SkillCompiler/data/format-preference/natural-instructions/tasks/task521_trivia_question_classification.json

{
    "Contributors": [
        "Pegah Alipoormolabashi"
    ],
    "Source": [
        "qanta"
    ],
    "URL": [
        "https://people.cs.umass.edu/~miyyer/qblearn/index.html"
    ],
    "Categories": [
        "Text Categorization"
    ],
    "Reasoning": [],
    "Definition": [
        "In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match."
    ],
    "Input_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Output_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Instruction_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Domains": [
        "Art",
        "Literature",
        "History",
        "Sociology",
        "Natural Science"
    ],
    "Positive Examples": [
        {
            "input": "In one work this author details the life of a tomb-maker who makes extra money by playing the organ at an insane asylum, while another of his novels sees Swartz give a refugee proper documentation only after he tells him his life story in the title Portuguese city. In addition to The Black Obelisk and The Night in Lisbon, he also wrote about Robert and Otto selling their auto workshop and visiting Patrice in a Swiss tuberculosis sanatorium in his novel The Three Comrades, while the turbulent life of the German surgeon Ravic is told in The Arch of Triumph. Another of his novels, The Road Back, is thought to be a sequel to his most famous book, in which the patriotic teacher Kantorek convinces Paul Bumer and his friends to join the Germany Army during World War I. For 10 points, name this German author who wrote All Quiet on the Western Front.",
            "output": "Literature",
            "explanation": "The text is talking about an author and their works, so it belongs to theliterature category."
        },
        {
            "input": "In one election, this man attacked Helen Gahagan Douglas by calling her \"\"the pink lady. \"\" At the American National Exhibition in Moscow, this man engaged in the \"\"Kitchen Debate\"\" with Nikita Khrushchev. After losing a governor's race to Pat Brown, this politician erroneously said the press wouldn't have him to kick around anymore. In another election, this man defended his use of a slush fund with the \"\"Checkers\"\" speech. For 10 points, name this former Vice President under Eisenhower, who lost the presidency to John F. Kennedy in 1960, but eventually was elected president in 1968.",
            "output": "History",
            "explanation": "The text is describing some events that took place in the past, and there's nothing relevant to literature, science or art involved, so the category is history."
        }
    ],
    "Negative Examples": [
        {
            "input": "A student at Columbia under Clarence White, this artist first gained critical recognition from a group including Imogen Cunningham and Willard Van Dyke. Following World War II, this artist produced such collections as Mormon Villages and The Irish Countryman, and her report with her husband Paul Taylor led to her employment by Roy Stryker, who had hired Esther Bubley for similar reasons. Her work was used in an exhibit on Executive Order 9066, but she remains better known for a work whose title figure remained unknown for forty years until she identified herself as Florence Owens Thompson, a portrait produced as the result of her hiring by the Farm Security Administration. For ten points, identify this photographer who produced some of the most famous images of the Great Depression, including Migrant Mother.",
            "output": "Literature",
            "explanation": "Although an artist might contribute to literature, going further through text shows that the mentioned artist is a painter, so the correct label is fine arts."
        },
        {
            "input": "Published one year before its companion essay Churches and Sects in North America, this works first part describes Martin Luthers introduction of the German word Beruf into his translation of the New Testament. Its second part begins by discussing the inner loneliness and anxiety caused by the doctrine of predestination, leading individuals to seek external signs of their election through tireless labor in a calling. The author then argues that this religious motivation for constant hard work led to the development of the modern economic system, trapping society in a shell as hard as steel. FTP, identify this essay linking Calvinist beliefs to the growth of capitalism by Max Weber.",
            "output": "History",
            "explanation": "This example is tricky, as it speaks about a written book and can be related to literature, and also contains references to \"development of modern economic system\", so it can be labeled as history, but the social science label is the best fit to this text."
        }
    ],
    "Instances": [
        {
            "id": "task521-ec95a144edb241eb82a3c1e563346486",
            "input": "One story by this author ends with a panther being put into a cage once occupied by the starving title character. Another of his stories focuses on an execution device that accidentally kills the Officer. Besides A Hunger Artist and In the Penal Colony, this man wrote a novel that sees Willem and Franz arrest and execute Josef K., but he is best known for a work about salesman Gregor Samsa. For 10 points, name this German-speaking author of The Trial and The Metamorphosis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0dda21a6842b4c2bbbb3ac691c57626a",
            "input": "A baryon state that decays into a delta baryon and one of these, or one or two nucleons and one of these, is the Roper resonance. The energy of cosmic rays is bounded at around five times ten to the nineteen eV because collisions with CMB photons would produce these particles at higher energies. These particles are the standard triplet representation of SU(2) isospin symmetry. One type of these usually decays into a muon and its neutrino, and the other usually forms two photons or can form a photon, electron, and positron in Dalitz decay. Its charged versions are the up antidown and the down antiup. For 10 points, name these first-generation mesons, the lightest.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c8255e2df5d46d78618e32cc8919256",
            "input": "This man defended the participants in the Christiana Riot, in addition to supporting the Morrill Tariff. A member of the Appropriations Committee, this man was succeed in his district by Henry Muhlenberg. This man preceded Justin Morrill as Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. His iron works were destroyed by Robert E. Lees troops, and this supporter of the Confiscation Act called for total war against the south and opposed the Crittenden Compromise. This man, who introduced the impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson, drafted the Reconstruction Act and the Fourteenth Amendment. For ten points, identify this member of the Radical Republicans, who was a representative from Pennsylvania.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee61ba43c04a4671b24e65ef59d8afdb",
            "input": "Tsakalidis represented these data structures as a BB-alpha tree, which allows one to find the ancestor relationship of elements in Big O of 1 time. Maurer's Shadow Algorithm uses a dynamic version of one of these data structures to speed up simulations. CDR coding is a representation for these them in LISP, and multiple pieces of information are stored in each element in the (*) unrolled variant of them. Their ends may be demarcated by sentinel nodes, while circular ones have the final node point to the initial one. For 10 points, name these data structures which come in \"singly\" and \"doubly\" versions, whose nodes each contains a pointer to the next and/or previous node.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47c9897575304538afa8354a29847c2c",
            "input": "Short stories by this man include one in which the protagonist foolishly tears down his entire house to fuel his oven for the winter, as well as one in which a king disguises himself as a peasant to visit an endlessly digging hermit in order to ascertain the answers to the three titular queries. Other short stories by this author see the narrator wonder if he will make it to the next post station regardless of the (*) snowstorm that obstructs him, as well as one in which the title character, who as a child was beaten by his mother for breaking a jug of milk falls in love with Ustinaya. Pahom dies in front of Bashkiris in another of his stories, which sees him buried in six feet of earth, thereby answering the title question. For 10 points, name this Russian author of \"\"Alyosha the Pot,\" and \"How much Land does a Man need\" who also wrote \"The Kreutzer Sonata. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b3887f2e3f540f08e08b078b376e5df",
            "input": "A calibration used by Kates and Weigelt makes models containing this entity less favorable, while Lynden and Bell's work in analyzing velocity fields led them to suggest its existence. The Shapley concentration is approximately 10 times its size, and it is located beyond Hydra-Centaurus. Evidence for its existence came from (*) CMB observations of the motion of the Local Group, as accounting for the Virgo Supercluster alone left residual components. Abell 3627 may be near its center, and data suggests it may be a supercluster. For 10 points, identify this entity, which draws the Milky Way and other galaxies towards it.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa4a77b8575548498e9d201bb4e0a1d5",
            "input": "Later thinkers built on this works assertion that a concept is something universal which serves as a rule. A notable commentary on this work was written by the author of Philosophy of As If, Hans Vaihinger. This work describes how one gains experience from creating a unity out of a manifold, and it presents time and space as the two pure forms of intuition. Of quantity, of quality, of relation, and of modality are the divisions into which this work places the twelve categories of understanding. It attempts to establish the necessity of certain propositions through the transcendental ideas. This work rejects the possibility of metaphysics, though it does show how other synthetic a priori propositions are possible. For 10 points, name this Immanuel Kant work, the first of his critiques.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce7bd91742d445b6a80344a386073401",
            "input": "This subject of the Herman Melville poem \"\"The Portent\"\" was the subject of a propagandist \"\"authorized\"\" biography by James Redpath. The magazine of the Weather Underground was named after the site of one of this man's deeds. Robert Penn Warren's first published book attempted to debunk myths about this man and was a biography subtitled The Making of a Martyr. A poem by John Greenleaf Whittier repeated the legend that this man kissed a (*) slave baby as he was led to the gallows. For 10 points, name this anti-slavery radical whose \"\"Body\"\" provides the title of a Stephen Vincent Benet poem about this man's raid on Harper's Ferry.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0aa0fd4e643049c9993feec362166576",
            "input": "Burning Daylight presents its hero in various archetypal American roles, The Road concerns the author's experiences in London as a hobo, and he combined astral projection with a plea for prison reform in The Star Rover. His characters include Billy Roberts who fights for labor in Sonoma, Eugene Everhard who struggles against the oppressive \"Oligarchy,\" and John Barleycorn who tells of his experiences as an alcoholic. The Valley of the Moon and The Iron Heel flanked his autobiographical novel Martin Eden, and followed popular successes like The Son of the Wolf and The Sea Wolf. FTP identify this author most famous for adventure novels about the North, including White Fang and The Call of the Wild.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e701c2a3af0b44e983f0fc349b328af9",
            "input": "The Gatterman-Koch reaction adds carbonyl groups to derivatives of this molecule, which when substituted with a hydroxyl group can undergo the Pechmann condensation to synthesize coumarins. The ANRORC mechanism is used to describe certain types of nucleophilic substitutions in it, and reacting it with sodium and an alcohol in liquid ammonia will selectively reduce it in a reaction named for Birch. It readily undergoes the Lewis acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts acylation, and simple derivatives of it include aniline and toluene. For 10 points, identify this chemical compound with molecular formula C6H6, whose structure was elucidated by Kekul.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebcabdac5e734f08b6c0f96cded8bb72",
            "input": "The circularity concept in one of this man's works is discussed in the second chapter of Colin McGinn's The Subjective View. That concept is introduced in a discussion of the color of porphyry, and this philosopher also distinguished between \"original revelation\" and \"traditional\" revelation\". Author of a document which established a feudal, slaveholding society in the New World, The Fundamental Constitution of the Carolinas, he is better known for promoted the idea of a government based on consent and natural rights and arguing against the Divine Right of kings in works such as his Letter Concerning Toleration. For ten points, identify this author of Two Treatises of Government and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-606af45b1a2549f2b4d361f1fca4015e",
            "input": "After allying with the khan of Chagatai and taking part in campaigns in Transoxania, this ruler would lose a \"muddy battle\" against Ilyas Khodja, despite fighting alongside brother-in-law Husayn of Balkh. Becoming the head of the Barlas upon the death of Tughluk, this man annihilated Tokhtamysh and the Golden Horde at the Battle of the Terek River before he overwhelmed Sultan Mehmud's forces in seizing the Delhi Sultanate. Prior to his death and ultimate succession by Shah Rukh while planning an invasion of China, he defeated the Turks at the Battle of Ankara and captured Bayezid I. FTP, name this Mongol military leader who ruled in Central Asia during the 14th century from his capital of Samarkand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5579b1e14d04e80b52b4eba65919f64",
            "input": "At standard temperature and pressure, it is a toxic and corrosive gas with a strong odor, and until the advent of haloalkanes like Freon, it was widely used as a refrigerant because it easily liquefies under pressure. Its liquid form is also a well-known non-aqueous ionizing solvent. Another of its important uses is in the production of nitric acid, which is then used in explosives and fertilizer. FTP, name this Hydrogen-Nitrogen compound usually formed when its two component gases are reacted over an iron catalyst, with aluminum oxide and potassium oxide promoters.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d84f1d79c4c41169acfabf5dd367d61",
            "input": "The \"Dirty Thirty\" were implicated in a large political scandal in this state that occurred a year before Watergate, the Sharpstown Scandal. The Supreme Court ruled that the Commerce Clause didn't apply to the Gun-Free School Zones Act in a case involving a high school student from this state in United States v. Lopez. As many as 12,000 people may have perished in a 1900 (*) hurricane that largely destroyed a coastal city in this state. Anthony Francis Lucas is credited with finding the Spindletop oil well in this state. The Supreme Court overturned its earlier decision of Bowers v. Hardwick to overturn sodomy laws in the case of Lawrence v. [this state]. It's also where a Branch Davidian compound was destroyed in 1993. For 10 points, name this state home to the Waco siege and the site of the John F. Kennedy assassination.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dadc4e0f695c40b38d7a33100c5faee4",
            "input": "His teacher Claude Gillot's interest in the commedia dell'arte and scenes d'opera were an important influence on this artist, whose depiction of Diana was an inspiration for Manet's Dejeuner Sur l'herbe. A clown during intermission is the subject of his Gilles, and he painted a wounded soldier in convalescence in Les Fatigues de la guerre. His Gersaint signboard shows an art dealer's shop, though more typical works include Do You Want to Succeed with Women and The Pleasures of Love. A rococo artist known for his fetes galantes, this is, for 10 points, what painter best known for his depiction of pilgrims traveling to a mythical island, Embarkation to Cythera.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-784373395e91486597805bde275bb050",
            "input": "This artist showed the corpse of a colossal dead chicken separating two armies on a battlefield in The Death and Funeral of Cain, while a crying, emaciated baby in a red toga emerges from a giant version of his own head in Echo of a Scream. This painter created works such as The Circus: Transition from Spectacle to Culture and The Atom as Triumph of Peace over Destruction to adorn the external walls of the dodecagon shaped building the Polyforum. This artist depicted a temple inscribed with the words \"Liberte, Egalite, and Fraternite\" burning next to a oversized killer parrot with a trident, while a mechanical eagle flies in the center portion of that work painted for an Electrical Worker's Union Building. Portrait of the Bourgeoisie and The March of Humanity are works by this Marxist artist, who attempted to assassinate Leon Trotsky in Mexico City. For 10 points, name this Mexican muralist.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe599d96bd3847f6bb094aa5e147143c",
            "input": "Adherents of this religion traditionally built towers known as Dokhmas where birds and weather would remove the flesh of their dead because fire and earth were sacred. Its scripture is composed of parts like the visperad, the vindedad, and the gathas, hymns thought to have been composed by its Persian founder. For 10 points, name this religion in which Angra-Mainyu constantly struggles with Ahura Mazda.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-824d70938fc94538aca572936a1371cd",
            "input": "Of the numerous islands in this body of water, Ukerewe, is the largest, with wooded hills rising 650 feet above it. The Katonga river enters from the West, while the Kavirondo gulf lies in the Northeast corner of it extending into Kenya. First detailed extensively by William Garstin, the Owen Falls Dam in Uganda exploits its vast hydroelectric power. FTP identify this lake sighted by Speke in 1858, the largest in Africa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-debeb33a8283472a8c1143908e24875e",
            "input": "The Chaldeans called this god Hoa. Under the names Dunga and Lumha he was the god of singers and psalmists, while another of his names, Ninigiku, translates as King of the Sacred Eye. This god has a son who acts as his mediator to mortals named Asari. This god has a servant named Isimud, who has two faces, and this god once turned the dirt under his fingernails into Galaturra and Kurgarra, two demons of ambiguous gender. One of this gods titles is Lord of Semen, and his daughter Uttu was born from an incestuous affair this god had with his older daughter Ninkurra, though his primary consort is Ninhursag. This god cast a spell on his father causing him to go into a deep sleep, letting this god rule a giant underground ocean. Part of a triad with Anu and Enlil, for ten points name this father of Marduk, the Mesopotamian god of water.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1fc159889bb4876b98b76debc2cfd46",
            "input": "This man commanded the winning forces at the Battle of La Carbonera and the Battle of Miahuatlan. He initiated annual banquets held for his country's Rural Guard, and men like his one-time vice president Ramon Corral were among his positivist cientificos. This drafter of the Plan de Tuxtepec forced Sebastian Lerdo into exile after the Battle of Tecoac. His critics attacked him for abandoning the Constitution of (*) 1857. In his first presidential campaign, he opposed re-election, but when he succeeded Manuel Gonzalez as President he removed all restrictions on re-election. He was ultimately forced to resign by Francisco Madero. For 10 points, name this dictator who ruled Mexico almost continuously from 1876 until 1911.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee6164b254ee4a2b90cbc7a51d8edb9a",
            "input": "The model for this work also appeared in the artist's earlier La Bella. The artist originally refused to paint this work, but changed his mind after Pietro Aretino suggested that he depict a prostitute's body instead of that of the old lady who is its ostensible subject. The titular figure wears a bracelet on her right arm and in her right hand holds a bunch of flowers, one of which has fallen to the couch. The left half of the background is blocked by a drape, but the right background contains two woman, one of whom is standing and looking down on the other, who is kneeling with her back to the viewer. To the right of the painting's subject, a small dog is taking a nap. FTP, name this 1538 depiction of a nude woman, which was painted by Titian.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a7f26126d9ba4498a9a184b7d11cc299",
            "input": "This philosopher died while working on his Compendium of Theology, and a legend holds that he possessed a brazen head which would indicate when his projects would succeed by talking to him. He gained the reputation as an erratic genius for his scientific speculations, and he was declared a heretic by the Franciscans in 1278 due to his advocacy that the Roman Catholic church should embrace all the sciences. Famous for his Opus majus, Opus minus, and Opus tertium, FTP, who was this English philosopher known as \"Doctor Mirabilis\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1bb907169817468daef9a2c7b23206c1",
            "input": "The second movement of this composer's third symphony, marked Vivace non troppo, features a clarinet melody in F major that ends each phrase with \"snap rhythms\". His fourth symphony opens with the winds playing pulsing eighth notes in 6/8, before the violins play the melodic figure \"A  C-sharp  A\" twice. A chromatically busy accompanying figure has caused the nickname \"Bee's Wedding\" to be appended to his \"Spinning Song\". That piece joins a group of piano pieces by him that includes two \"Venetian Gondola Song\"s and a \"Spring Song\". His fourth symphony ends with a saltarello and was composed on the same European tour that produced his Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, name this German Romantic composer of the Songs Without Words and the \"Scottish\" and \"Italian\" Symphonies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05ed6f722bd24068b9d257e5a39e8194",
            "input": "The title character becomes engaged to two women and invites them both to lunch. This novel begins in Elk Hills, where the title character grows up under the tutelage of Doc Vickerson. While a research fellow at the McGurk Institute, the title character discovers the X Principle that might prove a cure for disease, though he learns it was already discovered at the Pasteur Institute. Mentors in this novel include Max Gottlieb and Gustave Sondelius, and the title character's wife Leora dies from the plague on the island of St. Hubert. FTP, identify this novel about a research scientist by Sinclair Lewis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2eff8f3cc474790b0ac8e24610d3e32",
            "input": "Jam\" is a movement from his composition Music for a Great City, and \"The Promise of Living\" is the finale of his opera The Tender Land. A solo trumpet plays the tune \"El Mosco\" in his orchestral work El Salon Mexico, and lines from the Gettysburg Address conclude his Lincoln Portrait. This author of What to Listen for in Music included the section \"The Open Prairie\" in his ballet about a titular outlaw. In addition to composing Billy the Kid, he was commissioned by Martha Graham to write the music for a ballet that features the \"Simple Gifts\" melody. For 10 points, name this composer of Fanfare for the Common Man and Appalachian Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-116b4791658244a9bf5d01a4c1c234bb",
            "input": "The surface type of this process can happen to encapsulated bacteria after they are attached to a blood vessel. In other cases of it, bacteria are covered with proteins, allowing other molecules to adhere to them. The granules of neutrophils can begin this process, which is completed by hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Leukocytes, or white blood cells, also use this process to protect the body from bacterial infections. Name this process also carried out when protists use their cell membranes to ingest nutrients, a form of endocytosis [en-doh-sy-TOH-sis].",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a237b6fcb7ed4df6a77641a243be989b",
            "input": "This region wholly contains the Simeto River. The namesake of this region's most expansive plain is the city of Catania, which is the tenth largest city in its nation, just behind Bari. Off the northern coast of this island lies Lipari, which is part of the archipelago of the Aeolian Islands, which also includes Vulcano and (*) Stromboli. This large island is broken up into nine provinces including Ragusa. A proposed suspension bridge would link this massive island to Calabria across the Strait of Messina. Syracuse is located in, for 10 points, what largest island in the Mediterranean, located just southwest of Italy's boot",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d4612b032df47ab8fd18dbbbc0881ef",
            "input": "According to the midrash, it was created on the fifth day, and it's carcass finds many uses, both as an excellent material for building a sukkah as told by the prayer at the end of Sukkot and as one of three creatures used as food for the people. According to Rashi, it was one of the Taninim, and there were originally both a male and a female, but Yahweh killed the female out of fear that their offspring would wipe out the human race. It bears thematic resemblance to a seven-headed creature slain by Baal in Canaanite myth. For 10 points, name this Biblical monster, companion of the ziz and the behemoth, a giant sea serpent that gives a name to a work about absolutist governance.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30c1a4e5da074e9d892d6ef3fc7cba8c",
            "input": "One character in this work almost drowns in a shower when she sits on the drain, and another is left by his wife because he compares humans to computers. Other events include the Duke di Angelis quartet deciding to play a piece without instruments and the break-in of sailors who believe that the apartment is a brothel. Upstairs, another character dictates a theory to Aubade while cradling a dying bird in his hands. Describing a lease-breaking party thrown by Meatball Mulligan, for 10 points, name this work in which the thermometer always reads thirty-seven degrees and Callisto envisions a \"heat-death for his culture,\" a short story by Thomas Pynchon.\r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0ab197e58bc45edaa799a6cbf159825",
            "input": "This law explains why the theory of Berthelot and Thomsen was incorrect, and Loschmidt's Paradox pointed out that a problem with another scientist's H-theorem could lead to a situation in which this was violated. Using the Stirling approximation solved another potential violation of this law, in which a partition is removed between two identical samples of gas, known as the Gibbs Paradox. An imaginary creature sorting particles based on energy, Maxwell's Demon, could not violate it even though it was designed to. Originally stated by both Kelvin and Clausius, who said that heat could not flow from a cold object to a hot one spontaneously, FTP name this law of thermodynamics commonly stated as for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8640c8d2a5fa4168a98a1611ae263977",
            "input": "Taban lo Liyong wrote about the \"uneven ribs\" of this man, who edited the radical newspaper El Moudjahid in the 1950s. In one of his works, this man advocated violent revolution as a collective catharsis of psychological indignities. His For the African Revolution was published posthumously, and this former head of psychology at an Algerian hospital also wrote such chapters as The Fact of Blackness and The Negro and Language in his study of the dual identity of colonized Africans, Black Skin, White Masks. For 10 points, name this anti-French political writer, who justified violence in the expulsion of colonialist powers in a work named for a line from the Internationale, The Wretched of the Earth.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-271e395ff29b43339452cc587ad7f6af",
            "input": "This architect created a family pantheon of full figure statues, including one of Caterina, Queen of Cyprus, in first use of the two-story projecting portico-loggia motif in Western architecture. The Emo family commissioned a residence from this architect, who used a Greek temple-front design for a house commissioned by the Foscari family, La Malcontenta. This architect designed a bilaterally symmetrical building with four porticos surrounding a central dome inspired by the Pantheon, which is sometimes called the Villa Capra. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance architect of the Villa Rotunda.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0aa8c4438e24a9f8683651b9c6456ae",
            "input": "Schrodinger-Pauli equation sees this quantity multiplied by charge and subtracted from the momentum three vector. An electron's interference pattern changes when a solenoid turns on despite the fact that the magnetic field outside of the solenoid is zero because of this quantity. For a non-conservative electric field, the electric field is equal to the negative gradient of the electric potential minus the time derivative of this quantity. In addition to causing the Aharonov-Bohm effect, this quantity is combined with the electric potential to form the 4-potential. This quantity's divergence is set to zero in the Coulomb gauge. For 10 points, magnetic field is defined as the curl of this quantity that is symbolized A.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58fff09e0eac416f83ee15674622413a",
            "input": "The architecture in this painting is said to be inspired by the work of Donato Bramante, and the titular building is in the shape of a Greek cross. The artist's two undisputed main subjects each hold copies of their own books in  their left hand and are gesturing with their right hand as they stand in the middle of the painting. Those men, Aristotle and Plato, appear to be having a discussion. For 10 points, name this Italian fresco by Raphael which features nearly every notable Greek philosopher in its namesake structure.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49a66a694ce842a29752b221db92c448",
            "input": "In one painting of this figure as a young boy, he stands next to his smiling father with an axe at his feet. One painting of this man in uniform used the Rhine River as its model and unrealistically depicts its scene on a clear, sunny day. That painting of this man shows him standing in a boat while some of his men push away ice. For 10 points, name this man depicted by Emanuel Leutze during his crossing of the Delaware River.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03c0f1cecbad4fd19168a2947322bc13",
            "input": "The speaker of one poem by this author calls the title feeling athe blissful cloud of summera and states that amy sleep had been embroiderad with dim dreams.a Another poem by this author calls aye clouds of Albion Begetters of our deep eternal theme,a and features a speaker who declares abetwixt damnation and impassionad clay must I burn through.a The first poem by this man ends avanish, ye phantoms! from my idle springs, into the clouds, and never more return!a The second poem by this writer recalls the pleasures of reading a agolden-tongued romance with serene lutea and ends with the speaker demanding abut when I am consumed in the fire, give me new phoenix wings to fly at my desire.a He described three temptresses named Ambition, Love, and Poesy in an 1819 poem that is addressed to the feeling of laziness. For 10 points, name this author of aOn Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Againa and aOde On Indolence,a who also wrote aOn First Looking into Chapmanas Homer.a",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb897f04ce3549d8b0520b64287f1df7",
            "input": "In this opera, two servants are given medicine that makes one of them sneeze continuously and makes the other yawn nonstop. One character boasts that \"Everyone asks for me, everyone wants me,\" before telling himself \"You'll never lack for luck\" in an aria from this opera. In this opera, a character disguises himself as the student Lindoro to try and marry his love, which he ultimately does after bribing Don Basilio the music teacher. The title character of this opera sings the aria \"Largo al factotum,\" and later appears in a Mozart opera. For 10 points, name this opera composed by Gioachino Rossini, whose title character Figaro helps Count Almaviva win Rosina.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8bbf4cb9649d4de49ca6941661e6f141",
            "input": "figure in this myth system, known as The Earthquake, is lured into eating a gypsum-prepared bird when he is promised to be led to a giant mountain that keeps growing. One figure in this myth system loses his arm, after which he instructs two gods disguised as elderly dentists to replace a rebellious figure's teeth with white corn. This myth system contains a story about the downfall of Seven Macaw. The rain deity in this mythos is Chaac. Central to this mythos are figures called Hunahpu and Xbalanque, the \"Hero Twins. \" Its underworld is known as Xibalba. For 10 points, name this Mesoamerican culture whose myths are recounted in the Popul Vuh.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d0406e1009b46418ceaad27d0a2fe5f",
            "input": "Lawrence Ferlinghetti wrote a poem about this painting which asserted of it that \"nearby there must be a jeweled tree\" and concluded that one of its central figures \"is not the One\". It was painted a short time after its artist completed a supposedly \"pornographic\" trio of ceiling paintings called Philosophy, Medicine, and Jurisprudence. A series of vines with triangular yellow leaves trail down towards the bottom-right corner of this painting, which is set at the edge of a (*) meadow filled with purple and blue flowers. It contrasts a pattern of grey, black, and beige rectangles with a pattern of multicolored circles, which represent masculinity and femininity respectively. Its central figures are displayed in front of a gold-leaf background, wrapped in golden robes. For 10 points, two lovers embrace at the center of which Gustav Klimt painting",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b201f71f58834baea4385a1cc2313256",
            "input": "One form of this phenomenon can be modeled by the Cornu Spiral, a parametric plot of two integrals of arc length. The Rayleigh Criterion limits the resolution of images produced by this phenomenon when light goes through a circular (*) aperture. Airy Disks and Newton's Rings are patterns formed by light undergoing this phenomenon, which has near-field and far-field types named for, respectively, Fresnel (fruh-NELL) and Fraunhofer (FRAUN-hoff-er). For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which light bends upon encountering a small obstacle.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-338fae79bd5a4a33bc6dbe26ab29659e",
            "input": "This painter's indulgence of visual fantasy, and appreciation of different historic architectural styles can be seen in his 1840 Architect's Dream. After a series of paintings on The Last of the Mohicans, he made a three year trip to Europe in 1829, but he is better known for a trip four years earlier in which he journeyed up the Hudson River to the Catskill Mountains. FTP, name this painter of The Oxbow and The Voyage of Life series.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f70bf08f487a423a82449e0cfdd9bd14",
            "input": "One character in this work has a mulberry-colored mark on his face, and dies in a fire after having a nightmare about a snakelike monster. Another character in this work is thought to be a huge, deformed ape after being killed in an air battle and landing with his parachute on the top of a mountain. In one scene of this work, a character discovers that something that was thought to be a sleeping monster was actually a dead body before being followed down a mountain by flies and killed by ritualistic savages, who wear face paint discovered by Samneric. Samneric had earlier fallen asleep while tending a fire which would later be re-set on a beach before a burning forest leads a British naval officer to stop at the central island. For 10 pointsname this work about Jack, Simon, Ralph, and Piggy, a novel by William Golding.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a90f4bc7c3524df497544d6b5c178ce4",
            "input": "At the end of this novel, one character decides to marry her former fiance, Mike Campbell. The protagonist of this work is impotent from an injury in the First World War, thus preventing him from marrying Brett Ashley. In Paris, the protagonist of this novel meets an aggressive former boxing champion named Robert Cohn. The central characters of this novel watch the running of the (*) bulls in Pamplona, where they meet Pedro Romero the bullfighter. For 10 points, name this novel about the veteran Jake Barnes, written by Ernest Hemingway.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94b696f076cc4d4e9ca967c92de3f812",
            "input": "Nicholas Cook suggests that sheer perversity is the reason why the composer of this work chose to compose a difficult, chromatic solo for the fourth horn in its third movement. The return of the timpani ends the trio section of its second movement, while a coda with an ostinato in the cellos and basses ends the first movement. Wagner dubbed the opening of its fourth movement Schrenkensfanfare, while hammer-blow octaves open its second movement Scherzo. However, most notable is the movements that follows the third movement Adagio and is scored for four soloists, orchestra, and chorus. For 10 points, name this Choral final symphony of Beethovens which contains a setting of Schillers Ode to Joy",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35e8167f57b34ce89f24b900897f26e7",
            "input": "His first play, The Butterfly's Evil Spell, closed after one night in 1920. His other early works include First Songs and Gypsy Ballads, and he wrote Poet in New York after moving there following an emotional collapse. FTP, name this poet born near Granada, best known for such plays as Yerma, Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7dc8bd1febb404dab760f973b78e957",
            "input": "It began following the Kemmu Restoration and would be formally established when its namesake turned on Go-Daigo, resulting in a 56-year civil war between the Northern and Southern courts. Takauji emerged victorious and peace remained until the 10-year Onin War more than a century later. Its greatest shogun, Yohsimitsu, built the Palace of Flowers and the Golden Pavilion. FTP, name this period that ended when Yoshiaka was driven out by Oda Nobunaga in 1573, a shogunate sometimes referred to as the Muromachi and succeeded by the Tokugawa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a17730a7811a485c97ee2dcfa049be28",
            "input": "He has nine mothers, all sisters. His skin is the whitest of all the gods, his teeth are made of gold, and he rides a golden-maned horse named Gulltopp. He once turned himself into a  seal to retrieve the necklace Brisingamen of Freyja's that was stolen by Loki. He will blow his trumpet, the Gjallarhorn, to signal the start of Ragnarok, when he and Loki will slay each other. For ten points, name this Norse god who lives in Himinbjorg, at the entrance to Asgard, and guards the rainbow bridge, Bifrost.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9dc28be787ad4525b961784aa7ddbf63",
            "input": "This man sent three divisions of the Roman army against the Adiabene peoples of Northern Mesopotamia and also conquered the city of Nisibis where he established his main headquarters. An avid military campaigner, this man increased the number of legions to 33, increased the annual salary of solders from 300 to 500 denarii and even disassembled the Praetorian Guard into his own defense, the (*) Pannonian Legions. Early on in his reign, he waged a war with the Parthian Empire which was quickly ended during the sack of their capital, Ctesiphon. This man was able to defeat Pescennius Niger at Issus in 194AD in the Roman Civil War during the reign of this man's predeccessor, Didius Julianus who has earlier claimed Rome after the death of Pertinax. Born in the city of Leptis Magna in modern-day Libya, FTP, identify this father of Geta and Caracalla; Roman emperor from the years of 193 to 211 AD and founder of a namesake dynasty",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae506cacd42c445faa2991b8e825c892",
            "input": "The negotiations of Edward Thorton played an important role in the leadup to this conflict, and an initial offensive by one side stalled following a defeat at Yatai. The other side spent several months retraining under the leadership of Marshal Caxias. Venancio Flores rose to power with the support of Brazil, overthrowing the government of Atanasio Aguirre in Uruguay prior to the start of this conflict. The tide turned in this war after Pedro Meza's defeat at Riachuelo, and Bartolome Mitre refused to grant passage for the forces of one leader at the outset. For 10 points, name this conflict that saw the death of dictator Francisco Solano Lopez and the destruction of Paraguay.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1bc04fc7996249898ec8c4d878d0a579",
            "input": "This philosopher's early death left his works in an incomplete state, with much of his work compiled by his students, including the \"Opus Parisiense\" and the \"Opus Oxoniense\". Famous for his defense of Immaculate Conception and his analogy comparing man's free will to a horse capable of throwing off grace, its rider, he gained notoriety for challenging the ideas of Thomas Aquinas. FTP, who was this Scottish Fransciscan thinker known as \"Doctor Subtilis\", whose followers were often called \"dunces\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8692638641e54a209f5cffd647371634",
            "input": "The flat patterning in his paintings Beech Woods and Farm Garden reveal his training in decorative arts, as does the organic scrolling in the Tree of Life. A snake wraps around the red-robed figure of Hygieia at the bottom of his painting Medicine, which was displayed with the paintings Philosophy and Jurisprudence. He also painted the Stoclet Frieze, but a better known work was painted after his trip to Ravenna, where he saw the Byzantine mosaics in San Vitale. That work contrasted masculine, black and gray rectangles with colorful, feminine circles and wavy lines in his depiction of two figures perched on a green hill spotted with purple flowers. Also known for two portraits of Adele Bloch-Bauer, FTP, name this Symbolist and leader of the Vienna Secession who painted The Kiss.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0e3a441f94441aaa69bcbf721ba9db3",
            "input": "This location's sanitation was improved by its governor George Don, who also started its first police force and rebuilt St. Bernard's Hospital. Jacob van Heemskerk died at a Dutch victory here during the Eighty Years' War. A failed siege of this location in 1727 led to the construction of a contravallation line which is now the site of a town named after the Immaculate Conception. At a later siege of this location, George Augustus (*) Eliot successfully defended a garrison here from French and Spanish forces. It also suffered two sieges during the Reconquista, the first of which led to the exile of the Sultan of Granada, Muhammed III. Diego Salinas surrendered this location to the Anglo-Dutch forces of George Rooke during the War of the Spanish Succession, and along with Minorca it was eventually ceded to Britain by Spain under the Treaty of Utrecht. For 10 points, name this location in southern Spain, one of the legendary Pillars of Hercules.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-acf2a100b15a4f0ca45c933e6c69e976",
            "input": "One of this writer's plays ends with Sam collapsed on the floor and Ruth resolving to stay behind in London, leaving Teddy to return to America. In another play, he traced the evolution of Emma and Jerry's affair in reverse chronology. This playwright of The Homecoming and Betrayal wrote a play that includes an argument over the semantics of lighting a kettle and ends with Ben holding Gus at gunpoint. In another of his plays, McCann and Goldberg take Stanley Webber away from the title celebration. For 10 points, name this \"comedy of menace\" dramatist of The Dumb Waiter and The Birthday Party.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3b02f1c6e634f2a9c1b0a61a8fa0626",
            "input": "In Welsh myth, Arawn became angry when Pwyll mistreated some red-eared ones of these animals that belonged to him. In order to end a paradox concerning the Teumessian Fox, Zeus turned one of these animals to stone, though he had originally gifted it to Europa. One of these animals from Norse mythology lived in Helheim, was fated to kill Tyr, and was named Garm. One that lived in Ithaca died after seeing Odysseus come home and was named Argus. Another of these animals was captured by Heracles for his twelfth labor and guarded the entrance to the realm of Hades. For 10 points, name these animals whose mythological examples include the three-headed Cerberus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8ac1e6fb0cf460d9b0240123a29b2d9",
            "input": "This man's writings include the unfinished novel M. Dudron's Adventure. This artist's fruit paintings include Transformed Dream, while a bunch of brightly-colored toys dominate his Evil Genius of a King. Nude men wading through pools is the subject of his set of prints entitled Mysterious Bathers, while paintings in a more classical style include the Horses by the Sea paintings. Experiments with lithography culminated in The Grand Metaphysician, while Still-Life with Silverware and Self-Portrait in Black Costume exemplify his \"neo-baroque\" period. He produced over twenty versions of his painting of three mannequins on a wooden pedestal, Disquieting Muses, but better-known are his \"arcade paintings\" including one featuring a girl rolling a large hoop in the shadowy title locale. For 10 points name this surrealist artist of Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-671350cb4d7349e0a202ac470df47664",
            "input": "Deities in this religion, which include conjoined twins known as the Marassa, are divided into 21 nations, including Rada and Petwo. Among its clergy are magicians-for-hire called bokors, priests called houngans, and priestesses called mambos. Members of this religion pray to saint-like spirits such as Papa Legba who are known as loa, intermediaries between humans and the supreme god Bondye. For 10 points, name this syncretic Haitian religion whose actual religious practices typically don't involve raising zombies or sticking pins into dolls.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec0ed042744e4e488a5d26690d79f2d4",
            "input": "early leader of this polity failed in his attempt to modernize the hi-tech industry via the Economic System of Socialism while also failing with the New Economic System. That leader's rule also saw the creation of Intershops and the Karl-Marx Alley. Its penultimate leader created vertically integrated production systems called combines along with heavily sponsoring sports to boost prestige. Bertolt Brecht spent his final years in this polity and Egon (*) Krenz was its last leader. Its end came via Die Wende or The Change. The secret police in this country were the Stasi and its leaders have included Eric Honecker and Walter Ulbricht. For 10 points, name this polity centered at Berlin, unlike its counterpart centered at Bonn.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-41586a4e1c7b4ec496ed1be1db69469f",
            "input": "In one of this authors novels, Father Paez convinces Catalina that she has corrupted her soul by marrying the title character. King Philip II appears in this authors novel in which the eve of the new millennium sees an act of love between Celstina and Pollo Phoibe. This author of Terra Nostra included a frame story about a group of diggers discussing an exhumed corpse in a novel that ends with the revelation that the narrator is Ambrose Bierce. His most famous novel follows the titular corrupt politician on his deathbed as he reflects upon his life. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ebce0f224e4430fb9f0858096870f0c",
            "input": "Shortly after this man's election as president, cotton mill workers took over the Yarur factory. This man came into office as part of the newly formed Popular Unity Party, which increased its share of parliament months before this man was killed inside La Moneda Palace during a military coup. For 10 points, name this socialist president who was elected in 1970 and removed in 1973 by Augusto Pinochet as leader of Chile.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b04b40d2a22c460eaed506a79e05bd28",
            "input": "Hiram Hover was shot for attempting to recruit blacks into this organization in Georgia. It was a leading proponent of the Chinese Exclusion Act. The Adelphon Kruptos was a collection of its rituals, and this organization dropped its rule of secrecy in 1881. Founded by Uriah Stephens and led by Terrence Powderly, this group saw a decline after the Haymarket Square bombing. For 10 points, name this early American labor union.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-12cb936e19e3405ea6ecc05b0b8512e4",
            "input": "man warned readers to avoid \"persecution mania\" and the Byronic form of the title concept in the section \"The Causes of Unhappiness. \" He attacked the equivocation inherent in the term \"knowledge\" and suggested a division based on level of direct familiarity into \"knowledge by description\" and \"knowledge by acquaintance. \" Richard Dawkins popularized this thinker's analogy of an invisible teapot revolving around the sun. This philosopher advanced his distinction between definite and indefinite descriptions in his essay (*) \"On Denoting. \" He used a parable about a barber to explain a namesake paradox, which considers the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. For 10 points, name this British philosopher who collaborated with Alfred North Whitehead on Principia Mathematica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7ea9f22a77a418f861eced0381b3ad3",
            "input": "one short novel by this author, Clem Dowson becomes reacquainted with the Fazackerleys, while another focuses on the rape of Felicity Bannister, who shortly thereafter breaks off her engagement to John Galbraith despite his acceptance of her. Those works, A Woman's Hand and The Night the Prowler, appear in a collection whose title story tells of a couple that communicates only through writing and not through speech. This author of The Cockatoos wrote about the relationship between Mary Hare and her housekeeper Mrs. Jolley in Riders in the Chariot, while he may be best known for a novel about a German explorer who proposes to Laura Trevelyan while on a journey across Australia. For 10 points, name this author of Voss.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b6d00f0139234e2b8ceb74a7c0ff8337",
            "input": "one poem by this author, the titular group \"makes no sound but the panting like a silken serpent\" and Carola, a prostitute, blackmails Dants in one of his plays. A more famous work features a barber shop-educated boy who starts a nonviolent revolution, Octavio Sansur. In addition to \"The Indians come down from Mixco\",Chantaje, and The Eyes of the Interred, a 1949 novel sees Nicho Aquino find Gaspar Iln, who earlier helped the Indians grow their (*) corn. Besides a series about a United Fruit Company-dominated Latin America, one of the first scenes of his best known story features several beggars on the steps of a church. The titular character of that work, who only appears six times in the novel, uses death of military officer to get to Carvajal, who he also intends to kill. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Banana Trilogy\", Men of Maize, and El Seor Presidente, a Guatemalan Nobel laureate.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b6d38db90c4e420d9259b4cd872c4486",
            "input": "As the leader of the Army of Ohio this man led a campaign in East Tennessee which successfully defended Knoxville from the forces of James Longstreet. This man led a campaign in 1862 which captured most of the coast of North Carolina as part of the Anaconda Plan. This man's Mud March, a failed attempt to surprise Lee's forces from behind after a crossing of the Rappahannock River, led to his replacement by Joseph Hooker. This man was permanently relieved of duty for his botched efforts in the Battle of the Crater which failed to end the Siege of Petersburg. This man was offered command of one army following the failure of the Peninsular Campaign and again after the Second Battle of Bull Run, but he only accepted the position after a battle in which he took hours trying to cross a bridge defended by Confederate sharpshooters which now bears his name, the Battle of Antietam. For 10 points, name this Union general who is best remembered for his disastrous attempt to take Richmond in 1862 after replacing George McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac which ended with the Battle of Fredericksburg.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c0b9c97eab8473e8fb1c30a6548014f",
            "input": "One ruler of this kingdom was born to a hunchbacked woman and refused to walk for the first seven years of his life despite prophesies that he would be a great warrior. This empire referred to its territories as the Twelve Tinkurus, or Twelve Doors. The first ruler of this kingdom was driven to exile in the Mena kingdom, according to a history that was often recounted by griots. That first ruler of this kingdom returned to win a devastating victory over the Sosso ruler Sumanguru at the Battle of Kirina. At the height of this empire, its ruler took such a lavish pilgrimage to Mecca that he devalued gold all along his route. For 10 points, name this West African empire whose great leaders included Mansa Musa and the legendary Sundiata, centered on Timbuktu.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6c37250c9be4a7fb5bfbd0a28e088a8",
            "input": "It is strikingly similar to Martin y Soler's opera L'abore di Diana, not surprising as the librettist was working on both operas at the same time. It opens in a Naples caf and soon moves to a villa, where the duet, \"Ah guarda, sorella,\" is sung. The doctor in Act I and the notary in Act II are none other than Despina, the maid, in disguise; though she is unaware of the nature of the charade. That charade is engineered by the cynical Don Alfonso, who convinces two young men to assume the guise of Albanian nobleman to conduct a certain test. It centers on a wager of 100 sequins that Guglielmo's and Ferrando's fiancees, the sisters Dorabella and Fiordiligi, will prove unfaithful when put to the test. FTP, name this Mozart opera that translates as \"So Do They All. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5fa4f7bd2f524684925bfde345ffa757",
            "input": "Palladium is commonly used as one of these species in most organic coupling reactions. A mixture of titanium and aluminum forms the Ziegler-Natta one used in polymerization reactions. In cars, platinum is used as one to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Chlorofluorocarbons act as one in the breakdown of ozone in the atmosphere. These species work by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction, and a common industrial one is iron in the Haber-Bosch process. For 10 points, name these chemical species which speed up a reaction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ee78dc231eb47089cffe84c254839f8",
            "input": "This man was forced to lower taxes in response to the Gin Riots. He managed to convince his hawkish\\n monarch not to engage in the War of the Polish Succession, and put the Lord Chamberlain in charge of\\n censoring the theatre with the Licensing Act. After the death of his ally Queen Caroline, this man\\n experienced a decline in popularity caused by events like the Porteous Riots and the Cartagena Disaster,\\n which occurred during the War of Jenkins Ear. Through his posts of First Lord of the Treasury and\\n Chancellor of the Exchequer, he controlled affairs during the reigns of George I and George II. For 10\\n points, name this man often regarded as the first Prime Minister of England.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-622b68ddd7fe4cbeaa23115cbaeae54f",
            "input": "Among the parts of the body named for this scientist are corpuscles of the spleen, tufts in the kidney, and the deep layer of the epidermis. Personal pyhsician to Pope Innocent XII, he studied the metamorphosis of the silkworm, described the structure of the brain, spinal cord, and taste buds, and used his studies of frogs to describe the capillary circulation of the lungs. FTP, who was this 17th century Italian whose use of the microscope has led him to be called the father of microscopic anatomy",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11fd722b77d04f5482f73af9aa1f303b",
            "input": "Benjamin Butler represented some of the men convicted after this event, all of whom were later pardoned by John Peter Altgeld. Immediately preceded by a fight at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. at which four were killed by police, this event is commemorated by bonfires at some May Day celebrations. For ten points, name this tragedy that helped lead to the downfall of the Knights of Labor; a May 4th, 1886 riot touched off when someone detonated a bomb at a labor rally in Chicago.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4031e082eb64804915c01273ce9240c",
            "input": "Its main character is a hopeless stutterer, taunted by his schoolmates, who eventually becomes an acolyte at a famous temple. However, he becomes obsessed with its beauty, and cannot live in peace until he burns it down. For 10 points, name this novel about Mizoguchi, which is based upon actual events that took place at the Kinkakuji Temple in Kyoto in 1950 and which was written by Yukio Mishima.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ed18c2d98254664adc125a65b48cd5e",
            "input": "In one of this man's plays, a character compares the soul to a bladder, while another walks around with balloons tied to his belt. This author of \"America Was Promises\" wrote that play which uses a (*) circus to tell a modern version of Job, while Bernal Diaz looks back on his time with Cortes in one of this man's poems. For 10 points name this author of \"You, Andrew Marvell,\" J.B., and \"Conquistador. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77ffdb8840694b1ea7640910ca0c5bf9",
            "input": "This mans memory for soccer facts made him a child prodigy and he was one of the more famous fans of Tottenham Hotspur. Peter Ungers famous essay Why I Do Not Exist addressed this man and his collaborator Graham Macdonald. He clashed with Austin over veridical perception and introduced an edition of William Jamess The Meaning of Truth and Pragmatism, a philosophy he explored in his The Origins of Pragmatism. More characteristic are his The Concept of a Person, editing the collection Logical Positivism, and a book challenged by Edmund Gettier, The Problem of Knowledge. He used the verification principle to reject the truth of metaphysical statements in favor of emotivism using the three title concepts of his most famous work. FTP, identify this English supporter of the Vienna Circle who wrote Language, Truth and Logic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed0d4940cdc3453e86846d4c03fde316",
            "input": "composer wrote an oratorio for the girls of the Pieta, celebrating the recapture of Corfu, titled Juditha trumphans. One of his operas was to celebrate the marriage of the governor of Mantua, called Tito Manlio. This composer was admired by the Emperor Charles (*) VI, who was given his La Cetra. His most famous work contains instructions like \"the barking dog\" and \"languor caused by the heat\" and has four accompanying sonnets. That work would become the first sections of his opus 8, The Contest Between Harmony and Invention . For 10 points, name this \"Red Priest\" who composed The Four Seasons .",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a97a8f97fc984f72b3cff758013a383b",
            "input": "They are 1,2-dipolar species of the type RmX+ - Y-Rn. If X is a saturated atom from the first row of the periodic table, then this type of compound is represented by a charge-separable form, but if X is an unsaturated atom doubly bonded to another first row element Z, the negative charge on Y may be stabilized by a pi conjugation. Defined as compounds in which an anionic site Y- is attached directly to a heteroatom X+ carrying a formal positive charge these are, FTP, what compounds whose phosphonium variety is also known as the Wittig reagent",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-310bd8220f6941bfb839a79968afd7bd",
            "input": "Among the most moving pieces in this opera is \"'Liu! Liu! Sorgi! \" sung at the death for a character's unwillingess to betray the man she loves. Another is the brief aside of Ping longing for his small home covered in bamboo, far away from the executions he must help arrange. Its most famous aria demands that no rest be taken, which is a result of Calaf's success and his deal with the title character. FTP name this opera about the wooing of the daughter of the Emperor of China, famous for the aria \"Nessun Dorma,\" the last opera of Giacchimo Puccini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f136867d1334876b21af3aa2f3314df",
            "input": "This group was lambasted in the \"Doctrinal Armory\" of Euthymius Zigabenus, and its ideas were brought to Russia by Adrian after being founded either by a certain Jeremiah or its namesake. Believing that Jesus was originally one of two sons of God named Michael, they rejected Monday and Friday fasting. The council of Bolino Polje was inspired by accusations that the Patarene movement in Bosnia was an extension of this group, which believed that the world was created by a malevolent devil and that marriage, alcohol, and meat promoted the evil of material mixing. For 10 points, name this group led by Basil the Physician, a late medieval dualistic heresy that was a descendant of Paulician and Manichean beliefs and dissented against the Orthodox Church in Bulgaria.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f075b06a2f84f9986f53e5cb6f14d83",
            "input": "In an October, 1997 JCE article, Parquet and Lin outlined a microwave-assisted version of this procedure that creates a reagent in situ by irradiation of isatin. This reaction is analogous to hydroxylamine-mediated oxime synthesis. It is sometimes cited as only its second step, which is usually catalyzed by an alkali ethoxide or potassium hydroxide, but that second step cannot proceed without an initial hydroxone formation by the carbonyl-containing reactants. It is now rarely performed since it requires extremely dangerous heating of hydrazine in the presence of ketones or aldehydes. FTP, name this organic reduction of ketones or aldehydes to corresponding alkanes, named for German and Russian chemists.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52dab2ece7dd4ce2b5947cb1e039a3ff",
            "input": "Their spectra are similar to those of Seyfert Galaxies, and the BL Lac objects were once classified as a type of these. The spectra of many of these objects contain a series of absorption lines at the Lyman alpha transition wavelengths. 3C 273 was the first of these objects discovered by Sandage and Mathews in the Virgo cluster, and its spectrum indicated its redshift implied it had 90% of the velocity of light. Some of these objects have been measured to be as far away as thirteen billion light years. For 10 points, name these objects, believed to be an accretion disk powered by a supermassive black hole, and the oldest, farthest, and brightest objects detected in the night sky.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5f051a3743247cb983458fa749d8956",
            "input": "The Fibonacci type can notably perform many common operations with almost constant amortized cost, and they are often used to implement priority queues. Key to executing many graph algorithms, such as Dijkstras, they are often implemented in arrays with adjacent elements being widely separated by index. Its namesake sort has complexity bound of order n log n, and its nodes usually satisfy the property that the children are either consistently lesser or greater than their parents. For 10 points, name this tree-based data structure.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb0a789cf64d4bfda1839fa62b491595",
            "input": "This person's early fusion work often featured guitarist John McLaughlin, who is the namesake of one   of this musician's songs. McLaughlin is featured, along with pianists Chick Corea and Herbie Hancock,  on this person's album In a Silent Way. This performer often worked with pianist and arranger   Gil Evans, and they featured the second movement of Joaquin Rodrigo's composition Concierto de  Aranjuez [ah-rahn-HWEZZ] on the album Sketches of Spain. Name this trumpeter who placed the  songs \"Blue in Green\", \"So What\", and \"Freddie Freeloader\" on his album Kind of Blue.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-436169910f7a49b0ab8c3f600f6db1fa",
            "input": "It has been called the poem that contains the universe, and the scope of its narrative does address everything from government to salvation. The central themes, set in the context of the war between the Pandavas and Kauravas, are the evil destruction of war and the universal search for peace. FTP try to give the name of the longest epic in the world, consisting of 88,000 Sanskrit verses, that according to Hindu tradition was dictated by Vyasa the bard to the scholar-god Ganesh.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23daf7ffebb34125b84f3e3a8e2c2b2f",
            "input": "In a work dedicated to the \"\"season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,\"\" this poet asked \"\"where are the songs of spring\"\" This poet asked \"\"what maidens loth\"\" and \"\"what mad pursuit\"\" in a poem dedicated to a \"\"still unravish'd bride of quietness. \"\" In that poem, this poet of \"\"To Autumn\"\" claimed that \"\"all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know\"\" is that \"\"beauty is truth, truth beauty. \"\" For 10 points, name this Romantic British poet who wrote \"\"Ode on a Grecian Urn. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2830a2d87534604baa55550dbd6d1ca",
            "input": "Meetings at this event were convened by prayers of Reverend Strong, and this event was satirized by a William Charles cartoon called Leap No Leap in which one of its leaders was jumping into a king's lap. Some attendees of this event were referred to by the term blue lights. Theodore Dwight published a History of this event, while Harrison Gray Otis published Letters in Defense of it. George Cabot served as its president and was a part of its dominant faction, the Essex Junto. This conference sought to amend the Constitution to limit presidents to one term and abolish the three-fifths clause. It was ultimately rendered ineffective by the signing of the Treaty of Ghent. For 10 points, name this meeting of Federalists who opposed the War of 1812, which took place in Connecticut.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d29cc73d736649748ad67ade5d5aaae8",
            "input": "One character in this play receives a large income from the American businessman Ezra Wannafeller for delivering lectures on morality. At the end of this play, the protagonist marries Freddy Eynsford Hill. Another character in this play is a professor of phonetics who wagers his colleague, Colonel Pickering, that he can make a lower-class flower girl named Eliza Doolittle pass as a duchess. For 10 points, name this play by George Bernard Shaw.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2329f47c226c43338de53667bcb507a4",
            "input": "A variation of the Ullman condensation named for Goldberg combines aryl ones with aryl halides in the presence of copper. They are the products in the Staudinger reaction, and one reaction that creates primary ones uses potassium thalamide and hydrazone and can be worked up via the Ing-Manske procedure; this is known as the Gabriel synthesis. Putrescine and spermidine have of several of these groups, and another compound containing this functional group is responsible for the smell of fish. FTP, name these organic compounds that contain a carbon single bonded to a nitrogen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fdbc2b39e8e54734ba2a1021834c4f3a",
            "input": "He used the theories of Albumazar to develop a chronology of history that claimed true prophets arise every 320 years. He also worked on the Elefuga theorem, equivalent to Euclids Bridge of Asses for isosceles triangles, and is alleged to have constructed a robotic head that could speak. He relied on the exploration of Mongol lands by Willem van Rursbroeck for much of the encyclopedia that he presented to Clement IV, the Opus Majus. Analysis of the writings of Peter de Maricourt made this student of Robert Grosseteste an early advocate of empiricism, and his scientific musings made him the first Westerner to describe eyeglasses and the full recipe for gunpowder. FTP, name this English Frnaciscan known as Doctor Mirabilis.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8fcbc6a968f44c0b8f7e63e6e50db50",
            "input": "This author of \"\"On Denoting\"\" described the reasoning behind his atheism in the lecture \"\"Why I Am Not a Christian. \"\" That a set containing all sets not members of themselves cannot be a member of itself is known as this man's paradox. For 10 points, name this English philosopher who collaborated with Alfred North Whitehead on the three volume Principia Mathematica.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8da6d550b55444c09a49429a180509b9",
            "input": "Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin attempted to merge this idea with the work of its formulators through differential opportunity theory. Marco Orru wrote about the ethics of it, and Robert Dubin disputed its harmful effects on society. Originally coined in one sense by Jean-Marie Guyau, it was associated with the urban environment by Louis Wirth. It is said to be impossible whenever inter-dependent organs are sufficiently in contact and sufficiently extensive, and inspired an explanation of deviant behavior known as the strain theory of Robert Merton. Introduced in The Division of Labor in Society, FTP, name this breakdown in individual or social norms first posited by Emile Durkheim.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1116f7d535424f44b16c0ad296e2d66e",
            "input": "One character in this work calls Europe \"a great big auction\" before relating a story about encountering a child prostitute in Marrakech. Dr. Baugh prescribes morphine for that character, who has a sister named \"Miss Sally\" and asks another of this work's characters if \"chasin' poon-tang\" resulted in his sprained ankle. Another character in this play drinks until he hears a \"click\" in his head, is disgusted with the world's \"mendacity\", and never came to terms with Skipper's homosexuality. Mae and Gooper scheme to receive the inheritance of the cancer-stricken Big Daddy in, for 10 points, which play about Brick and Maggie Pollitt, a work of Tennessee Williams",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce89fbfe32834fd588f7f8581fb4ff91",
            "input": "He signed the bail bond for Jefferson Davis after the Civil War. In 1838, Thurlow Weed asked him to edit a Whig newspaper to support Seward's campaign for governor, and he went on to fight for emancipation of the slaves, culminating in his \"The Prayer of Twenty Millions\" editorial. FTP, identify this politician and editor of the New York Tribune, who unsuccessfully ran for President in 1872.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52c3f1d2d9754e918dfa3b7bdb4faef9",
            "input": "One symphonic work by this composer was written for Johann Maelzel's \"Panharmonicon,\" a mechanical contraption that could play military band instruments. Richard Wagner called this composer's frenetic seventh symphony the \"apotheosis of the dance. \" One of his symphonies begins with a short-short-short-long motif that was dubbed \"fate knocking on the door. \" His sixth and third symphonies are the Pastoral and Eroica. For 10 points, name this German composer, whose Choral Ninth Symphony contains a fourth-movement setting of \"Ode to Joy. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd6b3cb4cba94c8da6387a73ecd22b86",
            "input": "A political leader in this state was Herman Husband, who opposed Governor William Tryon. A Supreme Court case associated with this state affirmed that Judge James McMillan's order for busing to achieve racial integration was constitutional. It was the home of the 1771 Battle of Alamance, which put down a rebellion against colonial taxation. It saw a bloody Revolutionary War battle at Guilford Court House and was the site of the Swann case and the War of the Regulation. In 1960, this state saw the first sit-in demonstration at a Woolworth's lunch counter. For 10 points, name this Southern state with such cities as Greensboro and Charlotte.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-075d22255e2141df9f75f4cd0513c451",
            "input": "The third movement of this work begins with the cellos and double basses playing a theme that is eventually repeated in the strings, but played pizzicato. The violas and cellos open with the melody in the second movement, Andante con moto, followed by a second theme played by the clarinets and bassoons, shadowed by the violins. The oboe has a brief solo cadenza before the recapitulation and after the Allegro con brio marking in the first movement, and its third and fourth movements are connected by the repetition of a C in the timpani. Ending with 29 consecutive bars of C major chords, this is, FTP, which symphony whose first movement opens with four notes, which its composer, Beethoven, described as thus fate knocks at the door",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-357371294f60440aa2622c165fc8c244",
            "input": "In the fourth of these poems, a state council discusses how to cook an enormous turbot for an emperor. The second to last of them describes a fight between two Egyptian towns that results in cannibalism. The narrator of the ninth of them responds to the complaints of the male prostitute Naevolus by assuring him that he will always find clients. The third of these poems laments that the Orontes has flowed into the Tiber, and is spoken by Umbricus. The sixth one compares a good woman to a \"\"rara avis,\"\" or \"\"rare bird,\"\" and attacks the deceitfulness of women. The tenth advises that men should pray for \"\"mens sana in corpore sano,\"\" often translated as \"\"a sound mind in a sound body,\"\" and claims that politicians win votes with \"\"bread and circuses. \"\" For 10 points, name these sixteen social commentaries attacking the vices of Rome under Domitian, written by Juvenal.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7f7e76e4d744d1d8965bcff2457046d",
            "input": "One of this man's poems includes the lines, \"\"But I was going to say when Truth broke in/with all her matter of fact about the ice-storm,\"\" while another poem tells the reader to seek a \"\"guide\"\" \"\"who only has at heart your getting lost\"\" to travel through a \"\"town that is no more a town. \"\" In another work, this poet of (*) \"\"Directive\"\" describes an object that \"\"snarled and rattled in the yard,\"\" then \"\"leaped out at the boy's hand, or seemed to leap. \"\" This author of \"\"Out, Out\"\" describes coming across a bent tree, then says \"\"I like to think some boy's been swinging them,\"\" while in another poem wrote about a path that \"\"was grassy and wanted wear. \"\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"\"Birches,\"\" \"\"The Road Not Taken,\"\" and \"\"Mending Wall. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4fb763bfcb7b44f7857f5c564867d16e",
            "input": "His sole piano quartet uses an eleven-tone serial scale, and he wrote the zombie ballet Grohg, whose music was adapted into his Dance Symphony. He used such movements as \"Prairie Night\" and \"Saturday Night Waltz\" in another piece, and a main theme of one of his works comes from the hymn Simple Gifts, depicting a Shaker setting. For 10 points, name this American composer of the ballets Rodeo and Appalachian Spring, as well as Fanfare for the Common Man.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6891e40284784e93a425e47bec580d12",
            "input": "The shore of this body of water holds Tekkekoy Caves dating from the Stone Age in what is now   Samsun Province. This body of water's east coast was the home of the Kingdom of Colchis [KOL-kis]. On its west coast, this connects to Lake Beloslav through Lake Varna. This body's northwestern   ports are Illichivsk and Odessa, and in the northeast this is connected by the Kerch Strait to the Sea  of Azov. Its north coast includes Yalta and Sevastapol on the Crimean Peninsula. To its southwest,  the Bosphorus connects this body of water to the Sea of Marmara. Name this sea surrounded by  Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a32fa537d16c49a7a3758c2eb3f0be3d",
            "input": "One character in this work chides an artists talent by claiming that even though God wrought the painter, the painter is still a filthy piece of work. The protagonist famously claims The suns a thief, and with his great attraction / Robs the vast sea. The servant Flavius is central to this work, and its protagonists truest friend is a cynic named Apemantus. The protagonist pays two women to infect minds and bodies, a band of thieves to plunder, and a poet and painter to destroy flatterers using a deposit of gold he found while digging for roots, which he also uses to finance Alcibiades invasion of his hometown. For ten points, name this work that inspired the title of Pale Fire in which the destitute title character is spurned by his friends and becomes a misanthrope, a Shakespeare play set in Greece.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46dee179f55943e791ad13e23435c2f6",
            "input": "His music for the radio play The City Wears a Slouch Hat was written entirely for percussion, while another work portrayed the tendency towards tranquility found in Indian aesthetic thought. His most notable collection of writings, dedicated \"To Whom it May Concern\", includes a section in which he heard a high-pitched whine in a soundless room, while the notes of his Music for Piano were determined by imperfections in the (*) staff paper. This composer of Sonatas and Interludes wrote a work for twelve radios but may be best known for a three-movement work for solo piano in which the sections are delineated by a stopwatch. For 10 points, identify this author of Silence who used the I Ching to introduce chance effects into compositions such as Imaginary Landscape and Music of Changes but may be best known for his entirely silent 4'33\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95f4a9146cf84ebdbf07dc493167002e",
            "input": "A person by this English name who was a canonized member of the Portuguese royal family settled a dispute between Afonso IV of Portugal and Alfonso XI of Castile, earning her the nickname \"Peacemaker. \" Italian anarchist Lugi Leccheni killed another one, who was the queen consort to Franz Josef in Austria. Another woman of this name made the Golden Speech, put down a rebellion by her servant Robert Devereux, and mandated use of the Book of Common Prayer by the Act of Uniformity, several decades before she was targeted by the Spanish Armada. FTP, name this successor of Mary I and daughter of Henry VIII, who never married.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c18849fdc4ed42b4a57b84b7902e7783",
            "input": "The interior monologue of Rene Descartes as he waits for an eight-day-hatched egg comprises a 100-line poem by this author. The two title characters throw away their raincoats after falling mute at the end of this author's novel Mercier and Camier. The title writer is discussed by an Italian language teacher and the protagonist while the title creature is attacked by a cat in one of this author's stories about Belacqua Shuah, \"Dante and the Lobster. \" In addition to writing the poem, \"Whoroscope,\" stories about Belacqua and the unfinished novel Dream of Fair to Middling Women comprise this author's 1934 collection More Pricks Than Kicks. The names Mahood and \"The Worm\" are given to the narrator of his novel The Unnamable, which concludes a trilogy beginning with Molloy and Malone Dies. For 10 points, name this Irish writer best known for plays like Krapp's Last Tape and Endgame.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c7b0558c76040ccbc6039844540c6ef",
            "input": "He wrote a novel in which Danusia is kidnapped by the titular group, who are later defeated at the Battle of Grunwald. In addition to The Teutonic Knights, he wrote a novel in which Pan Yan spares the life of the villainous Bogun. That novel, set during the Khmelnytsky rebellion, forms a trilogy along with The Deluge and Fire in the Steppe and is entitled With Fire and Sword. His most famous novel features such historical figures as Petronius and Tigellinus as well as fictitious characters such as Marcus Vinicius and Ligia, and takes place during the Christian persecutions under Nero. For 10 points, name this Polish author of Quo Vadis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbdd8131c81040c9842828b52d81083f",
            "input": "piece of legislation originally intended as an amendment to this law changed the structure of an organization so that its general counsel would be appointed by the President, twelve years after this law's passage. The prevention of practices outlined in this legislation's eighth section was entrusted by its tenth section to a federal entity whose constitutionality was the subject of the Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation decision two years after this bill's passage. The core of this legislation came from section 7a of a previous act that had been ruled unconstitutional in the Schechter decision, the NIRA, and much of the pro-union effect of this act was eviscerated over Harry Truman's veto by the Taft-Hartley Act. FTP, identify this 1935 piece of legislation named for a New York senator, which prohibited certain unfair labor practices and set up the National Labor Relations Board.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-16bcc2cd5bab4e63a54e3645d2627448",
            "input": "The original score of this work contained a pas de deux by Leon Minkus not found in the more common Drigo score. The male protagonist of this ballet hunts with his friend Benno and receives a crossbow on his birthday from his mother the Queen who demands that he find a wife. This ballet's female lead has been cursed by a man who can transform into an owl, and falls in love with that prince in the woods. At the ball in its third act, Von Rothbart switches that woman for his daughter Odile, who seduces Sigfried in the place of Odette, who later drowns herself in the titular body of water. For 10 points, name this ballet by Tchaikovsky about a woman turned into the titular bird.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec65c732c59741b3b9d11fdde1ea12ef",
            "input": "One of his works argues that rationality is the core of all reality, and states that there is no reality besides that which is shaped by the mind; a condensed version of this work can be found in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences. One of his works divides the title concept into abstract, moral and ethical spheres, and posits the idea that free will can only be realized in systems of property rights and contracts. In addition to the aforementioned Science of Logic, another work relies on the thesis-antithesis-synthesis method, and includes discussions of Absolute Knowing and the master-slave dialectic. FTP, name this German philosopher and author of The Philosophy of Right and Phenomenology of Mind.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89938690bb8b45b58639f2af905b3de1",
            "input": "The treaty concluding it included the Hatti-Humayun charter, which completed the Tanzimat reforms. It was precipitated when one side demanded recognition of its rights by way of the Treaty of Kchk Kainarji, pressed by Prince Menshikov. Defeat at Rutchuk and the breaking of the siege of Silistria coupled with threats of Austrian action alone the Danube led to a Russian withdrawal from that theater. The \"massacre of Sinope\" encouraged British and French intervention, but better known is the 11-month siege of Sebastopol. Best known for the Battle of Balaklava, memorialized in Lord Tennyson's \"Charge of the Light Brigade\", this is, FTP, what 1853-56 war, named for a Ukrainian peninsula in the Black Sea.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aeafa85c552a43528e757f6a71db63c1",
            "input": "In one of this composer's works, the pianist's right hand constantly plays octave tremolos in the movement \"Con mortuis in lingua morta.\" This composer used a drone G-Sharp in a six-eight movement of that work to depict an \"Old Castle.\" Octave E-Flat major scales imitate bells in the last movement of that work by this composer, depicting \"The Great Gate of Kiev.\" Ravel orchestrated that suite by this composer, which includes several versions of its first movement, \"Promenade.\" For 10 points, name this member of the Mighty Five, the Russian composer of Pictures at an Exhibition.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0d05d8449cc4dc598499ce3fe3be631",
            "input": "First proposed by Lewis, it is related logarithmically to a gas's standard Gibbs free energy divided by the temperature and gas constant. At equilibrium, this quantity must be equal in both gas and liquid phases. Taking the derivative of the natural log of this function is equates it to the derivative of a reaction's chemical potential. Equal to the gas' pressure when the gas is ideal, FTP, identify this thermodynamic quantity which replaces partial pressure when working with real gases and describes the tendency of a substance to escape from its current phase, symbolized by f.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63103782aa1d4c7eb292cae51d1abe67",
            "input": "Minor characters include Marie Tomlinson, a secretary, and Mr. Macmillan, who meets the protagonist on a ship traveling home. After being given the opportunity to study law in England via scholarship from the Umuofia Progressive Union, the main character decides to study English instead and eventually lands a job under William Green at the Civil Service. However complications arise when the main character's mother, Hannah, threatens to commit suicide if he marries his osu girlfriend Clara. Clara reveals herself to be pregnant, and after her abortion she breaks up with the protagonist who is depressed and begins to accept bribes. FTP, this describes the plot of what novel centering on Obi Okonkwo, Chinua Achebe's sequel to Things Fall Apart",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07c7558f873d4ab5bca9a393b70f8ea5",
            "input": "To rebuke Luther, he appeared before the Diet of Worms. In 1522, his teacher Adrian of Utrecht became pope -- not surprising, since this man had used funds from the Fugger bankers to secure the throne as Holy Roman Emperor over his main rival Francis I. He claimed to speak \"Spanish to God, French to men, Italian to women, and German to my horse,\" and captured Halq al-Wadi and Tunis, but could not defeat the pirate Barbarossa. FTP, name this Hapsburg monarch, the son of Philip the Handsome and Joanna the Mad.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43f75ec60fff49649bb684ddbcd5a1bd",
            "input": "Klapzubas Eleven, about an invincible soccer team, was written by Eduard Bass, an author from this country. Another author from this country created a work in which Captain von Toch discovers its titular intelligent reptiles, as well as one which popularized a word invented by that authors brother Josef which ends with Primus and Helena developing feelings. Teresa, Sabina, and Franz interact with the Communist-criticizing surgeon Tomas in another work from this country. War With the Newts, R.U.R., and The Unbearable Lightness of Being are all works from, for 10 points, which country, home to Karel Capek [CHA-pek], Milan Kundera, and former president Vaclav Havel",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4fcaff82944a4ff4b88b1bfdce5763d1",
            "input": "On the night before this battle, one side attempted to launch a sneak attack at Nairn whilst the other side was celebrating the birthday of its commander, while during the battle itself the losing commander's bodyguard supposedly shouted \"Run, you Italian coward!\". It followed an unsuccessful attempt to capture Stirling Castle on one side and the inability of General Hawley to secure a clearcut victory for the opposing side. The bayonet tactics of the victors were what made the difference in this battle which lasted less than an hour, perhaps thanks to George Murray no longer being in command of the Highland forces during it. The Duke of Cumberland had \"See the Conquering Hero Comes\" written in honor of his triumph in this battle. It followed Falkirk and was the final clash in the \"Forty Five Rebellion\". FTP, name this 1746 battle, the last fought on British soil, in which the Jacobites under Bonnie Prince Charlie were decisively defeated.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e15e98967a7c49f2b7867441570a301d",
            "input": "A sexually dimorphic form of Pied Wheatear nests on this island. The city of Amathus was the last stronghold of this island's native language, which seems to have been spoken by a king named Purwos. An early disaster on this island resulted in the abandonment of the city of Enkomi, the site of a sanctuary to the \"Ingot God.\" Michael Katzev excavated a Hellenistic cargo ship wrecked off this island and usually named for the Kyrenia mountain range that forms its northern coast. The two British sovereign base areas of Dhekelia and Akrotiri are located on this island, which was the home of the EOKA resistance movement and Archbishop Makarios. For 10 points, the Green Line divides what island in the Eastern Mediterranean between Greek and Turkish speakers",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2432b654b366437e91f7a1afe3758ac6",
            "input": "Two-dimensional applications of this technique include J-resolved, which accounts for J-coupling; and COSY, which relies on the application of two 90-degree pulses to a spin system. Its occurrence relies on the strength of the magnetic field, the frequency of absorption, and the gyromagnetic ratio of the proton in question. First observed in 1946 by Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell, this phenomenon is based on the precession of a proton as it is exposed to two magnetic fields, thereby indicating the presence of particular compounds in its namesake spectroscopy. FTP, identify this chemistry phenomenon that forms the basis for MRI.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-956424740b21469fa8ab0e6e225b44f7",
            "input": "The Samborombon bay is found at the mouth of this river, and the Matanza river empties into it. On its northern bank lies the city of Colonia del Sacramento. Its navigable part is called the Canal Punto Indio, and the Isla Martin Garcia is also located in this river. The province of Entre Rios is located at the formation of this river near the confluence of the Uruguay and the Parana rivers. For 10 points, identify this river, which forms a big estuary at its mouth in the Atlantic, and on whose banks lie Montevideo and Buenos Aires.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac1a32f5d4014aceb12b1d21ddb21399",
            "input": "In one battle, this leader blew up all the bridges on the Neretva River to thwart forces under Alexander Lohr, and he was the target of Operation Knight's Leap. This leader signed the Treaty of Vis with Ivan Subasi. Fitzroy Maclean was this man's British liaison, and this ruler fought against the Ustasha and his nemesis Draza Mihailovi, leader of the Nazi-collaborationist Chetnik movement. This man put down the Croatian Spring, and his denial of the COMINFORM began the Informbiro period, part of his feud with Stalin. For 10 points, name this leader of the Non-Aligned Movement and dictator of Yugoslavia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78b2e56b740943e08640526e1f124e08",
            "input": "One figure in this religion wears three wedding bands to symbolize her marriages to Agwe, Dumballah, and Ogoun. In addition to Erzulie, one figure in this religion is represented by a cross over a tomb and is named Ghede. Gods in this religion are called \"loa\" and this religion's god of the Earth is named Papa Legba. (*) For 10 points, name this religion that originated in Haiti, famous for its namesake dolls.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78d650b52ea44a68a1a9819b238249f3",
            "input": "It initially attracted followers by the promise to share all property in common and its armies were divided into separate men and women's divisions. It was contemporaneous with the Nien Rebellion, which was put down after the defeat of this revolt. Frederick Townsend Ward and Charles Gordon, who commanded the Ever Victorious Army, were instrumental in suppressing this revolt led by a Hakka peasant named Hong Xiuquan (shiu-chuan), who claimed that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ. For ten points, name this conflict during which the Qing Dynasty fought against the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be149ffbb3544b3da65456fd7cab345f",
            "input": "The composer of these works created some new material for a piano four-hands version of the second released before the last four, which were added from 1882 to 1885. The first with a subtitle is called \"Hrode-lgiaque\" while the one in E-flat major, the ninth, is known as \"The Carnival of Pest. \" The entire collection of nineteen has Rabbe number 106 and Berlioz set a scene in their namesake location to incorporate the fifteenth, in A minor, in The Damnation of Faust. FTP, name this set of solo piano pieces, Searle 244; the best-known works of Franz Liszt, named for his country of origin.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53d0738446e74edca3fed2e2f321ccc9",
            "input": "This city's largest synagogue, Neve Shalom, is located in the Galata district and was inaugurated by its Hahambashi. A sizable Sephardic population arrived in this city after being rescued from Spain by Kemal Reis. The first mosque in this city was built on the foundations of the Church of the Holy Apostles and is now known as the Fatih Mosque. Another mosque in this city is partially supported by columns called \"elephant's feet\" and was built after the Peace of Zsitvatorok by Ahmed I. That mosque's best known name comes from its interior color. The most famous church in this city is the located near a church that has a large, pendentive-supportive dome, and is the home of the Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church. For 10 points, name this city that is home to the Blue Mosque and the Hagia Sophia Church, the former capital of Turkey.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-670922f1c6d542abbedf633a26c57e05",
            "input": "In one short story by this author, a wheelchair-ridden old man criticizes white-collar workers, while his wife is captivated by a hare-lipped man who drives by in a Holden. A character in one of his dramas would like to devour the world, and keep it warm inside, while the action of one of his novels is divided between two twin brothers, one of whom kicked the other out of the library while reading The Brothers Karamazov. One of his dramas focuses on three homes on Mildred Street in the fictional suburb of Sarsaparilla, and he recounted much of his life in Flaws in the Glass: A Self-Portrait. For ten points, identify the Australian winner of the 1973 Nobel Prize for Literature and author of The Ham Funeral, Tree of Man, and Voss.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b411c64a586e4ccfad7cd75ff6d7b526",
            "input": "This man wrote the novels Phantom and Atlantis. This man adapted a Shakespearean drama into his own Hamlet in Wittenberg, while he also wrote Peter Brauer , Magnus Garbe , and Engelmann (*). One of this man's works decried the labor conditions of the titular Silesian workers, who continually have their wages slashed. A survivor of the firebombing of Dresden, for ten points, identify this dramatist awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912, a German who wrote The Weavers.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a6fdf56720d84f58bd9a705f60966689",
            "input": "This man begins one novel by noting, \"I am a sick man. I am a spiteful man.\" In addition to Notes from Underground, he wrote novels about the epileptic Prince Myshkin (MISH-kin) and the axe murderer Raskolnikov (rahs-KOL-nih-kahv). Those books, The Idiot and Crime and Punishment, were written before a novel in which Dmitri, the oldest of four brothers, apparently murders his father. For 10 points, name this Russian author of The Brothers Karamazov.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74e87a09e34d4421b95bdbf0d832d9f3",
            "input": "This artist depicted a mythological figure with black wings and a stake in his right hand and holding a piece of paper in his right hand while raising his left hand to his face, in his paintings Cupid as a Link Boy and Venus Chiding Cupid. In one of his portraits, Augustus Keppel takes the pose of Apollo Belvedere. He painted Colonel Acland and Lord Sydney wearing contrasting colors of green and yellow while preparing to (*) fire their bows in a forested area. In a more famous painting, this artist depicted an English actress sitting on a throne playing the role of Melpomene, while the figures of Pity and Terror stand behind her. For 10 points, name this English artist of Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse, the first president of the Royal Academy.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1acecceff2b74361a9458b6dde194594",
            "input": "In the first stanza of this poem, the author tells his beloved that \"the last age should show your heart\" after their passions subside. The speaker's desire runs so deep that he would love her \"ten years before the flood,\" but she could, \"if [she] please, refuse / Till the conversion of the Jews. \" The second stanza expresses the author's angst about the future, when \"Thy beauty shall no more be found,\" so he comes back to suggest that they \"roll all [their] strength and all / [Their] sweetness up into one ball\" near the end. Opening with the conjecture \"Had we but world enough, and time,\" FTP name this poem in which the author hears \"Time's winged chariot hurrying near,\" the most famous work of Andrew Marvell.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9ed1dd4b0ec4ce3824f13a7ac5b9d43",
            "input": "At the end of this novel, Russells grandmother gives him a dime to buy an ice cream cone after thinking about her sons death. In its third section, reverend Duncan McMillan fails to pardon another character from Death Row when Orville Mason exploits that characters sensational trial to further his political career. In its second section, the protagonist moves to Lycurgus and impregnates his mistress before leaving her for the rich, exciting socialite Sondra Finchley. The drowning of Roberta Alden in Big Bittern Lake results in the execution of Clyde Griffiths in, for 10 points, what 1925 novel by Theodore Dreiser",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18191a09945d4b709f5e877c931aa3e4",
            "input": "During this conflict, the Battle of Ramillies was won by the Duke of Marlborough. Tallard was defeated by Eugene of Savoy at the Battle of Blenheim during this war. Louis XIV refused to remove his grandson during negotiations to end this conflict. The Habsburg Charles II appointed a Bourbon as heir to the throne, which sparked this conflict because of the competing claim of Charles of Austria. For 10 points, name this war that was ended by the Peace of Utrecht after which Philip V became king of a certain Iberian nation.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e50dedd5af014fadb516b4daf747c428",
            "input": "This material loses effectiveness after an action called girdling, which leads to tissue death. Ernst Munch proposed that this material works via the pressure flow hypothesis. This material consists of parenchymal, sieve-tube, and companion cells. In trees, this material is found in the inner bark, which is why its name derives from the Greek for \"\"bark. \"\" (*) For 10 points, name this living vascular material that transports nutrients within a plant, contrasted with the water-carrying xylem.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bab9892c03db4c2f916878af6f78dc09",
            "input": "Idyll and Songs of Farewell were written with the help of Eric Fenby. His opera Irmelin never became as popular as his Legen for violin and orchestra, which were composed following his move to Leipzig in 1886, where Edvard Greig first encouraged him. He first gained popularity in England, via works like Brigg Fair and the orchestral interlude, 'A Walk to Paradise Garden,' which were promoted by Thomas Beecham. Later compositions include Sea Drift and Mass of Life, but he is more remembered for the orchestral suite Florida and the tone poem On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring. FTP, identify this one time orange planter, the English composer of A Village Romeo and Juliet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d59da5e5272b4933a5585db21c0abf2c",
            "input": "This author's late works include a monograph about male domination and Pascalian Meditations, and he argued that life is composed of overlapping but autonomous \"fields. \" He redefined Husserl's concept of \"doxa\" as the beliefs a society takes for granted, and posited that individuals are shaped by a set of dispositions he termed a \"habitus\" in Outline of a Theory of Practice. This author of On Television theorized that social status is determined by the axes of economic capital, social capital, and cultural capital, and argued that differences in taste are used to legitimize social differences in his major work, which is subtitled \"a social critique of the judgment of taste. \" For twenty points, name this contemporary French sociologist, the author of Distinction.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-36df325c2d514718ba3dec9012df6cf2",
            "input": "He lends his name to an alternate name for deuteranopia, and a period of low solar activity from 1790 to 1830 is called his namesake minimum. He independently discovered the Hadley cell by analyzing his extensive meteorological diary. The basis of stoichiometry was established by his law of multiple proportions. One theory that he is credited with discovering states that the namesake particles cannot be subdivided; though that postulate was incorrect, it was some of the first insights into atomic theory. Name this man, who gives his name to the law of partial pressures and the atomic mass unit.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d35d3bf75da4cd68978d8cbe865c894",
            "input": "This book includes the character Margaret Saville, who is addressed in letters throughout the book. One character in this book reads Plutarch's Lives while simultaneously observing the lives of the De Laceys, who live in a cottage. The protagonist's friend Henry Clerval and his wife Elizabeth are (*) murdered in this book by a character who flees to the North Pole. That character had earlier forced Victor to make him a companion after that character had been rejected by everyone it met due to its hideousness. For ten points, name this book by Mary Shelley where the title scientist creates a monster out of human body parts.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4893784273604fe6842940a064207b73",
            "input": "Its 42nd chapter, entitled Vanished into the Clouds, is left blank, implying the title character's death. Earlier, the title character contemplates the transience of life after the death of his wife, who wished to become a nun after her husband married the Third Princess. Throughout his life, the main character engages in many affairs with different women, including his half-brother's (*) concubine and his stepmother, with whom he fathers the future emperor. Very few of the characters are given an explicit name, so modern readers keep track of them using nicknames based on, for example, the color of the character's clothing. FTP, name this Heian period work written by Japanese noblewoman Murasaki Shikibu, considered by some to be the first novel.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a959c777b6304231ac00bc2be88da6ec",
            "input": "When he died of a ruptured appendix in 1925, he was only 43, but he had already achieved great acclaim. In fact, he was memorialized by the Metropolitan Museum of Art less than a year after his death. A devotee of Robert Henri, he was noted for his dramatic interpretations of common life, especially in New York City, where he helped organize the Armory Show of 1913. FTP name the painter of Forty-Two Kids, Matinicus, and such prize-fighting scenes as Stag at Sharkey's.\t\t",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0caf9602a4e43e6a6096cf813a41849",
            "input": "A mutation in the enzyme catalyzing the final step of its biosynthesis gives rise to Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, while its presence in plasma is measured by the Lieberman-Burchard test. The SREBP transcription factors are regulated by this molecule. One step of its biosynthesis sees the creation of a certain 2,3-epoxide, which then cyclizes, and it is sometimes stored in chylomicrons. Farnesyl pyrophosphate and squalene are intermediates in that process and that pathway begins with the condensation of three acetyl coAs to yield HMG-CoA, which is reduced to mevalonate. That step is regulated by drugs called statins. For 10 points, identify this ubiquitous steroid that can cause atherosclerosis when bound to lipoproteins.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47e76e9b04384e1483ecab71d3aedb70",
            "input": "Some atrocities in this country were publicized by Eugene Schuyler and Januarius MacGahan. One leader from this country deposed the Latin Emperor Baldwin in Constantinople; that man was Kaloyan of the Asen dynasty. This country with a former capital at Tarnovo was also the location of the 'April Uprising' which kicked off the (*) Russo-Turkish War of 1876-77. William Gladstone wrote a booklet titled for the \"Horrors\" here and \"the Question of the East.\" This country's Tsar Boris III protected his Jewish subjects during World War II, and one medieval predecessor of this country was brutally subjugated by the Byzantine emperor Basil II. For 10 points, name this country once led by the Communist leader Todor Zhivkov, from its capital of Sofia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-601b31be350d4b72963ad192433edabb",
            "input": "In punishment for making love in an area sacred to Zeus she and her husband are turned into lions. In one tradition she is the daughter of the Boeotian Schoeneus and in the other the daughter of the Arcadian Iasus. Cared for by a bear after being exposed as a child, her own son, Parthenopaeus, was one of the Seven Against Thebes. She is most associated with two men, one of whom gave her a prize which indirectly caused his death and the other of whom used three golden apples to win her in marriage. FTP, name this huntress who helped Meleager kill the Calydonian boar and who was beaten by Hippomenes in a footrace.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0ce930ca5f14049a6b392c605fdf901",
            "input": "The Fuke sect of this religion practices suizen, while some sects of this religion practice a loud belly chant known as the katsu. Guiyang, Linji, Caodong, Yunmen, and Fayan are known as the \"Five Houses\" of this religion, and it was founded by a man originally named Bodhitara. Shikantaza and the Zenshuji mission are commonly associated with the Soto sect of this religion, and kinhin, sesshin, and zazen are the most common forms of meditation in this religion. For 10 pointsname this religion, founded by Bodhidharma, which has produced a large amount of paradoxical stories and sayings, known as koans.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b68f0f793c9e49ed80926b1c23f28002",
            "input": "This river contains Csepel Island and Belene Island, and the city of Sulina lies at its mouth. This river receives the Naab and Regen in Regensburg, and its primary sources are the Breg and Brigach Rivers. The Devin Castle dominates the landscape of the area where this river receives the Morava. This river receives the Tisza and Sava Rivers, and in 2010(*) toxic sludge from Hungary contaminated its waters. Rising in the Black Forest, this is, for 10 points, what river that passes through Belgrade and Budapest before emptying into the Black Sea",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4713be91b97a49deb4db5d0fb421a698",
            "input": "Apparent supraluminal motion in this object was recently resolved by radiation hydrodynamical considerations, in light of the thirty-three-microsecond source at its center. It was determined in 1973 to be six thousand, three hundred light-years away, which gives it an apparent magnitude of negative three point two. About ten light-years in diameter, it was misclassified in 1919 and William Herschel originally thought it was a stellar system that could be resolved with larger telescopes. The inner part of this body appears bluish and emits synchrotron radiation. It also contains NP0532, a pulsar, and an x-ray source, Taurus X-1. FTP, identify this body independently discovered by Bevis and Messier; the nebula resulting from the 1054 supernova, designated M1.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37f8247c886247eab241d9f42c82f554",
            "input": "Three objects known by this term are collectively used to represent spin operators are named after Wolfgang Pauli. Calcium is deposited in an area of bone tissue known by this term, which generally describes any part of tissue that does not contain cells and also describes a part of the mitochondrion where the Krebs Cycle occurs. In mathematics, objects denoted by this term can only be multiplied if the number of columns in the first equals the number of rows in the second. For 10 points, name these rectangular arrays of numbers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58f322f1faf14822ba33b457f488e2a8",
            "input": "The lowermost portion of this region has maintained its name from Keith Bullen's nomenclature; it is known as D double prime and is the likely source of the Gutenberg discontinuity. Some of its notable features are formed by heat rising in diapirs and may create flood basalts, and the Morgan type of them is strongly influenced by a liquid layer beneath this. Its upper portions are rich in olivine and comprise the asthenosphere. For 10 points, name this layer of the earth that produces plumes, found below the Moho discontinuity from the crust.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ef165cf063748979865ead43d40d665",
            "input": "The first English author to discuss it specifically may have been John Hales, in his A Discourse on the Commonweal of this Realm of England, though in the 19th century H. D. Macleod named it for a contemporary of Hales. Later in the 19th century Robert Giffen argued that its namesake didn't understand the importance of bimetallism, while William Stanley Jevons claimed, on its basis, that Herbert Spencer's arguments about private coinage were flawed. Its namesake enunciated this principle in the 16th century in response to the \"Great Debasements\" introduced by the predecessors to Queen Elizabeth. FTP, name this principle which states that bad money drives good money out of circulation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2487e1a421c468a8ff09822ebe65f18",
            "input": "Each of the leaves on the right side of this painting has a gold spine and outline and the tree trunks are highlighted with short diagonal lines of gold. The scene is meant to be set off of Paphos in Cyprus, explaining the orange grove on the right. Rose blossoms with golden hearts float in the air on the left, while one of the Horae holds a robe up for the titular figure on the right. Zephyrus and Chloris are aloft at the left and blow that figure toward the shore. FTP, identify this depiction of a Roman goddess emerging from a scallop shell, a masterwork of Sandro Botticelli.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d28da4fb55394919ab308abc0ba83a1b",
            "input": "Fazlur Khan's DeWitt Plaza in this city popularized the tubular design used in the World Trade Center, while prior to winning the commission for New York's Flatiron Building, Burnham and Root designed the Monadnock and Masonic Temple buildings in this city. Sarrinen lost the bid for a building in this city that features art deco sculptures by Chambellan and chunks of famous world buildings imbedded in the walls. To deal with the soft clay beneath the site of one building in this city, a floating raft of railroad ties was used as the foundation for the (*) Auditorium Building, co-designed by Dankmar Adler. The firm behind the Dubai's Burj Khalifa, Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, has designed notable buildings here, while Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate stands near Gehry's Millenium Park in this city, home to Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House. The namesake of a school promoted by Louis Sullivan, for 10 points, name this home to the Hancock Center and Sears Tower.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5dbbdada33134e799b66712af34ee72e",
            "input": "The ancient name of a river in this modern-day country is the origin of the word \"pheasant.\" A person called a tamada pronounces toasts at this country's supra dinners, during which you can eat lobiani bean bread and sulguni cheese. Men in this country traditionally wear the Chokha. The alluvial deposits of this country's Inguri and Rioni rivers form the Kolkhida Lowland, known to classical geographers as Colchis. This country's biggest port is Batumi, located in the autonomous region of Adjara. This country claims a region to the northwest governed from Sukhumi, and it is known as Sakartvelo in its native language. This country still claims possession of two breakaway regions lost in 2008: South Ossetia and Abkhazia. For 10 points, name this Caucasian country with capital Tbilisi.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c94730b776ef4fa39af41faa8cf2799c",
            "input": "A white wrapped bouquet of flowers is on the ground next to a little girl, who is smelling flowers and sitting next to her mother. A dog with a cross on its collar frolics near the bottom of this painting, and next to it is a small monkey on a leash. A man in a top hat sits on a (*) shore in this painting next to a blue-capped man smoking a pipe, and he's clutching a curved cane, while in the distance a boat contains four white clad people rowing, which is shown under the arching branches of the several trees that frame the top of this painting. Several of the people in this painting have umbrellas, but none of them have defined faces. For ten points, identify this Pointilist depiction of a social gathering in the title location, which was executed by Georges Seurat.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b8cdbc0f36dd4e1baab40d401da88b81",
            "input": "In 2007, Jain et al. reported a new class of organic magnets incorporating this element complexed to DDQ, TCNE, and TCNQ, and this metal works with SIPr to catalyze the cycloaddition of diynes to produce pyridines, isocyanates, and esters. One hypothesis for the Oxygen Catastrophe 2. 4 billion years ago was a famine named for this element, since it appears in as the key cofactor for methane production in methanogens, and it also appears in the active site of the human enzyme urease. Often complexed to cyclooctadiene, or cod, this element can be purified by reaction with Syngas and carbon monoxide to generate the namesake tetracarbonyl, sometimes known as liquid death, in the Mond process. For 10 points, name this element, the primary component of Raney catalysts, which appears to the right of cobalt on the periodic table, with symbol Ni.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7fe8ba68cdb1432b912ee9ef73637c0a",
            "input": "According to one story, this figure founded a city when his efforts in digging up a mushroom revealed a spring. That city was ruled by Electryon and Sthenelus, members of a namesake dynasty he founded. When this ruler was unable to assume the throne of Argos, he traded realms with Megapenthes. This man was sent on a quest by a king of Seriphus named (*) Polydectes during which he stole the tooth and eye of the Graeae. He rescued the daughter of Cassiopea and Cepheus from a sea monster before taking that girl, Andromeda, as his wife. His mother Danae was locked in a tower by King Acrisius to avoid a prophecy, but he was conceived by Zeus in the form a stream of gold. For 10 points, name this hero who used winged sandals and the helmet of invisibility to slay Medusa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b81229cc2484775bd1c161404995813",
            "input": "This country's national day celebrates the establishment of a settlement at Port Jackson. This country's highest point is named after a Polish general in the American Revolution, while its lowest point is located in its largest lake, Lake (*) Eyre. In its southwest is a vast, nearly treeless area known as the Nullarbor Plain. One province in this country, which was formerly known as Van Diemen's Land, is the island of Tasmania, and major cities in this country include Darwin and Perth. For 10 points, name this country whose capital is Canberra.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c216baa0ce4644608de0e04900036868",
            "input": "This thinker called everything that is true of an individual substance at a particular time its \"complete concept.\" Ramon Llull's Ars Magna inspired this man's plans for an \"alphabet of human thought.\" This deviser of the predicate-in-notion principle has a namesake \"law\" concerning the identity of indiscernibles. This thinker replaced causation with his idea of \"pre-established harmony.\" This author of a refutation of Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding and a Discourse on Metaphysics used the principle of sufficient reason to address the problem of evil in his Theodicy. For 10 points, name this German polymath who believed in immaterial windowless unities called monads, and wrote that God must have created the best possible world before co-discovering calculus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f85e0fd89614f559d25daa6a880a58b",
            "input": "This thinker derisively claimed \"\"the libertarian is the only believer in causation\"\" at the opening of his early essay \"\"The Ego as Cause. \"\" In other works, he wrote a chapter entitled \"\"The United States, Incorporated\"\" which imagined corporate takeover, and wrote about the \"\"free play of intelligence. \"\" He advocated making \"nature and the science of nature the willing servants of human good,\"\" and stated that communication is the key to turning the \"Great Society\" into a \"Great Community. \"\" His namesake Commission included men like Carleton Beals and investigated Soviet charges against Leon Trotsky. This author of \"What Humanism Means to Me\" wrote the previous book to rebut the claims of Walter Lippmann, who held that \"\"the public\"\" was a phantom. FTP, name this author of The Quest for Certainty, an American philosopher who wrote all kinds of works on democracy and education.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c13048dbe38420aa7997bdc547ef675",
            "input": "An author from this country wrote a book in which the title character is contrasted with his half-brother Mort and kills the Newby family. In addition to The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith, an author from this country wrote of a titular artist named Hurtle Duffield Courtney and a titular German explorer who dies while trekking in this country. Those works, The Vivisector and Voss, were written by Patrick White, an author from this country. FTP, name this country, the setting of the Peter Carey work Oscar and Lucinda, which documents an attempt to move a glass church into the outback.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84a3232140fc45a394c23fee1bc00e2e",
            "input": "This man co-sponsored a 1984 act with Bill Nichols which consolidated the military command structure, and sued Jimmy Carter for nullifying the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty. He began his senate career by defeating the incumbent majority leader Ernest McFarland, but he replaced Carl Hayland the next time he ran for senate. He chose William Miller as his vice-presidential candidate, and himself ran as vice-president in 1960, the year in which he wrote Conscience of a Conservative. FTP, name this conservative icon, who lost the landslide 1964 election to Lyndon Johnson, a Republican dude from Arizona.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7773579a860749e0b70ed7317bb359ae",
            "input": "Nader El-Biziri's Being at Home Among Things examines this philosopher's argument that in dwelling on earth we inhabit the poetic rather than the scientific, an argument outlined in this man's Building Dwelling Thinking. Theodor Adorno criticized his work in Jargon of Authenticity, and Nikolas Kompridis formulated reflective disclosure as an extension of this philosopher's assertion that humans assign meaning to things based on the context in which they learn about them. He used a Greek temple as an example of something that has lost the ability to effect the struggle between \"Earth\" and \"World\" in a work that discusses a pair of boots painted by Van Gogh. More famously, this author of The Origin of the Work of Art differentiated \"being\" from \"a being\" and described the uniquely human condition of Dasein. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote Being and Time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4d091de95ef45049dcb93eb5b1197d4",
            "input": "This artist painted the Virgin reading a book while St. John and the infant Christ play with a bird in Madonna of the Goldfinch. This artist was commissioned to paint frescoes, such as Disputation Over the Holy Sacrament, in the so called Stanza della Signatura. In one painting by this artist, a figure in blue sprawls on the steps while Euclid teaches geometry and Socrates lectures while Alexander the Great looks on. That painting depicts Plato and Aristotle arguing in the title location. For 10 points, name this painter of The School of Athens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53506ddd59914052b9361a6f0cf9228f",
            "input": "In one essay, this man argued that Rome's executive stability was hampered by having two consuls. He used his own money to hush up the husband of his mistress Maria Reynolds. This politician used funding-at-par and assumption of states' debts, which he argued for in his \"Report on the Public Credit\". This New Yorker, born in the West Indies, strongly advocated for the First Bank of the United States at its creation and authored a majority of the Federalist papers. For 10 points, name this man shot dead by Aaron Burr in a duel, who served as the first Secretary of the Treasury and now graces the 10-dollar bill.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5dbf07dce4dd478dba773d9372908852",
            "input": "The agent that causes this disease can be transported in the Cary-Blair medium, and it is often diagnosed by plating it onto TCBS medium and looking for yellow colonies. Its namesake enterotoxin ADP-ribosylates a G-protein linked to adenylate cyclase, causing a massive increase in cAMP concentration and opening of chloride channels. Epidemiologist John Snow traced the origin of one outbreak in Westminster, and its causative agent was isolated by Filippo Pacini. Cystic fibrosis is thought to confer a heterozygote advantage against, FTP, this disease, caused by a gram negative vibrio bacterium, which leads to massive dehydration and diarrhea and is transmitted through contaminated water.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-977385fd1534480ca853704d007a19d2",
            "input": "Its final stanza is hurled out in E flat major, over a concluding fortissimo in the orchestra supplemented by organ, deep bells, and ten horns. After its introduction, the composer felt it necessary to call for a five-minute pause before the start of the second movement, a minuet. The following movement is based on a setting of the song \"St. Anthony of Padua's Sermon to the Fish,\" but it is the final movement, which is characterized by the chorus intoning the command \"Arise,\" that gives this work its name. FTP, name this symphony based on a Friedrich Klopstock ode and composed by Gustav Mahler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56ee5b21385745b4a49a3128563bab41",
            "input": "A key point in this opera follows the singing of \"Voce di donna, o d'angelo\" in the first act, after which a rosary is given to a masked woman which is later recognized by the title character in the second act. She and the woman to whom the rosary was given then sing the duet \"L'amo come il fulgor del creato. \" In the final act, a theme from act three is heard, and it is then recognized just how important that rosary was. That rosary had allowed title character to help her erstwhile rival drink a sleeping potion instead of poison. In act three while that same theme was heard, it allowed Laura to escape the plans of her husband Alvise and join her lover Enzo, even though it means Enzo must forsake the title character who in turn promises to deliver herself to the lust of Barnaba. Based loosely on a novel by Victor Hugo, for 10 points, name this opera perhaps most famous for another tune from act three, the \"Dance of the Hours,\" with music composed by Amilcare Ponchielli.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92c7ec2a895e4b779bb8043373395c6c",
            "input": "The most common methods for their preparation are treatment of halohydrins with aqueous base, and oxidation of alkenes with peroxycarboxylic acids. The simplest member is used as a chemical sterilant, and its reaction with Grignard reagents is a convenient way to lengthen a carbon chain by two atoms. Their high strain makes them highly reactive, and they undergo ring-opening reactions with a variety of nucleophiles. Containing an oxygen atom in a three-member ring, FTP, name these cyclic ethers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-529c3000fbeb41ce89d308c26433bca7",
            "input": "This 1874 novel, originally published serially in the Corn Hill Magazine, was its author's first commercial success. The main action of the novel takes place in the area surrounding Norcombe Hill and the village of Weatherbury in Wessex. In a tragedy that clears the path for a happy ending, Farmer Boldwood shoots Sergeant Troy and is subsequently jailed. For 10 points-name the Thomas Hardy novel revolving around the relationship between the steadfast farmer Gabriel Oak and the independent Bathsheba Everdene whose title reflects Hardy's theme of avoiding an urban lifestyle.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2cf513400f044db6b7568324ccbcc585",
            "input": "Rulers of this empire never held absolute power due to the council of Gbara. One ruler of this empire was assisted by his general Tiramakhan and set his capital at the city of Niani. According to legend, this empire was founded after a battle in which an arrow deprived (*) Sumanguru of his magic powers. A later ruler of this empire underwent an extremely extravagant hajj to Mecca and ruled as Mansa Musa. For ten points, name this African empire that conquered Ghana and was founded by Sundiata Keita.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a6b8c568429f4c76865769c00ce1e773",
            "input": "His first volume of short stories included one set on St. John's Eve, one set on Christmas Eve, and one set on a May night, the last of which is subtitled \"The Drowned Maiden. \"    His second volume of short stories included \"Viy,\" \"Old-World Landowners,\" and a story about a quarrel between Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich. Though he used the pseudonym V. Alov to publish his first work, the narrative poem Hans Kchelgarten, he used his own name for Evenings on a Farm in Dikanka and Mirgorod. His St. Petersburg Stories include tales about the madcap adventures of Collegiate Assessor Kovalev and Akakii Akakievich, who returns as a ghost to reclaim an article of clothing. FTP, name this Russian author of The Inspector-General, \"The Overcoat\", and Dead Souls.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9823643edd349449a4d24396ccc33f6",
            "input": "Kineiving asshattery on the part of the losing side in the month's before this battle included a series of failed cabals that led one man to demand the issuance of his General Order No. 8, and a jealous reaction to the appointment of Daniel Sickles, which led the biggest screwup at this battle to demand he replace Franz Sigel as commander of the unusually German XI Corps. Kelly's Ford and Ely's Ford were captured prior to this battle by a group discovered by Richard Anderson's scouting expedition, triggering tbe fortification of Zoan Church. The losing side of this battle ultimately blamed (*) Oliver Howard for getting those XI corps ambushed and slaughtered, though the commanding officer invoked the third person in supposedly claiming it was \"the only time he lost faith in\" himself. The most important casualty in this battle was blamed on low light and a North Carolina sentry. The Union under the newly appointed Joseph Hooker were ultimately defeated by the much smaller force under Robert E. Lee in, for 10 points, this battle where Stonewall Jackson was killed by friendly fire, a costly Confederate victory near its namesake village in Spotsylvania, Virginia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f6ab212eb0b43b3bf61684e03edd481",
            "input": "This god's heart became the planet Venus after he lept onto a funeral pyre. This god's conflicts with the \"Smoking Mirror\" caused the destruction of four earths. After the creation of the barren fifth world, this god retrieved bones from Mictlan and used his blood to create men to populate that world. This brother of Xolotl was tricked by his rival Tezcatlipoca into his immolation and he was said to have sailed east on a raft of serpents to eventually return to his people. For 10 points, name this feathered serpent revered by the Aztecs.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b29bbe36df2543b5914a231479227942",
            "input": "The first king of Ethiopia, Enalos, was married to this figure's daughter Benthesikyme. Asteria turned herself into the floating island of Delos after this god attempted to seduce her, and his union with Demeter produced Despoine and Areion. He changed another woman he raped into the Lapith warrior Caeneus, and Ovid says that Athena turned Medusa into a Gorgon after she slept with this god. He sent a monster to attack Troy after he and Apollo weren't paid for building walls for Laomedon, and he fathered Otus, Ephialtes, and Polyphemus. For 10 points, name this god whose wife Amphitrite bore his son Triton, the Greek god of earthquakes and the sea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-311eed58322248f09102b62642f8fa98",
            "input": "In the publisher's note to this book he informs the reader that the author moved from Redriff to a house near Newark to avoid his fans, and the title page originally displayed a portrait of that author with the caption \"Splendide Mendax. \" A group of characters in this book worry that the Earth will collide with a comet due to return in 31 years and continually discuss the sun's health. A notable controversy presented in this work concerns which end of an egg one should use to crack it, the two sides being referred to as \"tram-\" and \"slam-ecksan. \"  In another part a box is made for the narrator at the behest of Glumdalclitch that is eventually carried out to sea by a bird, which allows him to escape Brobdignag. The narrator also visits the Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos on his titular journeys. FTP name this novel by Jonathan Swift.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-daf616789afe4e75b7e6c478d9664c98",
            "input": "Wordsworth singled out this man's poem, \"Sonnet on the Death of Richard West\" to exemplify what he disliked most about poetry at the time. In addition to writing such poems as \"The Fatal Sister,\" and \"The Triumphs of Owen,\" this man wrote of a Welsh bard cursing Edward I and prophesizing the downfall of the Plantagenets in \"The Bard. \" His other Pindaric ode was \"The Progress of Poesy,\" and one of his poems contains the line \"Presumptuous maid! With looks intent/Again she stretched, again she bent. \" Another of his poems begins \"Ye distant spires, ye antique towers\" and contains line \"where ignorance is bliss, tis folly to be wise. \" In addition to \"Ode of a Distant Prospect of Eton College,\" this poet is responsible for the lines \"some mute inglorious Milton\" and \"far from the madding crowd. \" FTP, name this man, author of \"Ode of the Death of a Favorite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes\" and \"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d463076dcdf477da637809528e4cebf",
            "input": "The back right of this painting shows a man on a white horse, just above a man in the foreground wearing a black hat with a red feather. To the left of the knee of this painting's title figure is a black man with most of his face obscured. The original copy of this work was destroyed in Bremen by the Royal Air Force, and this work was defaced in 2003 when a picture of the 9/11 attacks was glued to it. The banner at the center of this painting is historically incorrect, and is being hosted by James Monroe as rowers paddle around chunks of ice. For 10 points, name this Emmanuel Leutze painting that shows the first U. S. president leading troops to the Battle of Trenton.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5131602251824f49a875121c1d8632b0",
            "input": "After a minor-key Adagio opening, the first movement of this piece becomes as lively Presto in 6/8, a tempo and time signature the composer more often used for finales. The finale for this work, though, is in 2/2 time, marked Vivace, and ends with a fugue, a device the composer most famously used in the finales of his Sun Quartets. The third movement minuet is the longest the composer ever wrote in any of his symphonies, over eight minutes in length on most recordings when played with repeats, and is in the symphony's main key of D major. The ninth of the twelve London symphonies, this is, FTP, which work by Franz Joseph Haydn that takes its name from the steady eighth-note accompaniment in its second movement, which imitates the metronomic ticking of the title device",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93f00ccf5ceb46f3a9d42b609120e106",
            "input": "This nation's southern border is defined by the Coco River. The Swan Islands of this country are approximately 95 miles north of its coast, and 500 miles from New Orleans. The Caratasca Lagoon is located in the northeastern part of this country, and the La Mosquitia region of this country contains the Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve. This country that borders the Pacific Ocean through the Gulf of Fonseca is also home to the Islas de la Bahia. For 10 points, name this Central American country borderd by Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala with capital at Tegucigalpa. ",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3351d9a9765948859f7b055d89b2471f",
            "input": "After the panic of 1819, this state was home to the Debt Relief Party, which in 1824 created a new state supreme court, leading to the Old Court-New Court Controversy in which this state had two rival supreme courts. One Senator from this state lived on the Ashland Estate, while another Senator from this state served as Attorney General to both Fillmore and William Henry Harrison and introduced a (*) failed amendment designed to prevent the Civil War. Apart from John J. Crittenden, another Senator from this state devised the rule that no slavery would be allowed south of Missouri in 1820 and lost three Presidential elections. For ten points, name this home state of Henry Clay.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7bb9d2b03f364e379a07fd43f608a4e2",
            "input": "Silva Vicarro is implied to have impregnated Flora Meighan in one play by this author, while in another, later reworked into The Eccentricities of a Nightingale, John Buchanan chooses Nellie Ewell over her teacher, Alma Winemiller. Besides Twenty-seven Wagons Full of Cotton, Catharine Holly is ultimately able to tell her story about her cousin in another work. One of this author's works is set in a hotel whose inhabitants include Nonno, who recites poems from memory, and his portrait-drawing granddaughter, Hannah Jelkes, as well as the alcoholic former priest T. Lawrence Shannon, while another work is about Sebastian Venable. Besides Summer and Smoke and Suddenly Last Summer, this author wrote about Jim O'Connor, who calls upon Laura Wingfield. For 10 points, name this playwright of The Night of the Iguana and The Glass Menagerie who wrote about the Pollitts and Blanche DuBois in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and A Streetcar Named Desire.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd00e438cf014980ad7e0162da5ccd5d",
            "input": "Events that took place during this dynasty's rule included the reinstatement of civil service exams, which were based on Neo-Confucianism, and a literacy test for Buddhists who wanted military exemptions, which led to the recording of koans. Artists during this period placed emphasis on personal expression through the concept of literati painting, and san-chu, or nondramatic songs, became more popular. The Grand Canal was rebuilt during this period, and a new capital was established at Khanbaliq. One of the catalysts of its downfall was the lack of natives in government positions, and its overthrow was led by Chu. The shortest of the major dynasties, for ten points, name this dynasty that ruled China from 1279 to 1368 and was succeeded by the Ming.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b6d10c795098402ea331f8e1763a16ad",
            "input": "This artist created a work whose realistic quality caused him to say, \"Speak, damn you!\" An early work created by this artist was a depiction of the Feast of Herod for the baptistry of the Siena Cathedral. This sculptor of Zuccone created a monument in Padua to Erasmo da Narni, his equestrian statue Gattamelata. A work by this man is a feminized portrayal of a Biblical hero who leans on his sword while standing over the head of his enemy. For 10 points, name this Florentine sculptor whose works include a bronze David.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d31d64098cf74f0386e7b12465c33634",
            "input": "Its effects were aggravated by the vacillation of Mayor Bludworth and the haphazard use of gunpowder against it by the Trained Bands before its second phase erupted from the legal district known as The Temple. A column known simply as The Monument stands where it first arose from the home of Thomas Farynor, the king's baker, in Pudding Lane. It came just months after a devastating plague had died down, and it was described at length by Samuel Pepys. FTP, name this 1666 conflagration that led to Christopher Wren and others rebuilding the city.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99773aa715604058bf4dc13068b44d47",
            "input": "Following a treaty with the young chieftain Ancoo, this polity negotiated the treaty of Coyatee with Old Tassel and gave the Cherokees part of its territory in the Treaty of Hopewell. Later on, settlers from this area killed leaders such as Old Tassel and Abram at Overhills Towns, and their attempted settlement of Muscle Shoals was foiled by Dragging Canoe. Centered around the town of Jonesborough, its leaders included superior court judge David Campbell, Senate speaker Landon Carter, and House speaker William Cage. Founded by members of the Wautaga movement, its downfall came after John Tipton defeated a band of men from this region on his farm under the command of its first governor, John Sevier. Not recognized by neighboring North Carolina and only existing for four years, FTP, identify this state which was never admitted into the Union, but instead was included in the new state of Tennessee.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4cf8f9bb5544842b27d4d4073f2948c",
            "input": "This authors critical works include Esthtique du Mal and The Necessary Angel. 1937 saw this writers Picasso-inspired The Man with the Blue Guitar. Fond of calling his oeuvre the whole of his first book, Harmonium, this poet outlined the tenets of writing as art in Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction. For ten points, name this American poet of Le Monocle de Mon Oncle, Sunday Morning, and The Emperor of Ice-Cream who spent much of his time selling insurance.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3e8bab11c9e473fad81d1359ff1e5b5",
            "input": "Cardinal Thomas Gibbons' defense of this organization would lead to Pope Leo XIII issuing an encylical, Rerum Novarum, supporting organizations of their kind. In contrast with its inclusive reputation, a chapter of this group was involved in the Seattle riots of 1886. Internal feuding following the failed Missouri Pacific railroad strike of 1886, and the emergence of a rival organization of skilled craftsmen, meant that by 1900, this organization was almost nonexistent. Name this labor organization that helped lobby for the Chinese Exclusion Act and, for 10 points, was founded by nine tailors in Philadelphia in 1869 and reached its peak under Terence V. Powderly.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1771c4bb75ad4a2bba2cef268021a85d",
            "input": "One part of this work states that the fact that the word \"bachelor\" has less than ten letters proves that the word \"bachelor\" cannot always be replaced with \"unmarried man. \" Later, it asks whether a statement \"taken in isolation from its fellows, can admit of confirmation or infirmation at all. \" Previously, this work expresses an inability to evaluate the statement \"everything green is extended\" and says that \"a precise artificial languge with explicit semantical rules\" would not solve the problem. The author of this paper noted that many of its ideas were first expressed by Morton White in an essay about \"an untenable dualism\" from a book about John Dewey. Claiming that \"abandoning\" the title entities will lead to \"a blurring of the supposed boundary between speculative metaphysics and natural science\" as well as more pragmatism, this essay begins by reviewing a distinction made by Kant. Anthologized in From a Logical Point of View and taking on logical reductionism and the separation of analytic from synthetic truths, for 10 points, identify this essay by Willard Van Orman Quine.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c05e4396f14b43e7b79e273a8e3f1372",
            "input": "This artist adapted a photograph he took of a waterfall in Switzerland for the background of a work showing a prostrate naked woman holding a lamp. This artist returned from a chess-filled retirement to create his Etant Donnes. A shovel is featured in In Advance of the Broken Arm, a work by this alter ego of Rrose Selavy. An enigmatic piece created by this man contains two (*) glass rectangles respectively containing nine \"Malic Molds\" and the \"Bride,\" and is sometimes called The Large Glass. He was accused of painting an \"explosion in a singles factory\" in a work displayed at the Armory Show, and signed another object as \"R. Mutt\". For 10 points, name this creator of Fountain and other readymades.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65104dbf286542ddb044c683ec699fa3",
            "input": "Hexagonal red-cypress skylights and a copper roof feature in this persons design for Kentuck Knob. He adapted plans for a Baghdad opera house into the Gammage Auditorium and used dendriform columns in the parking garage and Great Workroom of the Johnson Wax Headquarters. This man also designed broad footings that were supposed to allow Tokyos Imperial Hotel to float on mud, while his most famous studio was called Taliesin. For 10 points, identify this proponent of the Usonian home and the Prairie style, the architect of Fallingwater.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9f1bc518d4449c188e5488d58ad348d",
            "input": "A hunchbacked son of this ruler became a monk after revolting against this man's wife Fastrada. Another of this man's sons defeated the Avars and took the title King of the Lombards. A third son of this ruler blinded his nephew Bernard, killed him, and then repented before Paschal I, helping to earn his nickname \"the Pious.\" Three of this king's grandsons divided his empire in the Treaty of Verdun. This man expanded dynastic holdings begun by a grandfather who defeated abd-ar-Rahman at the Battle of Tours, named Charles Martel. For 10 points, name this son of Pepin the Short who was crowned \"King of the Romans\" in 800, the strongest Carolingian king of the Franks.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7432e37430a44b62987fe4d2ef2c171c",
            "input": "In this opera, a plan to woo the female lead is agreed upon in the duet \"All'idea di quell metallo.\" That plan involves a nobleman impersonating a drunken soldier who seeks housing for the night. In one scene in this opera, a music teacher Basilio is bribed to feign sickness. In this work, the title character sings \"Largo al factotum\" as he first appears on stage. This opera ends when Count Almaviva manages to marry Rosina before her father Bartolo can interrupt the wedding. For 10 points, name this opera whose title character sings the famous lines \"Figaro! Figaro! Figaro,\" a work by Gioacchino Rossini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac5ae3128e5443709c874e6e4513984c",
            "input": "One character in this work claims to have been a Democrat \"In the old days [when] they fairly hunted us with guns. \" One chapter of this work, entitled \"The Untold Lie,\" concerns Ray Pearson and Hal Winters, while \"Godliness\" concerns David Hardy, who knocks out his grandfather Jesse Bentley and flees. The Reverend Curtis Hartman lusts after Kate Swift in the \"Godliness\" chapter of this work, while another vignette in this work concerns a schoolteacher originally named Adolph Myers who was driven out of Pennsylvania under suspicion of molesting his students, and who takes the name of Wing Biddlebaum. In addition to \"Hands,\" this work also tells of the main character's rivalry with Seth Richmond for the affections of Helen White, and the last chapter, \"Departure,\" ends with his leaving the titular town. For ten points, identify this work tied together by the presence of George Willard and written by Sherwood Anderson.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6517dd45b5e4ca18451a40578c3001a",
            "input": "Synchrotron radiation can generate the hydroxyl variety of these for ultrafast footprinting studies, although a more common technique involves Fentons reagent. They are typically short-lived, but may be stabilized by either HOMO (hoe-moe) or LUMO (loo-moe) interactions, or by both, as in the push-pull case. The photocatalyzed production of chloroform is a classic example of their chain reactions, which may also be initiated by azo-bis-iso-butyro-nitrile or AIBN. Diatomic oxygen is a common variety, as are the reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide which have been implicated in aging. For 10 points, name these molecules with unpaired electrons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec4a8f0bff8943e6b8fce5c306094712",
            "input": "author reconsidered classic works of ethnography from a postmodernist standpoint in Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author. He described a syncretic village religion, the orthodox practices of Muslim merchants, and the Hinduism of government officials in The Religion of Java, while one of his essays is subtitled (*) \"Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. \" In addition to \"Islam Observed,\" this anthropologist argued against provincialism in the lecture \"Anti-Anti-Relativism,\" and also described \"webs of significance in which individuals are caught. \" For 10 points, identify this anthropologist who coined the term \"thick description,\" which he employed in an essay from Interpretation of Cultures, entitled \"Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c54fcfaeee79419bafc04e0185bcb4d1",
            "input": "His works include 1625's Lot Fleeing from Sodom, which is now housed in the Louvre. After studying under Venius, he went to Italy in 1600, where he began working for Vincenzo Gonzaga, a period during which he painted his Transfiguration and The Baptism of Christ. FTP, name this painter of the Ildefenso Altarpiece, The Toilet of Venus, and the Descent from the Cross, a Flemish Baroque artist best known for his distinctive portrayals of fleshy female nudes.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c694c312e8745ffa96fb4c2edf85703",
            "input": "These materials are characterized by an equation that includes a hopping integral, the t-J model, itself derived from the Hubbard model. By comparing the coherence length to the London penetration depth, one can determine if these materials are Type I or Type II. A critical temperature above the boiling point of nitrogen characterizes the high-temperature type of these materials, which include cuprate perovskites like YBCO. These materials expel interior magnetic fields through the Meissner Effect, a phenomenon explained by Cooper pairs in the BCS theory. For 10 points, name these materials which exhibit zero electrical resistance.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d4791b686eb04d74a74c36238a60adbf",
            "input": "In one tradition this figure breaks an oath to follow without questioning while on a journey with Al-Khidr. In another tradition, this figure receives a vision of Adam and Eve's family in his namesake book in The Pearl of Great Price. This man ordered the slaughter of Midianites to retaliate against Balak, and he mounted a brass serpent on a pole to ward off snakebites after producing water from a rock and making manna rain from heaven. This husband of Tzipporah was raised by the Pharaoh's sister and announced the arrival of ten plagues with his brother Aaron. For 10 points, name this prophet who received the Torah on Mount Sinai and led the Israelites out of Egypt.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a78f30d085a846fdbbd391cc2fc1b666",
            "input": "This country's early railways include the spiral tunnels of the Gotthard line, and its Glacier Express railroad has a terminus at St. Moritz. This home of the vineyard terraces at Lavaux (\"luh-VOE\") is home to a castle where Lord Byron's poem \"The Prisoner of Chillon\" is set. This country hosts the yearly World Economic Forum at Davos. This country includes about eighty thousand speakers of Romansh, its fourth official language. For 10 points, name this landlocked European country home to Lake Lucerne, whose Alps include the north face of the Matterhorn.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e25bcd8d8c814ae7b2a3efbb4f319fcc",
            "input": "This musician included \"Summer Night\" as an outtake from an album which also includes \"So Near, So Far.\" He collaborated with saxophonist Wayne Shorter and pianist Herbie Hancock on the album Nefertiti and featured pieces by guitarist Joaquin Rodrigo in his Sketches of Spain. This musician, who experimented with modal jazz in his fusion album Bitches Brew, created an alternate take of the modal jazz track \"Flamenco Sketches\" on an album that also includes \"So What.\" For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter who collaborated with Bill Evans and John Coltrane on Kind of Blue.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc30a0b6773f425ebc3074ddf04d2fa8",
            "input": "This work's first act ends with a \"gittars chacony\" and a \"triumphing dance\" bracketing the chorus telling Cupids to revel in the hills and vales. The three main characters sing \"See, madam where the Prince appears\" after one of them whines in the aria \"Your counsel all is urged in vain\". In one instance, the chorus merely says \"Ho, ho, ho, ho, ho, ho! \" a bunch of times while a drunken sailor dances; this happens while a sorceress and two witches conspire to lead one of the title characters astray in her love for the other title character. One famous section from this work makes use of the ground bass, and has one character telling her sister Belinda to \"Remember me, but ah, forget my fate\" before committing suicide. First performed at a girls' school in London to a libretto by Nahum Tate, for 10 points, name this opera containing the area \"When I Am Laid in Earth,\" sung by the titular Carthaginian queen who loves the other title character from Troy, an opera by Henry Purcell.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-811b82dd9d76434aa0573b963960d9a8",
            "input": "The book in which this character appears has a story about a goat with a single horn that is replaced by four smaller horns. This character insists on consuming nothing but vegetables and water after refusing the king's meat. Gabriel interrupts this man after he makes the prediction that the time of captivity for his people will be seventy weeks. In one incident, this character goes to the feast of (*) Belshazzar to interpret the writing on the wall. For 10 points, name this Bible character known for interpreting dreams who was thrown into the lion's den.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10e5ed3b5da84a4b86e59cc4547bd6b4",
            "input": "One ruler of this empire turned the city of Djenne in to a center of learning. It emerged from small settlements under the Za dynasty, who were based in Kukiya. Sonni Barus lack of strong Muslim belief led many to fear that he would cut off trade, which a rebellion which overthrew him. The empire came to an end in 1591 at the hands of invading Moroccans. For 10 points, name this pre-colonial African empire once ruled by Sonni Ali and Askia the Great, centered at Gao on the banks of the Niger River.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2cdd60e48cf438da69078974e97e402",
            "input": "Preparation of certain polymers for this technique typically involves dissolving in a non-hygroscopic solvent before applying the sample to a cell. Preparing solids may involve pushing the sample through a die press to generate a translucent material for this technique or combining the sample with a mulling agent such as Nujol prior to application on potassium bromide salt plates. This technique produces a spectrum with a fingerprint region and characteristic absorbance leads to stretching and bending of bonds in molecules in this technique. It produces a broad peak for alcohols around 3300 inverse centimeters. For 10 points, name this spectroscopic technique using wavelength slightly longer than that of visible light.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9352698c02a9457e884f9250eb3ed233",
            "input": "This novel ends with the author asking which of us is happy in the world Which of us has his desire or, having it, is satisfied The protagonist of this novel is discovered in a compromising situation with Steyne by her husband Rawdon. In this novel, William Dobbin idealizes the wife of George Osborne, who is killed at the Battle of Waterloo. Its title refers to a town in Pilgrims Progress where Faithful is convicted by a jury of merchants. For 10 points, name this novel about Amelia Sedley and Becky Sharp, written by William Makepeace Thackeray.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da289124103445cd8caf286709ed523e",
            "input": "One part of this work says \"with your tongue remove the tape\" and compares the breath of the subject to \"bright beads on yellow globes. \" Another part follows a dancer who resents being ogled by a \"dictie\" and cries after being silently rejected. The \"cornfield concubines\" \"sing like virgins\" at the end of \"Georgia Dusk,\" one part of this work, while the last section discusses a man who is fired from his teaching job for drinking moonshine and becomes a blacksmith after discussing, with Halsey and Lyman, the fear of being lynched. Including \"Avey, \"Blood-Burning Moon,\" \"Karintha,\" and \"Kabnis,\" this book was by far the most important contribution that the author of Balo and \"The Flavor of Man\" made to the Harlem Renaissance. For 10 points, name this collection of stories, drama, and poems by a grandson of Pinckney Pinchback, Jean Toomer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-092dfcf8997f4e8abf7c463406434b5f",
            "input": "To secure the southern border, this ruler created a kingdom of Aquitaine, which even eventually gained control over the Spanish March. His court included a circle of educated clerics who produced a renovatio, including the scholar Alcuin of York and this ruler's biographer, Einhard. Aachen was the site of the Palatine Chapel and palace of this man, the son of Pippin the Short who was crowned Emperor of the Romans on Christmas Day 800 by Pope Leo III. For 10 points, name this Frankish King, the first Holy Roman Emperor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b4896017045458aa270a925bd18ef3f",
            "input": "After his time in office, this president was then elected as a member of the House of Represenatives for 17 years. As Secretary of State, he authored the Monroe Doctrine, and thanks to the support of Henry Clay, his presidential election in 1824 was successful, though this was deemed a \"\"corrupt bargain\"\" by opponents. For 10 points, name this sixth U.S. President.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b8f6aa2451b24d06873c6f973b22e587",
            "input": "One composition by this man was partially based on a visit to a snake farm and uses tambourines to intimate their slithering in the \"Buntantan\" movement. In one ballet composed by this man, American and Russian shoppers threaten to separate a pair of can-can dancers, and the dolls later come to rescue the owner of the titular establishment. Besides The Magic Toy Shop. Movements like \"The Dove\" and \"The Cuckoo\" appear in his suite The Birds, while another of his works uses the French horn to depict gods playing conch shells as Naiads and Tritons dance in the morning light. He also depicted Primavera and The Birth of Venus in Three Botticelli Pictures, and reworked pieces like \"Gagliarda\" and \"Villanella\" into his Ancient Airs and Dances. and another of his works calls for six buccinas as well as a recording of a nightingale to depict the Janiculum, and ends with a march along the Appian Way. For 10 points, identify this Italian composer of Fountains of Rome and Pines of Rome.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98714ea17d3a4fbcb2e67d948c48ccae",
            "input": "Racial violence in this city began with the 1909 lynching of William James, as well as the later 1967 murder of black soldier Robert Hunt. Its Chief of Police was shot in 1969 violence stopped when Governor Richard Ogilvie sent in the National Guard. Rooster Cogburn opened a bar here after the Civil War, and it was the inspiration for Eden in Charles Dickens' Martin Chuzzlewit. Stephen Foster wrote a song about being \"way down\" in this city, which is where Magnolia Manor and Fort Defiance State Park are located. Huck and Jim intend to go to this city to obtain Jim's freedom in Huckleberry Finn, but they end up sailing past it. This city has the lowest elevation of any within Illinois and is located at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. For 10 points, name this southernmost city in Illinois, which shares its name with a city in Egypt.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a1cb0f06180432398aeed6d4fb61f89",
            "input": "[10] The trace, or sum of diagonal terms, for the Hesse matrix is equal to this operator, which is equivalent to the divergence of the gradient and is symbolized del squared.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aea13c88eb0d40e5919e1c0844234999",
            "input": "This man repudiated the Walrasian school after he published a work critical of the marginal productivity theory of distribution. In his magnum opus, he argued that actions are based on illogical decisions called \"residues\" and are justified by \"derivations. \" In additio to writing Cours d'economie politique and Mind and Society, his collaborative work with Francis Edgeworth resulted in the indifference curve, and he is also the namesake of a distribution, which leads to the conclusion that 80% of the outcome can be attributed to 20% of the causes. For 10 points, identify this economist, who also names a condition where no person can be made better of without making anybody worse off.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4af54b493e446cc8a6c5d91dbb77d73",
            "input": "The nations involved in it had allied immediately before it through the Treaty of Chaumont, and one of the figures involved in it continued the reforms of Karl vom Stein. Due to disagreement over Italys settlement, Spain refused to sign the Final Act of it, and Switzerland was granted a new constitution. Swedish Pomerania was given to Prussia, and a loose German confederation was established, much to the delight of Klemens von Metternich. FTP, identify this 1815 meeting that took place in Austria.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c0a48210016844a9b57b3c5d7469e3a5",
            "input": "Act II features one of the characters remembering his time in Morocco where he had to fend off a child prostitute, while Act IV begins with Dr. Baugh arriving to deliver some morphine and a woman coming to realize that her husband has terminal cancer. One of the central characters repeatedly asks for \"solid quiet\" and drinks until he hears a \"click\" in his head so that he can forget the death of his best friend, and possible lover, Skipper. Ultimately, the greedy and oddly fertile Mae and Gooper lose out as Big Daddy names the other Pollitt son as his heir. FTP, name this 1955 play that revolves around the doomed marriage of Brick and his wife Maggie, a work by Tennessee Williams.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e55fa55d6e564013bf25afd0bbc6f9ab",
            "input": "Henry Sidgwick compares intuitional morality with this philosophy in his Methods of Ethics, and R. M. Hare created a \"Two-level\" form of it in an attempt to combine its \"Act\" and \"Rule\" theories. The founder of this philosophy formulated a felicific calculus and wrote The (*) Principles of Morals and Legislation. One proponent of this philosophy argued against the \"tyranny of the majority\" and formulated the \"harm principle.\" For ten points, identify this philosophy advocated for by John Stuart Mill, which seeks the \"greatest happiness for the greatest number.\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-667ab6c16672475e914d67c80be41c9b",
            "input": "One of this nation's cities celebrates the Palo de Mayo festival and another city contains the tamarind tree of the Sutiaba and the cathedral of Benito de Baltondano. In addition to Bluefields and Leon, this country includes the Islas de Maiz to the east, the Tipitapa River which joins its two large lakes, and the Cordillera Isabella to the north. The San Juan River forms a part of the southern border of this nation, whose city of Puerto Cabezas is found in a region named for an insect. For 10 points, name this Central American country, home to the Mosquito coast, that lies between Costa Rica and Honduras with capital at Managua.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1dd2f0bedc9447efb9f083bfd6aff546",
            "input": "This artist created an exhibition of floating mylar balloons called Silver Clouds. In 1968, Valerie Solanas attempted to shoot this artist, who worked in a New York studio known as \"\"The Factory. \"\" The originator of the phrase \"Fifteen minutes of fame,\" he used the technique of silkscreens to depict many nearly-identical versions of figures like Mao Zedong, Elvis Presley, and Marilyn Monroe. For 10 points, name this American pop artist who also created many paintings of Campbell's soup cans.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82f1c4c3d482447581fb89c494fe982d",
            "input": "The two-dimensional form of this technique, sometimes also two-color, can be frequency and time-resolved to produce synchronous correlation maps. It may be used to analyze solids when they are mixed with non-volatile liquid and ground into a mull, or incorporated into potassium bromide discs or cells, employed because they lack covalent bonds, with common solvents like CHCl3 and CS2. It produces a portion known as the fingerprint region from 1400 to 600 inverse centimeters, and might show a broad adsorption band near 3000 indicating an alcohol functional group. FTP, name this way of identifying organic compounds, a type of spectroscopy named for the radiation of shorter frequency than visible light.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9edcf1f39164d6285f794a7feaaa6a1",
            "input": "He displaced one of his rivals by giving the Kanto domain to them, which precipitated that family's move away from the Chubu region. This man redefined class relationships based on kokudaka, or amount of agricultral production. He became so enraged at his nephew Hidetsugu that he killed thirty of Hidetsugu's female relatives, and he failed to get past Korea in an attempt to conquer China. In order to enforce an order that allowed only samurai to bear arms, this man started the Great Sword Hunt. For 10 points, name this successor of Oda Nobunaga who unified Japan before being succeeded by the namesake of a shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a50b3cb08db54d6aa682f14790210cdd",
            "input": "The one dimensional cutting stock problem is a special case of it and Applegate and Bixby designed the CONCORDE program to solve it. A 3/2 approximative algorithm to solve it is the Christofides algorithm. One heuristic often used for it is a generalization of the 2-opt and 3-opt methods, the (*) Lin-Kernighan algorithm. Sometimes simplified by requiring the triangle inequality, it's inefficiently solved by the nearest neighbor algorithm, and it's equivalent to finding the Hamiltonian cycle with least weight given a complete weighted graph. For 10 points, name this NP-hard problem of finding the least cost round trip if a namesake merchant visits each city once.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f494e134910a4b6da4cfc120470d88ef",
            "input": "In recent years, a party in this country's ruling coalition has suggested using water cannons to fend off immigrants, labeled this country's capital a \"Robber,\" and won support from the book The Caste. In addition to the Northern League, this country's ruling group includes the People of Freedom, a center-right party led by the man who was prime minister from 2002 to 2006 and owns major newspapers in this country. For 10 points, name this country which, in April 2008, elected its sixty-second government since World War II, headed by Silvio Berlusconi.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05a69417d6c34f41b9d07afc9579ef93",
            "input": "Chapter five of this work begins with a discussion of the work of Richard Baxter and the notion of Anschauung, or \"outlook,\" and goes on to discuss the controversy in Britain over the Book of Sport. In Chapter two, the author criticizes economic rationalism as a response to economic traditionalism, focusing on Benjamin Franklin's claim that \"time is money. \" In Part II, the author moves on to critique the vocational rigidity of several ascetic groups. The work's central claim is that the \"vocational calling,\" combined with moral self-discipline, fueled and ossified the modern economic state, forming a \"steel-hard casing\" from which we cannot escape. FTP, name this seminal work of sociology in which Calvinism was linked to free enterprise by Max Weber.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e50f252b20f4592bfa434520b8b3348",
            "input": "In one of this authors works, the narrators mentor Bergotte dies while looking at Vermeers View of Delft. This author collected his articles published in Le Figaro in Pleasures and Days, and attacked a literary critic who advocated studying the biographies of authors in Against Sainte-Beuve. Another of this authors works includes characters like the homosexual Baron de Charlus and Charles Swann, and ends with Time Regained. For 10 points, name this French author who explored the nuances of memory in his magnum opus In Search of Lost Time.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a685d53d47de4064a7a641f1585cc575",
            "input": "In January 1862 two men were released from prison by order of Secretary of State Seward. One, John Slidell, was accredited to France, while the other, James Mason, was a representative of Great Britain. They were taken prisoner in the first place because they were known commissioners of the Confederacy. For ten points, Union Captain Charles Wilkes of the ship San Jacinto captured Mason and Slidell from what British mail steamer, causing a rift in American and British relations",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a2a8fdc6af748a59006e75309e03ff1",
            "input": "This man wrote an opera taken from the story Le Rosier de Madame Husson, and his opus #71 is based on the Japanese Noh play Sumida River. He penned a TV opera Owen Wingrave as well as the music for the documentary film Night Mail. One of his most famous works is dedicated to the children of John and Jean Maud and contains a fortississimo finish while another includes the Four Sea Interludes and is based on a work by George Crabbe. Better known among his operas is an adaptation of Thomas Manns Death in Venice. FTP, name this British composer of Noyes Flood, War Requiem, The Young Persons Guide to the Orchestra, and Peter Grimes.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c260648373a54cbea5ecdbda13eba483",
            "input": "This thinker claimed that while pleasure is universal, its causes are subjective in a work that disagrees with Kant's dispassionate analysis of the universals of art. This man outlined the influence of the title subject through \"society\", \"religion\", and \"science\" in a book that rejected true equality in favor of \"natural aristocracy\" and laments Catholicism as a \"splendid error\". In Realms of Being, this man expanded upon a book that asserts (*) doubt makes idealism irrelevant and advocates pragmatic living through the title \"sense\". In that work, this author of The Sense of Beauty argued \"philosophy begins in medias res\". For 10 points, name this Spanish-American philosopher who wrote Skepticism and Animal Faith and claimed that \"those who cannot remember the past are doomed to repeat it\".",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-281c2e29e2e8437892cc7afaca4c9b0a",
            "input": "This artist painted a priest holding his hand to his mouth and pouring oil onto the devil's lamp in The Bewitched Man, one of six works on witchcraft. A large black flag with a smiling mask on it is held by revelers in this artist's The Burial of the Sardine. Another work by him depicts two men standing knee-deep in mud about to hit each other with (*) clubs. A woman looks away from the viewer and stands next to the elderly Dona Maria Josefa in a group portrait where this artist can be seen in the shadows to the left. This painter of Charles IV and his Family depicted a lone man in a white shirt who is about to be shot by a firing squad. For 10 points, name this Spanish artist of the Black Paintings and The Third of May.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebeb9de462644323bb79326284a175c8",
            "input": "One of this composer's songs has the refrain \"lullaby, lullaby\" sung by Death in lento funesto sections that alternate with agitato sections in which a mother defends her dying baby. That song belongs to a cycle of poems by Arseny Golenishchev-Kutuzov. Dmitri Shostakovich orchestrated that cycle for Galina Vishnevskaya and responded to it in his Symphony No. Another song cycle by this composer includes \"With Nanny\" and \"In the Corner\" and inspired Debussy's Children's Corner Suite. This composer of The Nursery and Songs and Dances of Death made a piano arrangement of the Gopak he wrote for an unfinished opera based on a Gogol story, The Fair at Sorochyntsi. A recurring theme from another piece by this composer alternates between 5/4 and 6/4 time and is called \"Promenade.\" For 10 points, name this composer of Pictures at an Exhibition.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7dc9c6df71bc46ff8b083b893997e437",
            "input": "His death, called providential by Charles Sumner, fell on the same day his home state abolished slavery. After both Louis McLane and William Duane refused to pull the government's funds out of the Second Bank of the United States, the duty fell to this man in his role as Jackson's Secretary of the Treasury. He had earlier been Attorney General, and afterwards was appointed to his most famous position, from which he issued opinions in such cases as Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge and Ex parte Merryman. FTP, name this Supreme Court Chief Justice who most famously presided over Dred Scott.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5aa7b59cceb24574926ee684d879b8c9",
            "input": "This man proposed a labor theory of value in a work proposing a paper currency and was a member of the Secret Committee of Correspondence. He obtained documents exchanged between two Massachusetts politicians and gave them to Samuel Adams, starting the Hutchinson Letter Affair. He served on the Committee of Five and indirectly prompted Louis XVI to sign the Edict of Versailles while an ambassador. He drew political cartoons, one of which featured the words \"Join or Die\" above a snake cut into eight parts. For 10 points, name this man, who, under the pseudonym of Poor Richard, printed an almanac, and allegedly flew a kite in a thunderstorm.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-064faf1f2b8a4f9c85fd88470e26ef09",
            "input": "This man called the Second Council of Constantinople in order to resolve the Monophysite Controversy. One of this ruler's reform efforts was overseen by Tribonian. The Secret History of Procopius is an account of this man's reign. This ruler was opposed by the Blues and Greens in one rebellion. That revolt, the Nika Riot, was suppressed by this man's general Belisarius. For 10 points, name this husband of Theodora, a Byzantine emperor who oversaw the creation of his namesake legal code.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cddf2ef6e233456b87e99f98d38799ea",
            "input": "Toro Zambrano was forced to join this country's independence movement after his colleagues abruptly jumped up on tabletops and began shouting \"we want a junta! \", while its tradition of nefarious coups can be traced to the Conspiracy of the Three Antonios. It briefly devolved into an anarchic kleptocracy known as \"war to the death\" period that saw the Pincheira brothers pilfer almost 10% of its total material wealth. This country's patria vieja ended after Mariano Osorio's forces were crushed when Rafael Maroto ordered the Talaveras regiment to hurl itself at an entrenched position. This site of the Figueroa Mutiny and the Battle of Rancagua weathered the Tanquero uprising and the Cuban Packages scandal before its president, Salvador Allende, was deposed by Augusto Pinochet. For 10 points, name this country historically ruled with fluctuating stability from Santiago.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0bfe12e3795142028ac90feb64b42cad",
            "input": "depicted a basket of fruit level with a small raised chest and an urn in a painting that portrays a hunched writing man next to Mary and Jesus. He painted an amphora resting atop a column in the background of a scene in which an angel hustles the holy family down a road. This artist of The Holy Family on the Steps and a Flight into Egypt painted two men holding a massive bunch of grapes in a series which also includes depictions of the Flood and Ruth and Boaz. This artist of The Four Seasons painted two men carrying the body of the title Athenian statesman in one painting, and in another depicted an angel in a chariot holding a hoop above four women dancing with their backs turned to each other. He painted two versions of a work in which four shepherds inspect a stone tomb. For 10 points, name this foremost French classicist who painted Dance to the Music of Time and Et In Arcadia Ego.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-332b2a74af644346a65345f382524d04",
            "input": "Pieces within this opera include the trio \"Zitti, zitti\" and the aria \"Una voce poco fa.\" One character in this opera pretends to be the student Lindoro in order to deceive Dr. Bartolo. The title character of this opera repeatedly sings the phrase \"della citta\" in one aria. That title character aids Count Almaviva in wooing Rosina and sings the aria (*) \"Largo al Factotum.\" For 10 points, name this opera buffa about the servant Figaro, composed by Gioacchino Rossini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e0a84494d694557b8353640f27b9c56",
            "input": "polity's important deities include the creator siblings Mawu and Lisa, and its several thunder gods included Xeviso. This polity was home to an annual festival in which criminals hear messages to the dead and are then sacrificed, and in this kingdom, every male official had a female counterpart that would report on his activities to the king. This kingdom conquered the Kingdom of (*) Wiyadh, and one king of this polity conquered Allada, giving them access to the coast. This kingdom became a tribute state of the Oyo kingdom during the reign of Agadja, but this kingdom managed to repulse Oyo under a leader who overthrew Andazon and rasied funds through the slave trade, named Ghezo. This kingdom was defeated by Alfred-Amedee Dodds during a war against the French Third Republic, and one group of soldiers from this polity was an all-female force called the Mino, or Amazons. Largely consisting of the Fon people, for10 points, name this kingdom with capital at Agbome, located in modern-day Benin.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4af707503c1044259a60a0f9d2d239b9",
            "input": "He wrote about a lady whose \"thrushes sing in Rathburn bowers\" who \"cannot guess\" that the speaker kneels \"to share her hound's caress\" in his poem \"The Henchman. \" He wrote about a man who didn't believe that the \"Dark Day\" of May 19, 1780 was the Day of Judgment in \"Abraham Davenport,\" while he wrote about the death of a woman named Mary and the need of informing some insects of her demise in his \"Telling the Bees. \" His early works include the narrative poem Moll Pitcher and the prose Legends of New England, though he gained recognition as a major poet with the appearance of 1866's Snow-Bound. FTP, name this American author of \"Ichabod\" and \"Barbara Frietchie. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bde946aa06e04050ba29c4a481acb8f1",
            "input": "Johann Michael Rottmayr and Martino Altomonte decorated the walls of the staterooms in the Salzburg Residenz with scenes from the life of this man. Veronese painted a scene of a family of this man's rival accidentally begging charity from the servant who stands next to him. The Farnese Hercules can be seen in the background of a Tiepolo painting where an African man stares at the artist painting his mistress' portrait. William IV of Bavaria commissioned a painting celebrating this man after the 1529 Siege of Vienna. He is frequently depicted in scenes of Apelles Painting Campaspe. In one painting, a tablet floating in the sky describes his victory over a force represented by a crescent moon in the top left. For 10 points, name this general, victorious in Albrecht Altdorfer's The Battle of Issus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b10ff9fd6004e049b2beee470d17bd1",
            "input": "The second part of this poem describes a figure \"whose love is endless oil and stone\" and \"whose   name is the Mind!\". The third section of this poem tells of a place \"where the faculties of the skull no  longer admit the worms of the senses\". This poem was judged to be not obscene when its publisher,   Lawrence Ferlinghetti, was put on trial. \"Mohammedan angels staggering on tenement roofs\" appear  in this poem dedicated to Columbia Psychiatric Institute patient Carl Solomon, whom the poet  repeatedly tells \"I'm with you in Rockland.\" Name this poem that describes Moloch, and opens \"I  saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness\", written by Allen Ginsberg.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d9dab444e74406d9e936ed54b163554",
            "input": "Late in his reign, this king put down revolts led by Ashina of Elam and Nidintu-Bel of Babylon. Other rebellions during his rule include one caused by his brother Artaphernes's response to a request for help from Naxos, leading to an uprising by Aristagoras of Miletus. This man also defeated the Margian leader Frada, as well as a usurper called Gaumata who may have impersonated his brother Bardiya. Those feats are recorded in the trilingual Behistun Inscription, and as king, this man notably succeeded the conqueror of Egypt, Cambyses II. He is best known, however, for ordering an invasion that ended with a decisive defeat by the general Miltiades at the Battle of Marathon. For 10 points, identify this Persian ruler, the father of Xerxes I.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-827bacd33f8141ea92d95e0b5e2be323",
            "input": "Seas of calcite predominate during times of low concentration of this element. The NIMS probe discovered that Ganymede has a sulfate of this element, which is also used to treat eclampsia. Its molten form is used to make metallic titanium in the Kroll process. The active site of rubisco contains a carbamylated lysine attached to an ion of this element. Its cationic form is used to stabilize the product of PCR, and it is also prevalent in certain reagents in a Schlenck equilibrium. It is found in Grignard reagents as well as coordinated to the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll. For 10 points, name this element with atomic number 12 and symbol Mg.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-841a3a59bbc74453b4e533c375d23eeb",
            "input": "Of his short stories only a few have been translated, except for those like  in \"Hungry Stones\" and \"Broken Ties. \"  His adolescent love can be seen in The Crescent Moon, and his three major plays of the era include The Post Office, The King of the Dark Chamber, and Chitra. Sadhana is an address on life and its realization that uses a common them for this writer, whose Western reputation was largely made by William Butler Yeats. FTP, name this author of Gitanjali, an Indian winner of the Nobel in Literature.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a745a489600e4bd2b89890aadbb1dbfa",
            "input": "The Romans believed that she was the mother of the giant Cacus. When Heracles came to the underworld to capture Cerberus, the only two spirits who didn't flee from him were those of Meleager and this woman, the daughter of Ceto and Phorcys. FTP, identify this mythological figure, whose sisters were the immortals Stheno and Euryale, from whose body Chrysaor and Pegasus sprang after she was decapitated by Perseus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ab88a8a0bde4371b959bf2cce2c2d5e",
            "input": "At the end of this war, the losing power was forced to cede Bessarabia and the Danube river was opened to shipping from all nations. One side had a squadron destroyed at Sinope, and in order to prevent Austria from entering the conflict, the opposing side evacuated the Danube region. Notable engagements in this war occurred at the Alma River and at Balaklava, and a very notable engagement in this war was a year long siege of Sevastopol. It was ended by a Treaty of Paris. For ten points, identify this war between Russia and an alliance headed by Turkey that included France and Sardinia-Piedmont, named for the peninsula on which it was primarily fought.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9475ecacfe324aeda6762568f2747547",
            "input": "One of his poems tells the reader to \"ask the tall fish\" about a \"rhubarb man\" who planted a garden around a \"sea ghost. \" Another claims to be \"dumb to tell the crooked rose\" about something \"that blasts the roots of trees,\" and one of his short stories remembers how Annie Jones was snubbed when Jimmie Williamss mother refused the titular Peaches. This author of Altarwise by Owl-Light said I sang in my chains like the sea and \"old age should burn and rave at close of day and also noted after the first death, there is no other in A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London. For 10 points, name this author of The Force that Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower, Fern Hill, and Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night, a prodigiously alcoholic Welsh poet.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58282fecf594475d8469e6557daec905",
            "input": "His good luck in deciding to take his first psychology class because it fit his schedule influenced his article on \"The Psychology of Chance Encounters and Life Paths. \"  He developed a theory of motivation based on the concept of self-efficacy, which in turn feeds into his notion that environment and behavior affect each other, a notion he termed \"reciprocal determinism. \"  He studied acquisition of self-reinforcement behaviors through observations of models with Walter Mischel, his colleague at Stanford. In another study by this man one type of person worked quietly with a tinker toy set, while another type of person proceeded to pick up a mallet and make comments like \"He sure is a tough fella\" and \"Punch him in the nose\" while striking a particular toy. FTP name this founder of social cognitive theory who conducted the notorious \"bobo doll\" study.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e46a11d75db4153811fe76155289965",
            "input": "One work by this man sees Haremhab and Nefertiti interviewed by Meriamun about the title pharoah, while he wrote about how Nefisa's betrayal by the grocer's son turns her to prostitution in another. In addition to Akhenaten, Dweller in Truth and The Beginning and the End, this author created Illish, who marries Nabawiyya after betraying his friend Said Mahran in one work, and wrote another work in which the murder of the boss of the protagonist is interspersed with the assassination of Anwar Sadat. This author of The Thief and the Dogs and The Day the Leader Was Killed wrote about the landlord Radwan Hussainy and the pedophile cafe owner Kirsha in a more well known work, while one series by this author focuses on three generations of the family of El-Sayyid Ahmad Abdel Gawad. For 10 pointsname this author of Midaq Alley, who wrote the novels Palace of Desire, Sugar Street, and Palace Walk for his Cairo Trilogy.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3d1e3c6343a4283be27846f74833950",
            "input": "H. L. Mansel's The Philosophy of the Conditioned responded to this man's critique of the philosophy of Mansel's mentor; that critique introduced the idea that external objects are just \"Permanent Possibilities of Sensation\" and was entitled Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy. The sixth and final chapter of another work argues that we should approach the \"moral sciences\" as we do the physical. That work, an examination of induction entitled A System of Logic, is not as famous as an essay that asserts that the only legitimate reason to exercise power over someone is to \"prevent harm to others. \" FTP, identify this philosopher, author of \"On Liberty\" and Utilitarianism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-877a4d913d50434e8d8194da039dbfe5",
            "input": "This man composed a concerto in only two movements, linked by a cadenza, the second of which is a rondo based on Latin American themes. Another of this composer's works is a song cycle based on twelve Emily Dickinson poems. This man wrote a Clarinet Concerto to be played by Benny Goodman, and he incorporated the folk-song \"El Palo Verde\" into his El Salon Mexico. He composed music for a ballet that incorporates the Shaker hymn \"Simple Gifts\" and was choreographed by Martha Graham. For 10 points, name this American composer of Appalachian Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04004a2c03124859bf4c2f497d1feeec",
            "input": "One of their rulers, Koshkadam, got into a dispute with their northern neighbor over the succession to the throne of Karaman, resulting in an invasion which Kait Bey had to repel in order to save the Burji dynasty, while their earlier Bahri dynasty had been victorious at the Battle of Homs against their eastern neighbor. Another ruler, Kansuh, was defeated at the climactic battle of al-Riddaneah, where their power was broken forever. They first came to power under Qutuz, but he was displaced by the man who had defeated the Seventh Crusade and won the Battle of Ayn Jault against Hulagu Khan, Sultan Baybars. For ten points, name this group of Turkish slaves who became rulers of Egypt.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4aa91679213e4b1a842520cd3caa87b0",
            "input": "This man contributed the forward to Reo Fortune's Sorcerers of Dobu. Mauss criticized this thinker for ignoring the mapula, an error this man admitted in a work which discusses the \"theory of primitive communism\". Another of his works showed how communities founded on \"mother-right\" did not experience the the Oedipus complex. In addition to writing works discussing both Crime and Custom, as well as Sex and Repression, \"in Savage Society\", he conducted \"participant observation\" in the Oaxaca valley of Mexico and the kula ring between Trobiand islanders. For 10 points, name this Polish functionalist anthropologist, the author of Coral Gardens and their Magic as well as Argonauts of the Western Pacific.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8431636f24a04db1885d54b95cc064b7",
            "input": "One of this man's paintings shows diamonds flowning from a gash inflicted on a third eye by the title figure's triangular yellow dagger. Another of this man's paintings shows an African mask and rooster lined along the top and a jackal at bottom, all flanked by two totem poles. The painter of The Moon Woman Cuts the Circle, this man's Guardians of the Secret is a part of his Accabonac Creek series, which, along with the Sounds in the Grass series, was created at the Long Island studio he shared with Lee Krassner. He claimed \"there is no accident\" with regards to works like Blue Poles. For 10 points, name this \"action painter\" who developed the drip technique, used for works such as Autumn Rhythm and Lavender Mist.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52e26c651872473096cb8cc8e72292da",
            "input": "Some of this man's most recent work includes the Museum of Islamic Art in Qatar. Five blocky sand-colored towers are seen in this architect's National Center for Atmospheric Research, and he worked alongside Henry Cobb and James Freed to design a building emulating a racetrack. Besides the(*) NASCAR Hall of Fame, this man designed a Boston building where the windows occasionally fell off, the John Hancock Tower, as well as the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. For 10 points, name this Chinese American known for his glass pyramid at the Louvre.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6987b91cc5ce4060b0ab05c0c6ea99db",
            "input": "This man once received a telegram from Salvador Dali, mock-congratulating him for the surrealistic touch of using a royal scepter while in office. One of his most notable speeches resulted in sociology being removed from national universities and an expansion of prohibited books. That speech was inspired by this man's trips to North Korea and was known as the July Theses of 1971. He tried to boost birth rates by outlawing abortion and giving medals labeling women who had ten or more children as \"Heroine Mothers. \" This man met his mentor, while in prison for Communist agitation in 1943 and eventually succeeded that man, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. Reviled for appointing his wife Elena as the head of the Academy of Sciences, FTP, name this man who brutalized his people with the Securitate before being executed in 1989, ending his longtime Communist reign over Romania.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b16cd9f513664875a6153d07849599a2",
            "input": "This compound consists of A and B chains linked together by three disulfide bonds, which are conserved through most species, particularly the C-terminal residues of the B chain. Existing naturally as a monomer or dimer, lispro is a commercial hexamer of this enzyme that facilitates slow diffusion in the blood. It works by binding to specific tyrosine kinase receptors in target cells, causing glucose transporters to fuse with plasma membranes. Secreted by the islets of Langerhans, FTP, identify this enzyme important in regulating the body's sugar levels.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c9dd2c11bf204582bb369ffe918d8914",
            "input": "The tennis racket theorem describes an asymmetric instability that arises when this quantity's principal components are all distinct. The diagonalization of this quantity yields three values which define the axes of Poinsot's ellipsoid. Its scalar form can be calculated as the integral of r-squared dm, and it is unchanged when the object is stretched parallel to the (*) axis of rotation. Given its value at the center of mass, it can be calculated for the same object about a parallel axis. This quantity equals torque divided by angular acceleration, as well as angular momentum divided by angular velocity. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized I, the rotational analog of mass.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a509390b0e374ac284bd216e385fa0f3",
            "input": "This Biblical book recounts how Dorcas dies and is brought back to life. The governors Felix and Festus interrogate one character in this book. A sermon from this book begins by mentioning an inscription \"to an unknown god\" and is delivered to the Areopagus. This book tells the story of the conversion of an Ethiopian eunuch to Christianity. In another story told in this book, Ananias is sent to the \"Straight Street\" in Damascus to restore the sight of a certain figure. This is the second Biblical book to be dedicated to Theophilus. This New Testament book famously recounts the story of the stoning of Stephen by a mob, as well as the occurrence of glossolalia at Pentecost. For 10 points, name this book of the Bible written by Luke that describes what happens after the death of Jesus to twelve of his followers.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c014dd6d7374e3c8b4d5ca8f9e31b13",
            "input": "One character in this work sees the river of filth and the great and spacious building, part of his vision of the Tree of Life. That character is the namesake of another character who is later accused of being a conspirator in the murder of a chief judge after he correctly predicts the murder and who the murderer was. Another character in this work leads an army of two thousand stripling warriors into battle, and none of them died because they followed what their mothers had taught them. Another section of this work claims that a group of people known as the Jaredites migrated in large barges soon after the Tower of Babel but were destroyed because of wickedness, and especially \"secret combinations\". For 10 pointsname this work, containing Ether, Helaman, and Nephi, which was revealed by Moroni to Joseph Smith, the holiest book of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46847a58900745eabdc8483e4c07fbe0",
            "input": "It can occur in crystals lacking a center of symmetry via the Pockels effect. Nicol and Wollaston prisms utilize this property through the application of (*) calcite. When an electric field is applied to an anisotropic transparent substance, it occurs through the Kerr effect and it arises in materials possessing two different indices of refraction. For 10 points, identify this optical phenomenon that divides unpolarized light into an ordinary and an extraordinary ray traveling in different directions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af46694dba514148a5a6f4039e4efecc",
            "input": "He used \"La Follia\" as the basis for his last original solo piano composition, Variations on a Theme of Corelli. Unsatisfied with his revisions of his second piano sonata, he gave Horowitz authority to change it however he pleased. Glazunov's drunken conducting of his first symphony sent him into a three-year-long depression, which he once consulted Tolstoy about. He wrote an Elegiac Trio after the death of Tchaikovsky, who was set to conduct his symphonic fantasy The Rock. He referred to his third piano concerto, written for his first American tour, as \"a piece for elephants\". A painting by Bocklin inspired his Isle of the Dead, and he also set Poe's The Bells to music. FTP, identify this Russian composer who used a caprice for solo violin as the basis for arguably his most famous work, Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2372285e2cdc4808bdbe9bbddb71a70d",
            "input": "One building designed by this man features the Bini Capponi chapel, while another of his works contains the Door f the Martyrs and the Door of the Apostles within its Old Sacristy. This subject of Antonio Manetti's The Fat Woodpecker used a mirror to demonstrate his creation of perspective by allowing the viewer to compare between his painting of and the real representation of the Baptistry of St. John. He designed the churches Santa Maria degli Angeli and Santo Spirito, in addition to the Basilica of San Lorenzo. He lost a competition to Lorenzo Ghiberti to design the doors of the Florence Baptistry, and also created an octagonal brick dome for the church of Santa Maria del Fiore. For ten points, name this designer of the dome of the Florence Cathedral.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1974f88485a140b889f1efce80e438fa",
            "input": "A discussion and recitation of Pushkin's \"The Poor Knight\" in this novel annoys a character whose son is offered 75,000 rubles to marry a woman he hates. One character in this work writes an \"Essential Statement,\" and that man, Hippolyte, explains at a party that he will kill himself the next time the sun rises. The main character of this work breaks a vase at a party and rejects Aglaya, who absconds with a man posing as a count. That title character finds Nastasya murdered in the bed of a rival he met on the way home from a Swiss sanatorium, Rogozhin. For 10 points, name this novel about the foolish Prince Myshkin, by Feodor Dostoyevsky.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5c19ceeafc248329689c2af9b022059",
            "input": "The section entitled \"Dorabella\" simulates the hesitancy of speech of a lady named Miss Penny, while \"B.G.N. \" contains a famous cello solo. The 11th part was inspired by a swimming bulldog; the 5th paid tribute to the son of Matthew Arnold; and the 14th depicted the composer himself. Some have proposed Auld Lang Syne as the \"hidden\" theme indicated to be in it by the composer, who achieved his first success with the work. FTP, what is this set of variations on an original theme of Edward Elgar, named for their inscrutable nature",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1539ed3a51a44561b31fd4d5c3555c60",
            "input": "This statement contributes to the repulsive one over r to the twelfth term in the Lennard-Jones Potential. Its rigorous statement requires that particles with half-integer spin have anti-symmetrical wave functions, and it also explains neutron degeneracy, which prevents smaller neutron stars from collapsing into black holes. The \"+1\" term seen in the denominator of the Fermi-Dirac distribution arises due to this statement, and bosons do not have to obey it, but fermions such as protons and electrons do. For 10 points, name this law of quantum mechanics, which states that no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state at the same time.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b97a0ce4abd240abb03f0d1859b1ea6c",
            "input": "A duty collected in this territory was the focus of Downes v. Bidwell, one of the Insular Cases. In 1998, \"\"None of the Above\"\" won a majority of votes in a referendum over whether this territory should become independent, remain a commonwealth, or explore becoming a state. For 10 points, name this Caribbean island territory ceded to the United States after the Spanish-American War and governed from San Juan.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0102e8efe898464fbb4d940f9e45f24d",
            "input": "This politician was blackmailed for sleeping with Maria Lewis, the wife of James Reynolds. He toured American factories and presented a report of his findings to Congress advocating protective tariffs. This author of the Report on Manufactures argued for the federal assumption of state debt in his 1790 Report on the Public Credit. He insulted a rival who was running for governor in New York, which led to this man's death in Weehawken after he was shot in a duel. For 10 points, name the first Secretary of the Treasury who died at the hands of Aaron Burr.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0cf5a535f962440ca9e525b71f30c5d1",
            "input": "The total mass of the biologically active form of this element has doubled since the beginning of the 20th century and an overabundance of it has been shown to reduce biodiversity. One of its oxides is an extremely effective greenhouse gas and can catalyze ozone destruction in the stratosphere, while another of its oxides serves as a fuel for the production of tropospheric ozone. Biologically active forms of it are produced naturally by lighting and certain types of bacteria, who \"fix\" it. It is mostly inert due to the very strong bond between its atoms as a diatomic gas. FTP, name this element, the most abundant in the atmosphere.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93ca3b7f8aad46f4a7e92a8cfb7c401e",
            "input": "This work discusses the ambitious man whose slogan is \"Either Caesar or nothing,\" while another section considers a quotation from Richard II which leads to the satirical claim that \"possibility is the only salvation. \"  Its preface describes Christian heroism as venturing to become oneself, rather than being taken in by the \"idea of man in the abstract\" or playing \"the wonder game with world history. \"  This work opens with an epigraph asking God to \"give us weak eyes for things of little worth,\" and purports to be a \"Christian psychological exposition for upbuilding and awakening. \"  FTP, name this work which claims that the title concept \"is despair,\" a book inspired by a quotation from John about Lazarus which was written by Soren Kierkegaard.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e77d9144e6b438f86c54c47a1f260b5",
            "input": "His characters include Formosante, who searches for her lover in The Princess of Babylon, and the Scythian Babouc, who sees the fall of Persepolis in The World as it Is. His poetic works include The Wordly One, an apologia about the author's love of physical comforts; Epistle to Urania, which rejects Christian orthodoxy; and An Essay on Epic Poetry, which was written in English to promote his epic, The Henriad. One of his plays centers on a queen of Messina who marries Polyphonte, Merope, while, in his most popular tragedy, the sultan Orosman kills the title slave girl, Zaire. FTP, name this prolific author whose most famous tale follows the adventures of Cacambo, Cunegonde, and Pangloss and is called Candide.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d9810f695a34a2bb9b3f5d39d02a071",
            "input": "This composer wrote a work beginning with the double basses representing mist before the orchestra enters to play six different dances; that work was a tribute to a Johann Strauss waltz. He included sections titled \"Little Tom Thumb\" and \"Conversation of Beauty and the Beast\" in a work dedicated to the Godebski kids. This composer of La Valse and Mother Goose wrote a work ending with a chorus of bacchantes playing tambourines, who join together in the \"Danse Generale\". In addition to writing a ballet based on a Longus poem, he wrote a work dedicated to Ida Rubinstein that features an unchanging snare drum ostinato rhythm. For 10 points, name this Spanish composer who wrote Daphnis et Chloe and Bolero.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-61387fabcbfe4d6e8d569812ef7f0937",
            "input": "He had affairs with wives of his generals Gates and Biddle and may have caught a fatal chill leaving the house of a mistress. He refused to visit France because he couldn't master the language and inherited a plantation named after his brother Lawrence's commander against the Spanish in the West Indies, Admiral Vernon. FTP, name this man, the first president of the U.S.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb4548802f8144d0a5cc2a9e23664422",
            "input": "This composer depicted a peasant dreaming of summer while dying in a blizzard in the \"trepak\" section of his cycle Song and Dances of Death, and his vocal works include Sunless and The Destruction of Sennacherib. The title character of one opera has visions of a child he thought was executed at Uglich and is eventually overthrown by the monk Grigori, who becomes the False Dmitri. Another work features sections titled \"The Market at Limoges\" and \"The Old Castle\" that are connected by the \"Promenade\" theme. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Boris Godunov and Pictures at an Exhibition.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24ea57bd9ff3419f816c0e893241d722",
            "input": "First proposed by the French microbiologists Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod in the early 1960s, these objects generally consist of a group of structural genes in a metabolic pathway located contiguously on a stretch of DNA which are controlled by a promoter. They act as a genetic regulatory system of single-celled organisms and their viruses, providing prokaryotes with the means to produce proteins only when and where they are required, allowing the cell to conserve energy . FTP name these cellular objects named because they were assumed to be essential to cell activity, which control the synthesis of enzymes in a cell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-afab95d2193147509f7ac5c9bed85b3a",
            "input": "It continues to dispute its border between its southern neighbor and this country's Zamora and Morona-Santiago Provinces. Cotopaxi is its highest active volcano, while its two major river systems are the Esmereldas and the Guayas. Its three main regions are La Costa, La Sierra, and El Oriente, and its capital is serviced by Mariscal Sucre International Airport. This countrys highest point, Chimborazo, is the point on the earths surface farthest from the center, and the capital of this country is surrounded by snow-capped volcanoes like Pichincha. Owner of the Galpagos Islands, FTP, name this South American country whose largest city is Guayaquil and whose capital is Quito.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-775d609c11d94ea9a37dc8d03c7b8e08",
            "input": "One of this man's poems mentions \"in robe of mist, the oak\" which \"glared with a thousand gloomy eyes\" and ends exclaiming \"And, Gods, to love--what ecstasy! \" This author of \"Welcome and Farewell\" entreats \"tell no one but the wise. . . What is alive I want to praise, /What longs for death by fire\" in his \"Blessed Longing\", which appears alongside \"Reunion\" from the \"Book of Suleika\" in a collection inspired by the poems of (*) Hafiz. Another collection features the creation of the goddess Opportunity and a love affair with Faustine, a stand in for Christiane Vulpius, while one of his poems remarks \"The birds in the forest stopped talking\" and that \"Soon, done with walking,/you shall rest, too. \" Besides West-Eastern Divan, Roman Elegies, and the second of his \"Wanderer's Nightsongs\" he wrote a ballad in which a boy sings \"My father, my father, can't you see there\" and opens \"Who rides, so late, through night and wind\" For 10 points, name this author of \"Prometheus\", \"The Elf-King\", and verse dramas like Faust, Part II.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d76593553bab45b590da265f4d11cdb8",
            "input": "Its heaviest concentration of membership is in East Africa, followed by the United States, where early in their history Mary Dyer and four others were executed for their beliefs. One notable division occurred during the feud between John Wilbur and Joseph Gurney. The sect was formed during the English Civil War, when its founder proclaimed, \"since there was that of God in every man,\" a formal church structure and educated clergy were not necessary. Divided into Orthodox, Conservative, and Hicksite subgroups and emphasizing the \"inner light\", FTP, identify the Christian denomination founded by George Fox and spread in colonial America by William Penn, named for their tendency to \"tremble\" before God.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf9a65f6f9d34ac39f017db3b6a738cf",
            "input": "This man modeled another artist's Nymph and Bittern for his depiction of a wood sculptor, William Rush and His Model, and an illuminated boxer waves to the crowd after a victory in his Salutat. A woman in a carriage holds a red parasol in this artist's Fairman Rogers Four-in-Hand. Several nude boys jump off a rock in his The Swimming Hole, and he depicted his childhood friend rowing down the Schuylkill River in Max Schmitt in a Single Scull. In another of his works, which also hangs in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, students at Jefferson Medical College perform surgery under the title doctor. For 10 points, name this American painter of The Gross Clinic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a8e437054674b36bcf00ab5db6b9c36",
            "input": "This philosopher found the artistic experience provided salvation, a path apart from the struggle of the Will. For 10 points each: [10] Name this author of The World as Will and Representation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58b2242865ae4785bff8f66b80ba910b",
            "input": "The facade of a home for the elderly in this city featured a sculptural antenna above the arched window of a communal TV room, as well as a black granite column in middle of its white brick entryway. America's first International Style skyscraper was a T-plan tower in this city with four neon initials on its roof. Guild House and the [*] PSFS Building share this city with Cesar Pelli's Cira Center. The \"Grand Court\" of a store in this city is centered on a 2500-pound bronze eagle and contains the world's largest functioning pipe organ. Daniel Burnham designed the original Wanamaker's in this city. The world's tallest masonry building is in this city. For 10 points, name this city whose Liberty Place towers finally surpassed the height of the statue of William Penn on top of its City Hall.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1201a16d8af944db919a7d578db0bf3d",
            "input": "It quotes Sartre's observation of a waiter in the cafe in a section on \"reality and contrivance,\" and ends with applications to management thinking. It describes the process of showing socially acceptable characteristics called mystification and notes that marginalized people tend to be forced into discredited groups. The concepts of \"line\" and \"disidentifiers\" are explained in the author's other works, Interactive Ritual and Stigma. Containing chapters on \"discrepant roles\" and \"performances,\" FTP name this work that takes a \"dramaturgical\" approach to the study of social interactions, based on the metaphor of an actor giving a performance, the best known work by Erving Goffman.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71e2c7793e8f48e7b4a0992266bacffc",
            "input": "The paper explaining this phenomenon begins with a section critical of the theory of blackbody   radiation, showing that an integral of energy with respect to volume equals infinity. That problem is  solved by assuming that energy \"is discontinuously distributed in space.\" Some of the measurements   of this effect, which used to be associated with ultraviolet light, were made by Philipp Lenard, who  discovered that light intensity did not impact the amount of voltage required to stop rays produced  by light striking metal. Name this effect explained when the Planck hypothesis was applied by Albert  Einstein, leading to Einstein's Nobel Prize.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-884e203ec2034d2398d61a0489635d5b",
            "input": "Its title character is present in forty-one of its fifty-four chapters; he dies somewhere between chapters 41 and 42 and the focus shifts to two of his descendants. The protagonist of this work manages to have a lot of children before he dies, though only one daughter whom he fathers in exile. Chapter 2, \"The Broom Tree\", is a conversation between the title character and his friends about women, while the next four chapters deal with his romantic conquests, one of whom he rapes because he can, and one of whom who shares a name with the author and becomes the love of his life. For 10 points, name this Japanese novel by Murasaki Shikibu.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49d623e017914e5aa4523c7fd33d173e",
            "input": "John of Procida traveled to this region to stir up anger against its ruler. This region was given to Boniface VIII by the Treaty of Anagni, which affirmed the earlier Treaty of Tarascon. A ruler of this region married the daughter of Henry II, Joan of England; that man was William the Good. This region was once led by William the Bad, who was the son of a king of it. That king was excommunicated by Innocent II at the Second Lateran Council and was Roger II. Michael VIII Palaeologus refused to aid the ruler of this region, Peter of Aragon, without papal approval. A rebellion in this region was ended by the Peace of Caltabellotta and was against the man that Louis IX had placed in charge of it, Charles of Anjou. For 10  points, a rebellion on what Italian island is known as its \"Vespers\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98c06e18c2154a3abaa839f5829cbf7b",
            "input": "Imetelstat, a potential new cancer therapy agent, works by targeting the enzyme that repairs these   structures. Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak received the 2009 Nobel Prize for determining the role of  these structures, which typically adopt a G-quadruplex shape. The shortening of these structures   explains the Hayflick limit to cell division and is the basis for the cellular theory of aging, and that  shortening of these structures can lead to cell senescence or apoptosis. Consisting of thousands of  TTAGGG repeats in humans, name these end sequences of chromosomes that prevent genes from  being lost during DNA replication.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d40cd956edb44b9bffddd3cf8c27b86",
            "input": "This process was first observed by Jan Ingenhousz in 1785. It corresponds to a Fokker-Planck Equation with no deterministic term and constant stochastic term, and it is generally modeled as a Wiener Process, while the Langevin formula can govern the average displacement. It is formally equivalent to the macro-scale diffusion equation with constant diffusion coefficient, and its namesake first observed it occurring for a pollen particle in water. Described by Einstein using the kinetic theory of gas, FTP name this seemingly random motion of a particle in a fluid, the namesake of a Scottish biologist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8cfa76b111374571914a2e29397818c3",
            "input": "The initial description of this novels protagonist describes how he contorts his face to reach awkwardly for his overlarge pocket watch, which has a reliable minute hand but a wonky hour hand. After one character is arrested, a closet full of fine female clothes is found marked with his last name and his unrequited loves first name. Henry Fray and Matthew Moon often swap gossip at Mortons malt-house with Joseph Poorgrass in this work, and another character is feared drowned after he is swept out to sea while bathing. The protagonist is ruined when a dog called Georges son runs his flock over a cliff, and he ends up marrying his true love, whose husband Sergeant Troy is shot by Boldwood. For 10 points, name this novel featuring Gabriel Oak and Bathsheba Everdene, a work of Thomas Hardy that takes its name from a locale away from ignoble strife in Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-270ebaf8a56d4500b2861c7c38d9555c",
            "input": "This author once held diplomatic posts in Genoa, Nice, Lisbon, and Madrid, thanks in part to a Spanish, Basque, and Indian descent. Doris Dana and Langston Hughes translated portions of this writer's work writing into English, and works like \"Tenderness,\" \"Destruction,\" and \"The Wine Press\" highlight her common themes of children and the downtrodden. After releasing the 1922 collection Desolation, she ditched the name Lucila Godoy Alcayaga and went on to write her \"Sonnets of Death. \"  FTP name this Chilean writer, the first Latin American author to win the Nobel Prize.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-86154b5959264dd9938153c4510c559d",
            "input": "Ceva's theorem deals with lines constructed in these polygons, and Apollonius' theorem also deals with these polygons. The Euler line of one of them passes through several significant points, including the center of the nine-point circle. Their area can be calculated using Heron's formula. A fractal named for Sierpinski is based on these polygons, which have centroids, orthocenters, and circumcenters. For 10 points, name these polygons which may be scalene or equilateral.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8ef27186d34402d9660d8a9cd73ab4f",
            "input": "A character from this author's The Man Who Laughs was the indirect origin of Batman's nemesis the Joker. In one novel, this author wrote about the character Eponine, whose parents are cruel innkeepers who mistreat the young orphan Cosette. In another novel, this author wrote of the Captain Phoebus, who is stabbed by Frollo while kissing the gypsy Esmeralda. For 10 points, name this French novelist who wrote about the thief Jean Valjean in Les Miserables and about Quasimodo in The Hunchback of Notre Dame.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2517d1faccd84e51a5913b39de351054",
            "input": "one short story, this author wrote about an eight year old who accuses his bully Odd Henderson of theft at a party. He wrote about the widow Mrs. H. T. Miller who lives alone until encountering and being tormented by the title girl at a movie theatre in another story. In a story by this author, Buddy and his elderly relative Sook make fruitcakes and mail them all around the country and exchange their customary gift of kites. This author of \"The Thanksgiving Visitor\" and \"Miriam\" meant to include the chapter \"Unspoiled Monsters\" in his lifelong Proustian project titled Answered Prayers. In a novel, he wrote about the thirteen year old Joel Harrison Knox moving to Scully's landing and meeting his quadriplegic father and the tomboy Idabel, a character based on Harper Lee. Another of his novels follows the experiences in New York City of Holly Golightly's. For 10 points, name this author of Other Voices, Other Rooms and Breakfast at Tiffany's .",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8665cfa07c04ff5972a907b96048e46",
            "input": "One form of it uses a reaction between iodine and sulfur dioxide to measure the presence of water, and is named for Fischer. A conductometric version of performing it requires the temperature to be constant, while the redox variety of it uses a potentiometer. This process is generally represented by a sigmoid curves, whose midpoint usually gives the equivalence point. For 10 points, identify this method used to find the concentration of an unknown sample, notably used with acids and bases.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a52712ff7d1e4907b5a4960b755db1e4",
            "input": "In the preface of this work, its protagonist states that his fascination with an araucaria plant is due to its expression of middle-class cleanliness. Its protagonist is told to go to the Black Eagle during a funeral procession, after which he is prevented from committing suicide on his fiftieth birthday by a character that reminds him of Rosa Kreisler. That character encourages him to meet Maria and a jazz musician, who invites the protagonist into his \"magic theatre. \" While each door leads to a different world, the protagonist finds Pablo with Hermine, whom he stabs with a knife. The half-animal instincts of Harry Haller are detailed in, FTP, which novel by Herman Hesse",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-985069ebc2b5426cb178d36461daef0f",
            "input": "This theorist identified the Parthenon as an example of selection applied to an established standard, and argued that standards were necessary to face the 'Problem of Perfection.' Along with Amedee Ozenfant, this theorist co-wrote the Purist manifesto Apres le Cubisme. He emphasized the use of pilotis to suspend buildings off the ground as a hallmark of his style, and the largest of his Open Hand sculptures is in the (*) Indian city of Chandigarh. He also designed a system of proportions based on the human body which he called the Modulor. This architect enumerated 'Five Points of Architecture,' which he adapted from a treatise with a chapter titled for 'Eyes that do not See.' For 10 points name this Swiss architect who wrote Towards a New Architecture and designed the Villa Savoy.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c878c60ee79422b8835c31d4bd7ae77",
            "input": "Returning from Athens, the protagonist of this work meets Polemarchos on the road and goes back with him to his home. Meeting Polemarchos' father, Cephalus, in the courtyard, the three men and Thrasymachus engage in a conversation during which Thrasymachus attempts to force the central figure to abandon his question-and-answer method. Dicussing the question of justice, the group concludes that justice favors the strong. A work in 10 Books, the tenth rejects poetry while the seventh contains the famous allegory of the cave. FTP identify this Platonic Dialouge in which Socrates describes the idea of the philosopher king and the government of an ideal state.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0b18f34f2b4944f6ba33cdf0f2d65d8a",
            "input": "This leader seized upon previous legislation passed by the Christian Democrats to expropriate any estates over eighty hectares in size and later established local rationing boards that went by the acronym JAP. His policies were opposed by such groups as Order and Freedom and Fatherland and Liberty, but enabled by the laissez-faire ethos of the \"Schneider Doctrine,\" which allowed his victory over Paper Manufacturer Jorge Alessandri to stand. Disturbances during this man's time in office include the El Teniente Copper strike and the rebellion of a tank regiment near the capital. His eventual successor replaced the loyal Carlos Prats as a member of this man's cabinet in August of 1973, one month before he would lead a coup against this man. For 10 points, identify this leader of the Popular Unity Party, a Socialist president of Chile who was deposed by Augusto Pinochet.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5617dd5fc6aa454ca376a53e68bd5665",
            "input": "response to an economic downturn, he signed a bill that disallowed purchasing federal land on credit but decreased the price of that land to a dollar twenty five an acre. After the ambush of a trapping expedition, he sent Henry Leavenworth to suppress the Arikara tribe. This man's term saw the negotiation of a treaty sometimes named for the year of its signing or called the London Convention which corrected the Mitchell Map and set the Canadian border at the 49th parallel. Other treaties signed during his term include one which demilitarized the Great Lakes and another that set borders along the Arkansas and Red Rivers and acquired Florida from Spain. Although he presided over the Rush-Bagot and Adams-Onis treaties, his most famous contribution to foreign policy states that European interference in the Western hemisphere would not be tolerated. For 10 points, name this president during the Era of Good Feelings who had a namesake doctrine.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4948df12b6849aca1ffc66f415a5469",
            "input": "A minor character in this work explains that two odious looking casts are faces of former clients of the firm for which he works. The protagonist of this novel works with a day laborer named Orlick, who he suspects of attacking his sister, and meets a good-natured girl named Biddy. A man named Wemmick is an underling for the lawyer Mr. Jaggers in this work, and another character in this work kills Compeyson during a fight in the water and goes by the alias Mr. Provis. The protagonist's brother-in-law is Joe Gargery and his roommate is Herbert Pocket, a relative of his former employer Miss Havisham. FTP, name this novel about Abel Magwitch and Phillip Pirrip by Charles Dickens.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57970b514ec940f8ae97ce04b6dacd8a",
            "input": "Dividing this equation through by the acceleration of gravity gives you the head equation. This law can be derived by integrating the inviscid Newtonian Navier-Stokes equation along a streamline. It gains a term of the specific internal energy if the flow is compressible. A form of local energy conservation for an ideal fluid, it explains the Venturi effect and some aspects of flight. FTP, name this principle, usually stated as v-squared over two plus p over rho plus g z is constant; a principle of fluid mechanics named for a Swiss mathematician.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6116151c2874804bf7faef2b1a90659",
            "input": "One image in this poem describes men \"who walked all night with their shoes full of blood\" before finding a room full of \"steamheat and opium. \" Another image contemplates men that \"ate lamb stem of the imagination\" and dreamed \"of the pure vegetable kingdom. \" It compares sailors to \"American seraphim\" before describing a \"blond and naked angel\" in a Turkish bath. The second part of this poem recites names for one figure such as \"the incomprehensible prison\" and \"whose fate is a cloud of sexless hydrogen\" while the third part is a plea to another figure in Rockland--those figures are Moloch and Carl Solomon respectively. For 10 points, name this Ginsberg poem that begins \"I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-363d7bcce93049da90fed389838de855",
            "input": "A similar reaction to it sees the addition of an R group at the alpha carbon of an ester and is named for Horner and this reaction's namesake. One variation of this reaction uses a proton donor to reduce a carbon-lithium bond formed due to excess lithium to selectively yielding of the E type of product, and is called the Schlosser modification. It sees the formation of the zwitterionic betaines which undergo an oxaphosphetane intermediate, and phosphine oxide is a by-product of this reaction which usually yields Z alkenes. For 10 points, name this reaction that uses an aldehyde or ketone and a phosphorus ylide to produce alkenes and is named after a German chemist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebf9fe652e6b4e4a934206ed78cacd12",
            "input": "This element was first observed by Jules Janssen during the solar eclipse of 1868. It can be used to detect small leaks in high pressure containers, but its most common application involves cooling superconducting magnets in MRI scanners. As temperature approaches absolute zero, this substance forms a Rollin film, enabling it to creep along surfaces as a (*) superfluid. It's also mixed with nitrogen and oxygen as a breathing gas for deep-sea divers, and because sound propagates faster in gases with low molecular weights, inhaling this gas can increase the pitch of one's voice. For ten points, name this noble gas, the second most abundant element in the universe, which has an atomic number of 2 and chemical symbol He.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6124b526ec1c4be79a0755519b3335bd",
            "input": "This leader defeated General Arnegisclus (ar-neh-GISS-kluss) at the Battle of the Utus shortly before destroying the city of Marcianopolis. He withdrew after the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains against armies under the command of Flavius Aetius (FLAY-vee-us AY-tee-us) and Theodoric (THEE-oh-DOR-ick) I of the Visigoths. This man shared power with his brother Bleda (BLAY-duh) until Bleda's death around 445. For 10 points, identify this man nicknamed the Scourge of God, leader of the Huns.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-833ecb0d5531478284cd1730b9a623b9",
            "input": "During the Gigantomachy, this deity slew Mimas. By Demonice, this god may be the father of the river-god Evenus. This gods sons include the man who raped Philomea, Tereus, and another one of this gods sons was turned into the swan Cygnus. This god was once kidnapped by the Aloadae, two brothers who were also giants, who chained this god to the inside of an urn until he was rescued by Hermes. One of this mans daughters was slain by Achilles at Troy; that daughter was Penthesilea, and Diomedes once wounded this god, whose other daughters include Hippolyta. This gods sisters include Hebe, the goddess of youth, and he is also the brother of Hephaestus, all of whom were born of Zeus and Hera. For ten points, name this father of Phobos and Deimos, the Greek god of war.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77c862d36be242f68007692400b2d76d",
            "input": "Richard Cassels and Edward Lovett Pearce were two proponents of his namesake style during its popularity in Ireland, and his systematic approach to his discipline resulted in parametric formulas whereby dimensions of frames and details were based on the size of other components. The bell tower of one of his works fell in 1774, and that church houses Tintoretto's Fall of Manna. In addition to the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore, this man designed a building with a central dome that Vincenzo Scamozzi lowered upon his death. FTP, name this Renaissance architect of the Villa Capra \"La Rotonda\" who wrote the treatise Four Books of Architecture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1874004af0148c2b6ae38b22aa5204e",
            "input": "This woman is befriended by Lady Aashild, the mistress of Hangen and a supposed witch. Bentein attempts to spread rumors about her and her childhood playmate Arne Gyrdssn after his failed attempt to rape her. Simon Andressn of Dyfrin is jilted by her, though he continues to work on her behalf, even saving her husband Erlend Erlendssn and marrying her younger sister Ramborg. After her death, she converts to Christianity and retires to a convent. Chronicled in the novels The Garland, The Mistress of Husaby, and The Cross, FTP, identify this title character of a saga by Sigrid Undset.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b609f2925484acea8e5556b84fe8c48",
            "input": "This law is apparently contradicted by the Poincare recurrence theorem. The Gibbs paradox deals with apparent violations of this law. Rudolf Clausius stated this law as saying that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cold body to a hotter body. A hypothetical creature which can separate fast molecules and slow molecules, Maxwell's demon, would violate this law. For 10 points, name this law which says that the entropy of an insulated system never decreases.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2eab00d4038549dbaf15cc6060aa67fc",
            "input": "character in this novel pisses off an innkeeper by trying to consume all his food and wine after barricading himself in a cellar with Grimaud, whom he had earlier taught hand signals. One character in this novel is haunted by an event in his past in which he discovered his wife was a common criminal and tried to hang her. The protagonist of this work is served by Planchet, who helps him recover a (*) diamond brooch that the Queen had given to the Duke of Buckingham. The protagonist of this novel inadvertently schedules three duels for the same day while chasing his nemesis the \"Man from Meung,\" who turns out to be the Comte de Rochefort, an ally of Milady de Winter and Richelieu. For 10 points, name this novel in which d'Artagnan joins a group with Athos, Porthos, and Aramis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a2c92f2dd4a47ecb419b9f44e85f3d6",
            "input": "A DH Lawrence poem compares \"Peace\" to a substance from one of these entities \"walking like a royal snake.\" Emma Hamilton's husband loves these things in a novel about her affair with Horatio Nelson. A novel titled after one of these objects opens with a remembrance of how the Taskersons used to vacation next to the family of ($) Jacques Laruelle. In addition to \"silence, water, and hope\", \"From the Heights of Macchu Picchu\" implores the reader to give \"iron, struggle, and\" these entities. (*) Arne Saknussemm left a coded journal detailing his exploration of one of them in a novel that sees Professor Lindenbrock and Axel journey to the center of the Earth. One of these entities killed the author of the Natural History, an event written about by his nephew Pliny the Younger. For ten points, identify these landforms, one of which the story of alcoholic Mexican consul Geoffrey Firmin in Malcolm Lowry's most famous novel is set \"Under.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a224e1deb9ac472fbe6ec49559eadc5a",
            "input": "One person with this surname was supported by the Northern Alliance and the Aizu domain, and was allied with the Matsudaira clan. One leader with this surname was defeated by Takeda Shingen, but later won a major battle at Nagashino, in alliance with a man who was betrayed and killed by Akechi Mitsuhide, Oda Nobunaga. One man with this surname was defeated by the Choshu and Satsuma domains in the Boshin War, leading to the Meiji Restoration. For 10 points, what is this surname of the winner of the Battle of Sekigahara, which names the last Japanese shogunate",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f6d823acbb04f30b73dc9a939a8f0a7",
            "input": "The work's setting is established regardless of the fact that its artist removed the dome of the Invadiles on the right, as the towers of Notre Dame are visible. Ministers in this work gather to receive papers labeled \"perfecture\", \"nomination of peers\", and \"military commission\", and the depicted process begins with the poor dropping (*) coins into the baskets of lilliputian ministers. The end of the process in this work is set at the excretion of rewards for officials beneath a giant chair, and this work caused its artist to be fined and jailed for 6 months. For 10 points, identify this caricature which shows ministers march up a gangplank to deposit money to a massive Louis-Philippe, a work by Honor Daumier sharing its name with a Rabelais character.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76dd351516d04fd2ad4afa7aeb14a952",
            "input": "Potassium iodate and chloromethane are used to find iodine equivalents in the Andrews version of this procedure, while EDTA and Euriochrome Black T are used to chelate metal ions in the complexometric version of this procedure. The redox variety can use a potentiometer to find the endpoint, but the most famous type uses methylene orange or phenolphthalein. FTP, name this chemical technique, often done with a buret, used to find the concentration of a reactant by dripping in an analyte, usually done with an acid and base.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28ffde39f8b64b538dd22a429c07930a",
            "input": "A fight between The Gimp and Justo takes place in this author's short story \"The Challenge.\" A novel\\n by this author sees Bonifacia take up prostitution to support Josefino, while Don Anselmo builds the title\\n jungle brothel. In another of his novels, a dogcatcher named Ambrosio and a journalist named Santiago\\n discuss at length the rule of Manuel Odria. In one of his best known novels, one of the characters works at\\n Radio Panamerica and the even numbered chapters consist of soap operas written by Pedro Camacho. The\\n author of Conversation in the Cathedral and The War at the End of the World, for 10 points, name this\\n novelist behind Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, a Nobel-winning author from Peru.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbfc7dc34af34ba6b7131f3a92760bee",
            "input": "A popular tourist site in this nation consists of a walkway punctuated by a series of blowholes, an area called Pancake Rocks. This nation owns an island group called the Forty-Fours, part of the Chatham Archipelago. Viaduct Harbor is found at the shores of this nation's largest city, which is nicknamed the \"City of Sails.\" Parts of this nation's state of (*) Otago form the southern part of the Canterbury Plains, which include Christchurch. This nation's highest point lies in the Southern Alps and shares its name with that of a strait that separates its two sections. Auckland is located in this country, where The Lord of the Rings was filmed. For 10 points, name this nation that consists of two large islands located east of Australia, with its capital at Wellington.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc29100b1b8f4dc2a076b3eabd8e843d",
            "input": "In one of his stories, Count Bs picture of Switzerland is shot by Silvio after his wife gives him a pretext for declaring their duel a joke. That story, as well as The Post-Master and The Coffin-Maker, is included in his collection The Tales of the Late P. Belkin. Also the author of a poem about the animation of a bronze statue of Peter the Great, another of his stories focuses on Hermann, who frightens Countess A to death while trying to procure the three-seven-ace combination. In his most famous work, Zaretsky fails to prevent the death of Lensky, who challenges the title character to a duel after he flirted with Olga on Tatianas name-day celebration. For 10 points, name this Russian author of \"The Queen of Spades\" and Eugene Onegin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d18709f47cd4ae0af9012d5e1421e4a",
            "input": "The success of fractional distillation depends this value for substances in a solution. An isoteniscope is used to measure this for a liquid, and partial pressure is equal to the amount of this provided by a component of a mixture. One way to calculate this for varying temperatures is via the Antoine equation, which is derived from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which this is equal to atmospheric pressure, and this value has a direct relationship with the volatility of a solution. For ten points, name this pressure, the pressure at equilibrium of the gas resulting from the boiling of a liquid.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-137d3c96e22c4cdaa7c9e92783f1e0c6",
            "input": "A parody of this author sees the speaker break his dancing partner's leg in Kenneth Koch's \"Variations on a theme of\" this poet. One of this mans poems claims that \"Saxifrage is my flower that splits the rocks,\" while another describes the speaker admiring his own buttocks and claiming I was born lonely, and I am best so! That poem ends, who shall say I am not the happy genius of my household, and its author mentions a contagious hospital and depicts bushes gripping down and beginning to awaken in another poem.This author who pilfered objects that were delicious / so sweet / and so cold also wrote of an object glazed with rain water. For 10 points, name this poet of To Asphodel, that Greeny Flower, Spring and All, This is just to Say, and The Red Wheelbarrow",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0bc56fadf83f419b86e361d265d59aba",
            "input": "The statement \"Ik Onkar\" is a central belief in this faith and is the first line of its Mul Mantra. The Khanda is an important symbol of this religion, which also shows a rejection of the caste system by mandating a single surname for male practitioners. Followers adhere to the articles of faith known as the five K's, of which one practice is to carry a comb at all times, as adherents are not permitted to cut their hair. For 10 points, name this Indian religion whose tenth and final guru was Gobind Singh and whose founder was Guru Nanak.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-111588b5482b42fb88a66f71eafa0a77",
            "input": "One novel by this author sees a object designed by Dechartre in Florence injure Therese's hand during a performance of Faust. In another of his novels, he described the death of d'Astartac after Mosaide kills Coignard, the tutor of Jacques Menetrier. This author of The Red Lily and At the Sign of the Reine Pedauque wrote a novel in which Julien Sariette goes crazy after losing a volume of Lucretius, while Arcade gathers supporters like Zita and Prince Istar to challenge Ialdabaoth. This author of Revolt of the Angels wrote about a man's attempt to get a manuscript from Signor Polizzi in a novel that ends with the kidnapping of Jeanne Alexandre. He also penned a work set in a country ruled by Draco the Great; in that satire, St. Mael baptizes some flightless birds. For 10 points, name this author of The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard and Penguin Island.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cfac83a30440489c8c60f1e5a81f225c",
            "input": "section of this symphony is sung by three repenting women who quote the Rose Chorus in their canon. It was originally planned to have concluded by contrasting the sacred nature of an adagio movement entitled \"Caritas\" with a setting of the pagan hymn \"The Birth of Eros. \" One of its movements is a setting of a Latin song written in the 9th century by Rabanus Maurus. The two movements of this symphony are connected by the \"Accende lumen sensibus\" theme, which comes from the fourth stanza of the hymn that its first movement is a setting of, the \"Veni, creator spiritus. \" This symphony was promoted and nicknamed by Emil Gutmann and its second movement includes a chorus of the Anchorites and soloists voicing the characters Doctor Marianus and Gretchen. It was inspired by Goethe's Faust and included three choirs at its premier. For 10 points, name this massive symphony of Gustav Mahler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f1b86590a4c4292a29fa5a1e0c22851",
            "input": "For this reaction to occur, components occupying the Gamow window must tunnel through the Coulomb barrier. When elements heavier than iron are used in this process, a net energy absorption occurs. Attempts have been made to run current through contained plasma fuel for this process in toroidal magnetic chambers such as stellarators and [*] tokamaks. The proton-proton chain and the CNO cycle are two kinds of this process by which stars turn hydrogen into helium, and Fleischmann and Pons did not actually discover a \"cold\" version of this process. For 10 points, identify this process by which several small atomic nuclei combine to form a larger one.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e5cec41f8c8453aaddfb21722a27955",
            "input": "During this conflict, the Marquis of Hamilton failed to mount an amphibious invasion after his own mother threatened to shoot him if he took part. One side first camped at Birkhill and was then humiliated during a skirmish at Kelso. The initiative of Jacob Astley preserved control of Carlisle for the attackers, who secured a momentary truce called the Pacification of Berwick. The Short Parliament met between two of these events, which were instigated by a 1637 riot in St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh. For ten points, what failed attempt to impose Laudianism on Scotland was known by the name of the religious authorities to be reintroduced there",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4fa5fd1a867f4813a9b21e29d84febfc",
            "input": "Only representatives of the Great Powers were invited, and no representative of a Balkan state was permitted to attend. Disraeli wrote that \"all questions are publicly introduced and then privately settled. \" Among the things that were privately settled were the creation of an Eastern Rumelia, which was placed under Turkish control, and Turkey's retention of Bulgaria's Aegean Sea coast. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania were granted independence and then stripped of territory, and Bosnia Herzegovina was occupied, though not annexed by Austria. FTP name this 1878 conference which extensively revised the Treaty of San Stefano.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-16cbd46732894737b6c0251c2c50d51a",
            "input": "The third movement of Olivier Messiaen's Quartet for the End of Time is named \"Abyss of\" these entities, and in the first movement, the clarinet and violin imitate two of these. The second tone poem in Sibelius's Lemminkainen Suite is named after one of these \"of Tuonela\". A work describing one of these creatures contains a violin cadenza without bar lines and is based on a George Meredith poem. Another one of these animals bewitches King Kashchei and is captured by Prince Ivan. For 10 points, name these animals, one of which, preceded by \"fire\", titles an Igor Stravinsky ballet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8fafe73c1d6f429a89ee7aeefc0b05d7",
            "input": "This ruler set up vassal kings with the title Syenessis in Cilicia, and this ruler subjugated the Massagetai whose warrior queen Tomyris may have killed him. Harpagus defected to the army of this man, who won a victory over Nabonidus. This ruler won a battle against his grandfather, Astyages, at a site where he later founded the city of Pasargadae, and after the Battle of Thymbra he was able to capture Sardis from Croesus, the king of Lydia. This ruler freed the Jews from captivity when he conquered Babylonia, and he also overthrew the Medes.For 10 points, name this man who founded the Achaemenid Empire of Persia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e20c91c5eb7b4a4989308c5f2ab7873f",
            "input": "Both Wounds in the Rain and Whilomville Stories appeared after he settled in England, where his numerous extramarital affairs destroyed his reputation back home in America. The Greco-Turkish War was the subject of his Active Stories and George's Mother focuses on life in the Bowery, which he also did in a better known short novel. He also wrote numerous stories, including \"The Blue Hotel\" and \"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky. \"  FTP, name this author of Maggie, a Girl of the Streets who also wrote of Henry Fleming in Red Badge of Courage.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cea2610b50d14ade93919ecf957290d0",
            "input": "This body of water, which is home to a namesake bull shark, is fed on the far south by the Camastro and Tule Rivers which descend from the Yolaina mountain range. Its southern extension also contains the Solentiname Archipelago, which was the birthplace of a primitivist art movement and has a hotel on its island of Mancarn. Its chief port is Granada and this body's central portion is dominated by Ometepe Island, home to twin volcanoes. To its west lies the Isthmus of Rivas. Sometimes called the \"sweet sea,\" it is connected by the San Juan River to the open sea, but more famously the Tipitapa River flows into it on the north and connects it to another major lake. FTP, name this largest lake in Central America, which shares its name with the nation that also features Lake Managua.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f77c119d1c204a3e82d18592833ff303",
            "input": "One work by this artist appears in another artist's painting in which people like Paul Serusier and Odilon Redon stand around that painting and discuss it. That painting is Maurice Denis' Homage to [this artist]. In 2008, his painting The Boy in the Red Vest was stolen from a Zurich museum. In one painting, this man showed himself sitting on a couch with his tophat behind him watching a servant rip the covers off the title naked woman. In one of his paintings, a triangular stand of trees frames a group of nude women. In one painting, he depicted two men in brown hats sitting at a table engaged in the title activity, with the one on the left smoking a pipe. For 10 points, name this artist of A Modern Olympia, The Large Bathers, and The Card Players, a French post-Impressionist.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7724fa937a8344ee85bc1e80d0a5284b",
            "input": "This author of the essay collection Sociology and Anthropology was renowned for his encyclopedic recall of ethnographic knowledge, and although he never did field work, he focused the attention of French thinkers on ethnology. Among his early works was 1899's Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function, but he is more important for his novel ideas concerning the forms of exchange in Melanesia, Polynesia, and northwestern North America. FTP, who was this nephew of Emile Durkheim, author of Essai sur le don, or The Gift",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-67cf4976415d44548fba58dc1108c800",
            "input": "One ruler of this polity consolidated power by defeating Achyuta of the Ahichhatra. That ruler of this polity issued gold coins commemorating his celebration of the ashvamedha, a horse sacrifice, and depicting himself playing the veena. Another ruler of this polity built the Iron Pillar of Delhi and took a title meaning Sun of Valour, Vikramaditya. The fall of this empire is attributed to invasions by the mysterious Hephtalites, also known as White Huns. Its leaders included Skanda and Samuda and its capital was Pataliputra. This empire patronized Kalidasa, developed the concept of zero, and produced the Kama Sutra. For 10 points, name this empire that ruled India from around 320 to 550 AD, founded by Chandra.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ca9e081487a47c2bb2ea1fdfd76a54a",
            "input": "This character notes that in his twenty-eight years of life, he has never found a man that \"knew how to love himself.\" This man sings \"King Stephen was a worthy peer,\" a drinking song he learned while in England. After his wife twice refuses his order to go home, he calls her a \"villainous whore\" before stabbing her and running offstage, only to reappear as a prisoner. He calls (*) reputation \"an idle and most false imposition\" and warns another man to beware \"the green-eyed monster\" while attempting to convince that man that Cassio is sleeping with Desdemona. For 10 points, name this villain from Othello.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57865590d6694b759c20061773d73b46",
            "input": "In this country's celebration of Epiphany, worshipers venerate tabots, replicas of the Ark of the Covenant, before re-enacting Jesus' baptism. The first muezzin, Bilal, came from this site of the Timkat Festival. This country's Church of Our Lady of Zion purports to contain the original Ark of the Covenant. Frumentius converted this country's king (*) Ezana, who, according to the Kebra Nagast , was descended from Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Christian missionaries converted this country's Axumite Kingdom. For 10 points, name this country once ruled by the Rastafarian Messiah Haile Selassie.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-940163cb6bdb41908db161e1f51ab561",
            "input": "The strength of this phenomenon in an atom is proportional to a function containing a \"hyperbolic cotangent of x over 2J\" term; that function is the Brillouin function, which is replaced in the classical formulation by the Langevin function. Second order perturbation theory includes a variety of this phenomenon named for Van Vleck, and the spin of free electrons on a crystal lattice causes a variant of this phenomenon named for (*) Pauli. In certain materials experiencing this phenomenon, the susceptibility is given by \"C over (T minus T sub c),\" and the susceptibility is inversely proportional to absolute temperature according to Curie's Law. This phenomenon occurs above the Neel temperature as well as above the Curie temperature, and it is caused by the aligning of dipoles. For 10 points, name this weak form of magnetism only present in an external magnetic field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c7512d31dbb746a485010a5116520b7d",
            "input": "This holiday is preceded by a period in which adherents do not shave, cut their hair, or get married. On this holiday, the wearing of leather shoes and application of creams and oils to the body are prohibited, and the fast associated with this holiday lasts from sunset on the eve of this day until nightfall on the next. Traditionally featuring a reading of the kinnot, this holiday is preceded by The Three Weeks. The events this holiday commemorates include the putting down of the revolt of Simon bar Kokhba, the return of the twelve scouts sent by Moses to Canaan, and the destruction of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem. Featuring a reading of the Book of Lamentations, FTP, name this Jewish day of mourning celebrated on the ninth day of a certain month.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d49646c17b540069bbc7dbe9f090701",
            "input": "One object named for this man is a cuboid whose sides and face diagonals have integral lengths, his namesake bricks. A function named for this man is the number of integers less than n relatively prime to n, his totient function. The quantity chi, this man's namesake (*) \"characteristic,\" is equal to vertices plus faces minus edges for polyhedra. This mathematician ushered in graph theory in proving that a certain traversal was impossible because it had none of his namesake cycles. His identity states that a certain number to the power of i times pi equals negative 1. For 10 points, name this Swiss mathematician who solved the Seven Bridges of Konigsberg problem, the namesake of a constant with Mascheroni who did work with the number e.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f8c343c5b3c4a4196634c89fa8f025a",
            "input": "According to one story, this man went to a market after hearing a voice at St. Damien's directing him to repair a local church. This figure was assisted in his most notable task by Bernard of Quintavalle. This man gave away all the merchandise he had brought to a market to a beggar, after which this figure's father practically disowned him. Followers of this figure abide by his namesake \"Primitive Rule.\" Along with Catherine of (*) Siena, this man is a patron saint of Italy. This saint praised God for the creation of things like \"brother Fire\" and \"sister Water\" in the Canticle of Sun. Pope Innocent III authorized this man's creation of the Order of St. Claire and a namesake \"Third Order.\" For 10 points, name this patron saint of animals and namesake of the current pope.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d3b2601a75f42a4a1637cc5f5036515",
            "input": "His friends realize they are \"tied to\" this character after one of them takes a bite out of a turnip when he wants a carrot. The arrival of a character whose name means nothing to them allows a character to recall a family called Gozzo, whose mother had the clap, but after that character leaves with his servant, one of this white-bearded character's workers, the Boy, arrives to tell the two protagonists that he will not arrive this evening, but surely tomorrow. After the reappearance of Lucky and Pozzo in Act Two, the protagonists agree to hang themselves the next day if this character does not arrive. FTP, identify this man of a Samuel Beckett play for whom Vladimir and Estragon are waiting.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43cf38b9b8024cbea9387f0d5a3f69be",
            "input": "Prior to this battle, one commander sent Brigadier Generals David Hunter and Samuel Heintzelman and their divisions over Sudley Springs Ford. Also prior to this engagement, a device demonstrated by Professor Thaddeus S. C. Love was called on to help one side perform reconnaissance efforts. One side's wagon was overturned by artillery fire on Cub Run Creek, and the bridge across that creek was later destroyed. At the end of this battle, blocking the roads of the retreating forces to the north were panicked (*) civilians who had come to watch. A famous statement of the resilience of one man's forces in this battle gave that leader his most recognized nickname; that statement was proclaimed by Bernard Bee. After the poor showing of one side in this engagement, its commander was fired and replaced with George McClellan. For ten points, name this battle, a victory of the forces of Joseph E. Johnston, P. G. T Beauregard, and Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson over Irvin McDowell in July 1861, the first major battle of the Civil War in northern Virginia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd1d11bde4214a0f9354406b31a40f5a",
            "input": "This composer included movements inspired by Decoration Day and Thanksgiving in his Holiday Symphony, while his fourth symphony contains a section that incorporates the Watchman hymn. Ragtime influences can be seen in his composition Central Park in the Dark, a work which was grouped in the collection Two Contemplations with his piece The Unanswered Question. This composer of the Concord Sonata may be best known for a work that contains a movement named after \"\"The Housatonic at Stockbridge. \"\" For 10 points, name this American composer of Three Places in New England.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b03ef7b0e2d4154a679d20a810dc028",
            "input": "One type of this can be approximated with a model that incorporates hardness and which is similar to the Oren-Nayer model, the Blinn model. The Cook-Torrance model involves terms for surface roughness and geometric attenuation and implements a four dimensional model for it, the BRDF. Another model of this process employs a namesake interpolation and combines the constants ks, kd, and ka and is known as the Phong model. The Lambertian model for this does not change based on the position of the viewer and is used in modeling the diffuse form of this, the opposite of the specular type of it. The angle of this is equal to the angle of incidence, while at angles larger than the critical angle, the total internal type of this occurs. FTP, identify this phenomenon commonly produced by lakes and mirrors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4af8bc26755547218228a28fdc8eb2b5",
            "input": "Especially strong ones occur over distances less than 2.8 angstroms and are referred to as low-barrier, and they can be studied in solids by inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy. They are responsible for the formation of negative azeotropes in solutions of haloacids. Both parallel and antiparallel ones can be found in beta sheets, and they are also present between i and i+4 residues of an alpha helix. These interactions are also responsible for base pairing between segments of DNA, and for increasing the boiling point of substances like ethanol and formaldehyde. FTP, name this type of intermolecular force exhibited by water, which occurs between an electronegative atom and an atom of the namesake element.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea7ef1b8586a46b78d9e3a3cb7e0a08b",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel receives a copy of the book Reform the Only Way while attending a meeting of the Arwacas Aryan Association, and earlier he shocked the schoolyard with his blue piss, which he accomplished by eating Dodd's Kidney Pills given to him by his friend Alec. In one episode from this novel a man impulsively spends all his money to buy his daughter a dollhouse for Christmas leaving no money for his son's gift, which leads his wife to destroy the dollhouse to placate the son. The protagonist builds a shelter in Green Vale with the help of his son Anand that is eventually burnt down by a mob of disgruntled workers, while earlier his father drowns after diving into a river to rescue him when he slips in after letting a valuable calf drown. The title character of this novel moves to Port of Spain to work at the newspaper, the Sentinel, and in his previous job as a sign painter he first visited Hanuman House where he met his eventual wife Shama. For 10 points, name this novel that concludes when the six-fingered Mohun buys the titular residence liberating himself from his oppressive in-laws, the Tulsi family.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d2c867b46884544ba388ff6b6c5508c",
            "input": "He wrote about Una Golden who marries Edward Schwirtz instead of Walter Babson in The Job, and a man discovers he is the descendent of Xavier Pic in Kingsblood Royal. In one work, Doremus Jessup tries to stop the political career of Buzz Windrip, while another of his characters survives a fire that destroys the \"Waters of Jordan Tabernacle\" and Sharon Falconer, after he seduces Lulu Baines at the Mizpah Seminary. This author of It Can't Happen Here and Elmer Gantry, also wrote about Erik Valborg's affair with Carol Kennicott, who fails to reform Gopher Prairie. For 10 points, name this author of Babbitt and Main Street.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-516a7bf9fbcd41eb88203dd65e14f735",
            "input": "This molecule's namesake \"synthase\" consists of an --- complex whose active sites are joined by a solvent-filled tunnel, according to the structure determined by Hyde, Miles, and Davies. Unlike two similar molecules whose hydroxylations also exhibit the NIH shift, this molecule's biosynthetic pathway includes anthranilate. One intermediate in its degradation pathway spontaneously forms (*) quinolate, and that pathway's last seven steps are identical to that of lysine. The aroH operon shares a repressor with two E. coli operons named after this amino acid, and a decarboxylase converts its 5-hydroxy form to serotonin. For 10 points name this essential amino acid that contains an indole group, is symbolized W, and is responsible for feelings of sleepiness after eating too much turkey.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da93bf9c94d04d6096cf0b7cc97188d4",
            "input": "In a novel set in this city, Asya's tattoo-parlor running mother Zeliha refuses to tell her the identity of her father--that Elif Safak novel is titled the \"Bastard of\" this city. A journey on foot from London to this city is recounted in A Time of Gifts and Between the Woods and the Water by Patrick Leigh Fermor. Travelogues by Gerard de Nerval and Gustave Flaubert are discussed in a book about this city that defines a \"life-affirming\" melancholy called (*) huzun. Candide marries a newly-ugly Cunegonde after voyaging to this city, where Candide decides to \"cultivate [his] garden\" at the end of the novel. This city is the setting for a novel narrated at times by a horse, a coin, and the devil, in which Black romances Shekure while investigating three miniaturists for murder. For 10 points, name this setting of My Name is Red, a novel by Turkish author Orhan Pamuk.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c9a25c5de5a043d7a6cd2fe8a1d973d5",
            "input": "Henry Dundas was impeached for mis-appropriation of public money while serving as First Lord of the Admirality in this man's government, a charge he could not defend since it would have required revealing payments to French spies. This man delayed the Regency Bill, so preventing royal power from passing to the Prince of Wales, who would likely have elevated Charles James Fox over this man. This man supported George III, but fell out with him over the issue of Catholic Emancipation after passing the Act of Union, so he resigned. The fall of this man's first government, which had staunchly opposed the French revolution and succeeding regimes, was a central reason for the Treaty of Amiens, and the return of this man to power in 1804 hastened the resumption of war with France. For ten points, name this Prime Minister whose father also governed Britain during a long and expensive war with France.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4189dc2a2a0740b4a216fe58368971c3",
            "input": "This man rallied a Yale student militia to defend a British assault on New Haven. This man asked for monetary assistance from the Marqus de Casa Irujo and mustered his forces on Blennerhassett Island. Eventually, he informed General James Wilkinson of his plan to invade Mexico. Acquitted of treason at his trial, this man had earlier presided over the impeachment of Samuel Chase. He enlisted Tammany Hall to win Thomas Jefferson the state of New York in 1800 and received an equal number of electoral votes in the election, forcing the House to choose a winner. For 10 points, name this Vice-President who killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ba3e0c8f6144683917c15764381cda5",
            "input": "The schypozoans and cubozoans of this phylum possess simple sensory organs known as rhopalia. They have a central gastrovascular cavity which functions as mouth, gas-exchange organ, and anus. Some organisms in this phylum are parasitic, including the unusual genus Polypodium which lives inside its hosts cells, but most are predatory animals. First appearing in the Ediacaran period 600 million years ago, most have a life cycle which alternates between a sessile asexual polyp stage and an ambulatory, sexual medusa form. Getting their name from the specialized venomous cells common to many of its members, for ten points, what is this phylum which includes sea anemones, coral polyps, and jellyfish",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d49d35aa8a0f4f9ea171945880e5e75a",
            "input": "The winning side lost only 50 men compared to 1,200 casualties for the losers, whose commander escaped but had a 30,000-pound bounty placed on his head. Based on intelligence from Lord George Murray, the eventual winners took up a position where the opposition was restricted by flanking dykes and then butchered by 20 minutes of canon fire. It began soon after one army had reached Derby with about 5,000 men, who were intent on taking London and placing James the Eighth on the English throne. On this site in Inverness-shire forces under the duke of Cumberland smashed Highlanders led by Prince Charles Edward Stuart, aka Bonny Prince Charlie. FTP, name this battle that decisively ended the Jacobite Rebellion begun the year before, in 1745.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47868b346afe47d385cf302b1dd961fb",
            "input": "In a core text of this religion, a dying man tells his visitor to imagine the world as a large furnace and the Creator as a blacksmith. In this religion's cosmology, the heaven and earth combined are represented by the gourd, whereas the human body contains three regions known as \"cinnabar fields,\" including one in the lower abdomen that is depleted of energy any time someone masturbates. One of this religion's texts consists of Inner, Outer, and Mixed Chapters of differing authorship, and includes a bit in which its namesake expresses doubt as to whether he is (*) dreaming of a butterfly or vice versa. Another of its texts begins \"The way that can be followed is not the eternal way,\" and elucidates the principle of action through inaction, or wu wei. For 10 points, name this religion whose precepts are illustrated by the Zhuangzhi and Dao De Jing, which was written by Lao-tzu.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40114e1725e041f1a46cc3d5ed9fcf66",
            "input": "In the guise of Grimnir, this figure was given water by Agnar while testing the character of Agnar's father Geirrod. Valakjalf, which is built of solid silver, is the location of this god's seat of Hlidskjalf, from which Freyr once looked out and was cursed into falling in love. The insubordination of Brynhild caused this god to lock her in a wall of fire. He possesses Geri and Freki, two wolves, whom he feeds all of his food because he consumes nothing but wine. He once gave up his right eye to Mimir in order to drink from the Well of Wisdom, and owns a spear named Gungnir that never misses its target. For 10 points, name this ruler of the Norse pantheon, known as the Allfather.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0eeaa2dd155f4089831f3364d60d7b68",
            "input": "This man has written several essays about the necessity of art, which include Return to Painting and The Case for Literature. This man wrote about the journal of an ecologist to a rural land to thnk about time in one of his plays, while his first play prominently features the title sound. In addition to Wild Man and Signal Alarm, this writer wrote the plays Dark City and Shelter the Rain. This man collected some novellas in the collection Such a pigeon with red lips, while The Temple, In the Park, and The Accident appear in his short story collection A Fishing Rod for My Grandfather. This author of the play Bus Stop wrote a famous novel in which the narrator refers to himself both as he and she and after being misdiagnosed, goes to rural China to discover the title place of spiritual fulfillment. For ten points, identify this Chinese expatriate author of Soul Mountain.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0811cdc22d964665a421b83021e7fbff",
            "input": "The Hansen parameters are used to predict this property of a substance. Cerium sulfate is anomalous in that this property decreases as its temperature increases. The common ion effect is a decrease in this property for certain ionic compounds. Henry's law states that for a gas, this quantity is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas. Supersaturation occurs when the value for this quantity under normal conditions has been exceeded. For 10 points, give this measure of the amount of a substance that can dissolve in another substance.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d0feced8e21434db142febe44f23c93",
            "input": "This man is identified with Quetzalcoatl by John Taylor and other Church of Latter Day Saints leaders. The \"Q Source\" is a hypothetical collection of this man's quotations. At this man's trial, elders worry about losing \"our place and our nation. \" In one story, he refused to turn stones into bread, stating that \"man cannot live by bread alone. \" This man was condemned to death after a crowd chose to spare Barabbas instead, an event that prompted Pontius Pilate to wash his hands. For 10 points, name this man, the son of God according to a large world religion.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be484668a097455991b295d9071ca876",
            "input": "This nations notable admirals include Juan Williams, whose navy was victorious at Punta Gruesa, Chipana, and Iquique. Its first European ruler was the conquistador Pedro de Valdivia, who met resistance from the native Mapuche. Another ruler of this land had an Economy Minister named Pedro Vuskovic, who put forth a plan to nationalize all land holdings greater than eighty hectares, as well as this nations copper mines, which led to his replacement by a ruler who was associated with the Caravan of Death and the Chicago Boys. For ten points, name this South American nation previously ruled by Salvador Allende, Augusto Pinochet, and Bernardo OHiggins.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92755905d72a4ea08fec478ecbae4912",
            "input": "The Ava Bridge crosses this river at Sagaing, while other bridges cross at Dedaye and Chauk. Its westernmost distributary passes through the city of Pathein. The Myitsone Dam is under construction on this river two miles downstream from the confluence of the Mali and N'mai Rivers in Kachin State, whose cities of Myitkyina and Bhamo lie along this river. The Chindwin is the chief tributary of this river, which lies between the Arakan Mountains to its west and the Salween River to its east. Home to a namesake beakless dolphin, this river rises in the Himalayas and flows into the Andaman Sea after passing by Mandalay. For 10 points, identify this river which flows through Myanmar.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca51fafdd02a40e9b88ccbe35a08c090",
            "input": "In one work by this author, Bernick confesses to the townspeople that Johan did not steal his mother's fortune. This author of The Pillars of Society wrote a work in which an avalanche buries the sculptor Arnold Rubek, as well as a work in which Dr. Stockmann discovers that there is contaminated water in the town baths. This author of When We Dead Awaken and An Enemy of the People created a character who tells Eilert Lovborg to commit suicide, as well as a character that walks out on her children and her husband Torvald. For 10 points, names this Norwegian playwright who created Nora Helmer and wrote Hedda Gabler and A Doll's House.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ed1248649c04136ac45add0f3f559b5",
            "input": "Historical verification of this event was provided by Jean Froissart and Jean de Vanette. The leader of this event was invited to truce talks in Mello, but upon arriving was seized and immediately decapitated. One cause of this event was the inability of the French government to stop the plundering of northern France by unpaid English, German, and Spanish mercenaries after the completion of the Hundred Years War, but the main cause were the heavy taxes and payments of compensation for the war that the nobles levied on the peasants. For ten points, name this French revolt of 1358 whose name is now synonymous with peasant uprisings.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-36e09b97870e47eab4d9768918054154",
            "input": "One of his works, entitled Learning to Live Finally, is set to be posthumously released in 2007, and his earliest work included an introduction to Husserls The Origin of Geometry. His first political tract famously lists ten plagues of the global capitalist system, and another of his works is written in two columns, one devoted to Hegel and the other to Genet. In addition to Spectre of Marx and Glas, he is most famous for a form of textual criticism which relies on analyzing the frameworks and assumptions behind a work in order to view it in a new light. FTP, name this French philosopher and author of Writing and Difference and Of Grammatology, the founder of deconstruction.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f1d8ce097ea4f5b85a89df594f3424b",
            "input": "One member of this phylum was the textbook \"\"keystone organism,\"\" whose biological impact is large proportionate to its biomass in an ecosystem. Members of this phylum have exterior \"\"tube feet,\"\" which are extensions of their water vascular systems. This phylum contains radially symmetric organisms like sea cucumbers, sand dollars, and crinoids. For 10 points, name this animal phylum whose members include starfish and sea urchins, the name of which means \"\"spiny skinned. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84bde86a44e3436c8456b2eba73fbc68",
            "input": "Unlike similar procedures, a parallel version of this algorithm requires no synchronization, and requires big-O of n time given big-theta of n processors. Combining this algorithm, which was originally developed by C.A.R Hoare, with heapsort gives introsort, which is faster on average because heapsort has a better worst-case runtime. Its second step is referred to as the partition function, which divides the original list into elements that are higher or lower than a given pivot value. FTP, name this algorithm that runs in big-O of n log n time, that sorts a list by repeatedly creating two sub-lists and resorting, named for its speed.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ac363b283ef4f62a9ca944183b2815d",
            "input": "Following the revolution of the Young Turks, Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburn-Gotha proclaimed himself king of this country, which lost South Dobruja in a 1913 treaty. While under Turkish rule, Stefan Stambulov led a rebellion here in 1876, and later, the Congress of Berlin reduced the size of this country by revising the very generous Treaty of San Stefano. Long ruled by the Communist Todor Zhivkov, for 10 points, name this Balkan country, the successor to a medieval empire whose tsars Simeon and Samuel fought the Byzantines to its east.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-549136ae24044626b7a2d7cd1830bc26",
            "input": "Possibly as a response to rumors of their illicit relationship, this man put his son Crispus and wife Fausta to death. This man brought back the solidus coins, introduced by his predecessor, and regained control over the empire after a meeting at Chrysopolis led to the surrender of his co-emperor. The buckling of a wooden or possibly pontoon bridge proved decisive in his greatest victory. That engagement was the battle of the Milvian Bridge, during which his rival Maxentius drowned in the Tiber. Along with co-emperor Licinius, the man issued the Edict of Milan, introducing religious tolerance in Rome. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor who rebuilt Byzantium and converted to Christianity.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24acb82f22cd4836b012084f523b9f49",
            "input": "An orgy of violence erupted in this city after Oeonus stoned the guard dog of several brothers here. A statue of Aidos, or Modesty, was erected by a ruler of this city when his daughter covered her face with a veil to indicate that she was leaving with her husband. The town of Amyclae near this city was the cult center of Hyacinthus of lustful-discus-murder fame. Because their mother did not know who was born first, the Oracle of Delphi resolved that Procles and Eurysthenes should (*) both be made kings of this city. In this city, Icarius lost a footrace to Odysseus, who married Penelope as a result. Near this city, a horse was sacrificed and atop the pieces of its carcass, a bevy of suitors swore an oath to protect whoever of them was successful. This city passed from the hands of Tyndareus to the suitor who drew the correct straw and had his house raided by Paris. For 10 points, name this city ruled by Menelaus and Helen just before the Trojan War.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fbd8359144994089bf79cbbdbdd2e597",
            "input": "This thinker described \"what he saw when he was dead\" in \"The Undiscovered Country,\" and attempts to eviscerate Wittgenstein's private language argument in The Concept of a Person and Other Essays. Like Bertrand Russell, this thinker engaged the Jesuit priest Frederick Copelston in a series of BBC debates on the nature of religious language. In his magnum opus he obviates religious statements as meaningless since they are neither tautologies nor can they be empirically verified, which leads to him to a meta-ethical principle known as emotivism. For 10 points, name this British logical positivist philosopher, author of such works as The Problem of Knowledge and Language, Truth and Logic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a74c31d06c1c42aeac3ae93c0a5eff1b",
            "input": "Horst Janson suggested that one of this man's works must have been made to conform to one of his works with an older Madonna located in the Il Santo. That work includes a face with wings centered on the chest of a woman, and heads appear at the top of cylinders in front of the central figures. Critics have stated that his influence can be seen in the low-relief drapery style in Mantegna's Saint James Addressing the Demons, as a boy in a tunic is seen stepping behind another figure in that work, as well as in this man's Miracle of the Speaking Babe. A portion of another of his works was inspired by a Roman Cosmati work, and depicts (*) dancing and leaping putti. Critics have also suggested that the two small nude horsemen in one of his works were included to appease intellectuals in Padua; that work's subject was Erasmo of Narni. For 10 points, identify this Renaissance sculptor of the Galleria Cantoria and the equestrian Gattamelata.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-41e298e16e9e4e69aac79a53981601e1",
            "input": "One opera by this composer ends with Death departing and Satyavan coming back to life. In addition to Savitri, he composed the opera At the Boar's Head. Orchestral works by this composer include the Thomas Hardy inspired tone poem Egdon Heath, and a work named for the school where he taught, St. Paul's Suite. The movements \"Song of the Blacksmith\" and \"Fantasia on the Dargason\" conclude his Second Suite in F for Military Band. His best-known work was inspired by astrology and contains seven movements, the first of which features an ostinato rhythm in 5/4, and is entitled \"Mars, the Bringer of War. \" For 10 points, name this English composer of The Planets.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-20e090f4c62e405a9246d5827a5cc086",
            "input": "When this process is induced by a magnetic field in a paramagnetic system, the critical field for the onset of instability decreases with layer thickness. Two types of this phenomenon are related by the Archimedes number; when that number is very small one of its forms is described by the Peclet number. This phenomenon can be quantified, as long as the product of the Prandtl and Reynolds numbers are greater than one-fifth, by the Churchill-Bernstein equation. A compositional form of this phenomenon generates the earth's magnetic field. Its natural type is governed by the ratio of density difference times little g times length scale cubed to diffusivity times dynamic viscosity, the Rayleigh number. For a boundary, the ratio of this to conduction is given by the Nusselt number. For 10 points, name this mode of heat transfer that relies on the motion of currents in a fluid.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-275660ce58af4a56bb8f5228851b72f0",
            "input": "This author wrote one work in which Serenus Zeitblom narrates the story of his childhood friend and composer Adiran Laverkuhn. In another work, this author traced the decline of a wealthy German merchant family from Lubeck headed by Johann. In a third of this man's novels, the protagonist travels to a sanatorium to visit his cousin Joachim Ziemssen, but Behrens persuades Hans Castorp to stay at the title location. For 10 points, name this German novelist of Buddenbrooks and The Magic Mountain.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8d48091864b440db9e2b8dedb3fc71a8",
            "input": "One part of this book suggests that since Naaman suffered to bow in the house of Rimmon, Christians should outwardly yield to a non-Christian sovereign. The author claims that Romulus was the first saint in a chapter entitled \"Of What Is Necessary For a Man's Reception into The Kingdom of Heaven. \" The claims that our thoughts are deterministically governed by the law of association and that life is merely the motion of limbs are found in its first section \"Of Man\", while later the author holds that obedience to moral rules is necessary for peaceable living. Subtitled The Matter, Form, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil, FTP, what is this masterpiece of Thomas Hobbes",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-adc200716a2f4ea6b9386b488e4960ee",
            "input": "One proponent of this movement decorated the Sanssouci Palace. Besides Francois Gaspard Adam, another sculpture of this school created a bust of Pope Benedict XIII, and also sculpted the Barbarini Faun. Yet another sculptor of this movement depicted a lion eating a dude's thigh in Milo of Croton and showed a winged figure shushing the viewer in his Amour Menacent. Another sculpture from this movement shows Cupid fashioning a bow out of the club of Herclues, while another proponent shows Peter the Great on a rearing horse in the Bronze Horseman. For 10 points, name this movement of Etienne Falconet and Bouchardon, an ornate 18th-century style.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81673bf9ec264ff9a9d7e463c620cfd7",
            "input": "One study about this country posited that its people engage in a behavior called amae, in which they induce others into a parent/child-like relationship. It's not China, but this subject of The Anatomy of Dependence saw a surge of female workers known as \"office ladies\" after World War II. The rise of \"herbivore men\" and \"parasite singles\" in this country is thought to be one cause for the disproportionately high number of elderly citizens. For 10 points, name this Asian country home to the hikikomori and such sociologists as Masahiro Yamada.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb807ced4eb74266aabe0e440fc24b80",
            "input": "The first extrasolar planet to be definitively confirmed was found orbiting one of these objects by Alexander Wolszczan. One subclass of them is also known as the \"recycled\" type, and the Hulse-Taylor binary one provided the first observational evidence of gravity waves. Roche lobe overflow leads to the accretion-powered ones that emit x-rays, while the decay of a strong magnetic field powers the magnetar class. Glitches can occur in the originally discovered type of these objects, whose misalignment of rotation and magnetic axes is responsible for their most prominent feature. For 10 points, name these rotating neutron stars that regularly emit radiation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19def7d46061457d890dbfc9da15cf77",
            "input": "One passage in this book discusses a figure who wrote the four-volume work The Pronunciation of Latin in the Unversities of Southern Italy toward the End of the Twelfth Century, while another person mentioned in this book spent thirty years translating all known Egyptian texts into Greek and Sanskrit. Part of this novel recalls the long-dead Plinius, who lived during the Age of the Feuilleton. A character based on Jakob Burkhardt, the Benedictine Father Jacobus, challenges the protagonist of this novel to several theological debates. The protagonist of this novel is required to write three sketches, including one of his previous life as an eastern philosopher. Friedrich Nietzsche is represented in this novel by the eccentric Thomas van der Trave. The protagonist of this novel dies while taking care of the child of his friend and rival Plinio Designori, and he previously had attended school at Waldzell and Eschholz. For 10 points, identify this novel set in Castalia about the Magister Ludi Joesph Knecht, a work by Hermann Hesse. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b848a0ba0be9466bb6e9c313c9f30958",
            "input": "This set of violin concertos includes sections named Linverno, Lestate and La primavera.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e45616d5e9c45ea8eb322afad40d621",
            "input": "In early legends he was also referred to as Ziu and Tiaz, and was primarily concerned with oaths, contracts, and treaties. As his importance waned this patron god of the sword often became referred to as \"the shining one. \" At Ragnarok he will kill the hound Garm and will in turn die from wounds received. The most famous story about him revolves around the testing of Gleipnir for which the most dutiful of all gods was required. FTP, name this Norse god of justice, who had his hand bitten off by Fenris Wolf and whose name gave rise to Tuesday.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f62aad6a5c24528b6288247b6aee9f8",
            "input": "This man argued against excess thrift as destroying the motive to produce in a book that shared a title with a David Ricardo work, Principles of Political Economy. This man's 1796 pamphlet \"\"The Crisis\"\" supported the Poor Laws, though he later argued that they limited the mobility of labor, and this man encouraged workhouses in which \"\"fare should be hard. \"\" In this man's most famous work, he argued that vice, misery, and self-control could regulate the phenomenon that he believed prevented the future improvement of society. For 10 points, name this English economist who postulated that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-402a8c309ef2430faca861bdb5a021a6",
            "input": "One of this man's works contains a naked man holding a bucket showering himself on a plain, while another features a man in a red uniform holding a cherry tree while a boy holds an axe. In addition to Sultry Night and Parson Weems' Fable, he depicted a white church in the middle of a dark town as a man on horseback hurries to the left in one painting, and another work shows the title figures standing in front of a copy of Washington Crossing the Delaware. For 10 points, name this painter of The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere and Daughters of Revolution, an American regionalist best known for a portrait of his dentist and his sister in American Gothic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50d62773c22641059b009d6f8f540b00",
            "input": "Because of resonance stabilization of its conjugate base, the alpha-hydrogen in them is more acidic than in alkanes. Using the Nef reaction, pyridinium salts reacted with secondary amines followed by hydrolysos creates them, as does the Rosenmund reduction that reduces an acyl halide to one. They can be synthesized by reacting a primary alcohol with an oxidizing agent, and they used to be named after their corresponding alcohols. FTP, identify this functional group consisting of an atom of carbon bonded to a hydrogen atom and double-bonded with an oxygen atom, which contains a terminal carbonyl group.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70ebabdb86bd46a5bb1646c63f0e399c",
            "input": "As a college student, he was one of ten people selected to attend the \"World Student Christian Federation Conference\" in China. After switching professions he embarked on a detailed study of Otto Rank's theories and created a theory expounded upon in his A Way of Being and On Becoming a Person. He introduced the notion of organismal valuing and positive regard on his way to advocating a plan that minimized the psychologist's talking in counseling. FTP, name this creator of nondirective or client-centered therapy.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f18f2b16ed4d49719091ada5eb18c85d",
            "input": "In the first one, that narrator becomes aware of a \"mystic shape\" announcing \"not death, but love. \" \"Freely, as men strive for right and \"by sun and candle-light\" are among the (*) answers to the opening line of another. The first use of the namesake form in sequence since the Elizabethan age, for 10 points name this volume including \"How do I love thee\" and written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c21882ef3b02470d83fc4285728a5b39",
            "input": "The \"Bridge of the Woman\" can be found in a district of this city, home to garish houses on Caminito Street and the Monserrat District. The suburb of Quilmes lies south of the Riachuelo River from this city, which was joined in independence by other cities in its country by the Congress of Tucuman (*) after its May Revolution in 1808. Also home to La Boca, the Plaza de Mayo, and a military coup by Jorge Rafael Videla, for 10 points, name this capital city on the Rio de la Plata, home to portenos.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f19166f315a649e89cc7cf00ffdac44e",
            "input": "For particles with j=1/2 that undergo this effect, their Hamiltonian may be solved exactly to give the Breit-Rabi formula. In the strong-field limit of this effect, fine structure can be ignored and it is known as the Paschen-Back effect. The anomalous form of this effect was first observed in the d-lines of sodium, and it occurs when the total spin of the electrons involved is not zero. For 10 points, name this process where spectral lines are split by an external magnetic field, which is contrasted with the Stark effect.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0c34015f6094d479d3448669933fae3",
            "input": "One work by this artist features a woman holding a cloth with the face of Jesus on it, while another depicts two robes figures meeting, meant to represent Saint Elizabeth and the Virgin Mary. In addition to Veil of Veronica and The Visitation, he created a work with a Glory at the top, and depictions of Purgatory and Hell below separate from three kneeling allied leaders, Adoration of the Name of Jesus, and a depiction of a leader of a Roman legion who refused to harass Christians and was summarily executed, the Martyrdom of St. Maurice. He also created a work in which Saint Stephen and Saint Augustine descend to perform the title action. For 10 points, name this painter of The Burial of Count Orgaz.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed9d63be590c42ec9f914a4f62b7878a",
            "input": "Benjamin Britten based his Young Personss Guide to the Orchestra on the theme of this mans Abdelazar. This mans mentor composed the masque Venus and Adonis and was named John Blow. His compositions were collected by his widow in Orpheus Britannicus, whose preface was written by a son of this mans contemporary and friend John Playford. He composed operas based on King Arthur and Spensers The Faerie Queen, and another of his operas contained the noted aria When I am Laid in Earth. For 10 points, name this English Baroque composer of Dido and Aeneas.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-603ef4c9377c456797d0b7cd8e7bf768",
            "input": "The release of fifty-two kings is celebrated during this time, while some celebrate it by making 21 different offerings and 21 different threads over the course of 35 days. Its last day consists of brothers and sisters meeting to express affection, while another day is celebrated with a mountain of food. Its second day celebrates the death of an evil demon, while its fourth day is devoted to the goddess of wealth. Mahavira attained nirvana during this holiday, making it sacred to the Jains, while another group celebrates the return of a king from fourteen years of exile. FTP, name this festival in which people ignite lamps to symbolize guiding Rama back to his kingdom, the Hindu festival of lights.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3583cb60ebe84d1cb5b73ea4e16f3804",
            "input": "Near the beginning of this book the author states that it is devoted to a true understanding of the fiqh or law. The explanation of ma'aseh merkabah is intentionally scattered throughout the book as chapter headings, and to avoid transgressing the prohibition against revealing the secret teaching to man, the book is purportedly addressed as a letter to the author's student Joseph. Contrasted with the author's commentary on the Mishnah Torah, this work is intended to explain the underlying meaning of the Biblical writings. FTP, identify this Arabic text written for the confused by Maimonides.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65d8c36fcefb43da838c75bdf07fab91",
            "input": "For the d-mode approximation associated with this effect, the Racah and Lanczos methods can be effectively applied. It is typically characterized by a parameter that is equal to 1 over h-bar omega times the energy difference between the central maxima and the distorted minima, and for substituted benzenoid cations that parameter is not usually greater than 1. The result of this effect can appear as a vertical line on a Tanabe-Sugano diagram. Where bending results in a lowering of symmetry for linear molecules, there exists a related effect named after one of this effect's namesakes and Renner. A consequence of this effect is the mixing of electronic and nuclear motions, also known as vibronic coupling, which can result in the breakdown in Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Coming in pseudo and dynamical versions, for 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous effect, which is an instability of nonlinear molecular systems in orbitally degenerate electronic states",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7deb0ca0d84643ffb3c3a1c3d9ee485b",
            "input": "Due to swampy terrain and the constricted bridgehead, General O'Reilly's men waited until mid-morning before attacking the opposing infantry along Fontanone Creek in this battle. One side fended off cavalry charges until the arrival of the Consular Guard, yet an attack on Castel Ceriolo failed just as Victor's men could hold on no longer, after which General Zach took over for his wounded leader. However, Desaix's announcement that Boudet's men were on their way led the eventual victors from their position at San Giuliano, thanks to the efforts of Kellermann, and they sent Michael von Melas's forces into retreat. Taking place during the War of the Second Coalition, this is, FTP, which 1800 victory for Napoleon, who drove the Austrians out of northern Italy\r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd755a6fe9594536a6f316860e9b20fa",
            "input": "This thinker differentiated the Greek word \"hypostasis\" from the Latin word \"personae\" to show how two languages can convey the same meaning. He also refuted the claim made by Averroes, whom he called \"The Commentator,\" that people share an intellect. One of this man's works was legendarily inspired by Raymond of Penafort, while another work by this author of (*) Summa contra Gentiles lays out the principles of just war and includes \"degree,\" \"contingency,\" and \"the unmoved mover\" among his five arguments for the existence of God. For ten points, name this 13th-century theologian who wrote Summa Theologica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b715f7a776304296a3e16969d96af6d0",
            "input": "Marsupials are distinguished by their lack of this structure, while in patients suffering from ADHD its bulk is slightly diminished. The section curving forward from the genu into the frontal lobe is called the Forceps minor, while its underside forms the roof of the lateral ventricles. Lying at the bottom of the cerebral longitudinal fissure, it is composed of more than 200 million transverse nerve fibers, and its primary function was discovered in the 1950s when experiments by Myers and Sperry indicated that, FTP, this thick band of white matter connects the two hemispheres of the brain.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4201cb6bc3fb498a92f004bed5620fab",
            "input": "His father was killed during Lord Dunmores War, and his boyhood home was destroyed in the Battle of Piqua. His collaborators included Isaac Brock, a brother with whom he captured a fort commanded by William Hull, and Henry Proctor. After adopting the economic theories of Joseph Brant, he broke with Black Hoof and decribed the abdication of land claims. Henry Proctor failed to show up to his final battle near Chatham, where he was killed, possibly by Richard Mentor Johnson, after rising to prominence as the brother of Tenskwatawa, a prophet. For 10 points, name this Indian leader, the loser at the Battle of the Thames and the Battle of Tippecanoe.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82778f1af7e84c2ea04e84789b9be013",
            "input": "This President's failure to discipline Douglas MacArthur led his electoral opponent to declare \"\"there's nothing inside the man but jelly. \"\" This President was a former engineer who was a proponent of the Efficiency Movement. This man had the Bonus Army broken up. Al Smith was this man's opponent in the 1928 presidential election. For 10 points, name this president who was in office during the 1929 stock market crash and is the namesake of a large Arizona dam.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69abc312028149ca8d1a61d614d4b099",
            "input": "Only the ninth resolution was passed narrowly. Advertised only with an unsigned notice in a county newspaper, it was held in a Wesleyan Methodist church with about 300 attendees. It was convened partly as a result of the World Anti-Slavery meeting in London eight years earlier, and was attended by Frederick Douglass. It was given press by New York Herald editor Gordon Bennet, who in ridicule, published the entire Declaration of Sentiments. Presided over by none other than Lucrecia Mott's husband, FTP name this convention of feminists organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton in 1848.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1efdc7631d1a4ff3a2e4216d7fc2de74",
            "input": "A derivative of phthalic anhydride, this compound was freqently used in laxatives until it was discovered that it might be carcinogenic. It is insoluble in water but soluble in most basic solutions or acetone, and for its primary use is most frequently found in a 1% alcohol solution. For 10 points, identify this crystalline organic compound with formula C20 H14 O4, an indicator which turns red above a pH of 9.6.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53f1bf8d8495446e8bf5a7e81ca7c85f",
            "input": "In one portrait by this artist, a woman wears a black headband and an empire-waist dress while reclining on an antique settee. Another of his portraits shows soldiers pushing cannons in the background; the left foreground of that painting features stones inscribed with \"Carolus Magnus\" and \"Hannibal.\" Besides painting Madame Recamier and depicting a red-caped figure atop a rearing horse, this artist showed a turbaned man clutching a piece of paper in a bathtub. For 10 points, name this French Neoclassicical painter of Napoleon Crossing the Alps, The Death of Marat, and The Death of Socrates.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0aba66df475540399d85454547a79d9f",
            "input": "Important settings in this novel include a prison ship known as \"the Hulks\" and Satis House, while the gallery of comic minor characters features the histrionic Wopsle, the eccentric clerk Wemmick, and the pompous imposter Pumblechook. The protagonist sees the woman he loves mistreated by his enemy, Bentley Drummle, who dies an early death. After learning loyalty and humility while in London living on an allowance of Able Magwitch, he marries Miss Havisham's ward, Estella. FTP, what is this novel about Philip Pirrip by Charles Dickens",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ea2f76f503540edac107f0cbb1faaf7",
            "input": "This thinker argued hypotheses should not be subject to normative judgments, but rather should be evaluated on their \"simplicity\" and \"fruitfulness\" in his essay \"The Methodology of Positive Economics.\" He stated money supply should annually increase by a set percentage in his namesake \"k-percentage rule.\" One of his works claims that the practice of licensing doctors results in worse care and criticizes the Bretton Woods system arguing a floating exchange rate would be more effective. He wrote Free to Choose with his wife Rose and worked with Edmund Phelps to outline the \"natural rate of unemployment\" as a critique of the Phillips Curve. This economist called for a negative income tax to promote free markets in his book Capitalism and Freedom. For 10 points, name this leader of the Chicago School of economics who championed monetarism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6717b7062754ec4affffc9cf6e8632e",
            "input": "In May of 1940 he and a group of militant followers attacked Leon Trotsky's fortified house outside Mexico City, peppering his rooms with machine gunfire, throwing grenades, and detonating dynamite. Somehow Trotsky and his wife escaped without a scratch. This leader of the raid also edited the communist nespaper El Machete, was an associate of Diego Rivera, and led the Mexican Communist Party after Rivera was thrown out. Like Rivera, he was also an artist, with murals entitled The March of Humanity and Portrait of the Bourgeoisie considered to be some of his best work. FTP, who was this Mexican activist and artist, the last of the great Mexican muralists",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95b5410b4cb649f7802ac0a5572c9d2c",
            "input": "One tributary of this river is the Licking River. During the Civil War, this river was nicknamed the River Jordan, and it also served as an unofficial extension of the Mason-Dixon Line to the west. Its tributaries include the Wabash and the Allegheny, and its confluence with the Mississippi is near Cairo, Illinois. Cities on this river include Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. For 10 points, name this river whose namesake state has its capital at Columbus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d61007b864a4c0a991d8c9fb5d646bd",
            "input": "The main narrative of this poem is interrupted by a \"loud uproar\" and \"vesper bell\" that bids the title character to pray, while he notes later that \"He prayeth best, who loveth best/ All things both great and small. \" The title character falls asleep and dreams of buckets filled with dew, after he had previously blessed a nest of writhing sea snakes. In the opening section, the title character seizes \"one of three\" wedding guests and recounts his long journey at sea, including the ill-advised shooting of the Albatross. For 10 points, name this poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e0f602af3a04a11a9c830ec1904f1c2",
            "input": "The \"War of a Thousand Days\" between Liberal Rafael Uribe and Conservative Rafael Nunez left this nation too weak to resist an imperialist threat to its territory. Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo's \"Revolution on the March\" gave land rights to the squatters, but failed to bring stability. Laureano Gomez's attempted introduction of fascism was a reaction to the last stages of the conflict that had killed liberal leader Jorge Gaitan, known as the bogotazo or \"La Violencia. \"  In colonial times, this former territory of the Chibcha Indians had been known as \"New Granada. \" FTP, name this nation whose cities include Baranquilla, Cali, and Medellin.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65ac1c04d97d4ff5b5a639f79ec9a208",
            "input": "Although completely surrounded, this rulers use of wagons and firearms at the Battle of Khanwa resulted in his victory over Rana Sanga, a leader of Mewar, and he initially rose to prominence as the ruler of Fergana. Muhammad Shaybani took Samarkand from this man, only for him to regain it shortly after, and in the meantime this ruler captured Kabul. This ruler defeated Ibrahim Lodhi at the First Battle of Panipat, which marked the beginning of an empire that would last three centuries until its replacement by the British Raj in India. For 10 points, name this father of Humayun and grandfather of Akbar, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-079e673d87904336bb53fe7e4868ebbe",
            "input": "One of his works begins with the section \"An Untimely Pregnancy\" that uses metaphor of a chessboard and describes the conflict between Coyote and the title character. Besides Story of Lynx discussing the Nez Pierce, another of his works compares the Kwakiutl and Salish perspectives on the titular objects, The Way of the Masks. One of his best-known works describes \"alliance theory\" and introduces structuralism against Radcliffe-Brown's functionalism, while another contains the volumes From Honey to Ashes, The Origin of Table Manners, and The Raw and the Cooked. For ten points, anthropologist, who wrote aElementary Structure of Kinship and Mythologiques.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5261297f316743f19bcbe317f6685c9f",
            "input": "One work by this composer may have been written for his love interest, Therese Malfatti, and is less commonly known as his Bagatelle in A Minor. Another work by this composer received its nickname from the poet Ludwig Rellstab, who was reminded by that piece of Lake Lucerne at night. A symphony by this man ends with voices singing the words to a Schiller poem, and is nicknamed \"\"Choral. \"\" For 10 points, name this German composer of Fur Elise and the Moonlight Sonata, whose ninth symphony is set to the poem \"\"Ode to Joy. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-412844caa2d7432f8a5062293d0e897f",
            "input": "Frey's procedure is used to treat inflammation of this organ, and the Whipple Procedure involves the removal of its head. Endoscopic ultrasonography is often used to detect the tumors on this organ that are caused by Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The head of this yellowish organ contains the duct of Wirsung, which is connected to the duodenum, and its tail stretches behind the stomach. For 10 points, name this organ that is home to the islets of Langerhans and produces a namesake juice.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69b4655dde6a419498bddc1e8cec935e",
            "input": "One of this artist's paintings was exchanged by its commissioner Edward Coates for a less controversial work, The Pathetic Song. Another of his works depicts his friend in the titular vessel on the Schuylkill River. In addition to Max Schmitt in a Single Scull, he also painted several of his students and himself swimming in a lake in The Swimming Hole. This artist is better known, however, for a painting depicting several men in an auditorium looking down at a bloody medical operation. For 10 points, name this American artist of The Gross Clinic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5854a1c355054752a3771b400a6e39ed",
            "input": "This man recently designed a seventy-six story residential skyscraper with an ornate exterior in Manhattan on 8  Spruce Street. This architect designed a building named after a pair of dancers in Prague to represent the Czech Republic's transition from communism. This man designed a Paul Allen-founded museum with a notable \"Sky Church,\" which he modeled on an electric guitar called the Experience Music Project Museum. This architect has repeatedly used a shiny, metal exterior in works such as the Stata Center at MIT and the Walt Disney Musical Hall. For 10 points, name this Canadian architect who designed the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-244cf93cd271432185674b3edfb659c6",
            "input": "The Nine Saints were a group of missionaries in this country, which is home to the Garima gospels. The official Bible of this country's largest church contains three books about non-Hasmonean Maccabees, as well as the Book of Jubilees and the Book of the Covenant. A religion with priests called kahen is originally from this country, in which itinerant religious figures who perform white magic and exorcisms are known as debteras. This country is home to the church of Our Lady Mary of Zion, which claims to contain the the (*) Ark of the Covenant. Frumentius was the first to evangelize in this country, which is the home of the Beta Israel community. The official name of this country's Orthodox Church contains the word Tewahedo, a word from its liturgical language of Ge'ez. For 10 points, name this country, where the Kingdom of Axum became one of the first officially Christian polities.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4656b918958d43128eef91edc76b4c04",
            "input": "Matousek developed a method for analyzing covered objects by taking the difference between two close measurements called the spatially-offset variety of spectroscopy named for this effect, which has another variety with competing explanations proposed by Albrecht and Creighton and by Jeanmaire and Van Duyne, and occurs on rough metal surfaces. Another form can, due to the properties of the Kramers-Heisenberg formula, dominate the x-ray fluorescence spectrum. This effect, which comes in the aforementioned surface-enhanced and resonance varieties, was discovered independently by Mandelstam and Landsburg. This process can be described as a photon exciting a molecule into a virtual energy state, and it sees energy either absorbed or released in its Stokes and anti-Stokes forms. For 10 points, name this process by which a photon is inelastically scattered.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-acf3cfc8e8ae49ad857a9d27796c5531",
            "input": "His first opera revolves around Cleonilla and the numerous figures who pursue her, and he also composed three operas based on works by Ludovico Ariosto. Many of the fast movements of this composer are in a ritornello form, and J.S. Bach translated for keyboard five concertos from his Opus 3, Lestro armonico. His most notable composition includes a sonnet that accompanies each section, with the first depicting lightning shrouding the air, and the last describing teeth chattering in the cold. FTP, identify this Italian composer of the Four Seasons.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbbcd2e98cab41f6bc8deb63111b7910",
            "input": "This person learned her craft under Richard H. White, and also spent some time as the apprentice of Arnold H. Gethe. Along with Walker Evans, this person contributed to Richard Wrights history, Twelve Million Black Voices. She covered the relocation of internees at Manzanar, which included a particularly haunting photograph of a group of girls pledging allegiance to the flag. However, shes probably most famous for her work under the Farm Security Administration, which included a photograph of Florence Owens Thompson and her two children. FTP, name this photographer of Migrant Mother.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9cf69bf5f4b9493ea9145791a3c6bae6",
            "input": "This organization was responsible for a raid against the Elduyens, and some of its activities were made illegal by a Force Act. Thomas E. Watson was instrumental in leading its reformation, and a trial in Meridian convicted several members of this organization for the murders of Schwerner, Chaney, and Goodman. This organization met after the death of Mary Phagan at Stone Mountain, while coverage of an event it held led to the case Brandenburg v. Ohio. The Birth of a Nation glorified this group, and members from it bombed the 16th Street Baptist Church. For 10 points, identify this organization first led by Nathan Bedford Forrest which heavily opposed the Reconstruction and whose members wore white.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-20600105757a4407b8cd026e940b5968",
            "input": "A generalization of this statement to arbitrary operators gives an inequality featuring one half the magnitude of the expectation of the commutator of those two operators. That generalization of this statement is named for Robertson and is a special case of a statement named for Schroedinger. Thought experiments such as a box lined with mirrors from which one photon is allowed to escape were used in a series of debates between Bohr and Einstein over this principle. One of these exists for any pair of noncommuting (*) observables, while considering the evolution of an arbitrary operator allows one to find one of these for energy and time. For 10 points, name this principle of quantum mechanics which in its original formulation states that you cannot precisely know a particle's position and momentum at any given time.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c7de7fe297114cebb633ba696d7e7d5b",
            "input": "Near the end of this novel, several characters, including the abandoned wife Clara Pegotty, sail to Australia to begin a new life. Earlier in this book, the title character is subjected to the headmaster Mr. Creakle at Salem House as punishment for biting Mr. Murdstone. Much of the plot is resolved when Mr. Micawber exposes the embezzlement of Uriah Heep. Combined with the death of Dora Spenlow, that revelation allows the protagonist to marry Agnes Wickfield. For 10 points, identify this semi-autobiographical novel by Charles Dickens.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb35f7634df94008a07d9e09fd0d9485",
            "input": "His major work divides nature into the \"naturing\" and the \"natured. \" The third part of that work by this author defines all modifications of the power of the body as \"confused ideas\" in the chapter \"On the Origin and Nature of the Emotions. \" Happiness is made dependent on the will to exist in this author's next chapter, \"Of Human Bondage. \" He had burned some bridges by advocating the subordination of church to state in the Theological-Political Treatise, and when he was accused of denying free will and advocating pantheism, he was condemned by both Catholics and Jews. FTP, name this Dutch Jew who wrote Ethics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a733c78031c4d4bb91aca12e213cd26",
            "input": "The lower right of this painting contains a pair of discarded masks and the lower left shows a dove beneath one of the title figures feet. The left side shows a woman thought to represent syphilis or jealousy, holding her head in agony. A girls face extends from behind another of the title figures, and she holds a honeycomb in what appears to be her left hand attached to her right arm. In the background, an indistinct figure attempts to spread a dark blue sheet over the central figures, but another of the title characters, an old, bearded man, prevents it. One of the central figures holds an arrow in one hand and a golden apple in another and is completely nude as she kisses her similarly nude son. FTP, name this most famous work of Agnolo Bronzino.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71223ddff3144f2a8daeaae3f563a3cf",
            "input": "of this man's appointees, university president James Monroe Smith, was imprisoned for gambling away half a million dollars in grant money during a wave of scandals that culminated in the resignation of Richard Leche and the elevation of this man's brother to the governorship. He split with John Parker over the issue of taxing Standard Oil, a decade before founding the Progress as a mouthpiece for his policies. This figure allied with the preacher Gerald Smith to promote an idea which he explained in a speech about God's invitation to a feast and explained that idea further in his posthumously published autobiography, My First Days in the White House. His starting of a rumor that Judge Benjamin Pavy's daughter had \"coffee blood\" so enraged Pavy's son-in-law that this man was assassinated by that relative, doctor Carl Weiss, before he could implement his \"Share the Wealth\" plan. For 10 points, identify this Depression-era governor of Louisiana, known as \"kingfish. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba59cf63a21f43818861fdfc9a5041ac",
            "input": "One concerto for this instrument opens with four beats on the timpani. In another concerto for this instrument, the soloist enters on beat three with three high B's in a dotted quarter, eighth note, half-note rhythm; that concerto has a sustained bassoon note connecting its first two movements. The concertino of Brandenburg Concerto No. consists of one of these instruments and two recorders, and this instrument is notably absent from Brandenburg Concerto No. This instrument is the soloist in the Meditation from Massenet's opera Thais. The aforementioned concerti are one in D by Beethoven and one in E minor by Mendelssohn. Twenty-four caprices for this instrument were written by Niccolo Paganini. For 10 points, name this instrument, two of which join a viola and cello in a string quartet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1125cbd296bd409094b0b7dbb6044dea",
            "input": "This character wears a red hunting hat that he bought after losing the fencing team's foils, and wonders where the ducks in Central Park go in the winter. Carl recommends that this character see a psychiatrist, to whom he tells \"\"the first thing you'll probably want to know is where I was born\"\" and rails against \"\"phonies. \"\" Still not over the death of his brother Allie, he decides to become a deaf-mute hermit, but rejects his sister Phoebe's wish to run away with him. For 10 points, name this main character of The Catcher in the Rye.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b796e77e939643d79673b40241db3493",
            "input": "These units are the site of dosage compensation. If an extra one of them is present, the extra undergoes lyonization to form an inactive Barr body. The lack or alteration of one causes Turner's Syndrome, while an extraneous one causes Klinefelter's Syndrome. Autism frequently results from a \"fragile\" one. They are home to the allele for color-blindness. For 10 points, name this larger of the two sex chromosomes that, in males, joins the Y.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29bf2171c0ca4d5892fd18fcd293defc",
            "input": "One character created by this author almost kills Dolokhov in a duel, while another falls in love with the maid Maryanka. In a novel by this author, Dmitri Nekhludoff falls in love with Maslova, who is sent to a prison in Siberia for supposed murder. In addition to The Cossacks and Resurrection, he wrote a novel in which the title character hurts his side and questions the quality of his life, The Death of Ivan Ilyich. Pierre marries Natasha at the end of one of his novels, and in another, the title character throws herself in the path of a train. For 10 points name this Russian author of Anna Karenina and War and Peace.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-467124ec30824289821b37964b857e3a",
            "input": "This author wrote a play in which Pierpont Mauler argues with a member of the Black Straw Hats about a meat packing plant. In another of his plays, the singer Arkadi Cheidze relates the rescue of Michael, the son of the Grand Duke of Grusinia, by the peasant woman Grusha. This author of Saint Joan of the Stockyards also penned a treatise in which he described the \"alienation effect\" as a foundational part of his concept of \"epic theater\". This author of The Caucasian Chalk Circle collaborated with Kurt Weill, on an reworking of a John Gay play in which Polly Peachum's father tries to hang Mack the Knife for marrying his daughter. For 10 points, name the German playwright who wrote The Threepenny Opera",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06cc93b37abc4ec3b1c5d631e05a57a2",
            "input": "This country's movement of Sestigers was led by Breyten Breytenbach and Andre Brink. In one play from this country, people reminisce about a kite while Hally watches Sam and Willie practice ballroom dancing. Cathy and Lionel are the Communist parents of Rosa in one novel from here, also the setting of a work in which Maureen and Bamford Smales escape a civil war. This country is home to the playwright of (*) Master Harold....and the Boys as well as the author of Burger's Daughter and July's People. Athol Fugard and Nadine Gordimer are from, for ten points, what country whose literature often deals with the effects of apartheid",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94e759a4127740768a3f20762ab1c7e9",
            "input": "This psychologist planted letters in public places in his \"\"lost letter\"\" experiment. He conducted an experiment in which participants where asked to forward letters to acquaintances. That experiment, the small world experiment, popularized the idea of \"\"six degrees of separation. \"\" In his most famous experiment, an actor claiming to have a heart condition was quizzed on word pairs. For 10 points, name this psychologist who tested obedience by asking participants to administer electric shocks.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f68fa48fe84d41c5b318d59fab9f2ee4",
            "input": "One polity involved in this conflict was led for a brief period by the Duke of Caxias, who helped the eventual winners gain control of Humaita, and it also saw battles fought at Tuyuti while its final battle took place at Cerro Cora. The turning point of this conflict occurred at the Battle of Riachuelo, a victory for Admiral Barosso in which the navy of the landlocked aggressor nation, led by the dictator Francisco Solano Lopez, was decimated. For 10 points, name this South American conflict in which a large portion of the Paraguayan male population was killed in defeat against the namesake group of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8d0632ad077e4549a945e28e2e848ad4",
            "input": "He currently collaborates with flautist Bobby Millitello. He created a jazz version of \"Someday My Prince Will Come\" in his album based on Disney songs, and he is credited with bringing jazz to college campuses with his Jazz at Oberlin. His group's best known album features the tracks \"Kathy's Waltz\" and \"Strange Meadowlark,\" and features a 9/8 time signature in a piece inspired by the zeybek folk dance, \"Blue Rondo a la Turk. \" Joe Morello was originally supposed to play a drum solo in his most famous piece composed by saxophonist Paul Desmond and written in quintuple time. For 10 points, name this Jazz pianist, who featured \"Take Five\" in his album Time Out.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-248409a5bacd46b38d8a05c3ecd85330",
            "input": "This kingdom began as the Aja people moved north from Allada and settled among the Fon, eventually conquering them. From their capital of Agbone, their first king Wegbala established a centralized state. Under King Agaja, it conquered Allada and started a profitable slave trade with the Europeans, obtaining rifles to continue their wars of expansion. However, they were unable to conquer Oyo, and the kingdom was finally captured by France in 1894. For ten points, name this West African kingdom is located in and once gave its name to present day Benin.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-260d9103403f422795bf0c6d04173f57",
            "input": "One character in a work by this composer repeats the line \"Oh messmates take me up, for I'm sinking  with the tide\" after single-handedly sinking the Turkish Galilee. He's not Dmitri Shostakovich, but one  movement of another of his choral works is accompanied by repeated transpositions of the DSCH motif,  which is sung to the text \"For the sil y fel ow is against me\". That work also features the soprano solo \"For I Wil Consider My Cat Jeoffrey\", and is a setting of the poetry of Christopher Smart. Besides The Golden Vanity and Rejoice in the Lamb, this man composed a work for treble choir which includes movements like  \"Adam lay i-bounden\" and \"Balulalow\", and whose C-flat major harp interlude quotes the opening processional, \"Hodie Christus.\" This composer of A Ceremony of Carols interpolated such poems as  \"Futility\" and \"Strange Meeting\" into a Mass in another work. For 10 points, name this composer who set some poems by Wilfred Owen in his War Requiem.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1824db67a56747b38324d015a21b64e2",
            "input": "This conflict included an action called Pierces Fight, which was followed by some torturing at a site that became known as Nine Mens Misery. Benjamin Church led successful raids during this conflict, which was partially sparked by the policies of Governor Josiah Winslow. Fighting during this conflict occurred at Hadley as well as at Turners Falls on the Connecticut River, and one leader during it was Canonchet. A turning point in this conflict occurred with the Great Swamp Fight, after which the Narragansett were forced to withdraw. This conflict occurred after the death of Massasoit, and it featured an uprising of the Wampanoag under Metacomet. For 10 points, name this 1675 Native American uprising that takes its name from Metacomets popular title among the colonists.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1de724461e842cc9bfb95009057fbd8",
            "input": "In one version of her story, Eos' lust for young men was a punishment for seducing this mythical character, and Hera appointed Priapus as tutor to this character when he was young, as a result of which he became a perfect dancer. Possibly the father of Ixion, as a child this character was imprisoned by Otus and Ephialtes in some brass jars, and he also experienced imprisonment at the hands of Hephaestos after seducing Aphrodite. According to legend, the race of bronze men took pleasure only in the works of this god, who during the Trojan war, was wounded by Diomedes with the help of Athena and Hera. For ten points, identify this son of Zeus and brother of Athena who was accompanied by Phobos and Deimos, the Greek god of war.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f671c5bf2dfb4472b384f6c7ce544079",
            "input": "Its official beginning was the attempted murder and subsequent suicide committed by Mangel Pande, whose unit was disbanded by General Hearshey as a result. Three weeks later, the 3rd Light Cavalry openly refused orders, and fighting soon spread from Meerut, with the greatest violence coming at Cawnpore and the siege of Lucknow. The arrival of reinforcements under Colin Campbell led to its eventual end in 1859. Catalyzed by the use of beef and pork fat in Enfield rifle cartridges, FTP, name this 19th-century rebellion against the British in northern India.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-167a3cbb69bb4ee58ef3d3e1c93decf0",
            "input": "This work's third act opens with the cellos playing a theme that was earlier the counter-melody to the ballad \"Jerum! Jerum. \" That ballad was first sung shortly before a bass role sings Den Tag seh' ich erscheinen,\" which is a coloratura serenade that parodies bel canto arias. The quintet Selig, wie die Sonne' is presented shortly after one character tells the soprano that he has no desire to play King Mark. One of the bass-baritone roles sings \"Wahn! Wahn! berall Wahn! \" when recalling the last night's riot, an even that was followed by the other bass-baritone role, the Nightwatchman, calling out the hour. That riot began when David thought Magdalene was being serenaded by (*) Beckmesser. This work ends when the Morning Dream Song wins Veit Pogner's approbation for the apprentice Walter, who has learned his art from Hans Sachs. For 10 points, name this opera about some German performers, a work of Richard Wagner.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8c769769e797419b968bc8b21b6ffcaa",
            "input": "artist painted a woman in blue and white striped stockings whose dress slips off her left shoulder as she dozes off on a red chair in his Sleeping Girl with a Cat. He painted a young girl wearing a flowery hat and standing next to her mother in front of a metal rail in On the Terrace. A man gazes through binoculars in his La Loge, and he painted two young sisters in elaborate lace dresses in a work often called (*) Pink and Blue. He painted hundreds of people dancing and eating under the acacia trees and lights of a Parisian locale in one work. The action of another of his paintings occurs under a red canopy, where Gustave Caillebotte and other notaries eat along the Seine. For 10 points, name this French impressionist of Le moulin de la Galette and The Luncheon of the Boating Party.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cac1827a67e94c0693a39776472883b6",
            "input": "This man's government was created by John Lambert's Instrument of Government. He commanded the Eastern Association Army, and this man crushed the Levellers in Burford. This man's general Thomas Fairfax defeated Prince Rupert of the Palatine at a battle fought south of Leicester. This man's troops won at Marston Moor and [*] Naseby. Later, this man instituted the Barebones Parliament in opposition to the Long Parliament and Rump Parliament, before he got rid of Parliament altogether and ruled with the help of his Roundhead allies in the New Model Army. For 10 points, name this conqueror of Ireland and Lord Protector of England.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a36d8e31eddf4c188f67e0afda8450c5",
            "input": "One character in this play explains that his throat is too delicate for hanging and that hemlock swells the legs, in a conversation with a character that shares his desire for pea soup. In one scene in this play, the protagonist alternates pretending to be Herakles with his servant. In another scene, a scale weighs which of two characters has spoken the weightiest lines. The play opens with the protagonist preparing with his slave Xanthias to descend into the underworld. For 10 points, name this play by Aristophanes in which Dionysus judges a tragedy contest between Aeschylus and Euripides, and which contains a croaking chorus of the title creatures.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-61ae06e0b55b478cbfcf63257cbcfd9b",
            "input": "This sculptor depicted Nancy Cunard in a work often titled Sophisticated Young Lady. This sculptor of the jagged and triangular Le Coq and the oval-eyed Miss Pogany created an ensemble including Table of Silence in Targu Jiu, which also contains his 29 meter Endless Column. This sculptor of the phallic Princess X created a geometrically-simple relief version of The Kiss, but is best known for a marble and bronze series of figures whose heads and beaks are reduced to ovals. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of the sleek Bird in Space.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98666ee4aa2e4084aff351d407c755b3",
            "input": "serving as a lecturer at the University of Missouri, this man wrote about how the human instinct towards hard work was being wasted, in The Instinct of Workmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts. One of his works posits that a certain autocratic state during World War I had a temporary technological advantage over democracies, while another work is subtitled \"A Memorandum on the Conduct of Universities by Business Men. \" In addition to \"Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution\" and (*) The Higher Learning in America, he also wrote about the titular group of intellectuals assuming management positions in The Engineers and the Price System. This author of The Theory of Business Enterprise made use of the term \"pecuniary emulation\" in his most famous work, which also introduced a term that describes why some individuals spend money just for displaying their wealth. \"Conspicuous consumption\" was coined by, for 10 points, what sociologist, the author of The Theory of the Leisure Class",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb0233ec02564c27a13015a41c392ebb",
            "input": "This property is present in elements above the horizontal axis in the Bethe-Slater curve, and it only occurs in materials with one or more easy axes. Coercivity and remanence are characteristic properties of materials with this property that increases in discrete steps as shown by the Barkhausen effect. Owing to a (*) hysteresis loop, this property remains in a material even after an applied field is removed, though it disappears when a material is raised above the Curie temperature. Bulk materials with this property consist of domains of aligned spins. Cobalt, but not copper, possesses, for 10 points, what form of permanent magnetism named after iron",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1219423706d41f38cfa723544d60821",
            "input": "One of his paintings shows a woman holding a withering pink flower next to a small dog. Another shows a boy in red standing between two funny looking chubby adults in the Palace of Aranjuez. He married the sister of Francisco Bayeu, who secured him the commission to decorate Church of the Virgin in Zaragoza. Influenced by Tiepolo, his Marquesa de Pontejos is in the style of Gainsborough. Deaf for much of his career, he made prints like Los Caprichos, and followed Velazquez's model in caricaturing The Family of Charles IV. Most famous for depicting a man in white executed by a firing squad, FTP, name this Spanish painter of Saturn Devouring his Children and The Third of May, 1808.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5003acaa727e403482b4b9edf0de6f04",
            "input": "Two principal characters from a play by Adam Oehlenschlager are the representatives of light and darkness in this text. One section this work claims that in the external world the \"genie of ring\" obeys whoever possesses it, whether it be Noureddin or Aladdin, but in the world of spirit it does not rain on the just and unjust equally. In that section, Preliminary \"Expectoration\" or \"Outpouring of the Heart\" the author suggests that a candid discussion of the central action might lead confused individuals to repeat it. This work elucidates one figure's \"strength of the absurd,\" which allows one to give everything up and to paradoxically expect to receive it all back and compares that figure to the \"knight of infinite resignation. \" Often paired with Constantin Constantius' Reptition, it asks whether there can be a teleological suspension of the ethical and was pseudonymously written by Johannes de Silentio. For 10 points, name this work of philosophy which examines Abraham's binding of Isaac by Soren Kierkegaard.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f2185e2551f481d86502a1e260dba00",
            "input": "This author wrote about the tough old Teuton / Who brewed the stoutest ale in Cobbler Keezars Vision, while he satirized a Puritan minister, describing him as his eyes agog and his ears set wide in The Double-Headed Snake of Newbury. The Judge weds a wife of richest dower instead of Maud Muller in one poem by this author, who also wrote about a woman who raised an American flag despite the arrival of Stonewall Jackson in Barbara Frietchie. In addition to writing the collections Legends of New England and Moll Pitcher, this author is probably best remembered for a poem, subtitled A Winter Idyll, which describes a New England family during a week-long blizzard. FTP, name this American Quaker poet of Snowbound.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6f1efebe14b41aab1447f1f61f04360",
            "input": "Triggers such as a landslide can cause these entities to undergo a limnic eruption, and thousands of people were asphyxiated by carbon dioxide when one of these named Nyos. Several of them linked in series are called paternoster, and cirques in a glacier cirques can form a type of these called a tarn. Cutting a bend from a meandering river will form the oxbow variety of these, and ones located on volcanoes are the crater type. For 10 points, name these inland bodies of water, of which a set of five \"Great\" ones lie on the American-Canadian border.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1288aa3b9db418d84ae302e88ba0a1d",
            "input": "This government legalized a system of alternate attendance among feudal lords, where they were required to spend one year within their domains and one in the capital. One challenge to it came from disgruntled ronin lead by Yui Shotetsu, who attempted a coup called the Keian Uprising. Its downfall came during the Bakamatsu, during which popular sentiment called for expelling the barbarians, leading to the Boshin War and resignation of Yoshinobu. It was founded after its namesakes victory over Ishida Mitsunari at Sekigahara, and it also signed of the Treaty of Kanagawa with Matthew Perry. Immediately followed by the Meiji restoration, FTP, name this Shogunate, founded by Ieyasu, that ruled Japan from 1600 to 1868.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05c4ab881be142f8b1a6fa078d85eeb1",
            "input": "A general for this dynasty annihilated enemy forces at the Battle of Buyur Nor but failed to capture Togus Temur. It saw the first development of the an hua technique at such places as Jingdezhen. By letting enemy forces go around the Great Wall, the general Wu Sangui betrayed this dynasty. The founder of this dynasty defeated a navy under the rival leader Chen Youliang at the Battle of Lake Poyang. This dynasty fell after the rebel Li Zicheng sacked its capital, which led Emperor Chongzhen to commit suicide. The first ruler of this dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor, took power during the collapse of the preceding Yuan dynasty. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty succeeded in the seventeenth century by the Qing dynasty and famous for its innovations in ceramics.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d35d4e5332a94e55aabf79e9eb4d93c2",
            "input": "One work by this man features the section \"The soft complaining lute,\" which introduced that instrument to Western music, while another of his works is a cantata discoursing on the power of music. Those works, both settings of Dryden, are his Alexander's Feast and Ode for St. Cecilia's Day. Another of his works consists of an air followed by five double variations in alternating hands called The Harmonious Blacksmith. The second suite of another of his works features the movement \"Alla Hornipe\", and \"La Paix\" and \"La Rejouissance\" are movements of his Music for the Royal Fireworks. For 10 points, name this composer of Water Music and the oratorio Messiah.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a515835d1d394a58b7488098741c0bf7",
            "input": "They are formed by the Bjorken mechanism, while another method of producing them is known as [this name]-strahlung. When vacuum expectation value confers a major part of their characteristic property, a quadratic term is introduced to hZZ coupling and a quartic term is introduced into the hhh coupling. In an experiment at the Tevatron it may have decayed into a bottom quark anti-quark pair, and in another experiment, a 160 GeV particle decaying into two tau leptons may have been one of them. They are thought to have arisen due to spontaneous symmetry breaking as the universe cooled. That symmetry breaking occurs with the introduction of a namesake field, which accounts for why a photon is massless compared to the W and Z bosons. For 10 points, identify this particle, the only one from the standard model yet to be observed, which is hypothesized to impart mass to matter.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-750ebda47d7a4d13a33cbc9b170d9b39",
            "input": "In one section of this work, a man married to a relative of the fire god is \"seven times captured, seven times freed! \" One character in this work defeats six generals while passing through five gates; after that character's death his spirit possesses Lu Meng at a banquet. A hilarious scene in this novel sees one character chase another around a garden with a spear after catching the latter embracing Diao Chan. Later in this novel, Fledgling Phoenix recommends the services of Sleeping Dragon to a man who'd made an oath in a peach garden with Zhang Fei and Guan Yu. For 10 points, identify this classic Luo Guanzhong novel whose title entities are led by Sun Quan, Liu Bei, and Cao Cao.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-97d06e081087438f95d2efed7239ad1c",
            "input": "The claim that this man afanned the flamesa by writing that awe have certainly sown the wind; they are the whirlwinda appears in Homi Bhabhaas essay on aframinga another author. This man referenced two Frenchmen saying to each other that athe country is done for...unlessa and claimed that shooting a European was akill[ing] two birds with one stone.a He recalled how, at first, people marveled that athey are able to talk for themselvesa when they heard apolite statements of resentmenta by ayellow and black voices.a He wrote an essay that begins by noting that, not so long ago, the world anumbered 2 billion inhabitants:a 500 million men who ahad the word,a and 1.5 billion anativesa who ahad the use of it.a This author of Colonialism and Neocolonialism urged the French left to support Algerian independence at the end of an essay encouraging Europeans to read the aOn Violencea section of the book that followed. For 10 points, name this author of a preface to Frantz Fanonas The Wretched of the Earth.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f74f97ccdb041b68ffe0e8a430a5785",
            "input": "A soldier from this country infamously struck U.S. consul John Allison. During peacetime, the U.S. gunboat Panay was bombed by this country. Its actions were criticized by the U.S. in the Stimson Doctrine. Camps such as Heart Mountain and Manzanar housed emigrants from this country during the 1940s. For 10 points, name this country which fought against the US in the Pacific theater of World War II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04d4068e34224c51950c7f0a95e0da50",
            "input": "Pausanias claimed that this figure was raised by either Temenos or by the daughters of Asterion, and she was once seduced on the mountain of Thornax. She once sent a plague to ravage Aegina, after which the island's ants were turned into men. She also ordered Tethys to prevent Ursa Major and Minor from dropping below the horizon, as she held a grudge against Callisto. This cow-eyed deity also turned Lamia into a child-eating monster and ordered Argus to guard Io, and her children with her husband include Hebe and Ares. The peacock is sacred to, for 10 points, which daughter of Cronus and Rhea, the wife of Zeus and queen of the Greek gods",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e59e74c463b442a595f348e868add17b",
            "input": "The English adventurer Sir Anthony Shirley became a diplomat for this polity. This dynasty came to power after winning the Battle of Merv against Muhammad Shaybani, and it fell after an invasion by the Hotaki people. This dynasty was nicknamed the Qizilbash or \"redheads\" because of their headgear of choice. This polity's longest-serving ruler was (*) Tahmasp the Great, who allied with and protected the exiled Humayun. This polity was defeated by Selim the Grim at the Battle of Chaldiron and it reached its height under Abbas I. Its capital was Isfahan and its founder was Ismail I. For ten points, name this Shia dynasty that rivaled the Ottomans in Persia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bf48ef282d1419ea73e08696627d13f",
            "input": "Modern methods to compute them include Coupled cluster methods and Moller-Plasset perturbation theory, which includes correlation functions. John Poples work on them used primitive Gaussians as basis sets, and they are the eigenfunctions of the Fock operator in Hartree-Fock theory. Easily derived via the LCAO method, these entities are the solutions of the Schrodinger equation for a multi-body electronic Hamiltonian. They can be used to explain why dihydrogen can exist but dihelium cannot, and they come in bonding and antibonding varieties. FTP, name these regions of space around a molecule where electrons hang out.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e67115a2f9554d2888cf4eb99a8b21af",
            "input": "One of this composer's ballet suites contains a second-movement \"March and Pastorale\" and closes with a third- movement Passacaglia, and is adapted from his ballet about St. Francis of Assisi. He stopped giving opus numbers to his works after his Konzertmusik for Brass and Strings. One of this composer's works is an adaptation of incidental music written by one of his countrymen for Schiller's translation of the play Turandot. This composer of Nobilissima Visione also wrote a symphony with the movements \"Angelic Concert,\" \"Entombment,\" and \"The Temptation of Saint Anthony,\" using themes from his opera about the creator of the Isenheim Altarpiece. For 10 points, name this German-born composer of Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Weber and Mathis der Maler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51e54f119e4140079a2abe90396c00ce",
            "input": "Couette shear cells can be used to study cube, sponge, and laminar transitions of solutions of this type of substance. CTAB, an example of this substance, is used to make genomic preps from Arabidopsis, and type II alveolar cells secrete this type of substance. They can be used to increase the miscibility of other substances, and some common laboratory examples include Igepal and sodium dodecyl sulfate. For ten points, name this class of compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid, whose name is a portmanteau of \"surface-acting agent\".",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-386bf31a83fa40c986f1a25b52aa2ca6",
            "input": "The musicologist Alfred Einstein likened the E major andante second movement of this work to a plant whose flowers open only on a night of the full moon. He also suggested that the key of the first movement might be a reference to the composers earlier piece Der Doppelgnger. This work was begun in 1822, but the composer put it aside to work on his Wanderer fantasy. The original manuscript for this B minor work was owned by Anselm Httenbrenner, and it was only premiered by the conductor Johann Herbeck in 1865. Herbeck added a third movement at this performance, judging that the audience might not appreciate a fragment. For ten points, name this orchestral work, Franz Schuberts eighth symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3199912b04449c68bf27d82e9cca8cf",
            "input": "The Southern Development Fund used by this country's government in the 1950s created so-called \"cathedrals in the desert.\" The leggine and partyocracy systems in this country endured thanks to the secret Parliamentary voting clause of its post-war Constitution. In the 1960s, it was home to radical groups like the Metropolitan Indians and Worker Autonomy. Its people expelled their \"May King\" after World War II, and one prime minister of this country (*) owned the Mediaset Company. This country witnessed kidnappings by the Red Brigade during its \"Years of Lead,\" as well as the murder of Prime Minister Aldo Moro. For 10 points, name this country, whose First Republic arose after the ouster of \"Il Duce,\" Benito Mussolini.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bdb8bea675824e34a6d2ed397841e8d0",
            "input": "He was married to Aegiale [eye-GHEE-uh-lay], a daughter of Adrastus, but she fooled around while he was gone. In the Iliad he gets teased for not being as brave as his father, a member of the Seven Against Thebes named Tydeus. The only time he ever turns down a fight is against his hereditary guest Glaucus, but they trade armor instead. He was a big friend of Odysseus and helped him kill Dolon. Pandarus is killed by and Aeneas is rescued by his mother from, for 10 points, what hero who goes so ape shit in the Iliad that he wounds Aphrodite and Ares",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2cc3b9617b6c4d5b8580496f63381fa1",
            "input": "This person lost an Assembly seat for criticizing the Paxton Boys Affair, which prompted him to go on a diplomatic mission. During this mission on behalf of his adoptive home colony, he became the representative of Georgia, New Jersey, and Massachusetts, beginning to bring about the unification proposed in his failed Albany Plan of Union. Also the first Postmaster General of the United States, this was, for ten points, what founding father associated with the lightning rod and Poor Richards Almanac",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9273b8a9fc70410e9c82a38eef5f3ee9",
            "input": "One result of this effect was explained by the creation of quasiparticles in a quantum fluid by Laughlin, and Dyakonov and Perel predicted a version of it dependent on spin. It can be used to find hole density in a semiconductor, and von Klitzing showed that under certain situations this effect is quantized. This effect distinguishes between a negative current and a positive current flowing in the opposite direction, and it creates a Lorentz force, resulting in the deflection of charge carriers by a magnetic field. For 10 points, name this effect in which a potential difference is created across a conductor by a perpendicular magnetic field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9da9a23c499343579132b2fe79a7b964",
            "input": "In this religion's cosmology, the universe is wide at the top and the bottom and narrow in the middle, just like a human body. This religion's legendary founder was born at the end of the third epoch of a descending time cycle and lived for about 593 quintillion years. That man, Rishabha, was the first of the 24 of this religion's \"ford-bearers,\" the last of whom was Mahavira. For 10 points, name the Indian religion whose \"sky-clad\" monks do not wear clothing and whose followers practice a very strict form of non-violence called ahimsa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8bb829b6bd224ed086fb7d2fd53709d3",
            "input": "The diagonal elements of the coupling matrix in an orthonormal n-energy-state system are fully perturbed matrix elements of this object. Adding first-order relativistic corrections to the momentum naturally creates the fine-structure version of this operator, since it is equal to one over the twice the system mass times the inner product of the momentum operator with itself, plus the potential operator. FTP, identify this operator, the operation of which on the wave function is equal to operation of the energy operator on the wave function according to the Schrdinger equation, that is symbolized \"h-hat\" and that is named for a 19th Century Irish mathematician.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f17b00585734f59b3b0aedf79960be4",
            "input": "This man employed notes marked B sharp that ascend to a high A in the last aria of his cantata \"Di Fille vendicarmi vorrei\". He wrote an a cappella Mass in G minor, and in another work, the right hand stretches a full octave from high D to low D, before playing a D-E-G triplet. He taught such figures as Barbara of Portugal, a fact reflected in the Iberian influence seen in works like the Fandango in D minor. A \"crux\" was noted in several of his works by the man who catalogued him, Ralph (*) Kirkpatrick. For 10 points, identify this Italian composer of 555 sonatas, mainly for the harpsichord, the son of Alessandro.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-72aefc5ac7da4f1d95874d7f4a452584",
            "input": "Each one of these pieces features a violone or violone grosso which essentially mirrors the cello, and the tuning of said instruments for these pieces is debated. One of these requires the use of an Echo flute, and only the first one of them has four movements, the last of which contains a polonaise and is notable for featuring hunting horns. A slow harpsichord movement is inserted into the third one of these, and its final piece features a viola de gamba which was to be played by Prince Leopold. For 10 points, identify this collection of six instrumental pieces by J. S. Bach named after a German duchy.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cacea0f31a754fab87c57a1bf2e7d3de",
            "input": "The end of one of this man's operas features the fugue \"Tutto nel mondo e burla\" sung beneath Herne's Oak. That opera features a character who pursues Mistresses Page and Ford and gets stuffed in a laundry basket, Falstaff, and the \"Anvil Chorus\" is part of this man's opera [*] Il trovatore. In one opera by this man, Gilda is killed instead of the Duke of Mantua, who sings \"La donna e mobile\" and employs a humpbacked jester, and in another, the Temple of Vulcan is the site of Ramades getting buried alive with an Ethiopian princess. For 10 points, name this operatic composer of Rigoletto and Aida.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-525db7956e4244b98141b37dcc4c48e2",
            "input": "Critical works of this writer include The Time of the Assassins, a study of Rimbaud, and To Paint is to Love Again, which features many of his own watercolors. But it was for more earthy works like Black Spring and Big Sur and the Oranges of Hieronymus Bosch for which he is better known. Willing to push the envelope in his depictions of sex, his affair with Anais Nin produced a celebrated set of letters, and his Rosy Crucifixion trilogy was censored for more than a decade in the U.S.  His most famous work was a scatological homage to Parisian bohemian life. FTP, name this author of the once controversial novel The Tropic of Cancer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f60d3d882b64fe2ace40bf9e275fc44",
            "input": "This ruler sought a military alliance with Mongol commander Eljigidei against the Khwarizmians, and later sent emissaries to Guyuk Khan and Mongke Khan, including the famous William of Rubruck. He was almost offered leadership of the Mamluk sultanate after the murder of the last Ayyubid sultan Turanshah, but was rejected in favor of his earlier enemy Baibars. Despite victories over Baibars at Damietta and Mansurah, he was finally defeated and captured after the Battle of Fariskur, thus ending that crusade. This ruler established the Parliament of Paris, and his faith led him to purchase the Crown of Thorns and construct Saint Chapelle. For 10 points, name this leader of the Seventh and Eighth Crusades, a thirteenth century king of France who was canonized as a saint for his piety.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb8f047bf9e5414a915c8346e58b3aae",
            "input": "This author wrote about an aged woman who tells stories about Danko, who tears his heart from his chest in a forest, and Larra, who becomes unable to die after killing a young girl, in \"Old Izergil. \" This author's first play focuses on the expelled student Pyotr and his sister Tanya, who are oppressed by their father Vassily. Besides that play, which is variously translated as The Petty Bourgeois and The Philistines, this author wrote a play about the truth-telling Bubnov and the locksmith Kleshch, which is set in a boarding house run by Vassilissa and the landlord Kostylyov. For 10 points, name this Russian author who pioneered socialist realism in his novel Mother and wrote The Lower Depths.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e37204b8afd947be915249ba7285238f",
            "input": "One attested nickname of this figure is Vindhler which means \"wind shelter\". Hallinskidi is another nickname of this figure, which may mean \"bent stick,\" and also refers to rams. The man who slept between Ai and Edda to create serfs and Afi and Amma to create herdsmen is said to be this figure, according to the prose introduction to a poem found only in the Codex Wormianus, the Rigsthula. That echoes the suggestion in the first lines of the Voluspa that all races are kinsmen of this figure. In the Husdrapa he fights with another god in the form of a seal in order to retrieve the necklace Brisingamen. This son of nine mothers is destined to be the last of the Aesir to die at Ragnarok where he will kill and be killed by Loki. In addition to the horse Gulltoppr, he is the owner of Gjallarhorn which he will sound to assemble the Aesir. For 10 points, name this Norse god who guards Bifrost, the rainbow bridge to Asgard.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7fca749b5bb94876b6c5fc1cfee41150",
            "input": "One episode of violence in this country led to the establishment of the National Operations Council following the declarion of the \"Darurat,\" or \"national emergency,\" following the ethnic violence in the May 13th incident. This country practices a form of positive discrimination for its \"Bumeputera\"  indigenous population, under the ideology of (*) \"katuanan,\" part of its New Economic Policy. This country has a rotating constitutional kingship known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. In the 1990s, this country's longtime prime minister, who has also attracted attention for strident anti-Jewish remarks, launched a bizarre crusade to imprison his chief critic, Anwar Ibrahim, by charging him with sodomy. For 10 points, name this country still under the influence of Mahathir bin Mohammed, which once controlled neighboring Singapore.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c9051bb990043c18a3a297542b6ec64",
            "input": "One of these creatures is featured at the bottom of Lucas Cranach the Elder's The Crucifixion with the Converted Centurion, and one of these is shown attacked by a lion in a work by George Stubbs. Rosa Bonheur painted a number of these animals running in a circle in one work, and the head of one of these creatures is depicted looking on from the left as an incubus sits on a sleeping woman in another painting. Aguste Macke and Franz Marc lead a German art movement named after a painting prominently featuring one of these animals, and four of these creatures enter the scene from the left as their riders wreck havoc in a Durer etching. For 10 points, name these animals, which are ridden by certain four figures of the Apocalypse.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-339e540f033c4e1fa994cbc29d265972",
            "input": "The first of them saw the first of the so-called Unequal Treaties. The second was joined by the French, who used the excuse of the murder of one of their missionaries. The first was officially concluded with the Treaty of Bogue, and the second was known as the \"Arrow\" War because it began with the storming of the H.M.S Arrow. That second one ended with the treaties of Tientsin, which were more decisive than the original treaty of Nanking. FTP, name these mid-19th century trading wars fought between European nations and China.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f1938eb5cee47d4a3901ea4a0dfc28a",
            "input": "Ernst Kummer showed that non-unique factorization produced a fatal flaw in the work of Cauchy and Lam that could not be overcome for certain irregular primes. Gerhard Frey showed this problem's equivalence to the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture, which Ken Ribet proved in 1986, while three years earlier, Gerd Faltings showed it has a finite number of relatively prime solutions for n greater than or equal to 3. Finally, in 1995 Andrew Wiles proved, for ten points, what conjecture that there are no non-trivial positive integers such that x to the n plus y to the n equal z to the n for n bigger than 2",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d2e04043e004bb2b10cb425660092ab",
            "input": "It was first identified by Frederick Addicott in 1963 and originally called dormin since it was thought to play a role in bud dormancy. It is synthesized from the 40-carbon carotenoid violaxanthin, which is converted to xanthonin and then this compound's aldehyde. Unlike auxins, its movement does not exhibit polarity. It induces the closure of stomata, inhibits shoot growth despite its lack of influence on roots, and inhibits the effects of gibberellins on synthesizing a-amylase. FTP, identify this plant compound named after its ability to cut fruits from plant stems.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-163a5dd9dc054cf4b0ddd80eaa20d360",
            "input": "In Zoroastrianism, a goddess of this took from the primeval bull the essence of all living animals and in Ainu myth, a former goddess of this gave up her domain after being ashamed of seeing the adultery of man. In addition to Maonghah and Chup Kamui, another deity ruling over this killed Ume Mochi, the goddess of food, after being disgusted by the way a meal was created. This object is said to have been created after the mutilation and decapitation of Coyolxauhqui in Aztec myth and the Mesopotamian god of it is Sin. A rice cake-making rabbit is associated with this entity in Chinese and Japanese folklore and Thoth once played draughts against this entity to increase the length of the calendar. Devoured by Hati at Ragnarok, For 10 points, identify this celestial body that is ruled by the Greek goddesses Hecate and Selene and the Roman goddess Luna.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f2f59be41d64c9986b0b03a22efed36",
            "input": "This effect's inverse form can be described using the Kompaneets equation, and Faust and Johnson described its multiple form. In describing this effect, its namesake created a namesake wavelength of a particle defined as Planck's constant divided by the product of the particle's mass and the speed of light. That inverse form, which results from the scattering of CMB photons, is known as the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. The differential cross-section of this effect is calculated for higher wavelengths of the Klein-Nishina formula, and is the higher-wavelength version of visible light's Thomson scattering. For 10 points, name this form of scattering in which a photon loses energy when it collides with matter.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d85368a0bc5347c1b9d191ba094dcd6f",
            "input": "Over thirty political prisoners in this country were broken out by the right-wing Organization X, which rose to prominence during the \"December events\". A former Russian cavalry officer who led the \"Society of Friends\" of this nation was named Alexander Ypsilantis. During its war of independence, the Ottomans lost the Battle of Navarino. In ancient times, this modern-day nation fought against the Persians under the leadership of Themistocles at Salamis. Cleisthenes and Solon laid the foundations for this nation's democracy. For 10 points, name this European country formerly led by George Papandreou from Athens.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40421e68e50b4365bd0c74f28dba9276",
            "input": "Chiral alcohols can be synthesized by performing Fleming-Tamao oxidation on a hydrosylilated version of these molecules. Grubbs' Catalyst catalyzes the Cross Metathesis, which joins two of these molecules. They can be used instead of alkyl halides in Friedel-Crafts. Both the Julia Reaction and the Schlosser Modification of the Wittig Reaction produce only the E isomer of these molecules, which are the products of both E1 and E2 reactions. For 10 points, name these aliphatic organic compounds that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f9ee386cca04e9685404576993ad756",
            "input": "This man's only extant wooden sculpture is a crucifix found at the Santo Spirito, at whose hospital this artist studied corpses. He sculpted the Dying Slave and Rebellious Slave for a room that also contains a horned depiction of Moses. Speculation that Solari was the actual sculptor inspired this man to carve his name on a sash in one of his works. This sculptor who worked on Julius II's tomb also made a seventeen-foot tall depiction of a naked man with his left hand near his chin. For 10 points, name this Italian artist who sculpted several Piets and a marble David.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-962ebd93fa41432cb6f05ff5642c7e94",
            "input": "This author wrote a play in which Halvard Solness promises to build his wife a new house with towers, only to fall to his death from that tower. In this author's most famous play, the protagonist's friend Mrs. Linde rekindles her love with a bank clerk at a costume party. That play by this author of Master Builder sees Krogstad blackmail the protagonist for an illegitimate loan she had taken a few years prior and ends with Nora storming out of her marriage to Torvald Helmer. For 10 points, name this Norwegian playwright of A Doll's House.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2b6903d4d714fbd91042ea4b1fa71ee",
            "input": "During this battle, part of the 1st Panzer Division murdered 84 American POWs, which is known as the Malmedy Massacre. The resistance at Bastogne and the eventual arrival of Patton's Third Army from the south resulted in an Allied victory at this battle. The German code name for the offensive during this fight was the \"\"Watch on the Rhine. \"\" Begun in December 1944, for 10 points, name this battle of World War II so named because of the large incursion into Allied lines.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ccfe2d8876e428ca8fcff05e92e998c",
            "input": "These entites are bounded in a spectrum according to the Gershgorin circle theorem. John Francis and Vera Kublanovskaya formulated the QR algorithm for these entities, whose corresponding qualitative theory in the Sturm-Liouville theory. Rayleigh quotient iteration extends inverse iteration and converges to them cubically, while multiple rotations are used to obtain a (*) diagonal approximating these entities in the Jacobi algorithm. The Lanczos algorithm uses power methods to calculate these entities, which can be used to characterize the stability of solutions to ODEs. The sum of these values and the product of these values equal a matrix's trace and a matrix's determinant respectively. FTP, name these solutions to a characteristic equation, which are special sets of scalars associated with the invariants of a linear system of equations.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-592cb57cd2b04c578e451a18ddd0bd13",
            "input": "L1 ligase one of these objects was developed by Robertson and Elington. One of these objects creates a five prime lariat cap, increasing the half-life and therefore the fitness of a homing endonuclease. That object occurs in the gene I-DirI and is called the GIRI branching one. One of these objects is found in tobacco ringspot virus and is called \"hairpin,\" and the B6. 61 one of these can add twenty nucleotides to a primer template before decomposing. The best known of these has invariant positions G12 and G8 serving as general base and general acid and can cleave between one base and an A, C, or U base. Many of these entities require divalent metal cofactors like magnesium, and most of them conduct their own hydrolysis or hydrolysis of similar structures, like the best-known Hammerhead one. FTP, name this class of RNA enzymes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a415d123ce54070a24e4a88daefb5a9",
            "input": "His festivals were celebrated at the Temple of Abydos, which marked the place where he assimilated Khenty-Imentin and picked up the epithet foremost of the westerners. Namesake gardens were assimilated at his festivals, which usually reenacted his fate, in which his brother sliced him into fourteen pieces. For 10 point, name this husband of Isis and father of Horus, the Egyptian god of the underworld.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-060ea7b8d506493792f348ac13244ff5",
            "input": "This thinker argued that children begin by stating \"observation sentences,\" then move on to \"observation\\n categoricals.\" He argued that many theories could adequately describe the world in his idea of \"ontological\\n relativity.\" In another thought experiment, he argued that one cannot know whether the word \"gavagai\"\\n means \"rabbit\" or \"let's go hunting.\" This man analyzed the sentence \"All bachelors are unmarried\" to\\n reject the analytic/synthetic distinction, and he proposed the Indeterminacy of Translation thesis. For 10\\n points, name this philosopher who wrote Two Dogmas of Empiricism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93c79269d9424b56b0f3db158969ade4",
            "input": "Different forms of these objects are noted by their lack of a silicon absorption line at 615 nanometers. They are believed to occur from the rapid and violent collapse of a tightly bound iron core and in their aftermath they can compress to form an extremely dense (*) neutron star. The Type Ia form of these objects typically occurs when a white dwarf exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit. The Crab Nebula is the result of one of these objects observed by Chinese astronomer in 1054 CE. For 10 points, name these stellar explosions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f353d7f0cf34042989d0096acb96190",
            "input": "Palawa is the name of the indigenous people located in one state of this country whose cities include Glenorchy and Clarence. The highest point of this country, located in the Great Dividing Range, was named by Paul Strzelecki after a Polish hero. Its longest river flows through cities such as Albury and Wodonga, forms the border between two states, and is called Murray River. Its lowest point, Lake Eyre, can be found in the state whose cities include Adelaide. Mount Kosciuszko and states such as Queensland and New South Wales are in  for 10 points  which country with capital at Canberra",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e81175be525b42a98e3f2c1b09d0fc74",
            "input": "Hieronimo has revenge on his mind after his son Horatio is killed and left hanging in an arbor. Hieronimo and Horatio's love, Bel-Imperia, conspire to stage a play in which the villains, including a prince of Portugal, are induced to take part; they are then killed, and Hieronimo kills himself. For 10 points, this describes the action in what late 16th-century play, the most famous drama of Thomas Kyd",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94bee8f058b2416e99c04f113587c2ec",
            "input": "The utility of the reaction for which these chemicals are a reactant is limited by the Boord olefin synthesis, which provides an alternative pathway that ends with alkenes; that reaction ends with water attacking these compounds characteristic group to leave a hydroxyl. These compounds are usually found in solutions of tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether because they dissociate in a reaction governed by the Schlenk equilibrium and are commonly synthesized by the reaction of tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether on a group two metal. The original form of these compounds was a phenyl bromide, but any halide can be used; they are defined as alkyl- or aryl-magnesium halides. For 10 points, name these highly reactive organomagnesium nucleophilic halides usually named for the 1912 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, a French organic chemist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9563eac3ae264352a9ba65916eabd287",
            "input": "When referring to electrons, it is approximately equal to the Fermi energy when the temperature is substantially less than the characteristic temperature. When equated with the electrical potential, it can be used to derive the Nernst equation and it is defined as the partial derivative of the free energy of a system with respect to the amount of a substance. For a substance in phase equilibrium the gas and liquid phase values for this quantity are equal. Sometimes known as the partial molar Gibbs Energy, for 10 points, name this \"energy\" that explains diffusion as particles flow from higher concentrations to lower concentrations.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da8c9c03739342c9a7ad11c1462e37a0",
            "input": "He was captured by a Kansas soldier who recognized \"Colon de Magdalo\" as this man's Masonic name and disguised American soldiers as prisoners escorted by Macabebe scouts. Installed as president under the Malolos constitution, he had earlier agreed to leave the country under the Biac-na-Bato agreement with Spain. He drew the wrath of another occupying power and spent many years in Bilibid prison after serving as a Japanese puppet bashing the former U.S. occupiers. For 10 points, name this leader of Chinese and Tagalog descent, who saw Frederick Funston end his term as the first president of the Philippines.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3ab7568b5174f57a8185d7d9315d37a",
            "input": "When she first appears, she has little sympathy for Mrs. Tancred, whose son was a Diehard, but that changes after she hears from Mrs. Madigan of her own son's death. Her husband, the Captain, has an on-again off-again friendship with Joxer. Her daughter is impregnated by Mr. Bentham who disappears to England before her family realizes that the will he presented is botched. Her husband Mr. Boyle gave her her nickname because she was born, christened, married, and gave birth to Johnny in June. FTP name this title character of a Sean O'Casey play, whose husband can often be found \"struttin' around like a paycock. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e5da4b6379d4ef6919a9fa2e9772706",
            "input": "Colhu Huapi is one of these bodies in Argentina that was created by eolic forces. Ones found along the coast of the Black Sea are known as Limans, while in Britain, broad ones are known as meres. Meromictic ones do not have intermixing between layers, while endoheic or terminal ones are not depleted through diffusion. Ones that form in cirques are known as tarns. Ones that are formed from meanders of a river that are cut off from the main body are called Oxbow ones, while ones that form in calderas such the deepest one in the United States are known as Crater ones. FTP, name these bodies exemplified by Ladoga and Superior.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4b88662814d4191880243a014bdf957",
            "input": "_Before one battle, Xu You defected to this man and revealed the location of an enemy supply depot in Wuchao, which allowed this man to break a stalemate. In 2009, this man's tomb was supposedly dug up in Henan, but controversy exists on whether it is genuine or whether it belongs to one of his descendants. This man was appointed the \"General who (+)_ Arranged the Army\" of the Army of the Western Garden, which did not last. However, this man later built up the Qingzhou army. His domestic policies included Tun Tian System, which was directed at farmers and helped alleviate results of a locust plague. He is often depicted with a (*) white face in operatic productions, as he is often depicted as a treacherous villain. This man gained the support of Emperor Xiao after a campaign in which he captured Luoyang and defeated Dong Zhuo. This man also defeated Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu. In his goal of unifying China, this man was defeated by Sun Quan and Liu Bei at the Battle of Red Cliffs. For 10 points, name this warlord of the Three Kingdoms period, who laid the grounds for the kingdom of Cao Wei.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e618ff4800274ecb89affadb7b4a8ecd",
            "input": "In reproductions of this work, the image of a woman screaming towards the sky is often excluded. In 1974, this painting was defaced with red spray paint and the words KILL LIES ALL. Commissioned for the 1937 World's Fair in Paris, this black and white work depicts a man trying to steal a baby from its mother, Lady Liberty carrying the lamp of democracy, a flower growing from a shattered vase, and a horse drowning in chaos. FTP, name anti-war Pablo Picasso painting named for a bombed Basque city.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8cfa4ef91e73437493852fc3de7044c4",
            "input": "After this event, its planners moved from Warwick Castle to Holbeche house. Robert and Thomas Wintour were two planners of this event, and before it, Thomas Percy rented a room later occupied by \"John Johnson.\" This event failed when Francis Tresham's letter to William Parker was [*] acquired by Robert Cecil. The group behind this event was led by Roger Catesby and sought to increase freedom for Catholics by assassinating James I. This plot is commemorated with fireworks and burnings-in-effigy on the fifth of November. For 10 points, name this attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament, centering on Guy Fawkes.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1704c300af294aecbec872bf0aa93b25",
            "input": "Early in his reign, he had to put down a rebellion launched by Zhao Peng, Huo Hong, and Zhai Yi, the governor of Dong, while his later reign saw an uprising led by Mother Lu. He introduced new coins made out of tortoise shells and instituted a sloth tax on unused land, as well as returning to the well-field system for farmland organization. Other reforms included Chinas first income tax, as well as state monopolies over a wide range of resources such as gold, lumber, salt, and liquor. Seizing power from the young emperors Ruzi and Ping after being appointed their regent and losing power to the uprising of the Red Eyebrows, this is FTP, what Chinese usurper who interrupted the Han dynasty",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-edfda2387320404bb719b879c4f1fe6f",
            "input": "One paper by this author rejects Meinong's theory that all grammatically correct phrases stand for real objects. This philosopher examined the truth value of statements about non-existent objects with the sentence \"The present King of France is bald.\" This philosopher introduced the \"theory of types\" to solve the problem of whether the set of all sets that are not members of themselves contains itself, a paradox named for this author of On Denoting. With an older philosopher, he wrote a work that attempted to derive mathematics using symbolic logic. For 10 points, name this English philosopher who collaborated with Alfred North Whitehead on Principia Mathematica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a90e987378d41468cce9339e9361ea5",
            "input": "A territory invaded during this war asked to borrow gunpowder to salute a ship that had come to conquer it. One island invaded in this war had been overseen by the \"Butcher\" Weyler. An admiral in this war stated \"You may (*) fire when you are ready,\" prior to beginning the Battle of Manila Bay. One battle in this \"splendid little war\" saw San Juan Hill charged upon by the Rough Riders and Teddy Roosevelt. Hearst's and Pulitzer's yellow journalism as well as the explosion of the USS Maine helped instigate this war. For 10 points, name this war which led to the capture of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba by the United States.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50ddba1a4a554ff89bb12bcbd2ab178f",
            "input": "The reciprocal relationship between the eigenvalues of the mass matrix of these particles is called the \"seesaw mechanism\"; the larger eigenvalue may be the mass of their \"sterile\" variety. One phenomenon predicted by Pontecorvo involving these entities was searched for by (*) MINOS. Reines and Cowan used an aqueous cadmium chloride solution to detect them, and other detectors tend to include large volumes of material, such as Super Kamiokande. For 10 points, name these leptons, the nearly massless products of radioactive decay whose varieties include the muon and tau and which are represented by the letter nu.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51aee736a3364724bbe2c8c3c2fffe79",
            "input": "This ruler established a code which mandated that pavilions be owned by only one family and ordered the execution of the Duke of Biron partially for conspiring with Savoy, which was forced to surrender Bresse to him by the Treaty of Lyons. His other less known diplomacy includes sending the Duke of Mercoeur to sign the Peace of Vervins. His mistresses included Gabrielle dEstre, and he won major military victories at Arques and Ivry. His main advisor Maximilien de Bethune, the Duke of Sully, reformed the paulette and he was succeeded by his son by Marie de Medici, Louis XIII. FTP, name this French king who declared that Paris was worth a mass and signed the Edict of Nantes as the first Bourbon.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ad1b61f005a4cfb97e8399b82430fb3",
            "input": "Forces acting in the name of this ruler were victorious at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, and his reign saw Sir Peter Carew and the Earl of Bedford crush the Western Rebellion in Cornwall. His reign also saw the removal of Nicholas Heath, Edward Bonner, and Stephen Gardiner from their episcopal posts, mostly at the behest of John Dudley, his Lord President. Earlier, his Lord Protector, the Duke of Somerset, encouraged him to sign the death warrant of Thomas Seymour, his uncle, and his reign saw the Book of Common Prayer established by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer. For ten points, name this last male Tudor, the sickly son of Henry VIII.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a262daca1ee416fac53a7c1a7c2ecd6",
            "input": "man collaborated with Thomas Girtin in copying studies by John Robert Cozens and Edward Dayes while staying with Thomas Munro, and he was inspired by a Thomas Gray poem to depict the decimation of the Welsh Bards by Edward I. This man often appended quotes from his alleged epic poem \"The Fallacies of Hope\" to his works, which include a view of Venice from the Porch of Madonna and Ulysses Dering Polyphemus. He painted two works on \"morning\" and \"evening\" after a downpour, while his Roman works include Apullia in Search of Appulus and View of Orvieto. One of his paintings depics a vehicle barreling forward parallel to a barely visible colonnade, while another notably sets the titular ship off on the left side. Causing controversy with a painting depicting dying people being thrown off the titular craft during a storm, this is, for 10 points, what artist of Slave Ship and Rain, Steam, and Speed",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-799ed12443d04ee4818e6f3654827868",
            "input": "scholars have argued that most of this man's book was written by a different source from his prayer in chapter 2, and one of the ironies of this character is that, while he is deceitful, his father's name means \"truth. \" This man makes a cameo eight books before his own and is told to anoint Jehu as rightful king. The Yalkut Shimoni asserts that after this man performed his commanded task, the King of the city to which he had traveled tore down his palace and ordered that both the people and beasts wear sackcloth and ashes in repentance, though this man was disappointed that they were shown mercy at all. A recurring theme at the beginning of the story is this man's \"going down,\" first to Joppa and then into his napping spot, the hold of a ship. This son of Amittai's book falls between those of Obadiah and Micah and is read every year on Yom Kippur. For ten points name this reluctant prophet of the Hebrew Bible who eventually prophesies the destruction of Nineveh after failing to run away.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-529889e69a8f456d8f711cd530e09bca",
            "input": "This poem contains a passage in which a poet retells the story of the fight at Finnesburg, which is also told in a fragment included in Frederick Klaeber's edition of this poem. A 1936 lecture on this poem argued that it should be studied as a text rather than as a historical document, and was subtitled \"The Monsters and the Critics. \" This poem opens by describing the sea burial of Scyld Scefing. Wiglaf is the only person to accompany the protagonist during his attempt to slay a dragon, which takes place years after he kills the two other primary antagonists. For 10 points, name this epic poem about a hero who saves Hrothgar from the monster Grendel.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea41197417694e489b77094f59b1cd1a",
            "input": "His most notorious publication is likely the article \"Distortions at Fourth Hand,\" in which he apologized for the Khmer Rouge, and he also wrote the preface to a book by Holocaust denier Robert Faurisson, claiming that he was defending the principle of free speech. His assault on B.F. Skinner's theories helped to initiate the cognitive revolution in psychology, and his namesake hierarchy ranks the expressive power of formal languages, a concept important in automata theory. His \"principles and parameters\" approach to language acquisition posits the existence of a universal grammar, and he believes that grammar is transformational and generative. FTP, name this linguist and polemicist, author of the scientific Syntactic Structures and political Imperial Ambitions.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0ddfb9948cb4809bf33fca5ea439cde",
            "input": "In one work, this composer adapted the opening theme from the first section \"Arietta\" into a waltz for the last segment entitled, \"Remembrances,\" and he wrote an \"air\" in andante religioso for a work written \"in old style\" dedicated to a playwright. In addition to Lyric Pieces and the Holberg Suite, one of his works has sections titled \"Anitra's Dance\" and \"Morning Mood\" and a sharp cymbal crash represents the destruction of a mountain as trolls are chasing the title character in the movement, \"In the Hall of the Mountain King. \" For 10 points, name this composer, who wrote the Peer Gynt Suites, a noted Norwegian.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7a97a36551646908976664fec22c236",
            "input": "One god of this domain is accompanied by seven judges, seven messengers, and his bald uncle Myesyats. Another god of this domain counts among his enemies the immortal disembodied head Rahu. A god of this domain was assisted by the vizier Bunene, gave an axe called \"Might of Heroes\" and the bow of Anshan to Gilgamesh, and lived in a palace guarded by scorpion men. In another myth system, Dijun and Xihe were the parents of the three-legged birds responsible for this domain, (*) nine of which were killed by the archer Hou Yi. A temple that is torn down and rebuilt every twenty years at Ise is sacred to another deity of this domain, who once hid in a cave after a flayed pony was thrown into her hall by her brother Susano'o. For 10 points, identify this celestial domain associated with Dazhbog, Surya, Shamash, Amaterasu, and the Norse demigoddess Sol.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca598023c8c0406abb69d0956aa0cbfa",
            "input": "Two characters in this play are amused when they view a diorama of a Mormon pioneer family, and a character named Belize insist that they say the Kaddish. One character in this play sees a vision of the dead clasping hands and protecting the earth while on a plane to San Francisco, a plane that Mr. Lies had arranged for her. The ghost of Ethel Rosenberg appears in one characters dreams and enjoys his suffering. That character must decide whether to ask the President to help him get AZT, and is an unscrupulous Mormon lawyer named Roy Cohn. Louis leaves the protagonist of this play for him, causing Prior Walker to be hurt. For ten points, identify this play about AIDS by Tony Kushner.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b538a854bb474ab092d3fb3168296a6a",
            "input": "Die Harmonie der Welt, and The Long Christmas Dinner are three of the eight completed operas by, for 15 points, what composer known for his espousal of practical music as well as his seven chamber concertos and the opera Mathis der Maler",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc57889ec9de436db33ccf98ed1def11",
            "input": "One writer from this country wrote about Salie and her brother Madicke in The Belly of the Atlantic, and another writer from this country wrote Scarlet Song as well as a novel written in the form of a letter from Ramatoulaye to Aissatou, So Long a Letter. Aside from Fatou Diome and Mariama B, authors from this country include one who wrote Xala, which he later adapted into a film, as well as a novel about a railroad strike, God's Bits of Wood. That author, Ousmane Sembne, is not as famous as a poet from this country, who, along with Aim Csaire, created the concept of Ngritude. For 10 points, name this country which was home to Lopold Senghor.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c14e227e59f4c30900c7df6c4142f1e",
            "input": "One of this writer's works includes an undivided section titled \"Rooms,\" as well as individual entries such as \"A Red Stamp\" and \"Roastbeef. \" This poet penned the line \"Egg be takers\" and included the phrase \"Pat ten patent\" in the poem that includes this writer's most quoted line. One of this author's works has a Part Two but no Part One, contains multiple Chapter Xs and Chapter 10s, and opens with the line \"Once. Always excited to say twice. \" This author of Alphabets and Birthdays also wrote that Brim Beauvais, as well as the poem Sacred Emily. In addition to writing about the titular writer who wishes to meet this author, \"Pablo Picasso and Alfred Whitehead\" for her hypothetical book The Wives of Geniuses I Have Sat With, this poet gathered verbal fragments in a cubist style for her Tender Buttons. For 10 points, name this author of The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, the poet behind the line \"a rose is a rose is a rose. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f64e8d61327f4b8f9343798d7c9c9f5c",
            "input": "[AR] In 1966, Martin Heidegger and Eugene Fink presented a seminar on the work of this man, and though he suggests, \"the Thunderbolt guides all things,\" Popper called him the first historicist philosopher of nature. Indicative of his ontological positions, he acknowledges the need for War and strife and calls it the father and king of all. He was the first to use the term 'kosmos' to refer to the world instead of just order and he suggests, \"for souls it is death to become water. \" Known for his concepts of the unity of opposites, the notion of flux, and that fire was the basic essence of the universe-for 10 points, name this Ephesian philosopher who suggests that stepping into the same river twice is fraught with logical complications.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa18f4fa45dd47428baa17ec1c9388cc",
            "input": "This composer's choral music included such songs as \"The Renegade,\" and \"My Star,\" but he could also do secular music, as in the Shakespeare Festival March. He wrote a concert etude for piano, On the Seashore, in the same year as his symphonic poem about a vassal of Harold Bluetooth, Hakon Jarl. His final opera, which dealt with a monarch's wish to destroy a legendary dam, was called The Devil's Wall. Both \"The Dance of the Comedians\" and the aria, \"Is it Possible,\" appear in his opera about Hans' struggle to best Wenzel for the hand of Marie. That work was preceded by the story of Jira in The Brandenburgers in Bohemia. For 10 points, identify this composer whose best known work is composed of such tone poems as \"Tabor,\" \"Blanik,\"and \"The Moldau, and is collectively entitled Ma Vlast. \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2eb51d9b35c40039a4790d0f5ccb378",
            "input": "The Hilbert Basis Theorem guarantees that if one of these is Noetherian, then the polynomials over it are also Noetherian. While the existence of a multiplicative unit in one of these isnt guaranteed by the axioms, most authors assume its presence. These can form quotients with special subsets known as ideals, and commutative ones with no zero divisors are known as integral domains. Formally an abelian group over addition and a monoid over multiplication, this describes, for ten points, what algebraic structure exemplified by the integers",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89a6dbac5f4e48bb983f1f6f560b8f57",
            "input": "This result is closely related to the Gram-Charlier and Edgeworth expansions in terms of cumulants. Lindeberg showed that a weaker condition is sufficient in a variant of this statement that replaces the requirement of identical distributions with the Lyapunov condition on third moments about the mean. The Cauchy distribution does not satisfy the conditions of this theorem, and in fact has a sample variance that is independent of the sample size. FTP, name this theorem stating that any sum of I I D random variables converges in distribution to the normal distribution.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37dda6b6b31f4e219020b642fc906dfb",
            "input": "Flurprimidol and ancymidol are two chemicals that inhibit synthesis of these compounds, whose precursors include ent-kaurene. PIF3/4 is a transcription factor whose activity is regulated by these compounds through their promotion of ubiquitination of DELLA proteins. A bioassay for these compounds using barley endosperm relies on their stimulation of hydrolytic enzymes in germinating cereal grains. Teijiro Yabuta and Eiichi Kurosawa named and discovered these compounds during studies of foolish seedling disease. For 10 points, name this class of plant hormones that break dormancy and stimulate cell elongation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a81b51228a504ffd82a91b0af224c86b",
            "input": "The second chapter of this work describes a man who uses his impressive football skills to become Prime Minister. Another character becomes a monk after beating the Lord of the West to death; however, the abbot sends that man away for consuming wine and meat. Another man learns that Pan Jinlian murdered his brother and committed adultery with Ximen Qing, then kills them both. The downfall of the main characters is their acceptance of amnesty, which causes two-thirds them to be killed in their campaign against rebel Fang La. For 10 points, name this Chinese classic about the heroes of Mount Liang.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae54dac8477943cf83ab7a696fcc2a5c",
            "input": "Despite a royal order ordering it to end on August 25, it continued unabated in the countryside, leading to 70,000 deaths. Prompted both by a failed assassination plot against Admiral Coligny and the gathering of many prominent leaders for the wedding of Margaret of Valois to Henry of Navarre, it was a Guise plot reluctantly joined by King Charles IX and organized by Catherine de'Medici. FTP, what was this 1572 massacre of French Huguenots",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c2fda08c6b941cc9356ac3f6e94723c",
            "input": "This person adapted a Holger Drachmann poem into his Sakuntala, and his second opera, Magic Fountain, was never performed in his lifetime. Some of his Norway-inspired works include the tone poem Eventyr, or Once Upon a Time, as well as the symphonic choral work A Song of the High Hills. His George Washington Cable-inspired opera Koanga repeated the \"La Calinda\" tune from the \"Daybreak\" movement of a suite which depicted the St. Johns River, while his most famous work is an opera in which the son of Manz and the daughter of Marti, Sali and Vreli, avoid the Dark Fiddler and eventually drown together. He included the Norwegian folk song In Ola Valley in his On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring and adapted a Percy Grainger arrangement of a folk song into his Brigg Fair. For 10 points, identify this English composer, a former orange grower whose works include Florida Suite and A Village Romeo and Juliet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-315ea8f4dc254d8194462bc19abbf5cb",
            "input": "One governor of this state died in a duel with Lachlan McIntosh, while its royal Governor James Wright was the only British administrator to regain power of a colony during the American Revolution. One of its Loyalist leaders, Thomas Brown, was defeated while holding Fort Cornwallis against Elijah Clarke and Light-Horse Harry Lee. Another engagement saw fatal wounds suffered by Casimir Pulaski in this state, which earlier in 1742 had witnessed the Battle of Bloody Marsh. Home to the patriots Lyman Hall and Button Gwinett, a Supreme Court case voided the conviction of a missionary in this state who refused to obtain a state license to live in Indian Territory. That case prompted the line \"John Marshall has made his decision--now let him enforce it!\" by Andrew Jackson. FTP, name this state which convicted Samuel Worcester, a colony originally founded by James Oglethorpe.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7bbabda14509479995a8d7aacf23d170",
            "input": "This work's title character commits suicide after receiving a telegram which says \"Safe Brindisi. Having a rattling good time. \" One character marries Rodney Bayham, while another ends up nurse to a woman who can only say a Latin phrase and \"shuttlecocks\". Maisie Maidan is the only character with a real heart defect, and the narrator's wife keeps a fake vial of heart medicine, which is in fact prussic acid. (*) Nancy Rufford is the title figure's last affair after he tires with Florence, the narrator's wife, and his marriage to Leonora fails miserably. For 10 points, name this \"saddest story,\" told by John Dowell about Edward Ashburnham and written by Ford Maddox Ford.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad724fb78ae9411e89ba094735c4f262",
            "input": "He collaborated on the libretto of William Grant Stills Troubled Island, an opera about political turmoil in Haiti. He also worked on the play Mule Bone, though worked independently on his biography of Marian Anderson and his autobiographical The Big Sea. He portrays Sandys acknowledgement of the realities of life in a small town in his novel Not Without Laughter, but is better known for his poetry collections including Fields of Wonder and Shakespeare in Harlem. For ten points, name this poet of The Weary Blues and The Negro Speaks of Rivers",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52adb9682c324af887df50a7405c967f",
            "input": "It consists of 115 islands and 30 prominent rock formations. Most of the islands are coralline, stretching over a 1,200 kilometer radius from Ile aux Vaches in the north to the Aldabra Atoll in the southwest. Other important islands include Praslin, La Digue, and the main island, Mahe, which contains the capital and only city, Victoria. FTP, name this island nation located northeast of the Comoros and further northeast of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4d6f29b9b28484991af363f921f2a0e",
            "input": "This composer wrote the musical ode \"Come ye Sons of Art\" for the birthday of a monarch and set text by Nicholas Brady to music in his Ode to St. Cecilia. This composer utilized a quartet of Flatt trumpets for a march in another work. In addition to composing music for the funeral of Mary II, this student of (*) John Blow collaborated with Nahum Tate on an opera with an aria addressed to Belinda. This composer's Abdelazar was quoted by Benjamin Britten in The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra. He wrote an opera containing the aria \"When I am laid in earth,\" which is also called the \"lament\" of the title Queen of Carthage. For 10 points, name this English Baroque composer of Dido and Aeneas.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1317f54a91ce4ebe8ece95a969d3f195",
            "input": "This authors The Little Kingdom centers on a teacher who must win over the leader of his students in order to survive in the classroom, while The Reed Cutter explores a non-sexual mnage a trois. In another novel, a meeting at an art class turns into obsession when an older woman falls in love with a young female student. That work Quicksand was followed by this writers rumination on the clash of tradition and technology in architectural design, In Praise of Shadows. The namesake of his first novel is described as having, Mary Pickfords smile; Gloria Swansons eyes; [and] Bebe Daniels suave affectation, traits that only add to narrator Joji Kawais desire to haver her in Naomi. His best-known work is set in Osaka where four siblings must try to negotiate being modern women. For ten points, identify this author of Some Prefer Nettles and The Makioka Sisters.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03b228bf58b34bc9bf20a7b64a167bf9",
            "input": "The son of Cleinias and Deinomache, daughter of Megacles, this statesman from the deme of Skambonidai descended though his mother's lineage from the aristocratic family of the Alcmaeonidae. According to Plutarch, his wife, Hipparete, loved him but attempted to divorce him because of his many liaisons with courtesans, and he would even find his way into the bed of Timaia, the queen of Sparta while working for King Agis II. Having a reputation for unruly behavior, a religious scandal was easily associated with him, and under threat of the death penalty, he would flee to Sparta, only to return to the service of his home town in 411 BC. His relationship with Socrates was well known, and it is said that Socrates saved his life at the Battle of Potidaea. FTP, name this exceedingly charismatic Athenian double turncoat who appears in several Socratic dialogues including Protagoras, Symposium, and his namesake dialogues.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b40d656052d148ba8552e0b5a0f1b747",
            "input": "This country lies at the southern end of the Brenner Pass and contains the Aosta Valley. Lakes Garda and Como are located in this country, and the Adige flows through its province of South Tyrol. One of this country's island possessions lies south of the Tyrrhenian Sea, while another lies across the Strait of Bonifacio from (*) Corsica. Taranto and Trieste are cities in this country, which contains the Dolomites and Apennines and shares Mont Blanc with France. Its Po River flows into the Adriatic Sea, while its Arno River flows past Florence and Pisa. For ten points, name this country which contains cities like Naples, Venice, and Rome.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dac4dc2f09ee42029cac28ef660ac249",
            "input": "This rulers chief justice was Shigi Qutuqu, and he also appointed the minister Yel Chucai. An account of travels to this rulers court was published as the Journey to the West of the Taoist monk Kiu Chang Chun. This promulgator of the Yasa law code was served by the general Jebe, who died soon after a victory at the Battle of the Kalka River. A prime source for this rulers life is a Secret History, and he rose to power by allying with the Kerait ruler Toghrul before fighting a power struggle with Jamuka. This ruler conquered the Khwarezmid Empire and invaded the Tangut kingdom of Western Xia. This mans general Subotai would go on to serve his son and successor, Ogdi. For 10 points, name this conqueror, born Temjin, who united the steppe tribes and founded the Mongol Empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70eb8b843b52480fbfea4a0f2e2acde4",
            "input": "During this war, Jorg Jenatsch took control over a controversial court in Valtellina and sentenced the head of the Planta family to be pinned to the floor with an axe, which he then eagerly carried out personally. The resulting Bundner Wirren, or Confusion of the Leagues, had to be put down by Henri de Rohan, whose own revolts during this conflict forced the Treaty of Montpellier. One general in this war was hacked to death in bed by Scotsmen under Walter Leslie. Southern Europe's last major bubonic plague outbreak occurred after the death of three Gonzaga brothers triggered the War of the Mantuan Succession. It saw Spanish tercios win at Nordlingen but fail disastrously at Breitenfeld, leading to the death of the County of Tilly. Wallenstein lost at its Battle of Lutzen, which claimed the life of Gustavus Adolphus. For 10 points, name this massive European conflict resolved by the Peace of Westphalia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35672a6a49954ae1b2f7fe80fd01ed2c",
            "input": "In June 2013, scientists found PAHs in this body's atmosphere. The Ligeia and Kraken Mares are found on this body, which undergoes a sort of \"anti- greenhouse effect\" due to the large concentration of organic molecules. This object, which is in resonance with Hyperion, has an orange smog caused by the breakup of methane in its atmosphere. Methane is also present in this moon's lakes. The Huygens portion of the Cassini-Huygens mission explored this moon. For 10 points, name this moon, the second largest in the solar system and the largest moon of Saturn.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bab074981e064433a34f816c74349c6d",
            "input": "This deity was once assisted by the winds in breaking the fighting spirit of the river Xanthus, or Scamander, thus saving the life of Achilles. His children include a man-eating monster who was killed by Heracles after stealing some of Geryon's cattle from him. This father of Cacus and the Cabeiri gave his apprentice Cedalion to the blind Orion as a guide. This god's consorts include the youngest of the Graces, Aglaia, whose mother Eurynome had cared for him after his ejection by Hera from Mount Olympus. His attempted rape of Athena led to the birth of Erichthonius, while Helios discovered that this god's first wife was having an affair with Ares. For 10 points, identify this husband of Aphrodite, a crippled smith god from Greek mythology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f6a65b44c5043b58f51cb2c78b06d46",
            "input": "This man used his most famous theory to explain the Holocaust during WWII and the My Lai massacre during the Vietnam conflict. He purported this theory in such works as the article \"Nationality and Conformity\" and Perils of Obedience. He conducted his studies of conformity with Solomon Asch before conducting his most famous experiment, whose details he analyzed in 1974's Obedience to Authority. FTP, identify this Yale psychologist whose namesake experiment involved electrically shocking the crap out of some people.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f3ed0309fc74db6a7d5eb992abc9621",
            "input": "Haag, Lopuszanski, and Sohnius showed in 1975 that this concept is the maximal possible extension of the Poincare type. It does so without violating the Coleman-Mandula theorem by transforming particles into particles that differ from the original by one-half unit of spin. This prediction of string theory states that at higher energy scales, every boson should have a fermion partner and vice versa. Examples of predicted particles include the selectron and the squark. FTP, identify this idea that results from superstring theory.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80143f3628e6455981d1e7d6f1a58520",
            "input": "He extended the differential geometry of 2D surfaces, developed by his teacher Gauss, generalizing the concept of metrics and geodesics. Thus, in 1854, he almost stumbled on general relativity. He gave his name to the extension of Cauchy's equations in complex analysis and a curvature tensor which contracts to the Ricci tensor. For ten points, what German discovered the zeta function.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ffc52b96d2f488891c1387e21530353",
            "input": "In one section of this literary work, the main character is advised that \"the immature think that knowledge and action are different, but the wise see them as the same.\" In this work, an endless dress prevents a princess from being disrobed following a dice game; that princess was won in a contest in which her husband shot a mechanical fish in the eye by seeing only its reflection. This work opens with the birth of Bhishma and tells of the death of Karna at the hands of Arjuna, who chooses to employ Krishna as his charioteer. Much of this work focuses on the rivalry between the Kauravas and the Pandavas. For 10 points, name this Indian epic which contains the Bhagavad-Gita.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c2eb849f9f144158fb8817b591105a8",
            "input": "His three novels include Wilson: A consideration of Sources and The Old Religion. His 1972 work about two Jewish men discussing topics about which they lack knowledge, Duck Variations helped cement his reputation as an exponent of new realism, a style with natural language and a limited number of characters. His more recent plays, such as The Cryptogram and The Old Neighborhood, touch on semiautobiographical themes, and he criticized capitalism by portraying the action around a Chicago junk store and its unethical business in American Buffalo. The 1984 Pulitzer Prize winner for a drama about real estate agents, FTP, identify the author of Glengarry Glen Ross.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d5de757f95ae45caa2e17c52dcd81da9",
            "input": "This artist married his student Susan Macdowell, whom he painted sitting next to his setter dog Duke. He depicted his father watching Bertrand Gardel and George Holmes participate in the title activity in The Chess Players. In another of his paintings, a victorious wrestler holds his hand to the crowd as he exits the ring. He painted the title pair wearing blue bandanas in one of his many paintings of the Biglin brothers. This painter of Salutat painted a nude woman holding a slab of wood while modeling for William Rush. Many of his paintings depict rowers on the Schuylkill River. He painted himself in a crowded medical gallery watching a femur operation performed by a famous Philadelphia surgeon. For 10 points, name this artist of Max Schmitt in a Single Scull and The Gross Clinic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19f806767e804021848015d9b8656f8b",
            "input": "of his paintings shows Fairman Rogers driving a coach with his family, and was inspired by studies in photography. This artist of A May Morning in the Park painted several works showing a sculptor carving various public statues, while another of his paintings shows a man slumped over in the title object as the artist himself vigorously rows toward the background. This painter of portraits of William Rush and Max Schmitt in a Single Scull depicted a woman shrinking away from the central scene of a painting wherein a dissection is observed by students at the Jefferson Medical College. For 10 points, identify this American painter of The Gross Clinic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb7b5f8ba0ff4e24bf00d801b5218900",
            "input": "This writer alleged that Ezra Pounds version of hell is not frightening because it is constructed solely for viewing by others and not for the damned, due to Pound having no concept of sin, in his essay After Strange Gods. A play by this man features Lucasta, the secret daughter of Sir Claude Mulhammer, and one of his works notes that at this stage of religious experience the proper prayer is/Teach us to sit still and is partially based on In Exile at Sarzana by Guido Cavalcanti. A lady dressed in white appears in a section by this poet which is inspired by the Valley of Dry Bones from Ezekiel, and this man also wrote the line \"tenants of the house/thoughts of a dry brain in a dry season. \" For 10 points, name this writer of The Confidential Clerk and Ash Wednesday, who wrote \"between the essence and the descent falls the shadow\" in a poem that notes \"this is the way the world ends/not with a bang but a whimper,\" \"The Hollow Men. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2524483c44d842289a40a115e9892145",
            "input": "One movement of this piece uses a B major capriccioso to represent children quarrelling in the Tuileries. This piece's second movement uses four measures played \"velocissimo\" and \"con tutta forza\" to recreate the cry of the deformed \"Gnome.\" Maurice Ravel orchestrated this work, one movement of which describes \"The [*] Hut on Fowl's Legs\" that belongs to the witch Baba-Yaga. This piece uses \"promenades\" to represent walking between paintings like The Great Gate of Kiev. Inspired by a showing of Viktor Hartmann's paintings, for 10 points, name this piano suite by Modest Mussorgsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d020d4ef3200450ea4a66dac7aad1d1f",
            "input": "In one of this author's novels, the narrator V. discovers that Nina Lecerf must have had a love affair with his half-brother. This author of The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, also wrote a novel in which the narrator replaces a professor at Waindell University after Dr. Hagen departs for a more prestigious college. Another of his works includes a 999-line poem by (*) John Shade. This author of Pnin wrote about a character who participates in a play called The Enchanted Hunters, which is directed by Clare Quilty. In that novel, Humbert Humbert is obsessed with nymphets like Dolores Haze. For ten points, name this author of Pale Fire and Lolita.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2997aa3bd9a44d0e84988ab842c7ab49",
            "input": "The first battle in this conflict occurred just outside Calama, and witnessed the demise of Eduardo Abaroa, who made his reputation in that engagement, the Battle of Topte. This conflict began in part due to a tax placed on a nitrate and railway company, and escalated after the outing of an alliance between nations led Mariano Prado and Hilarin Daza. Manuel Gonzlez' victory at Tacna effectively removed Bolivia from this conflict less than a year after forces led by Juan Jose Latorre killed Peruvian naval hero Miguel Grau and captured his ship, the Huscar, at the Battle of Angamos. Officially ended by the Treaty of Ancn, for 10 points, name this conflict, nicknamed the Saltpeter War, which saw Peru ally with Bolivia in a border dispute with Chile over mineral-rich territory.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b028f3e856ee4ea4aef559d2d6042d7a",
            "input": "This man wrote the most emblematic novel of a literary movement that was named for a Frederick Klinger play about the American Revolution. A polymath, he also wrote scientific works such as the Essays on the Metamorphosis of Plants and a Theory of Colors. A homunculus suggests the idea of summoning Helen of Troy to Mephistopheles, who tempts Faust, in one of his plays. For 10 points, name this German Sturm und Drang author who wrote of the suicide of Lotte's lover in The Sorrows of Young Werther.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f76cf678f2ce4be4861d4191b8ceea3d",
            "input": "Frederick Charles of Hesse was very briefly proclaimed king of this country in 1918, and a war named for this country was concluded with the Treaty of Fredrikshamn. This country employed motti tactics to win the Battle of Raate Road, and it cooperated with Germany in Operation Silver Fox against Murmansk. A group called the Activists assassinated Nikolay Bobrikov during this country's struggle for independence. The Soviet Union's post-war boundaries were formally acknowledged at a 1975 set of (*) accords named for this nation's capital. This country fought in the Continuation War after giving up control of the Hanko Peninsula. During World War II, it was led by Carl Mannerheim and lost the Winter War to the Soviets. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country with capital at Helsinki.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce304d84c968427b90035dd9bcbdfb89",
            "input": "This piece was requested by Bernard Scholz, although the composer ignored his request not to orchestrate it heavily, and Hugo Alfvn used it as inspiration for the Uppsala Rhapsody. This piece includes a bassoon solo playing \"Wir hatten gebauet ein stattliches Haus\", and a similar song, \"Fuchslied\", is also featured. The highly evocative finale of this piece utilizes the song Gaudeamus igitur and evokes rapture and common German drinking songs. This piece was written as a companion piece to its composers earlier Tragic Overture. For ten points, identify this piece which was written in thanks for an honorary doctorate from the University of Breslau, which was written by Johannes Brahms.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8c68e6c122474ec6a8ce4dbf794ca91a",
            "input": "A proposed mechanism for this reaction involves radical anions and zinc carbenoid intermediates, and pinacols are often produced as side products. An amalgamated mercury is present, with the mercury acting only as a clean surface for the reaction, while the metal it binds with functions as the reductant in a hydroxyl solution of HCl or another mineral acid. Commonly used after a Friedel-Crafts acylation to produce an alkyl final product, this acidic counterpart to the strongly basic Wolf-Kishner reduction uses amalgamated zinc. FTP name this reaction named after a Danish-American chemist, which is the reduction of a carbonyl group of a ketone to a methylene group.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9463f8c9c76845649d00b7ba813617b2",
            "input": "It features a distinction between palpable gold and gold that can be imbibed, while a song in this work begins \"Fools, they are the only nation / worth's men's envy or admiration. \" One character refers to himself as the Pantalone di besognioni and calls others Flaminio and Franciscina, all three of which are from the comedia dell'arte. Another character discusses the \"spy baboons\" of Asia and the cabbages used to deliver Netherlandish messages in the 2nd act of this work, in which a different character hides in a tortoise shell once he is convinced that the man he previously talked to might lie by him selling Venice to the Turks. Bonario and Celia eventually are saved by the protagonist, who is served by Androgyno and Castrone. Because Corvino has a wife Celia that interests him, Corbaccio and Voltore engage in dealing with the title character served by Mosca. For ten points, name this play in which the title foxy character tries weasel his way into wealth, written by Ben Jonson.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b672fc9983954b96963b829d4ff7d4d5",
            "input": "The spurning of Madame Hohlakov proves to have tragic effects. Near the end, most are entertained by Ippolit Kirillovitch's speech, while his opponent Fetyukovitch claims that Mitya has been attempting to repay Katerina Ivanovna and that the 3000 rubles never existed. A subplot involves the antipathy of Father Ferapont for Father Zossima and discussions include \"The Legend of the Grand Inquisitor. \"  The testimonies of Grigory and Grushenka prove damning as Smerdyakov had committed suicide without revealing the truth. FTP, name this Dostoevsky novel, featuring Alyosha, Ivan and Dmitri.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0513ba7909e04fe8a0e567dabddedae5",
            "input": "This god is similar to a Mayan deity of kingship known as God K. This god is called Tepeyollotl when he takes the form of the animal associated with him. The stars of the Great Bear constellation are the footprints left by this god as he tried to approach the polar star. In a ceremony dedicated to this deity, a young man would be treated like a god for one year and then sacrificed. During the creation of the world, this god ripped off the jaw of the monster Cipactli, whose body became the Earth, but not before that monster bit off his foot. This creator of the first dogs is married to Xilonen, the goddess of corn, and this god was depicted with black and orange stripes. He ruled the world of the first sun, but was overthrown and turned into a Jaguar. He is the god of the North and of obsidian and is sometimes nicknamed for the object in his chest. For ten points, name this Lord of the Smoking Mirror, the evil brother of Quetzalcoatl.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37d42df08f4048f5b36d57a73a74f605",
            "input": "According to Pausanias, one of this mans grandsons spends eternity weaving a rope that is constantly eaten by a donkey. That grandson of this man, Ocnus, also founded Mantua, which he named after his mother, this mans daughter, Manto. This son of Everes and Chariclo died after being struck by Apollos arrow while drinking at the spring Telphussa. One story claims that he was given the ability to understand birdsong in reparation for a curse hed received after stumbling upon Athena bathing. He received another punishment after hitting a mating pair of snakes with his staff, after which he was settled a bet between Zeus and Hera by stating that women enjoy sex more than men. For 10 points, name this figure who spent seven years as a woman, a blind prophet of Thebes.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37b3637cb497445fb6e68e8508afbb20",
            "input": "This artist once depicted an eagle eying a female figure who raises her hand to the beard of a god to protest her son's fate. In another of his works, a man has his left foot on a rock and points pensively to a winged figure. Those works are Jupiter and Thetis and Oedipus and the Sphynx. In a late work, this artist painted nude women surrounding a figure with her back turned that he had earlier shown in The (*) Valpincon Bather. A man presents a lyre to the title Greek poet, who is being crowned by a winged figure, in his The Apotheosis of Homer. In another of his works, the main figure holds a fan of peacock feathers as she lays on a divan gazing over her shoulder; that woman has an elongated back. For 10 points, name this painter of La Grande Odalisque.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e92aba04b92a4240808d9c1d72c47bcc",
            "input": "This city was legendarily founded by Queen Elissa after her exile from Tyre. After one defeat, its lands were sowed with salt to prevent it from rising again. Cato the Elder ended each of his speeches in the senate by demanding that this city be destroyed. This city's Magonid dynasty included several rulers named Hasdrubal and Hanno, and its leader Hamilcar was surpassed by a son who crossed the Alps with elephants. For 10 points, name this city led by Hannibal which rivaled Rome in the Punic Wars.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9547902ce6a48769b7b4485442318bf",
            "input": "Early in his career, this man took an epithet symbolized by three circlets forming a triangle. Anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov exhumed this man's corpse three days before the Nazis launched Operation Barbarossa, reflecting the supposed curse of his mausoleum Gur-e Amir. This man joined forces with his brother-in-law Husayn to defeat Ilyas Khoja, but then betrayed him and besieged him in Balkh. He later defeated Mahmud Tughluq and laid waste to Delhi in the Battle of Panipat. In his final expedition, he killed 20,000 inhabitants of Baghdad, en route to smashing Bayezid I before returning to his capital in present-day Uzbekistan. FTP, name this Turko-Mongol conqueror who ruled from Samarkand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1167c5225ab1418b8221193bde9afadd",
            "input": "This god was suckled by a male boar and seawater when he was born at the edge of the Nine  Worlds. In the Lokesenna,  Loki says that this god has a muddy back and this god is also said to be the palest of all the gods. The name Gullintanni refers to this god's golden teeth. This god fathered the  three (*) castes of man when he took the form of Rig. This god retrieves the Brisingamen for Freyja by transforming into a seal and defeating Loki. This god arrives at Baldr's funeral upon his horse Gulltopr  and he wields the sword Hofund. This god is the son of nine mothers and kills and is killed by Loki at  Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this Norse god that sounds his Gjallarhorn to signal Ragnarok, and is the  guardian of Bifrost.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0263196e8183400083253bc53acb3825",
            "input": "One composer from this country wrote a violin fantasy on the opera Carmen. One composer from this country dedicated a five-instrument concerto to Wanda Landowska and wrote the Atlantis cantata. One composer from this country wrote a difficult four-book piano suite opening with an A-minor evocation of this nation, and one symphonie set in this country was written by douard Lalo. This country was the setting of a ballet in which the miller and his wife trick a magistrate. Iberia and The Three-Cornered Hat were set in, for 10 points, what country, whose classical music was composed by Manuel de Falla",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-992d78020f56469cb06d59a3b3391784",
            "input": "This composer's chamber works include a single-movement piece in C minor usually known as the Quartettsatz, as well as a sonata in A minor for arpeggione and piano. His Rondo in A Major and Fantasy in F minor are major four-handed works for piano, and like Rachmaninoff he composed a set of four Moments musicaux for solo piano. \"Die Leiermann\" closes another work whose movements include \"Auf dem Flusse\" and \"Der Lindenbaum,\" and the song \"Die Forelle\" is the basis for one movement of a piece that substitutes a double bass for the usual second violin. For 10 points, name this composer of Die Winterreise, the Trout Quintet, and the Unfinished Symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0bdc9439eb01457cbad3d6671ac44200",
            "input": "The radiation per unit solid angle of a wave undergoing this process varies with the cosine of the angle between the line of sight and the perpendicular. Lambert's emission law applies to the directionally independent form of this process, in which a microscopically rough interface causes it to occur in many different angles in the \"diffuse\" type of this phenomenon. The \"specular\" variety of this process is modeled by a law which states that the angle of incidence equals this process's namesake angle. For 10 points, name this optical phenomenon in which a wavefront rebounds off of a surface, often facilitated by mirrors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0123b32265904d35b68936b0db356806",
            "input": "This artist painted a shield with a belly up frog emblazoned on it followed by the title figure in his version of Christ Carrying the Cross. He showed a sneaky man with his nose in the air stealing a purse from a character engaged in a demonstration involving two cups and metallic balls in The Conjuror. Another of his paintings includes calligraphic text announcing \"my name is Lubbert Das\" as a woman balances a book on her head and a man with a metal funnel hat completes the title action in The Extraction of the Stone of Madness. In another of his works a long yellow banner flies over a man who tries to cut a roasted bird off a mast and he painted a triptych in which a wagon loaded up with hay crushes some sinners. For 10 points name this painter of The Ship of Fools and The Haywain who painted a triptych in which debauchery involving giant food and animals in the central panel leads to the torture of the right panel, the Netherlandish artist of The Garden of Earthly Delights.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e50ce9b5ec54049b497fffe990a1a34",
            "input": "This ruler set up a system of authority and law in his namesake Capitulary. A biography of this ruler was written by Einhard. This ruler originally split lands with his brother Carloman after the death of his father, Pepin the Short. This man was unexpectedly crowned while kneeling to pray in St. Peter's Basilica on Christmas by Pope Leo III, becoming by that action \"\"Emperor of the Romans\"\" in the year 800. For 10 points, name this grandson of Charles Martel and Carolingian ruler who greatly expanded the Frankish empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-83ff4d19088f49ca81c8cbee6a6562f8",
            "input": "This country's paluumuuto law has allowed for the repatriation of Ingrians to this nation since the early 1990s. One president of this country was re-elected after his opponent, Honka, withdrew following the \"Note Crisis\", which was prompted by pressure from the Soviet Union, with whom this country signed the YYA Treaty. An earlier agreement with the Soviets saw this nation lease Porkkala as a military base, thus eliminating Russia's need for this nation's Hanko Peninsula. Prior to leading this country through the Lapland War, Carl Mannerheim negotiated that agreement, the Moscow Armistice. The Winter War was fought between the USSR and, for 10 points, what Scandinavian country with capital at Helsinki.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c762d02432f84e738d1d8ed003fc7c25",
            "input": "This was the birthplace of the traveling philosopher Altheides. The last and perhaps most famous person to hold the title of queen of this place was Catherine Cornaro, as the wife of James the Bastard. Another key figure in the history of this place took the name Dighenis. Its independence was ensured by the Zurich and London Agreement and its first vice president became Dr. Fazil Kucuk. The EOKA movement was led here by George Grivas and promoted the notion of enosis, and a 1974 coup here by Sampson overthrew the rule of Makarios III. After the capture of Famagusta in 1571, it was transferred to Ottoman rule from its former status as a Crusader state. FTP, name this Mediterranean island disputed between Greece and Turkey.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-362701e7380d4929a9ffc6d2d787e481",
            "input": "This composer wrote an opera based on a Henrik Hertz play named Iolanta. Another of his operas features a \"Letter aria\" and centers on the daughters of Madame Larina. His final completed symphony references the Orthodox requiem and includes a limping waltz in 5/4. A more famous composition by this composer of Symphony (*) Pathetique ends with the hymn \"God Save the Tsar\" after suppressing the anthem \"La Marseillaise,\" which represents Napoleon's attack on Russia. For ten points, name this Russian composer who showed the death of Lensky in his opera Eugene Onegin and used cannon fire in his 1812 Overture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c761400e07b14154b42b5add893db9b5",
            "input": "In one of this composer's works, an allegro vivo theme represents a green coat and red shoes being made on a poplar branch. This composer wrote an opera about the exiled Bohu, who returns to his father in Paris, called The Jacobin, as well as symphonic variations on \"The Fiddler. \" This composer's piano music includes two sets of Silhouettes and a cycle of Humoresques, and he composed a widely performed cello concerto in B minor. This composer's fourth piano trio is known as \"Dumky,\" and he incorporated the spiritual \"Goin' Home\" in a symphony that used the pentatonic scale and snap rhythms to represent Native Americans. For 10 points, name the composer of the American string quartet the symphony From the New World.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f790e6a7d3346f4b8fee439737450c2",
            "input": "Two of them are depicted with a canopy of snake-hoods overhead; in one case, the snake-hoods represent shelter given by Dharana against attacks from the rain or from stones. That one had earlier saved the lives of two snakes who were being burnt alive unwittingly by a sage practicing the pancagni-tapa ritual and is usually shown with attendants called yaksa and yaksi. Depictions of these figures in one (*) sect are generally nude. Vasupujya and three others were the only ones not delivered at Sameta Sikhara; those three were also the only ones to attain moksha while seated in lotus position. Among those three is Mahavira, the last. For 10 points, identify these figures who achieve enlightenment through ascetic practices then impart their knowledge to others, the teachers of Jainism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b8ca395bae34cbfaf397c4991d3c06f",
            "input": "In one poem, this man recalls seeing a \"witches' broth\" of \"assorted characters of death and blight/mixed ready to begin the morning right.\" Another of this man's poems, titled after a line from Macbeth, sees a young child fatally injured when a saw \"leaped out at the boy's hand.\" This author of \"Out, Out--\" and (*) \"Design\" notes that \"one could do worse than be a swinger of\" the title trees in \"Birches.\" He criticizes a man who claims that \"good fences make good neighbors\" in \"Mending Wall.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening\" and \"The Road not Taken.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3d3e6b7122a4f04930b545d03f2ae3b",
            "input": "Posttranscriptional insertions and deletions of uridine residues occur in these structures in trypanosomes. These structures are adversely affected in Barth syndrome due to a defect in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin. Other diseases associated with them include Friedreich's ataxia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Damage to them results in the formation of a permeability transition pore and can trigger (*) apoptosis through the release of cytochrome c. They may contain thermogenin when found in brown fat, and they contain the malate shuttle, which regenerates NADH inside them. FTP name these organelles that contain F0F1 ATP synthase and that are the sites of the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain, generating energy for the cell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13282b28a1204ffbb99dbc995b843b90",
            "input": "The switchboard operator Madelaine argues with her husband about how to get rid of a constantly growing corpse in the next room in this authors playAmde. The title character lures people to their death by offering to show them a picture of the colonel in hisThe Killer. The Orator is a deaf mute who is left alone after the Old Man and Old Woman jump out windows in this author's playThe Chairs.This author used the recurring character of Berenger inExit the Kingand a play in which Berenger's girlfriend Daisy and the rest of the world transform into the title horned animals. For 10 points, name this Romanian-French playwright whose absurdist works includeThe Bald SopranoandRhinoceros. ",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5ca14df9e1314aed95bd1ccf3221bdc0",
            "input": "One of its symbols is the Ringstone, a diagram of arcs inscribed in a nine-pointed star. Its holiest site is in Akko, Israel, the Qibilh, while its most important tablet is in the shape of a pentacle. All those between the ages of 15 and 70 must fast for 19 days, and 19 features prominently in of its festivals, the Nineteen Days Feasts, as well as its calendar of 19 months and 19 days. Its guiding principle is the belief that all the worlds prophets have been manifestations of the same divine being. Nearly 5 percent of Belize adheres to it though India has the largest number of followers. In Iran, it is seen as a heresy to Islam, and one of its founders is honored on July 9, the date he was executed on in 1850. FTP, name this religion that the Bab and Bahaullah founded.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce3c94bb3cce4a098e6347ba15b9b9d3",
            "input": "This event makes use of a garment consisting of two sheets of unhemmed white cloth known as the ihram. One rite during this event is performed from Jamaraat Bridge. The Tawaf ritual during this event is centered on an object covered with the kiswah, and during this event its performers descend Mt. Arafat to celebrate Eid al-Adha. When not performed during Dhu al-Hijjah, this event is known as an Umrah. During this event, people drink from the Well of Zamzam, perform the stoning of the devil, and walk around the Ka'aba seven times. FTP, name this pillar of Islam, a pilgrimage to Mecca.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa0f557842cb44b192e83a9f9b15b6f8",
            "input": "This character exchanges her first vows of love at St. Margaret's Festival, and one of this character's friends is killed by Bentein after Bentein sexually harasses this character. This character's brother-in-law is killed after having his arm slashed mediating a bar fight, and she dies along with two of her seven sons after entering a convent. This character's husband is forced to forfeit all of his lands for his part in a conspiracy to overthrow the child king (*) Magnus VII, and she first meets the witch-wife Lady Aashild when she is called upon to help raise her crippled sister Ulvhild. After rejecting her betrothed Simon Andresson, this character, who ultimately contracts the Black Death, marries her true love Erlend Nikulausson, whom she moves with to Husaby. Appearing in The Bridal Wreath, The Wife, and The Cross, for 10 points, name this title character of a trilogy by Sigrid Undset.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33fa95b48769458d93689645eff08d8d",
            "input": "Drugs used to treat this disease include memantine and rivastigmine. One cause of this disease is the accumulation of proteins cleaved by beta-secretase rather than alpha-secretase. Those proteins are pathologic A-beta-forty-two, which form amyloid plaques in the \"\"early onset\"\" form of this disease. For 10 points, name this disease that causes progressive dementia.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6bf5817643e0431bb29441400e0a5cad",
            "input": "This god became identified with the chief god of Kuaru, named Asarluhi, and he was said to be crowned with the halos of ten gods. He sent Imhullu to shake up one opponent, whom he trapped by stationing the four winds, and was born with four eyes and four ears. He is also referred to as Asaru, controller of water levels, as well as Namru, though he has fifty names in total, and his possessions include a magic net given by Anu. His son Nabu was born by his consort Sarpanitu, and in his most famous role he stole the Tablets of Destiny from Kingu, from whose blood he created mankind. FTP, name this god who in the Enuma Elish creates the world after slaying Tiamat, the chief god of Babylon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7ee91d46a0d46cda0d31bc51bb8608a",
            "input": "This painter's style was often compared to that of his lifelong friend Charles Burchfield. He showed a door opening directly onto the ocean in his de Chirico-like painting Rooms by the Sea. One painting by this artist shows a woman in a blue dress rummaging through a cabinet and looking at a man sitting at a desk as a dropped paper lingers between them. This artist showed a barber pole and a fire hydrant casting long shadows in another painting. He showed a woman sitting down to dinner with her doppelganger in Chop Suey. For 10 points, name this American painter of Early Sunday Morning who gave free advertising to five-cent Phillies cigars in his Nighthawks.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92a1807787b240d59cb15e2f95b63f9b",
            "input": "The title of this writers novel Pinball, 1973 was a play on a title by Kenzaburo Oe and it introduced J, a bar owner who also appeared in A Wild Sheep Chase and Dance, Dance, Dance. He was himself the owner of a jazz bar called Peter Cat, but the most important character in his early novels was called Rat. In the 1980s, he wrote Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World and Norwegian Wood, but he is more famous for a novel about a lazy man named Toru Okada whose cat disappears. For ten points, identify this Japanese author of Kafka on the Shore and The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d288f3900944e8cb5622981531b5d7d",
            "input": "Features of this piece of music, such as the use of the xylophone, the harp, softly played snare drum, and violins whose strings are plucked pizzicato-style in the beginning are not always obvious in hearing. Its main theme, consisting of two parts, is repeated throughout as it spreads from the woodwinds to the whole orchestra, and its steady gain in volume and tempo has often led to its use as background music for lovemaking, the use to which a Marvin Hamlisch-arranged version of it was famously put in the film 10!. FTP, name this 1928 composition, the most famous of Maurice Ravel.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b22c839427674620932fbaaeee4c07f1",
            "input": "As Secretary of State, he sent a paperweight in the shape of a plowshare to everyone with whom he negotiated a treaty. His \"thirty treaties\" were discussed in his \"A Message from Bethlehem,\" in an attempt to end war for all time. His opposition in a presidential election printed notes with his face and the phrase \"In God we Trust . . . for the other 53 cents. \" This politician's platform, however, as expressed in his 1896 convention speech got him the nomination to go against the Republican candidate, with running mates Thomas Watson and Arthur Sewall. For 10 points, name this orator who was the Democratic and Progressive candidate for the 1896 election and famously railed against a \"cross of gold\".",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96d984ddc66b489b84cd8fa2dc443dd3",
            "input": "Other titles which were considered for this play included A Period of Grace and The Inside of His Head. It opens with a melody played on the flute, reminiscent of \"grass and trees and the horizon. \" The main character of this play opines that \"you can't eat the orange and throw the peel away,\" adding that \"a man is not a piece of fruit. \" He also regrets not going to Alaska with Ben, who became rich mining diamonds in Africa. This play ends with a Requiem in which Linda repeatedly says \"We're free\" her husband's funeral and is carried away by her son Biff. For 10 points, name this play about Willy Loman by Arthur Miller.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c73bebb1cf145dcaa576b12a8df5430",
            "input": "This author warned \"New Presbyter is but Old Priest writ large\" in a sonnet criticizing the \"New Forcers of Conscience. \" He wrote Alas, how soon our sin / Sore doth begin / His infancy to seize in a poem about Christs circumcision, and asked lambs to Go home unfed in his lament for the death of Charles Diodati, Epitaphium Daimonis. The infant Jesus causes the Oracles to fall silent and forces pagan gods to troop to thinfernal jail in his poem On the Morning of Christs Nativity, while he wrote They also serve who only stand and wait in a sonnet considering how his light is spent. FTP, name this English poet of Samson Agonistes best known for Paradise Lost.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-866bea444b0144b8bbcaae3af8eb3900",
            "input": "This work's third and second stanzas describe a \"moping owl\" that complains to the moon and a beetle that \"wheels his droning flight. \" Its fifteenth stanza makes a reference to John Hampden, as well as a \"Cromwell guiltless of his country's blood. \" The last section of this work describes a character who \"gave to Misery all he had, a tear. \" Earlier, the speaker sees a plowman who \"homeward plods his (*) weary way, / And leaves the world to darkness and to me. \" For 10 points, name this work that teaches \"the paths of glory lead but to the grave\" and opens as \"The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,\" an exemplar of graveyard poetry by Thomas Gray.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24df20cd430e4df4afdbf3e84cb26b11",
            "input": "This author critiqued Berthold Brecht in Men in Dark Times. \"On Violence\" and \"Lying in Politics\" were some of this author's posthumous essays in Crises of the Republic. This thinker postulated that the social realm had diverged from the public and private realms following Roman times in a work describing work, labor, and action as the vita activa, while another work begins by eschewing the need to philosophically \"understand\" the title entity as anything but the \"most radical denial of freedom. \" The author of The Human Condition, for 10 points, name coiner of the term \"banality of evil\" in Eichmann in Jerusalem who authored The Origins of Totalitarianism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23cc992c506649cbab5a88fc85a888e0",
            "input": "The ranges of the floor and ceiling functions are both equal to this set. The continuum hypothesis states that there is no set with a cardinality between those of the real numbers and this set. A complex number is Gaussian if its a and b components are both this type of number. The (*) rational numbers can be written as a fraction of two numbers from this set. For 10 points, name this set of numbers that includes the natural numbers, their negative counterparts, and zero.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-294e60e96e9d4adb9771151c9c474513",
            "input": "The existence of this property can be predicted using the Stoner criterion, and a material with this property changes under torsion according to the Matteucci effect. One model of this phenomenon was solved in two dimensions by Lars Onsanger and was generalized by Potts. One process in materials with this property occurs in many small discontinuous steps, and results in Barkhausen noise. This property occurs below the Curie point, and materials displaying it have a high positive susceptibility, and often retain their magnetization in the absence of an external magnetic field, which is known as hysteresis. FTP name this type of magnetism possessed by cobalt and nickel, as well as iron, its namesake.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35b1b4ae6fac46b287c94bf7306e5de6",
            "input": "In one of this author's novels, the Factory employs Semiotecs, which oppose the System's Calcutecs. In this author's most recent novel, a protagonist's decision to use an emergency escape to avoid a traffic jam alters the nature of reality. This author Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World and 1Q84 [One-Q-Eighty-Four] wrote about a Beethoven-obsessed trucker who befriends Nakata, who can talk to cats. A runaway cat sets into motion the plot of another of his novels, in which Toru Okada pursues his wife, Kumiko. For 10 points, name this contemporary Japanese author of Kafka on the Shore and The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc0468f9c93d409c8e36fa9ed1a4f24f",
            "input": "On the night of June 3, 1943, eleven sailors on shore leave stated that they were attacked by a group of Mexicans, and in response, a group of over 200 uniformed sailors chartered 20 cabs and charged into the heart of the Mexican American community in East Los Angeles, intent on mayhem. The specific objects of  their rage were any person wearing a style of clothing associated with Mexicans and criminal behavior, and this violence continued over several days until the Navy intervened put a stop to it. Such are the actual, rather unpleasant events known by, for 10 points, what name, also the title of a song by the Cherry Poppin' Daddies",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2e004174be149c0b9568a1ea3cb2096",
            "input": "The Hoecht stain binds to the minor groove of this molecule, forming G-quadruplexes. The ratio of nitrogen isotopes in this molecule, which exists in A, B, and Z forms, was measured in the Meselson-Stahl experiment to give evidence for its semiconservative replication. It winds around proteins called histones, and Okazaki fragments are formed when its namesake enzyme travels from the 5-prime to 3-prime direction of this molecule adding nucleotides. For 10 points, name this molecule that carries the genetic information of living organisms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f848a09ac6544381aeaf42fde1550fb4",
            "input": "Among his sacred works are three early settings of the Regina Coeli, as well as a work that features the soprano solo \"Laudate Dominum,\" his Vesperae solennes de confessore. Two soprano soloists duet in the \"Domine\" movement of another sacred piece that also features three prominent subito piani in its \"Qui tollis\" movement and the soprano solos \"Laudamus te\" and \"Et incarnatus est. \" His most famous sacred work, in which the four soloists sing together in the \"Recordare\" and \"Tuba mirum,\" also features a famous \"Lacrimosa\" and was completed by his student Franz Xaver Sssmayr. FTP, identify this composer of the \"Great\" Mass in C minor, along with Don Giovanni and Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2fbfc8725464adfbf1dd015410733a3",
            "input": "It was exacerbated by the death of a Mrs. Sherwood and was preceded by Miles Irving arresting two vocal nationalists, Drs. Kitchloo and Satyapal. Partly caused by the reshuffling of domestic politics after the end of the war codified by the Black or Rowlatt Acts, it only took about fifteen minutes but was more deadly since there were no easy avenues to escape. Taking place in the Garden or Jallianwallah Bagh, it saw the death of more than four hundred Hindus. FTP, identify this event that saw the British General Dyer fire into an unarmed crowd in 1919 in the namesake capital of the Sikhs.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e7be3ad09d74c12bea9c78760ace334",
            "input": "When Charles Griffes died, he was working on a festival drama based on writings by this author. William Henry Bell titled his C minor symphony with this man's name, which also names an unfinished choral symphony by Granville Bantock. Charles Stanford's Elegiac Ode is based on this man's work, as is George Crumb's song-cycle Apparition  and a 1983 cantata by Ned Rorem. An 1899 overture by Gustav Holst is named for this man, and Holst also based his \"Ode to Death\" and \"The Mystic Trumpeter\" on this man's poetry. Such works as Dona Nobis Pacem and the Sea Symphony by Ralph Vaughan Williams are also based on his writing. FTP, name this American poet whose elegy for a president was set to music by Paul Hindemith.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2bc7652a4cf34015b9acac3b8c5f604c",
            "input": "This author wrote a story in which the narrator loses his only promising student Sister Irma after getting a teaching job at an art school by falsifying his resume, which claims Picasso was a close friend. In one story a child genius discusses the meaning of life with Nicholson before he is pushed into an empty swimming pool, while he wrote another work in which boys in the Comanche Club are led by \"The Chief\" who tells them a prolonged story about the title figure. This author included the stories \"Teddy\" and \"The Laughing Man\" in a collection that also contains a work in which Sybil Carpenter has a conversation on the beach with Seymour Glass before he commits suicide titled \"A Perfect Day for Bananafish\". For 10 points, name this author of Nine Stories who wrote about Phoebe and Holden Caufield in The Catcher in the Rye.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3bf41beb4a7d4cc497fb829180068728",
            "input": "This island nation claims sovereignty over nearby Mayotte, but like the other islands used to be, Mayotte is a French dependency. Since they broke away from French rule, the names of the three islands in this group have changed as well, with Anjouan becoming Nzwani, and Moheli becoming Mwali. FTP, identify this island nation at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel whose capital, Moroni, rests on the island of Njazidja.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d09324f9a1bf4f17a2a1fe049177bc34",
            "input": "This man concluded that the visions of Emmanuel Swedeborg were not the result of psychic ability in Dreams of a Spirit Seer. Michael Foucault did his doctoral thesis on this thinker's Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, while Friedrich Nietzsche called this philosopher a \"fatal spider\" in The Antichrist. He praises Frederick the Great and says \"man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity\" is the titular resolution in his (*) An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment He wrote about the \"thing-in-itself\" in another work. For 10 points, identify this author of Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics and Critique of Pure Reason.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d5385b028f36461980ee94cd259ef04c",
            "input": "The Ruzicka cyclization reaction can be used to produce cyclic versions of these compounds, and the Fries rearrangement converts a phenyl ester to a hydroxyl aryl version of these compounds. Methyl varieties of these and a related type of compounds can be detected using the haloform test, and they exhibit tautomerism with enols. These compounds are reduced to tertiary alcohols, and they do not form a silver mirror in the presence of the Tollens reagent, unlike the similar aldehydes. For 10 points, identify this class of compounds which contains two alkyl groups bound to a carbonyl atom, and whose best known member is acetone.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d050374a849e4820b3c2e9f11bc10b3a",
            "input": "This man, the drummer Elvin Jones, the bassist Jimmy Garrison, and the pianist McCoy Tyner formed the Classic Quartet. The bassist Paul Chambers inspired this musician's song \"Mr. P.C.\" Chromatic thirds are used in this musician's namesake \"changes,\" and he recorded a four-part (*) spiritual suite that includes the tracks \"Psalm\" and \"Acknowledgement.\" One of this artist's albums contains the songs \"Naima\" and \"Countdown,\" while another is titled after a song from The Sound of Music. For 10 points, name this musician behind the albums My Favorite Things, Giant Steps, and A Love Supreme, a tenor saxophonist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d4a77c31787e4868b57451d00bc00a3a",
            "input": "Two of the delegates at the negotiations leading to this treaty were nicknamed the \"\"Heavenly Twins. \"\" An eight point plan failed to be presented by Ho Chi Minh during the negotiations of this treaty. Article 231 of this treaty is commonly known as the \"\"War Guilt Clause. \"\" It was the result of a conference attended by diplomats such as Georges Clemenceau and David Lloyd George. This treaty saw Alsace and Lorraine returned to France and Germany forced to pay war reparations. For 10 points, name this treaty signed in 1919 in France at the end of World War I.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07329c19b95e42739082a2cc72829bcc",
            "input": "The victors had lost about a third of their men during the 260 mile march, mirrored by the enemy, leading up to this battle. The losing commander's effectiveness was limited by the rise of the Burgundian faction, which robbed him of credibility with his cavalry, and the specific forces credited with victory were actually just as critical when hacking with primitive clubs and hatchets. Notable moments included the rescue of Humphrey his brother, the victorious commaner, and a third and final charge by Marle and Fauquembergues, blunted due to the use of palings, a strategy not implemented at Crecy or Poitiers. Leading to the Treaty of Troyes, FTP, identify this defeat for the forces of Charles VI under D'albret, a major victory for Henry V's longbowmen in the Hundred Years' War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb70d6ae1b1f412a8d83773d20e370cd",
            "input": "artist was inspired to found a movement in his correspondences with Eva Watson-Schutze. In one exhibition of his work, he claimed \"I am an American. . . the search for truth is my obsession. \" He executed a series of abstract, subject-free works called Equivalents. One of his works shows a narrow gangway that separates an upper deck of men from a lower deck of women and children on a boat. This artist of The Steerage and founder of the journal Camera Work also depicted a certain woman holding her hands to her face and clutching a cattle skull in many photos. For 10 points, name this Photo Secession founder who took many pictures of his wife, Georgia O'Keeffe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8d591a022274477096f7a78b71726e89",
            "input": "These pieces were taken from the composers Opus 8 collection, which he named The Contest Between Harmony and Inventions. The composer noted that the viola part in the second movement of the first piece was imitating the bark of a dog, and in the sonnet that the composer wrote to accompany it, a goatherd sleeps in a meadow strewn with flowers. In the sonnet that accompanies the third piece, the composer describes the peasants celebration of the harvest, and the fourth sonnet mentions an icy snow. For 10 points, name this collection of violin concertos written by Antonio Vivaldi to represent different times of year.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1181c7d09fab4d63815d9c21da8816c3",
            "input": "Miyaoka falsely proved the Bogomolov-Miyaoka-Yau Inequality in 1988, which would have held this statement true for large exponents. Vandiver's criteria decides whether it is satisfied by an irregular prime, while Germain showed that it holds for odd prime \"p\" if \"2p + 1\" is prime. Ken Ribet showed that proof of the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture could prove it, and the replacement of elliptical curves by Galois representations was used by Andrew Wiles complete its proof in 1995. FTP, name this theorem which states that the sum of \"x to the nth power\" and \"y to the nth power\" has no integral solutions to equal \"z to the nth power\" for \"n\" greater than 2, the final theorem by its namesake Frenchman.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40ad69d777744879a00bbf34d2b1f818",
            "input": "The dancing variety, employed in the Reiser4 file system, delays optimization until a flush-to-disk command is issued. One variety of them, invented by Sleator and Tarjan, rearranges the entire structure without storing any bookkeeping work, and is known as the splay type, but it lacks the worst-case guarantee of O(log n) [big O of log n] run-time present in the AVL type. The B variety may have a variable number of keys, and the one named after Arne and Andersson is a specific case of the red-black variety, which employs a balancing algorithm that checks the color of each of its nodes. All children to the left of a root are less than those at the root in the binary-search type of, FTP, which type of data structure whose nodes at the bottommost level are called leaves",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6efa90120bba41cfb3b94900cd9b7d1f",
            "input": "This goddess turned Ascalabus in to a lizard when he mocked her for drinking an entire vessel of water. This goddess hid among the horses of King Onkios when fleeing from Poseidon, and advised Psyche to go beg Aphrodite for forgiveness. King Eleusis asked her to nurse his two sons, and she was interrupted by Metanira when turning Demophon immortal. She accidentally ate the shoulder of Pelops. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of grain and harvest, the mother of Persephone.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c119a1f78cef445cb69ce08b31110113",
            "input": "This composer created a ballet inspired by Nosferatu about a sorcerer who resurrects zombies solely for his own enjoyment. Another piece by this composer of Grohg has its melody derived from the song \"Bonyparte.\" The fourth movement of his third symphony is a reworking of another of his works for brass and percussion. Another of his works uses \"Camptown Races\" and features narration from the Gettysburg Address. This composer of \"Fanfare for the Common Man\" and Lincoln Portrait included the Shaker tune \"Simple Gifts\" in his most famous work, a ballet choreographed by Martha Graham. For 10 points, name this composer of Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37cddec2509d49c7916f8f7f2bea43ef",
            "input": "One movement in this piece is in 6/8 time and G sharp and is intended to depict a troubadour singing in front of an ancient castle. One movement of this piece depicts two French women fighting in a market in the titular city, Limoges, while another one depicts two children playing in a certain garden. Many movements of this piece are separated by promenades, while a more famous movement of this piece depicts a house suspended on chicken legs. In addition to The Tuleries Gardens, the most famous movement of this piece has its main theme interspersed with piano hymns twice, and is entitled The Great Gate at Kiev. For ten points, identify this suite of pieces inspired by Victor Hartmann, which was composed by Modest Mussorgsky.\r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad6ccf377cf0416394e9b16aea2b046e",
            "input": "Arms production in this rulers lands was greatly improved by the introduction of blast furnaces there by Louis de Geer, and he maintained a shaky alliance with John George of Saxony. This ruler ended wars with his neighbors through the treaties of Knared and Stolbovo, although he was constantly at war with his cousin, Sigismund III of Poland. Axel Oxenstierna served as this rulers chancellor, and this ruler defeated Count Tilly and Albrecht von Wallenstein in battles such as Breitenfeld and Lutzen. For 10 points, name this king, the father of Christina, who led Swedish forces in the Thirty Years War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2d1a2c8d567472aa3d8c1c7b8976612",
            "input": "As President, this man signed the Dingley Tariff. This man served as Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee during the so-called \"\"Billion Dollar Congress\"\". This man died after he attended the World's Fair in Buffalo and was shot by anarchist Leon Czolgosz. For 10 points, name this Ohioan who twice beat William Jennings Bryan and was President during the Spanish-American War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ecdb418ce00e4bfaaf2ab2ee0a99fe37",
            "input": "These phenomena are counted using the Wolf number, and butterfly diagrams show the concentration of these regions in latitude bands. Coronal loops and mass ejections generally originate from these regions. Though they are not eclipses, they possess an umbra and penumbra. These electromagnetic phenomena go through a variation cycle of about (*) 11 years. For 10 points, name these cooler areas on the Sun's photosphere that appear dark.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3921c0082f044b01ba2a5677f54b5141",
            "input": "One monarch of this name and regnal number was the son of Francis I and Maria Theresa, and brother of Joseph II and Marie Antoinette. The other was originally named Louis Philippe Marie Victor, was married to the Austrian princess Marie Henrietta, and financed Lord Henry Stanley's trip along the Congo River. FTP, give the common name shared by these kings, respectively an 18th century Holy Roman Emperor and 19th century Belgian monarch.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6db326fa13cf4c2c8a6f7253b560fc17",
            "input": "Thomas Nashe's Pierce Pennilesse included an allusion to Talbot, the hero of one of this author's lesser-known works. That work included the line \"O, tiger's heart wrapped in a woman's hide\" which was used in Groatsworth of Wit by Robert Greene, who criticized the author as an \"upstart crow beautified with our feathers. \" This critique was not unfounded, as the author later directly adapted Greene's Pandosto into work featuring Florizel, the prince of Bohemia. Florizel is in love with the daughter of the King of Siciliy whose maid's husband is the subject of the stage direction, \"Exit, pursued by a bear. \" FTP, name this Elizabethan playwright known for his prodigious output including Henry VI and The Winter's Tale.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7870d05242564000a97bf84309b8ce6b",
            "input": "This artist of The Bridge Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors, Even drew a mustache and goatee on a Mona Lisa in L.H.O.O.Q. His Nude Descending a Staircase, No.2 was compared to an \"explosion in a shingle factory.\" His series of readymades includes an overturned urinal inscribed \"R. Mutt.\" For 10 points, name this Dada artist of Fountain.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6db5e8ee2b354259b37a2fcdf9992d87",
            "input": "This man described a character who has an epitelioma near his mustache, and the Agazzi family watch the conflict between Signora Frolla and Signor Ponza over Signora Ponza's identity in another work. In addition to The Man With the Flower in His Mouth and Right you are! (If you think you are), he wrote about a guy who goes to Monte Carlo and is mistaken for being dead, The Late Mattea Pascal, and a work in which a man who falls off of a horse believes he is the title Holy Roman Emperor. Better known for a work featuring a Boy, Girl, Mother, Father, Stepdaughter, and Son, for 10 points, name this author of Enrico IV and Six Characters in Search of An Author.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-67996a8da7e34189921d8eb7afbdbd75",
            "input": "Under the ruler Water Mask, this polity suffered a severe defeat at the hands of the Tarascan empire, and a large portion of its agricultural production came from \"floating gardens.\" It had a system of universal education with commoners sent to the telpohcalli (tel-poch-CAL-li), and nobility to the calmecac (cal-ME-cac), and it often used the murder of its pochteca (poch-TE-ca) merchants as an excuse for war. Described at length in the Florentine Codex of Bernardino de Sahagun., the ruler of one of its three ruling cities, Fasting Coyote, was famed as a poet in the Nahuatl (NA-wa-tl) language. A series of defeats let to the poisoning of Tizoc, and to regain credibility with his vassals, his successor Ahuitzotl (a-WI-tzo-tl) sacrificed 80,000 captives during the re-dedication of one of the main temples. For 10 points, identify this empire last ruled by Mocteuczoma (mo-tequ-SO-ma) Xocoyotl (sho-CO-yo-tl) from its capital at Tenochtitlan.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-514e7dde93cc47e3a14daf39f8f71209",
            "input": "At one point in this work, the title character reveals his hope of spending his life alone, passing time drinking good coffee and reading the works of Homer. The protagonist works for a young prince after failing to enter the army. This occurs after he resigns the position secured for him by Wilhelm. After returning to Walheim, Albert's wife asks the protagonist to read Ossian to her. In a section entitled \"The Editor to the Reader,\" a neighbor reports the flash of two pistols brought to the protagonist by his servant. Ending with the title character's suicide due to his obsession with Charlotte, FTP name this Goethe novel.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf4d9238a0ed43c485d853ad0708c619",
            "input": "When the Butler-Volmer equation is used to describe the charge transfer reaction rate, this equation is used to describe the open circuit potential, except in the case of intercalation electrodes, for which it does not hold. One variant of this equation calculates membrane potential provided membrane permeability and ion concentration, the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. The change in Gibbs free energy is directly proportional to this equation, which is used to find a cells electric potential. For 10 points, identify this equation, named for a German chemist, which allows one to find either the electromotive force or standard electrode potential, provided the reaction quotient is known.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f8f14ed824a4b099727a2e3ccd6275d",
            "input": "A figure who was either the wife or daughter of this god wore a cheetah hide and assisted pharaohs with the cord-stretching ritual for appropriately laying the foundations of temples. One being sometimes said to have been a consort of this deity, Astennu, stood around the lake of fire in Duat with three similar beings. This father or husband of Seshat cheated the moon god Khonsu out of five days of light so that Nut could defy Ra's proscription and give birth to five deities. One of his alternate forms was the god of equilibrium, the baboon Aan. He also spoke the words that created the heavens and Earth at Ra's bidding, and helped Isis find the scattered parts of Osiris. For 10 points, identify this scribe of Ma'at who invented writing, the ibis-headed Egyptian god of Wisdom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54e73a892e2540b99c5c8d875c39f97c",
            "input": "One ridge feature on this body is the Slidr Sulci and a unique class of dark features here are guttae. Its\\n largest impact crater is Mazomba. This moon has a unique surface feature called \"cantaloupe terrain\",\\n which resembles a melon skin. Due to tidal heating, this moon is believed to have spent a billion years in a\\n liquid state. This moon's gravity is believed to cause disruption in the orbit of its neighbor, Nereid. Frozen\\n nitrogen is emitted by geysers on this moon, the most notable example of ice volcanoes. Because of its\\n retrograde orbit, this moon is believed to have been captured from the Kuiper Belt. For 10 points, name this\\n largest moon of Neptune.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50eb11183a994d5d8bf930d0bef17bb7",
            "input": "The protagonist of this work extols the virtue of dung to placate his mistress. At the beginning of this work, a doctor falls in love with his patient after medically examining her part by part through a hole in a sheet. The protagonist's life changes forever when he hides in his mother's laundry basket and spies her masturbating, causing a pajama cord to become lodged in his nose. Characters in this work include the protagonist's sister, the Brass Monkey, and Padma, to whom the entire story is told. This work features the rivalry between Shiva and the protagonist, who was born on August 15, 1947. FTP, name this work about Saleem Sinai by Salman Rushdie.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-02d72ac29c984d12b55a043b501a6fc2",
            "input": "She placed one of her sons in the heavens as the constellation Bootes, and she also turned Lyncus of Scythia into a lynx after he tried to kill her student Triptolemus. Her liaison with the titan Iasion in a thrice-plowed field resulted in the birth of Plutus. In one story, she disguises herself as the old woman Doso, and is taken in by King Celeus of Elusis. She plans to reward him by making his son Demophon immortal, but she was interrupted by Metanira when she was about to put him in a fire. She came upon this family while traveling the world searching for her kidnapped child. FTP, name this Greek agricultural goddess whose daughter Persephone was kidnapped by Hades.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a88c554d443453d8a7299e75eaf0013",
            "input": "These particles are found in muon, tau, and electron varieties, and their existence was originally proposed to maintain conservation of energy, momentum, and angular momentum in beta decay. These particles are affected by the weak force, and devices built to examine this particle must be very large because it is notably difficult to detect. (*) For 10 points, name this subatomic particle whose name suggests that it is smaller than a neutron.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21829cd4d9b14629a860bfbe9b245a22",
            "input": "The normal mechanism of the formation of these is altered in Chevrel and A15 phases. Generally, their constituents are not physically near each other, but are closely related in momentum space. A proposed method of splitting them is to send them through a carbon nanotube to form a Luttinger liquid. Evidence of their existence was supplied by the isotope effect, and the exchange of phonons results from their coupling. For 10 points -- name these groups that explain charge-carrier tunneling effects, paired electrons that form the basis of the BCS theory.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-edcc82f4a7864e2ebe265affef8e5d1d",
            "input": "One of this mans works begins with a cello theme that is usually drowned out in performances and supposedly depicts girls dancing at the Prater, while his third symphony includes a slow movement marked Poco allegretto. His String Quartet Number 1 was analyzed in Schoenbergs book (this man) the Progressive. His fourth symphony begins with alternating falling thirds and rising sixths in the violins, imitating that composers earlier Der Tod, das ist die Khlste Nacht, and the fourth movement of that symphony is a chaconne. The last movement of his first symphony, on the other hand, sounds so much like the Ode to Joy that it was nicknamed Beethovens Tenth. Also responsible for variations on themes of Haydn and Handel, for 10 points, name this German contemporary of Wagner who wrote A German Requiem and the Academic Festival Overture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f912afc41fc041fa9a7ebd27e225f085",
            "input": "The most important source for this man's life is Priscus, and the Battle of Nedao saw one his sons killed by Ardaric, who had earlier allied with this ruler as leader of the Gepids. His other allies included Valamir, leader of the Ostrogoths, and he planned to attack the Visigothic kingdom of Tolouse with Valentinian III. He succeeded his uncle Rua with his co-ruler and brother Bleda, and trouble started when Honoria sent this man an engagement ring and he demanded half the Western Roman Empire as a dowry. He was defeated by Theodoric I and Flavius Aetius at the Battle of Chalons. For 10 points, name this \"Scourge of God,\" the most famous leader of the Huns.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c93d7a7e1b8446bda09c406e3550b65d",
            "input": "adapted plays by Menander into Adelphi, Phormio, and The Eunuch. For 15 points, name this Roman comic playwright of The Mother-in-Law and The Self-Tormentor.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4eac0e2a1b7340a491f3e5b49ee27f04",
            "input": "In pigs, this peptides eighth amino acid residue is usually a lysine, but in humans, that residue is always arginine. Its receptors are blocked by tolvaptan, and it is sometimes inappropriately produced by small cell lung carcinomas. It is synthesized in the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus, and underproduction of or insensitivity to this hormone leads to diabetes insipidus. Its most important function sees it induce increased expression of aquaporin-2 in the collecting duct in the nephron, thus increasing blood volume. FTP, name this hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland that causes water retention in the kidney and decreases the volume of the urine.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eafc23bc7bdc4ded8d435aeba5777ab9",
            "input": "One work set in this country describes an affair between Alex Thomas and Iris Chase. In another work set in this country, a young orphan girl lives with Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert. Author Lucy Maud Montgomery hails from this country, which provides the setting for The Blind Assassin. Writers from this country include the authors of Dance of the Happy Shades, Life of Pi, The English Patient, and The Handmaid's Tale. For 10 points, name this country, the home of Alice Munro, Yann Martel, Michael Ondaatje and Margaret Atwood.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e3573b799a14ae79213d85dd34c0e36",
            "input": "In one of this authors novels, the chief suggests that a boy ritually murder his stepfather when he decides to retire from sailing. A restaurant owners attraction to an elderly conservative politician clashes with the radical beliefs of her husband in his novel After the Banquet, while anxiety over a planned mutiny leads to the suicide of Reiko and Takeyama Shinji in Patriotism. In his first novel, the student Kochan realizes he cannot marry Sonoko after a prostitute fails to arouse him, while the stuttering Mizoguchi sets fire to the title structure in The Temple of the Golden Pavilion. Best known for a series including Spring Snow, this is, FTP, what author of The Sea of Fertility",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52d2e6536972442d9ac15a18998187d1",
            "input": "This man's namesake boundary condition specifies both the value of a function on the boundary and the value of its derivative. His distribution does not have a defined mean or variance, and his integral formula is used to prove the (*) residue theorem. For 10 points name this French mathematician who, with Riemann, gives his name to a set of equations satisfied by analytic functions and lends his name to an inequality with Schwarz.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0b1de1b4cf5e4b57b3cbc889a636dd9b",
            "input": "During a festival held every 12 years by a sect of this religion, pilgrims anoint a 57 foot high statue of Bahubali with substances such as milk and flowers. This religion's most significant figure was born Prince Vardhamana but earned a new name after spending 12 years as an ascetic and achieving kevala, the highest stage of perception. One sect of this religion believes that women must be reincarnated as men before they can achieve moksha, or liberation. That sect, the Digambara, is contrasted with the Svetambara, in that the followers of the former do not wear clothes or own possessions. FTP, name this religion founded by Mahavira whose followers observe the strict doctrine of nonviolence ahimsa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7dedc2dfb73449c495dca8a361fa383c",
            "input": "Though the Buffalo Soldiers were formed in Kansas, much of their service was done at Fort Davis   and Fort Clark in this state. Part of its eastern border is formed by the Sabine River, and a region of  its southern border is called the Big Bend. The southernmost point of this state, the location of the   Battle of Resaca de la Palma, is the city of Brownsville. The town of Lubbock is just south of its  panhandle, which includes Amarillo [aa-muh-RIL-oh]. Its largest metropolitan area contains Plano,  Irving, and Fort Worth. Name this state that, in addition to Dallas, contains the city of San Antonio,  home of the Alamo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19f731526e0e486d9301bdbe61b0e777",
            "input": "A movement in one of these compositions simulates the call of a cuckoo, and in that same movement, a goldfinch and a turtledove can be heard singing. A repeated two-note figure in the viola provides an image of a barking dog in one of these works, each of these which was accompanied by a sonnet. These works were originally included in the collection The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this set of violin concertos by Antonio Vivaldi that includes Summer and Winter.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-253ab6d839f84961a01adced15f3ad65",
            "input": "One of two instrumental movements in this work is the Pifa, a sinfonia that depicts shepherds. This piece contains the duet \"O death, where is thy sting\", and a tenor sings \"ev'ry mountain and hill\" during the aria \"Ev'ry Valley Shall Be Exalted.\" This work's libretto was written by Charles Jennens, and its three parts depict the(*) Annunciation, the Passion, and Paul's teachings. King George II stood up for a section of this piece containing the lines \"For he shall reign for ever and ever.\" For 10 points, identify this oratorio by George Frideric Handel that includes the \"Hallelujah Chorus.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3218e5ccec2c4780a2097ca1aa7e7c99",
            "input": "Louis Pasteur studied the impact of this phenomenon on polarized light using tartrate crystals. Another example of this is observed by bombarding Azobenzene with certain photons. The topological type of this occurs in DNA molecules with different linking numbers. Historically important examples include dextrotartaric acid and levotartaric acid, as well as comparisons between silver cyanate and silver fulminate made by Friedrich Wohler [VOH-lur]. The type of this that impacts functional groups is cis/trans, which is a geometric form of this phenomenon. The chain and position types are structural forms. Name this phenomenon exhibited by different molecules with the same chemical formula.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4432eec5f20745c98f1e006deb58be25",
            "input": "One of his later works discusses a title character he claims to be the first to criticize God, while one of his earlier works is ascribed to Basilides of Alexandria. In addition to The Answer to Job and The Seven Sermons to the Dead, he wrote about his time in Africa in the autobiography Memories, Dreams, Reflections. He broke with Freud and outlined some of his most famous ideas in Psychological Types. He created the concept of archetypes, the anima and animus, and the terms \"introvert\" and \"extravert. \" FTP, name this Swiss psychologist who posited the collective unconscious.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0bb4e95ba4974714a36493e028b314b5",
            "input": "Japan's Chikyu Hakken is trying to reach this region, and n-waves travel along its upper boundary. Post-perovskite forms in the bottommost part of this region, the D double prime layer. P-waves slow down and S-waves disappear past the bottom of this region, and its top features a P-wave velocity jump from approximately seven to approximately eight kilometers per second. The low velocity zone of the asthenosphere is found in the upper part of this region. It is sandwiched between the Gutenburg discontinuity and the Moho, and this layer's namesake plumes form hotspots. For 10 points, name this layer of the earth between the crust and the core.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d97d154aa534dd499d35ae8f26a2f36",
            "input": "Count Khevenhuller, who had previously served at the Battles of San Pietro and Guastalla, was able to subdue the city of Munich in this conflict. Khevenhuller was also instrumental in defeating the French at Linz. One contemporaneous conflict of this war was Sweden's War of the Hats. This war included the last battle in which a (*) British monarch personally led an army, when George II defeated the duc du Noailles at Dettingen. It arose out of conflict between the Salic Law and the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713. For 10 points, identify this war that included an invasion of Silesia by Frederick the Great of Prussia and confirmed Maria Theresa's place on the throne.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-432ea3e3995340e8b174ca2873cd07ed",
            "input": "Voigt developed a set of tensor equations to describe the linear behavior of materials exhibiting this effect, and a rank-3 tensor with 18 coefficients is used to describe materials with this property. Titanate salts of barium and lead are used in microphones because they exhibit this property, and Langevin developed a submarine detector that relied on this effect. This effect occurs in materials lacking a centre of symmetry and has an inverse effect called electrostriction. It was first observed by the Curie brothers in their studies of Rochelle salts. For 10 points identify this effect which sees the production of current in response to the application of a mechanical stress.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-83e412c945f64e5d9c9bfef3e0808014",
            "input": "This work defines \"aeviternity\" as the mean between time and eternity, since aeviternal things have beginning and no end. It also claims that heavenly bodies are moved by immaterial beings called \"separate substances.\" This work separates concupiscible passions from irascible ones, sets out natural law as the mentally-innate part of eternal law, and puts forward three conditions for (*) just war. This document written in objection-contrary-response format cites many authorities, referring to Aristotle only as \"The Philosopher.\" Its quinquae viae, or Five Ways, prove God's existence. For 10 points, name this tome defending all of Christian doctrine, the masterwork of Saint Thomas Aquinas.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45c05f1485e040e9bec3702a168679a7",
            "input": "Elgar Howarth created a version of this piece for brass and percussion. One part of this work depicts women fighting and is titled \"The Great News,\" and another section depicts Schmuyle and Samuel Goldberg. A Polish cart driven by oxen is depicted in another section of this work, while a \"Hut on Fowl's Legs\" appears in another. \"Bydlo\" and \"Baba Yaga\" appear in this work along with \"The Catacombs,\" \"The Old Castle,\" and \"The Great Gate of Kiev. \" Its most popular version was orchestrated by Maurice Ravel. For 10 points, name this work with the \"Promenade\" theme, a suite of piano solos based on Victor Hartmann paintings, by Modest Mussorgsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbb9bbb22e814e7daa81a19acaf15c9c",
            "input": "One thinker formulated the Multiple Drafts Model to explain this phenomenon, while another philosopher, Joseph Levine, has proposed that our understanding of this phenomenon is limited by the \"explanatory gap\". Colin McGinn used the concept of cognitive closure to argue that this phenomenon will never be properly understood. Thomas Nagel opens his essay, \"What is it like to be a bat\" with the assertion that this phenomenon \"is what makes the mind-body problem really intractable\", while Daniel Dennett argued against the existence of a \"Cartesian Theater\", in a 1991 book about this phenomenon \"explained\". David Chalmers notably called explaining its subjective character the \"hard problem\" of this phenomenon. Philosophical zombies are held to lack, for 10 points, what attribute of minds, which equates to awareness",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe8016fae26a45b38277f1d49aed0fc4",
            "input": "He created the score for the opera The Creatures of Prometheus, and one of his symphonies was an answer to the Heiligenstadt Testament. After the fall of France, he composed the cantata The Glorious Moment, and an opera by this composer revolves around a wife who disguises herself as a boy to save her jailed husband. One of his works in C-sharp minor is subtitled Quasi una fantasia, and his last symphony contains the Ode to Joy. FTP, identify this German composer of the opera Fidelio as well as the Eroica Symphony and the Moonlight Sonata.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b092d4cf5e7545c79db6c1ea7e71c7d6",
            "input": "In one of this author's novels, people drown while trying to cross the Arabian Sea by foot. In another, Boonyi betrays the title character by having an affair with Max Ophuls. This author of Shalimar the Clown wrote a novel which sees Joseph D'Costa's lover Mary Pereira play a trick on Mumtaz, the daughter of (*) Aadam Aziz. In this man's most famous novel,  mountaineer Allie Cone is killed by Gibreel Farishta, who, like Saladin Chamcha, had survived a plane explosion over the English Channel. For ten points, identify this author who wrote about Saleem Sinai in Midnight's Children and earned a fatwa for The Satanic Verses.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f3717802a954d82aaed4ea96a886005",
            "input": "Rosalind and Perdita fall in love with Mr. Arthur Lloyd, before Rosalind is killed by a ghost in one work by this man, while Paul Munimet and the title character are revolutionaries in another work that sees Hyacnith Robinson commit suicide. This author of The Romance of Certain Old Clothes and The Princess Casamassima wrote about Adela Garth's theft of furniture from the title estate in one work, and Merton Densher attempts to woo Milly Theale though he loves Kate Croy in another work. In addition to The Spoils of Poynton and Wings of the Dove, this author wrote about Verena Tarrant's marriage to Basil Ransom in one work, and in another wrote about the wife of Gilbert Osmond, Isabel Archer. For 10 pointsname this author of The Bostonians and Portrait of a Lady.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bccba17222b44f80b9766449ebb27593",
            "input": "He had little success writing drama, as both The Candidate and The Castle of Hearts were summarily dismissed, but his recollection of travels with Maxime du Camp in the volume Over Strand and Field along with his letters, especially those to Louise Colet, make for compelling reading. His final, unfinished, work focused on two bungling copy clerks named Bouvard and Pecouchet, while other characters include Madame Arnoux who haunts Frederic Moreau, and, in a famed short story, the wife of Herod. Renowned for his rewriting of sentences to search for \"le mot juste. \" FTP identify this French novelist of The Temptation of St. Anthony, \"Un Coeur Simple,\" and Madame Bovary.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-827128fc0a054dcc8b9d554f82f5270f",
            "input": "McCoy Tyner played this instrument in Benny Golson's Jazztet. Another player of this instrument wrote songs like \"Wolverine Blues\" and \"Black Bottom Stomp\" and claimed to have invented jazz, and the composer of \"Lush Life\" played this instrument. One player of this instrument used by Billy Strayhorn and (*) Jelly Roll Morton recorded songs such as \"Pick Up Stix\" and \"Take Five\" in his album, Time Out. Another player of this instrument recorded \"Take the 'A' Train\" and \"It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)\" with his orchestra. Dave Brubeck and Duke Ellington played, for ten points, what keyboard instrument",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07db3f7737604878952fa233d74057ce",
            "input": "This ruler conquered the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan before fighting the Livonian War. An organization created by this ruler was headed by Malyuta Skuratov and perpetrated the Novgorod Massacre. This man used the Oprichniki to crush the power of the boyars. This man called the first [*] zemsky sobor parliament, and he supposedly blinded the architect of St. Basil's Cathedral. After this man killed his son Ivan Ivanovich, the mentally retarded Feodor I became his heir, leading to the Time of Troubles. For 10 points, name this first of the Rurik Tsars of Russia, known for his extreme cruelty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba306e0df4a343ffafb05eaa8739039b",
            "input": "One postulated type of this entity is known as the \"\"self-interacting\"\" type. The galaxy rotation problem is indirect evidence for its existence. It is grouped into the categories of hot, warm, and cold, based on the speed at which it travels. Proposed forms of it include massive astronomical compact halo objects and (*) weakly interacting massive particles, or MACHOs and WIMPs. For 10 points, name this hypothesized type of matter which accounts for 80% of the matter in the universe.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0f275c2ef1347349e1419c60e2d1e28",
            "input": "This state is highly mountainous, reaching its maximum height at Legge Tor. With the exception of its capital, the only other city of more than 50,000 people is Launceston. It includes many offshore islands, including the Hunter Islands and the islands of Flinders, King, Bruny, and Macquarie, the last of which is subantarctic. With its capital at Hobart, it is separated from the mainland by the Bass Strait. Originally known as Van Diemen's Land, FTP, what is this island state of Australia known for its indigenous \"devil\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7311ee358537420886f069f63dec1717",
            "input": "He claimed that \"common registering\" drives grades of consciousness, and argued for an externalist theory of knowledge in Philosophical Explanations. This author of Invariances later posited that (*) voluntary \"protection agencies\" turn into the minimalist \"night watchman\" in a response to a Harvard colleague. For 10 points who countered John Rawls with his Anarchy, State, and Utopia",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52f9157097c3418cbaba253cb6b5cfe8",
            "input": "Aplasia of this organ may occur in Digeorge syndrome, while tumors originating in this organ often occur in patients with myasthenia gravis. Capillaries in this organ have a barrier which is impervious to macromolecules, and it is the only other organ other than the brain, testes, and placenta to have one. A pyramidal organ with two fused lobes, it is derived most of the time from the third pharyngeal pouch and is often the site of ectopic parathyroid tissue. Located above the heart, deep to the sternum, and in front of the trachea, FTP name this ductless gland in which T cells migrating from the bone marrow mature, which notably atrophies after puberty and which makes a yummy treat as \"sweetbread. \"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44e07afd28b8478a8f14d8a806d56a11",
            "input": "During one invasion, this country transferred some of its possessions to an ally by the terms of the Kew Letters. During another war, patriotic maps of this country stressed its supposed resemblance to a lion. The Thorbecke Reforms weakened the power of the king in this country, which signed the Treaty of Nonsuch. Balthasar Gerard killed an early leader of this country, which during World War Two was ruled by the Austrian Nazi Arthur Seyss-Inquart; earlier, bands of poor soldiers from this country were known as \"the beggars\". One former province of this polity became independent by the terms of the London Convention of 1839. For ten points name this scene of Operation Market Garden, a country whose current monarch is Queen Beatrix, with capital at Amsterdam.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-032220da5001454abf15f681274d85be",
            "input": "The Curtin-Hammett principle states that product ratios are based on transition state ratios and not this conformation value. The rate constant is related to this value by the Brnsted relation and its temperature dependence is given by the (*) van't Hoff equation. It can be obtained from activities through the law of mass action. The natural logarithm of this value times the gas constant and temperature yields the standard Gibbs energy change of a reaction. For 10 points, name this constant that changes according to Le Chatelier's principle.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e32ed34219dc49cca31aad40ed9126fc",
            "input": "One protagonist in this novel spends a summer with the wife of Colonel Forster, and that character's aunt and uncle have the surname Gardiner. One character in this novel initially rejects a marriage proposal by Mr. Collins, while her sister is romanced by Mr. Bingley, and another romance in this novel is initiated by the master of Pemberley, Mr. Darcy. For 10 points, name this novel about the sisters of the Bennet family, one of whom is Elizabeth, by Jane Austen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53e04d4a1a4946b9b986f2c55683c0d7",
            "input": "An apocalyptic inscription in Greek appears at the top of this artist's Mystic Nativity, which is thought to have been influenced by Savonarola. Hermes can be seen reaching for some fruit in his painting depicting the nymph Chloris being kidnapped while the three Graces dance on the left side. In one of his best known works, a personification of wind blows on the titular figure, who stands on a (*) shell in the middle of the water. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance painter of Primavera and The Birth of Venus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71fe382bff074fa9895b1f647a442c54",
            "input": "In nature, this element is prevalent in gypsum and dolomite, as well as a namesake birefringent mineral that marks the 3 on Mohs hardness scale. Its presence in biological cells can lead to the formation of inositol tri-phosphate and di-acyl-glycerol, and its influx into axons causes release of neuro-transmitters. It is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells, where it aids contraction by binding to troponin. For 10 points, name this element that needs vitamin D to be absorbed, which joins with phosphate to form the mineral basis of bone and is symbolized Ca.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74063732ecb440fbbe673b0951e84e6d",
            "input": "The Fraunhofer lines of the Sun's electromagnetic spectrum contain a D-line, sometimes known as a \"\"doublet,\"\" produced by transitions in this element's family but traditionally named after this element. This metal is currently made using the Downs Cell. When it is used as a coolant in nuclear reactors, the radioactive 24 isotope of this element is formed. It produces a bright (*) yellow flame when heated. This is the second-lightest alkali metal after lithium. For 10 points, identify this metal whose chloride is table salt.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b94abbe67194338956ed0859f27ddb3",
            "input": "The term raised to the negative twelfth power in the Lennard-Jones potential accounts for this rule. White dwarfs exhibit electron degeneracy pressure, a factor limiting how much they can compress based on this rule. In general, this rule applies to half-spin particles called fermions meaning two particles can occupy the same region if and only if they have opposing spins. For 10 points, name this rule of quantum mechanics typically stated as no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bee5f873a44a4845be856989c1df41ca",
            "input": "Put a sample in a constant and in a varying magnetic field. The constant field couples with nuclear spin, forming new energy levels. The second field, usually radio waves, can have the frequency to excite transitions between the new states. A transition tells about the sample's composition-- usually, the presence of hydrogen and carbon-13. For ten points, name this type of spectroscopy, very similar to a medical scanning technique.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33c67d41448943639e993f9b02f96f90",
            "input": "Many leftist women in this country joined Black Sash societies to organize protests. One leader of this country authorized a letter bomb killing Ruth First, who wrote against this country's injustices from abroad. A Women's League in this country successfully argued for a quota in its majority party ensuring one-third female representation in its legislature. This country's journalist Helen Zille, who now leads its minority-party Democratic Alliance, broke a 1977 story detailing the beating and in-prison death of a prominent dissident. Women were exempted from its \"pass laws.\" For 10 points, name this nation whose leading women included Mamphela Ramphele, the lover of Steve Biko, and anti-racist activist Winnie Mandela, the wife of long-imprisoned Nelson.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-535677659d3347baa8ca148a5f0d312a",
            "input": "This man was in constant revolt against his father, having joined the Praguerie and conspired against his father's mistress Agnes Sorel. His own closest advisors included his former barber, Olivier Le Daim, Cardinal Balue and Tristan L'Hermite. He had no shortage of enemies even in his own country, as the comte de Dunois, the duke of Alencon, and Francis II, duke of Brittany, were at constant war with him and even pooled their resources with his greatest rival in a group called the League of the Public Weal. Abroad, he tolerated the presence of the exiled Henry VI and allied with him against Edward IV in the Wars of the Roses. FTP, name this son of Charles VII, the king of France from 1461 to 1483, whose frequent machinations earned him the nickname The Spider",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bac48c95440d4f9c8cf4dcda4c608c95",
            "input": "This poet noted that the gift of a kid goat will stain your ice-cold waters with crimson blood in a poem about the Bandusian fountain. One work of this author compares the title discipline to painting, and expresses annoyance at continuity errors in stating that even Homer nods. This author claimed that brave men lived before Agamemnon in one work. This writer also noted that Homer didnt begin his story with the double egg in a treatise which coined the phrase In Medias Res. This author also inspired a rebuttal from Wilfred Owen with his patriotic claim Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. For 10 points, name this Roman author of Ars Poetica and a series of Odes.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-375bbbb2353640b59fd3c4cd422517b3",
            "input": "He discussed the movie industry and advised the flood of young filmmakers coming to Hollywood to go back in his work Bambi vs Godzilla, while Don Dubrow, Teach Cole, and Bobby plot to steal a coin collection from Fletcher in this man's play American Buffalo. In another of this man's plays, Morton Gross and Lawrence Oberman are two attorneys who meet the inventor of the title device, Charles Lang. This author of The Water-Engine also wrote a play which consists of an argument between Bobby Gould and Charles Fox, and one about the theft of sales leads from a real estate agency by Dave Moss and Shelley Levene. For 10 pointsname this author of Speed-the-Plow and Glengarry Glen Ross.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19255138bf7049169cb3cf0a248f38aa",
            "input": "An argument trying to prevent this man from being persecuted for atheism also prevented his taking a post at an institution where he wrote the essay Of Superstition and Religion. Better known works of his include the essay On the Immortality of the Soul, On Suicide, and a work in which Cleanthes, Demea, and Philo debate the validity of the ontological argument. For 10 points, name this author of Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, a Scottish empiricist best known for An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b1046294b824e829e2bbca80ad6c928",
            "input": "This author wrote a play in which a man starts a fight over another man having beaten his sister, but the fight is interrupted by a character who gets on top of a stove and starts yawning; that character had earlier declared that \"all are equal\" after another man stated, \"We're all of us... nothing but the bare naked man.\"  This author created a character who fasts for eight days in prison after being insulted in jail and participates in banned-book-reading sessions in Pavel's house that eventually lead to Pavel's arrest, which saddens (*) Pelegaya. This author wrote a play in which the Actor hangs himself after spending some time in Vassilissa and Kostilyoff's house with a thief, a gambler, and Luka. This author of The Mother used the socialist-realist style of literature in a work about a poor house. For 10 points, name this Russian author of The Lower Depths.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6fdd3cc144f340cfad5ee4606b6c1508",
            "input": "In 1953 he founded his country's Liberal Party, which was banned in 1968 by the Prohibition of Political Interference Bill. His lesser-known works include a study of his friends Jan Hofmeyr and the archbishop Geoffery Clayton, For Your Departed. He published a book of short stories, Tales from a Troubled Land, and a novel containing real life characters like Albert Lutuli entitled Ah, But your Land if Beautiful. However, neither those works, nor his second novel about Peter van Vlaanderen, Too Late the Phalarope, could match the popularity of his first work. FTP, name this South African novelist, who wrote of the preacher Stephen Kumalo in Cry, the Beloved Country.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f9936595f06d4dd3ad012348899dc032",
            "input": "The armies met near Glebe Farm and Ambien Hill Farm, about a mile to the west of Sutton Cheney. After Lord Stanley and his uncle were convinced to desert by the Duke of Richmond, the battle was effectively over, and it ended with the deaths of Lord Ferrers, the Duke of Norfolk, and the king. FTP, identify this battle, fought in Yorkshire on August 22, 1485, which ended the Wars of the Roses as the future king Henry VII defeated Richard III.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca0bbc1988d14ef3be534e8cef48026f",
            "input": "The secondary type of this tissue is produced on the adaxial side of the vascular cambium, whereas the primary type of this tissue is located closest to the pith. Tracheids and vessel elements make up this tissue, and one mechanism for its function involves the evaporation of water at the mesophyll cells in leaves and the resulting pressure at roots called transpirational pull, which allows water and minerals to travel through the plant. For 10 points, identify this type of vascular tissue in plants that is complemented by the phloem.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ef6c4f5c09f4c0797588588b93f6a99",
            "input": "This man noted that the Platonic solids could be uniquely inscribed in a sphere, and nested them in his model of the Solar System. This man's Mysterium Cosmographicum was the first published defense of the heliocentric system. One (*) law formulated by this man relates the square of an object's orbital period to the cube of its semimajor axis, and he also hypothesized that the sun was one focus of an ellipse. The second of his namesake laws states that planets orbiting the sun sweep out the same area in the same amount of time due to the conservation of angular momentum. For ten points, name this German astronomer and assistant to Tycho Brahe who formulated three laws of planetary motion.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3f8c230581d45f09715089ff05d5083",
            "input": "Dysbindin and neuregulin are the two genes currently most strongly linked with it, while a recent study by Torrey and Yolken suggest that it may be caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The main character of a Peter Handke novel is based on a study of this condition which focused on apophenia. The validity of diagnoses of it was famously called into question by the Rosenhan experiment. fMRI analyses have backed up the successes of cognitive remediation therapy in dealing with this disorder, which is most commonly thought to be caused by an overabundance of dopamine. FTP, name this psychiatric disorder which comes in disorganized, catatonic, and paranoid varieties.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b38e4d4dcb4d4480871bf29e22c5e898",
            "input": "During much of his life, he slept on straw and ate little but beef, priding himself on a narrow, passionless rationality, which he sought to impose on the various Hapsburg domains. Although he abolished serfdom and issued a Toleration Patent to urge freedom of worship among Lutherans, Calvinists, and the Greek Orthodox, his taxes on the nobility were so strongly opposed that after his death his brother Leopold II immediately repealed them. FTP, name this son of Maria Theresa, who ruled from 1780 to 1790 and is considered the most enlightened monarch of Austria.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0b4d6b3b8974b148c42854aac7c86f9",
            "input": "At one point in this work a group is trapped by a rock near Glenn's Falls due to the theft of the boat containing their ammunition. One member of that group later sings wantonly to convince his enemies that he's mad, which allows him to participate in a rescue mission involving a fake French doctor. A letter from Webb precipitates a long march during which the former occupants of a nearby fort are massacred, after which the garrison commander's daughter is carried off despite the best efforts of David Gamut. The chase leads the novel's protagonists to a Delaware camp, which is the site of an altercation with the Hurons at which Cora Munro dies and Magua kills Uncas, the son of Chingachgook. FTP name this second of James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales, in which Hawkeye vows to remain with the title Native American.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a0fc0ef250e495a82be8b82e5fce63a",
            "input": "This text is often paired with the Testimonies of Three Witnesses and Eight Witnesses. One section of this work centers on a group of people whose rulers included Coriantumr and Jared. Its first section details a man who receives a \"ball of curious workmanship\" after he and his father receive the \"Tree of Life\" vision. In addition to the books of Ether and Nephi, it describes the colonization of the Americas by the descendents of Lehi, and it contains an account of Jesus Christ's visit to the Americas after his death and resurrection. Originally inscribed in \"Reformed Egyptian\" on gold plates and translated by Joseph Smith, for 10 points, name this founding text of a Utah-based religion.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51002ec7512c46a6af0b952bec468cd9",
            "input": "They normally have association energies between -12 and -40 kilojoules per mole. The bifurcated type occurs when each donor interacts with two acceptors and vice versa. They tend to be linear, with the donor group pointing along the acceptor's lone pair orbital, though deviations often occur, particularly within the secondary structure of proteins. With approximately 10% covalent character, they are predominantly electrostatic interactions between electronegative atoms, such as fluorine, nitrogen, or oxygen, and their namesake. FTP name these bonds that explain the unusual physical characteristics of water, named for the presence of the first element on the periodic table.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b1a4839f32e4d30affbe5f49774c88c",
            "input": "One member of this party founded the Massachusetts Board of Education before attempting to ban corporal punishment in school, while another spoke for two hours before Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. Horace Mann's \"Conscience\" faction of this party was opposed by Edward Everett's \"Cotton\" faction, and this party's founder designed the American [*] System. This party was succeeded by the Free Soil and Republican parties. For 10 points, name this American political party which ran war heroes for president, including Winfield Scott, Zachary Taylor, and William Henry Harrison, and which formed thanks to Henry Clay's opposition to Jacksonian Democracy.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-406ed54696fb4b189ccc2c6899ba2759",
            "input": "In one novel by this author, Franz and Martha begin an affair and decide to kill her husband, but Martha dies of pneumonia. A poem appearing in one of this man's works describes \"the false azure of the windowpane\" after the opening line, \"I was the shadow of the waxwing slain.\" That novel by this author of King, Queen, Knave centers on the editor Charles Kinbote, who describes the deposed king of Zembla while critiquing a 999-line poem by John Shade. This writer also created a young girl who runs away with Clare Quilty and is also involved with the literature professor Humbert Humbert, who calls her a \"nymphet.\" For 10 points, name this author of Pale Fire and Lolita.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-026c6d65b653478cad4ace37a6a91dd5",
            "input": "This philosopher anticipated the theory of speech acts through his concept of the mode of quality that defines the psychology of a given action. While Bernard Bolzanos Platonic thought influenced his professional works, his final period as a student was under the author of Psychology of Tone, Carl Stumpf, who influenced this mans early mathematical works On the Concept of Number and Philosophy of Arithmetic. His first major work begins by debunking psychologism and goes on to a six-part descriptive psychological exploration of mereology, intentionality, and the relationship between truth, intuition, and cognition, among other topics. This author of Philosophy as a Rigorous Science collected his Paris lectures as another major book. For 10 points, name this author of Logical Investigations and Cartesian Meditations, credited with founding phenomenology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96f6b1f34f494baaa613d9684b8ae082",
            "input": "This thinker was inspired to begin his career after reading the work of his Scottish contemporary Patrick Geddes. His articles for The New Yorker are collected in From the Ground Up and he famously argued that John Dewey was a prophet of dehumanization in his The Golden Day. This contrast between art and technology also animated his large study The Myth of the Machine. Other works include a study of architecture, Sticks and Stones, and art, The Brown Decades, but he is most well known for his four volume Renewal of Life series whose 1938 volume discusses the simultaneous growth of the urban landscape and modern culture. FTP identify this historian and sociologist who wrote The Culture of Cities.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1ffafff487964af7a0355353d2e4263a",
            "input": "Casualties of this incident include Samuel Maverick and Patrick Carr. Private Hugh White was on guard during the beginning of this event, which ended when Thomas Hutchinson cleared the crowd. This incident was known to one side as the \"Incident on King Street.\" John Adams defended the soldiers involved in this incident, a snowball fight gone awry that claimed the life of a runaway slave named Crispus Atticus. For 10 points, name this incident where British Redcoats shot at colonists in a Massachusetts city in 1770.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d76fe15adbf945c4b269ec58133c1ac5",
            "input": "This poem's third stanza begins \"When, like committed linnets, I/ With shriller throat shall sing, The sweetness, mercy, majesty, And glories of my King\" which shows the author's pro-royalist attitude. That stanza also demonstrates the setting of the poem, as \"committed linnets\" refers to pet birds. The rest of this poem, which first appeared along with a verse about \"going to the wars\" in To Lucasta, makes such statements as \"When I lie tangled in her hair.../ The birds wanton in the air/ Know no such liberty. \" For 10 points, name this poem by Richard Lovelace, whose fourth stanza begins \"Stone wall do not a prison make,/ Nor iron bars a cage;. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0fbdc93eb34d447ba017b62c1b202e78",
            "input": "It is divided into a medial zone, an intermediate zone, a lateral zone, and a flocculonodular zone; and dispersed throughout these zones are its namesake olivo-, cuneo-, ponto-, and vestibulofibers. It contains an inferior peduncle composed of fibers that arise from Clarke's column in the spinal cord. Consisting of two hemispheres separated by a vermis, this part of the brain is concerned with the coordination and regulation of muscle activity and maintenance of muscle tone and balance. FTP, identify this section of the brain that lies superior to the medulla oblongata.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c367f86602f04618ba27ac627d13188c",
            "input": "One of its former dynasties featured such kings as Edward the Philosopher, John the Pious, and Alfonso the African. That dynasty took power from the Afonsine Dynasty, this country's branch of the House of Burgundy, after the 1383-1385 Crisis. Power in this country was usurped by the Hapsburgs, when they seized the throne in 1580, but its independence was regained when John II led a rebellion in 1640. The dynasty he founded supplanted the House of Aviz and was named Braganza, and its later rulers named Pedro would hold power in Brazil. FTP, name this country, whose more famous leaders included King John I and Prince Henry the Navigator.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bce90c54fba49179f4f73b7930a0db9",
            "input": "By the equivalence principle, a homogenous gravitational field is equivalent to this quantity. The time derivative of this quantity is jerk. In the kinematic equation for position as a function of time, this quantity is the coefficient of the time-squared term, because it is the second derivative of position. By Newton's Second Law, it is equal to force over mass. For 10 points, name this quantity that is the \"\"a\"\" in \"\"F equals m a. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-534ae54b12db4bce884f165314c4cfa9",
            "input": "Using a Lucite or Kundt tube, this quantity can be determined experimentally by examining the sequence of Lissajous curves as the measuring apparatus is moved. The Prandtl-Glauert transformation breaks down at this value as it predicts an object at it would experience infinite pressure. It's often derived as the square root of the adiabatic constant times gas constant times Kelvin temperature over molecular weight, which is why it is commonly approximated for the atmosphere as (*) 331.45 plus 0.61 times Celsius temperature. Often determined in physics labs with a resonance tube or tuning fork, the shock waves formed when this quantity is exceeded give rise to a sonic boom. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to Mach 1, the speed at which acoustic waves travel in a given medium.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8829a7b9704141f79cbcd29f4403e98e",
            "input": "The efficiency of this process can be quantified with either overall, point, or Murphree efficiency. One method of performing calculations for this process first requires determination of the slope of the q-line for the feed. The next steps in that method are to split the operating line into enriching and stripping sections, to draw alternating horizontal and vertical lines between the operating and equilibrium lines, and finally to count off the number of horizontal lines drawn. That method determines the number of (*) theoretical trays required for this process and is named for McCabe and Thiele. Mixtures that do not change composition when this process is performed are termed azeotropes. For 10 points, name this process which separates components of a solution based on their boiling points.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8899a4b66f8e4fd69416b96ce0e6b61a",
            "input": "In one of his novels, a stroke causes the protagonist to forget most of his experienced memories but remember every book he's read; that protagonist is named Yambo. Simone Simonini is the protagonist of his most recent novel, which investigates the origins of the Protocol of the Elders of Zion. This author of The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana and The Prague Cemetery wrote about Belbo, Diotallevi, and Casaubon, who develop \"The Plan\". In another work by this author, Adso of Melk helps William of Baskerville investigate a series of bizarre murders in a monastery. For 10 points, name this Italian author of Foucault's Pendulum and The Name of the Rose.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-768490ba1c444a50983cdffed9334f92",
            "input": "Aside from an unfinished piano quartet and early cantata, this man wrote only song cycles and symphonies. He conducted the New York Philharmonic from 1909-1911, when he suffered a physical collapse and demanded to be returned to Vienna. Terrified of writing a ninth symphony, he gave no number to The Song of the Earth. His Resurrection Symphony is similar to Beethovens Ninth and has a massive choral finale. FTP name this Austrian composer of Symphony of a Thousand.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5681e7a46caf4f26bd5f88cb4d7e7964",
            "input": "This author meets Murder, Fraud, and Hypocrisy as he \"walk[s] in the vision of Poesy\" in a poem inspired by the Peterloo Massacre. In addition to \"The Masque of Anarchy,\" this man wrote a poem in which he urges others to weep for the title character's death after he reached \"Beacons from the abode where the Eternal are.\" In a more famous poem, this author asks, \"If (*) winter comes, can spring be far behind\" while in another poem he comments that the title entity is happier than humans as it has not \"hate, and pride, and fear\". For ten points, name this poet of \"Adonais,\" \"Ode to the West Wind,\" and \"To a Skylark,\" who was married to the author of Frankenstein.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af547f78c4f84ab1a0db402146ca1127",
            "input": "This man created the DIP agency which published the Cultura Politica and Ciencia Politica magazines, and his man's residence at Guanabara was attacked by a group led by Plinio Salgado after he refused to grant them power . He first came to power after the announcement of a consecutive paulista candidate for the Liberal Alliance ticket, and the the forgery of a document by Eurico Dutra also preceded the ascent of this man, who had earlier served as the Secretary of the Treasury under Washington Lus. This man's bodyguard Gregorio Fortunato was involved in the Rua Tonelero plot in which Major Rubens Vas was killed and opposition leader and journalist Carlos Lacerda was injured, and that scandal led this former Governor of Rio Grande do Sul to shoot himself in Catete Palace. For 10 Points, name this two time President of Brazil who modeled his Estado Novo on that of Antonio Salazar.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5489ea008c8f4d2baef1937f4d973154",
            "input": "In one of this author's short stories, the title character is killed after taking a boy hostage, after which his body is dumped in an unused mine and stinks up the village. In addition to The Catch, this author has recently completed the trilogy The Flaming Green Tree, a work he claims will be his last. Other works by him include a four-volume collection that contains a story about the boy Eeyore, Teach Us to Outgrow Our Madness, and a novel about children who are taken to a remote village after a plague breaks out. The birth of Bird's child with a brain hernia parallels this man's own experiences with his retarded son and is central to his A Personal Matter. FTP, identify this author of Nip the Bud, Shoot the Kids, who also wrote about the brothers Mitsu and Takashi in The Silent Cry.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cd53a49c6bb4f00aa70ab799483ce50",
            "input": "The tenth, written in E major, attempts to imitate the sound of a cimbalom through use of fast arpeggios and tremolos. The fourth was written in D minor and designated Lento A Capriccio, while the first of them was written in F minor and designated Lento Quasi Marcia Funebre. The Horowitz transcription of its last disregards much of the lassan section. Entitled Rakoczy March, this fifteenth section is not as famous as the second in D minor, which most may recognize from cartoons. FTP, identify this series of fifteen sketches based on Gypsy music by Franz Liszt.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5860365eac62432d97c3415f95d8da8e",
            "input": "Le Phenix by Corrette is scored for four of these instruments, and Carl Maria von Weber reworked his Andante and Hungarian Rondo from viola to this instrument. Vivaldi wrote more concertos for it than any other instrument but the violin, and Giles Brindley built a \"logical\" one. Lucio Berio's 12th Sequenza is a solo for it, and it derives from the Dulcian. The \"double\" variety is played an octave lower, and Mozart's sonata in B flat for it is considered the most important work in its repertory. It plays an ad libitum solo in a high register to begin Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring, and it is played by blowing through a double reed. For 10 points, name this larger relative of the oboe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebf5c279f78a4ffc9584cbf114a7e5ef",
            "input": "Before its discovery, Newton's and Kepler's laws proved the existence of what turned out to be this planet, and near its south pole is a green belt. The white clouds observed in its atmosphere are made of methane, and its largest moon revolves it in a retrograde orbit. The Galle ring surrounds this planet, while the tides on this planet will eventually result in the destruction of Triton. The Great Dark Spot used to exist on, FTP, what planet that is usually closer to the sun than Pluto",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4521e5e8f074cadb2ce18331da71962",
            "input": "The square of this quantity's operator is the Casimir invariant of the SO(3) Lie Algebra, and this quantity is crossed to p in the definition of the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector. Yrast refers to a minimum of energy for a given value of this quantity, which is often added using expansion coefficients named for Clebsch and Gordan. Often specified using term symbols, two types of it are coupled in heavy atoms by JJ-coupling or in lighter ones by Russell-Saunders coupling. It is the Noether charge associated with rotational invariance, and this quantity's derivative with respect to time is equal to the net torque. For ten points, identify this quantity which comes in orbital and spin types and is equal to moment of inertia times angular velocity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23c796176ad842dfa21aba6921a2e2a8",
            "input": "One work by this artist shows a woman holding flowers on her birthday while her boyfriend in a green shirt floats above ground and greatly contorts his neck to kiss her. His pictures of himself, which generally show him painting, include Autoportrait and Self-Portrait with Seven Fingers. Another work shows a red Notre Dame, a cloud that looks like a woman, and, in its upper right corner, an enormous bouquet of flowers. There is debate over whether the appearance of the Russian Red Army in one of his works is supposed to represent hope or danger, and historians also question his decision to cover up that work's Nazi references. Those works are View of Paris and White Crucifixion. Name this artist who showed a black-clothed man holding a scythe, an upside-down woman, the large face of a goat, and the large face of a green man in I and the Village.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bbfdf2dfeef4091be9f65c7a7e016e8",
            "input": "Act three features the gift of a dead mouse and gingerbread sent to a gentleman caller by a woman feigning madness, while the final act begins with six neighbors telling the master about recent comings and goings during his trip to the hop yards. Visitors to the London address where the play is set include Kastril, a well-to-do youth who wants to learn how to fight better, and Ananias, a deacon and a violently fanatical Puritan, who wants to mint money. Only Pertinax Surly, the friend of Sir Epicure Mammon, sees through the ruses and refuses to buy into the promises made by Dol Common and Jeremy about their ability to procure the philosophers stone. For ten points, name this Ben Jonson comedy about a man named Subtle who practices the title profession that claims to turn base metals into gold.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5f6dec1213447e4beeb089c7dc0d8f5",
            "input": "In one work, this thinker divided religion into world-flying mysticism, world-rejecting asceticism, and inner-worldly asceticism. This thinker claimed that the devaluation of mysticism led to disenchantment in modern culture and defined the state as the entity with a monopoly on the legitimate use of force. This author of Economy and Society claimed that man could become trapped in the \"iron cage of rationality\" as a result of bureaucratic specialization and also wrote and Politics as a Vocation. For 10 points, name this sociologist who claimed that Lutheran secularism led to a culture of accumulation and trade in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22b356d235014c50a12020f00e7595f5",
            "input": "One of the first songs in this opera contains instructions to grind the wheelstone to let it spatter fire and blood. One of the central characters is begged to reconsider his actions in the aria Un giuramento atroce, while another characters allegiance to the old King of Tartary is explained in the first act by Timur. Three ministers in this opera sing Ola, Peng! while preparing for either a wedding or a funeral, and those characters, Ping, Pang and Pong, later try to discover the name of its male lead. After hearing a command ordering that no one sleep, Calaf sings its aria Nessun Dorma. FTP, name this final, unfinished opera by Puccini, about a namesake Chinese princess.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e39dc9913de4d3cbf361f1b5843c8dd",
            "input": "He describes using the advance money from an early novel to purchase the 13-volume Conrad edition of Flauberts correspondence in 1986s The Perpetual Orgy: Flaubert and Madame Bovary. He used Euclides da Cunhas Os Sertoes as the basis for his description of the Canudos uprising in a 1981 novel set in rural northern Brazil. His own time at the Leoncio Prado Military Academy informs his story of Jaguars killing of fellow student Esclavo, while yet another of his novels focuses on Don Anselmo, who builds the title brothel near the jungle. The author of The War of the End of the World, The Time of the Hero, and The Green House, FTP, name this El Boom novelist who wrote about Mario Vargitas and Pedro Camacho in Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40abe8498b50448791e96bb66dbc7763",
            "input": "This man adapted A. E. Housman's \"Is my team ploughing\" into the third part of his song cycle On Wenlock Edge, and he provided six quotes from the Book of Solomon to accompany his suite Flos Campi. \"The March Past of the Kitchen Utensils\" is the third section of one of his works, while a Meredith poem is the basis for another. In addition to incidental music for The Wasps and The Lark Ascending, he adapted his score for Scott of the Antarctic into his Sinfonia Antarctica and set poems from Leaves of Grass in his first symphony. For 10 points, identify this British composer of A Sea Symphony and fantasias on \"Greensleeves\" and a Theme of Thomas Tallis.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be15d3d025124a89bed4786bdcffaa07",
            "input": "Job Shattuck was the second leader of this movement, supporting a man who had served as a captain at the battle of Stony Point. Its encampment at Petersham was dispersed during a snowstorm by the arrival of an army under Benjamin Lincoln, which quickly suppressed all resistance after the participants failed to capture the Springfield Arsenal. While its leader escaped to settle in Vermont, fear that it might spread encouraged discontent with the Articles of Confederation. FTP, name this debtors' revolt that shook western Massachusetts in the autumn of 1786.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3f2bb7048dc44b792b6ed5c337f07ac",
            "input": "This disorder usually occurs due to abnormally low activity of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, allowing the sphingolipid ganglioside to accumulate in the brain. The affected patient loses motor abilities, develops a red spot on the retina, and eventually suffers paralysis before death. FTP, name this autosomal recessive disorder also called Amaurotic Familial Idiocy, most frequently found among people of eastern European Jewish origin.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84d85f72a5bb433387935e3b10f6a218",
            "input": "Systems with a discrete upper energy limit can possess negative absolute values of this quantity. This quantity is defined as one over the energy partial derivative of the entropy; its reciprocal is referred to as beta. Mean kinetic energy is defined as one half times the Boltzmann constant times this quantity. The (*) third law of thermodynamics predicts an unattainable lower limit for this quantity, which is a measure of the average energy in a substance due to heat, called absolute zero, and this quantity is equal for two bodies in thermodynamic equilibrium. For 10 points, name this quantity, measured in scales like Kelvin.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5c6d731e7d3461c9fe1867689396ae9",
            "input": "One of his works includes a crescent-shaped structure with 40 aisles in each of 3 levels in the Yorktown Heights building, an d he designed the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra which was initially founded as the Berkshire Music Center. In addition to the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center and the Tanglewood Music Center, the colloquially named \"Jetsons Lounge\" is included in his work for Vassar College; that work is the (*) Noyes House. However, he is probably best known for a work done in collaboration with Hannskarl Bandel which features egg-shaped trams which travel through half of the catenary-shaped structure. For 10 points, identify this architect of the Gateway Arch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-769db0b3430d4ec386c9442722a8ac8c",
            "input": "One leader of this movement, Job Shattuck, marched with a group of 200 men on the Middlesex County Courthouse. This uprising was often associated with debt collection courts being shut down in the state of Massachusetts, and after this event ended, its namesake received a $20 monthly stipend from the government for his military service. For 10 points, name this uprising of veterans of the American Revolution in 1786 and 1787.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-016e27e6d29e4ce893f498094ced1b54",
            "input": "In one work of this composer, a \"drinking chorus\" is preceded by tone painting of the baying of hounds via double grace notes in the strings, trombones, and horns, which directly quote hunting calls. In another of his works, C minor is associated with the Vorstellung, and the keys of B-flat and E-flat are representative of humanity. His other religious works include his \"Great Organ\" Mass and the somewhat programmatic Mass in Distress and Mass in Time of War. His Trumpet Concerto in E-flat Major written for Anton Weidiger was one of the few to be written for the keyed trumpet, and his Opus 20 group of six string quartets is commonly referred to as the \"Sun\" Quartets. His symphonies include one whose first movement's second theme in B-flat imitates a clucking of a chicken and one which instructs the musicians to leave as they complete their parts during the last movement. FTP, name this Austrian composer of the \"Farewell\" Symphony, the Paris Symphonies, and the London Symphonies, which include the \"Surprise\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0eb15a175d6240488d0c998dab1395fc",
            "input": "These peoples were defeated at the Battle of Pollentia. During the rule of their Balti Dynasty, Prince Hermenigild led a rebellion against the rule of Leovigild, while Saint Leander converted them to Catholicism during the rule of Reccared I. During the rule of Wamba, one kingdom established by these peoples was the scene of a revolt of Jews encouraged by Flavius Paulus and Hilderic of Nimes. That kingdom was defeated at the Battle of Guadalete after being betrayed by Julian of Ceuta. The most famous leader of these peoples placed the puppet Priscus Attalus on the imperial throne during a conflict against Honorius. For ten points, name this Germanic tribe who established a kingdom in Spain after sacking Rome under Alaric.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1552be7981f14859b321e03e66fc5486",
            "input": "A model of this phenomenon developed in Lund and Grenoble built on an earlier one that analogized its relation with position to a stress-strain curve and accounted for hysteresis in the case of permanent displacement. Described by the Dahl model, this behavior was shown by IBM in 2008 at a molecular level using an atomic force microscope on cobalt atoms cooled to 5K. This phenomenon causes head loss proportional to the flow velocity squared divided by the hydraulic diameter and multiplied by the pipe length as well as a value describing this phenomenon named for Darcy. The strength of this force is independent of contact area and sliding velocity according to laws named for Amontons and Coulomb. For 10 points, name this force whose maximum value is proportional to the normal force and which opposes motion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a968d637466e4bbda45dee18c7f755c2",
            "input": "It is in flashbacks that this novel's central character reveals his strict upbringing at the hands of the cruel McEachern and his separation from his first love, the prostitute Bobbie Allen. That character's problems include refusing good advice to join a black law firm and working at a mill to cover up his moonshine business. Perhaps more despicable are Lucas Burch, who betrays that character and Percy Grimm, who castrates and kills him. FTP, identify this novel about the tragic half-black Joe Christmas, a work by William Faulkner.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e0e57c7bd2541a3b8cae15f67dcec6e",
            "input": "In one play by this author, the title character's first words are a speech that begins, \"O divine air Breezes on swift bird-wings... The multitudinous laughter of Mother Earth!\" One of this man's plays was modified to include a Fourth Episode involving a Herald who prohibits a certain action to better segue into a play by a different author; that episode follows a Threnos. The antagonist is told by his Spy of the title characters at (*) Argos' camp in one play by this author, who wrote of another character telling the Oceanids about a marriage that could lead to Zeus's downfall after being trapped by Kratos and Bia. This author wrote of the alliance against Eteocles as well as another character who gets struck by lightning and has his liver eaten while he is chained to a mountain. For 10 points, name this Greek tragedian behind Seven Against Thebes and Prometheus Bound.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c95ab72eda734cb2a769ac4bada0aaf3",
            "input": "The female lead in this work was later reimagined as a deflowered vestal virgin who is actually a patient in a psych ward in a 1982 opera by Salvatore Sciarrino. One character prays for a resolution to this work's initial conflict in \"Mein Herr und Gott,\" which is preceded by the heroine's dream aria \"Einsam in trben Tagen. \" The villains sing the dueling arias \"Durch dich musst' Ich verlieren\" and \"Du Wilde Seherin\" in Act 2 of this opera before vowing revenge in the duet \"Der Rache Werk. \" after which the heroine sings the aria \"Euch Lften, die mein Klagen\" to Ortrud in this opera's balcony scene. After the death of Telramund, this opera's \"forbidden question\" motif culminates in the title character's aria \"In fernem Land,\" in which he finally reveals his name. For 10 points, name this opera in which a grail knight arrives in Antwerp on a swan-drawn boat only to leave Elsa to die from a broken heart, a work by Richard Wagner.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c63a36f70bb4ce3ab7d88fcda0baf7a",
            "input": "Two sylvan men with heraldic shields decorate the wings to his portrait of Oswolt Krel, while Job having water dumped on him and a depiction of two musicians make up his presumed Jabach Altarpiece. The foreshortened and lowered head of Thomas looking into a sarcophagus distinguishes one of his works, while another depicts St. Eustace and St. George at the wings of the Nativity. The painter of the Heller Altar and Paumgartner Atarpiece, he showed the Virgin under a green canopy supported by ribbons held by cherubs for a work exemplifying the influence of Venetian painting, Feast of the Rose Garlands. His various depictions of the Virgin and Child theme include Madonna with the Siskin and Madonna with Pear, while Frederick the Wise commissioned his depiction of The Martyrdom of Ten Thousand. He did various portraits of Emperor Maximilian, as well as a depiction of an Indian rhinoceros, and a painting which shows a rhombohedron surmounted by a human skull as well as an angel holding a compass. For 10 points, name this engraver and painter of works such as Melencolia I.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6be49f8ce1ae4954a7c36f448f3534ce",
            "input": "This god transformed the elderly couple Baucis and Philemon into trees and transformed the godless Lycaon into a wolf. This deity killed Porphyrion for trying to rape his wife. Leda, the wife of Tyndareus, was approached by this god in the form of a swan and he dressed as Amphitryon to seduce Alcmene. This god's father Cronos ate a rock in place of him, and Athena sprang fully formed from this god's head. This brother of Hades and Poseidon is married to his sister Hera. For 10 points, name this supreme deity of Olympus and Greek god of thunder.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-997b13e2e04f468a8747a126c990e9f5",
            "input": "It was first explored by Lazare Picault in 1742 and is composed of two main island groups: forty central mountainous islands and 70 outer, coralline islands. It also claims the Chagos archipelago, which has put it in dispute with one of its former colonizers. Seselwa is its official language, but both English and French are just as likely to be used. The larger islands include Silhouette, Praslin, and La Digue, but 90% of the population, as well as the capital, is found on the main island of Mahe. FTP, identify this island republic 1,000 miles east of Kenya with capital at Victoria.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04f3495afd1347138eb9566fa50b0087",
            "input": "In this city, Wissahickon Creek goes through Fairmount Park. This city can be entered by crossing the Delaware River on the Betsy Ross Bridge. One of its buildings, where the Second Continental Congress adopted the (*) Declaration of Independence, is Independence Hall. The Liberty Bell is found in, for 10 points, what city in Pennsylvania",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1e25dc8cb024b0eb36abbe8ddfb6018",
            "input": "The Rosetta mission will study the influence of this phenomenon on Wirtanen, and several boundaries relevant to this phenomenon include the mystery boundary and the magnetic pile-up boundary. First predicted by Ludwig Biermann, is velocity gradients give rise to corotating interaction regions, and its magnetic fields are studied through the use of a spiral named for the man who first formulated a comprehensive theory of it. Anomalous cosmic rays accelerate to high velocities at this phenomenon's termination shock, and its balance with the interstellar medium defines the location of the heliopause. Notably modeled by Eugene Parker, for ten points, identify this plasma of ionized particles and electrons ejected from the Sun's corona. \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34a3c55f2e8a4b4993a833af9b96d46b",
            "input": "In Norse myth, one of these objects belonging to Freyr was given to the giantess Gerd, which causes Freyr to use an antler in its place at Ragnarok. Examples from Celtic myth include Fragarach and Caladbolg, while in Shinto myth Susanoo uses one named Totsuka to defeat an eight-headed dragon, whose body contains one named Kusanagi. A better known object of this type was given to its owner by the Lady of the Lake or might have been pulled from a stone. For 10 points, name these objects which include King Arthur's Excalibur.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-528511b7785b4e838aeb1eb6eec13d78",
            "input": "In the second year of his reign, this ruler defeated the pirates known as the Shardana in a sea battle. He signed a treaty with the Hittite king Hattusili II. His most famous consort, Nefertari, is buried in the largest tomb in the Valley of Queens. He defeated the Hittites under Muwatallis in the Battle of (*) Kadesh. A fallen statue in a large temple dedicated to this man was the inspiration for Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem \"Ozymandias.\" For 10 points, name this pharaoh of the 19th dynasty who commissioned the Abu Simbel temples and was nicknamed \"the Great.\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d91adf07c0843ee98008274d5c8ecc7",
            "input": "In one play by this writer, Pelasgus allows a group of women to gain shelter in Argos. That work originally was part of the Danaid Tetralogy. Aristotle credited him for adding a second actor in addition to the chorus to his plays, and some of the fragments attributed to him include Nereids and Proteus. A group of plays he wrote ends with a murder trial argued by Apollo and leading to a renaming of the Furies. That murder trial is for the death of Aegisthus and Clytemnetra at the hands of Orestes. Name this playwright of The Suppliants, The Persians, and Seven Against Thebes, whose Agamemnon begins his Oresteia trilogy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5862d9de1492430b85b47c216bb833e9",
            "input": "This author wrote an eleven-book series about an American boy who participates in the great events of the early 20th century. This author of the Lanny Budd series wrote about the death by drowning of the child Antanas in a novel. That novel by this author includes a foreman named Connor who turns Ona into a prostitute, causing her husband Jurgis Rudkus to join the Chicago socialist party. For 10 points, name this author who revealed the misery of the stockyards in his novel The Jungle.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-86185e0da8dc450f844136195392b772",
            "input": "This entity is the subject of the BPP algorithm. Archimedes approximated it by inscribing and circumscribing progressively larger n-gons. The probability that two integers are relatively prime is equal to six divided by the square of this. This is the definite integral from negative one to one of one over square root one minus x square dx. Lambert showed that it is (*) irrational. This is the equal to the inverse cosine of negative one. For 10 points, name this constant multiplied by the square of the radius to find the area of a circle.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77f7ce5607144775b4ac61a3dc868642",
            "input": "One of the two inhabited islands in this body of water is Likoma Island, which is dominated by baobab trees and can be reached from Nkhata Bay on the mainland. This body is inhabited by aquatic life including the mbuna or \"rockdwellers\", and the tilapiines, which are both subgroups of its cichlid population. Referred to as \"the jewel of our nation\" by dictator Hastings Banda, the southern portion of this body has an outlet at the Shire River, which is known for its hippopotami. The waters of its northern extent are disputed with Tanzania. Also known as Lake Nyasa, for 10 points, name this eighth largest lake in the world named for an African country west of Mozambique.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e78960043a1e4a9b96bbc51d12973747",
            "input": "The builder of an organ takes the name Silbermann to hide his identity in this work, and that character is a member of the League of Journeyers to the East, which helped society move past the Age of the Feuilleton according to Plinius Ziegenhalss. One character studies at the schools of Eschholz and (*) Waldzell and becomes a tutor to Tito, the son of Plinio Designori, before drowning. For 10 points, name this work in which Joseph Knecht becomes the Magister Ludi, a work by Herman Hesse.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b178de2eaef4d6eabe2160a89e2f556",
            "input": "One work set in this country sees one character relinquish his throne to his son, who eventually has an affair with his own son's wife. Another work from this country centers on 108 bandits who occupy the title location. One novel from this country which produced The Outlaws of the Marsh centers on the retrieval of Buddhist scriptures from India and centers on Sun Wukong [\"woo-kong\"], who is the Monkey King. For 10 points, name this Asian country, whose classical novels include Dream of the Red Chamber and Journey to the West, which was written during the Ming dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8aaf6df4855c4c19b281716a0ec2c28c",
            "input": "This politician attained the rank of major general after leaving his Massachusetts Senate seat during World War II. He returned to the Senate but was defeated for re-election by John Kennedy in 1952, and was then appointed by Eisenhower as ambassador to the United Nations. For 10 points identify Richard Nixon's running mate in the 1960 presidential election who later served as chief negotiator in the Paris Peace talks.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76282e023e334083bb5259680c4a0c28",
            "input": "In one of his poems this man writes that his shadow \"glides in silence over the watercourse\" and \"moves like a huge violet-colored mosquito. \" He claims he will \"be a free sign of oppressed norms on the neck of the stiff branch\" in a poem known only as \"sonnet. \"  In a play by this author a woman lusts after the shepherd Victor after strangling her husband, while another work features a woman who sings a lullaby about a horse who \"won't drink from the stream\" and a young woodcutter who represents the moon. Adela hangs herself after her mother threatens Pepe with a pistol in the third play of his Rural Trilogy, The House of Bernarda Alba. FTP name this Spanish author of Blood Wedding who was shot to death on the orders of Francisco Franco.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3e6b39cb6bd4815858f79ce99f0ef60",
            "input": "Headings of this work's sections include \"A Lamp on Earth\" and \"The Sand Betrayed. \" The author praises political figures such as Abraham Lincoln and Joseph Stalin in \"Let the Woodcutter Awaken\" and Emiliano Zapata in \"The Liberators\". One section of this work describes the flora and fauna of the Pre-Colombian era, and other sections discuss mining and the Communist Party, while a section often published separately describes the poet's ascent to Incan ruins. It includes \"The Earth's Name is Juan\" and \"The Heights of Machu Picchu. \" For 10 points, name this long poem by Pablo Neruda.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69d6ec8344b641bab9aabfe346989b86",
            "input": "This European country was home to the 1970s \"\"historic compromise\"\" between its communist party and its other political parties. This country's center-right coalition is known as the \"\"Pole of Freedoms. \"\" During the \"\"Years of Lead,\"\" the Red Brigades kidnapped and murdered this country's prime minister, Aldo Moro. This republic was created when, in 1946, Victor Emmanuel III abdicated the throne. For 10 points, name this country that has recently been led by prime minister Romano Prodi from Rome.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94d20b3bd202477b8dfdb709b9dce6b4",
            "input": "A specific form of this process is graphically represented as \"dumbbell shaped\" and is alternatively called vicariant. In a 1977 paper, Jared Diamond discussed the \"inter-archipelagial\" and \"continental\" method of this process, the latter of which is only applicable to birds. Two ways in which this process can occur are ploidy changes, and hybridization, and it can also occur due to adaptive radiation. The rate of the occurrence of this process is often disrupted in punctuated equilibrium, and it exists in peripatric, sympatric, and allopatric varieties. For 10 points, name this biological process which makes a group of organisms unable to interbreed with another.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb08b9ae6ed347f19e7f4ef4e3111940",
            "input": "Henry Thoreau claimed that this man knew \"no more of grammar than one of your calves,\" and asks \"When were the good and brave ever in a majority\" This man fought Henry Pate in the Battle of Black Jack at Palmyra, and he also lost to John Reid at Osawatomie. A Free State company under this man's command received news of the sack of (*) Lawrence two days before they killed five settlers in the Pottawatomie Massacre. This man is best known for his defeat by Robert E. Lee's marines during a 1859 raid on a West Virginian armory. For 10 points, name this radical abolitionist who led an unsuccessful raid on Harpers Ferry.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89134e34a2e848a4b2613746f0f91eda",
            "input": "In 1701, John Lawson visited the Catawba people while exploring the area that is now this state. Its colonial delegates were the first to officially call for independence in a document called the Halifax Resolve, and battles on the territory of this state include a clash between Nathaniel Green and Cornwallis at Guilford Courthouse. From 1711 to 1715, while it was still a colony, this state was racked by a war against the Tuscarora Indians, and the excesses of its governor William Tryon led to an uprising led by Herman Husband known as the Regulator Movement. For ten points, identify this state which has recently been represented by such senators as Jesse Helms and Elizabeth Dole, and has its capital at Raleigh.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-856ea194f47949009573795644c0abcd",
            "input": "plots, which relate the boiling point of a solution to the boiling point of water, can only be applied in conditions where this relation holds. Its namesake also names the cryoscopic and ebullioscopic constants used in Van't Hoff's rule. Positive and negative deviations from it are characteristic of azeotropes, and another formulation of this statement, which applies to components whose concentration limits to zero, is called Henry's law. For 10 points, identify this eponymous law which states that for an ideal solution, the vapor pressure can be described as a sum of the products of the pressure for each component times the mole fraction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-585f295402f0422683cbbfe56895adbd",
            "input": "This composer depicted laughter in the final \"Precipitosissimo\" section of a solo piano work that also features movements marked \"Tempestuoso\" and \"Smanioso\". He transformed his ballet Ala i Lolli into a suite that opens with the \"Invocation to Veles and Ala\" and features the \"Dance of the Pagan Monsters\". This composer of Sarcasms included a theme for cornet in the \"wedding\" movement of a work that also features a sleigh-bell-backed troika. For 10 points, identify this composer of the Scythian Suite and the Lieutenant Kij Suite who used timpani and bass drums to represent gunshots and strings to represent the titular Young Pioneer of his Peter and the Wolf.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2eb0f399dc7473bb6f5e39d19cd6e3f",
            "input": "According to legend, an evil princess named Yodit once killed every member of this country's royal family and ruled for forty years. With the help of foreign musketeers, this country won the Battle of Wayna Daga, a victory over the Muslim Adal Empire. Yekuno Amlak overthrew this country's Zagwe dynasty. An era of instability in this country was called the \"Age of the Princes\" and was ended by Tewodros II. This country won the Battle of Adwa against Italy and its great rulers include Menelik II. For 10 points, name this nation once ruled by Haile Selassie, with capital at Addis Ababa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-42e05cb78e2e4c88aa03e5fc7dedd1e9",
            "input": "This figure exchanges insults with a boatman with a name meaning \"Grey-beard\" who refuses to ferry. One member of this deity's retinue is in atonement for scraping the marrow out of a thighbone, and the sorceress Groa ran off while healing this son of Fyorgin. This god lifted and brought back a huge brewing-kettle for Aegir. A piece of (*) whetstone was stuck in his head after he got stuck under the corpse of Hrungnir. This employer of the servants Roskva and Thialfi was once at sea with Hymir, who cut his fishing line, and waited until sunlight so the dwarf Alvis would turn to stone. He once disguised himself as a bride and flew in his goat-driven chariot to reclaim a prized weapon. For 10 points, name this Norse god whose use of Mjolnir causes thunder.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32b0e766859c41db93375ab00fe440ef",
            "input": "In later life this mythological figure left Argos and arrived after some journeys in southern Italy, where he supposedly founded several cities. The son of Tydeus and Deipyle, this man was one of the Epigoni before going to Troy, where he nearly killed Aeneas in combat, killed both Rhesus and Dolon, helped smuggle the Palladium out of Troy, and even managed to wound the god Ares in battle. Name this character of Greek myth who shares his name with a king of Thrace known, FTP, for his flesh-eating mares, to whom he fed the bodies of his houseguests until he himself was fed to them by Heracles.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fba849c979e04ff899ca499ca24200b1",
            "input": "The maximum possible volume for the geometric figure known as Gabriel's Horn is this quantity. The square root of two divided by two is the first product of an infinite sequence of terms named for Viete [vee-ET] that expresses this quantity. The value of the Riemann zeta function at two is equal to this quantity squared divided by six. The period of the tangent function is equal to this quantity. The number e raised to the product of i and this quantity is equal to negative one. For 10 points, name this transcendental number, the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f84bd9f7245485392a1a86d56d8197f",
            "input": "In physics, the bag model named for this improves the MIT Bag Model in modeling the nucleon. Gleiser et al recently hypothesized that high intensity and long duration events can induce it in a paper unifying it with punctuated equilibrium. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rule is used in the RS system to distinguish molecules with this property.. First discovered to have a molecular basis by Louis Pasteur in tartaric acid, this property distinguishes enantiomers from one another. For 10 points, what chemical property makes two molecules non-superimposable and gives handedness",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c7e71f0934774eaf9b07b1e7b382b4c0",
            "input": "This work's manuscript ends with the phrase Soli deo Gloria, after the composer completed the work in less than a month with a libretto by Charles Jennens. This work's fourth scene contains a pifa, or a pastoral symphony, before the \"Annunciation to the Shepherds.\" Songs from this work include \"The trumpet shall sound\" and \"I know that my Redeemer liveth,\" as well as a section that George II apocryphally stood at the sound of. For 10 points, name this oratorio by Georg Friedrich Handel about the life of Jesus Christ, typically performed around Christmas.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a71be2271f145e79ec6e07dd417e81b",
            "input": "One work by this man begins with strings playing a pianissimo \"A\" in five different octaves, a movement whose title is transliterated as \"Slowly, Dragging, Like a sound from nature.\" The diary of Natalie Bauer-Lechner chronicles the creation of a work by this composer which quotes from Nietzsche's \"Midnight Song.\" Lehar's Merry Widow and Wagner's \"Die Meistersinger\" are parodied in the finale of the seventh of this man's symphonies, which variously draw from the final scene of (*) Goethe's Faust, the earlier song cycle Der Knaben Wunderhorn, and the chant Veni Creator Spiritus. A staggering forty-minute first movement opens his lengthy third symphony, while he gave his song cycle based on Chinese poems an atypical name to avoid the curse of the ninth. For 10 points, name this Austrian creator of the \"Resurrection\" and \"Titan\" symphonies, The Song of the Earth, and the \"Symphony of a Thousand.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-85c47dfee9be4121b7708865ba7f45a3",
            "input": "This work sets the \"Ductore sic te praevio\" to a double fugue, and the E-flat/B-flat/A-flat motif that opens the first vocal parts is repeated in the climax of the second section. A 1975 performance with the Vienna Philharmonic and Kenneth Riegel with Jose van Dam, among others, was recorded on video with a leaping Leonard Bernstein as conductor. Early on the key switches to D-flat on the words \"Imple supema gratia,\" while a violin solo accompanies the singing of \"Infirma. \" An intense march is set to \"Hostem Repellas,\" and trumpets mark the second surge of the \"Accende lumen sensibus\" theme just as an E-flat minor baritone solo closes. In the second part, the bass, baritone, and tenor roles are respectively Pater Profundis, Pater Ecstaticus, and Doctor Marianus. Mulier Samaritana and Maria Aegyptiaca are the two soprano roles in this work, which uses the Veni creator theme that begins its first section as the climax of its second section, which is a setting of Goethe's Faust, Part II. For 10 points, name this work of Gustav Mahler which is noted for its large ensemble.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-36370927bfdb4498b971951f2b3091ec",
            "input": "The Committees of Vigilance organized in this location were later broken up voluntarily after self-declared success, and the Tower of Jewels was built here to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal. Charles Ellis is attributed with pushing through the construction of one landmark in this city, where Emperor Norton once reigned. Hetch Hetchy Valley was flooded as a result of a project to provide water for this city following one event, and many mansions used to exist on its Nob Hill district. It was where the UN Charter was signed. For 10 points, identify this city rebuilt after a 1906 fire and home to a bright orange structure, the Golden Gate Bridge.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b100fc841535431b9c1f9ff09b1a7485",
            "input": "21 (Tiebreaker). This monarch, who personally oversaw the sieges of Therouanne and Tournay, defeated an uprising called the Pilgrimage of Grace. This king met with Francis I at the Field of the Cloth of Gold and was advised by(*) Thomas Wolsey. This king appointed Thomas Cranmer as Archbishop of Canterbury, and Cranmer subsequently assisted this king's religious reforms as he seized the monasteries and declared himself head of the Church of England. For 10 points, identify this English monarch who famously had six wives.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db84fe2d6ba543c3b74230aafd3ea1c9",
            "input": "One ruler of this dynasty avoided a prophecy of his death by abdicating in favor of the puppet Yusufi for four days during his persecution of Nuqtavis. This dynasty was defeated at Gulnabad by the Ghilzai leader Mahmud. Its founder was victorious at Merv over the Uzbeks and had earlier overthrown the White Sheep dynasty. This dynasty was eventually supplanted by Karim Khan and the Zand dynasty, and its final rulers were puppets of Nadir Shah. Tahmasp I was a ruler of this dynasty, which was defeated at Chaldiran by Selim the Grim. Under Abbas I, this dynasty established a capital at Isfahan, and it was founded with the help of the Qizilbash by Ismail I. For 10 points, name this Shi'ite dynasty that ruled Persia from 1501 to 1736.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e36ffa0cb3ac4074a6cac91d6628d955",
            "input": "This man's only Supreme Court appointment was that of his Naval Secretary, Smith Thompson. While this man was president, the Choctaw chief Pushmataha ceded territory to the U. S. in the Treaties of Doak's Stand and Washington City. Another treaty during his presidency established the Sabine and Red Rivers as borders with New Spain and ceded Florida to the U. S. That treaty, the Adams-Onis Treaty, was negotiated by this man's Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams. Upon the collapse of the Federalists, this man ran for reelection unopposed. For 10 points, name this fifth U. S. President, whose namesake doctrine told Europe to stay out of American affairs.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-099f786df8d34bdd9235754ebd80e54a",
            "input": "In 1998, astronomers discovered Cha H-alpha 1, the first one of these objects to emit X-Rays. They can be difficult to identify because their diameters are often comparable to those of massive planets, although their density is much greater. Most of the known ones have been identified through the detection of lithium, which is not typically found in their larger counterparts. The first verified one, Teide 1, was found in 1995, fitting the classification of having a mass greater than 12 times that of Jupiter, the minimum mass for performing deuterium fusion. FTP, name these non-luminous sub-stellar objects that do not have a large enough mass to fuse hydrogen into helium, often known as \"failed stars. \"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e6b6330ecba46af971a3b351fd697dd",
            "input": "In one work, this thinker used the characters of Theophilius and Philalethe to rebut John Locke. This author of New Essays on Human Understanding claimed that evil was reconcilable with god in Theodicee, in which he claimed that this is the best of all possible worlds. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote the Monadology and invented calculus independent of Isaac Newton.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a6025086cc8942cc98652618824a516b",
            "input": "Their proposed coup was inspired by the example of the Carbonari and Tugendbund. Most of the participants were Army veterans, Freemasons, or members of secret societies such as the Union of Salvation. They demanded the accession of Constantine, but they were quickly suppressed and Nicholas I became tsar. FTP name this 1825 event in Russian history.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb09f45fd9674488b8873ec5ce05dba3",
            "input": "Particle detectors that utilize this effect can emit pulses with widths as low as 10-10 (read: 10 to the minus 10) seconds and can be used in time-of-flight measurements. The angle of emission is related to the speed of light and the index of refraction of the medium, and measuring the angle can determine the particle's speed. Discovered by Frank and Tamm and predicted by its namesake, FTP, identify this effect where a blue light is emitted from a particle when it passes into a medium at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-20c3c4f51dd94bb28a4a46acfb189dad",
            "input": "Anders Angstrom employed this man's namesake resonance theory to conclude that an incandescent gas emits light of the same frequency which it absorbs. He gives his name to a set of polynomials which are functions of the Bernoulli numbers, and to a function which counts all the positive integers less than and relatively prime to the argument. The general equations of motion can be derived from a differential equation named for this man and Langrange. His namesake formula relates trigonometric functions to complex exponentials. FTP, name this mathematician whose namesake constant is the base of the natural logarithm.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-664e2ad7efbb45b58d7c433c2cf23de7",
            "input": "He was a fanatical nationalist, and his writing's complete lack of Western influences emphasized that devotion. He focused on creating images rather than ideas, and his short story \"The House of the Sleeping Beauties\" exemplifies that unique style. His collections, such as Snow Country, The Sound of the Mountain, and Thousand Cranes all have dreamlike qualities and a succint style. FTP name this 1968 Nobel Prize for Literature recipient, the first Japanese author to win that award.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8576ffe91efe4a409754c2f7ef050c22",
            "input": "His real name was Zahiruddin Muhammad. He succeeded his father as sovereign of Fergana and repeatedly tried to take Samarkand, the capital of his Timurid ancestors. He then focused his attention on India, where he won the Battle of Panipat with an army of 21,000 against an army of 100,000, then conquered much of northern India and established his capital at Agra. FTP, name this man, founder of the Mughal dynasty of India and whose name literally means \"The Tiger\".",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90081e379e334da7a9ccfd18aa464900",
            "input": "This man's observation of a bugler accidentally playing a seventh rather than an octave inspired him to include a cadenza for trumpet whose player is instructed not to use valves in his third symphony. One of his compositions calls for a full string orchestra, a separate, smaller string orchestra, and a string quartet, in order to imitate the sound of an organ. His second symphony's finale features a harp imitating the Westminster chimes and depicts a number of other (*) London landmarks. One of his works uses the violin to represent the title bird of a George Meredith poem, while another is based on the Phrygian-mode melody \"Why Fum'th in Fight\", which was written by the composer of Spem in Alium. For 10 points, name this British composer of The Lark Ascending and Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57f375310c97430396dbb8a86659b832",
            "input": "This term has been used to refer to the slaughter of men under Vortigern by Anglo-Saxon mercernaries, as well as for the 1962 sacking of seven Cabinet members by British Prime Minister Harold McMillan. The most famous event of this name was aimed partly as a reaction the Marburg speech of vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen. Kurt von Schleicher and Gustav Ritter von Kahr were other enemies of this events instigator killed by the Gestapo and the SS during it. Centering on the removal of Ernst Rohm and the SA, for 10 points, give the name of this June 1934 purge of the Nazi party.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0bb5f3a5193842bcb3d14033a76a9187",
            "input": "One character in this work marries a woman described as \"reliable as roast mutton. \" Minor characters include Jack and Grace Stepney, who judge the protagonist unfavorably, and the snobbish Mr. and Mrs. Wetherall. The protagonist of this novel is forced to secure a job under Mme. Regina with the help of Carrie Fisher after her check from Mrs. Peniston is delayed. As a result, a social-climbing Jewish banker rescinds his offer to marry the protagonist, who had earlier toyed with the affections of Percy Gryce. The protagonist unwisely trusts her bridge winnings to the manipulative Gus Trenor, but her real troubles stem from the jealous Bertha Dorset, who is responsible for her social demise. The protagonist eventually commits suicide much to the dismay of Lawrence Selden in, for 10 points, what novel about Lily Bart by Edith Wharton",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4cb5a55943dc40e88059f4f2aba8d73a",
            "input": "One variety of this process transforms current to supercurrent and has a crossed version that requires electrons of different spin to exist at each electrode. The power loss that occurs during this process is the subject of the transfer-matrix. This process can be modeled as a microfacet, as in the Oren-Nayer model which takes masking and shadowing into account. The Phong model of this combines the ambient, diffuse and specular constants into one equation. When this process occurs at a boundary, a wave may change phase depending on the index of refraction. For a flat surface, its namesake angle equals the angle of incidence. For 10 points, name this optical phenomenon whose \"total internal\" variety can be used to transmit data long distances.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe6745a5d59a4f35b744af4b64ceb7f4",
            "input": "His piano works include an \"interlude\" dedicated to his friend Jeanne Behrend and a nocturne which pays homage to John Field. His Opus 26 Piano Sonata was commissioned by Irving Berlin and Richard Rodgers, and the premiere was performed by one of the work's principal advocates, Vladimir Horowitz. Horowitz also premiered this man's Excursions for piano, which incorporate boogie-woogie and blues into classical forms. He composed his Second Symphony while serving with the Army Air Corps in World War II, and his other orchestral works include Music for a Scene from Shelley, the Essays for Orchestra, and the Overture to The School for Scandal. FTP, name this American composer of Vanessa, Medea and the Adagio for Strings.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab1719bd959141868715e108c063f7c6",
            "input": "In this work, Mrs. Goddard receives a goose from another character who lives at Abbey-Mill-Farm with her brother Robert. One character in this work must wait to marry until his aunt, Miss Churchill, has died, and Mr. Elton unexpectedly finds a wife in Bath. The title character of this work is rude to Miss Bates, the aunt of Jane Fairfax, and also unsuccessfully attempts to play matchmaker for Harriet Smith. The title character of this novel eventually realizes she loves Mr. Knightley. For 10 points, name this novel about a certain Miss Woodhouse by Jane Austen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6dc950ea1cda432e90a59445627036ec",
            "input": "One leader of this country called himself \"The Prince of Pacification\" and promoted the Hong Duc legal code. That leader was Le Loi. An early independence movement in this country was led by a duo that drowned themselves at the junction of the Day and Red rivers after being defeated by General Ma Yuan. That duo was the Trung Sisters. A portion of this nation was once led by a man who was murdered by ARVN forces in (*) 1963; that leader was Ngo Dinh Diem. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian nation, another portion of which was once led by Ho Chi Minh.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-850aa4c01f2d42c99c6af99875e4a51c",
            "input": "The fourth movement of this work opens with a pulsing triplet figure played by the piano in the upper register, and also contains an extremely slow rendition of Offenbach's \"Can-Can\" from Orpheus in the Underworld. The eighth movement of this work consists of the violins alternating between high and low notes, in loud buzzing tones, and is the shortest movement of this work. In addition to \"Tortoises\" and \"Characters With Long Ears\", this work contains a section in which two pianos play overlapping ostinatos and glissandos in the glass harmonica to depict the stillness of the title location, while the xylophone is used to evoke the noise of bones clacking together in the twelfth movement of this work. For 10 pointsname this work containing the movements \"Aquarium\" and \"Fossils\", as well as \"Introduction and Royal March of the Lion\" and \"The Swan\", a composition by Camille Saint-Saens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10d9a32d0bb846ec887741961ab6cd1a",
            "input": "The volume of a simplex in n dimensions can be given by the Cayley-Menger type of this function, and this function can be generalized to non-square entities using the Cauchy Binet formula. The linear independence of a set of solutions to a differential equation is given by a nonzero value for the Wronskian type of this, and changing variables when integrating a function over its domain involves the use of the Jacobian type of this function. One of these for a two-by-two matrix is used in Cramer's rule to find the solution to a system of two equations. For 10 points, name this scalar function of a square matrix, denoted by single or double bars around a matrix.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-353f32cc33c24001943bca64616706e8",
            "input": "A 2005 study at the SLAC showed the lessening strength of this entity at longer distances. Val Fitch and James Cronin received the Nobel Prize using kaon decay to demonstrate its property of CP violation, and an early theory of it was attempted by Fermi, whose name is sometimes given to its coupling constant. Yang and Lee built upon the experiments of C.S. Wu to show that it violates parity, and the Glashow-Weinberg-Salaam theory unifies it with the electromagnetic force. Mediated by the heavy W and Z gauge bosons, it is capable of changing flavour, and affects all quarks and left-handed leptons. Causing the production of a proton, electron, and anti-neutrino in beta-minus decay, this is, FTP, which fundamental interaction, ten to the fourteenth power less in strength than the strong force",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8daf9c55b8024ddcb728c913cb4ea12f",
            "input": "amalgam of mercury and this element is used in the Emde modification of the Hofmann degradation to reduce quaternary ammonium salts. The splitting of its doublet lines at 588 and 589 nanometers upon the application of a magnetic field was the first observation of the Zeeman effect. An electride complex formed by ammonia, an alcohol, and this element attacks a benzene ring to produce a cyclohexadiene in the Birch reduction. Aldosterone promotes the uptake the of ions of this element in the distal tubules of the kidneys, and 3 atoms of this element are exchanged for 2 atoms of potassium by a namesake \"pump. \" For 10 points, identify this element which produces a bright yellow color in a flame test.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf2d8723bbb74504bba118f175f923ca",
            "input": "In one isothermal version of this technique for protein ligand studies in a calorimeter, a binding\\n polynomial is used to analyze the data. Before fluorescence-activated cell sorting, a version of this\\n technique using serial dilution is performed using the antibody of interest. This technique produces a curve\\n with inflection points for each dissociation equilibrium, which is why polyprotic samples have multiple\\n bumps on said curve. Samples are placed in burets for this procedure, and an indicator like phenolphthalein\\n is used to determine when the equivalence point has been reached. For 10 points, name this chemical\\n procedure which is used to find the concentration of an acid or base in a sample.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fa67ed716364de6925158380ae7318e",
            "input": "This country's military botched Operation Susannah, an effort to plant bombs and blame them on groups in other countries that became known as the Lavon Affair. An uprising against it began in the Jabalia refugee camp in 1987. That was followed by a similar uprising starting in 2000 after disagreements over the 1993 Oslo Accords, which called for this nation to withdraw forces from two territories it controlled and may have led Yigal Amir to assassinate its prime minister. In 1987, the United States convicted Jonathan Pollard for spying for this nation. Prime Minister Menachem Begin [BAY-gin] signed the Camp David Accords with Egypt in 1978. Name this country whose first leader was David Ben-Gurion, and which replaced the British Mandate for Palestine with a Jewish homeland.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eeb29a0cc85440dca216d9dd156c91ab",
            "input": "one story, Hera sent horses belonging to this god all around the earth to threaten any town that would let Leto in to give birth to Apollo and Artemis. One of this god's sons attempted to construct a temple to him made of the skulls and bones of murdered travelers; that son, Cycnus, was killed by Heracles. This god was often accompanied by such figures as Polemos's daughter Alala and the goddess Enyo. Hermes once rescued this god from an urn in which he had been imprisoned by Otus and Ephialtes. Children of this god include Penthesilea, Eros, Phobos, and Deimos. For 10 points, name this Olympian deity, a son of Zeus and Hera, who served as the Greek god of war.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc16928d376c431e98f427651d832e66",
            "input": "In magnetohydrodynamics it determines whether or not a magnetic field will diffuse away or remain frozen in the plasma and its magnetic version is dependent on the velocity and electrical conductivity of a plasma. It is involved in a solution of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation used to approximate the Darcy friction factor and the drag coefficient must be a universal function of it. This quantity is highly dependent on the characteristic length of the region of fluid flow, and is proportional to the ratio of a fluid's inertia to its kinematic viscosity. When this value is low, it corresponds to a smooth, layered flow. For 10 points, identify this dimensionless quantity related to the turbulence of a fluid.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32f571f24baf4e8c8481d81927ddd539",
            "input": "One conflict on this island began with William Shafter landing forces at Siboney and Daiquiri. Forces under Henry Lawton and Joseph Wheeler engaged defenders of this island at El Caney and Las Guasimas. After this island was occupied, its fate was decided by the Platt and Teller amendments. It was the site of another battle in which Leonard Wood charged up (*) San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders. For 10 points, name this island which was plunged into conflict by the explosion of the U.S.S Maine in one of its harbors.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f29b00b0ea1b402bad21900ca0787f1a",
            "input": "Some of these devices use exciplexes [EKS-ih-pleks-es], which are sometimes referred to as excited   dimers [DY-mers], or excimers [EKS-ih-mers]. Those substances disintegrate when they are in the  ground state, which means that a majority of them are in the excited state, a condition known as   population inversion. That population inversion takes place within the gain medium of these devices,  which is typically placed in an optical cavity. Early versions of these devices were monochromatic,  and all of them produce an output that is very coherent. Name these devices capable of producing a  very focused beam of light that can be used to read barcodes or DVDs.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09d55a8292714c33a84e01f43d44aafb",
            "input": "The proteins CDC42 and Rac1 stimulate the formation of structures composed of this protein. Staining of structures containing this protein is typically done with phalloidin derivatives. Lengthening of structures made of this protein is promoted by formin, while its branching is caused by the Arp2/3 complex. This protein's \"barbed end,\" where polymerization typically occurs, can bind to the protein CapZ, which prevents assembly. This protein's binding sites are blocked by tropomyosin bound to the troponin complex within the sarcomere. For 10 points name this protein which is bound to by myosin during muscle contraction, and which makes up the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f71225ea513e428b960527b33eb0c59f",
            "input": "This belief system features village centers of prayer known as retreats or khalwa, with prayer generally obligatory on Friday and Monday evenings. Its adherents may be divided into ignorant material-based members and the initiated spiritual holders of wisdom, or jihhal and uqqal respectively. It preaches seven fundamental pillars and five true and false cosmic parameters, often represented by the five-pointed multicolored star. With a collection of five holy epistles known as the Rasail al-hikmah, they believe that the sixth Fatimid caliph al-Hakim represented the final incarnation of God. FTP, name this religious sect popular in Lebanon and named after al-Darazi.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e0b3aa192f041adb492dc29c49c0ec6",
            "input": "revolt in this city was caused by the working class Cabochiens. Abbo Cernuus provides the only account of the siege of this city in 885, which saw the appearance of Rollo, who later became Robert I of Normandy, command the besieging forces. This Western European city contains a building built to house the Crown of Thorns bought from the Byzantines. In addition to La Sainte-Chapelle, this city saw the Day of the Barricades, forcing Henry III out of this (*) Catholic city. It was extensively renovated under Baron Haussmann. and besieged during the Franco-Prussian War. For 10 points, name this city, the home of the Louvre and capital of France.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37113feebca449b9a8993485e1b31c78",
            "input": "This empire's fortress of Sacsahuaman was built with precisely-fitted stone blocks carried across large distances without wheeled vehicles. This empire absorbed the Chimu civilization, and its records and messages were kept on elaborate knotted strings called quipus. It reached its height under Huayna Capac, and that ruler's decision to divide this empire between Huascar and (*) Atahualpa led to a civil war that weakened this empire shortly before the arrival of Francisco Pizarro. For 10 points, name this South American empire located in present-day Peru.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b8a64a32166044a78df823cda4ade235",
            "input": "A study by Trune and Kempton linked this hormone and prednisolone to autoimmune hearing loss. Spironolactone and eplerenone antagonize receptors for this hormone, and the Captopril suppression test involves muting this hormone's production to investigate its hyperactivation. This hormone is oversecreted in a form of hypertension called Conn's Syndrome, and both this and cortisol are deficient in Addison's disease. By inducing angiotensin secretion, renin indirectly promotes this hormone's release from the zona glomerulosa in a certain feedback system. Its primary purpose is to stimulate ion pumps. For 10 points, name this hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex which promotes the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e087f8c8d016409baa74ec6a22800aec",
            "input": "All the musical themes in this work are introduced in the first 14 measures, which begins in B flat, modulates downward, and returns to B flat abruptly. The inspiration for two paintings by Arthur Dove, it was premiered in a concert that also featured compositions by Zez Confrey and Four Serenades by Victor Herbert, taking place in Aeolian Hall. The use of rubato throughout this work is especially prominent in the so-called \"train theme,\" and it was notably played in the introduction to Woody Allen's Manhattan. This work was orchestrated by the composer of the Grand Canyon Suite, and its success caused Walter Damrosch to commission its composers Concerto in F. Inspired by the rhythmic noises of a train ride to Boston, its signature opening was tailored for Russ Gorman, a member of Paul Whitemans band. Beginning with a wailing clarinet glissando and scored for jazz band and piano, FTP, identify this 1924 composition originally titled American Rhapsody, a work by George Gershwin named for a certain color.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1646043823b04f908ca914bd64d2e738",
            "input": "One member of this phylum is Arbacia punctulata, a model organism commonly studied by developmental biologists because its eggs are transparent. Some members of this phylum can chew through stone with an organ known as \"Aristotle's lantern,\" and members of this phylum have skeletons formed of calcite ossicles. The ampulla and podia make up their (*) tube feet, which, along with the madreporite, are a component of their water vascular system. These deuterostomes exhibit bilateral symmetry in their larvae, in contrast to their radially symmetric adult forms. For 10 points, name this phylum of spiny skinned invertebrates that includes sea cucumbers and sea urchins.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e208a16bf95a44f3b222542df832a3c9",
            "input": "One section of this work describes Lazarus meeting Abraham in heaven, while a rich man calls out from hell. Its preface is a letter to Theophilus, and in the first chapter Zechariah is struck dumb as punishment for incredulity. In another section, the tax superintendant Zacchaeus gives half his possessions to charity. The Good Samaritan and Prodigal Son parables appear only in this book, while its author is traditionally believed to have also written Acts of the Apostles, and is frequently represented by an ox. FTP, identify this third canonical gospel which follows Mark and precedes John.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a3a334b197d4e8a96c5aaa78fba9e91",
            "input": "a seminal early work on this phenomenon, Enrico Morselli cited the findings of the Belgian researcher Adolphe Quetelet. It was analyzed by Ginsberg in 1971 through experiments in Reno, Nevada. It is described as the \"fruit of progress, of education, of civilization\" in a work discussing the reconciliation of \"agrarian feudal social order\" with newly-emerging capitalist industrialism. That work is titled after this \"and the Meaning of Civilizaton\" and was written by Tomas Masaryk, the Czech president who also wrote about this subject as a \"mass phenomenon. \" George Domino created a five-factor \"opinion questionnaire\" related to this phenomenon, which was linked by Masaryk to decline in religious faith. More famously, it was divided into altruistic, egoistic, fatalistic, and anomic types in a work subtitled \"A Study in Sociology. \" FTP, name this subject of a monograph by Emile Durkheim, the act of killing oneself.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e03c4596b9bb4635abca46bd368f42b7",
            "input": "The cliffs in the background are from Port Llegat, while the eyelid in this painting, which is closed and has reddish-blond eyelashes, also appears in a very similar form in another of this artists paintings. The Enigma of My Desire has a similarly-shaped eyelid and introduces the ants in this painting, which later appear in Retrospective Bust of a Woman but here scatter across a dark red object, the only one in this painting to have a rigid face. A later version of this piece, titled [this] revisited, shows a similar scene but under water. A branch, a barren plain, and four clocks are prominent objects in, for ten points, this 1931 painting by Salvador Dali.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58b441b456ae4e0497e6224cc461ed04",
            "input": "This artists work The Prodigal Son reflects his Cubist period, while a so-called totemic period is represented by the wood pieces Adam and Eve and King of Kings, designed for his planned Temple of Meditation. Margit Pogany modeled for the marble abstracted from a woman craning her neck to look in a mirror, Princess X, while Rene Frachon is depicted in the Muse and Sleeping Muse series. For ten points, name this sculptor of the limestone The Kiss and the metallic series of Birds in Space who walked to Paris from Romania to begin his art career.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-429525f61aff438aa9b21f6faa179290",
            "input": "The first to liquefy chlorine, this scientist's namesake rotator is useful in optical isolators. He discovered and named \"diamagnetism\" prior to his work in electrochemistry, where his namesake constant gives the number of coulombs in a mole of electrons. He had to take five years off in the early 1840s due to headaches that may have been caused by mercury poisoning, but he came roaring back and gave an 1846 lecture on \"Ray Vibrations\" that became the basis for Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light. The discoverer of benzene, he argued that equal currents gave rise to equal amounts of decomposition, which summarizes his first law of electrolysis. FTP, name this British scientist, best known for his work in physics indicating that a change in magnetic flux induces an electromotive force.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-64d426cc243248deaa4989e97b30ba69",
            "input": "This author's protagonists include a boy traveling to Jersey who discovers his Uncle Jules opening oysters, and a country farmer who is accused of stealing a pocketbook. He wrote about the amoral editor George Duroy, who manipulates his way to the top of French society, in his novel Bel Ami. This author of \"La Horla\" also wrote a short story about the prostitute Elizabeth Rousset, who is forced to sleep with a Prussian officer after being trapped in Ttes. Best known for a short story about Mathilde Loisel, who discovers that the title piece of jewelry is fake after losing it at a party, FTP, name this French author of \"Ball of Fat\" and \"The Necklace. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-274f3647e72b499e804f88d9009bf9d0",
            "input": "This battle was preceded by the largest cavalry engagement in U.S. history, the Battle of Brandy Station, and it was also preceded by the resignation of General Joseph Hooker. One force that saw action at this battle was the 20th Maine, which was led by Joshua Chamberlain and fought at Little Round Top. An attack during this battle failed to take Cemetery Ridge and was known as Pickett's Charge. For 10 points, name this 1863 Civil War battle that inspired a namesake \"\"Address\"\" by Lincoln.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b9e789a70614871bb1261d92c38dec0",
            "input": "This man's grandfather, Acrisius (uh-CRISS-ee-us), locked up this man's mother in a bronze tower, although she was eventually impregnated by Zeus in the form of gold. This son of Danae (duh-NAY-uh) was able to obtain valuable information after stealing the one tooth and eye shared among the Graeae (GRAY-eye). This man rescued Andromeda and used winged sandals and the cap of Hades (HAY-dees) in another task. For 10 points, name this mythological hero who used a reflecting shield to kill Medusa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8647f5323c148eeafa552a885a7099d",
            "input": "In a reversible process, the change in this quantity for an ideal gas equals Cp times the log of the temperature ratio minus R times the log of the pressure ratio. Maxwell's relations relate the first partial derivatives of pressure, volume, temperature, and this quantity. For a reservoir absorbing heat, the change in this quantity equals the heat divided by the temperature of the reservoir. It is multiplied by temperature in a formula for Helmholtz free energy, and lost work can be attributed to increases in this quantity, which occurs for every spontaneous process according to the second law of thermodynamics. For 10 points, name this measurement of disorder symbolized S.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31ff414bf6db4324ba9152d93b86d83f",
            "input": "One of his attendants was represented by an oxen, and another was the god of water, and represented by a snake. Vohu Manah and Haurvatat, together with Asha, Kshathra, Armaiti, and Ameretat, were called the Amesha Spentas, who opposed the Daevas. His father, Zurvan, was a deity of space, time, and fate, and his son, Atar, battled a dragon, Azhi Dahaka, that cut Zima in half with a saw. Called Ormazdh in the religion's contemporary form, it was Vohu Manah who appeared to a certain prophet near the Daitya River, invited him to come to heaven, and inspired him to compose the Gathas, part of the Avesta. FTP, name this god, the counterpart of Ahriman, the embodiment of good, and the supreme deity in Zoroastrianism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bedaf7e5c1d24749bc6a61dce4b74418",
            "input": "He turned away from novels for several years, publishing East, West, a book of short stories, and his travel narrative in a dangerous Nicaragua, The Jaguar Smile. Professor Malik Solanka travels the globe in his novel Fury, and he chronicles Flapping Eagle's quest to regain his mortality in Grimus. The world of rock and roll provides the frame for The Ground Beneath her Feet, but is for a novel about Shiva and Saleem Sinai that he first received acclaim. FTP, name this Indian author of Midnight's Children and the much more controversial The Satanic Verses.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04d4a00e17e8410799ae7a87dbd66390",
            "input": "This thinker discusses the truth of the phrase \"the golden mountain does not exist\" in a work that criticizes Alexius Meinong for his belief an object could exist that is both round and not round. He distinguished between \"knowledge by description\" and \"knowledge by acquaintance\" in his book The Problems of Philosophy. He argues definite descriptions are \"incomplete symbols\" while discussing the phrase \"The present king of France is bald\" in his essay \"On Denoting.\" This author of Why I'm Not a Christian wrote a work, which tries to resolve his namesake paradox that \"the set of all sets must contain itself.\" For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica with Albert North Whitehead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d356898caf344580b31d83fc5e5673ef",
            "input": "Nogai, a general and effective leader of this polity, sent 4,000 troops to Michael VIII Palaiologos to help fight the despot of Thessaly. This polity's founder sent very threatening messages to Bela IV before invading and winning at the Battle of Mohi, followed by slaughtering a quarter of Hungary's population. It reached its height under Uzbek. A later leader of this polity and Vytautas the Great of Lithuania lost the Battle of Vorskla River after trying to regain his throne. Its leader Berke fought against the man who sacked Baghdad, Hulagu, but more famously, its leader Tokhtamysh lost to Tamerlane its capital of Sarai, a place where tribute was paid by people like Alexander Nevsky. For 10 points, name this polity founded by Batu Khan, which was composed of the Blue and White Hordes and supposedly named for a certain colored tent.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f190065b62c048559299b1ef87d3ee7a",
            "input": "Most recently Mary Brogger created a bronze monument to this event, while a streetcar driver intentionally crashed his vehicle into one of the first monuments to this event, created by Johannes Gelert. William Seliger turned state's evidence in the aftermath of this event, and much later Albert Weinert created a monument to this event at Waldheim. August (*) Spies spoke from an open wagon immediately prior to this event. Eight police officers died, leading to the trial of eight anarchists, none of whom had thrown the bomb that led to the police officers' deaths near the McCormick plant. For 10 points, name this 1886 demonstration of striking workers in Chicago.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed8419493eb5444383329eb330a4ed9a",
            "input": "One character in this novel, Adele Ratignolle, urges the protagonist to care for her children above all else. Another character in this novel, the piano playing Mademoiselle Reitz helps the protagonist sort of her feelings for another character, who has left Grand Isle for Mexico. Despite being married to her husband Leonce, the protagonist of this novel develops romantic feelings for Alcee Arobin and Robert Lebrun before drowning herself by walking into the Gulf of Mexico. For 10 points, identify this novel about Edna Pontellier by Kate Chopin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b0c25ac3f404bedb990322edfb1ad85",
            "input": "According to the Nemesis hypothesis most of its contents would be swept out. The two most accepted models of its origin, the Safronov and Cameron ones, were both offered in the 1970s well after its proposal in 1950. Its hypothesis was based on two observations: first, the inclinations of LPC's show a random distribution, and second, a histogram plot of the aphelia [APP-heel-ya] of observed LPC's shows peaks at 10,000 AU and 50,000 AU. FTP, name this area in the outer reaches of the solar system that is the source of long period comets as hypothesized by its namesake Dutch astronomer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1af879951c9e4bfe8064a3aec5ebb90f",
            "input": "W.H. Auden's long poem \"The Sea and the Mirror\" is subtitled \"a commentary\" on this work. In this play, two drunkards named Stephano and Trinculo bribe one character with clothing from a stolen suitcase. The witch Sycorax sired one character in this play, which also includes a spirit who conjures visions of gods. (*) Ariel and Caliban appear in this play, in which Miranda is the daughter of a former duke who can perform magic. For 10 points, name this play in which Prospero conjures the title storm in an attempt to regain the Duchy of Milan, written by Shakespeare.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19691f3ae5ab4de8950a23de6bbe5775",
            "input": "One outstanding article from this agreement that had failed to be ratified dealt with trade in the West Indies. Less notable results from this agreement include the prohibition of outfitting enemies of one signatorys privateers, while a more notable result was compensation for depredation against American shipping. France held that it violated a 1778 agreement, which led to undeclared naval war. The British agreed to evacuate the Northwest Territory, and the Americans agreed to provide for the payment of Pre-Revolution America and Great Britain. For ten points, identify this unpopular treaty, named for the author of some of the Federalist Papers and a Chief Justice.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03c3f38a48e74c8c8b1a1b0cfc445600",
            "input": "This man referred to Anabaptists as \"yucokonoi\" in the preface to a work refuting the idea of \"soul sleep.\" This author of Psychopannychia explained his theological views in Institutes of the Christian Religion. He denounced Michael Servetus and mentored John Knox while heading the church of a city to which he returned five years after being expelled and going to Strasbourg. For 10 points, name this French minister led the Protestant Reformation in Geneva, where he preached the doctrine of predestination.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2202b4c29b1941c59d0d200fe448150d",
            "input": "The Ki Teitzel and Ki Tavo represent two of the weekly reading portions prescribed for this book. Along with the Book of Numbers this text in Chapter twenty-two commands the wearing of twisted threads known as Tzitzit, and some suggest that its primary redaction occurred during the reforms of King Josiah. Chapter two of this notes that Zamzummims, or giants, once existed among the children of Ammon, but God killed them all, and it warns the Israelites not to harm the Ammonites. Chapter Six verse four of this states, \"Hear, O Israel: the Lord is our god, the Lord is one,\" which constitutes the Shema. Known as the Devarim in the Hebrew Bible and with a name derived from the Greek for \"second law,\" for 10 points, name this fifth book of the Old Testament.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f96e20497db40a0a3c75f9fe1f5ecc5",
            "input": "One of its later rulers effectively started ruling it after defeating a leader allied with Vytautus. One leader of this polity was defeated at the Battle of Kulikovo, while another ruler of it was assassinated after conquering Tabriz. In addition to Egidu, Mamai, and Jani Beg, one of its leaders sacked Moscow in 1382, and was named Tokhtamysh. The earlier military leadership of the general Subedei had helped it gain land along the Volga, though it was dealt a major blow when its capital Sarai Berke was sacked by Tamarlane in 1395. Originally consisting of Blue and White components, for 10 points, name this khanate first established under Batu Khan, perhaps named for the color of Batu's tent.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-564f4538101c41889fba453ba64f64d6",
            "input": "A paper he wrote about the geometrical representation of a certain kind of property by means of surfaces so excited Maxwell that he made a model illustrating the method. During the early 1880s, this man worked on a modification of the quaternion which he thought could be adapted into a new system of vector analysis, but it had little impact. He developed an \"electrical theory of light\" which presumed that light is a disturbance propagating through relatively fine-grained media, while his last work was a treatise on Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics which he completed a year before his death in 1903. His greatest discovery was popularized by the Dutch scientist who experimentally confirmed it, Hendrik Roozeboom. His most famous work was translated by Le Chatelier and Ostwald, and established a basis for the theory of the thermodynamic properties of heterogenous substances. FTP, name this founder of physical chemistry, an American scientist known for his namesake phase rule.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-087679571e5543c99a032c074d58819b",
            "input": "He loved animals so much that he kept a brood of white mice in a drawer in his first Paris studio. The artist had a billy goat in southern France, but it lost favor after developing a penchant for butting his son Claude. Despite this, animals were not frequently depicted in his early oeuvre, but did become more prevalent in such later works as 1944's Man with Sheep and 1950's She-Goat. FTP, name this eventually Cubist painter, who depicted at least parts of animals in his most famous painting, 1937's Guernica.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2e34165d499439ca53b9d87e52ef815",
            "input": "This composer wrote a ballet about seven buffoons who kill their wives after a mysterious man tells them he will bring them back to life with a magic whip. This composer of The Steel Step and Chout wrote the score for a ballet that includes an intense duet with \"the Siren\" based on a parable from the gospel of Luke. Another ballet's third act centers around three galops performed by the Prince before he recognizes the title character. In addition to The Prodigal Son, he composed a ballet featuring the \"Dance of the Knights\" and a famous dance by Queen Mab whose first act \"Gavotte\" is based on a theme from his Classical Symphony. For 10 points, name this Russian composer who wrote the ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet, as well as Peter and the Wolf.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3a7632e6ea74993b0a2900effce98b6",
            "input": "This poet asked his wife for forgiveness in their old age in his three-volume work \"\"Asphodel, That Greeny Flower. \"\" Another work of his personifies a city which \"\"lives in the shadow of Passaic Falls. \"\" This author of Paterson claimed \"\"no ideas but in things,\"\" a maxim borne out by poems which describe the title object \"\"glazed with rainwater beside the white (*) chickens\"\" and apologize for eating \"\"the plums that were in the icebox. \"\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"\"The Red Wheelbarrow\"\" and \"\"This Is Just To Say. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1201583c708d485f9196bd5533d56fa7",
            "input": "of this composer's piano pieces is a sixty two-bar long opening to his Morceaux de Fantaisie. This composer set orthodox hymns in his All-Night Vigil, and he based another work on a Konstantin Balmont translation. He also composed a tone poem that opens by musically symbolizing the rowing of oars and later incorporates the Dies Irae to depict Charon; that work was inspired by an Arnold Bocklin painting. This composer of the Prelude in C Sharp Minor, The Bells, and The Isle of the Dead also wrote a piece that is based on the twenty-fourth caprice of a namesake Italian violin virtuoso. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f73c77c1a9a546a69ba863417f2b90e3",
            "input": "The finale of this man's third symphony sets a text by Kirsanov to music, praising May Day and the revolution. In one of this man's ballets, Lyonka hates working at a factory and plans to sabotage the machinery by putting a namesake \"bolt\" in it. This composer's thirteenth symphony sets Yevtushenko's poetry to music to denounce anti- semitism. His seventh symphony, written in C major, was initially dedicated to the first communist leader of the USSR, and then to a city named after that man. For 10 points, name this Soviet-era Russian composer of the Babi-Yar  and Leningrad  symphonies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71f6cc3b4816422092f2825107c2e86b",
            "input": "The Debye-Sears effect concerns materials exhibiting this effect that are placed in a liquid and vibrated at a fixed frequency, in which they set up acoustic waves. Trigonal crystals exhibiting it are especially useful in the eponymous oscillator. The reverse version of the effect is also useful, and occurs when a potential difference is applied to materials that exhibit it, such as barium titanate, Rochelle salts, and quartz. FTP, what is this effect, the generation of a potential difference in certain non-conducting crystals that are subjected to stress",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fbaf6ff1335406eb4899f2ae66948ab",
            "input": "This composer reworked the music for the ballet Ala i Lolli into his Scythian Suite, while he composed a Symphony-Concerto for Mstislav Rostropovich, inspiring a similar work by Shostakovich. A poem by Balmont inspired his Visions Fugitive set for piano, while Valery Bryusovs novel The Fiery Angel was the basis of his opera of the same name. The March is the most famous section of his opera The Love for Three Oranges, while the Troika is the fourth movement of his Lieutenant Kije Suite. Better known for the opera War and Peace and his ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet, this is, FTP, which this Russian composer of Peter and the Wolf",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-897f89b798764a8297341b6b9d54e044",
            "input": "In yeast, Pot1 has been found to be critical to their stability, and the malfunction of these structures can result in ataxia telangiectasia. SIR2, SIR3 and SIR4At the end of each one of these is a complex including TIN1, TIN2, and POT1 known as the shelterin complex and includes the T-loop, and when they are compromised, their namesake dysfunction-induced foci are created. In yeast, they are regulated by the Rap1 protein, while in humans, they are regulated by TRF1. The number of times a cell may divide before these become critical is the Hayflick limit, and they are distinguished from double-strand breaks by protecting against non-homologous end joining in the \"capping\" process. For 10 points, name these sequences, which in vertebrates are repetitions of TTAGGG, that protect the ends of chromosomes from destruction during replication.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-954b59182a5f468c8cfc1d60845ffc0c",
            "input": "In 2012, a circular feature was discovered on this body and nicknamed a \"Hot Cross Bun\" by NASA for the similarity of its cracks to those formed by uplift from baking. One feature on this body is a reflective region known as Xanadu, while Ganesa Macula and Sotra Facula may be sites of (*) cryovolcanism. The reflection of extremely low frequency radio waves from it may be an indication of an interior sea. This moon is home to Ontario Lacas, discovered to be a hydrocarbon lake by the Cassini-Huygens mission. An indicator of life on this body is the presence of higher concentrations of hydrogen in this body's upper atmosphere than in its lower atmosphere. For 10 points, name this only satellite with a dense atmosphere, the largest moon of Saturn.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2de4393b1dea4b6da519caa5b991b554",
            "input": "One of this man's sons married Hipponome, with whom he fathered Amphitryon, and besides Alcaeus his children included Autochthone and Sthenelus. While riding over Libya, this man created some serpents that later killed Mopsus. This figure traded kingdoms with Megapenthes, giving him control over Tiryns, and this man killed another figure at Teutamides' funeral games with a discus. He founded the kingdom of Mycenae after finding a mushroom, and during his most famous action analyzed a mural at Deicterion. This figure's adoptive father asked for a horse in order to woo Hippodamia. That figure was the king of Seriphos, Polydectes. This figure obtained magical items from the Stygian nymphs, and during his quest fell in love with the daughter of Casseopia and Cepheus and killed the monster Ceto. Washing up on land in a chest with his mother Danae, FTP, name this mythological figure who used a cap of invisibility, a pair of winged sandals, and a mirrored shield to kill Medusa, the husband of Andromeda.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-41ec5b85a9724b9a9be0d847ffad8cb8",
            "input": "This mans father died at the Battle of Coronea after distinguishing himself in the Battle of Artemisium. When he was wounded at Potidaea, his chum Socrates came to his aid. Later, while this man was assisting Thrasybulus at Phocaea, Antiochus disobeyed his command to not attack, leading to the destruction of his fleet at Notium by Lysander and this mans subsequent self-imposed exile to Thrace. He advocated prolonging the Peloponnesian War to Tissaphernes, a Persian satrap, and he argued against Nicias in favor of a war against Selinus in support of the Segestans. However, he was recalled from the Sicilian Expedition to stand trial, but he escaped with his crew during the return voyage to Athens and instead joined the Spartan cause. FTP, name this Athenian general who switched allegiances a lot.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0eae66bae4de43d4abe14186196f0def",
            "input": "woman borrows the title object then loses it, forcing her and her husband into poverty. For 15 points name this Guy de Maupassant.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a98f5a1309ec4cf18c6d75e3ebfa05b4",
            "input": "The death of Grischa, who never appears onstage, catalyzes the events of this play. One of the characters turns down a lucrative position at a bank in favor of a life spent munching candy and contemplating imaginary billiards shots. Another, the protagonist's neighbor, is constantly in debt and sells his land to clay miners. The servant Dunyasha hopes to marry Yasha but is threatened with betrothal to Simple Simon. The tutor Trofimov is in love with the daughter of the central character, whose governess Charlotte does magic tricks at the ball in Act 3. That ball is eventually crashed by Lopakhin, who announces he has bought the title estate at auction from Madame Ranevskaya. FTP name this play by Anton Chekhov, whose title entity is eventually cut down.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0eac1787a1ed4da8a65b74e06bbf8aeb",
            "input": "One scene reveals the heroine, accompanied by her lapdog, Shock, triumphing over the Baron in a game of ombre. However, despite the protection of the Sylph Ariel, the Baron perpetrates the titular act, and chaos ensues, aggravated by the Gnome Umbriel. After lamentations and an epic battle fought with a bodkin, the title object is made into a constellation that \"the Muse shall consecrate to fame, and 'midst the stars inscribe Belinda's name. \"  Describing \"what dire offense from amorous causes springs, what mighty contests rise from trivial things...\", FTP, what is this famous five canto mock epic by Alexander Pope",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b030f6b3422f466c93928fcfebdf4bfe",
            "input": "This man defined the three types of furniture to be type-needs, human-limb, and type-furniture in his book The Decorative Art of Today, and he designed a set of tubular steel chairs for the Maison la Roche. He used the ideas of the Vitruvian man and the golden mean in his Modulor system, exemplified in the Villa Garche. Father Courtier sponsored his priory at La Tourette and his Notre Dame du Haut. The five points he outlined in Towards A New Architecture were put into practice in the piloti-supported Villa Savoye. For 10 points, name this modern architect, a Swiss/French proponent of the International School.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34bd3613556e4c51be9740d0d80e140b",
            "input": "The intent of the Federal advance in this battle was to seize the Memphis & Charleston Railroad. The Union counterattack was led by Major General Lewis Wallace on April 7, against which Beauregard managed a tenacious defense. Beginning when Confederate forces launched an offense attempting to push the Union, led by Grant, into the swamps at Owl Creek, the Confederate flank attack was stalled at Sarah Bell's peach orchard and the \"hornet's nest,\" during which General A. S. Johnston was killed. FTP, identify this early battle of the Civil War that took place at Pittsburg Landing.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1ec8cf1b8eaa4d128519657af6e5f2c4",
            "input": "In 1948, by officially including it in his platform, Daniel F. Malan was able to bring his party to power for the first time. Put in place with the Population Registration and Group Areas Acts of 1950 its initial focus was on urban areas. It became harsher during Hendrik Verwoerd's prime ministership with the creation of ten Bantustan \"homelands. \"  It resulted in the Soweto riots, the massacre at Sharpeville, and the life sentence of Nelson Mandela. FTP, identify this policy of racial segregation in South Africa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47c08dc411584e17ae7b13cd7efa7b7f",
            "input": "Sandra Lauderdale Graham's book House and Street examines 19th-century labor practices in this city. One neighborhood in this city lies on the banks of the Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon. Another neighborhood here has a name that means \"like a rattle\" in Tupi; that neighborhood, (*) Maracana, is home to this city's major stadium. Cariocas are natives of this city, which is overlooked by mountains called the Sugarloaf and the Hunchback. The latter, or  Corcovado, is home to a giant statue of Christ the Redeemer. For 10 points, name this city on Guanabara Bay which was replaced by Brasilia as its nation's capital, the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db9934fabbcd464b8c374e2d4fa9a9db",
            "input": "One of this artist's works was called a \"page of history\" by Georges Riviere, who along with Frank Lamy and Norbert Goeneutte appear in that painting. In a painting by this man located at the Phillips Collection, a pink and white awning covers the central group. This painter depicted a woman in a blue and yellow dress enjoying a ball at the Butte Montmartre. This artist is best known for a portrayal of Gustave Caillebotte wearing a straw hat and sitting among friends enjoying fruit and wine on the Seine. For 10 points, name this French Impressionist artist of Dance at the Moulin de la Galette and Luncheon of the Boating Party.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ada4268ceff4e85a2251be43560c2ca",
            "input": "In this painting, a dwarf-like boy holding a large powder horn runs off to the left, while a man holding a lance stands in the background. An old man looks down while blowing gunpowder out of his gun, and a red musketeer reloads his rifle to the left. A dog barks at a drummer in the lower right, and an upside-down chicken hangs from the girdle of a golden girl. The two central figures are highlighted by a double-spotlight, and in spite of its title, this painting depicts a daytime scene. For 10 points, name this painting depicting a company of soldiers by Rembrandt van Rijn.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-75a423c1b52f4a37b49ba6e54ff0c60b",
            "input": "In the body, a reaction that uses the enzyme arginase produces both ornithine and this product in a process that has a citrulline intermediate. Birds and reptile produce a similar acidified form of this compound which is excreted as a white mass. Sometimes known as carbamide, it contains two amino groups bonded to a central carbonyl group and was produced by Friedrich Wohler (VUH-ler) in a reaction that showed that organic compounds could be produced from simple starting ingredients. For 10 points, name this compound found in mammalian urine.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c18bac2067947dabbfd969cc288559f",
            "input": "A plot named for this man contains a line graph representing the partial sum of an underlying bar graph. In Cours d'conomie politique, he introduced a namesake law describing income distribution. He suggested replacing the term \"utility\" with \"ophelimity,\" and his namesake distribution has the heavy-tailed property. He claimed that \"residue\" and \"derivation\" cause human action, and discussed the (*) \"circulation of elites,\" in Mind and Society, and in Manual of Political Economy, he introduced indifference curves. For 10 points, identify this Italian economist, who names a situation where no person can better themselves without worsening someone else, his namesake optimum.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-481646a1f10240c9861e276564c9eaee",
            "input": "This composer included an allegretto quasi menuetto second movement in his 1st Sonata for Cello and used stanzas from Goethe's Harzreise im Winter for his Alto Rhapsody. This creator of Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel wrote a first symphony sometimes called \"\"Beethoven's Tenth. \"\" He used the text of Luther's translation of the Bible for a choral work written after the death of his mother, the (*) German Requiem. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Academic Festival Overture, and a famous Lullaby.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f205a010dc1c48de964d327b65edbfee",
            "input": "The spherical helix is the tangent indicatrix of a curve of constant this. A relativistic form of it occurs for bound electrons due to their being in non-inertial frames and is named for Thomas. Vector quantities generally undergo this phenomenon when orthogonal to their time derivatives. A second-order type of this motion is called nutation. Analysis of the best-known type of it requires the understanding that the torque due to gravity is the time derivative of the angular velocity. FTP, name this physical phenomenon, a periodic change axial direction of a rotating object, exhibited by gyroscopes and spinning tops.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8084d82f9b7743a688281785a3fde212",
            "input": "The \"paper son\" scheme was used to bypass this law, which was extended for ten years by the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. Repealed by the Magnuson Act during World War II, a side effect of it was the Webb Alien Land Law. Denis Kearney, the head of the Workingmen's Party of California, was one of its chief proponents, and Benjamin Harrison opposed it because he believed that it violated the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. For 10 points, name this 1882 law that restricted immigration to the United States from a certain Asian country.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3918306178a40e99460a85df5204abc",
            "input": "This author wrote an essay attacking the German railroad industry, noting that a Vanderbilt should step in and reform the system. That essay ends by saying \"it is the greatest folly of which a man can be capable, to sit down with a slate and pencil to plan out a new social world. \" Besides The Absurd Effort to Make the World Over, one of his essays attacks the \"ecclesiastical prejudice in favor of the poor and against the rich,\" while another essay urges that attention be turned away from the poor \"goodfornothing\" and instead towards the \"productive force. \" That essay describes the namesake individual as a commonplace man who carries society's burdens. Besides What Social Classes Owe to Each Other and The Forgotten Man, his best known work features the subtitle a study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals and describes the title behavioral norms. For 10 points, name this American sociologist, the author of Folkways.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab206a246dbd4d378432bea363a75c08",
            "input": "This property diverges in metals with magnetic impurities as the temperature tends to absolute zero, an example of asymptotic freedom known as the Kondo effect. The von Klitzing constant observed in the quantum Hall effect takes the units of this electrical property, and allows for it to be measured extremely precisely. A braided Litz wire must be used to counter this property's increase in AC circuits due to the skin effect. In AC circuits, this is the real quantity added to the reactance to calculate the impedance. For 10 points, name this electrical property whose SI unit is the ohm, which measures a circuit element's opposition to the passage of current.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-026543903fc6487fb33a9e3837261e00",
            "input": "The laws of this province were revised by Tiberius Julius Alexander. While in this province dealing with Lucius Domitius Domitianus, Diocletian's horse tripped, prompting the emperor not to level its largest city. In 19 CE, Tiberius censured Germanicus for an unauthorized trip to this province. A ruler of this province named Petronius led a punitive expedition against a one-eyed queen named Candace. The first governor of this home province of Saint (*) Clement wrote poetry addressed to Lycoris before ultimately committing suicide; that man was named Gaius Cornelius Gallus. It effectively came under Roman control following a victory for Marcus Agrippa in 31 BCE. For 10 points, name this Roman province established after the Battle of Actium when Mark Antony and Cleopatra were defeated.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a44365649144179b40f0706c5c004a4",
            "input": "An offshoot of this faith known as the Azali was considered the true belief system by E. G. Browne, a 19th and 20th century authority on many of its writings. Two martyrs for this religion were eulogized as the \"Twin Shining Lights\" in a text written to the son of Aga Najafi, also called the \"wolf\" by this religion's founder. The dogmas of this religion can be summarized as unity of God, unity of humanity, and unity of religion, and several other key tenets are found in its holy book, the Kitab-i-Aqdas. Shoghi Effendi served as \"Guardian\" of this faith during the 20th century, and it was founded by a man whose name translates to Glory of God and who took on the mantle and adopted many of the teachings of the Bab. For 10 points, name this Persian religion founded by Baha'ullah.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-442468d6f63246a0ba73510e07a10360",
            "input": "In one work by this writer, a farmer flies to heaven on a monstrous dung-beetle and later frees the goddess Peace from a pit. One work by this writer begins with a man complaining about the debts that his son's horse obsession has racked up and concludes with the burning down of the Socrates's \"Thinkery.\" In another work by this playwright, Peisthetaerus works with the title avians to build a city between heaven and earth, Cloud-Cuckoo Land. For 10 points, name this Athenian comedic playwright of The Clouds and The Birds.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b094e1c14eff43e3b2d559c415e0ca12",
            "input": "Traditionally, this country's first ruler is considered to be Fa Ngum, who established the Lan Xang kingdom. Coups in this country were led by Kong Le and Phoumi Nosavan, who both opposed the governments of Souvanna Phouma. A group in this country that opposed the use of phu nyai or \"big man\"  politics was Hak Xat. The former RLG member Thongthip Rathanavilai wrote Man in the Region of Death about prison camps in this country. With the aid of the Viet Minh, Prince Souphanuvong led a group that overthrew a US-backed government of this country that was centered in Vientiane. It is not Cambodia, but the Ho Chi Minh trail ran through this country. For 10 points, in 1975 a namesake Communist Pathet party gained control of what country",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e06e249679ac437c95703c073f8b1973",
            "input": "The uppermost image in this painting is the cross which adorns the church at the top. A small red hat adorns the green man on the right of this canvas. The grape-bunch-like tree in the central-bottom part of the painting is a symbol of life, and the farmer and cow looking at each other in the foreground represent the give and take of agricultural life. In the distance, a man with a hoe walks along a road along with an upside down woman fiddling. Name, for 10 points, this 1911 work combining French surrealist technique with Yiddish folk themes by Marc Chagall.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb284003b150483e8e0f9e9dbf689813",
            "input": "Two of its leaders, David Bradford and John Mitchell, were convicted of treason, but each received a presidential pardon. Among its causes were the predominance of absentee landlords, a lack of protection from Indians, and the absence of federal courts; the revolt began when a mob of farmers told a local tax collector to leave the state, leading to an armed confrontation. When Governor Thomas Mifflin refused to become involved,  President Washington called up 13,000 militiamen to end the uprising. FTP, name this 1794 revolt that erupted in Washington County, Pennsylvania, to protest a new excise tax on distilleries.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac7327e3e8ba4ac9b724b2cc93379733",
            "input": "Milly reenacts this historical event at a sociable around Thanksgiving to help the Pontipees in a short story by Stephen Vincent Benet, while it is also recreated by Wilfrid and Claude, thanks to the teachings of Lady Carlotta, in Sakis The Schartz-Metterklume Method. A sculpture representing this event was created by Giambologna, while paintings that do so include those by Schnfeld and Rubens. Jacques-Louis David painted this event from the other perspective with the Tarpeian Rock in the background and Hersilia hoping to reconcile the two parties, while Poussin created two paintings with Romulus clad in red. According to Livy, Romulus offered the captives property rights after, FTP, which historical event where the Romans ran off with others wives during a festival",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a1c5f5bbd444405a5adf84e0426e50c",
            "input": "This functional group can be oxidized by peroxycarboxylic acids to form oxiranes, or epoxides. The addition of cold, dilute, aqueous potassium permanganate also oxidizes them, to produce 1,2 diols, while hot, basic potassium permanganate causes cleavage to two molar equivalents of carboxylic acids. Under acidic conditions, adding water to them yields an alcohol, whereas alcohols or alkyl halides can undergo elimination reactions to form them. FTP, identify this hydrocarbon, also known as an olefin, which is characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf4699dc37ad4387bf731f3cf40ff068",
            "input": "A malfunction in CFTR's uptake of sugar groups at this site is a primary mutation associated with cystic fibrosis. It recognizes and designates destination based on the presence of a hydrophobic signal sequence or signal recognition particle. Enclosing a sac known as the lumen, this structure was once known as the gastroplasm. It consists of two phospholipid bilayers and the presence of ribosomes differentiates its two types. FTP, name this transport network within the cytoplasm, divided into smooth and rough varieties.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-976343f4cea4425999041db06b495884",
            "input": "Shortly before the composition of this piece, the composer was diagnosed with having a valvular malformation of the heart, and his eldest daughter \"Putzi\" had earlier died of scarlet fever. Unlike a normal symphony, it contains six movements including The Farewell, Drunk in Spring, and Autumn Loneliness, all of which contain voice parts. Its composer was prompted to write it after his discovery of Hans Bethge's The Chinese Flute, a collection of poems adapted from the original Chinese. FTP name this piece, which Gustav Mahler did not call a symphony because it would have been his ninth.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d2cd6a4e7ce4c30a0e07d434d0618c3",
            "input": "In physics, this term refers to an even-dimensional system of differential equations in which the generalized momenta are proportional to the derivative of a certain function with respect to the generalized velocities, and vice versa. This adjective describes a non-abelian group whose subgroups are self-conjugate. The Bondy-Chvatal theorem and the Dirac theorem both give conditions necessary for a graph to be described by this word, while an operator named by this word is the Legendre transform of the Lagrangian. For ten points, identify this word which in physics describes an operator that is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies and in computer science a path on a graph which visits every vertex exactly once.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc24c8f035804999aa7f339ef09bf2a1",
            "input": "Estranged from his corporate lawyer father and his mother, things have not been the same since his brother Allie died of leukemia. His older brother D.B., is a writer in Hollywood but became a prostitute, and his younger sister Phoebe is ten. He lives with roommate Stradlater who has been going out with his childhood friend Jane Galangher. FTP, name this 16-year-old main character who returns home to New York City after being kicked out of Pencey Prep in a book by J. D. Salinger.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44394ff42db34d8c860c38394e01a8b3",
            "input": "Its introduction includes a dedication, \"for Rachel,\" and the lines, \"The phonograph of hades in the brain / are tunnels that rewind themselves;\" One of the pieces, \"Ave Maria,\" is written entirely in Latin and is addressed to Seneca, while \"Quaker Hill,\" contains remarks to Isadora Duncan and Emily Dickinson. Its second most famous poem might be \"Cape Hatteras,\" which is directed toward Walt Whitman, however this 1930 collection is primarily known for the opening poem, dedicated to a New York landmark. FTP, identify this best-known work of Hart Crane.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7eb68b3f267483780edd477286f245f",
            "input": "Symbols in this painting include a pair of discarded clogs and a chandelier with one lit candle. In the middle of this painting, a feather duster and a beaded chain flank the artist's signature, which is above a circular mirror. A dog sits near this painting's two human figures, one of whom wears a green dress as she holds the hand of her suitor. (*) For 10 points, name this painting of a married couple by Jan van Eyck [yan van \"ike\"].",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e4ccb9764654330abd0cefe7720fdff",
            "input": "The Hooded Man and the unnamed son of the Elderly Woman are in prison in one of this man's plays, while another play by this author ends with Deborah claiming that her parents are on a cruise to Bangkok with Estelle, though they are actually dead. This author of Mountain Language and A Kind of Alaska created a play consisting entirely of a dialogue between a minicab Controller and a Driver, and one in which Rebecca calls Devlin a \"fuckpig\" after describing a man whom she told to put his hands around her throat. In addition to Victoria Station and Ashes to Ashes, this author wrote a more famous work in which Aston receives shock treatments and Mac Davies attempts to conceal his Welsh heritage, one in which the hit-men Ben and Gus argue about lighting the kettle before Ben is told that his victim will enter with his fly open, and one about Goldberg and McCann meeting piano player Stanley Webber at the title event. For 10 pointsname this author of The Caretaker, The Dumbwaiter, and The Birthday Party.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-85ba2a15ccea4a28846b92c8def2eff2",
            "input": "This philosopher discussed the philosophy of science in Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy. He coined the term logical atomism in a 1911 paper, and in The Ethics of War, he defended wars of principle and wars of colonization. He criticized Alexius Meinong in his essay On Denoting. His other works include a History of Western Philosophy and the essay Why I Am Not a Christian. His namesake paradox debunked the nave set theory of Gottlob Frege. For 10 points, name this philosopher who, with Alfred North Whitehead, wrote Principia Mathematica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffc7c36c8e1d471898a110d1cdc8c015",
            "input": "This organ can be inflicted with Ivemark syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies, and it is also subject to storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick and Gaucher. Embryologically it derives from islands of mesenchymal tissue in the left side of the dorsal mesogastrium that coalesce. Its inner surface is indented by a linear hilum and is characterized by a maze of spongelike spaces called sinusoids. Also of note are the germinal centers that produce lymphocytes and the white and red pulp. Known as the site of red blood cell destruction, FTP, name this purplish organ that sits to the left of the stomach and below the diaphragm.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38d2d41265864dab8d34a20dd255c0ab",
            "input": "Richard Lipsey developed it in a broader context, clarifying the adjustment function. Robert Solow and Paul Samuelson found that it also held in the United States and made it relevant to policymakers by introducing mark-up pricing. Edmund Phelps and Milton Friedman questioned its stability in the long run, arguing that the government could not maintain a permanent tradeoff between the two quantities in question, disagreeing with the findings made in the article \"Analytics of Anti-Inflation Policy\" with their view of the natural-rate hypothesis. FTP, name this relationship depicting the inverse relation between the rate of unemployment and the rate of change of money wages in a certain curve.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71dc34b4f8e64c83bcf349ba0c6dc5b2",
            "input": "The title location of one poem in this work is described as a \"banal Eldorado,\" and it describes the sight of a hanged man being torn apart by birds. Some poems in this work describe \"The Death of the Poor\" and \"The Death of Artists,\" and In another poem, one of four with the same title, the speaker claims that in his body the green waters of Lethe flow instead of blood, and he begins by describing himself as the king of a rainy country. While there are only five poems in the section Wine, the former poem is \"A Voyage to Cythera,\" and in one poem, the title objects frame a the decapitated body of a woman, entitled \"A Martyr. \" Beginning with the section Spleen and Ideal, for 10 points, identify this collection of poetry by Charles Baudelaire.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69817e427fd349ecbee74c57d4f73148",
            "input": "This dynasty saw two incidents in which Confucian scholars were imprisoned, the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions. This dynasty's Emperor Jing reduced the sizes of several principalities, sparking the Rebellion of the Seven States. The first emperor of this dynasty was a peasant named Liu Bang, who later became known as Gaozu. It was briefly interrupted by the (*) Xin Dynasty after Wang Mang took the throne. This dynasty was preceded by the Qin and followed by the Three Kingdoms period. For 10 points, name this dynasty which lends its name to the majority ethnic group of China.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7136c3475f7d4e9aa53302587978d4eb",
            "input": "A work by this man \"battles\" against a Tchaikovsky work played by the orchestra in Franz Reizenstein's Concerto Popolare. One of his works features a march for the clarinets and bassoons in the third movement and opens with a timpani roll and a solo flourish; that work takes its key from a similar work by Schumann. Another of his works opens with a piece called \"Arietta\" and contains his \"Wedding Day at Troldhaugen\". For 10 points, identify this composer of a Piano Concerto in A minor and the Lyric Pieces, who wrote \"Anitra's Dance\", \"Morning Mood\", and \"In the Hall of the Mountain King\" for his incidental music to Ibsen's Peer Gynt.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f89e73a12714440faf9a79b42232fd7d",
            "input": "Gases that are found near them form accretion disks, and it has been conjectured that primordial ones during the Big Bang. They convert their mass into energy via virtual particle production, which can leads to their evaporation. Ergoregions are found the Kerr types of them, and non-rotating ones are referred to as Schwarzchild varieties. Infinite density is found at the singularity, and at the event horizon, matter does not exist for longer than an instant. FTP, identify these objects from which light cannot escape.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65fda649383d4eec9bf2c4a94971587d",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel first meets an young expatriate artist at an apartment on the Boulevard Malesherbes, and the protagonist delivers a climactic speech in the garden of the sculptor Gloriani to that artist, usually referred to as \"little Bilham. \" He runs into the owner of the apartment in a box at the Thtre Franais, which he attends with the lawyer Mr. Waymarsh. At the end of the novel, the protagonist decides that he cannot marry Miss Gostrey and must return to Woollett alone, as he has failed to convince the son of his betrothed to marry Mamie Pocock and return to America. For 10 points, identify this novel featuring Madame de Vionnet, Chadwick Newsome, and Lambert Strether, written by Henry James.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b2485e5347245cd9c64582351ab4120",
            "input": "One type of this phenomenon was measured using a Fe-57 detector in the Harvard Tower experiment. This effect produces the first-degree anisotropy in the CMBR. Recombination of hydrogen atoms occurred at a value of approximately 1100 for the quantity associated with this effect, whose cosmological variety increases with age and distance; that is because the universe is (*) expanding according to Hubble's law. A few objects, such as Andromeda, exhibit the opposite of this effect, because they are moving towards us. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, in which the wavelength of astronomical objects receding from Earth broadens, producing a namesake change in color.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05541a4fea8f43c1b4f14cabcbfd2a96",
            "input": "This man promoted the philosophy of the possibility of many legitimate viewpoints,  Anekantavada, and taught aparigraha, or detachment from people and objects. This figure organized  his followers into sadhus, sadhvi, shravaka, and shravika, and his teachings were recorded orally by  those known as (*) ganadharas. This figure was born as a lion, several times as a demi god, and a human in his twenty-six incarnations prior to to his last birth. While forty-two years old, he squatted under a salah tree to attain Kevala, or complete enlightenment, and he practiced ahimsa, or total nonviolence. For 10 points, name this twenty-fourth Tirthankara, an Indian sage and revered figure in Jainism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7829d862104345d3ba4b9dbd5a86ab27",
            "input": "method of determining certain modifications of this substance involves treating it with bisulfite, and a type of bonding named for Hoogsteen is sometimes observed in this substance. The binding of proteins to this substance can be studied via footprinting assays, and proteins which bind to this substance usually contain structures such as zinc-finger domains and leucine zippers. Chargaff's observations helped interpret the bonding of its constituent parts. For 10 points, identify this substance composed of thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine, which is located in the nucleus and which can be transcribed to give RNA.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e339d03dceff4444b664c10b1e61de21",
            "input": "E. S. Loomis published a compendium about this statement, which Edsger Dijkstra generalized using the signum function. Generalized to inner product spaces, this statement is Parseval's identity, while its analog in three dimensions is de Gua's theorem. Euclid's proof of it, like many others, uses a figure known as the bride's chair. This statement is logically equivalent to Euclid's parallel postulate, and its generalization to powers higher than two, proved unsolvable by Andrew Wiles, is Fermat's last theorem. For 10 points, name this special case of the law of cosines, a statement which states that the sum of the squares of the two legs of a right triangle is equal to the square of the hypotenuse.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fb780acb53e4d8cb675cb59cfc4f8a9",
            "input": "One of this author's characters kills his rival Spitz while working for Francois (frahn-SWAH) and Perrault (pair-OHL). Another of his characters is taken to Santa Clara, California, where he saves Judge Scott from a murderer. The central figure of one of his novels avenges the killing of his master Thornton before going on to lead a wolf pack; that figure is the Buck from The Call of the Wild. For 10 points, name this author of White Fang.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1e46e6f21fd14a86bb821164d2cbb6bd",
            "input": "In Hawaiian myth, the magic dogs Ku and Poki sometimes appear in this form, and Ngai, chief god of the Masai, manifests as a red one when he is angry and as a black one when he is happy. The Tuatha D Danann traveled to Ireland on a large one, and Zeus used one to hide from Hera while seducing Io. In Norse myth they were spun in Fensalir by the goddess Frigga. The woman Nephele was created from one in order to satisfy Ixion's lust for Hera, and became the mother of the centaurs. FTP, name these fluffy atmospheric phenomena.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-701c646672c54557878e81aa07b385d9",
            "input": "This poem discusses a bough of cherries that is broken in an orchard by an \"officious fool,\" who is rewarded with \"a blush at least,\" while earlier the speaker argues that strangers cannot understand \"the depth and passion\" of an \"earnest glance. \" The speaker laments the gift of his \"nine hundred year old name\", and later points out a Claus of Innsbruck statue of a sea-horse being tamed by Poseidon. The speaker \"gave commands,\" which stopped \"all smiles\" of the title character, who now \"look[s] as if she were alive\" in a Fra Pandolf portrait on the wall. For 10 points, name this poem about the Duke of Ferrara's former wife, written by Robert Browning.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-653cd6d22125494099ef9b939c5acf68",
            "input": "A housing program in this country is called My House, My Life. The government has also launched Light for All, a rural electrification program spearheaded by an energy minister who has since become its president. More electricity will be provided for this country by the Belo Monte Dam on the Xingu River, which will displace 20,000 people in the state of Para and be its second largest dam after the (*) Itaipu. This country's city of Curitiba is renowned for its public transportation, while government investment in the Suape port will benefit the capital of its Pernambuco state, Recife. Favelas are slums in the largest cities of, for 10 points, what country experiencing a real estate boom in Sao Paulo",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03e1079f7b094d568aa9b8af2d73d34a",
            "input": "In this work, the Academy of Sciences at Bordeaux awarded a sheep to a Northern scholar, who demonstrated by the formula A plus B minus C that the sheep was necessarily red. That sheep had traveled with Martin and the title character from Suriname and originally carried gold and diamonds, having been by the king of El Dorado. After sending Cacambo to retrieve his lover and the old woman from Paraguay, this works title character spends the remainder of his life on a small farm with them and the philosopher Pangloss, having initially been booted out of Castle Thunder-ten-Tronckh for kissing Cungonde. FTP, name this satirical novel by Voltaire.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6b678c905af42ceb636958c6d5ff904",
            "input": "This author's attacks on the British government in plays like Pasquin and The Historical Register prompted the passage of the Theatrical Licensing Act. This author contrasted Mr. and Mrs. Heartfree with the title \"great man\" in a satirical novel about the life of a notorious criminal, Jonathan Wild. Lady Booby fails to seduce the virtuous title character of his novel Joseph Andrews, which parodies Samuel Richardson's Pamela. Another of his novels follows the rival of Bilfil, a sexually promiscuous \"foundling\" who is raised by Squire Allworthy and marries Sophia Western. FTP, name this 18th-century British author of Tom Jones.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e23c55627fe04c668f1cc88e31680c85",
            "input": "The death of Beatriz Viterbo opens one work by this man, while another work concerns a German spy during World War One named Dr. Yu Tsun who murders a man named Dr. Albert to convey the location of British artillery. This writer of the story \"The Garden of Forking Paths\" also wrote a work that partially takes place in the house of the poet Carlos Danieri and concerns a (*) point in space that contains all other points. For 10 points, name this Argentine author known for writing such works as \"The Library of Babel\" and \"The Aleph\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-282a0dfbf0ed4be0a02fde47f5852d19",
            "input": "An extraordinary form of this behavior exists in systems for which the double exchange mechanism is energetically favorable, as exemplified by Heusler cells. Two important tools for studying systems with this property are a chart that has the as its x- and y-intercepts the coercivity and remanence, respectively, and a lattice model with Hamiltonian given by the sum over cells of the product of two numbers from U one, one number for the cell and one for each of its neighbors. Materials displaying this property exhibit near-constant H-fields on structures separated by Nel or Bloch walls and known as Weiss domains, which break down at the Curie temperature. For ten points, identify this form of magnetism studied with the aforementioned hysteresis loops and Ising model and materials displaying which retain a permanent magnetization when placed in an external field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34d6d653c163423a85ce1b294d020158",
            "input": "This artist's The Siesta features his mortally ill wife Beatrice, while Maud Franklin was depicted in a fur coat and later as Effie Deans in a series of portraits. He studied under Charles-Gabriel Gleyre while living in Paris, and his \"French set\" marked a revival in the field of etching. Among his patrons was Charles Freer, whose museum houses the Peacock Room which this man designed to display his The Princess from the Land of Porcelain. He summed up his views on aesthetics in the mock-ecclesiastical \"Ten O'Clock Lecture,\" and Frederick Leyland suggested the name of his series entitled \"Nocturnes. \" FTP, name this artist who painted Joanna Hiffernan as The White Girl and his mother in Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5ddd13f50d67447d810ae1f0951f8fc4",
            "input": "During his time at Harvard with Marcel Breuer he expanded on the ideas set forth in his 1932 manifesto, a collaborative effort with Henry Russell-Hitchcock. At home around museums, he designed the art gallery at Dumbarton Oaks and the sculpture garden at the Museum of Modern Art. After 1967, the buildings he and his partner John Burgee worked on, including International Place in Boston, the Dade County Cultural Center, and the Crystal Cathedral in California, began to challenge his earlier principles. But he is more famous for the work he did under the influence of Mies van der Rohe such as the AT&T Headquarters and the Glass House in New Canaan. FTP, identify this American exponent of the International Style and designer of the Seagram Building.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fbc693f50102433aa409d1643bcf38a5",
            "input": "The rejection of this artist's Ecstacy of St. Gregory the Great prompted the painting of the Madonna della Vallicella. The Tyrant Slayers group outside of Rome's Quirinale were used for the thunderbolt wielding angels in the Martyrdom of St. Livinus, while colorful birds and tigers galore feature in The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man, which, like Pan and Syrinx, was one of his collaborations with his friend Jan Brueghel the Elder. Amongst his portraits is an Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma and one of Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria wearing an iridescent silver dress, and he created a cycle of works including paintings such as The Negotiations at (*) Angouleme, The Birth of the Princess and The Disembarkation at Marseilles. For 10 points, name this Flemish painter of the Marie de Medici cycle.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2f4798aeb5748ccb3b1f2b788039d90",
            "input": "This man achieved full power within his party at the Zunyi Conference. That conference occurred while this man and other members of his party were traveling from Jiangxi (jee-AHNG-shee) to Yanan as part of the Long March. This leader's third wife was part of an influential group that was named the Gang of Four. This ruler was responsible for his country taking part in the (*) Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. For 10 points, name this political rival of Chiang Kai-shek who was the first leader of Communist China.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a8442dcb24347f1b4930a1482e6722d",
            "input": "One of this man's works depicts his face against a black background with bones along the bottom edge, his Self Portrait with Skeleton Arm. Other works of his include one where two large women sit in front of a shadowy figure and another which depicts various people in dark dress mourning after his sister's death in a sickroom. Those works were both included in his Frieze of Life series. Another work features two black figures to the far left, and the central figure stand on a bridge under an orange and red sky and clutches its face, with eyes and mouth wide open. For 10 points, name this Norwegian painter of The Scream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d4f57718f6c471f99df01e558451f73",
            "input": "Led by Harrison Gray Otis, it resulted in agreement on a couple of major issues - the adoption of measures recommending the use of federal troops for state defense, and the support of a constitutional amendment to eliminate the \"three-fifths clause. \" However, its effectiveness would be completely hamstrung by the news of an American victory at the Battle of New Orleans. FTP, what was this 1814 to 1815 meeting of Federalists protesting U.S. policy during the War of 1812",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79c877f051604f289e5fc2ffaf7c5ee1",
            "input": "In prokaryotes, this organelle binds to the Shine-Dalgarno box, and its size is measured in Svedberg units. This organelle begins its primary function in eukaryotes when it recognizes the Kozak sequence. Mitochondria possess their own variety of this organelle, and at the P and A sites located here, [*] aminoacyl-tRNA attaches. This organelle can be free or bound, and it is composed of a namesake type of RNA and separated into large and small subunits. Formed in the nucleolus and attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum, for 10 points, name this organelle, the site of RNA translation and protein synthesis.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78f8d11aa9c648a09107faa87b166fb1",
            "input": "The wife of this novel's protagonist has left him for an American, and his financial worries stem from having to care for his teenage daughter, who goes to an expensive Catholic school. At the beginning of the novel, that daughter, Milly, cajoles him into buying her a horse, and it is this additional expense that spurs him to accept an offer of work from Hawthorne. His German friend, Dr. Hasselbacher, advises him to \"take their money, but don't give them anything in return,\" which inspires him to invent reports, agents, and schematics to send to his employers. For 10 points, name this novel, in which James Wormold, a vacuum cleaner salesman from Cuba, is recruited into the British Secret Service, a work by Graham Greene. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de9ff1af16d4461b933f50eba2b3f0c1",
            "input": "The attenuated total reflection type of this can be used on compounds with a low surface area, while the diffuse reflectance type can be used to study samples that are not sufficiently transparent. The multiplex advantage explains the use of the Fourier Transform type of this. Diatomic bonds are generally not found in the fingerprint region, and the stretching seen using this technique generally occurs at higher frequencies than the bending. Most types of this use some sort of absorption, because each bond in the molecule will absorb only its characteristic frequency. For 10 points, name this type of analytical technique, which categorizes compounds based on the frequency of the vibration of its bonds when exposed to radiation of waves longer than those of visible light.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65b9cdf2e32f44ceae053e6f752f22c1",
            "input": "A small value for the Rossby number indicates a significant effect caused by this force. Its root cause is the unequal rates of rotation for the Earth; the fastest rate is at the equator thus causing an object traveling south from the equator to deviate westward. The effect of this force is proportional to two times the rotation rate of the Earth times the sine of the angle of the latitude, thus this force causes no effect at the equator. For 10 points, name this apparent deflection of an object by inertial forces in a rotating frame of reference which is partially responsible for the rotation of hurricanes but not the flow of water in a toilet.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9de35a3a4f9549beaf6462cf884b640d",
            "input": "This ruler retreated among his own troops after an attack by Marcus Valerius in a battle where he shared command with Octavius Mamilius and engaged Aulus Postumius Albus early on. He then married his son off to Mamilius's daughter, which occurred after this ruler erected a temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline and levelled the Tarpeian Rock. In one episode, his son Sextus conquered the city of Gabii after witnessing this man cutting off poppy heads in his garden, and this victor of the Battle of Lake Regillus ordered the construction of the Cloaca Maxima bought the remaining three of nine Sibylline books. This ruler's siege of Ardea, the capital of the Rutuli, was complicated by his son's rape of the daughter of Junius Brutus, Lucrteia, which occurred before he failed to come back to power despite Lars Porsenna's backing. For 10 points, name this seventh Etruscan king of Rome.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56a40caef29b43b5b69bfe84b2ccb39c",
            "input": "According to one story of this deity's origin, he was one of four brothers, with two of his brothers being red and black, and this god was supposedly born with no flesh on his bones. Symbols associated with this god included white heron feathers as well as a fire serpent. This god's association with good governance and trade resulted in his association with Paynal, and in one ceremony dedicated to this god men who ate an image of this god made from corn would then serve him for a year. Also known as the Turquoise Prince, this god led his people to their home from the Place of the Seven Caves, and he shared the Templo Mayor with a moisture deity. Also believed to have been born in full regalia to the goddess Coatlicue, this god killed his sister Coyolxauhqui, and like Quetzlcoatl, he was a brother of Tezcatlipoca. For ten points, identify this Aztec god of war who is associated with a hummingbird. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c880a7b2e07e45b6a1b055e093ab97ae",
            "input": "This composer wrote a masque containing \"Satan's Dance of Triumph\" that was based on engravings by Blake. This composer of Job included the song \"Bredon Hill\" in a song cycle based on A.E. Housman poems. His seventh symphony is an adaptation of his film score for Scott of the Antarctic. He wrote a tone poem about a (*) bird \"lost on his aerial rings\" in a poem by George Meredith. This man used two separate string orchestras and a string quartet for a \"Jacobean Fantasy\" based on a tune he included in an English hymnal. His second symphony references hansom cabs in its namesake city. For 10 points, name this British composer of The Lark Ascending, A London Symphony, and Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d06a873e4b164cda86e7d6e44a4f0447",
            "input": "One English monarch of this name issued the \"Statute of the Staple,\" mandating which ports could ship which goods. Another king of this name is also the addressee of an anonymous poem that contains the line \"Alas! For hunger I die! \" written \"on [his] Evil Times,\" and served as the British king during the Great Famine that marks the beginning of the Little Ice Age. The first English monarch of this name executed the heads of all of the Hebrew families for coin-clipping before issuing the Edict of Expulsion, kicking the Jews out of England. The fifth monarch of this name was one of the \"Princes in the Tower,\" while the third was King at the beginning of the Hundred Years' War. For 10 points, name this kingly British name, the first of whom was nicknamed \"Longshanks. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9be3f9d16d694b9480c44775a33a7156",
            "input": "The protagonist troubles his adopted father, Mime, because he breaks his blades so quickly, but Mime does not have the skill to reforge the blade he cannot break. A Wanderer defeats Mime in a riddle competition and leaves Mimes head forfeit to the man who can reforge that blade. In the second act of this opera, the protagonist faces and bests the dragon Fafner, and he learns that Mime is planning to betray him. After dispatching Mime, the protagonist rescues Brunnhilde from the ring of fire. For 10 points, what is this mythologically inspired opera, the third part of the Ring cycle by Richard Wagner, coming between The Valkyrie and Twilight of the Gods",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4ad53a7a6804c26afab1b6b8bffcf0a",
            "input": "It is not hydrogen, but after reacting a thiol with a ketone, this element can be used to reduce the thioacetal to an alkane in the Mozingo reaction. Sodium sulfate and coal can be used to refine this element in the Oxford process. This element is found alongside iron and sulfur in the ore pentlandite. This element is synthesized by reacting its oxide with Syngas to form its tetracarbonyl, which then decomposes into this element's pure form at high temperature. This element can be found in a catalyst that can fully reduce benzene to cyclohexane. That catalyst is an alloy of this element and aluminum and is named for Raney. For 10 points, name this transition metal synthesized in the Mond process, most commonly produced in Sudbury, Ontario.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-179ea69b14984da8a8236fcf3111d69f",
            "input": "This man's party began one debate by considering the book The Case of The Army Stated. This man asked if his country would be made \"Like Switzerland\" and his principal supporter repeatedly asked if an unjust or dangerous agreement need be kept. Colonel Thomas Rainsborough contended with this man's party in that disputation. This man's initial charter of government restricted the franchise to those with more than (*) 200 pounds' worth of property; that document was the Instrument of Government. This man supported by Henry Ireton contended with the Levellers at the Putney Debates and famously said \"In the Name of god, Go!\" to the Long Parliament. For 10 points, name this commander of the New Model Army, an English Lord Protector.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-429564106cb24efaa0bbc7f1f40bbc9a",
            "input": "First diagnosed when describing a patient with a cherry-red spot on the retina, this disease affects the production of the lysosomal enzyme hexosaminidase A. The result of this defect on chromosome 15 is the accumulation of the lipid ganglioside GM2 in the brain, resulting in neural degeneracy and death before the age of five. Found mostly in Ashkenazi Jews, FTP, identify this disease named after its British and American discoverers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-347371ef55e049eaaada6e631747077b",
            "input": "This country controls the Bazaruto Archipelago which contains the city of Vilanculos, and this nation is the site og Gorongosa National Park. The capital city of this nation is indented by Delagoa Bay, and its Central Railway Station was designed by Gustave Eiffel. This nation's Tete province contains Lake Cahora Bassa, and the southern Gaza Province contains the port of Xai-Xai. Bounded on the north by the Ruvuma River, this nation is the site of the mouths of both the Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers, and its second most populous city is the port city of Beira. Containing Matola and formerly known as Portuguese East Africa, for 10 points, name this Southern African nation with capital at Maputo, which has a namesake Channel that separates the African mainland from Madagascar.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b171bdf93cc54b19a137a276538cca83",
            "input": "In the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata catalyst, an atom of it is attached to a pyrrole ring, an oxygen atom, and a toluene group. This element's acids are combined with amines and ketones in the Petasis reaction and in combining alkyl halides through the Suzuki coupling. Complexes containing it are called sido or arachno according to Wade's rules, and a more famous reaction using it is sometimes named for Herbert Brown. Mined from the ore Uletite, its silicate was once used in making hard glass for manufacturing laboratory equipment. For 10 points, name this element that participates in an anti-markonikov addition reaction to alkenes, with atomic number 5 and symbol B.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-106064b7b7da4a528c5da6450854cf1f",
            "input": "In response to this scandal, Bill Breeden was jailed for stealing the sign of a street named after a participant, leading Howard Zinn to deem him the \"only person to be imprisoned as a result\" of this scandal. Secretary Fawn Hall shredded several documents pertaining to this scandal, which caused John Poindexter's resignation. It was investigated by the (*) Tower Commission and it violated the Boland Amendment, which forbid US assistance to a certain Nicaraguan rebel group. For 10 points, name this scandal that implicated Oliver North and Ronald Reagan in the sale of arms to Ayatollah Khomeini's government in order to fund some Latin American rebels.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5bb52d07c31495c8c09d8581c19e797",
            "input": "This composer quoted Keats' line, \"When Chivalry lifted up her lance on high,\" in the score of his Froissart overture, while works by Longfellow inspired his orchestral works such as The Black Knight and King Olaf. This composer left unfinished an oratorio with parts for Simon Magus that would have completed his trilogy of oratorios begun in The Apostles and The Kingdom, and he wrote two symphonies, one in A-flat and one in E-flat. Another of this composer's works contains the Demons' Choruses and the song \"Praise to the Holiest,\" and is based on a poem by Cardinal Newman about the soul's journey in the afterlife. He is more famous for a composition whose second movement is missing and which contains references to such individuals as \"C. A. E.,\" \"Dorabella,\" and \"Nimrod. \" For ten points, identify this British composer of The Dream of Gerontius and the Enigma Variations.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbe330b78ef24724803bdb3214ae8cbb",
            "input": "The Hague Partition Treaty was an unsuccessful attempt to prevent this war. This war's most notable\\n naval battle was fought at Malaga. This war resulted in the asiento, an agreement that gave England the\\n right to supply slaves to South America. Many battles in this war were won as the result of cooperation\\n between the Austrian General Eugene of Savoy and the English General Duke of Marlborough, including\\n the Battle of Blenheim. England gained control of Gibraltar because of this war. This war began with the\\n death of Charles II and ended with a French prince becoming King Philip V. For 10 points, name this war\\n ended by the Treaty of Utrecht, fought over who should rule the namesake country with capital Madrid.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3606802521fc41ce83bd4a411789eb60",
            "input": "Odilon Redon depicted one of these objects embedded in a cube using charcoal and white chalk on yellow tone paper. In Michael Baxandall's Painting and Renaissance in Fifteenth Century Italy, he suggests that artists employ a \"period\" one. A different painting by Odilon Redon shows a creature with a pronounced one of these body parts extending from the background of a mountain. A section of a treatise which compares Doric temples to automobiles and argues that airplanes embody the machine age is titled for these parts, which do not function the way they should - that section of a larger work appears in Towards a New Architecture. A calf was famously used to help film a scene involving Simone Mareuil, who has this body part slashed in Un Chien Andalou. A light bulb is embedded in one in Picasso's painting Guernica. For 10 points, identify this body part which may or may not follow you around in The Laughing Cavalier.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-48554e7eb5de4472a7384d68f5f1bc51",
            "input": "During this dynasty, the minister Qin Gui committed an infamous act of treachery against the general Yue Fei, and the author of the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, Sima Guang, opposed the New Laws of Wang Anshi. Zhao Kuangyin formed it, and gunpowder, the magnetic compass, and moveable type were invented during this era, before the death of emperor Qinzong led to the decline of its Northern period, but its southern incarnation survived until the Mongol conquest. For 10 points, name this dynasty is credited with unifying China after the Ten Kingdoms and Five Dynasties periods.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37bacf79d26a4382871851c8d80c00e8",
            "input": "One character in this work sings, \"What the bright steel, sons of the White Dragon! Kindle the torch, Daughter of Hengist\" after telling another character, \"thou shalt perish like the fox in his den\" and lighting his castle on fire. In addition to Ulrica, other characters in this work include one who accuses a woman of bewitching a knight to fall in love with her, and one known as \"Desdichado\" who wins a joust even though he was unseated when his opponent dies from \"the violence of his own contending passions\". For 10 pointsname this work in which the Black Knight is revealed to be Richard the Lion-Hearted and Sir Brian Bois-de-Guilbert is defeated by the title character, a novel by Sir Walter Scott.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c850d246afb54440814261ba0c591fd4",
            "input": "This thinker utilized anthropological techniques to attack philosophical problems in his work Available Light, while he contrasted two island societies with varying economic conditions in his work Peddlers and Princes. This thinker wrote about a situation in which all participants in a society portrayed different dramatic characters as societal roles at different times in his Negara: The Theater State. In addition to that work, he used the example of a Balinese cockfight to examine a game in which the stakes were so high it made sense for no participant to play, a situation which he termed \"deep play. \" For ten points, identify this anthropologist who utilized \"thick description\" to analyze societies, which he advocated in his work The Interpretation of Cultures.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3aefdae1bc0b4bae8a5a6529a166343e",
            "input": "This man's Presidential campaign was the first managed by the Jew August Belmont. This man's first political office was as prosecutor of Morgan County, and he was first elected to Congress while serving on his state's Supreme Court. In the Galesburg (*) declaration, this man stated his belief that the Declaration of Independence did not mean to include blacks. This man was responsible for breaking the Compromise of 1850 into separate bills. This articulator of the Freeport Doctrine also authored a proposal that was mocked as \"squatter sovereignty\", the Kansas-Nebraska Act. For ten points, name this \"Little Giant\" from Illinois, who lost the 1860 Presidential Election and famously debated Abraham Lincoln.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f4861677ca840cf98817c39796ce36d",
            "input": "The retreating side tried concentrating its central forces in superior positions on hills around Pozzolengo and Guidizollo. One of the early advances was stifled by mulberry trees and grapevines, and a force under d'Hilliers advanced slightly past Castiglione before noticing the opposing army. Nine hours of fighting along a 15-mile front ensued, and after the battle the Peace of Villafranca was signed. Fought near an Italian village in 1859, FTP, name this victory for a French and Sardinian army which was witnessed by Jean-Henri Dunant, who was inspired by it to help found the Red Cross.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0d553f8835c4553b40b2d0781997c33",
            "input": "This star's white dwarf companion was postulated by Fredrich Bessel and discovered by Alvan Clark. This star was called Sopdet in ancient Egypt and, along with Venus, rises before the sun several months of the year. Its system is the(*) fifth closest to our own, and along with Procyon and Betelgeuse, this star forms the Winter Triangle. It is almost twice as bright as Canopus, and Orion's belt points toward this principal star of Canis Major. For 10 points, name this brightest star in the sky, also known as the Dog Star.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e89b930751e647c3812041b4aa9d879e",
            "input": "One section of these materials is known as the depletion zone. These materials are characterized by a small gap between the Fermi level and the valence band. Impurities are added to these materials in order to create either extra electrons or electron holes in the N- and P-types of these materials, respectively. That process is called (*) doping. These materials, such as germanium and gallium arsenide, are used in electronic devices such as diodes and transistors. For 10 points, name these materials, such as silicon, that have electrical conductivity in between that of a conductor and an insulator.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7f89cd7d5da4dd89dd0e4b8451edd10",
            "input": "this painting, a pregnant woman dressed in blue holds two paintbrushes in her left hand, while her right hand holds the hand of the woman standing behind her. Commissioned shortly after its artist was asked to paint The Martyrdom of St. Symphorian, it also depicts a man in black looking outward at the viewer and pointing towards the work's central figure. A sword wrapped in a red ribbon and a triangular oar lie near two women dressed in orange and green. A man on this work's left holding a scroll is identified as Sophocles, and other famous individuals depicted in it include Gluck and Moliere. A mask, a gavel, and a lyre are all offered to this painting's central figure, who holds a staff and sits next to a floating Nike. A Greek poet being crowned is the subject of, for 10 points, what 1827 painting by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09f575ad71d146f68456c431d073ad99",
            "input": "In the prologue to one of his operas the gods Virtue and Fortune argue about who is more powerful, only to be outdone by the god Amore. He used consecutive fifths as parody in his Canzonetta tre voci, and there is debate about the placement of the \"Nigra Sum\" motet in his Vespers for the Blessed Virgin. He featured a stile concitato in a setting of Jerusalem Delivered, entitled The Combat of Tancred and Clorinda. In one opera, Drusilla confesses to an attempted assassination to protect her lover Ottone, who had tried to kill Nerone's future empress. For 10 points, name this composer whose works such as Arianna, The Coronation of Poppea, and Orfeo, helped develop opera.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a797ec5e0ffc44a89dc42bdee77b486f",
            "input": "In 1834, this man ran for governor of his home state on the Anti Masonic ticket but lost to John Davis. This president appointed Robert Trimble to the Supreme Court, and was ousted as incumbent in an election that saw his opponent's wife Rachel accused of bigamy. This defending attorney in the Amistad case sorted out border disputes and acquired Florida in a treaty signed with Spanish diplomat Luis Onis. He beat out William Crawford, among others, because no candidate won the majority of electoral votes in the election of 1824 that was swung by Henry Clay's \"corrupt bargain. \" For 10 points, name this sixth president of the United States, son a president.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3b88475b6fb424cb088550976c29030",
            "input": "This man included Satan Arousing the Rebel Angels in his illustrations of Paradise Lost. His works of prophetic poetry included books focusing on Los and Urizen. He also wrote a poem asking the title animal \"\"Who named thee\"\" and one about an animal \"\"burning bright, in the forests of the night. \"\" For 10 points, name this British Romantic poet who wrote \"\"The Lamb\"\" and \"\"The Tyger,\"\" both of which appear in his collection Songs of Innocence and Experience.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a1ee67703a540a79d86da82a4cfb37d",
            "input": "This element is reacted with a diiodomethane to create a cyclopropane ring on a carbon-carbon double bond in the Simmons-Smith Reaction. Supplements of this element are often given to prevent Wilson's disease, since it stimulates production of metallothionein. The French and American processes can be used to produce an important oxide of this element, now being used in transparent LCDs. This element is used in combination with a hydroxylic solvent and a strong acid like HCl in order to produce an alkane from an aldehyde or ketone in the Clemmensen reduction. Gag knuckles and treble clefs are types of structures named for this element that stabilize protein folds, and its most common ore is called sphalerite. For 10 points, name this element which can be found in namesake \"fingers\", and which forms brass when combined with copper.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31503c6a8cac4525bf536152c697fa41",
            "input": "Rufus Peckham cited his decision in 1897's Allgeyer v. Louisiana and denied the relevance of 1898's Holden v. Hardy in his majority opinion, which raised the specter of communism. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes' dissent included his defense of the \"reasonable man\" test and included his statement that \"General propositions do not decide concrete cases,\" but is best known for his assertion that \"The 14th Amendment does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer's Social Statics. \"   FTP, name this 1905 decision in which the court struck down a New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b2f13e90a624904844a41c53ef26aa6",
            "input": "One coefficient of this phenomenon can be found with Schlick's approximation, and its diffuse form is applied in Lambert's cosine law. This phenomenon notably does not occur for a certain polarization at Brewster's angle. At values above the critical angle, the (*) total internal type of this phenomenon occurs, and the law of it states that the angle at which this process occurs is equal to the angle of incidence. For ten points, identify this phenomenon in which a wave returns to its original medium after contacting a surface, easily observed with mirrors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb28d21e03254e499d4b486efee711b3",
            "input": "A derivative of this compound prefixed by pseudo- is an important modifier of the T-arm of tRNA, while its fluorine derivative is used to inhibit the enzyme thy-mi-dyl-ate syn-thase, effects of which are essential to its use in chemotherapy. Its N-gly-coy-lase is an important excision enzyme, participation of which explains the absence of Okazaki fragments on the leading strand; it is also essential to protection from damage resulting from deamination of another compound to this nucleotide. First identified in herring sperm, FTP, name this pyrimidine in which the lack of a methyl group is the only difference between it and the nucleotide it replaces, thymine, in RNA.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6d55481e8a341cb9747398e9ab2a6fb",
            "input": "A work by Gunter Grass depicts Bertolt Brecht preparing an adaptation of this play. One major female character declares that anger is her meat, while a scene on a highway features a dialogue between Adrian and Nicanor. In one scene, the protagonist draws his sword in order to face an angry mob by himself, but is persuaded to change his mind and go home. While his wife Virgilia waits at home, the protagonist is persuaded by Volumnia, his mother, to call off his assault with Aufidius the Volscian. Ending with the death of the titular Roman Caius Marcius, FTP, identify this play about a Roman General.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fed90d14baea45c8a77b6e2693b606b8",
            "input": "Lesser kings to rule from this city include Shar-Kali-Sharri and Manishtushu, who succeeded his younger brother Rimush. Its language was Semitic, though it adopted the writing system of the people it conquered, and it was probably destroyed after the Gutians invaded its namesake empire. At its height, this location stretched from the Taurus Mountains to the lands of the Elamites in the east. It is recorded that its first ruler washed his hands in the waters of the Persian Gulf to signify his conquest of all of Sumer. Located to the northwest of Kish, its precise location has never been determined. FTP, name this ancient Mesopotamian city, whose most famous king was Sargon the Great.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-97128419ccef487982e011d7faebbcee",
            "input": "The winning side in this battle took up position at the New Park, while a significant contingent of \"camp-followers\" stayed in secret reserve at Coxet Hill. Six years after the battle came the issuance of the Declaration of Arbroath, which was sent to Pope John XXII. It occurred after a pact between the brother of the winning side's king and Philip Mowbray, the local commander of a castle under siege, after which a force of Thomas Randolph was victorious in skirmish with Robert Clifford and Henry Beaumont. More famous for the heroic slaying of Henry de Bohun, the victors forced a hasty retreat by Edward II. FTP, name this 1314 battle which secured Scottish independence, a victory for Robert de Bruce.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af8f899aa278472c9fdf19d8d5652a29",
            "input": "To maximize profit, firms should advertise until the ratio of advertising costs to sales revenue equals the ratio of two measures of elasticity of this concept. One variety of this concept is plotted on the y-axis of a Keynesian cross, and the cross-price elasticity of it is the change in it for one good when another's price changes. As income increases, this quantity for (*) normal goods also increases, and Giffen goods are exceptions to the law of this quantity, which states that it goes down when price increases. For ten points, identify this quantity from economics, which is negatively related to supply.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49bc3a8ec31049199b259ed1febb34ae",
            "input": "This man was imprisoned due to his father's wife Plectude asking her husband to disinherit his illegitimate children. That action favored Theodoald, who was later beaten in the forest of Cuise. This man supported the missionary activities of St. Boniface, which eventually led to the conversion of the Frisians. Despite being defeated by Ratbod at the Battle of Cologne, this man defeated King Chilperic and the Duke of Aquitaine, Odo the Great, at the battle of (*) Soissons. On the death of this \"Mayor of the Palace,\" his kingdom was divided between two of his sons, Carloman and Pepin the Short, and his most famous accomplishment was the turning back of an invasion led by Abd-el-Rahman. For 10 points, name this victor over the Saracens at the Battle of Tours and grandfather of Charlemagne.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f7c87b2b25b48f5b7a58654c6a1dd36",
            "input": "This ruler patronized such poets as Romanus the Melodist. This ruler took advantage of the death of Amalasuntha to invade Sicily. This man's reign saw a loss to Gelimer at Ad Decimum, but at Tricamarum generals serving this ruler defeated the Vandals. Another conflict occurring during this ruler's reign saw a major defeat at Callinicum, which was followed by a truce known as the Eternal Peace. He put down unrest instigated by members of the Blue and Green factions, and one of his most important achievements, which was overseen by Tribonian, solidified the power of the emperor and outlawed certain religious practices. For 10 points, name this Byzantine emperor, husband of Theodora and author of a revolutionary legal code.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa557941b87549d88811231a1feab6fe",
            "input": "The creation of these cells is aided by the phosphorylation of LAT by ZAP-70, which is recruited by Lck. The TSLP protein assists in the creation of these cells. These cells express ICOS, but not its ligand. Secretory vesicles in these cells can contain the protein perforin, and they can also express the Fas ligand. Unlike some similar cells, these cells do not undergo somatic hypermutation, but they do undergo V(D)J recombination. MHC proteins present foreign peptides to these cells, which can contain the coreceptors CD4 and CD8. These cells are part of the cell-mediated immune response, distinguishing them from the antibody response. The two main classes of this cell are cytotoxic and helper. For 10 points, identify these lymphocytes that that mature in the thymus, unlike B cells.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9323931aa34847b59cff7d79c32df327",
            "input": "Shortly before his death, one character in this work deliriously imagines that someone is siccing red hounds at him, and in this works epilogue, we learn that Piotr has gotten married because of his watch and patent-leather shoes. While sniffing roses, the protagonist steals a kiss from his hosts young lover, resulting in a duel, in which Pavel is shot in the thigh. Though he kissed Nikolais lover Feodosya, this novels protagonist sees his world shaken when he falls for Odintsova, at whose house he spends several weeks with his friend and sometime acolyte, Arkady. For 10 points, name this novel about Yevgeny Bazarov, a young nihilist, by Ivan Turgenev.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44cc23e225c94a4d9b2969153c7a59df",
            "input": "He painted a chubby baby with a thick red halo in his Madonna and Child with an Angel, while a woman in a black dress wears a red sash and holds a mace while looking away from the viewer of his painting Fortitude. Several distorted and discolored angels with flowing red hair appear in his Madonna of the Magnificat, and this painter's Adoration of the Magi features a ruined wall in the background and an old man watching the scene from over Mary's shoulder. More well known works by this painter include one in which a dude on the far left wears a red toga and a black scabbard while an ugly green dude on the other side sexually harasses a young girl in a sheer gown, and one in which a fat lady rushes to cover up the naked title figure while two other naked people fly in blowing flowers at her. For 10 pointsname this painter of Primavera and The Birth of Venus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a9c6f61e2014eb29f387979f1fd2b44",
            "input": "In one of this author's novels, the protagonist compares the concentric circles of Hell to Amsterdam after witnessing a woman jump off of a bridge. This creator of Jean-Baptiste Clamence wrote a novel in which thousands of rats die in Bernard Rieux's hometown of Oran. In another novel, he wrote of a man who helps Ramon Sintes beat up an unfaithful girlfriend, fails to weep at his mother's funeral, and kills a man on the beach for no real reason. For 10 points, name this author of The Fall and The Plague, who created the Arab-slaying Meursault in The Stranger.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-416b0e0bded34c63b369bf2ed1a960ca",
            "input": "One work by this composer includes the aria \"Bub und Reu\" and several versions of the tune \"O haupt voll Blut und Wunden.\" The soloists in one of his concerti are a violinist, an oboist, a recorder player, and a trumpeter. A religious piece by this man used a libretto by Picander to depict scenes from the Gospels. The third concerto in one collection by this composer is scored entirely for strings and only has two movements. That set of concerti by this composer was written for the Margrave a certain German state. For 10 points, name this baroque composer of the St. Matthew Passion and the Brandenburg Concertos.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77a9aa0a52be4dde91b2b15e3736fb56",
            "input": "One part of this modern day country agreed to outlaw slavery as part of the Sand River Convention. Leander Starr Jameson led a raid in this country, which was ruled by the National Party from 1948 until 1994. The Sharpeville Massacre resulted from protests against this country's pass laws, which were also a factor in an uprising in its Soweto Township. For 20 points, name this country which has been led by the ANC since 1993.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-75baee09ce94402586e59b26eb7bed59",
            "input": "This non-Swiss artist's time in Munich produced an image of a red-hewed man facing away and blowing a conch horn next to a floating, topless mermaid entitled Siren and Triton. Like the landscape Prometheus, that work arose from a formative period this man spent reinterpreting Arnold Bocklin. Another painting by him features a marble torso juxtaposed with a characteristic banana bunch, as well as a background locomotive this artist frequently depicted passing through Montparnasse station. This artist of The (*) Uncertainty of the Poet is best known for painting a girl playing with a hoop before a single looming shadow. For 10 points, name this metaphysical artist of Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0177500c570f49c2a0f90d1505b75965",
            "input": "A musician primarily known for playing this instrument wrote the songs \"Rocker\" and \"Jeru\", which appear on The Birth of the Cool, and led a band of his own on the album The Age of Steam. The Duke Ellington composition \"Cotton Tail\" was written for one player of this instrument. An album named for this instrument's supremacy was recorded by Sonny Stitt. Grafton produced a famous (*) plastic version of this instrument. One player of this instrument co-founded the band Weather Report with Joe Zawinul. The bass-player Paul Chambers lends his name to a song by one player of this instrument, who also wrote a song named for his daughter Naima. Gerry Mulligan, Ben Webster, and Wayne Shorter all played this instrument, which was played by the bandleader on Giant Steps. For 10 points, name this instrument played by John Coltrane.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6789ad2c46e6427c997b7e78e2f95b61",
            "input": "A prefix one of these is often used to store predictive dictionaries and can be implemented as a tagged union in ML. They are commonly used to sort keys for quick search lookup. One type of these allows in-order, pre-order, and post-order traversals. A balanced one has log entry-number worst-case runtime for insertion, deletion, and search; one always-balanced version is the red-black. This type of data structure consists of nodes that each have a unique parent node and link to some number of children nodes. For ten points, name these structures perhaps best known in their binary version, in which nodes are often called roots and leaves.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bfb7fc5321724e9286b8a4408b828c36",
            "input": "The Thabal Chongba dance is performed during this holiday. The Ganga-mela occurs during this holiday, which occurs during the month of Falgun. In some places, offerings of delicious Puran Poli are made to Agni during this holiday. Effigies of Hiranya-kashipu's (*) sister are burned during this holiday, and celebrations related to this holiday can take place on Rangapanchami, which occurs five days after this holiday. This holiday celebrates the triumph of Prahlada over his father, who had demanded that everyone pray to him instead of the gods, and it typically occurs in March on the solar calendar. For 10 points, celebrants throw colored powders at one another during what Hindu spring festival",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-adb017d174b0449a9d1af6871e302cfa",
            "input": "In this novel, one character invokes his Uncle James to defend his business judgment after offering another an investment of thirty thousand dollars, and another character angrily tells the protagonist of a proposed marriage between Mr. Wemmel and his typist Z'rilla. The protagonist sends free wares to a reporter who writes a favorable article about him, and refuses to (*) sell property to a group of businessmen from England out of his private knowledge that its value is overestimated. The protagonist's eldest daughter Penelope eventually marries his employee Tom Corey, and he has a falling out with his former partner Milton Rogers after being forced to sell out by the railroad companies and going bankrupt. For 10 points, name this novel following the decline of the titular paint magnate, a work of William Dean Howells.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d0a2ee2853e4fcbad5a241164c8684f",
            "input": "This author wrote about the affair between Alcee and Calixta while Babinot is away in \"The Storm.\" This author wrote about Louise Mallard, who dies upon learning that her husband had not, in fact, died in a railroad crash. One work by this author of \"The Story of an Hour\" ends with the protagonist drowning herself where she first tried to swim. This author created the characters Mademoiselle Reisz and Leonce, who is away in New York for much of a novel that opens at Grand Isle, where Robert Lebrun meets Edna Pontellier. For 10 points, name this female author of The Awakening.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e810cb38515747cead533bbaddd007d3",
            "input": "Isolation from the surrounding region occurred during the Yoldia Sea brackish stage and this body of water's initial formation occurred during the Younger Dryas stadial at the end of the Weichsel glaciation. A song title by the Dutch death-metal band Hail of Bullets suggests a massacre occurred at this place. According to the provisions set out by the Treaty of Tartu neither party could have warships above a certain tonnage on this body of water, and a common grave between the two signatories lies in Rahmaa Island located here. The (*) Road of Life was a supply transport across this body of water and provided relief during the Siege of Leningrad, and major tributaries of this body of water include the Volkhov and Svir Rivers and its primary outflow is the Neva. Located east of the Karelian Isthmus in Northwestern Russia, for 10 points, name this largest freshwater lake in Europe.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ef9501abf97450b837a11aa78db9c17",
            "input": "A dog named Mister Mars is stolen from the flat of Sammy Starfield in a novel set in this city that centers on the adventures of Finn and Jake, Iris Murdoch's novel Under the Net. Tobias Oates describes a man looking for Henry Phipps in another novel set in this city. That Peter Carey work about Jack Maggs is a reworking of a novel set here about an apprentice of Joe Gargary, who sees the death of Abel Magwitch. This home of Pip in Great Expectations is also the setting of a work that provides an eyewitness account of events like the Second Dutch War and the Great Fire. For 10 points, name this city, the home of diarist Samuel Pepys [Peeps].",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8cce8b05d59843769513992ef0cc610f",
            "input": "The largest factory producing crafts in the style of this period was at Meissen, near Dresden. In Germany its leading sculptor was Ignaz Gunther, while in France Etienne-Maurice Falconet was celebrated for his porcelain sculptures produced at Sevres. In Catholic Germany, the churches of Neumann and Dominikus Zimmerman exemplify this style, while in Italy its influence was confined primarily to Venice. Its primary Venetian proponent was the painter of The Apotheosis of the Spanish Republic and Tarquin and Lucretia, Giambattista Tiepolo, but it was most prominent in France, whose painters of this style included Francois Boucher, Antoine Watteau, and the artist of The Swing. FTP name this period of art that directly followed the Baroque, known for its overly ornate style as exemplified by Jean-Honore Fragonard.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5093fe6710d74616b70d43266ddd9215",
            "input": "It's not Jesus, but Anthony Burgess' novel Abba Abba spans the last few months of this man's life, and a poem about this man's death states, \"It is midsummer, but the air is cold.\" In the story \"Seymour--An Introduction\", Buddy Glass mentions a poem written by eight year old Seymour asking this man to \"[p]lease put a scarf on.\" Another poem addressed to this man states, \"Though dust, your finger still can push/The Vision Splendid to a birth,\" as the speaker describes a tree \"whose leaves/Grow music as they grow\" and states, \"I cannot hold my peace\" because \"[t]here never was a spring like this.\" For 10 points, name this addressee of a Countee Cullen poem who Longfellow described as a \"young Endymion sleep[ing] Endymion's sleep\", a Romantic poet who wrote things like \"Ode to a Nightingale\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1dd059260954b30886f27b4b3b5bb1c",
            "input": "A highly endangered species of crocodile is restricted to the basin of this river as well as that of the\\n Meta River. Tributaries of this river include the Caura, the Atabapo, and the Apure, as well as the Arauca.\\n Another tributary of this river joins it near a waterfall whose name is Spanish for \"drizzle.\" That tributary,\\n whose source is in the Guiana Highlands, is the Caroni River. The Casiquiare Canal connects this river to\\n the Rio Negro, thus connecting it to the Amazon system. For 10 points, name this river of Venezuela.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47f098696dfa45eea15dc6db76c7773a",
            "input": "It was co-discovered by its namesake and Robert Ochsenfeld in 1933. When tin crystlals were cooled below 3.72 Kelvin, the earth's magnetic field was expelled. A partial effect can be seen in some materials like vanadium and niobium, called type II superconductors, while an external magnetic field can be made so strong that the effect does not occur. FTP, name this effect, the falling off of the magnetic flux within a superconductor when it is cooled below a critical temperature in a magnetic field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1902fa14164546e78896e90af62cbf4f",
            "input": "On 8 Dhu i-Hijja, participants in this ritual chant Labbayka on top of the Rahma Mountain. On 13 Dhu, one may throw three stones on the jamrats, and one must perform the last umra. On the nominal last day of this event, participants sacrifice a goat, which introduces the festival of Id al-Kabir. One ritual associated with this observance is the wearing of an irahm, which makes one mirahm, and refers to dressing oneself in a white robe, and on 7 Dhu i-Hijja, one must spend the day praying in the Great Mosque in the destination associated with this observance. For ten points, identify this pillar of Islam, which refers to the requirement to travel to Mecca at least once.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-299f057177054f318acc837f41cf86bd",
            "input": "In the beginning of this book, three Jewish servants refuse to eat the food of the king, but nonetheless grow healthier on a diet of vegetables and water. In one part of this book sometimes omitted, two men disagree about the type of tree under which they claim a woman met her lover, leading to their deaths. In a different part of this book which is sometimes omitted, a giant creature is secretly fed through a trapdoor, which is revealed by the namesake of this book. In this book, Shadrach, Mashach, and Abed-Nego are thrown in a furnace. Later, the writing \"Mene, Mene, Tekel, Ufarsin\" appears on the wall at Belshazzar's Feast. The apocryphal sections of \"Susanna and the Elders\" and \"Bel and the Dragon\" sometimes appears in this book of the Bible. For 10 points, name this book named for a prophet whom King Darius throws into a den of lions.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de4d57adabd645ba956657834d30b1a5",
            "input": "Bruce Cork discovered the antiparticle partner for this particle in 1956, 24 years after James Chadwick discovered this particle itself in 1932. A free version of this particle has a mean lifetime of just under 15 minutes. A flavor change via a W boson from a down quark to an up quark causes this particle to decay, during which it produces an electron antineutrino, an electron, and another type of nucleon. The number of this particle in an atom determines the isotope of an element. For 10 points, identify this subatomic particle, slightly heavier than the proton, that has zero charge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dcd98a68838043b38ff9051f3febcb10",
            "input": "In prokaryotes, these organelles have a sedimentation coefficient of 70, while in eukaryotes it is 80. These organelles are composed of two subunits of unequal size, which consist of proteins and RNA. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is so called because it is covered with these. They decode messenger RNA to produce a chain of amino acids, a process known as translation. For 10 points, name these organelles which assemble proteins.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba22e5e2cd5c4115925b1fb3a5e5adb2",
            "input": "This author wrote novels in which a soldier returns from war and founds a \"Church Without Christ\" and one in which a boy tries to escape from his destiny as a prophet, with hallucinations and all. In a collection of this author's short prose, the titular story concerns Julian watching his mother suffer a stroke after stepping off a bus on her way to the YMCA. In another tale from the same collection, a woman is attacked in the waiting room at her doctor's office and interprets her assailant's words as a sign from God. Name this author of Wise Blood and The Violent Bear It Away, who also wrote, for 10 points, \"Everything That Rises Must Converge\" and \"A Good Man Is Hard to Find\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4269172293244159be144619f000f944",
            "input": "Vermont Governor William A. Palmer and Pennsylvania governor Joseph Ritner were members of this party which was heavily supported by Thurlow Weed and his numerous publications. Sending several men to the 32nd Congress its presidential candidate carried only Vermont in the 1832 presidential election. Started after the dissapearance of William Morgan, they nominated Willaim Wirt at a convention in Baltimore, the first national nominating conventional held. FTP, identify this American political party that was against secret societies, particularly the namesake one.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b81f9239ba7748ca9c6b10d02936a9a9",
            "input": "The Kabat numbering scheme is a widely adopted standard for numbering the residues in these, however, the Chothia scheme is considered to be more accurate. The Coombs Test screens for these molecules in blood transfusions, and ELISA is a biochemical technique used to find them in any sample. Gerald Edelman and Joseph Gally discovered the light chain portion of these molecules, of which lambda and kappa varieties exist in mammals. In the genes coding for these, a site-specific recombinase called RAG mediates recombination between V and J sites in VDJ recombination, creating over 2 million unique N-termini for these molecules, known as binding sites, that adhere to Paulings lock and key mechanism.. FTP, identify these biological molecules composed of two light chains and two heavy chains that are produced in B-cells and recognize antigens.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bdc601abf3954dd7ac1458297282bebb",
            "input": "Under this government, the dismissal of the Confucian advisor Arai Hakuseki prompted the transformation of rice markets into security exchanges with the appointment of nengyoji. Price controls were lifted under Mizuno Tadakuni's Tenpo Reforms, and the beginning of this polity saw the passage of the sakoku, or exclusion edict. This government set up an system of alternating attendance among feudal lords, and was brought down by a movement that sought to \"revere the emperor and expel the barbarians\". The Sakuradamon Incident saw the assassination of Ii Naosuke for his signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, an extension of the Convention of Kanagawa pushed forward by Matthew Perry. For 10 points, name this Japanese government that existed before the Meiji Restoration.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a022073719ec45089ebe601799a8d431",
            "input": "This reaction is often used to determine the structure of complex amines by converting them to simpler amines. In violation of Zaitsev's rule, the major product in this reaction is the least substituted alkene, while the minor product is known as the Zaitsev product. In this E2 reaction, a quaternary ammonium salt is treated with an excess of methyl iodide and with silver oxide to give an ammonium hydroxide, which is heated to give the final product. FTP, identify this elimination reaction which converts a quaternary ammonium salt to an alkene and an amide.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0ea7ec94e844789980a0d5cdac18973",
            "input": "This structure does not function correctly in those with Stargardt disease, and certain cells in the capillaries of this structure can cause Scheerer's phenomenon. Muller glial cells found in this structure can dedifferentiate into multipotent progenitor cells, and Tay-Sachs disease is often diagnosed by a red spot on it. This structure receives oxygen from the choroid coat, which separates it from the (*) sclera. This structure's most sensitive region is the fovea, which is located at the center of its macula. Vitamin A is necessary for the function of this structure, which has a \"blind spot\" where it connects to the optical nerve. Rods and cones are found in, for ten points, which inner layer of the eye that sends optical signals to the brain",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2097093ba6e243eb8699d60ad7909be3",
            "input": "In his first year of rule, he avoided war with one of his neighbors with the Peace of Knared. Shortly thereafter he sent an abortive expedition to seize the fortification of Dunamunde in an attempt to overthrow his initial rival for the throne, Sigismund III. After defeating his cousin, he would form the Corpus Evangelicorum, which he led at the Alte Veste and to victory at Breitenfeld. FTP, name this king who became known as the \"Lion of the North,\" until he was capped at Lutzen while leading his Swedish forces in the Thirty Years' War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f694ead90094f4198bf9fb29bfbcc58",
            "input": "One of this mans works describes a composer who frequently meets the titular being after his childs death, while another of his works describes a patient suffering from cancer who is fascinated with chrysanthemums. In addition to \"Aghwee the Sky Monster\" and \"The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away,\" he also wrote about a boy who helps an African American POW that parachuted into his village. This story, The Catch, won him the Akutagawa Award. He also wrote about Mitsuhiro and Takashi's adventures in the town of Okubo, while his later stories parallel the relationship between him and his autistic son, Hikari. For ten points, name this author of Nip the Bud, Shoot the Kids, The Silent Cry, and A Personal Matter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e71e9bb67c24b7780ee2ad8aa8b2c10",
            "input": "This author was dubbed \"Ironic\" in the title of Erich Heller's book about him. His Brazilian mother Julia inspired Consuelo, the mother of a character who is mistaken for an escaped con man and nearly arrested on a visit to his hometown. In that novella by this author, the protagonist discusses art with the painter Lizaveta Ivanovna and attends a ball where he sees people who resemble his childhood friends Hans Hansen and Ingeborg Holm. One of his characters continually encounters a (*) red-haired man whose face is caked with white makeup and repeatedly notices the odor of disinfectant used to ward off the spread of cholera. An erotic obsession with a Polish boy named Tadzio fills the last days of Gustav von Aschenbach in a 1912 novella by this author. For 10 points, name this German author of Tonio Kroger and Death in Venice.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b92d3eb811ba41b38e8407c6bf821368",
            "input": "The narrator of this work recalls digging through the flooded Palace of Justice to recover 322 pages of a brief. One character in this work confuses the bad omen of birds with the good omen of trees when interpreting her sons dream. Another character in this novel writes weekly letters for seventeen years until her former lover returns them all unopened. Father Amador is distracted from its title event by the arrival of the bishop on a steamboat, and that event is sparked after Bayardo San Roman returns one character to her mother. The butcher Faustino is asked to sharpen two pairs of knives in this work; those knives are used by the Vicario twins after their sister Angela informs them that Santiago Nasar took her virginity. For 10 points, name this 1981 novella by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66ed4f771bc7452e846c2737c61be3d0",
            "input": "This mans first wife shares her name with a daughter of Erechtheus who was the mother of Achaeus and Ion. His father was a son of Capys who traveled with Antenor on a failed mission to ransom Hesione. This man rescues Achaemenides while leading a band that includes Palinurus and the faithful Achates. He defeats king Mezentius after allying with king Evander, and he avenges the death of Evanders son Pallas by killing a prince of the Rutuli. After losing his first wife, Creusa, he marries the daughter of Amata and Latinus, Lavinia. FTP, name this son of Anchises whose adventures following the Trojan War were recounted in a namesake epic poem written by Virgil.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1468fcef71c3444db25b58bdf1acf52b",
            "input": "was discovered in 1986 by Roger Davies, Alan Dressler and five other scientists collectively known as The Seven Samurai. Its discovery was made clear due to peculiarities in the Tully-Fischer relationship of up to 700 kilometers-per-second and is associated with a filament-like red-shift that is directed back at the observer; a pattern called the Fingers of God. Some astronomers believe that it is a supercluster with its center at Abell 3627, but since it lies within the Zone of Avoidance in the direction of the Hydra and Centaurus constellations, studies made to research this object in the visible spectrum have been made difficult. This structure is located just in front of a 500 million light year long filament of both baryonic and dark matter called the Great Centaurus Wall. Recently estimated to be 250 million light years across, FTP, identify this gravitational anomaly that is named from its tendency to draw galaxies toward it.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57e83b8e6e0545b0a26dcceca6b61b5d",
            "input": "The Treaty of Tngsberg secured concessions for it from the Norwegian king Eric II Priest-hater, while the relocation of a Kontor to Dordrecht induced Philip the Bold to renew its privileges. Piracy by the Victualler Brethren was long a threat to it, especially during the slow break up of the Union of Calmar. The Treaty of Straslund with Waldemar IV of Denmark marked its apex. Before that pact, Waldemar had sacked one member, Visby in Gotland, though by the time of its demise 300 years later, only Bremen, Hamburg, and Lbeck remained as major centers. FTP, name this medieval trade organization, which dominated commerce throughout most of Northern Europe.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6dca56b15ac744b1b648270713650174",
            "input": "One character in this play is accused of being as subtle as \"George Bernard Shaw as an elephant\" when he catches two people kissing at the end of the first act. One character in this play tells a story about a man who nearly caused a fire in a shop on Flood Street when he left a heater burning for two days without water, and earlier that character plays a game with the eight year old Bert pretending there is a jail in his basement. Frank Lubey works on creating a horoscope of November 25th for a boy who is commemorated with an apple tree that is split by lightning before the action of the first act. In this play Annie Deever gives a devastating letter to Kate in which Larry admits to committing suicide after hearing about the illicit death of twenty-one pilots. For 10 points, name this play in which Chris discovers his father Joe Keller knowingly sold faulty plane parts, written by Arthur Miller.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6c1e13de50d4526b8740233f23641fa",
            "input": "Philip of Cognac was the only and illegitimate son of this man, who is buried at the Abbey of Fontevraud. His engagement with Alix, countess of the Vexin did not result in marriage, as allegedly his own father took her as mistress; he married Berengaria of Navarre instead. That marriage took place in Limassol after this man conquered Cyprus from Isaac Comnenus. He came to the rescue of his sister, Queen Joan, in Sicily, and forced Tancred to release her and reinstate her dowry. Leopold V of Austria imprisoned him in Durnstein, and both his brother and Philip II of France plotted to keep him prisoner; instead, he was released on a huge ransom and returned to England. He died in 1199, allegedly in the arms of his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. FTP Name this son of Henry II and brother of King John, leader of the 3rd crusade",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2cd124318fc647b3ac63479622ffb14f",
            "input": "In topological insulators, one version of this effect gives rise to a defect-resistant current induced by spin-orbit coupling. In graphene, this effect is shifted by one half, giving rise to an anomalous minimum of the relevant quantity, which can allow for ballistic transport. A more complex version of it was discovered in gallium arsenide and can be explained by Laughlin quasiparticles; this is referred to as the fractional version. This effect can be understood in terms of partial filling of Landau levels and has characteristic \"plateaus\", and it yields numbers called filling factors. Discovered by Klaus von Klitzing when studying a two-dimensional electron gas, for 10 points, identify this effect in which conductivity in a strong magnetic field is quantized.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb98bba2e8b749258d734e66b778fa92",
            "input": "At the end, the antagonist is required to sell food made from dogs' asses while cursing at prostitutes. Although one character claims that he will be even crueler than the antagonist to win his office, it turns out that like most politicians, he never intended to fulfill his campaign promises, as the Sausage Seller instead rules fairly and brings a truce in the form of a beautiful maiden. The play was a thinly-veiled allegory, as the master's name means 'the people,' and the Steward from Paphlagonia represents the man who insulted an earlier play of the author. Cleon's insult of The Babylonians may have led to, for 10 points, what play by Aristophanes, named for some cavalry",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-061fffc30e00447ba2c44c543e865ad7",
            "input": "This psychologist wrote a book about flying saucers subtitled A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies. Stephen Hoeller wrote a commentary on one work by this psychologist, a gnostic work entitled Seven Sermons to the Dead. He analyzed the poet Leonard Bacon, a cousin of another of his patients, the alcoholic Rowland Hazard III. This psychologist described his journey to Kenya and Uganda in his autobiography, (*) Memories, Dreams, Reflections. He presents a view of the libido which diverges from that of Freud, and his Red Book was not published until 2009. He described innate tendencies such as the shadow, the trickster, the mother, and the anima and animus. FTP, name this Swiss psychiatrist who worked on archetypes and the collective unconscious.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1aecd19568b434ab5e61b20da9f494a",
            "input": "This author published a collection of poetry called Temple of the Lark, and his university lectures were published as Architecture of the New Life. This man translated the Popul Vuh into Spanish and later used it as the basis for a lyrical set of fairy tales named after his home country that won the Silla Monsegur prize. This author decried the United Fruit Company in his (*) Banana Trilogy. In another of his stories, Gaspar Ilom leads a revolution against the planter caste. In his most famous work, General Canales escapes an attempt on his life but Cara de Angel is made to believe Camila has become the titular character's mistress. That titular character is based on the dictator Estrada Cabrera. For 10 points, name this Guatemalan Nobel Laureate who wrote El Senor Presidente.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62bc66af7380437dbcfc0ef44576faac",
            "input": "In one work, this character is played by a countertenor and sings the arias \"In si torbida procella\" and \"Vedeste mai sul prato\". In another work, which is named for this character, he is portrayed by a alto castrato and attempts to win the love of Asteria. In addition to the Vivaldi opera Bajazet and an opera in Italian by Handel, this character appears in one play in which Mycetes, the Persian emperor, is overthrown by a coalition containing Cosroe, the brother of Mycetes, and the father of this character's wife Zenocrates. In that work, this character would conquer Turkey and use the Turkish king Bajazeth as a footstool while keeping him and his wife Zabina in a cage, before killing his son Calyphas and burning a copy of the Qur'an. For 10 pointsname this Central Asian conqueror and title character of a Christopher Marlowe play.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2ba86576faf483082f07be691a3ecb6",
            "input": "In the 20th-century a second form of it has been championed by Alvin Plantinga, Norman Malcolm, and Charles Hartshorne. It was first criticized by Pierre Gassendi and later by Kant who, in the Critique of Pure Reason, argued that the analysis of a concept can never lead to its object. Godel's version used modal logic to symbolize its various premises as truth statements, and Descartes' version is predicated on the premise that existence itself is a necessary perfection. First systematized by St. Anselm, FTP, name this theory that posits the reality of God based on his essence.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3be9acdeb975492aaa86773d93a3a603",
            "input": "According to Apollodorus, this mythological figure buried Ascalaphus beneath a rock in Hades; when Heracles freed him, this figure turned him into an owl. After a foolish act by King Erisychthon, she tormented him with an unending hunger leading him to eventually devour his own flesh. She lent her chariot, pulled by winged dragons, to the mortal Triptolemus, who was the brother of a boy she allowed to be burned to death. That figure, Demophon, was the son of Metanira and Celeus, at whose home this deity stayed in the guise of an old woman named Doso while she searched for her child. The mother of the horse Arion with Poseidon, FTP, name this Olympian who, with her brother Zeus, was the mother of Persephone.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3bbcfda04f54e1083ec6229200ebedf",
            "input": "This person objected to a portrayal of him as Claude Lantier in the novel LOuevre, which caused him to break with Zola. Early works like 1867s The Abduction focus on haunting themes, but he soon took up Romanticism, as evidenced by Young Girl at the Piano - Overture to Tannhuser. This artist turned to Impressionism in the 1870s with a series of views of his home at Jas de Bouffan. His later paintings were so deliberate that Still Life with Apples and Still Life with Plate of Cherries that depict waxed fruit. For ten points, identify this French Post-Impressionist painter best known for a series of views of Mont St. Victoire.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2060a74441ea49d481ae905525d19b7b",
            "input": "During a storm, this man accidentally killed the hospitable king of the Doliones, Cyzicus. He sired twins before abandoning the malodorous isle of Lemnos and its queen, Hypsipyle. This son of Alcimede yoked two bronze-hoofed, fire-breathing bulls and carried a (*) goddess disguised as an old woman across a river. He was sent by his uncle, king Pelias of Iolcus, to deal with Aeetes after arriving home wearing only one sandal. That journey took him through the Symplegades to Colchis and back through the Hellespont. For 10 points, name this husband of Medea, a Greek hero who sailed in search of the Golden Fleece with the Argonauts.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c7afbc247cd24e4b98040f9e3a543baf",
            "input": "This artist of The Trench and the Trinity also depicted two versions of the same scene, one of which was entitled Modern Migration of the Spirit and the other of which was entitled Christ Destroys His Cross. This man also painted Science and a man on his knees receiving light from heaven in Omniscience Several academically clad skeletons look on as a skeleton delivers a skeleton baby from a skeleton mother in this artists work Gods of the Modern World, which appeard as part of this artists series in the Dartmouth library. This artist painted the three demons encircling the title immolated figure in his circular work Man on Fire, while in a better known work, he depicted the arrival of an Aztec god. For ten points, identify his muralist who painted, The Coming of Quetzalcoatl, a Mexican.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31d0c88b9d2642c4864fc906864a1ae4",
            "input": "He was born in Maryland in 1777 and married Francis Scott Key's sister in 1806. He was appointed Andrew Jackson's second attorney general in 1831, but when Jackson attempted to make him secretary of the treasury in 1833, he became the first presidential cabinet nominee to be rejected by the Senate. Three years later, despite the opposition of Henry Clay, John Calhoun, and Daniel Webster, he was accepted by Congress as John Marshall's successor on the Supreme Court. FTP, name this controversial chief justice most remembered for writing the majority opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott decision.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b49101db06124496903af74adedaefe7",
            "input": "Guido Reni's series on this man was commissioned by Federico Gonzaga and sits in the Villa Favorita in Mantua, and he is the subject of a series of Zurbaran works notable for their lack of religious content and which lie in Madrid's Buenretiro. Paolo Veronese depicted this man as being rather fat in a work which puts him next to Ceres and an enthroned personification of Venice. In another Paolo Veronese painting of this man, a succubus emerges from a woman's red dress as he is having his silver-white silk clothes grabbed by a woman in a green dress. Besides Allegory of Vice and Virtue, in a sculpture this man was depicted grabbing another figure, who arches his back as his legs flail and this man thrusts his hips forward, crushing his opponent. Depicted alongside Antaeus in a work of Antonio Pollaiuolo, for 10 points, name this mythological figure noted for twelve labours.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf5714ebb33247cca35cd97bfb40ae76",
            "input": "This man came dangerously close to losing most of his money investing in an invention by the  \"Austrian Edison\", Jan Szczepanik. Although his namesake Memory Builder game failed to find an audience, he found mild success with a patented Self-Pasting Scrap Book. He lost big investing in a new method for engraving called Kaolatype and in James W. Paige's imperfect (*) typesetting machine. This man's publishing house produced an unpopular biography of Pope Leo XIII which erased much of the profit it earned from publishing the memoirs of his close friend, Ulysses S. Grant. This author of \"King Leopold's Soliloquy\" served as vice-president of the American Anti-Imperialist League. For 10  points, name this author of non-fiction work like Following the Equator and A Tramp Abroad.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f52ea8c64704f0eb6d9efc06d1ae59f",
            "input": "In one of his last written words, this man claimed that his blood will be an immortal flame that upholds the sacred will to resist, and that speech ends with an image of this man walking towards history, leaving life to enter history. This man's early career was helped because of Antonio Borges, and he came to power provisionally when Junta Pacificadora. This ruler was succeeded by Jose Linhares, and after he commited suicide Joao Filho took over his role. This man instigated a new Constitution for his contry in 1934. This man was in power when the Integralists rose, and he also tried to assassinate Carlos Lacerda during the crime of Rua Tonelero. For ten points, name this instigator of the Estado Novo who served as dictator of Brazil 1930 to 1945.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e98b4d2ff77c40a7bd8ad7a9bcf1f2de",
            "input": "The Presbyterian Church was established in this modern-day country by Canadian missionary and teeth-pulling enthusiast George Mackay. A duck farmer briefly took control of this nation during a 1721 rebellion. Dutch troops were murdered in 1629 in Madou in this country. General Instruments set up an electronic assembly plant in this country's pioneering > export-processing zone, and its namesake economic miracle produced tech companies like BenQ. After a bystander was killed in fight between police and a cigarette smuggler in this country, a crowd gathered the next day and staged the (*) 2-28 protest, which ultimately spawned the forty-year White Terror. The ruling party in this country lost out to a rival group which went on the Long March. For 10 points, name this island nation ruled by the Kuomingtang.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56c974d7638942d69864af3d0b170a85",
            "input": "This artist's The Fairman Rogers Four in Hand was based off the photographs of Eadweard Muybridge who showed that all four of a horse's legs leave the ground while it is galloping. One work by this artist shows a group of six naked men swimming in a lake. In another work by this painter, a man in the foreground sits in a rowboat while on the Schuylkill River. In addition to (*) The Swimming Hole and Max Schmitt in a Single Scull, this artist painted a work in which a group of students listen to a lecture by the title professor about a surgery being performed at Jefferson Medical College. For 10 points, name this American artist of The Gross Clinic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9edcae1155d14b468d29bcea7ec51a27",
            "input": "This man's first published article discusses why the Paducah was renamed the Geula and recounts his experience on a South American fruit freighter which smuggled Jews into British Palestine. Inspired by that example in \"Beds for Bananas,\" he formulated the \"dilemma of Heinz,\" in which a man breaks into a pharmacy to steal a new drug in order to save his wife. His assistant Carol Gilligan wrote the 1982 book In A Different Voice alleging that his major theory is biased towards \"privileged white males. \" He identified \"naive hedonism,\" \"good boy\" and \"individual principles of conscience\" as sub-stages in his major theory, which generally assigns children to \"pre-conventional,\" \"conventional,\" and \"post-conventional\" stages. FTP, name this American psychologist who created a hierarchy of moral development.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c50d179e92ec455cada96f2dc43a2ed8",
            "input": "Minor characters in this work include Flora Bervoix, the Marchese dObigny, and the Commissionario. The libretto for it was adapted from Dumas The Lady of the Camellias. Arias in this opera include Di Madride noi siam mattadori, sung by Gastone and the bullfighters, and one beginning Act III shared by the soprano Annina and the operas main character, a courtesan. Giorgio and Alfredo Germont pursue the titular fallen woman, Violetta Valery. For ten points, identify this opera by Giussepe Verdi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6ab3a4d6192428dbd2cdd796517a364",
            "input": "Mistakes made by this politician include the exile of Jose Limantour, leader of the Cientificos, and including a \"no re-elections\" slogan in his opposition to Lerdo de Tejada, which became the Plan of Tuxtepec and was issued from Oaxaca. Advocating \"bread or stick\" governing, this target of the Plan of San Luis Patosi served in the War of the (*) Reform and used the rurales to push Hacienda owners to modernization after coming to power by battling against Jaurez. He lost power following an offhand mark to James Creelman of Pearson's Magazine, after which his exiling of Bernardo Reyes and forged election results against Francisco Madero sparked the Mexican Revolution. FTP, identify this man who was overthrown as President of Mexico in 1911 after first assuming office in 1876.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ce08d5d589547c1a334fdb73a12ef4d",
            "input": "In one scene in this work, a group sings the song \"O welche Lust\" before remembering that they need to stay quiet or they could be caught, and that group would later sing \"Leb wohl, du warmes Sonnenlicht\" when they are discovered roaming free in the garden by a character who sings \"Ha, welch ein Augenblick! \" before telling another character to sound a trumpet when a minister arrives. In addition to Pizarro, one scene in this work sees Marzelline sing \"Jetzt, Schtzchen, jetzt sind wir allein\", in which she reveals that she is in love with the title character, who reveals himself at the end of this work to be the wife of Florestan. For 10 pointsname this opera about Leonore by Ludwig van Beethoven.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0184f6446e64dbdb7a8ef4c1ae8d89b",
            "input": "Rado developed a sigma function for one of these objects, and Martin developed one of the first of a special variety, which are named for Post and are defined as program formulations of simple ones. The Cohen-Kung theorem guarantees that the trajectory of one of them, Langton's Ant, is unbounded, and another example of them is the Busy Beaver. It is undecidable whether a particular one will stop for a certain input, a dilemma called the halting problem, and their namesake lends his name along with Church's to a thesis governing them. Consisting of a tape, action table, state register and a read/write 'head,' FTP, name these simple devices which can be adapted to perform the logic of any computer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-97d6da15af2b4875865163d274c49597",
            "input": "This nation's Podocarpus National Park is home to an endemic species of conifer and many other plants. The largest province of this country is Azuay. One island group controlled by this country includes Floreana Island and Isabela Island. This country is home to the farthest location from the (*) Earth's center, Mount Chimborazo. This country is home to the large active volcano Cotopaxi. Its largest city is Guayaquil. For 10 points, name this South American nation with capital at Quito.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3b5a1973593436f9c85cf73bf46f5de",
            "input": "graph theory, this word describes a path in an undirected graph that meets each vertex only once such as that of the edge graph of a dodecahedron; such paths are described using the Bondy-Chvatal theorem. Systems described by this adjective include dynamical billiards and gravitational orbits as the forces in these systems are independent of the velocities. These systems are often formulated with a namesake vector field that exists on a symplectic manifold or more generally on an arbitrary Poisson manifold. In physical chemistry, the Dyall form of this operator involves the sum of the products of orbital energies and spin-traced operators for a two-electron system, while the more commonly used form of this operator is equal to negative h-bar squared over twice the mass times the Laplacian plus the potential energy of the system and corresponds to the observable of the total energy of that system. FTP, identify this ubiquitous adjective in math and sciences that is named after a 19th century Irish physicist and mathematician with first and middle names William Rowan.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f59a2ecd99f4420b584d747f180382a",
            "input": "In this tissue, the presence of bordered pits in the walls of cells prevents the formation of embolisms. The secondary kind of this tissue is located on the interior of the vascular cambium and comprises heartwood and sapwood. Transport in this tissue is partially caused by root pressure, and the secondary walls of its cells are (*) lignified. Cohesion-tension theory describes how transpirational pull moves sap through this type of tissue, which is composed of vessel elements and longer, thinner tracheids. Cells are dead at maturity in, for 10 points, what water-transport tissue that is found in plants and contrasted with phloem",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-968f301df13747bb8b3eb97cd6f3e014",
            "input": "This countrys city of San Miguel de Tucuman was once a dominant trading center, and in 1820 this country was home to the League of the Free Peoples led by Jose Gervasio Artigas, who was in exile from his native Uruguay. Juan Facundo Quiroga led a civil war against early president Bernardino Rivadavia, and Juan Manuel de Rosas dominated this country in a confederation. Eduardo Leonardi overthrew another leader, who was supported by Descamisados or Shirtless Ones, and his wife died after running for vice president. FTP, name this country, where you can find gauchos on the pampas, and which was home to Juan Peron and his wife Evita.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f90d2e0d8fde4085b1184549426afada",
            "input": "The crumpled pages of this work alert a rescue party to the location of train wreck survivor Ashoke Ganguli in a 2004 novel. This work's protagonist, a short pock-marked man with reddish balding hair, goes home at night to make capital and lower case letters. He later resolves to deprive himself of nighttime tea and other small comforts to supplement the fourty kopecks he had already saved. The protagonist dies delirious in a snowstorm but his ghost returns to rob the Person of Consequence. FTP, all of these events are related to Akaky Akakievich's obsession with the title object in what Nikolai Gogol short story",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80db2be5ff954a05a8698d8009a3e17a",
            "input": "Jan Palach set himself on fire to protest the failure of this movement, whose only short-term result was the federalism espoused by NAME Husak, who made an alliance of convenience with the hardliners. The attempted revival of the Social Democratic party, the churches, and the Boy Scout movement frightened the country's neighbors, but it was the publication of Ludvik Vaculik's \"Two Thousand Words\" manifesto in the Literary Gazette that spurred them to action. Despite the conference of Warsaw Pact leaders at Cierna-nad-Tisou in Slovakia, tanks were sent to repress this move toward \"socialism with a human face,\" an initiative of Alexander Dubcek. FTP, name this short-lived 1968 season of liberal reform in the Czech capital.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f20268a954a4d43a51eeba3e48f8edf",
            "input": "In one poem, this author wrote that the value of the subject's love was worth \"more than whole mines of gold or all the riches that the East doth hold.\" Another work by this poet looks at a place where once \"lay that store\" the poet \"counted best,\" which now \"in ashes lie.\" She wrote that poem after her house caught fire. For 10 points, name this early American female poet of \"To My Dear and Loving Husband\" and \"Verses Upon the Burning of Our House\" who had her works published in The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1b3e398d829476ba2bb778f4ea15a7e",
            "input": "During the Renaissance, this city was home to the printing press of Aldus Manutius, which printed the first European editions of major Greek classics. The majority of galleys for the Holy League at the Battle of Lepanto were provided by Spain and this city. Rulers of this city, such as Enrico Dandolo, annually threw a ring into the Adriatic to celebrate this city's symbolic marriage to the sea. For 10 points, name this northeast Italian city once ruled by doges, which is built on a series of canals.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ce716c6f15e45bc91ac2f699e6cf5eb",
            "input": "In one novel by this author, the no-good Henry Scaddon steals the identity of Maurice Christian Bycliffe and hides out as a servant, and an election day riot jeopardizes the career of Harold Transome. This author of Felix Holt, The Radical also wrote about Dunstan Cass's skeleton being found alongside a pile of gold in a pit in a book where Eppie is adapted by the title \"weaver of Raveloe.\" For 10 points, name this novelist of Middlemarch and Silas Marner.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d9496a505064d01a08c18da4c64dbfa",
            "input": "Early unfinished operas by this composer include Oedipus in Athens and Salammb. These operas lack the nationalism that would characterize his later works such as Khovanshchina, an opera based on the Moscow uprising of 1682. A common theme in his works is the plight of the downtrodden, something he can relate to since his aristocratic family was pushed into poverty upon the emancipation of the serfs. A famous portrait by Ilya Repin portrays him just days before his death at age 42. He made many versions of the choral work A Night on Bald Mountain, while he is better known for the opera Boris Godunov. For ten points, identify this Russian composer of Pictures at an Exhibition, a member of the Five.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19a1c8104074417f8050e9fdc9a7f41a",
            "input": "This country's northernmost town is Longyearbyen, which is also the northernmost town in the world. This country's capital city sits on the Aker River and it was formerly known as Christiania. This country is home to the 2008 European Capital of Culture, and the host of the 1994 Winter Olympics. Those cities are Stavanger and Lillehammer respectively. In 2011 Utoya Island in this country was the site of a massacre committed by Anders Behring Breivik. For 10 points, name this country which owns the Svalbard Archipelago and has its capital at Oslo.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06656c618dd1442ea349408d7868c42c",
            "input": "This poet wrote The firefly wakens; waken thou with me in his poem Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal. The title objects of one poem are described as Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail / That brings our friends up from the underworld, and another poem starts with the line the wood decays, and woods decay and fall. In addition to Tears, Idle Tears and Tithonus, the title character of one poem comments much have I seen ands knowncities of men and later declares he needs to strive, to seek to, and not to yield. and another poem includes the assertion Theirs not to reason why / Theirs but to do and die. For 10 points, name this Victorian poet who wrote Ulysses and The Charge of the Light Brigade.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-562445dd071d41518c7e790be2f5eb92",
            "input": "During the decline of this empire, King Hyspaosines broke away to found a small kingdom called Characene, and at the age of eighty, Sanatruces was made king of this empire by the Sacaraucae Scythians. The city of Nisa served as the burial ground of this empire's kings, who were descended from the Parni people. This empire agreed to open the Silk Road with their Chinese contemporaries, the Han, under King Mithridates II. Tigranes the Great took advantage of this empire's weakness to expand his own lands, and at the Battle of Golpayegan this empire's last ruler, Artabanus IV, was killed by the forces of Ardashir I. This empire's all cavalry army annihilated a Roman force at the Battle of Carrhae and killed Crassus, and earlier its founder, Arsaces, had proclaimed their independence from the Seleucids. For 10 points, name this Persian empire which often fought Rome and was defeated and succeeded by the Sassanids.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f28c2007d115498ea1e7241880e9e446",
            "input": "Its fourth section introduces us to two women, the latter of whom, Vera, was a former mistress of this novel's protagonist. Another woman, whom the narrator acquired in exchange for stealing a horse, is the subject of the first section, \"Bela. \"  The aforementioned fourth section, \"Princess Mary,\" ends with the protagonist's duel with Grushnisky, an eerie foreshadowing of the author's own death. The first two sections involve Maksim Maksimych, but all of the five tales in this novel feature the Byronic officer in the Caucasus, Pechorin. FTP, name this novel by Mikhail Lermontov.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-447a4757dc8940668587e12ef818d094",
            "input": "Karisini is an aspect of this deity associated with dung. This deity is associated with a white elephant named Sri-gaja, and the Atharva Veda describes two deities with this name, one good and one bad. According to the Puranas, this deity was the child of Brighu and Khyati, and the three fires are sometimes said to be the sons of this deity. When grouped with three similar deities, this figure is associated with the color red. The mount of this gold-skinned deity is the owl, and this figure can frequently be seen carrying a lotus flower. Avatars of this deity include Kamala, who was married to a dwarf, and Dharani, who was married to an ax-wielding figure. For ten points, name this Hindu goddess of good fortune who is the consort of Vishnu.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ee84be2ada8432ba89dd82af0497867",
            "input": "In one section, this work discusses a soldier who masters the concept of \"contour\" and is unable to define \"contour\" but is able to relate how he mastered it to argue that abstract concepts are not learned, and only the way in which the term is used is learned. This work claims that \"specialist theories\" can only be philosophically analyzed uniformly via a general vocabulary as part of its author's interpretation of \"ordinary language\". The logical cause and effect relationship between reason and action is expanded under an assumption of physicality into an infinite regression of prior actions, part of an extended criticism of the \"type-error\" or \"category-mistake\" which arises from applying perceptual definitions to non-perceptual mental processes. Describing a certain philosophy as relying on a \"ghost in the machine\", for 10 points, name this behaviorist-influenced attack on Cartesian dualism written by Gilbert Ryle.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ea5c07a8c894cf6809cc090bf4b2384",
            "input": "This author of Three Essays on Religion wrote a treatise which explains the different sensations produced by drunkenly breaking dishware versus listening to classical music. Author of A System of Logic, he produced a political work which declares the idea of truth always triumphing a pleasant falsehood and establishes the harm principle. In another of his essays, he decries the conversion of a physical fact into a legal right and bemoans the survival of marriage as a form of legalized slavery, advocating the equality of the sexes. For ten points, name this author of Utilitarianism, On Liberty, and The Subjection of Women.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-61638a3831e34059a3cec4ce09250800",
            "input": "The losing side in this battle was accompanied by the recently exiled tyrant Hippias. This battle occurred after one side sacked Eretria as retribution for participating in the Ionian Revolt. That side's forces were legendarily driven to madness during this battle by the intervention of the god Pan. The peaceful festivities of Carnea delayed the arrival of one army to this battle, in which Datis and Artaphernes were defeated by (*) Miltiades. The Athenians defeated the first Persian invasion under Darius I in, for ten points, what battle that prompted Pheidippides to run 26.2 miles to deliver news of victory",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96d57352d8cb43169bec7168116ab166",
            "input": "A recent John Adams piece fictionally claims that his father knew this man. His chamber works include From the Side Hill and The Other Side of Pioneering, while his Second Symphony ends with a chord nicknamed \"the Bronx Cheer. \"  Central Park in the Dark was written as a response to the \"cosmic drama\" of a better-known piece dominated by woodwinds seeking \"the invisible answer. \"  In addition to The Unanswered Question, he wrote a piano sonata with movements nicknamed for Emerson and Hawthorne, and the Alcotts. For 10 points, name this eclectic American composer of The Concord Sonata and Three Places in New England.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0a2869685be4dde816292c11829f038",
            "input": "This author wrote about a rheumatic Count living in Naples who is mugged by a member of the criminal group Camorra in \"Il Conde. \" One of this writer's characters burns down his house on the Pantai River after his daughter Nina runs away with Dain Maroola. In one novel Mr. Jukes pacifies the Chinese passengers who had their silver dollars scattered across the hull of the Nan-Shan when Tom MacWhir navigates the ship through a storm. He wrote a novel ending when Winnie stabs her husband after Inspector Heat gets him to admit he trained Winnie's retarded brother Stevie to blow up the Greenwich Observatory. In addition to writing Typhoon and The Secret Agent he described Charles Gould entrusting Giovanni Fidanza to hide silver found in the San Tome mines of Costaguana in his novel Nostromo. For 10 points, name this writer who described Marlow going down the Congo to find Kurtz in Heart of Darkness.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5cbd1bdb255495cbd89d76aa4fbd178",
            "input": "Son of the \"Lord and Lady of Duality,\" this deity, one of the four \"active\" gods, is associated with the color white. He was pursued by a pack of quails along with his twin brother after the \"Lord of the Sojourn of the Dead\" was irked at his attempts to create a new race, and he had earlier helped his one-time (*) rival capture Cipactli, who bit off that rival's foot. The brother of the god of magicians, the psychopomp Xolotl, this god sprayed some bones with blood from his penis, creating humanity, whom he provided with a calendar and maize. A rival of Tezcatlipoca, FTP, identify this god, for whom Hernan Cortes was once mistaken, a feathered serpent deity supremely venerated by the Aztecs.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca09b7dfd26a4488af3ee6c43aa83a22",
            "input": "This composer's Song of Lamentation  was written during the final years of his study at the Vienna   Observatory. This composer of a song cycle based on poems by Friedrich Ruckert included cowbells  in his seventh symphony and three hammer blows in the fourth movement of his Tragic  symphony.  \"The Two Blue Eyes of my Beloved\" is the final movement in his Songs of a Wayfarer. Poems of Li Po  provide the basis for his Song of the Earth, while a version of \"Frere Jacques\" in a minor key features  in his Titan  symphony. Identify this composer of the Resurrection  symphony and the Symphony of a  Thousand.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba67b4d9caac49f58c7465583f3340d7",
            "input": "This book's epilogue discusses the \"urge to go further\" by considering the disciple of Heraclitus who remarked that one cannot walk through the same river even once. In the preface, the author admires Descartes for refusing to \"make it obligatory for everyone to doubt\" and instead claiming that his method had significance only for him. The \"Exordium\" discusses the mother who has to blacken her breast to wean her child, and imagines a man who prefers that his son think him a monster rather than lose faith in God. Later sections include a \"Preliminary Expectoration\" and a series of \"problema\" which consider such questions as \"Is there a Teleological Suspension of the Ethical\"  FTP, name this work ostensibly written by Johannes di Silentio, a \"dialectical lyric\" which deals with the sacrifice of Isaac and was really penned by Soren Kierkegaard.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dfa0ed72ff7a4b6ba800940dad0203a8",
            "input": "Several pictures by this artist used Adrianus Jacobus Zuyderland as a model, including a work   showing him dressed all in blue sitting in a chair with his head in his hands. In addition to that work,  sometimes called Sorrowing Old Man  and sometimes At Eternity's Gate, this artist painted a man   leaning on his right hand with a foxglove plant in front of him. This artist also showed a poor family  eating around a table with a small lamp hanging above. In addition to Portrait of Dr. Gachet  and  The Potato Eaters, this artist painted Starry Night. Name this artist who cut off part of his left ear.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0133b6b82ff45aa9b4cb142eee5f617",
            "input": "The equilibrium value calculated from it is used in the chord-conductance equation, and its namesake is paired with Planck as the creator of a molar flux equation. Derivable from both the equation linking free energy change to reaction quotient and by the assumption that drift and diffusion are equal and opposite in its namesake's current density equation, it can be obtained from the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz voltage equation in the case of only one ion. Useful in concentration cells, its importance comes in the case of nonstandard cell potentials. Including Faraday's constant and the charge of the ions involved, FTP, name this central equation of electrochemistry, named for the winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-674e05058f754a7c81c956254c4befbe",
            "input": "One king of this name and number subdued rebellious forces in Argyll and gave up his claim to English land in the Peace of York; that ruler assisted the English barons in threatening King John. A pope of this name and number gave his blessing to William the Conquerers invasion of England. Another ruler of this name and number had ministers like Dmitry Milyutin and Pyotr Shuvalov, and that ruler suppressed the January uprising in Poland. That same ruler also sold Alaska to the United States and set up the zemstvo system. That tsar of this name and number ended the Crimean War after succeeding Nicholas I. For 10 points, give the name and number of the tsar who was assassinated by Peoples Will after earlier undertaking the 1861 emancipation of the serfs.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2954986c715479c938d1429a7291ca7",
            "input": "The ABIS system computes values for this phenomenon, while a phenomenon opposing this one was studied by Van Vleck and has a temperature-independent version. Pascal's constants can be used to compute empirical values for this property. According to Langevin's model for this phenomenon, it can be explained as arising from Lenz's law, and this phenomenon is notably exhibited by bismuth and other substances with no unpaired electrons. The Meissner effect can be viewed as an extreme version of this phenomenon. FTP, name this phenomenon displayed by materials that generate an induced magnetic field which opposes the applied field, making it different than the opposing phenomenon of paramagnetism.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f16b021890e4473959000faf273fb99",
            "input": "A maximum independent set for this data structure can be found in linear time by adding alternating levels. In this structure, any two vertices or nodes must be connected by a single simple path, and thus it is connected and acyclic. By using (*) union-find with disjoint sets, one type of this structure containing all the vertices of a connected graph can be constructed. One variety of this data structure can be used to easily implement a binary search. This structure also comes in red-black and self-balancing-binary varieties. For 10 points, identify this data structure from computer science, a hierarchical graph in which \"leaf\" nodes ultimately flow from a \"root\" node.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-27e7b528abca4757bfa426af095c37fd",
            "input": "An important image for members of this faith depicts a man with his hands on his very narrow waist. The extended tradition of this religion includes wish-granting trees known as Kalpavrksa. An incantation known as the five-fold bow or the Namokar is the most important prayer of this religion. The most important text of this religion is called the Book of Reality, though it also had a now-lost text known as the Purvas. The Valabhi Council was a meeting that standardized the scriptures of this faith. This religion divides time into Kalcharkas, or cycles of decline and rise. This religion includes prophets named Arihantas, and the eight gunas are the attributes of those who have achieved kaivalya, where the soul is liberated from matter. Members of this faith are split over whether or not monks should wear clothes. Members of this faith practice ahimsa, or non-violence towards all living creatures. For ten points, name this pacifist, vegetarian religion of India.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee267885d48344268f6930434e66671a",
            "input": "Their final defeat came in 1258, when Hulagu Khan put the last ruler to death. For three centuries before that, they served only as figureheads, at the mercy of military commanders. With their capital at Baghdad, their glory days were in the eighth and ninth centuries, under the leadership of Abdullah al-Mamun and his father, Harun ar-Rashid. FTP, name the caliphate which overthrew the Umayyads in 750, descendants of the uncle of Mohammed.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-994af7dac76e47a1bf4db3b45d1dbc52",
            "input": "A musician from this country sings \"I can't walk away / you can't walk away\" on \"Downtown\" from the dreamily jazzy album Kaputt. Destroyer is from here, also home to a band that intones \"when there is nothing left to burn, you have to set yourself on fire\". Metallic clanging and the echoing of \"I tremble\" opens a song from this country, \"Help I'm Alive\". Stars and Metric are from here, whose Broken Social Scene included an indie pop artist who sings \"oh you're changing your heart\" in a track from The Reminder. An indie rock band from here repeats \"every time you close your eyes, lies lies!\" on the album Funeral. For 10 points, name this country home to Feist and Arcade Fire.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aed28bf504364f0eba98b48cb9a2c100",
            "input": "This mans advisors included the scholar Hayashi Razan and the soldier Ishikawa Kazumasa. This man came to prominence by seizing the lands of the Imagawa Clan, who had earlier held this member of the Matsudaira clan as a hostage. During the Komaki campaign, this man won the Battle of Nagakute. He was granted the Kanto Provinces for helping his predecessor defeat the Hojo clan. This man led the Council of Five Elders who served as regents for his predecessors son and, with the help of Kobayakawa Hideaki, this commander of the Eastern Army defeated Ishina Mitsunari to take power. For ten points, name this victor at Sekigahara and third unifier of Japan, who founded a namesake Shogunate.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc6f4662a6b14069a117605a1fa9d864",
            "input": "His works include \"The Proustian theme in a letter from Keats to Benjamin Bailey\" and a manual of French literature. Born in Paris in 1910, this son of an inn-keeping widower has two romantic encounters with a girl named Annabel at age 13. He spends his adulthood yearning for \"nymphets\" between nine and 14. FTP, name this lover of Dolores Haze, the man with a double cognomen in Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab6b87dc7a3c432890d5db65c881dd3e",
            "input": "This man discussed his new general philosophy of science in general, of religion, work, management and called it a Weltanschauung in his 1971 work The Further Reaches of Human Nature, while he noted that a musician must make music, a artist must paint if he is to be ultimately at peace with himself in his work titled Motivation and Personality. After meeting Kurt Goldstein, he developed his most famous notion in Towards a Psychology of Being, stating that after physiological requirements are met, one must be emotionally fulfilled before reaching his or her full potential. Furthering the notion of self-actualization, this is, FTP, which American psychologist best remembered for his hierarchy of needs",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b04967eb7f03443f800951ee7d3e0d28",
            "input": "The E major tempo d'attacco of this opera's Act III duet is followed by a cantabile in A-flat major and the C major cabaletta \"Gran Dio! morir si giovane,\" and that cantabile is called \"Parigi, o cara. \" A melody first heard in an Act I duet on the words \"Di quell'amor ch' palpito\" reappears several times, once in the orchestra as the heroine reads a letter from her lover's father, once interrupting her cabaletta \"Sempre libera,\" and once sung by the heroine herself in \"Ah! fors' lui. \" That act I duet, \"Un di felice, eterea\" is not as famous as the brindisi \"Libiamo ne' lieti calici. \" FTP, identify this opera about the love between Alfredo and the title \"fallen woman,\" Violetta, a work of Giuseppe Verdi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cfdef6ddfcf3479ab550c42225c51f0e",
            "input": "songs include an excerpt from his incidental music for Oedipus known as Music for a while, while his operas include ones based on the Fairy Queen and the King Arthur story. For 15 points, name this early British composer of the opera Dido and Aeneas.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f61653505d344d5cb0c7d4fd7493cd86",
            "input": "One character in this novel thinks \"The great revelation had never comeInstead there were little daily miracles, illuminations, matches struck in the dark. \" Another character in this novel covers a boar's head with a green shawl to protect her daughter from nightmare. That character's husband walks around reciting \"The Charge of the Light Brigade. \" Prue dies in childbirth and Andrew is killed by a shell in this novel's second section \"Time Passes. \" Minta Doyle and Paul Rayley marry at the behest of this novel's central character, unlike William Bankes and the painter Lily Briscoe. For 10 points, name this novel set in the Hebrides in which Cam and James accompany Mr. Ramsay on his journeys to the title location, a work of Virginia Woolf.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1fd890893a84ee5982229cbdabe5784",
            "input": "In one lecture, this thinker described his resolution of a debate about a man chasing a squirrel around a tree. This man wrote an essay that describes a reasonable way to think something is true without proper evidence called \"\"The Will to Believe. \"\" This man contracted to write a textbook that resulted in his writing the two-volume work, (*) The Principles of Psychology. For 10 points, name this American philosopher who used the work of Charles Sanders Peirce (\"\"purse\"\") to develop the philosophy of pragmatism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e097404dcdcf4ed8b3ffa0ea702d99b7",
            "input": "One holiday from this country began after a poet drowned himself in a river and involves the eating of a food bound in leaves and wrapped with string. The graves of ancestors are visited in early April during the Clear and Bright Festival of this country. This country often employs lanterns and the color (*) red in its celebrations. Cakes named after a celestial body are eaten during lunar holidays of this country from which dragon boat races originate. This country's most prominent holiday involves the giving out of red bags of money. That holiday is the New Year of, for 10 points, what country with a twelve animal zodiac",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5cf5754ced504ddf8645e85738879351",
            "input": "This battle started after troops under Henry Heth (HEETH) spotted John Buford's cavalry. Key locations in this battle included the Peach Orchard and Devil's Den. One general in this battle, Dan Sickles, disobeyed orders by moving his corps from its location along Cemetery Ridge. That ridge was the object of Pickett's Charge at the end of this battle. George Meade's victory in this battle ended a Confederate invasion of the North. For 10 points, name this battle whose site was later the location of an Address by Abraham Lincoln.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0075b1419ee64b1f84bcc5fca8b38b7f",
            "input": "Its publication in 1852 intensified sectional conflicts but it was also the best-selling novel of the century. Minor characters include the little girl Eva as well as Cassy and Emmeline, who meet Elizas family in Canada before continuing on to France and later Liberia. Meanwhile, the title character is killed by Simon Legree for keeping their secret. FTP name this influential anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb693165bac84af6a21fe86f61a40513",
            "input": "Ordinary numerical integration causes systems of this type to deviate, so symplectic methods are often used instead. Systems of this type obey Liouville's Theorem, and their dynamics can be described by taking derivatives of a single function on phase space. Their evolutions are determined by the functions of the same name that express their energy in terms of momentum and positional coordinates. FTP, what are these dynamical systems named for the developer of quaternions",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-59f6905961344a52ae621fe7a5296d33",
            "input": "One section of this work contains a passage depicting a goat-herd resting with his faithful dog, while another movement depicts a calm fireplace and uses pizzicato to represent the rain. Originally, they were published under the title The Contest between Harmony and Intervention\". The last of these is in F minor, and the accompanying sonnet compares the brisk, rushing tempo to the north wind. The last movement of the second, written in G minor, is likened to a thunderstorm, and the third ends in a triumphant allegro representing a hunters song. FTP, name this set of violin concertos originally published as part of the Opus 8 of Antonio Vivaldi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6f10ecc516746ff8fb43ecc7db47653",
            "input": "Schwinger worked out a model of this operator by considering it as two uncoupled harmonic oscillators and showed that combinations of them satisfy the same commutation relations as this quantity. One theorem states that matrix elements of tensor operators in eigenstates of the operator of this quantity can be written as a coefficient term times a term independent of this quantity; that is the WignerEckart (*) theorem. The isotropy of space guarantees conservation of this quantity, and this quantity is the generator of rotations. Spherical harmonics are eigenstates of the operator of this quantity which is time integral of torque. For 10 points, name this quantity given by angular frequency times the moment of inertia, one type of which is spin.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6ee03f49734419d90732807a3975b37",
            "input": "The Bohr van Leeuwen theorem states that any plasma with a kinetic equilibrium will reach a state where this phenomenon is zero. Free electron gases display the Landau type of this property, and materials exhibiting it have negative susceptibility. Superconductors display the \"perfect\" variety of this property in the Meissner Effect. This property is often described as Lenz's Law applied on a microscopic scale, and it was originally though to violate Earnshaw's Theorem. This property is exhibited by pyloric graphite and bismuth, and materials displaying it can be levitated for a few seconds. For 10 points, name this form of magnetism that expels applied magnetic fields.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a747a7e2c5d410bbabe4ec4e26f0a5b",
            "input": "The hymn I Vow to Thee My Country takes its melody from it, and its last section features a (*) chorus singing off-stage. In its first section, a march in 5/4 time, the string players strike their strings with the wood part of the bow, and the timpani players use hard-ended sticks. Clashing bells interrupt the fifth movement, Bringer of Old Age, while the jumpy theme of its third movement is indicative of its namesake, the Winged Messenger. FTP, identify this seven-movement suite by Gustav Holst which excludes Pluto.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cad57693c7e043d78baea3ea7cf1e7b9",
            "input": "This man wrote an essay on the trial of Gaston Dominici which described his conviction as \"the triumph of literature,\" while another of his essays contrasts the Nautilus in Verne's novels with Rimbaud's Drunken Boat. His first book opens with a discussion of Hbert's technique of using obscenities in every issue of Le Pre Duchene and ends with a chapter describing literature as \"the utopia of language. \"  One of this man's most famous essays criticizes the belief that texts have \"a single 'theological' meaning,\" and instead posits that meaning should be \"disentangled\" rather than \"deciphered\" as a result of replacing the title figure with \"the scriptor. \"  That essay by this man opens by discussing Balzac's story \"Sarassine,\" as did this author's book S/Z. FTPE, name this French literary critic who wrote Writing Degree Zero and \"The Death of the Author. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8fd9f484d62042a481e6cebbeae1ba0c",
            "input": "Measurements of this quantity are always subject to a Malmquist bias. This property is proportional to the fourth power of the velocity dispersal, and this quantity is calculated using the Faber-Jackson and Tully-Fisher relations for elliptical and spiral galaxies. This quantity is larger for objects with longer periods in systems like (*) Cepheid variables, which have constantly varying values for this quantity. This quantity is known for standard candles. For 10 points, name this quantity that is plotted against temperature in the Hertzsprung Russell diagram, which describes objects' brightness.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c87239a12934b7a89d3b154af8b53bb",
            "input": "Howard Barker discussed the aftermath of this battle in Scenes from an Execution, and the Fontana dei Quattro Mori in Marino commemorates it. It reversed the outcome of the Battle of Preveza fought forty-four years earlier, and it was followed by a brief campaign of expansion which captured Tunis. The Marqus de Santa Cruz's reserve forces helped annihilate the defeated side after this event, whose immediate cause was the siege of Famagusta and capture of Nicosia during a war over Cyprus, whose surrender two years later reversed this battle's practical impact. The king of one country involved in this event appointed Luis de Requesens responsible for controlling the temper of the military commander, whose other lieutenants included Alessandro Farnese and Andrea Doria. FTP, name this battle in which Pius V's Holy League fleet commanded by Don John of Austria sailed to the Gulf of Corinth and defeated Ali Pasha in 1571.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-200c9ed1eeda4e5d98482c5871f33f59",
            "input": "Its creator described it as \"very loud and noisy,\" and admitted that he was only interested in the lucrative commission. Composed for the consecration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior for the 1882 Moscow Exhibition, it debuted on August 20th to immediate accolades, and was eventually made the composer's Opus number 49. Using the Marseillaise and the Tsarist national anthem to depict two armies, it uses bells, cannons, and a fireworks finale to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino. FTP, name this famous Tchaikovsky overture named for the year Borodino was fought.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d85b3c2200514115b5169f325ebd1f67",
            "input": "Fleischmann et al used silver electrodes in the first-ever reported observation of the \"surface-enhanced\" version of this effect; that effect is sometimes known as surface plasmon resonance. Neodymium YAG lasers are often used in the pump-probe experiment used to measure the \"time-resolved\" version of this effect. This effect works because a (*) vibration changes a molecule's induced dipole moment or polarizability. Spectral lines appear on either side of the Rayleigh lines; those at higher energy are called anti-Stokes lines while those at lower energy are Stokes lines. For 10 points, name this inelastic scattering named after an Indian physicist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e98aa63494f4bcf89db280b77b4f585",
            "input": "Frank Hodder proposed that the man who initiated this legislation was motivated by the prospect of organizing support for a transcontinental railroad that began in his home state. This legislation was opposed by Theodore Parker in a speech in which he cautioned that \"Spain. . . stands there a perpetual warning for all of us,\" while Charles Sumner's notable \"landmark\" speech was delivered in opposition to this act. Josiah Miller and R. G. Elliott organized the Sandbank Convention as a consequence of the passage of this act, which also stimulated the activity of the Emigrant Aid Company. Among the fallouts from this bill were repeated conflicts with \"border ruffians\" who sought to influence decisions in the territories addressed by this bill, as well as multiple candidate constitutions, including a pro-slavery one drawn up on Lecompton, in one territory. Introduced by Stephen Douglas, for ten points, identify this 1854 act which repealed the Missouri Compromise and established the principle of popular sovereignty in its namesake western states.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9525e2b21e6f41fba0991f60b7f4030b",
            "input": "The events of this opera follow from the sickness of Garzia and burning of a woman, whose daughter accidentally throws her own baby in the same fire. That story is told to retainers by the captain of the guard in \"Abbietta zingara\". The Count and Troubador decide to duel soon after singing \"Di geloso amor spezzato\" with their love Leonora, who faints to end Act I. The second act opens with the \"Vedi! le fosche notturne spoglie\".Ferrando later captures the Gypsy woman who had burned her child, and her supposed son holds Leonora as she dies from taking poison.For 10 points, name this Verdi opera about Manrico, Azucena, and the Count Di Luna, which contains the Anvil Chorus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8f2a8c41f5e465cbe103ace0eb881e3",
            "input": "The child of German immigrants, this character bequeathed his inherited fortune to charity, saying he would \"demonstrate the possibility of achieving anything from nothing. \" In 1966, this character joined a group founded by Nelson Gardner. In his final appearance, this character states that he is not a Republic serial villain, as demonstrated by his refusal to play by supervillain clichs. Inspired by another character, Peter Cannon, Thunderbolt, this man owns a genetically engineered cat which he names (*) Bubastis, a reference to his admiration for the figure that replaced Alexander the Great as his idol, Rameses II. Some of his dastardly deeds have included murdering Moloch the Magician and Edward Blake, alias the Comedian. FTP, identify the secret identity of Adrian Veidt, the ultimate villain of Alan Moore's Watchmen, who shares his name with a famous poem by Percy Shelley.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b2a8b4e147942a98a67c7cc701eaa48",
            "input": "This man fought as the head of the Uruguayan navy in the Guerra Grande, opposing Manuel Oribe, and he won victories at Cerro and Sant'Antonio. He was exiled from his home country after a failed Carbonari insurrection, and upon his return he battled Louis Napoleon and was exiled again. In his most successful campaign, he won the battle of Volturno against the Neapolitans before Cavour's Piedmontese army prevented him from marching on Rome. FTP, name this leader of the red shirts whose military victories helped unite Italy.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f9b0fa53fd84f748f1f7c174ca6d9c4",
            "input": "The capture of this nation's ship Marqus of Olinda led to a war in which its forces were commanded by the Duke of Caxias. This state achieved independence with the \"Fico\" speech of its first ruler, who was deposed in favor of his son nine years later. That son  promulgated the Lei urea or Golden Law which freed this country's slaves, but one year later, Dom Pedro II abdicated. This country joined Argentina and Uruguay in the Triple Alliance and has been run in more recent times by Itamar Franco, Fernando Cardoso, Getlio Vargas, and Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. FTP, name this South American country claimed by Pedro Cabral for Portugal.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80ba6c5add334fd9a2f0fbebd92f0aba",
            "input": "An impotent character begins this work by admitting his desperation with being \"reined up in old language and old assumptions. \" A magistrate in the legal system convinces one character to see another in this work; her name is Hesther Salomon. Taking place in the Rokesby Hospital in England, this play suggests that the patient's insanity may have come from being forbidden from watching television by his father or the hanging of a poster with the Christ loaded down with chains. However, it becomes clear that it is the protagonists obsession with the title character that prevents him from consummating a relationship, driving him to blind Nugget and five fellow creatures with a metal spike. Dysart tells Alan Strang that he won't gallop anymore in, FTP, which Peter Shaffer play that recently starred Daniel Radcliffe",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a42bb4bf6f64b88b7613e06bbc23ac0",
            "input": "After signing the Treaty of Stolbovo with Russia, he participated in a war that would be ended by the Truce of Altmark, a conflict in which this man, a brother-in-law of Transylvanian prince Gabor Bethlen, won the Battle of Gniew (pronounced \"Niev\"), besieged Orneta, was wounded at the Battle of Dirschau, and made an amphibious landing at Pillau. He annexed Stralsund after saving it from Imperial occupation, and at the Battle of Lech his forces killed the Count of Tilly after having earlier defeating him at Breitenfeld, but then this man died at the Battle of Lutzen. For ten points, name this employer of Axel Oxenstierna, a Swedish king who intervened in the Thirty Years's War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70de9bbede844853bfb6a03613e81893",
            "input": "Marini is found dead on a beach by Klaios, a villager of Xiros, in one of this man's stories, while in another Rice is forced to play the part of John Howell. Irene and the unnamed narrator lose their home in one of his short stories, \"Casa tomada,\" and in a story from the same collection, a tiger roams around Rema's house. In addition to Bestiario, he wrote a story in which Roberto Michel photographs a woman and a boy caught in an illicit act, The Blow-Up. In another of his works, Horatio Oliveira searches for La Maga throughout France and South America. For 10 points, name this Argentine author of Hopscotch.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b251003aec544ad39cf08ad45e0b91f0",
            "input": "A trombone quartet alternates playing with a string quartet in the \"Prelude\" and \"Postlude\" of a composition this man wrote late in his career in memory of a dead author. This non-Beethoven composer incorporated variations in the form of a march, a waltz, a cancan, and a fugato in 5/8 time, in the second movement of his Octet, scored only for brass and woodwind instruments. An extended chorale composed in memory of the deceased Claude Debussy concludes this composer's one-movement (*) Symphonies of Wind Instruments. The horn plays a glissando at the start of the \"Finale\" replete with passages in 7/4 time in a suite by this composer, which follows a bassoon-introduced \"Berceuse.\" Two clarinets play the first instance of a recurring dissonant C major and F sharp major \"chord\" in a composition by this man which begins at the Shrovetide Fair. This composer called for a bassoon solo in a very high register at the start of a ballet with a riotous 1913 premiere. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Rite of Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db6e0dd45d2d40838da1efefcb4a3237",
            "input": "Bucladesine is used as an analog of this compound, and theophylline inhibits the enzyme that breaks it down. In the temporal lobe, this compound activates HNC channels, and it leads to the activation of the RAPGEF3 protein. Cholera toxin increases the levels of this compound by ribosylating G-proteins, and in the lac operon, this compound binds to the Catabolite Activator Protein, which enhances RNA polymerase binding to the promoter. Another protein that binds to it contains two catalytic and two regulatory subunits, Protein Kinase A. Usually destroyed by phosphodiesterase and created by adenylate cyclase, FTP, name this second messenger, a cyclic nucleotide often created from ATP.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-59a2d01ea7fc4068bd10280b0efaf9cd",
            "input": "Scott Nelson believes that a Virginian prisoner was the basis for this legendary figure, but John Garst believes his basis originated at Oak Mountain in Leeds, Alabama. An eight-foot tall bronze statue of this legendary figure can be found in Memorial Park above Big Bend Tunnel, which was built in the 1870s as part of the C&O Railroad. He was capable of progressing more than 10 feet in a single day with a 14-pound hammer, but in his most famous contest, he used two 20-pound hammers. FTP, name this African-American mythical figure who died of a heart attack after successfully defeating a steam hammer in a race.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5fade45f4af497aa3799db7cd927a17",
            "input": "This politician's early and unexpected death was partly due to his acceptance of Lincoln's request that he travel to the south and northwest to rouse Union sentiments in the face of the Civil War. Known as the \"Little Giant\", as chairman of the Committee on Territories in the U.S. Senate he was at the forefront of the slavery question, addressing it with his concept of \"popular sovereignty\", which he was able to implement in the Kansas-Nebraska Act. To address the Dred Scot decision, he developed his controversial Freeport Doctrine during his famed series of debates with Abraham Lincoln in 1858. FTP, who was this Democrat who went on to lose the 1860 presidential election",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0cb1196c50b743b5b979f31d0fba35a3",
            "input": "Implicants of this type are minimal in their number of literals when considering Boolean functions. Finite fields can only have orders of this type. Elements of this type in rings divide some element in an arbitrary factorization and they are equivalent to irreducible elements in a unique factorization domain. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that a number may be written as a unique product of numbers of this type. The Sieve of Eratosthenes was an early method for finding these numbers. For 10 points, identify this adjective that, when applied to the natural numbers, describes a number with exactly two divisors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd0ea2215fb242dcabb3e6601ac994d6",
            "input": "Molecules with this property have a negative diamagnetic susceptibility exaltation value, and they also induce a negative Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift in lithium atoms that complex with them. The Mobius version of this property occurs in molecules with an odd number of out-of-phase overlaps between orbitals. It can be determined computationally via the Pariser-Parr-Pople method, but a simpler formulation stipulates that molecules with this property be planar with 4n+2 pi electrons in a delocalized shell; this is called Huckels Rule. FTP, what is this extensive delocalization of electrons in a conjugated system, most notably exhibited by benzene, so named because some molecules possessing it have a distinct smell",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3e2ad22ac9f4425aae51cc389395357",
            "input": "One of this author's novels begins after a man who was seduced by a servant girl leaves his umbrella below-decks on a ship. In another of this author's works, the protagonist meets the painter Titorelli and the lawyer Herr Huld. Karl Rossman befriends a stoker in this author's Amerika, and Josef K. dies \"like a dog\" in another work. This author of The (*) Trial is most famous for a novella whose protagonist has apples thrown at him by his father and dreams of sending his sister Grete to play violin at the conservatory. For ten points, name this author who wrote of Gregor Samsa's transformation into a bug in The Metamorphosis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a36eefcd49164ebfb37c736346507edf",
            "input": "People escaping during this event utilized the McCorkell Line to seek passage to Canada and US. In the country where this took place, it is referred to as \"\"an Gorta Mor\"\" or \"\"an Drochshaol. \"\" One response to this event was Robert Peel's decision to repeal the Corn Laws. Thought to be caused an oomycete known as Phytophthora infestans, this event resulted in approximately a million deaths. For 10 points, name this massive dying caused by a blight, which affected a particular crop in the 1840's and 50's in Ireland.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb21d79f0cf14cec8755d4611a4f183a",
            "input": "Through bribery, one character in this novel is made a chevalier in order to give his wife a fancier funeral, and another character hides in the nunnery at Grandview Garden due to her illness. Another character hires a sorceress to bewitch her sons half-brother and Phoenix, but her efforts are thwarted by a lame priest. Opening with the story about an object abandoned by Nuwa, this story also sees one character attempt to marry Precious Virtue to her cousin, which results in the death of Black Jade. After passing the Imperial exams with flying colors, Pao-yu is nowhere to be found. FTP, name this classical Chinese novel about the downfall of the Jia family, written by Cao Xuequin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b0c1c5a6e3b4d379bc257de35807cb5",
            "input": "Works by this thinker include Lectures on Jurisprudence and The Theory of Moral Sentiments, but this thinker's most famous work included a critique of mercantilism that was later used in Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage. That work attributed to the market an ability to manipulate prices, and introduced the term \"\"invisible hand. \"\" For 10 points, name this thinker who wrote Wealth of Nations.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24500ec0b4cf479d9e114d9f2df0a626",
            "input": "This composer's first string quartet borrows from Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor and several hymns. Sometimes nicknamed \"The Revival Service\", it was written while he was a Yale undergraduate. His third symphony was premiered by his friend Lou Harrison and lasts only about twenty minutes. Its sections are titled Old Folks Gatherin', Children's Day, and Communion, and the overall work is called The Camp Meeting. One of his works was originally paired with Central Park in the Dark, and another is set at Putnam's Camp in Redding, the Housatonic at Stockbridge, and Boston Common. Name this composer of The Unanswered Question and Three Places in New England.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-abbebee83a0d4b618b028d1c7684dc63",
            "input": "In the middle layers of this structure, amacrine, bipolar, and horizontal cells work together to produce a graded response to synaptic input from receptors, which they transfer to the outermost layer of ganglion cells, neurons whose axons constitute the output from this structure to the brain via the second cranial nerves. The innermost layer is known as the pigment epithelium, and serves to prevent backscattering of light. FTP, name this structure of the eye that also has two types of photosensitive receptor cells, commonly referred to as rods and cones.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e7d7f550b454629a18a3b277df82b0e",
            "input": "One painting by this man shows a troubling inscription in Greek at the top about a future apocalypse juxtaposed with joyous dancing and celebration in a stable on the bottom. This artist painted a baby Jesus holding a pomegranate while the Virgin Mary is being crowned by two angels. In addition to The (*) Mystic Nativity and Madonna of the Magnificat, he painted Hermes picking a fruit while Chloris is being kidnapped by Zephyr and another work in which the title figure stands impossibly upon a seashell. For ten points, name this Renaissance painter of Primavera and The Birth of Venus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-881a588f83fc4b17954a00c2f536476f",
            "input": "These people were defeated at the battle of Third Battle of Homs, after winning the first two battles of that same name. Tamerlane became hostile to Barkuk, the founder of one branch of this dynasty. Tuman Bey, the last sultan of this dynasty, suffered a stunning defeat at the battle of Ridyana. Earlier, they ended the expansion at the Ilkhanate when Kitquba was defeated at the Battle of Ayn Jalut by Baybars. In 1811, Muhammad Ali invited a few hundred of them to his court for a celebration but ambushed and slaughtered them on the way to his palace. They overthrew their Ayuubid masters after Aybak was killed and Qutuz took power, establishing the Bahri dynasty. For ten points, name this military caste of Islamic slaves who ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1517.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0b8e066e04ed49bebeebbd9f77ba561a",
            "input": "This politician responded to Francois Barbe-Marbois in his Notes on the State of Virginia. This man founded the University of Virginia and designed the mansion of Monticello.. This president sent the Lewis and Clark expedition and authorized the (*) Louisiana Purchase. He was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. For 10 points, name this third president of the United States.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d84b84e12c404d85abcec69b28bdd52d",
            "input": "This number is believed to be the only odd untouchable number. Along with six, this number makes up the first Ruth-Aaron pair, in which the sums of the prime factors of each number in the pair are equal.. Niels Henrik Abel showed that there is no general algebraic solution to find the roots of polynomials of this degree or higher. This is also the first safe prime and the second Fermat prime. Additionally, this is the number of Platonic solids that exist. Along with one, this is the only number to be for which the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence is equal to n. Name this number, the base of the quinary number system and the number of sides of a pentagon.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-42d44faa26f84c91a92b201694511082",
            "input": "An example of its inverse is the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, and the cross-section of this process, derived from the assumptions of conservation of energy and momentum, is given by the Klein-Nishina formula. It results in a shift proportional to one minus the cosine of the incident angle and also proportional to Planck's constant over the electron mass times the speed of light, a parameter known as this effect's namesake wavelength. FTP, identify this effect which describes the inelastic scattering of a photon from an electron, which demonstrated the particle nature of light and won its discoverer the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7481f811c17843e9b9f598f700277a37",
            "input": "composer of this opera was convinced to pursue it by his friend Sybil Seligman, who commissioned a translation of its text. At one point, a character reads the Fifty-first Psalm of David, though the original text had a book entitled \"Old Joe Miller's Jokes. \" Another character expresses frustration in the first act by declaring \"Che terra maledetta,\" after which the romantic conflict is established by the aria \"Chi c'e per farmi I ricci\" In the second act, another character's knowledge of Nina Micheltorena is asked into by Ashby, and later that character sings the aria \"Ch'ella mi creda libero. \" Based on a play by David Belasco, it also features Wowkle and Billy, who are urged to marry in a church, and Jim Larkens who simply longs to go home. Ramirez is the secret identity of Dick Johnson, who is saved by his beloved Minnie. FTP, name this opera set in the American west, by Puccini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-797ac9bda20e48968cac73b377c2ca2b",
            "input": "John Constable described this man's The Mill as one of the four memorable paintings in the history of landscape. Mythological-themed works by this painter include a depiction of Ganymede crying and urinating and another of Danae, which was vandalized with sulfuric acid in 1985, while his religious works include The Blinding of Samson and Joseph Accused by Potiphar's Wife. He studied painting under Pieter Lastman for only six months, and some of his most famous works were done on commission from groups such as a surgical association and members of an Amsterdam militia. Famous for his many self-portraits, this is, FTP, what Dutch, Baroque painter of the Night Watch and The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6909f58bdeea4b3b95b4ba14197e61a9",
            "input": "The title of this poem was probably taken from a work by Bion. Written in 55 Spenserian stanzas, it laments the death of the title character, but ends by placing him among the Immortals, declaring that, while \"We decay/ Like corpses in a charnel,\" the creative spirit of the title character, \"like a star,/ Beacons from the abode where the Eternal are. \" FTP, name this elegy on the death of John Keats, written by Percy Shelley.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3dc934b2e948414aa1c1f0e7204b3ddb",
            "input": "Alfred Draper wrote a definitive 1981 history of this event. It was followed by the enforcement of a declaration known as the \"Crawling Order\" for two weeks before that order was revoked by Chelmsford. The chief perpetrator claimed that it was in response to an attack on Marcia Sherwood, and had the support of Police Superintendent Ploper. Due to the observance of Baisakhi Day, several thousand had gathered in the square known as Jalianwalla Bagh and the subsequent actions would result in the assassination of regional governor Michael O'Dwyer for his role 21 years later. Chaos resulted soon after Sir Reginald Dyer's order to fire resulting in, for 10 points, what incident in which 379 people were killed by British troops in the namesake holy city in northern India in 1919",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6d4faa1709cf40d296e40a4a33035428",
            "input": "Although the protagonist does not place much value in her required duties, she enjoys illegally playing Scrabble and discovers an inscription that says \"Don't let the bastards grind you down. \" Framed as a study of a found audio recording, the protagonist had her daughter taken from her and is forced to put up with the Commander's wife, Serena Joy, as part of her time in the Republic of Gilead. The protagonist, Offred, must attempt to get pregnant in, for 10 points, what religious post-apocalyptic dystopian novel by Margaret Atwood",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-430c94e8f1d1421095e451be11629861",
            "input": "This painting was commissioned by the Baron de Julien, a priest who had cuckolded a bishop, and its artist took the job five years after returning from his Prix de Rome trip. Julien's flush cheeks are reminiscent of the artist's style in such works as Blind Man's Bluff. On the left, a cupid statue with a finger to its mouth observes the action from above, while two putto statues look at the title object from below. The aforementioned bishop sits at the right side of the work, while Julien hides in the lower-left bushes and looks up the billowing pink skirt of his mistress, who is kicking off her left shoe. A tree to the far right suspends, FTP, which title object of a lush Rococo landscape by Jean-Honor Fragonard",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98c5d0b976ff4dc4923aa6923b1043df",
            "input": "The fact that it does not affect the ground state can be derived heuristically from symmetry considerations or explicitly from the Wigner-Eckart theorem. In semiconductor heterostructures, a quantum-confined version of this effect occurs, which results from the enhancement of this effect by excitons. For higher quantum numbers, the energy levels induced by this effect are degenerate, and leading to the commonly observed quadratic form, whose components are proportional to the polarizability tensor. Particularly useful for analyzing molecular rotational spectra, for ten points, identify this effect from atomic physics, which consists of the splitting and shift of a spectral line into several components in the presence of an electric field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f8cc00bd832420a824c4334cd17712b",
            "input": "This effect was incorrectly explained by Bohr-Kramers-Slater theory, and the relativistic formula for it is a function of a parameter, epsilon, defined as Planck's constant times the frequency divided by the mass of an electron times speed of light squared. The Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect applies its inverse effect to cosmic microwave background radiation photons gaining energy when they travel through a hot electron cloud, and its above differential cross-section is given by the Klein-Nishina formula. The most likely interaction between an X-ray and soft tissue, FTP, name this effect in which a photon loses energy as it scatters off of a single electron, named for an American Nobel-winning physicist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33296b64832346acb048e58011c49f46",
            "input": "One proponent of this idea wrote The Mentality of Apes while in Tenerife, where he also studied how people matched the words \"takete\" and \"baluba\" to spiky and rounded shapes, respectively. Another proponent of this idea illustrated the pitfalls of blindly obeying rules to solve problems in his book Productive Thinking. Fritz Perls developed a type of therapy based on this concept. Proximity, continuity, closure, and symmetry are among the tendencies explained by this idea's principle of (*) Pragnanz. A proponent of this idea defined the apparent movement caused by a changing static image as the phi phenomenon. It was first theorized by the trio of Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer, and Wolfgang Kohler. For 10 points, name this school of psychology that examines the brain's tendency to perceives the whole.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6ec5b274b194b51b897d31b0eb2d20e",
            "input": "The most common type of this reaction is the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, which is often used as a synonym for the reaction as a whole. The products go on to form Acetyl CoA or sometimes used in fermentation. Since two ATP molecules are required to activate it, it produces only two net ATP molecules in addition to two NADH molecules. Name this process which breaks one glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvic acid.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebabdb7ca16a426d95a186a9ce35367a",
            "input": "This student of Jean-Leon Gerome at the Ecole des Beaux Arts was one of the subjects of Mumford's The Brown Decades. His students included Henry Ossawa Tanner and Thomas Anschutz, and he painted Mending the Net and Arcadia after learning of Muybridge's work. He painted a portrait of his friend Walt Whitman, rumored to be Whitman's favorite, and painted himself in a small boat behind the title figure in Max Schmitt in a Single Scull. A man lectures to the students of Jefferson Medical College in, FTP, this American realist's monumental painting of a surgery in progress, The Gross Clinic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3757abd81e6345bcba01277a2f82fae0",
            "input": "The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of motion may be used to analyze the multicycle variety of this phenomenon. One significant researcher of this phenomenon wrote Elements of Electrical Engineering as a supplement to his Alternating Current Phenomena that uses his phasor analysis of circuits. When plotting magnetization in terms of magnetic field strength, the coercivity and remanence of a permanent magnet may be seen on the graph associated with this phenomenon. The physicist that names an equation often modified by a term for sinusoidal excitation frequency, which multiplies a power of the peak flux amplitude to find the time-average loss due to this effect, is named Charles Proteus Steinmetz. For 10 points, name this phenomenon that is central to magnetic tape memory, that means \"lagging behind,\" and whose loop demonstrates path dependence.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-949fe8d13d6547d98c220ead5601a139",
            "input": "In one novel by this author, the false talent scout Maurice Venice recruits the protagonist while Dr. Tamkin takes Tommy Wilhelm's money. In another of his novels, Dr. Elya Gruner is the niece of the title one-eyed Polish Holocaust survivor. This author of Seize the Day and Mr. Sammler's Planet wrote a novel in which the title character fights for custody of Junie with his second wife Madeleine, Herzog. His most famous protagonist marries Stella after going to Mexico with Thea and working for Einhorn. For 10 points, name this Jewish author who wrote about \"\"an American, Chicago-born\"\" in his novel The Adventures of Augie March.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5ac3b8448b843da8a16c55b1fe2f92b",
            "input": "Accounts of this conflict were written by Roger of Howden and Giraldus Cambrensis. Before one of  the main combatants could reach the area of conflict, some of his ships as well as his fiance were  seized by Isaac of Cyprus. Another Isaac, the Byzantine Emperor, made a secret alliance to impede the progress of the German armies during this conflict, but after sacking (*) Iconium, that army retreated anyway because its commander fell off his horse and drowned. Following a successful capture of the city  of Acre, Leopold V of Austria left this conflict. For 10 points, name this military venture led by Frederick I Barbarossa , Phillip II of France, and Richard I of England to retake the Holy Land from Saladin's control.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23e7e09ceb204391856f844ea7b78b14",
            "input": "This author noted that \"Not all the vats upon the Rhine yield such an alcohol\" in a poem about tasting \"a liquor never brewed.\" This poet wrote about experiencing \"a tighter breathing and zero at the bone\" when encountering a snake in a poem about \"a narrow fellow in the grass.\" This author of \"I'm Nobody, Who Are You\" wrote about a carriage ride with death in another poem. For 10 points, name this reclusive American poet known as the \"Belle of Amherst.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe900482295f434c8bd550d786203b45",
            "input": "He was brought up by foster parents and was subsequently educated at San Carlos College before being sent to England. He left England for Spain in 1799, but not before associating with a secret Masonic Lodge established in London by Francisco Miranda. Beginning in 1814, Royalist forces began a three-year occupation after his Chilean patriots lost at Rancagua. In 1817 at Chacabuco, along with Jose de San Martin, he led a combined force of Argentine troops and Chilean exiles in a successful effort against the Spanish and was subsequently elected interim Supreme Director of Chile. For 10 points, name this South American independence leader who had a father of Irish descent.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11fdf446a2ae44a780a5decefb1a44cd",
            "input": "Its namesake was elected after a resignation by Simon Cameron. William Yancey's development of the \"Alabama Platform\" was formed in response to this amendment, which was ratified twice in the house, but the senate refused to impose its restrictions on President Polk's Army appropriation bill for lands acquired from Mexico, which would have barred slavery in the new territory. FTP identify this congressional proposal of August 8, 1846, named after a senator from Pennsylvania.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82c9e7d1e9674211b51120d394d5a78a",
            "input": "Eight eyes stare off in all directions from the two pillars of one stone sculpture by this man, who also carved twelve drum-like stools to sit around a large counter for another sculpture. In addition to The Kiss Gate and the Table of Silence, which, along with The Endless Column, form his Sculptural Ensemble, he created one sculpture of a young naked woman crossing herself, and one work which consists entirely of a bronze head which is supposed to look female. This artist of The Prayer and Sleeping Muse sculpted two stone blocks with their arms wrapped around each other in one more well known work, while he created several marble and bronze propellor looking things which supposedly represent flight. For 10 pointsname this sculptor of The Kiss and Bird in Space.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e4c42e0f938d45c0a6282b265d11d53f",
            "input": "He was a noted womanizer and used to brag in slang, \"Je peint avec mon bitre,\" or \"I paint with my phallus. \" In fact, his later career proved successful after he found a market for seductive portraits like those of Jeanne Samary and Mademoiselle Charpentier. This native of Limoges will always be noted for his warm, luminous nudes and other portraits like Child With Watering Can. During the last 20 years of his life, he was crippled by arthritis and had to paint with a brush strapped to his arm. This explains the lack of notable canvases following his 1887 Bathers series. FTP, name this French painter of Au Moulin de la Galette and Luncheon of the Boating Party.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5dce4e61951e4f9f88dc9c8d5716b09e",
            "input": "His On the Rainbow and On the Calculation of Chances were printed together posthumously. Decades earlier, while living with surgeon Hermann Homan, he penned the Korte Verhandeling and Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione. He made arguments about Old Testament prophets in 1663s Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, and in 1662 he finished a geometrical version of Descartess Principia Philosophiae, which influenced his most famous work, subtitled Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata. For 10 points, name this Dutch philosopher of Jewish origin and author of Ethics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e399c36b3f4543978eb02e5416153527",
            "input": "The main target of this event was involved in a controversial dispute over the control of a ship called the Porpoise and he had the former captain court marshaled, and that same man disrupted the barter economy in the region where it occurred by giving out free food to people who had been hurt by a recent flood. He was later found and captured by the people involved in this event, led by Major George Johnston, while he was cowering under his bed supposedly looking for missing papers, and a picture depicting his capture is considered the first political cartoon in the country in which it took place. That governor, who had earlier been overthrown in the Bounty Mutiny, Robert Bligh, brought enmity upon himself after receiving a letter from Castlereagh suggesting that he stop the trade of this event's namesake product. His replacement, William Paterson, returned to Sydney to take up Bligh's former post. For 10 points, name this 1808 uprising in Australia over a certain kind of alcohol.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-743b3d8ca2354ccd8994ccdde93a989c",
            "input": "This artist created \"Moose the Mooche\" for one recording session with Dial Records. In one piece, this artist launches into a solo after Max Roach thumps the bass drum, during which he quotes the clarinet solo from \"High Society\"; that piece is \"Ko Ko\". This artist utilized the chromatic scale to vastly expand his range of possible solos during a performance of \"Cherokee\". Like Igor Stravinsky, this person was fascinated with combining jazz and classical music, and thus recorded \"Everything Happens to Me\" and \"If I should lose you\" as part of a collaboration with a full strings section. Miles Davis once claimed that the history of jazz could be summed up entirely in the names of Louis Armstrong and this man. For 10 points, name this innovator of bebop, a jazz saxophonist who recorded the album \"Ornithology\" and whose nickname inspired the titles of \"Bird Gets the Worm\" and the \"Yardbird Suite\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c4e78ac235743b0b504274ffc9e8be0",
            "input": "The first movement of this composer's fifth symphony breaks out into a scherzo in its development section. One of his compositions opens with the an F-sharp minor 6/4 [\"six-four\"] chord in the low brass resolving to a French sixth. His violin concerto opens with hushed D minor tremolos in the orchestra violins before the soloist enters playing G-A-D. His seventh symphony, which is written almost entirely in the key of C, is in only one movement, and is his last completed symphony. Paavali's mother has a vision of dancers before Death comes for her in his Valse Triste. He drew on the same poetic source for Tapiola and Kullervo as he used for a piece that depicts a bird swimming in the underworld, \"The Swan of Tuonela\". For 10 points, name this composer of the Lemminkainen Suite and Finlandia.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c2097d932ec4eea8a34ef05dd099019",
            "input": "One part of this work describes \"three little branches coming down like sprigs of Spanish broom\" when discussing cassowaries. This work quotes a letter of the \"learned and worthy Mr. Molyneux\" on making a blind man see and distinguishing between a sphere and a cube. It mentions the effects of a maid telling a child about goblins and sprites in \"Of the Association of Ideas\", and advocates putting a football between one's hands in the section \"Idea of Solidity. \" This work's first book focuses on why \"Neither principles nor Ideas are Innate\", and goes on to distinguish between complex and simple ideas, as well as claiming color, a secondary quality, is derived from an object's primary qualities. For 10 points, name this work that advocates a tabula rasa view of the human mind, a work of John Locke.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bd110ebac3e94815bbae432c35bcc62d",
            "input": "Baptist and Methodist churches were burned in this colony in the 1830s after Anglicans blamed those groups for inciting Samuel Sharpe's rebellion. It was also the location of the Maroon Wars, which resulted in the ex-slave Cudjoe winning independence for an area in its interior. This country was known by its native population as the \"Land of Wood and Water,\" whereas the Spanish first called it Santiago when Juan de Esquievel founded the first European town here. The Battle of the Saintes quashed French plans to occupy this island, which were resumed in 1806 and again crushed by John Duckworth. Robert Venables and the elder William Penn had seized it for Britain in 1655, and Spain conceded that fact in the 1670 Treaty of Madrid. Twenty years later, an earthquake destroyed its then-capital at Port Royal, which had been the base of operations for Henry Morgan. FTP, name this island country full of rum and Rastafarians.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da42e7363f4b4ff5967417b6eb442cb5",
            "input": "One character in this novel has a fascination for a large wooden anchor that he nicknames Niobe; that character is Herbert Truczinsk, who has a tattoo of a hieroglyphic on his back that fascinates the protagonist. The protagonist of this work has conflicting accounts of his defense of a polish post office. Roswitha Raguna becomes the lover of the protagonist in the second part of this work, when he works at a circus. Sister Dorothea Kngetter is the focus of the third part of this work, when she is the love interest of the protagonist. The protagonist of this novel is a patient at a mental hospital whose scream can be used as a weapon; his name is Oskar Matzerath, and he refuses to grow. For 10 points, name this novel which precedes Dog Years and Cat and Mouse in the Danzig Trilogy, a work by Gunther Grass.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8857cfef93248778492634069ada795",
            "input": "One character created by this author is outraged and disheartened when his opponent commits the sealed Move 121. This author of a series of brief tales called the Palm-of-the-Hand stories wrote about a student who becomes close with a family of entertainers in \"The Dancing Girl of Izu.\" In another of his novels, the businessman Shimamura has an (*) affair with the geisha Komako in a hot spring town. For 10 points, name this Nobel prize winning Japanese author of The Master of Go and Snow Country.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-55cf726c36d84a508a8f5c700ac9135d",
            "input": "While serving as music tutor to the Esterhazy daughters, this man composed a C major sonata for piano four-hands which is known as his \"Grand Duo.\" This man was unable to play his own \"Wanderer Fantasy,\" and he substituted a double bass for one of the violins of the typical lineup for his Piano Quintet in A major. This composer's incidental music to Rosamunde has been suggested as a (*) conclusion to his eighth symphony. For 10 points, name this Romantic German composer of the \"Trout Quintet\" and the \"Unfinished Symphony.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-592214c692a54be5a1bbb6728300cf7e",
            "input": "The UCP1 protein found in some of these structures can be activated by beta-3 adrenergic signalling cascades. Defects in this structure can cause conditions such as Leigh's disease and MELAS syndrome. The hydrogen hypothesis is a model for the evolutionary development of this structure while Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory explains its function. These organelles contain numerous infoldings called cristae as well as a viscous matrix. For 10 points, name this maternally inherited organelle, the so called powerhouse of the cell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f55c1404c4734939a5a26b77b5f10405",
            "input": "This author wrote a novella in which the title girl misses her sisters after they are sent to India and Scotland, while she stays with her aunt. She also wrote in a little known work that Richard III must have been a \"very respectable man,\" her The History of England. In one work, the matchmaking title character is engaged to Frank Churchill but ends up marrying Mr. Knightley. Her best known work ends with Elizabeth Bennet marrying Mr.  Darcy, and Elizabeth's sister marries Mr. Bingley. For 10 points, name this author of works such as Emma, Sense and Sensibility, and Pride and Prejudice.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38b22318a0014ffda2fa967775dbcac1",
            "input": "The Kepler conjecture states that this quantity is maximized for HCP and FCC crystals. The reciprocal of this quantity is called specific volume. This quantity is the ratio between kinematic and dynamic viscosity. The melting point line has a negative slope when this quantity is greater for liquids than for solids. The ratio of it to a reference standard is specific gravity. Among elements, this quantity is greatest for osmium and iridium. For water, it's maximized at 4 degrees Celsius. If two substances are immiscible, the one with a greater value for this will form the bottom layer. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to mass over volume.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37effe82c7fa4e3ba1ee25a4210e3373",
            "input": "One of these compositions begins in 3/8 time and is essentially a triple concerto for violin and two \"flauti d'echo,\" with the violin playing the bass line at points. The last of these compositions features a third movement gigue that turns out to be a set of variations on a ritornello theme presented in the first movement. The first of these compositions features horn calls and ends with a polacca and trio, and may have been derived from the composer's (*) Hunting Cantata. The sixth is scored for viola, cello, viola da gamba, violone, and harpsichord, notably omitting violins. The fifth of these works has a long solo cadenza for the harpsichord. For 10 points, name these six compositions by J.S. Bach, named for the state ruled by Margrave Christian Ludwig.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbaa9b6a1d5a45afa79a5e9afb7fd13c",
            "input": "The fifth of them is a D major work whose second Affetuoso movement centers on the flute, violin, and harpsichord soloists. The third of them has a pair of chords known as a Phrygian cadence rather than a slow movement, while the fourth of them calls for two \"echo flutes,\" which may be a reference to the sopranino recorder. The last is a B flat major work which oddly has no parts for violin, while the first is an F major work which features an extra fourth movement. They are written in the Italian style, alternating fast, slow, and fast movements, and were composed around the year 1720. FTP, name this group of six concertos written by Johann Sebastian Bach for a German margrave.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-86b7aaba1abf44bca9ef8206212b3c51",
            "input": "One of this ruler's wives was Anna of Austria, the mother of his successor to the throne. This man appointed Antoine Granvelle chief counselor to Margaret of Parma, and he fought against Henry IV of France as part of the Catholic League during the French Wars of Religion. This man had William the Silent assassinated, and his advisor Antonio Perez killed Juan de Escobedo. He sent his half-brother Don Juan of Austria to command his fleet at the Battle of Lepanto. For 10 points, name this Habsburg king of Spain who attempted to invade England with the Spanish Armada.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f715001385d3427d9fdddb548bdf534e",
            "input": "This novel begins at the Engakuji temple, where the protagonist is served tea in a black bowl that once belonged to his father. One character in this novel bears a large hairy birthmark that disgusts the protagonist, and that character attempts to arrange a marriage between the protagonist and Yukiko Inamura. That character, Chikako, drives Mrs. Ota to suicide following the death of the protagonist's father, her former lover. For 10 points, name this novel that depicts aspects of the tea ceremony and centers on Kikuji Mitani, written by Yasunari Kawabata.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2387f9cc1c54423d93c4d9fa87caee15",
            "input": "For the city of Zurich, this artist sculpted the implicitly erotic Sheep Piece. He was assisted by Sir Anthony Caro, who created Dream City in his characteristic style after his death. During WW2, he produced thousands of sketches of London bomb shelters; more characteristic works of his include a sculpture which was decapitated in Dumfries, King and Queen. Situated near the Regenstein Library is his piece that commemorates the (*) Chicago Pile-1 reactor, Nuclear Energy. The piercing shapes of his rival Barbara Hepworth and the poses of Mayan statues inspired another series of his, which typically shows concave human forms in supine positions. For 10 points, name this British sculptor known for his Reclining Figures series.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e93268a890b4a23ae67de6d9e1fe3c9",
            "input": "He helped found the Kiangsi Soviet Party, and served as a theorist and military leader in Yanan from 1936 until 1945, at which point he began the effort for the party he co-founded in 1921 to gain control of his nation, which he did in 1949. FTP, name this man who led the 1934-35 Long March and ruled China until his 1976 death.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-403113e9b33242c8aa2cc5b13bd46bdc",
            "input": "One section of this work is based on designs for costumes for children dressed as canaries that would have been featured in the ballet Trilbi. The second movement comes from a nutcracker in the shape of a gnome, while the fourth is dominated by a sustained bass that is heard constantly while the primary tune plays above. That movement, \"The Old Castle,\" accompanies such sections as \"Limoges - The Market,\" \"Bydlo,\" and \"Two Jews, Rich and Poor,\" each of which is accompanied by a promenade. The piece culminates with the penultimate movement, \"The Hut on Fowl's Legs,\" followed by \"The Great Gate at Kiev. \" FTP name this suite based on a set of paintings by Victor Hartmann, a work of Modest Mussorgsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0f1c5f9423e47679bb8f6aee4af0e1e",
            "input": "Philip Glass was inspired by these pieces to compose his second violin concerto. The second movement of one of these works uses a two-note viola motif to represent a dog's bark. Eleven bars of pizzicato depict rain in the last of these works. The first of these compositions begins with trills in the solo violin to imitate birdcalls. These pieces were published with eight similar pieces as The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this set of violin concertos composed by Antonio Vivaldi, which includes \"Spring\" and \"Summer.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a7392a6279341f486aad264c131fc4d",
            "input": "David Lewis used this substance to illustrate the problem of the many. According to Jean Buridan, Socrates expressed a preference for this substance when Plato warned him what would happen if the next thing he said was a lie. In \"Of Miracles,\" Hume presents an Indian prince who was incredulous after seeing the transformation of this substance. A character named \"Oscar\" describes this substance differently than his (*) counterpart, who uses it to refer to XYZ, in the \"twin earth\" experiment proposed by Hilary Putnam. Because of a change in this substance, Heraclitus said of a certain source of it that no man steps in it twice. For 10 points, name this substance which Thales held as the basis of the Earth, privileging it over earth, air, and fire.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c138f85b4f6f4c04bb125f3816937c65",
            "input": "Hebrew myth, Lilith brings one of these items, which had previously been in a demon's den, into her daughter's room, causing her daughter to desire young men and prompting the saying that Lilith resides in all of these items. In another myth, a goddess is encouraged to look at one of these items after another goddess turns over a washtub and does a breast-exposing dance. In that myth, a goddess exclaims \"white face! \" after viewing one of them. Tezcatlipoca's name signifies a \"smoking obsidian\" variety of this item, one of which was placed across from Amaterasu's cave. For 10 points, name these objects, glassy surfaces that Narcissus would probably like a lot.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f84af80e30b5481aa235784d82e1f4df",
            "input": "Sent as a hostage to Constantinople at the age of seven, he quickly became involved in the court intrigues of Byzantine emperor Zeno. After becoming consul, he won a succession of decisive victories, including engagements at Isonzo and the Adda. His reign was troubled by conflicts with Pope John I, primarily because of Justin I's edicts against Arianism, of which this ruler was a believer. Earlier, he had solidified his claims by besieging and taking Ravenna and orchestrating the death of Odoacer. FTP, name this man who also executed Boethius, the Ostrogoth king of Italy from 493 to 526 AD.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b4fb432013c4805b27af6dbde3c48ff",
            "input": "The scene is set in a shady bower full of vines and statuary. One of these statues, representing discretion, stands at left with his finger to his lips. The central lady kicks her shoe playfully at the statue while a young man, probably her lover, moves some bushes aside to gaze up the lady's dress. Another man, unaware of the first's presence, pushes the lady in the title object in, FTP, what oil painting by Jean-Honore Fragonard",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3fb79df9bb1416782414c5991fe212f",
            "input": "In one work by this writer, a character writes about Sapo throwing a cane through a window. Sapo later transforms into Macmann, who--unlike Sapo--is similar to the character who writes his story. That work is part of a trilogy that ends with The Unnamable. In another work by this writer, Nagg and Nell, the parents of Hamm, are stuck in ash bins. In another work, a character claims that he minds goats and that his brother who minds sheep gets beaten. The two main characters in that work are nicknamed Didi and Gogo by a character who owns the slave Lucky, and one of them often says \"Nothing to be done.\" Name this Irish playwright of Malone Dies, Endgame, and Waiting for Godot [\"GOD\"-oh].",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39815986832e487783ba9e8cdd128c12",
            "input": "The B variety of this structure forms the backbone of NTFS and btrfs [butter-eff-ess]. Red-black and splay are binary self-balancing varieties of this data structure. Kruskal's and Prim's algorithms find a minimum-spanning one of these structures. An example of this where all(*) children are smaller than their parent is called a heap. They consist of nodes that point to exactly one other node. For 10 points, name this class of undirected, acyclic, connected graphs that also name a data structure with a root, branches, and leaves.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-64d87a8b58f641f0a28c37d49d1abdf9",
            "input": "The two regiments involved in this event, the 14th West Yorkshire Fusiliers and the 29th Worcestershire, were immediately removed to Castle William, but governor Thomas Hutchinson delayed the trial of the participants for seven months until October. Following Robert Treat Paine's prosecution, privates Hugh Montgomery and Matthew Kilroy were branded on the thumb for manslaughter, but the leading officer in this incident, Captain Thomas Preston, was acquitted. It occurred on the day the Townshend Acts were repealed and saw the deaths of Samuel Grey, James Caldwell, and Crispus Attucks, FTP, what was this 1770 event where British troops fired on an American mob in the namesake city",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb5ff406eb0e4d81a0f7c4267d831693",
            "input": "The field of this name is defined as the average dipole moment per unit volume of a dielectric material. A phenomenon given this name can be described by a system in which the multiplication of Jones vectors by Jones matrices represents the manipulation of this property by a linear optical element. This property is completely characterized by the (*) Stokes vector and can be altered by phase retarders. In one form of this property, the electromagnetic field only oscillates in one plane. This property comes in circular, elliptical and linear forms. For 10 points name this property of light that is exploited to reduce glare by some sunglasses.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-75b38d27aa2e4f1b8956598709cb0d5b",
            "input": "This presnt-day country contains the Kibiro Saltworks, which were a source of wealth for the Bunyoro kingdom until its king, Kabalega, was exiled to the Seychelles and its territory annexed by Britain. Much of the westernmost part of this country is ruled autonomously by the Toro kingdom, which like all kingdoms in this country was abolished in 1967 but restored in 1993. One of this country's chief port cities, the heavily Indian-influenced Jinja, suffered economically after all of this country's Asians were expelled in 1972. Another port city in this country was the site of Jonathan Netanyahu's 1976 raid on a highjacked Air France plane. Entebbe is a city in, FTP, what African country on the northern shore of Lake Victoria whose capital is Kampala",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-20a4b887edb4444eaee33567088d8efb",
            "input": "Magnus Barefoot saved this kingdom by stumbling into an uprising and inadvertently shooting Hugh Montgomery's eye. This kingdom's lore appears in the Red and White Books of Hergest. It was traditionally divided into commotes. Eleanor de Montfort was captured by pirates en route to this kingdom, forcing its ruler to sign the Treaty of Aberconwy. Its eastern border was governed by the Marcher Lords, and it lies west of (*) Offa's Dyke. Powys and Dyfed are sub-kingdoms within this country, where a rebel known as \"the Last\" lost to Edward Longshanks. Henry V subjugated Owen Glendower here. For 10 points, name this kingdom whose pre-Anglo-Saxon peoples were once led by Llywelyn the Great, whose namesake prince is the crown prince of the United Kingdom.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7d3aa1266f64dc4a2ec6e0b8a48b399",
            "input": "This author wrote that he felt a \"calm so deep\" caused by \"all the mighty heart...lying still\" while pausing in the morning. In addition to Sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge, another work of his notes that \"five years have passed\" since last he saw the title structure on the banks of Wye. He described an outing with his sister Dorothy and the sight of \"a host of golden daffodils\" in his poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud. For 10 points, name this author of Tintern Abbey who co-authored Lyrical Ballads with Samuel Taylor Coleridge.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-efc0c48afef94513ba3f87d4dbaf0632",
            "input": "As emperor, he transferred the last legion that was led by a senatorial proconsul to the command of an imperial legate, thus completing the complete control of the Roman army by the emperor. Although he may have been epileptic and did have a deep attachment to his sister Drusilla, accounts of his reign are so biased that it is difficult to ascertain his true actions. It is not true, however, that he made his horse a consul, though Suetonius claims he would have had he lived longer. FTP, name this wacky emperor who ruled Rome from 37 to 41 C.E.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1aacf166618446248449f63b0757fe91",
            "input": "Co-activators of this protein include BRCA1. Discovered in 1979 by Crawford et al, mutations in this protein often lead to a high susceptibility of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. After getting a ubiquitin attached to it, this protein is degraded unless USP7 interacts with it; that ubiquitin is placed on it by MDM2, which regulates this protein. This protein can be inactivated by E6, a mechanism that HPV uses. It is activated in response to stresses such as (*) UV rays, osmotic shock and deregulated oncogene expression. It stimulates another protein that binds to CDK2. Its functions include activating DNA repair proteins when DNA becomes damaged and initiating apoptosis of cells with damaged DNA. For 10 points, name this protein whose role as a cancer inhibitor leads it to be called the \"\"guardian angel\"\" of the cell and which is named for its molecular weight in kilodaltons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7aab332807404822949ae1dcd5a0bb7c",
            "input": "The version of this process known as the \"cumuliform\" type acts vertically in the atmosphere to produce dramatic weather effects. Its two major versions are governed by the dimensionless Grashof and Peclet numbers, and both major types also depend on the Prandtl number. The natural version depends on the tendency of fluids to expand when heated, in contrast to the forced version. FTP, what is this process in which heat is transferred by the movement of a fluid, the counterpart of radiation and conduction",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-819c87a05ca842049425d0ecd1542cb8",
            "input": "A twelve-piece song cycle includes the chant of \"pia\" in the section called \"Syllabes\" and precedes a more famous work in a trilogy including Cinq Rechants. One of his compositions requires seven soloists and draws heavily from Matthew's descriptions of a certain event, while another in seven books includes pieces about \"The Golden Oriole\" and \"The Tawny Owl\". Harawi preceded his only symphony in three-piece series inspired by Tristan and Isolde, whose solo piano part was initially played by his later wife Yvonne Loriod and which takes its title from the Sanskrit words meaning \"time\" and \"love\". The \"Liturgy of Crystal\" appears in a more famous work based on his experiences in a German POW camp. For 10 points, identify this composer of the The Transfiguration of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Catalague of Birds, Turangalila Symphony, and Quartet for the End of Time.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0cff7ea217224c0ba9d234cb250091e2",
            "input": "one depiction of this figure, a muscular, shirtless man reaches up to him in a pose that mimics Adam in Michelangelo's Creation, while a child below him clutches at a gray woman whose lap contains a sprawling gray baby. In another depiction, this figure journeys past a writing snake near a solitary dead tree in front of a wooden fence. In that depiction, this figure is going the wrong way along a race track. He is the half-brother of Sleep in a Waterhouse painting, and a renaissance motif sees him sneaking up on a maiden. For 10 points, name this figure, depicted by Benjamin West and Albert Pinkham Ryder \"on a pale horse. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f36e51072e6c4a6c8052f49c4fae263f",
            "input": "Cleaving its hinge with papain separates its Fc [eff-cee] and Fab [eff-ay-bee] portions. Its structure was established by Gerald Edelman and Rodney Porter, who found a characteristic beta fold in each of its 8 constant domains. The A type is found in saliva and milk, the G type activates macrophages, and the M type is made by B cells early in immune response. Consisting of two heavy chains and two kappa or lambda light chains and variable regions, FTP, name this immune protein produced in response to the presence of a specific antigen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e50bb6e6d6004344bdc718d3045d46be",
            "input": "One character in this work woos Giovanna's charge while disguised as the poor student Walter Mald. That same character seduces the Countess Ceprano after summarizing his womanizing philosophy in the aria \"Questa o quella. \"  The title character is tricked into helping break into his own house, where Borsa, Marullo and their companions succeed in carrying off the title character's daughter to the Duke of Mantua. Monterone's curse on the title character is fulfilled when his daughter Gilda sacrifices herself to Sparafucile's knife. Featuring the aria \"La donna  mobile,\" FTP name this Verdi opera about the titular hunchbacked jester.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-927465a86c694669ac4e49ff8ac11e9f",
            "input": "In one of his paintings, yellow and brown dominate the sky and the water around the title geologic entities, with just the tip of a small boat in the bottom left and an apparent animal in the right. That work was rediscovered in 1979 and is this man's Icebergs. He also painted a wide vista of a noted waterfall, and he visited Ecuador in order to stay in Alexander von Humboldt's old house, and he painted several views of Cotopaxi there as well as a painting in which a small waterfall is surrounded by detailed greenery in the titular mountains. For 10 points, name this painter of Niagara and Heart of the Andes, a member of the Hudson River School.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-15e9c4431421495988e7365e47e4a12f",
            "input": "His attempt at writing a series of musical sketches about famous authors was aborted after his Robert Browning Overture, though he returned to the idea with the movements Hawthorne, Emerson, The Alcotts, and Thoreau in a certain piano sonata. This composer of The Unanswered Question also invented the notion of estate planning and wrote the Camp Meeting Symphony. For 10 points, name these early polytonalist, an American composer of Three Places in New England and the Concord Hymn.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1112ebdd882e46328025baa8289a7ec5",
            "input": "The Vortsjarv is a large internal lake in this country. Among the 1500 islands controlled by this country are the Muhu archipelago members Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. Viljandi and Tartu are key cities of this country, which is found to the west of Lake (*) Peipus and the east of the Gulf of Riga. Found to the north of Latvia, for 10 points name this Baltic state whose capital is Tallinn.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a148cc94ec74e37982b7c6271b4cc54",
            "input": "His protagonists include the former ranch owner Baltasar Bustos and in another one of his works, a young woman controlled by her orchestra director, Gabriel, with a crystal seal. In addition to Inez, this decade has seen him publish such works as This I Believe and The Seat of the Eagle. His second novel focuses on a young historian who finds himself falling in love with an elderly widows niece, but when he embraces her she turns into the old woman. That work, Aura, was followed by such works as A Change of Skin, about a group of people on a journey to Veracruz, and Terra Nostra, a rumination on Spanish and Latin American History. Perhaps best known in the U.S. for his novel about the last days of Ambrose Bierce, for ten points, identify this Mexican writer of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a96c748c7414a0488cf4f82ee71f76c",
            "input": "Under the pseudonym Otfall, this author published three essays about Texas in the 1870s, as well as the short book Florida: Its Scenery, Climate and History, but he's better known for works in another form, like \"Clover\" and \"Sunrise, which show the influence of his study of Anglo-Saxon metrical forms. His poem \"The Symphony\" derives from his experience as a professional flautist, while a henchman kills the son of Maclean in his poem The Revenge of Hamish. He depicted the loss of innocence of Confederate soldier Philip Sterling in his only novel, Tiger-Lilies. Sometimes called the \"Poet Laureate of the South,\" FTP, name this author of \"The Song of the Chattahoochee\" and \"The Marshes of Glynn. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba6880e301fc44d6886a25ec05cb28a8",
            "input": "One superacid shaped like an icosahedron features a skeleton almost entirely composed of this element. The selectrides are a group of reducing agents featuring this element bonded to three sec-butyl groups, and the nitrogen atom in proline binds to this element in the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata catalyst. Aryl- and vinyl- acids containing this element react with aryl- and vinyl-halides on catalytic palladium in the Suzuki reaction. Anti-Markovnikov addition is a feature of the best-known reaction featuring this element, in which an alkene is converted into an alcohol. That reaction features a namesake hydration followed by an oxidation and is catalyzed by a reactive compound consisting of this element bonded to three hydrogen atoms. For 10 points, name this fifth element.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9f2cf2bc46549a0a192ca529d1d2c70",
            "input": "The floor in this painting appears to be a tiled geometric pattern consisting of circles and triangles. The background is primarily made up of green curtains, and there is a small, black and white crucifix in the upper left-hand corner of this painting. There is a two tiered table in the middle of this painting, and on the top tier a globe and astronomical equipment are placed, while on the bottom, a musical instrument sits and a book lies open. The two men in this painting are holding scrolls and wearing dark clothing. A noticeable feature in this painting is a large, anamorphic skull that appears at the feet of the two men for whom this painting is named. For ten points, identify this painting by Hans Holbein the Younger.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7236010bf984059adfeb4580c812f30",
            "input": "Following this man's defeat of Narseh and capture of Ctesiphon, he achieved favorable peace terms with the Sassanid Persians. Under this ruler, the \"traditors\" emerged; those were Christian leaders who handed over sacred texts during his persecutions, the last meaningful anti-Christian period in Rome. The late life of this emperor was spent at the place of Split in Croatia. After monetary policy under this man led to rampant inflation, he issued the Edict on Maximum Prices to freeze food prices. Other reforms undertaken during his reign include the establishment of capitals at Milan, Sermium, Nicomedia, and Trier, in order to share power with Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius. For 10 points, identify this Roman emperor ruling between 244 and 311 AD, who established the Tetrarchy.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87abfd4994444514a389d2ae94d2bd39",
            "input": "The defense of one of the countries involved lasted for five years until the final defeat at Cerro Cora. A secret alliance made with Velancio Flores, an enemy o the Blanco regime, spelled the end for the eventual losing side. Though declaration of war against Bartolome Mitre had already sealed the fate of Francisco Solano Lopez and his country. Costing Paraguay almost a third of its male population, FTP, identify this conflict fought between 1865 and 1870 and named for the number of nations allied against Paraguay.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3754fb9c15474ca997ad43a73c10425c",
            "input": "One central character of this novel visits his mother in this hospital only to find his rival ill with typhoid, and reconciles that rival with his estranged wife out of pity. That character in this novel works in a stocking mill in his youth, and meets a romantic partner while vacationing at age sixteen. One character in this work is the husband of a neglectful (*) coal miner named Walter, while another character marries Lily before dying young. The protagonist gives his mother an overdose of morphine to end her suffering from cancer and spends the novel drifting between Clara Dawes and Miriam Leivers. For 10 points, name this novel about Gertrude and Paul Morel, by D. H. Lawrence.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc5372123e3540f7a8b18915bca70fbe",
            "input": "This theorem is generalized by de Gua's Theorem. The traditional proof of this statement made use of the \"\"windmill. \"\" When using only integers, it is the highest possible case allowed by Fermat's Last Theorem. Many proofs of it are based on the dissection of shapes. This formula is also used to determine the norm of a vector in Cartesian space. It is the general case of the law of (*) cosines. For 10 points, name this theorem used to determine the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle, written a squared plus b squared equals c squared.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9e1b2814ab34a0eb76fe8506eef9a48",
            "input": "In the first act of this work, the Queen dances the Grand Polonaise with a drunken Wolfgang, the tutor of her son. That act comprises a birthday party for that son, at which he dances a pas de cinq with four potential suitors. After one pas de deux in this work, four figures seen as maidens gathering flowers in the prologue do a dance involving sixteen pas de chat in unison. The revival of this work was choreographed by Lev Ivanov and Marius Petipa. Two characters in this work, the (*) white protagonist and her black evil counterpart, are danced by the same ballerina. That latter character, who lures Prince Siegfried in a pas de deux, is Odile. For 10 points, name this ballet in which Baron von Rothbart transforms Odette into the title bird, written by Pyotr Tchaikovsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33d2527e12c04869b91480d5092cf201",
            "input": "During his last night in Ossenburger Hall, this character reads Isak Dinesens Out of Africa. Acquaintances that he makes include a nun with whom he discusses Romeo and Juliet. His voyeurism at the Edmont Hotel results in his seeing a transvestite and a couple that spit their drinks at each other. He backs out of a tryst with the prostitute Sally, and asks where the ducks in Central Park go during the winter. Amidst his wandering, he recalls his relationships with Jane Gallagher and Sally Hayes while reflecting on the suicide of James Castle and the death of his younger brother Allie. For ten points, name this main character of J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8c1bde3bcb724e8493fa5b4c12710f83",
            "input": "Georges Canguilhem devoted the first part of his The Normal and the Pathological to a critique of the conceptions of normality espoused by Claude Bernard and this thinker. John Stuart Mill wrote that one could distinguish between \"good\" and \"bad\" versions of this thinker, in response to a late work in which this thinker proposed a secular \"Religion of Humanity.\" In an earlier work, this thinker classified what he thought of as the six fundamental sciences on an \"encyclopedic scale.\" In that same work, this author of System of Positive Polity posited a succession of three stages in humanity's development: the theological, the metaphysical, and finally the positive. That work is the Course on Positive Philosophy, and this thinker coined the terms \"altruism\" and \"sociology.\" For 10 points, name this founder of positivism, an early French sociologist.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45e2acccafb74c66b24bc837b7cd5489",
            "input": "A model for its synthesis incorporates the tenets of catalytic cooperativity and rotational catalysis, which were formulated by Paul Boyer. This molecule binds to Walker A and Walker B motifs, and it can be synthesized via the binding change mechanism. During the formation of pyrimidines, it joins with ribose 5-phosphate to form PRPP. It is synthesized in the F0F1 complex, and it is catalyzed by dynein for use in flagella. It is produced under low-oxygen conditions by substrate-level phosphorylation, as in the last three reactions of glycolysis. FTP name this energy-carrying molecule produced by the electron-transport chain.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5ac999e58ce44487994350b084c0064b",
            "input": "This man commented that John Milton was a \"true poet, and of the devil's party without knowing it.\" Los attempts to reunite the four parts of Albion in this man's mythological work The Four Zoas. He frequently made his own engravings to accompany his poems, such as \"The Sick Rose.\" One of his poems describes a creature \"burning bright / in the forests of the night.\" For 10 points, name this British Romantic poet of \"The Tyger.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c210e7e853c749a6940e8ee67ba66194",
            "input": "This composer contrasts a quick \"musette\" dance with a 2/4 slower \"gavotte\" in the third movement of one work. He amended Lizst's suggestion that the second theme of the first movement be given to the trumpets rather than the cellos in a revision of his Piano Concerto in A minor, which is the only concerto he finished. His wife Nina inspired his composition \"Erotikon\" which is collected in a set that includes a worked inspired by the watchman's song in Macbeth and \"Wedding Day at Troldhaugen.\" This composer of Lyric Pieces wrote a work with the movements \"Aase's Death\" and \"Morning Mood.\" For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer of the Peer Gynt Suite, which contains \"In the Hall of the Mountain King.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e7c50d43a2314108971ab6c3f8ef06f3",
            "input": "This work is the subject of a 1991 critical interpretation by Edward Callan, who also published a 1968 biography of its author. This work's third chapter opens with the image of a small toy train climbing up to Carisbrooke. The main character's brother refers to the chief of his old village as a white man's dog, and in the end, the main character's sister Getrude returns to her life of prostitution and drink. The main character is assisted in his search for his son by the Reverend Theophilus Msimangu, but in the end, that son, Absalom, is hanged for the murder of Arthur Jarvis, while two white men are released. For ten points, identify this novel about the Reverend Stephen Kumalo, the most famous work of Alan Paton.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3a71349e73b47bf85af7e0eda0ede81",
            "input": "The title character of this work is tricked into going to Mrs. Sinclair's house, though she expects to go elsewhere while waiting for Colonel Morden. After receiving some bad news from her friend Miss Howe, the protagonist dresses up as a servant and runs away. However, she is arrested and thrown in jail as a debtor, though John Belford gets her out of prison and finds her a place with a glove maker. The protagonist had been meant to marry Mr. Solmes by her family, which includes her sister Arabella and her brother James, but she dislikes him and runs off with Robert Lovelace to escape. FTP, name this very long novel subtitled \"the history of a young lady,\" in which the title character dies after being drugged and raped, a work about a woman whose last name is Harlowe written by Samuel Richardson.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4c4cd345621466688002256fc566459",
            "input": "In one of this man's paintings, a figure in black unsheaths a sword next to a large red rug behind a figure kissing a woman in an orange dress as she drops a book. In another, a bearded figure has his arms raised to the left as he watches a nude woman lying on grass next to a putto. This painter of Paolo and Francesca and Jupiter and Antiope depicted one of the founders of Rome raising his fist triumphantly in his Romulus' Victory over Acron. Another of his works shows a figure (*) thrusting a golden lance into the maw of a monster next to a rock upon which a woman is chained. This painter of Roger Freeing Angelica is, however, best known for a nude depiction of a woman with too many vertebrae. for 10 points, identify this painter of La Grande Odalisque.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0d45748fc8f491c89d179f1656a542f",
            "input": "According to legend, one of its rulers took his name meaning \"forceful one\" from an exclamation by his deposed predecessor's daughter. It began with only two towns, Sarnah and Kikuya, but grew rapidly after victories over the Dogon, Mossi, and Tauregs, culminating with the addition of Djenn and Timbuktu to the empire. It was relevant, however, for little over a hundred years due to a 1591 Moroccan invasion. Centered at Gao and known for its merit-based civil service, FTP, name this kingdom whose rulers included Askia Muhammad and Sunni Ali.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-596d5182d05a43e7b1d80017d4fb1813",
            "input": "One character instructs another, \"Keep right on lying to me. That's what I want you to do\" while discussing former lovers. That character's \"toy riding-crop\" belonged to a former love killed during the Battle of the Somme. The surgeon Rinaldi's high living and professions of love are attributed to syphilis by the narrator, who himself defies death to rescue a block of cheese. A hard-drinking ambulance driver, falls in love with a blonde nurse, who dies giving birth to a stillborn son, in this novel about Catherine and Lieutenant Henry. For 10 points, what is this semi-autobiographical novel by Ernest Hemingway",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9cd12f14e604e94aa5c475c84487c57",
            "input": "In ferromagnetic materials, a version of this effect occurs in which the resultant resistivity predicted by this effect contains an additional zero-field term proportional to the magnetization. Arranging two solid-state elements which demonstrate this effect at right angles to each other and summing their output voltage to eliminate the noise is a typical way of producing a magnetic field sensor using this effect. This effect is derived by noting that the current crossed with the magnetic field creates a transverse current, which results in a potential difference. For ten points, identify this classical effect in which charge flowing across a transverse magnetic field results in an electric field component orthogonal to both the current and the magnetic field, often used to measure the sign of charge carriers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34534632d6a344aba2cb38fcbdde194c",
            "input": "He argued that classical economics focused on artificial equilibriums in \"Why is Economics not an Evolutionary Science\" and claimed that Bismarck's autocracy gave Prussia a technical advantage in \"Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution. \" He postulated a tech-savvy class in conflict with the business elite in The Engineers and the Price System and criticized colleges run by businessmen in The Higher Learning in America. This author of The Theory of Business Enterprise cited the potlatch custom in another work as an example of frivolous spending to achieve social status. FTP, name this economist who postulated \"conspicuous consumption\" in The Theory of the Leisure Class.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e902ef19bc584718ae0dcf2f59058293",
            "input": "A later offshoot of this movement was put down by the death of Chang Loxing after arising in Shandong in 1842 under the name of the (*) Nien. A favored bodyguard who married the Jiaqing emperor's daughter, Hoshen, allowed this movement to flourish while skimming from the treasury. For 10 points name this 1796 to 1804 uprising from a Buddhist secret society which sought to revive the Ming and displace the Manchus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13d03cbadef04111a0d78b163b6743e0",
            "input": "This artists innovative String Quintet in C Major alternates between minor and major tones as evidenced by the sudden shift of the G tone in the second movement. This musician didnt meet with much success from such operas as The Devil's Palace of Desire or The Friends of Salamanca. This composers adroitness at setting such texts as Der Doppelganger and Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel gained him fame for developing the lieder. For ten points, name this Austrian composer most famous for symphonies including his The Great and Unfinished.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eacc6174551144f5be078d3c9fd1e445",
            "input": "When one reaction by this name takes place between ketenes and a cyclic system, it is named for Bellus, and its Eschenmoser modification is used to create amides. A combination of that reaction with the Staudinger ligation is referred to as the Chen-Mapp reaction, while a version of it with allylic acetates that creates carboxylic acids is called the Ireland modification. Another reaction with this name has a crossed version that is useful when only one of the reactants has an enolizable alpha hydrogen. That reaction has an intermolecular version named for Dieckmann. FTP, name these two reactions, one of which takes an allyl vinyl ether to a delta-gamma unsaturated carbonyl by rearrangement and the other of which produces a beta-ketoester from the condensation of two esters.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6bc480f6a6794c2eaab24dca213c4da5",
            "input": "A woman from this country, with the last name Cornet, supposedly hid Hanna Nadel. The death of Oswald Englebin in this country led to the Courcelles Massacre. While fighting on the Eastern front, a person from this country was wounded at Cherkassy, an event described in his book Campaign in Russia. The newspaper Le Pays Reel was the chief mouthpiece of Jean Denis, who was the chief idealouge for a movement in this country. This country's king surrendered it during World War II against the wishes of Pierlot, its prime minister. Nazi collaborators in this country included Victor Matthys and Jose Streel. Those two belonged to a fascist group led by Leon Degrelle named Rexism in this country. For 10 points, name this country that King Leopold III surrendered to the Nazis during World War II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70e0bd5793694d0e907677b5f16ad12d",
            "input": "This artist once almost got in a fight with Thelonious Monk, which helped give him a reputation of having a quick temper. This man's first quintet released four albums from a two day recording session but broke up due to the band member's drug problems. This artist teamed up with Gil Evans to produce some of his most famous music, and they teamed up with Joaquin Rodrigo to produce Sketches of Spain. He reformed his sextet to record his most famous modal jazz album. For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter who fused jazz and rock n' roll in his album Bitches Brew and whose most popular album is Kind of Blue.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5743a1bbbc65471f807fb6e1c7a23b00",
            "input": "In one of this writer's poems, Saturn, who is \"quiet as a stone, / Still as the silence round about his lair\", sits in \"the shady sadness of a vale\". The speaker asks \"Where are the songs of Spring Ay, where are they\" in another of his poems, which describes a \"Season of mists and yellow fruitfulness\". This poet of the unfinished \"Hyperion\" and \"To (*) Autumn\" also wrote a poem addressed to a \"light-winged Dryad of the trees\". Another one of his poems describes a \"foster-child of Silence and slow Time\" and concludes by stating that \"Beauty is truth, truth Beauty.\" For ten points, name this English poet of \"Ode to a Nightingale\" and \"Ode on a Grecian Urn.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e952ff0aefd46f3a55450cf9556b074",
            "input": "An attempt at seduction in this story goes awry when a girl protests that she is wearing the clothes of mourning, and her suitor suggests that she simply remove her dress. Following an argument over whether the only available sofa is yellow or green, one character leaves his room to avoid talking to his mother and attempts to claim that he took a walk in the garden afterwards. The trouble began when a man fixed up his unhappy wife and his former secretary, and then attempted to find a lover for himself at a brothel run under cover of a dress shop by Madame Pace. All ends with the girl drowning in a fountain, and the boy being killed by a mysterious gunshot, resulting in an argument over whether he is dead or merely pretending, and the director complaining \"I've lost a whole day over these people. \" An unnamed father, stepdaughter, mother, adult son, teenage boy, and young girl are the title figures in, FTP, what play by Luigi Pirandello",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcd103e7e7454ae5b8d090b9cdca1b9b",
            "input": "A major influence on this bill was the book Other People's Money, and How the Bankers Use It. Components of this bill were later expanded by the Kefauver Act and the (*) Robinson-Patman Act. Natural competitors were prohibited from divvying up sales territories under this law, which regulated conglomerate mergers for the first time and was signed by Wilson. For 10 points name this 1914 piece of antitrust regulation.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-028120aa5ba848a781f3353d60dcd894",
            "input": "An ion of this element is used as a masking agent when performing an EDTA titration of a mixture of magnesium and aluminum. A common inhibitor of serine proteases contains a phosphate group attached to two isopropyl groups and an atom of this element. One compound that contains 3 atoms of this element is used to cleave t-BOC during solid-phase peptide synthesis. When this atom is added to the alpha carbon of acetic acid, it significantly strengthens it via the (*) inductive effect. A powerful Lewis acid is a compound of three atoms of this element attached to boron. Four atoms of this element are attached to the repeating element of Teflon, and an acid of this element is used to etch glass. An ion of the element is commonly added to drinking water. For 10 points, name this most electronegative element with atomic number 9 and symbol F.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d41e485c0af14e30a87cc313648ddef3",
            "input": "In one artwork from this country, a white dog and a brown dog frolic in front of a group of travelers crossing a bridge named after this country. An artist from this country created a series of works called Oceans of Wisdom, as well as a work in which a green tree-covered landscape in the bottom gives way to a red coloration higher up, beneath a blue sky with clouds. A contemporary artist from this country created the \"superflat\" aesthetic. One artist from this country created a series depicting fifty-three stations on a road in this country. An artistic genre from this country has a name meaning \"pictures of the floating world.\" One artist in that genre created a series of thirty-six views of a mountain in this country. For 10 points, name this country whose painters include Hiroshige and Hokusai.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aea1ffd7d5884c188e64ed3d2e2a68f5",
            "input": "composer's third string quartet is in E major and contains a second movement whose scherzo sections alternate with brief fugal passages. He revised his first string quintet to add a slow movement commemorating the death of his friend, the virtuoso violinist Edouard Rietz, and this composer's second symphony includes such movements as \"I waited for the Lord\" and \"My song shall be always thy mercy. \" This man wrote that his Opus 20 \"must be played by all instruments in a symphonic orchestral style\" and in fact arranged for full orchestra the second movement of that work, which is scored for four violins, two cellos, and two violas. Along with his string octet, this composer of the \"Hymns of Praise\" symphony wrote eight books of six pieces each for solo piano, including the Songs Without Words, dedicated to his sister Fanny. FTP, name this composer of the \"Italian\" and \"Reformation\" symphonies and the Hebrides overture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92f60772f71e4e4f81ec3cefe21c8a88",
            "input": "Linda Seidel published an analysis of this work in 1993, with the subtitle Stories of An Icon. The cherry tree outside of the window on the left bears fruit, indicating that the scene takes place in the summer. Four strings of amber beads are hanging on the back wall right next to a convex mirror, which is believed to contain a small self-portrait of the painter. The chandelier on the ceiling contains only one candle, and the small dog in front of the two people in this work is believed to symbolize fidelity. The man wears a black hat and a brown robe, while the woman wears a green dress and a white headscarf. FTP, name this portrait by Jan van Eyck showing a recently married couple.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32c38a2696ae4af3a2244a7bcc922629",
            "input": "A ligand containing it as its central atom dissociates from rhodium(I) [\"rhodium-one\"] in the catalytic mechanism of Wilkinson's catalyst. It is found in a four-membered ring with sulfur in Lawesson's reagent, and this element nucleophilically attacks nitrogen in the Staudinger reaction and the Mitsunobu reaction. It was discovered in 1669 by German alchemist Hennig Brand where is was prepared through a sample of his own urine. Existing as both red and white allotropes, FTP, identify this nonmetallic element that is found below nitrogen as element number 15 on the periodic table.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39c39f8e8aa443c688cdd348686ede3a",
            "input": "One animal of this type was given to Procris after she cured Midass curse, but was turned to stone along with the Teumessian fox by Zeus. Four to six heads of this animal are attached to Scyllas waist, and one of them dies after being the first to see Odysseus on Ithaca. In addition to Laelaps, a two-headed Erytheian type of this animal belonged to Eurytion and protected the red cattle of Geryon. That animal, Orthrus, was the brother of another of these animals that frightens Eurystheus when Hercules brings him out of Hades on a labor. For 10 points, name this animal, examples of which are Sirius and the three-headed Cerberus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-131958dc3007469caa302942db2f8bc1",
            "input": "It is often believed that either verses by Agnolo Poliziano or texts by Ovid and Lucretius were the inspirations for this painting. Its artist gave one of this painting's characters the face of another person, whose portrait he had painted in Catherine of Alexandria. In this painting, the central figure, who is wearing a red cloak, is next to Flora, who is scattering flowers on the ground to her right. Stretching his hand upward to pick oranges is Mercury, wearing his winged shoes and bearing his caduceus. On the right, Zephyr is in pursuit of the nymph Chloris, while Cupid, floating above Venus, is aiming his arrows at the Graces, who are dancing at left. FTP, name this Sandro Botticelli painting which depicts the arrival of the title season",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b114c8c1b0d644fe8d923274b38bea0c",
            "input": "Procedures of this type can provide polynomial time solutions to such problems as finding optimal places to insert line breaks in a body of text, finding the largest common substring of two strings, and the integer knapsack problem. They can provide vast improvements over exhaustive search algorithms by caching the answers to intermediate computations. FTP, name this type of algorithm that generally uses recurrence relations and the principle of optimality to solve optimization problems by first solving related subproblems, and which often works where greedy algorithms fail.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5058e182040f49aaade9c7cff64f4643",
            "input": "One of this author's poems tells its addressee to foster justice instead of violence after describing a fable about a hawk carrying a nightingale in its talons. A poem by Alcidamas ends with judges awarding a victory to this author, whose Catelogues of Women is no longer extant. In a poem addressed to Perses, this author argued that men passed through (*) ages of gold, silver, bronze, and heroes before the current age of iron. This author included a hymn to Hecate in his longest poem, which describes Aphrodite's birth from the semen of the castrated Uranus. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek poet of Works and Days and Theogony.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f508d61afd834d398f40760106ca3b9b",
            "input": "F. T. Frelinghuysen served as Secretary of State for this US President, who kept 80 pairs of pants in his wardrobe. His father was a co-founder of the New York Antislavery Society, and as a young lawyer, he won a landmark case leading to desegregation of public transport in New York City. This associate of Roscoe Conkling used tax money to reward political supporters after President Grant appointed him Collector of the Port of New York in 1871, and the Pendleton Act was passed 12 years later, during his presidency. For ten points, name this man who became president after James Garfield was shot.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ce2a59f41f94d4ebb793e91b30929c2",
            "input": "It's not childbirth, but one god of this domain had a name mistranslated as \"placenta king,\" and displaced an older god of it named Iah. During the Middle Kingdom, this domain was represented symbolically by a lake at Karnak, and by the youngest member of the Theban Triad, who was the son of Mut and Amun. One god of this domain allowed Kheru-Ur and four other new deities to be born from Nut after losing one seventy-second of his power, elongating the year by five days. This realm was represented by Khonsu, who lost a gambling game to Thoth. This object also corresponds to a body part removed in combat with Set. For 10 points, name this cosmic object which ancient Egyptians equated with the ripped-out left eye of Horus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec41e99e379e4151bea238676fed8429",
            "input": "Chris Marker's theory that the second half of this film mostly takes place in the mind of its protagonist partially hinges on the fact that it takes months to get reservations at Ernie's. This film uses an extensive amount of profile shots of one character whom the main character is tasked to follow by Gavin Elster. That character, a look-alike of Madeline, pretends to have been overtaken by the spirit of Carlotta Valdez so that Madeleine's fall from the top of the bell tower at the Mission San Juan Bautista could be ruled a suicide. For 10 points, name this Alfred Hitchock film in which Scottie Ferguson pursues a mysterious woman but is hampered by his titular dizziness.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d45a85d60eff435db856b2f57fbc5f56",
            "input": "His poems include an admonishment to a Spaniard for brushing his teeth with piss, a warning to a napkin-thief, a tirade against an  over-priced prostitute, and a vicious warning to two former friends that he will orally and anally rape them. He also wrote a masturbation joke addressed to Cato the Younger and implied that Caesar was a homosexual. His more traditional works include an ode on his brother's tomb, containing the words, \"frater, ave atque vale. \"  However, he is best known for his love poems which include a defense of his lover against Quintia and a poem about her sparrow. FTP identify this Roman poet who loved Lesbia.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f569a093691e40d0a5258ff05979d6ec",
            "input": "One analogue to this rule is named for Hopkinson and has constant of proportionality the reluctance; this rule and Hopkinsons law may be combined for a circulating magnetic field in a plasma to analyze a namesake form of heating. A generalization of this equation states that the current density equals the sum over n from 1 to infinity of the nth conductivity tensor acting on the nth direct product of the electric field; truncating to first order gives the microscopic form of this law, j equals sigma E, which may be averaged to give the more familiar lumped circuit form. For 10 points, name this physical law that says that the voltage drop is the current times the resistance, or V equals I R; a law named for a German high school teacher.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-134aaa7d89d4494d89e86f59a418aa62",
            "input": "The non-linear Anscombe transform on this type of variable sets the variance of it to 1, and Dobinski's formula demonstrates that nth Bell number is the nth moment of this distribution. With PDF proportional to its characteristic value to the k over k factorial, the difference between two variables with this distribution follows the Skellam distribution, and it can be considered a limiting case of the binomial distribution. It has both mean and variance lambda, and von Bortkiewicz used it to model deaths by horse kick in the Prussian army, illustrating his proposed Law of Small Numbers. For 10 points, identify this probability distribution, used to model the number of low-probability events that occur in a specific time period.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f23d37dd5c74fdcb305daa3b003e23d",
            "input": "This man acted as assistant to Andrew Talcott, helping to build Fort Calhoun and Fort Monroe. He found a flanking route at the Battle of Cerro Gordo during the Mexican-American War. This man took over Joseph Johnston's post after Johnston was wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines. This man won at the Battles of the (*) Wilderness and Cold Harbor, as well as Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. He suffered losses at Antietam and Gettysburg. For 10 points, name this leader of the Confederate army.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9711bf44bb404f78a6a623cad7147cdc",
            "input": "Chapters in it include Intuitionism, The Problem of Unity and one discussing the problem of the titular concept between different generations. Its Duty and Obligation section addresses things like \"The Role of Civil Disobedience\", and the revised edition's introduction notes the difference in the title concept in welfare states and property-owning democracies. Martha Nussbaums Women and Human Development is one of many direct responses to this book, with others by Amartya Sen and Michael Sandel, along with a famous refutation premised on Entitlement Theory meant to justify the minimal state. Though mentioned, the concept of Public Reason isnt expanded until the authors clarification of this work, the similarly titled Justice as Fairness, where the author re-explains the difference principle, the liberty principle and the Veil of Ignorance. FTP, identify this philosophical classic, a 1971 work by John Rawls.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22eee3891894433e9d527e18f69c24d7",
            "input": "In one of this thinker's works, he used the term sensus communis to define an ability all people use to reflect on actions. This man wrote an essay which included a provision for removing all standing armies and which influenced democratic peace theory. Lying would be considered immoral by this author of \"Perpetual Peace\" because, according to him, the morality of an action depends on whether or not it is a universal law. This thinker described synthetic knowledge that is a priori, and introduced the categorical imperative in Groundworks on the Metaphysics of Morals. For 10 points, name this German Enlightenment author of Critiques on Judgment and Pure Reason.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fcbac84224b74f53bc5f38fad597a506",
            "input": "These objects can have an internal boundary named for Cauchy, and they can also be extremal according to the Reissner-Nordstrom metric. If the charge to mass ratio is any higher, they can violate the Cosmic Censorship Hypothesis. Their entropy was conjectured to be inversely proportional to the Planck length squared by Bekenstein, who sometimes names a process in which spontaneous pair production results in them giving off energy, known as Hawking radiation. For 10 points, name these objects, which occur above the Chandraseker limit, consisting of an event horizon surrounding a singularity, and which are so massive that no light can escape.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4752f88573a3474cb7c4582aa33ac0e9",
            "input": "This philosopher argued that society's negative influence transformed a self-preserving \"love of self\" into a \"love of pride.\" This philosopher presented the first man to fence off land as the origin of a three-part sequence by which society transitions from nature to the inequality between master and slave. This author of Discourse on Inequality argued in his most famous book that a sovereign must express the \"general will\" of the whole populace. For 10 points, name this philosopher whose Social Contract was considered a model for the French Revolution.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d556b6f8b00b4ce1b3bb791e86d22a2e",
            "input": "He writes that \"to love is to battle, if two kiss the world changes\" in a poem that exclaims \"I travel your length like a river, I travel your body like a forest. \" Author of The Pears of the Elm and Conunctions and Disjunctions, he rewrote Hawthorne's \"Rappaccini's Daughter\" and a biography of Juana Inez de la Cruz, The Traps of Faith. He is better known for analyzing la Malinche and the Pachucos in a work that claims natives wear masks imposed by colonial powers. He incorporated the Aztec calendar into his aforementioned poem Sun Stone, and also wrote The Bow and the Lyre and Luna silvestre. FTP name this Mexican diplomat, and author of The Labyrinth of Solitude.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-acf5dc84ab1e4211b6d767ac23a01977",
            "input": "One character in this work uses an analogy of a deaf and blind ship owner to demonstrate that true knowledge is viewed as useless by society. Another man in this work refutes an argument using a comparison of the soul to a virtuous city. Glaucon argues that virtue is not its own reward with the legend of the Ring of Gyges, and this work posits that Philosopher-kings would rule an ideal government. It contains the story in which a group of shackled prisoners see shadows against a wall. For 10 points, name this work containing the allegory of the cave, a work by Plato that describes the city-state.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-396ff3adcf3546888d5be03e8d36e118",
            "input": "One character created by this author buys a green hat and green suit and refers to black people as 'hubshi.' The prologue from that collection features a Lebanese furniture-maker who has Hans threaten a tramp aboard a cruise ship. \"One out of Many\" is from a collection whose title story begins with a Zulu boy rejecting the advances of Bobby, who later drives with Linda through the title location. For 10 points, identify this sexist Trinidadian author of In a Free State and A House for Mr. Biswas.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25aeff945700405999f28569ed26596d",
            "input": "By the Third Law of Thermodynamics and a magnetic equivalent of this law, the critical magnetic field for a superconductor approaches a constant as temperature approaches absolute zero. This equation can be derived by showing that a Carnot engine run between two phases at two close temperatures has the same thermal efficiency. It can also be derived by finding the infinitesimal change in chemical potential for each of two phases in equilibrium with each other; that form of this equation says that the derivative of vapor pressure with respect to temperature equals the change in entropy over the change in volume. For 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous equation which gives the slope of the coexistence line in a pressure versus temperature plot.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82673bf3f40749d6872fee0447d5930e",
            "input": "It causes the weak bluish white glow in polls of water that shield some nuclear reactors. It is created by highly energetic charged particles that displace electrons in the medium through which they travel, and the subsequent electromagnetic wave in the wake of these particles is similar to the bow wave of a fast boat. FTP, what is this light produced when charged particles move through a medium faster than the speed of light in that medium",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c9e4047968cd4dde88c84eb04d05a13a",
            "input": "A recent article by Manning, Levine, and Collins questions the assumptions behind the study that first showed this effect. Among the props used in that study was a case of beer; another experiment in that study used a male pre-med student as a confederate. Among the findings of that Latane and Darley study were that 90% of subjects refused to exit a smoky room when two confederates ignored the smoke; 31% of subjects reported a seizure when they thought there were four other people around to do it; and nobody reported a lady falling and moaning about a hurt leg. First inspired by the murder of Kitty Genovese in the presence of apparently 38 possible witnesses, for ten points, identify this effect in which people stand around and assume someone else is going to do something about an emergency.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9631feeee2e54fd89e5808d7109974f1",
            "input": "The interplay of separately lit spaces, in the foreground versus the background, was anticipated by the artist's earlier painting The Tapestry Weavers. The pairing of the nun and man-servant on the right of the canvas parallels the shadowy and silvery depiction of the royal couple in the center. Two large Ruben-like paintings hang above the scene as a young boy threatens to kick a contented looking dog and a painter tries to work in his studio. But the most enigmatic parts of the painting are the man in the open doorway in the background and the dwarf whose pose echoes that of the Infanta. FTP, identify this 1656 depiction of \"The Maids of Honor\" by Velazquez.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bbcf3495a0154b17bad0ca602c49d6df",
            "input": "In one of this man's poems, he wrote that \"the tree of man was never quiet then 'twas the Roman, now 'tis I.\" In a poem about a figure jailed \"for the colour of his hair,\" a reference to homosexuality, this man asked \"Oh who is that young sinner with the handcuffs on his wrists\" This man's poetry was influenced by his unrequited love for Oxford classmate Moses Jackson. This poet wrote that (*) \"malt does more than Milton can to justify God's ways to man\" in a poem about a character who \"eats his victuals fast enough.\" That poem by him appears in a collection with \"When I was one-and-twenty\" and \"To An Athlete Dying Young.\" For 10 points, identify this English poet, the author of the collection A Shropshire Lad.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d2813bac2274af79733ab4a64e922af",
            "input": "Antonio Canova created a marble pyramid as a mausoleum in the Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari for this artist. Palma the Younger completed his last painting, which features a self portrait with his son Orazio and is called his Pieta, while the title character is holding onto a bull's horns in his Rape of Europa. He depicted Laura Bagarotto sitting on a coffin next to Venus in a work painted for the wedding of Niccolo Aurelio, his Sacred and Profane Love, but this painter of Bacchus and Ariadne may be better remembered for a painting in which the two servants are searching in a chest in the background while title figure reclines nude in front of a green curtain. FTP, name this Italian painter of Venus of Urbino.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0cf6e786b69e443194bf062148c307a7",
            "input": "Pablo Picasso made a series of 58 variations on this painting, and it was only given its modern title in 1834, nearly two hundred years after it was painted. The scene takes place in a room decorated by large canvases, and a dog lies comfortably in the right foreground. In a doorway in the background, we see Jose Nieto, while in the foreground are two dwarves and the two figures mentioned in the title, Isabel Velasco and Agustina Sarmiento. FTP, a mirror showing the king and queen, and the artist himself standing near an easel are the two most famous features of what Velazquez masterpiece",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ab65148823e4e459467a2e7eee6399d",
            "input": "This thinker claimed both animals and humans both acquire customs through experimentation in a work that argues we trust some testimony since man has strong memory and is not inclined to lie. This man used the example of a house to disprove the argument from design in a work narrated by Pamphilus. One of this man's works that distinguished between \"relations of ideas\" and \"matters of fact\" woke Kant from his (*) \"dogmatic slumber\". In that work, this author of Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion conceded that one exception to his distinction between \"sense impressions\" and \"ideas\" was the \"missing shade of blue\". For 10 points, name this author of A Treatise of Human Nature and Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, a Scottish philosopher.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a378cddc1b146efa1b292c4782e23d5",
            "input": "A character in this work sings of a cook who beats a dog to death with a ladle for stealing a breadcrust, and that character stinks of garlic, which he eats for the health of his kidneys. One character provides another some chicken bones to gnaw on and a boy in this work tends to the title character's goats and acts as his messenger. This work mentions a \"personal god\" uttered forth by \"Puncher and Wattmann\" during a nonsensical monologue that results when Pozzo's servant Lucky is instructed to \"think. \" FTP, name this \"tragicomedy in two acts\" in which Vladimir and Estragon linger in hopes of seeing the title character, an absurdist play by Samuel Beckett.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-15abf8f0fe7c4c219981f783b8894080",
            "input": "These entities can be hierarchically classified based on the Strahler Order. The speed of objects in this kind of system varies by the sixth power of this system's speed by Brahm's law. Einstein wrote a paper about Baer's law, which claims that the hemisphere of the earth in which these bodies are situated affects erosion. When these bodies form underneath glaciers, they create braided ridges known as eskers. Their cross-sectional area multiplied by their average linear velocity gives their discharge. These bodies create ox-bow lakes when they cut off a meander. For 10 points, name these bodies of water exemplified by the Amazon and Mississippi.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd5f6702073948a190062c62fd2ec85b",
            "input": "phenomenon can be modified by the Goldanskii-Karyagin effect, allowing detection of anisotropies in the mean-square displacements of randomly-oriented systems when there is quadrupole and/or magnetic splitting in resolved hyperfine structure in its spectrum. As with X-ray and neutron scattering, the Debye-Waller factor can be used to calculate the fraction of emission or absorption events displaying this phenomenon. It was first seen in iridium-191, but this phenomenon of nuclear resonance fluoresence is more often observed using samples of iron-57. FTP, name this phenomenon in which a crystal lattice absorbs or emits a gamma ray with zero recoil.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d891769748349a7aa1f4fd72157c9d4",
            "input": "and Omel'yanchuk developed refinements for metallic links in these objects, while thermal fluctuations in these objects can be analyzed with the Ambegaokar-Halperin model, and irradiating one of these devices gives rise to constant voltage Shapiro steps in them. They are characterized by the overdamped and underdamped regimes of the (*) RCSJ model, while semifluxons occur in their zero-pi long variety. Shadow evaporation can be used to create them for flux qubits, and their associated constant is equal to two times e over h, making it the reciprocal of the magnetic flux quantum. The current across one of these devices is equal to the critical current times the sine of the phase difference, while two of these devices are arranged in a superconducting loop in a DC SQUID. For 10 points, name these devices defined by the current flow across a non conducting barrier between two coupled superconductors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b710988c66b64dbdabcc09da897d992c",
            "input": "Gravitational redshift was measured by Pound, Rebka, and Snider in Harvard's Jefferson Tower using this technique to detect a frequency shift of order one part in ten to the 14th. It can be used for precise studies of the Zeeman effect in nuclei. Iron 57 and tin 119 are two of the isotopes used in this type of spectroscopy due to narrow linewidths in their transitions. Before this technique, the large size of Doppler shifts relative to transition widths made nuclear spectroscopy problematic. It was discovered by its namesake when he was a graduate student at the Munich University of Technology. FTP, what is this effect in which a crystal lattice reduces recoil energy",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a506126c247b4400b69ba7a26306070a",
            "input": "This artist painted two round impressions in the wall behind him in Self Portrait with Two Circles. He\\n painted Jesus, the twelve disciples, and one other man having their small boat rocked by a large wave in his\\n The Storm on the Sea of Galilee. He painted a philosopher with his hand resting on a statue in Aristotle\\n Contemplating the Bust of Homer. The title character of another of his paintings holds up the skinless arm\\n of a corpse. This artist painted a drummer and a girl holding a chicken in his depiction of Frans Banning\\n Cocq's militia. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter of The Anatomy Lesson and Night Watch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de6d123db9f14932b178f9afda29ae5a",
            "input": "This man's reign saw the subjugation of Bijapur and Golconda, attacks on the Uzbegs and Persians, and two wars in the Deccan. Coming to power in 1628, a severe illness in 1657 led to a succession war which saw his imprisonment by his son Aurangzeb, and on his death he was buried with his favorite wife, Mumtaz. FTP, who was this Mughal ruler who immortalized his wife with the construction in Agra of the Taj Mahal",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ccef81384fd47a2b88597affe455fde",
            "input": "The Atkinson-Shiffrin model for this concept differs from the levels-of- processing model, and it was studied using 2300 CVC trigrams by Ebbinghaus. The parallel distributed processing model for this suggests that a new one of these changes all the past ones, and chunking is a method for this that allows people to maintain more than \"seven plus or minus two mental\" objects. Tests on the patient Henry Molaison demonstrated that its explicit variety was limited but damage to the hippocampus did not affect its working type or motor learning. For 10 points, name this capacity to store and retrieve past sensations and information.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b23ba04a60f44ddb448fedf0451cb30",
            "input": "This man called his only major composition for organ an attempt to revive polyphonic music, as that was \"the only true and vital style for the instrument,\" and that work built upon his earlier 29 Preludes for organ. Besides Commotio, one of his works opens with 26 repeated A's, and he included Hindu and Negro dances as well as a depiction of the Marketplace at Isphahan in his Aladdin Suite. He also modeled the movement of the sun in the Helios Overture, and he composed the opera Saul and David in addition to the aforementioned Sinfonia Espansiva. The third movement of another of his works ends with oboe playing solo above the strings and segues into the fourth movement which features a battle between two sets of timpani on opposite sides of the stage. For 10 points, name this Danish composer whose symphonies include The Four Temperaments and The Inextinguishable.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8bd42ad17bc4a6fadde8bef94074bf6",
            "input": "In one story, Pirathous and Theseus are trapped in this location by a snakes that tie them to a chair. One part of this location is ruled by the Cretan Rhadamanthus and another is called the Asphodel Meadows. Rivers in this location include Phlegethon, Cocytus, Acheron and Lethe. Residents of this place include the wheel-bound Ixion and Sisyphus, who must roll a boulder up a hill for eternity. For 10 points, name this place bounded by the river Styx and ruled by Persephone and its namesake god, the underworld in Greek mythology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56b38388f11b4a45bf8f4b3413cb6153",
            "input": "The Latin Mass is the source of the titles of this composer's third symphony of this composer, who also wrote incidental music for a play by Rene Morax. This composer of A Christmas Cantata created a piece for solo flute for the play Dance of the Goat. This man's Amphion contains the notable Prelude, Fugue, and Postlude, and his Summer Pastoral was written for chamber orchestra. He collaborated with Ibert on his opera L'Aiglon, while Ida Rubinstein commissioned his Joan of Arc at the Stake. This critic of Satie collaborated with Cocteau on the opera Antigone, while his best known work is paired with Rugby and Mouvement Symphonique No. 3 and imitates the sound of a locomotive. For 10 points, name this member of Les Six, best known as the composer of Pacific 231.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb1afcd1c1884b6ab8ff94247609615a",
            "input": "The title character is found upon a return from Rowe's. His brother is rich - a director in the bank - but he didn't walk the thirteen miles to his brother's house because there might be some bad blood between them. He has come back to work for Warren, who utters the memorable line, \"Home is the place where, when you have to go there, / They have to take you in. \"  We know that his name is Silas, he has come back to ditch the meadow, and that Mary found him \"huddled against the barn-door. \"  Alas, when Warren goes to talk to him, we learn that he is dead. FTP, name this title character of a poem by Robert Frost.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f8cf92bc5894c7d91bcb3027f99ec61",
            "input": "With its early history shrouded in mythology, its first distinguishable cultures were the Valdivia and Manchalilla Cultures around 3500 BCE. Volcanoes in this nation include Pichincha, Illiniza, Cotopaxi, and Chimborazo. It gained its independence from the Spanish Vice-Royalty of Peru (*) in 1822 and its capital city was made a UNESCO cultural heritage site in 1978. For ten points, name this country to which the Galapagos Islands belong and which has its capital at Quito.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-656bda91fd554d1bb84731f461430b56",
            "input": "The Kairos Document was a theological response to this policy, and CODESA I and II attempted to negotiate an end to it. The National Party implemented this policy after coming to power under Daniel Malan, and many of its opponents were convicted in the Rivonia Trial. Harold Macmillan denounced this policy in his \"Wind of Change\" speech, and the Spear of the Nation was one of the most militant opponents of it. Many of the opponents of this policy were imprisoned on Robben Island, and after it was ended, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was set up. Ended by Frederick Willem de Klerk and opposed by Nelson Mandela, for 10 points, name this policy of racial segregation in South Africa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26505373248241eaaf439053079188c5",
            "input": "At one point in this work, False Seeming leads an army out to defeat the forces of Evil Tongue. In this work's central location, its protagonist encounters birds that chirp in polyphonic harmony. Poverty and Old Age are stuck outside this work's central location, which sees Idleness greet the protagonist upon the latter's entrance. This work depicts Cupid as a cruel figure whose arrows inflict insomnia, emaciation, and anxiety, while its protagonist must learn horsemanship and the bassoon to be successful in a venture which also involves gazing into the Fountain of Narcissus. Its misogyny was attacked in Letter to the God of Love by Christine de Pizan. For 10 points, name this medieval French poem by Guillame de Lorris and Jean de Meun, in which the Dreamer seeks a garden of idealized love.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10091ed050b94eb29bf8bb787dbec81f",
            "input": "In a novel by Pia Pera the title character of this work is given a notebook so that she can communicate with her dead father Gerald. Two characters are referenced respectively as \"Schlegel\" and \"Hegel\" in comparison to a woman in whose \"natty little coupe\" the protagonist travels for two years. A problem is solved for the protagonist when one character gets hit by Frederick Beale's car, after which he travels with the title character to the Enchanted Hunters. After finding out the title character had sex with the son of the director of Camp Q, the protagonist begins an affair with her. Eventually he finds her married to Richard Schiller, having earlier been abducted by Clare Quilty. Told in the form of a confession edited by John Ray, Jr., this is, FTP, what novel about Humbert Humbert's obsession with Dolores Haze by Vladimir Nabokov",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56cc1e85836745ac891f0a8562382620",
            "input": "This poet writes that he cultivates neither nettles nor thorns for the cruel person who tears out the heart with which I live in a poem about a white rose, and in a poem about death he asks not to be put in the dark to die like a traitor. A recently published collection of his poems is entitled Come, Come My Boiling Blood, and he is also known for Adultery and Rosas Little Shoes, a book illustrated by Lulu Delacre. The author of the childrens book The Golden Age, Joseito Fernandez made famous the popular song Guantanamera based on a poem by this author of the 1891 essay Our America. The author of Ismaelillo, FTP, name this dominant figure in Cubas struggle for independence, best known for his Versos Libres.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-68c6157f7a7f40078d1671d636e098d9",
            "input": "His scant output for piano includes two nocturnes entitled Separation and Regret, both of which owe a debt to his early teacher, the Irish composer John Field. A trip to Spain inspired him to write two overtures, the Capriccio brillante on the Jota aragonesa and Summer Night in Madrid. Two folk songs from his native land inspired another late work, Kamarinskaya. In another of his works, Vanya and Antonida mourn the death of Ivan Susanin, just as a group of people are celebrating the triumph of the new ruler. FTP, name this composer whose works include Ruslan and Ludmila and A Life for the Tsar.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76a4bd8dd80a44fe915924ba8dab6b72",
            "input": "This person's desire to eliminate certain influences led to the so-called Rectification Campaign, which was led by his supporter, Kang. Ascending to power at Zunyi, this leader briefly united with a notable foe after the latter was captured in the Sian incident. He first promulgated, then repudiated the Hundred Flowers Movement and Cultural Revolution after he led the People's Liberation Army on the Long March. His thoughts are collected in the so-called Little Red Book. FTP, name this leader of the Communist revolution and, from 1949 to 1959, the head of China.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c144c124816645d48b21aa7a7bacd14f",
            "input": "In one book, he suggests that architects should employ their childlike reactions when designing buildings and targets the architect of the Fisher Building. This man protested the classical architectural style of the Columbian Exposition by designing a building with a massive foil-covered \"Golden Door.\" In addition to the Transportation Building, he designed a red-brick building with two arches that is inlaid with terracotta in Owatonna. That building, the National Farmer's (*) Bank, is one of his namesake \"Jewel Boxes.\" A frieze with bulls-eye windows is found below the cornice of his most famous building, a ten-story collaboration with Dankmar Adler. That building, found in St. Louis, is considered one of the first skyscrapers. For 10 points, name this architect of the Wainwright Building who said, \"form follows function.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9bbf669988744e1c896380db2ca33d16",
            "input": "An early opera by this composer was based on a libretto originally written for Andre Campra and includes the arias Non ho colpa and the title characters Vedrommi intorno. Another work originally began and ended with a march and included multiple minuets when it was first performed, though he later cut the marches and pared it down to one minuet. His librettist Emanuel Schikaneder also played Papageno in a work more famous for the Der Hlle Rache aria by the Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this composer of the aforementioned Idomeneo, Haffner Symphony, and Magic Flute.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f5409224e604742829b287ca397562f",
            "input": "Calcium carbonate, iron-three acetate, and this compound are used to decarboxylate the intermediate in the second step of the Ruff degradation. The industrial synthesis of this compound is accomplished via repeated oxidation and hydrogenation of alkyl anthroquinones in the AO process. Biosensors for this compound typically utilize nanoparticles coupled to an enzyme isolated from horseradish called HRP. An iron catalyst and this compound compose a reagent used to oxidize contaminants in waste water, named for (*) Fenton. This compound is commonly used in the oxidation step following hydroboration, and as an oxidizing agent, it is stronger than ozone and permanganate. In its decomposition, two molecules of this compound yield two molecules of water and one oxygen, a reaction catalyzed by catalase in the liver. FTP, name this chemical compound with formula H2O2.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ef1bd1301144175864f8c433a1d3263",
            "input": "The highest peak in this region is Mount Snowdon, and the westernmost point on its mainland lies on the St.  David's Peninsula. Cities here include Wrexham, Neath, and Swansea, and a small portion of its eastern border is formed by the Wye River. Bodies of water bordering this region include Cardigan Bay to the west, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Irish Sea to the north. The Cambrian mountain range dominates, for 10 points, what member country of the United Kingdom with capital at Cardiff",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c31c67cde5e1498a91950eda660b5d57",
            "input": "He updated Schopenhauer's The World as Will and Representation by arguing that the artist must create new forms of cognition to subvert the tyranny of the object world in his The World as Non-Objectivity, which followed up his earlier book God Is Not Cast Down. His early paintings, such as Peasant Woman With Buckets, were produced while he was associated with such groups as \"Jack of Diamonds\" and \"Donkey's Tail,\" but after appearing in the Tramway V exhibition of 1915 he lost interest in non-geometrical representations. During the 1920s he worked on \"arkhitektona\" and models of Utopian cities, which were exhibited at Chagall's school in Vitebsk. His own movement reached its culmination in the White on White series of paintings. FTP, name this Russian artist of Black Square who founded Suprematism.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af23036a6b2d46d4af53424113e053a7",
            "input": "This man introduced equations characterizing the stability of governors in an early paper on control theory. He showed that only particulate composition can confer stability to Saturn's rings, and he also names a gap in the outer C-ring of Saturn. Experimentally verifiable thermodynamic quantities are used to relate hard-to-measure thermodynamic functions according to a set of relations named for this man. He introduced the displacement current term in another equation, which, along with the Faraday's law and the two Gauss laws were discussed in this man's paper \"On the Physical Lines of Force.\" For 10 points, identify this thinker who grouped a set of four equations from electrodynamics.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-df5f3348049c4676ac144b23de8d4494",
            "input": "This artist's decorations for the Chapelle des Anges of S. Sulpice included his \"Heliodorus Expelled from the Temple\". Rumored to be the son of Talleyrand, he debuted at the Paris Salon of 1822 with Dante and Virgil in Hell, while a trip to northern Africa provided inspiration for exotic subjects like The Women of Algiers. Creator of \"The Massacre at Chios\" and \"The Death of Sardanopolus\", FTP, who was this French Romantic painter of \"Liberty Leading the People\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b95852e1a4a4cc9aba6a9f0c3766b29",
            "input": "One of his economic reforms was known popularly as the \"shaking off of burdens. \" He prohibited the export of any produce other than olive oil and rose to fame by reciting a poem after a war with Megara. His constitution broke the power of the eupatridae and divided the citizenry into four income groups, all of whom could attend the Ecclesia. His warnings regarding the rise of Peisistratus were ignored, but he did display certain changes on wooden tablets before leaving for ten years. For 10 points, name this Athenian statesman who moderated Draco's code.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-17f7bf7fc52c4290a18de0d33bb4ec7d",
            "input": "The Schlosser modification of this reaction uses excess lithium salts, which stabilize the intermediate betaine created in the first step. The betaine forms an oxygen-containing four-membered ring, which subsequently breaks up into the products. A similarly named modification of this reaction stabilizes one of the reactants, forming the E form of the desired product almost exclusively. Named after the winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, FTP, name this reaction, which forms an alkene from the reaction of a carbonyl group with a compound known as phosphorane or an ylide.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d2f7349af4c4dcd88098c43c3c77802",
            "input": "A speech of this ruler is recorded on the Lyon tablet, and Hadrian extended this rulers effort to drain the Fucine Lake. This ruler decreed that sick slaves left at the Temple of Aesculapius would be freed, and he upheld the rights of Egyptian Jews with his Letter to the Alexandrians. This ruler temporarily restored the autonomy of Judea, but reclaimed it as a province after the death of Herod Agrippa I. He used elephants to conquer Camulodunum, and this ruler pardoned the captured general Caratacus after sending Aulus Plautius to conquer Britain. The freedman Narcissus wielded power under this man and helped to expose the plot of his wife Messalina. He was poisoned by his fourth wife, Agrippina. For 10 points, name successor to Caligula, the dice-playing fourth Roman emperor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c566b41ac794f599d51c2fb81a00bdc",
            "input": "The son of a leader of this country sued the makers of the film The President's Last Bang, which depicts that leader as a libertine. This country used criminals as \"Unit 684,\" which was a black ops team trained to assassinate an enemy leader. In October 1979, a president of this country was killed by his security chief while inside the Blue House compound; that man's daughter leads the Saenuri Party. One president's peaceful foreign policy was known as the \"Sunshine Policy.\" First led by (*) Syngman Rhee, this country's Third Republic was started by Park Chung-hee. Former president Kim Dae-Jung won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to reconcile with this country's northern neighbor. For 10 points, name this Asian country separated by the DMZ from its Communist northern neighbor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a132c1e8fe254b7c9afbfd7089053ac8",
            "input": "One character in this play is woken up to see the \"Revolution,\" but that character just starts singing the Carmagnole; at the end of the play, that character again sings the Carmagnole after a different man calls the police on himself, which causes Moran and Lieb to arrest him. Another character in this play commits suicide by jumping off a fire escape after being told to do so repeatedly, and some girls decide that if they are whores then (*) Rocky must be a pimp, which causes Rocky to slap Pearl and Margie, two of his \"tarts.\" In this play, the mother of Don Parritt was once a lover of Larry Slade who keeps himself detached from the drunken antics of the other characters. For 10 points, name this play in which Hickey attacks the pipe dreams of the other people in Harry Hope's saloon, which was created by Eugene O'Neill.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1a5282f3c8c4fdc8c18d09b090d4164",
            "input": "The slow movement of this composer's cello concerto features a duet between the soloist and the principal cellist of the orchestra. One of his solo piano works originally contained an extra five Variations which were restored by Brahms, and that work is based on a theme by Baron von Fricken. Much of this composer's music criticism is structured as a conversation between a character representing his passionate side and one representing his dreamy side. This composer, who created (*) Florestan and Eusebius, also wrote the Symphonic Etudes as well as another piano collection with movements called \"The Rocking Horse Knight\" and \"Traumerei.\" For 10 points, name this German composer of Carnaval and Kinderszenen, many of whose works were premiered by his wife Clara.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e801f90c423f4b9bbd0e0c139fc9c275",
            "input": "This works plot is based on events related in its authors travel memoir The Lawless Roads. Minor characters in this work include an English dentist, Mr. Tench, who witnesses an execution, and a young man whose virtuous life and death are told to the boy. The protagonist encounters the atheist girl Coral Fellows while hiding in a barn, and he is given sanctuary by the Lehrs in the neighboring state. He finds his illegitimate child Brigida and her mother Maria before meeting the Mestizo, who tracks him throughout the novel until he is caught by the Lieutenant and executed for his religious practices. FTP name this novel about an unnamed Mexican priest by Graham Greene.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50392776b8824d8da612fb37d58e34b8",
            "input": "In one scene in this novel, a character claims to enjoy his new life too much to think about his former home. In this novel, the Fledgling Phoenix is killed in an ambush at the Valley of the Fallen Phoenix after switching horses with his master. Another character in this novel tosses his infant son on the ground after one of his generals had risked his life to save the baby. One character in this novel prays to the Big Dipper to relieve his illness but dies anyway at the (*) Wuzhang Plains, although he has a wooden statue of himself made to make his rival think he is still alive. Previously, that character supposedly summons the southeast wind and \"borrows\" arrows with straw boats to win the Battle of Red Cliffs. This novel begins with a rebellion led by Zhang Jue and ends with Sima Yan establishing the Jin Dynasty. For 10 points, name this Ming Dynasty novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffa1dacc86dd46d3bd757ac81ba4b334",
            "input": "One of these succeeded Turanshah after their successful military action forced the French to leave and netted them a substantial ransom. Aybak, however, was soon killed and succeeded by another of his kind, who defied Hulagu Khan and defeated the Mongol army at Ain Jalut. Another razed Antioch and fought Edward I of England. The average lifespan of such rulers was about seven years, and in India, they formed the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. From 1747 to 1831, they ruled Iraq, though in the country they would be mainly associated with, all were killed or dispersed in 1811 by Muhammed Ali. Some of them served as foreigners in Napoleons Guard, still carrying their scimitars and riding their horses. That service harked back to their very beginning, when they were prized for having no link to any established power structure. FTP, name these Islamic slave soldiers who originally came from the Caucasus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c231aa724d36426f86fca9d32925b0c5",
            "input": "Multi-story pilasters and arch-headed windows characterize a marble palace that holds the Pesaro family collection in this city. Napoleon ordered the creation of a large garden in this city that now hosts a biennial architectural convention. Savageness, rigidity, and redundancy are among the qualities listed in \"The Nature of Gothic,\" an architectural essay from a book about this city. Rows of balconies whose arches have quatrefoil windows are visible on the outside of a gold-leaf adorned building in this city. John (*) Ruskin described this city's architecture in a book about its namesake \"stones.\" The Ca' d'Oro is a landmark in this city, whose most prominent cathedral features a large winged lion. For 10 points, name this Italian city that is home to the Doge's Palace, St. Mark's Basilica, and the Grand Canal.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-553b406274714034b8da94669502a69d",
            "input": "One scientist applied Kuhn's excluded volume to these compounds and developed the idea of the \"theta solvent,\" for which it is minimized. A coordinate convention used for this type of compound is named for that man, Paul Flory. \"Living\" reactions to make these are often controlled by redox equilibria. Bridged metallocenes called Kaminsky catalysts make them with one type of tacticity, while traditional Ziegler-Natta catalysts give the other form. Initiation, elongation, and termination steps are essential to the radical mechanism for forming these. For 10 points, name these compounds exemplified by plastics, formed by repeated addition of units called monomers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-decf0d9aada34e0daee1457231d7aa3b",
            "input": "Johann Jakob Froberger's second attempt to visit this city resulted in getting robbed by pirates, which was commemorated musically in Froberger's Complaint to [this city] for this melancholy. One loose group of musicians that gathered in this city helped John Broadwood design a modern instrument, and included such members as Jan Dusseck and Johann Bapist Cramer. In addition to this city's informal \"pianoforte school\" which helped to usher in the modern piano, a symphony named for this city contains a spoken epilogue based on the novel Tono-Bungay, and was dedicated to George Butterworth. In addition to naming Vaughan Williams's second symphony, this city is home to an institution that was the subject of a musical piece including \"Jig\" and \"Dargason\" movements, which was written by Gustav Holst. For 10 points, name this home city of the BBC Proms, which also titles a group of symphonies that include the Surprise and Clock, by Joseph Haydn.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f811cf37f7da4ac6bda7897413f93e92",
            "input": "One participant in this country's June 1953 rebellion was fictionalized as Harry Melchior in the 2001 film The Tunnel. The movie Night Crossing depicted how two families fled this country via a hot air balloon, and Peter Fechter was left to die in a \"death strip\" after being shot while trying to escape it. Egon Krenz was the last leader of this country, whose citizens were policed by the (*) Stasi. Due to a massive brain drain, Walter Ulbricht began the construction of a structure in this country that would later be torn down in 1989 with pickaxes and sledgehammers. For ten points, name this Soviet-dominated nation that built the Berlin Wall and joined with West Germany in 1990.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1068b49eaae9435dad237623a1c40ee2",
            "input": "One of the bloodiest battles in this nation's history occurred at Hauganes, and ended with the execution of Brandur. The greatest and in fact only naval battle in this nation's history took place two years earlier, and was known as \"the Bay Battle. \" The civil war in which those battles were fought also included a battle in which Gissur the White and Kolbeinn the Young proved victorious in 1238. That period of conflict is known as the Age of the Sturlungs, which came to a conclusion with the signing of a so-called \"Old Covenant\" that put an end to this country's commonwealth, which had been founded in 930. FTP, name this island nation whose current republic was established in 1944 after it achieved independence from Denmark, which is governed by the Althing.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9babfc91832542febc5588601429c503",
            "input": "A leader of this country, according to Frederick Kempe's Divorcing the Dictator, was a fan of yellow patent-leather shoes. A book entitled Our Man in this Country was written by John Dinges. A leader of this country organized the ousting of Nicolas Barletta, who was replaced by Eric Delvalle. Harmodio Arosemena was ousted by a coup led by Arnulfo Arias in this country. Operation Nifty Package sunk the boat of a leader of this country, who subsequently hid in its Vatican diplomatic mission. Guillermo Endara was left in control of this country after an invasion that involved the incessant playing of rock music. Operation Just Cause ousted Manuel Noriega from power in this country, which had been led by a man who died in a plane crash, Omar Torrijos. For 10 points, Jimmy Carter signed a treaty returning a large canal to what Latin American country",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-14a2a7269d304f99b4280c3cca45e5e9",
            "input": "These peoples believed in a goddess of immortality named Evan. Their underworld was guarded by a scissors-wielding female demon with a torch and a hammer-wielding male demon with pointy ears and snakes for arms. Apart from Culsu and Charun, they also believed in a winged female demon who guided the dead to the underworld named Vanth, while Aita was their Lord of the Underworld. Turms was the messenger of the Gods among these people. These peoples worshiped Fufluns, the god of plant matter and wine. Selvans was the god of boundaries, while Tinia and Uni were the king and queen of the gods. These peoples worshipped Nethuns, a god of the sea they borrowed from the neighboring Umbrians. Historic kings of these people include Lars Porsena and their cities include Veii. For ten points, name these non-Indo-European peoples who lived north of the Romans.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c4dc5a3ecca4ee2a67cf7325aee2596",
            "input": "Hunter-Saxton partial differential equation can be used to describe some of the properties of these materials, and a key property of them may be described by a weighted average of the second Legendre polynomial over their distribution, which is called the Zwetkoff parameter. These materials may be modeled with the Meyer-Lubensky model or the McMillan model, which contains two order parameters. The Frank free energy gives their energy in terms of their splay, twist, and bend, and they may be described by a mean-field theory named after Maier and Saupe, or by a hard-rod model developed by Onsager. Some of them exhibit a chiral phase called cholesteric, while ones with molecules oriented into layers are known as smectic, and those that have molecules with well-ordered orientations are called the nematic type. For 10 points, name these materials commonly used in displays.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e63033a61ec440a5a14cee23ac963360",
            "input": "He argued for the \"need for a sociology and psychology of social science and scientists\" in an essay collected in his late volume Against the Grain. His early theoretical work includes lectures, collected under the title Monetary Equilibrium, that distinguished between ex ante and ex post investment. Later he rejected  the neoclassical school in favor of institutional studies, illustrating his pessimistic Malthusian view of developmental economics with an \"inquiry into the poverty of nations\" entitled Asian Drama. He denounced the Agricultural Adjustment Act's impact on the cotton industry, expounding his theory of \"cumulative causation\" in a work subtitled The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. FTP name this Stockholm School economist, author of An American Dilemma and co-winner of the Nobel Prize with Friedrich von Hayek.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-573b091db49240f0afc7ce8129347096",
            "input": "This author's works include one in which a rehearsal of Coriolanus is interrupted by people seeking the help of the protagonist, \"the Chief\", and one in which the literary Group 47 is transported to the end of the Thirty Years' War. In addition to The Plebeians Rehearse the Uprising and The Meeting at Telgte, he also wrote a novel with a protagonist born right as the ship his mother was on sinks, Paul Pokriefke, and one in which the protagonist chooses to remain a child forever and allows himself to be convicted of a murder he did not commit. For 10 points, name this 1999 Nobel laureate, the German author of Crabwalk and The Tin Drum.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7902dc1a62f04184bef3b5a7641b9d14",
            "input": "In the final stanza of this poem, the speaker asks the addressee to roll all of their strength and sweetness \"\"up into one ball. \"\" Earlier, he describes finding rubies along the Ganges River and notes that before him lay \"\"deserts of vast eternity. \"\" The speaker of this poem would spend hundreds of years admiring the addressee's body and wait for her \"\"till the conversion of the Jews,\"\" but unfortunately he hears \"\"time's winged chariot hurrying near. \"\" Beginning with the line \"\"Had we but world enough, and time,\"\" this is, for 10 points, what poem by Andrew Marvell",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7aaceb1a53a48b9b24e1df7fca065ce",
            "input": "One character in this play is disguised as a French musician and uses that to kill two characters with a bouquet of poisoned flowers. Another character is tricked into knocking down and already-strangled man, which causes him to be falsely blamed for his death.. Don Lodowick and Don Mathias are tricked into marrying the title characters daughter, and the prostitute Bellamira convinces Ithamore to extort money from another character. The title character of this play allows the Turks into the city, but turns around and sells it back to the conquered people The title character of this play is the father of Abigail and fakes his death by drinking poppy and cold mandrake juice, but later falls through a floor into a cauldron of boiling oil. For ten points, identify this play about Barabas, a work by Christopher Marlowe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-16a1b34bdf11462db1eb716acc64410e",
            "input": "One member of this city kidnapped Chrysippus while teaching him chariot driving, and this city's walls were built by playing music to enchant stones. This city's king Pentheus was ripped to shreds by his mother Agave in a Bacchic frenzy. Its founder was told to stop where a cow laid down; that founder was (*) Cadmus. A notable Seven made war against this city, and one king of this city killed his father Laius at a crossroads. That king's wife stabbed out her own eyes after discovering she had married her son. That king answered \"man\" to a riddle to defeat the Sphinx which had terrified this city. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek city which Oedipus ruled.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d069fb85f544c338fa3b45e25798df3",
            "input": "These figures were the handmaidens to the young Persephone before she was abducted by Hades. These\\n beings almost caused the death of Butes before he was saved by Aphrodite. They are sometimes considered\\n the daughters of Achelous, and their names are given as Peisinoe, Aglaope, and Thelxiepeia. Orpheus' lyre\\n saved the Argonauts from them. In the Odyssey, they are encountered shortly before Scylla and Charybdis,\\n and they inspire Odysseus to tie himself to the mast. For 10 points, name these half-bird women whose\\n beautiful singing would lure sailors to their deaths.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f5bd039b5b64449873eea2dd9fd36a4",
            "input": "A minor character in this play can be summoned by a bell that does not always work, and does not have eyelids. Near the end, a woman who drowned her illegitimate child attempts to stab another woman in the Second Empire-style room in which the entire play takes place. For 10 points, Estelle and Ines are characters in which existentialist play in which Joseph Garcin claims \"Hell is other people,\" by Jean-Paul Sartre",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad3ec091a07346119eeaf7f9ab7f58d9",
            "input": "Wallace Stevens described this figure singing and chanting the things that are part of him in the poem Like Decorations in a Nigger Cemetery. In the poem A Pact, Ezra Pound writes that this figure broke the new wood [and]/Now is a time for carving. In a 1930 ode to him, another poet describes this earlier writer moaning like a bird/with its sex pierced by a needle and a group of young men chasing his beard full of butterflies\"; that is a Garcia-Lorca homage citing this writers putative homosexuality. This poet described a carpenter measuring out a plank in I Hear America Singing. For 10 points, name this nineteenth-century poet whose barbaric yawp was sounded in works like Crossing Brooklyn Ferry and Song of Myself.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fbd07b7e91e94e3ba4e750e839096d1e",
            "input": "The first section of this work features staccato triads and off-center accents in C minor and is called \"What comes therefrom on high. \" The second section features three trumpets in C major and the third section consists of legato violins in E major. These sections are called \"What built a stately house,\" and \"Der Landesvater. \" This work requires a piccolo, contrabassoon, tuba, bass drum, triangle, and cymbals making it one of the largest orchestras required for any of the composer's works. All four main themes were student drinking songs, which is appropriate for the setting it was originally performed. For 10 points, name this overture that Johannes Brahms composed as a musical thank-you for receiving an honorary doctorate from the University of Breslau.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-847e847e2a3048b793823ee544395dbb",
            "input": "This man was elected to Congress with the slogan \"\"Congress needs a tail-gunner. \"\" He gained notice after a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia. He was criticized for his attack on the clerk Annie Lee Moss on the program See It Now by Edward R. Murrow. Along with attorney Roy Cohn, he was discredited during the 1954 Army hearings, in which Joseph Welch asked him \"\"Have you no sense of decency, sir\"\" For 10 points, name this Wisconsin Senator who led witch-hunts against supposed Communists in the 1950s.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8a5194256c94ebdab8fceebd097d3c6",
            "input": "After the populace shouts \"Ritorna vincitor! \", one character in this opera sings the aria \"Numi pieta,\" demonstrating her conflicting emotions. After being captured, Amonasro tells the protagonist about the ghost of her mother, causing her to eventually sing, \"O patria! Quanto mi costi! \" Its final act features a double scene, where one character is imprisoned in the Temple of Vulcan after revealing that he planned to attack using using the pass of Napata. The title character wins the love of Radames over her mistress Amneris, but is buried alive in a vault. For 10 points, name this opera about an Ethiopian princess by Giuseppe Verdi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ec632b762f9479c9bc595b3fb784d94",
            "input": "In this book's final chapter, Tom's father cuts the grass in the big meadow while two of the main characters have a conversation in Evie's rookery. In the previous chapter, one of the characters plans to go to Munich after an inquest which brings in a verdict of manslaughter rather than heart disease, leading to a three-year prison sentence for Charles. A pivotal scene takes place at Oniton, where Margaret forgives her fiance for having committed adultery. Margaret's sister Helen goes to Europe with Leonard's child, while Leonard is thrashed by Charles Wilcox. FTP, identify this 1910 novel featuring Leonard Bast and the Schlegel sisters, a book by E. M. Forster whose title refers to an estate.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-174755b8dd344ea4b9d7248a16a3920b",
            "input": "One battle in this war was fought between forces commanded by Stephen Van Rensselaer and Isaac Brock and was called the Battle of Queenston Heights. The bloodiest battle of this war saw participation by Jacob Brown and Gordon Drummond, as well as Winfield Scott, and was Lundy's Lane. Another engagement in this war saw the razing of Washington, D.C., including the burning of the White House. This war was ended by the Treaty of Ghent. For 10 points, name this war that ended in 1815 and began in its namesake year.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79107a46a91b490f93d583b11f4e2250",
            "input": "Gerrid Rietveld and J. J. P. Oud were the best known architects of this movement. One of the founders said, \"The square is to us as the cross was to the early Christians. \"  In 1917 a namesake journal was published to explain the group's art, which was centered in Amsterdam. Although Theo Van Doesburg began using green and diagonal lines in 1925, the original focus was on horizontal and vertical lines and primary colors. FTP, name the movement that included Piet Mondrian.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9bc191d8ef04f308b746c6006326923",
            "input": "The protagonist of this opera exuberantly downs champagne while dressing for a wedding feast he has planned for his peasants, and he later barely escapes the drawn sword of Ottavio, who is responding to a girl's cries for help. The title character thwarts a posse bent on lynching him using a disguise that allows him to issue bogus directions and assault Masetto, who is nursed by Zerlina. After he contemptuously waves Elvira out of his chamber, he and Leporello witness the arrival of a statue of the murdered Commendatore, who drags the title figure to hell. FTP, what is this opera by Mozart about the legend of Don Juan",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c2cd94da29944acaa6702b5c6ba2880",
            "input": "It occurs with a rate of about 50 arcseconds per year and has a period of about 26,000 years. To account for the effect astronomical coordinates are given in terms of the epoch. It is caused by the torque of the Sun and Moon on the Earth's rotational bulge, which is tilted with respect to the orbital plane. As a result, Vega will be the Pole Star in another 13,000 years. FTP name this effect discovered by Hipparchus of Rhodes",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-abdc861011b64954aa1dc1a06472292c",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel turns out to be the daughter of Captain Hawdon, and marries Allan Woodcourt after being released from another engagement. The lawyer Tulkinghorn is murdered by Mademoiselle Hortense before he can release that the narrator's mother is Lady Dedlock, while Ada Clare's husband, Richard Carstone, dies of frustration related to the interminable lawsuit of Jarndyce v. Jarndyce. FTP, identify this book centering on Esther Summerson, a work of Charles Dickens.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1be322a37e45459389640829ac3cc144",
            "input": "Recent research on transposon TC1 that is native to this organism has shown it has the capability to jump in human cells, lending support to the horizontal spread hypothesis. The 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Martin Chalfie for his use of green fluorescent protein in this organism. This organism exists only in hermaphrodite and male forms, which gives rise to identical genetic offspring, making this organism ideal for research applications. Silencing of specific gene function by RNA interference in this organism was accomplished by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello. For ten points, identify this organism that was the first multicellular organism to have its genome completely sequenced.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5ad9cb11ea4b420eb30432604d0c76a8",
            "input": "Her first published novel describes Mary Turners miserable married life and her relationship with her black servant Moses, while in another novel, which includes narrative sections entitled Free Women, Anna Wulf struggles with writers block, and eventually gives the title object to her lover. The fourth book in this authors science-fiction series Canopus in Argos Archives was adapted by Philip Glass into an opera, and she wrote a sequence following the life of Martha Quest, the Children of Violence quintet. For 10 points, name this author of The Grass is Singing and The Golden Notebook.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-332e552746ad4999b8560e5104aa2e78",
            "input": "One character in it is surprised to see that from the moon, the earth \"resembles but a little hoop in size\"; he has traveled there to recover a colleague's lost sanity. Handel and Vivaldi wrote operas based on this work, which ends with Rogero \"raising as high as he could raise in air his dagger\" and using it to smite King Rodomonte. The poem was preceded by another author's poem that had the title character \"innamorato,\" and in this work, that title character goes mad with love for Angelica, princess of Cathay, when she absconds with a Saracen knight. For 10 points, what is this epic poem about a noble paladin by Ludovico Ariosto",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a866fcbf1dee4c699b604941360e1750",
            "input": "This artist's later work included a series of seven allegorical female figures, including Temperance Triumphing Over Vice and Charity, all of which were drawn in brown ink on gray paper. This artist's Lamentation depicts a foreshortened, seated Christ being held by a man in red. In another work by this man, a putti tries to steady a large gray horse as a fully clothed Mars tries to resist a nude Venus' advances. Even though he worked with Palladio on a commission by the Barbaro family to fresco the Villa Maser, his greatest commissions were executed in Venice and include Age and Youth, for the ducal palace, and a pair of large banquet scenes. One of those scenes depicts Christ in Galilee at a wedding, while the other was produced for the monastery of Santi Giovanni, but resulted in a charge of heresy. For 10 points, identify this painter of Marriage at Cana and Feast in the House of Levi. \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a96c1a886e074a27a1874eea6405ad11",
            "input": "The Cadiot- Chodkiewicz coupling links two of these in the presence of copper (I) chloride catalyst and a base, while in a namesake homologation. The Cory-Fuchs reaction generates these from aldehydes, while reacting them with mercury salt in water yields enols. They can be synthesized by the dehydrohalogenation of vicinal dihalides, and hydrogenating one of these in the presence of palladium on calcium carbonate \"poisoned\" with quinilone, also known as Lindlar's catalyst. For 10 points, identify this class of compounds, the simplest example of which is acetylene, characterized by a carbon-carbon triple bond.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1beca19e4da4d30894df0b061038a90",
            "input": "One source on this event is a biography written by Edward Cook of F.E. Garrett, who was shown a proclamation on it by Hercules Robinson. Others involved included the strategist Abe Bailey and a commander Raleigh Grey. In its wake, the interim judge Reinhold Gregorowski, recently called in, sentenced the leaders of the Reform Committee to death. The correspondence of American John Hays Hammond includes a piece offering the truth about this event. A wooden cross was erected to commemorate the surrender at Doornkop, though a more famous memorial would be a telegram from Kaiser Wilhelm II. An effort by a cohort of Cecil Rhodes to capture the gold-rich Transvaal, FTP, name this abortive 1895 South African raid.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2478cf1ee6e34fc4b60a3778552a6b1c",
            "input": "Any system like this one must neglect one of three objectives or lose strong normalization according to Girard's paradox. A polymorphic variety of this system is referred to as System F. Related systems include one developed by Coquand and Huet and the intuitionist theory of Per Martin-Lof. Permitting actions such as alpha, beta, and eta conversion, research on this system inspired the development of domain theory. Inductive types may be added to it via Mogensen-Scott encoding, and defining under this system the function k to take x and give not x x, then applying that function to k, is the Kleene-Rosser paradox. System F corresponds to second-order propositional logic, and natural deduction may be interpreted as a \"typed\" version of this system, by the Curry-Howard correspondence. For 10 points, name this formal system, which can compute the same set of functions as a certain kind of machine according to the Church-Turing thesis.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-651872d630734ff783b88fc84beaae3d",
            "input": "Differentiating this quantity with respect to the auxiliary function can be used to find the Feynman amplitude, while performing a Wick rotation on a Feynman path integral creates a function analogous to this one. Partially differentiating it twice with respect to alpha is equal to the variance in the number of particles when beta and volume are constant. Multiplying its partial derivative with respect to volume at constant chemical potential and beta is equal to the pressure, while it serves as the normalizing constant for the Gibbs measure. This function is equal to the sum over all microstates of e raised to the negative beta times the energy of that microstate, and it is usually defined for a canonical ensemble. For 10 points, name this function, which can be used to express all the properties of a thermodynamical system.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d539e2b058644775a87f0d5c338a33ae",
            "input": "A librarian is saved from death via self-caused pneumonia in France, but the arrival of the Baroness leads to their relationship in this authors The Confession of a Fool, while Fredericks mother jumps out the window of the burning house while Frederick and his wife embrace each other at the end of another of his works. This author also wrote about Indras visit to Earth in another work, while Hummel attempts to set up his daughter with the student Arkenholz in another work. This author of The Pelican, A Dream Play, and The Ghost Sonata may be better known for a work about Lauras struggle over how to raise Bertha, as well as one about Jeans relationship with the counts daughter. The author of The Father and Miss Julie, this is, for 10 points, which Swedish dramatist",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffe528ccd8ee4e55a76949a7e87430fa",
            "input": "Denise falls in love with the decadent department store owner Octave in his The Delight of the Ladies, while speculation and land hunger feature prominently in his works The Prey and The Earth. The evil effects of alcoholism is the subject of his The Drunkard, also translated as The Dram Shop, and in three of his novels Claude, Jacques, and Etienne all come to sticky ends due to their descent from the madwoman Adelaide Fouque and the scoundrel Macquart, who forms with the family \"Rougon\" the title of the series of which The Masterpiece, The Downfall, and Therese Raquin are part. FTP name this author of Nana and Germinal who also castigated the French armed forces for their anti-Semitism in J'Accuse.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eabea1d9d2e74554ad400bd9d5761307",
            "input": "The Equirria was a festival celebrating this deity, and this deity's sacred bird is the woodpecker. One sacrifice made to this god is called the suovetaurilia. This god's mother gave birth to him alone, with a flower from Flora, and one of his festivals is in October, which marks the end of farming. This god's shield, the Ancile, fell from the heaven upon Numa Pompilius. He fathered Remus and Romulus after seducing Rhea Silvia. For 10 points, identify this Roman deity, the guardian of agriculture and god of war.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4658fc876cf247c7898ab7df2d7d37dc",
            "input": "This architect used metal sheets to create a weathervane-like structure for his Open Hand Monument. He used the height of a man with his arm raised as the basis for a system of proportions called Modulor. This man invented a cube-shaped armchair called the \"Grand Confort\", developed a Y-shaped \"hen's foot\" floor plan for his proposed \"Cartesian skyscraper\", and used some of the principles of his (*) \"Radiant City\" in his design for Chandigarh. Horizontal windows, roof gardens, and the replacement of support walls with stilts called pilotis were among the \"five points\" described in a manifesto by this architect, who put them into practice with his Villa Savoye. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect who wrote Towards a New Architecture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6fd7cf5ed774e6088c8223ba3aa9d94",
            "input": "This man composed Au bord d'une source (oh BORE doon SOORCE) as part of his piano cycle, Annees de Pelerinage (ah-NAY duh peh-luh-rin-AHJ). This composer of Liebestraume (LEE-bus-TROY-muh) developed the one-movement symphonic poem, examples of which include Tasso and Les preludes. He composed 12 Transcendental Etudes and wrote the (*) Mephisto Waltz. For 10 points, name this composer of nineteen Hungarian Rhapsodies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b837176a57a1432f8f887080df12a2ca",
            "input": "Though this instrument does not seem to have great solo capabilities, it has been used notably in several orchestral works. In Mendelssohn's violin concerto it sustains a pitch from the first movement into the second, and in The Sorcerer's Apprentice, by Dukas, it contributes its distinctive wooden sound to the humorous accompaniment. For ten points, what instrument's saxophone-like sound in its upper register helped contribute to the riot at the premier of Stravinsky's ballet, The Rite of Spring, in which it plays the opening solo",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19bb101be9b749f28e16ad365cf7b212",
            "input": "Judith Weir's Scipio's Dream is a recomposition of this composer's Il sogno di Scipione. One of Fernando Sor's best known works was a set of variations based on \"Das klinget so herrlich\", another aria by this composer. The opening of this composer's Piano Sonata in A major was used as the basis for Variations and Fugue on a Theme by [him] by Max Reger. One of Chopin's earliest works was a set of variations on an aria by this composer, \"La ci darem la mano\". Four works by composer, including Liszt's piano transcription of his Ave verum corpus,  were orchestrated by Tchaikovsky in his fourth orchestral suite. For 10 points, identify this composer whose Don Giovanni and Die Zauberflote have inspired many composers.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3e66361bfd0496585d405d85a6645e1",
            "input": "One ruler of this nation as well as Hungary had his head cut off as the result of an ill-conceived cavalry charge against the Janissary forces of Murad II at the Battle of Varna, while another ruler of it defeated Ulrich von Jungingen with the help of Vytautus the Great, stomping the Teutonic Knights at Tannenberg. The Union of Lublin was signed at the instigation of another of its rulers, Sigismund II, as formal recognition of its union with Lithuania. Kara Mustafa's attempts to take Vienna were thwarted by another ruler of this nation, Jan III Sobieski. For 10 points, name this nation which was ruled by the Jagiellon dynasty and got partitioned a lot.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-971eab5783e6455e8a6e9ba5a1c343e1",
            "input": "One of his poems repeats Brave Lodging for one, Brave Lodging for one about the title characters grave, Gabriel Grubs Song. One of his stories is partially based on the Clayton Rail accident and describes bells foretelling death that only the title character can hear, in The Signal-Man, while his travels through the Great Lakes and to Eastern State Penitentiary are recorded in American Notes for General Circulation. A wine-merchant rejects Vendales proposal to marry his niece Marguerite in Louis Lequels dramatic adaptation of a work he co-wrote with Wilkie Collins, No Thoroughfare, and Elizabeth Gaskells North and South was serialized in his magazine Household Worlds. In one of his novels, Daniel Doyce sells an invention to liberate Arthur Clennam from Marshalsea Prison, enabling Arthur to marry Amy Dorrit. For 10 points, name this author of Sketches by Boz, who wrote about a clock-stopping jilted spinster who mindfucks Estelle and Pip in Great Expectations.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-351f6b48b31f4e30b7aa4d622b1945b9",
            "input": "He penned a dramatic poem about a sick knight who can only be cured by a maiden sacrificing her life for him, \"The Golden Legend. \"  That poem is collected with a retelling of Christ's life called the Divine Tragedy, which forms his Christus trilogy, along with another duo of poems that ends with a scene of St. John wandering the face on the earth. That scene appears in his New England Tragedies after two tales of Puritans and witchcraft, John Endicott and Giles Corey. One of his poems considers \"These Hebrews in their graves\" in the title locale, and another focuses on the grandson of Nokomis. FTP, name this American poet of \"The Jewish Cemetery at Newport\" and The Song of Hiawatha.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1f0414f517d4454923a7ed9d7ae5d41",
            "input": "The character of the manservant Du Bois enhances the farcical nature of the play, who, in his attempt to speak to his master, says virtually nothing. A poet wishes to make friends, but instead alienates the title character, who tells his good friend Philinte to stop flattering Oronte. The suitors Acaste and Clitandre vie for the love of the ward of Arsinoe, who accuses the title character's love interest of flirtatiousness. The intelligent Eliante's interest turns to Philinte, who tells the title character not to isolate himself after Celimene refuses to commit to him. FTP, name this Moliere play about Alceste, a guy who really hates people.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bdf8696c20d64a6eaf584dabb56953ce",
            "input": "On this holiday, a sacrifice involving three groups of laity occurs. In Israel, this holiday is seven days long, and the second day marks the beginning of the counting of the Omer. Samaritans observe this holiday by making a pilgrimage to Mount Gerizim. All chametz must be forsaken on this holiday, on which the youngest child says \"Ma Nishtana\" as a part of the (*) \"four questions\" ritual. Observers eat bitter herbs known as maror and a young lamb on this holiday, on which unleavened matzo bread is also consumed. For 10 points, name this Jewish holiday that commemorates the Israelites' escape from Egypt after the tenth plague spared Jewish newborns.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69c943a489194b43946843344fdf74bd",
            "input": "Two of these objects sit near the town of Quauhnahuac, where a British consul lives in Mexico, in a breakout novel of Malcolm Lowry set Under them. A maar can form near one of these objects, whose distinctive types include the tuya. Pliny the Elder died while attempting to return from one of these structures. In 2009, money spent to watch these objects was criticized by Bobby Jindal's State of the Union response. Asteroid B-612 has three of these structures, which the Little Prince cleans each day. These structures can produce pahoehoe and 'a'a. For 10 points, name these geologic structures whose shield and cinder cone types can produce lava.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b179bf9ac3941b0a838ce21f99fbd9d",
            "input": "One of his early works follows Claire Boltwood on a car trip from New York to Seattle, and another sees Una Golden move to New York to become a commercial real estate agent and marry Edward Schwirtz. Besides Free Air and The Job, he wrote a novel featuring the travails of journalist Doremus Jessup against the fascist regime of president Buzz Windrip, It Can't Happen Here. His novel Dodsworth is set in the town of Zenith, the same setting as a novel in which boosters like Vergil Gunch strongly influence the titular realtor, and he also created the town of Gopher Prairie, home of Carol Kennicott. For 10 points, name this author of Babbitt and Main Street.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-17096e5e094f43708f5e4b1a5db031f7",
            "input": "The Lewis/Randall rule states that this quantity's value for each species in an ideal solution is proportional to the mole fraction of that species. Use of this quantity corrects for nonideality due to attractive and repulsive forces between particles, and sidesteps problems with using the chemical potential for real fluids. It has units of pressure, and may be defined as pressure times its namesake coefficient, usually symbolized phi. For an ideal gas, phi is equal to one, and this quantity equals the pressure. FTP, what is this quantity which represents the tendency of a substance to escape from its phase",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1a0456f10884ce49d76dd58c082b16c",
            "input": "One work by this composer is considered one of the most technically demanding of its kind and has a notable second movement with quick glissandi, but ends in its fourth with an unusual use of the rare Locrian mode. This mans other compositions include an E-minor work dedicated to Rostropovich, and a suite that contains a movement entitled The Glorious Departure of Lolli and the Cortge of the Sun. Besides his Symphony-Concerto and Scythian Suite, he also composed a piece commissioned by Paul Wittgenstein, as well as a ballet containing the movement Dance of the Knights, and a suite with a bell-filled Troika movement. He imitated Haydn in his Classical Symphony. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Love for Three Oranges and the Lieutenant Kije suite.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5cbff89e5e141ac863b377a8e829560",
            "input": "In one story, this figure is asked by his enemy to fight at Grjottungard. In that story, he fights against a foe with a triangular heart of stone who is assisted by a man made of clay. In The Poetic Edda, he shatters a magic chalice against the head of Tyr's father as part of a quest to find a kettle. This god, who once carried Aurvandil across an icy river, still has pieces of whetstone lodged in his head since the sorceress Groa failed to remove them all. In one memorable incident, this slayer of Hrungnir failed to lift a cat, wrestle an old woman, or drain a drinking horn. This figure travelled with Loki and his servant Thialfi to confront Utgard-Loki. In another story, he dressed as a woman to deceive the giant Thrym, who stole the Mjollnir. For 10 points, identify this Norse God of thunder.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0969584616440e08ef7c089c0300c6f",
            "input": "The logarithm of a quantity undergoing this process with drift is used to model stock prices in the Black-Scholes model. This process is a classic example of a Wiener Process, and the movement of an individual particle via this process can be predicted by the three-dimensional Langevin equation. This process, a stochastic explanation of which was offered in one of Einstein's annus mirabilis papers, was first observed in pollen grains in water. For 10 points, name this random motion of small particles, named for a Scottish biologist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30b2c05bed534c20bb420c69f249ac79",
            "input": "The central figure in this event was a former Senator from New Mexico who bore the unusual middle name of Bacon. It was exposed thanks to the man who would become Franklin Roosevelt's first Attorney General, Thomas Walsh, and it benefitted such figures as Edward Doheny. Involving the Elk Hills reserves, it led to the resignation of Interior secretary Albert Fall. For 10 points, name this scandal of the Harding administration which began with the leasing of naval oil reserves.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fc62dd554a204d41aee9cb5e30c11095",
            "input": "It features a billiard ball swallowing contest and a visit to the Orpheum theater that results in young Auguste peeing his pants. A subplot involves the crazy Central American woman Maria Capa and her relationship to the junk-dealer Zerkow. Those two characters live in the same building as the title character's wife, whose fingers are gnawed off as the book goes on. The trouble begins when a member of the Sieppe family wins the lottery and Marcus Schouler tries to claim the winnings and Trina for himself. It ends in Death Valley with two men chasing a mule to get money not water. Eventually the pet canary dies as does the huge dentist in, FTP what novel, subtitled A Story of San Francisco, by Frank Norris.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0554de527264f7cbd9e4876112b06a2",
            "input": "This ruler concurred with ambassador Diego Sarmiento, count of Gondomar, to marry his heir to an infanta of Spain. This ruler summoned the brief Addled Parliament, and once kidnapped by William Ruthven, earl of Gowrie, this man escaped the regency of the earl of Morton and settled on his crown by the Treaty of Berwick. This man signed the Negative Confession in favor of Puritans, but saw the Mayflower migration during his reign. The son of Lord Darnley, this ruler took up the Duke of Buckingham as a favorite and wrote The True Lawe of Free Monarchies espousing the divine right of kings.For 10 points, name this subject of the Gunpowder Plot who succeeded Elizabeth I, and authorized a new Bible translation.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51e1be7dc3c84f90914514e920e24600",
            "input": "Julian Schwinger developed a scheme in which these operators can be determined in terms of the operators of two uncoupled harmonic oscillators for a spin one half particle. The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are used when adding these quantities, and the commutators of its orbital operators are proportional to the Levi-Civita symbol, while its eigenvalues are proportional to h-bar. Noethers Theorem derives the conservation of this quantity from invariance under rotation, and Keplers Second Law is a consequence of the conservation of this. In general, it is conserved in the absence of external torques. This is, FTP what physical quantity, often symbolized L, that equals the cross product of position and momentum",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ff317586984403692a5ac079110d356",
            "input": "This functional group can react with double bonds via the (2+4) Huisgen cycloaddition reaction to form a five-membered ring similar to pyrrole. It can react with tertiary alcohols and alkenes to generate imines, and it can bond to substituted phosphines via Staudinger ligation. Esters reacted with hydrazine followed by nitrous acid can produce this group attached to a carbonyl carbon, from where it can produce water and an isocyanate in the Curtius rearrangement. It also displaces halides in alkyl halides, which can be reduced by lithium aluminum hydride to primary amines. These reactions are driven by the production of nitrogen gas, which this molecule can quickly do if heated. For that reason its sodium salt is used in airbags. FTP, name this trinitrogen anion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5afe119a409f49098ca1604839db71b4",
            "input": "This god is often shown wearing a hat with a peacock feather in it. In one text, this god likens three temperaments called gunas to fruit. This god was threatened by the poison breastmilk of the demoness Putana. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada founded a society devoted to this god, who met Radha, befriended cowherd girls, and stole butter during his childhood. This god said \"Now I am become death, destroyer of worlds\" and revealed his full glory after asking Arjuna to keep fighting in his role as a charioteer. For 10 points, name this god who speaks in the Bhagavad Gita, the eighth avatar of Vishnu, who is addressed at the start of a great mantra after the word \"Hare\" (\"HAH- rey\").",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aedc79667d2949699bbc7747de9828ae",
            "input": "On the Niagara front in the War of 1812, he captured Fort George and Queenston, won the battle of Chippewa, and was wounded at Lundy's Lane. He became the first man since George Washington to obtain the title of lieutenant general. After supervising the removal of the Cherokee from Georgia via the Trail of Tears, he became a national hero for his series of victories at Molino del Rey, Churubusco, and Chapultepec. Though he lost the 1852 Presidential election to Franklin Pierce, he retained enough energy in his last years of service to devise the \"Anaconda Plan\" for the destruction of the Confederacy. FTP, identify this general, whose insistence on military formality earned him the nickname \"Old Fuss and Feathers. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0a6fe80f76544efaba3ab9df26b3db5",
            "input": "He chronicled his experiences in the field in works like The Indian Journals and The League of the Ho-de-no-sau-nee. In his best-known works, he laid the foundation for the study of kinship and developed a theory of cultural evolution positing that cultures develop through stages of savagery, barbarism, and civilization. FTP, who was this pioneer of American anthropology, the author of Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family and Ancient Society",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22b20b7c6c3d442ca8a01d5c64406163",
            "input": "A serpent, whose eyes open and fix on us in every sky is described in the opening of this authors poem The Auroras of Autumn, while Crispin is the title character of his poem The Comedian as the Letter C. He asks Ramon Fernandez Why, when the singing ended in his The Idea of Order at Key West, while other poems describe the only moving thing among twenty snowy mountains and the roller of big cigars. For 10 points, name this American poet whose poems include Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird and The Emperor of Ice Cream.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-238a77446a9d445798668e12a66d6cd5",
            "input": "In his early career, this man repeatedly lost to the forces of Muhammad Shaybani. This man took advantage of the scheming of Alam Khan and Dualat Khan to defeat Ibrahim Lodi in battle. Shortly after that battle, this man defeated the Rajput army of Rana Sanga at the Battle of Khanua. This descendant of (*) Tamurlane made several unsuccessful attempts to capture Samarkand and was forced to capture Kabul instead. This man was succeeded by his son Humayan and defeated the Delhi sultanate at the first Battle of Panipat. For 10 points, name this founder of the Mughal Empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78361700195b4b21a4ff7cff2ab9e9a8",
            "input": "In one work, he remarks on \"the attractive Anglo-Saxon kind of unnecessary originality\" of Keynes and Robertson, and in that work suggests that Wicksell had already won freedom from the tyranny of Say's Law and the Quantity Theory of Money. This economist, in one work, compares ex post and ex ante methods of computing savings to help show that the title concept can occur at any level of economic activity, in his Monetary Equilibrium. In a number of related \"Crisis Papers\" he laid out what policies Ernst Wigforss should implement for his New Economic Policy, and this thinker would describe such policies as \"social prophylactics. \" He termed wage reform, a \"technical trick,\" and advocated an investment in the number of child-related services, in a work, co-authored with his wife, that attempted to solve the title question that had been developing in his country in previous decades. In addition to Crisis in the Population Question, he engaged in sharp ideological dispute with Ralph Bunche over the central problem in his perhaps best known work, a condensed version of which was published by his associate, Arnold Rose, and was titled Negro in America. For 10 points, name this Swedish Economist author of the two-volume An American Dilemma.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2091c89eea8482d924d97916e1d6df3",
            "input": "The electronic contribution to heat capacity varies with this power of temperature. The Lorentz gamma is raised to this power in the expression for relativistic momentum in terms of velocity. A substance's magnetization is proportional to this power of the H-field strength. The electric potential due to an infinite sheet of charge varies with this power of the distance from the sheet. Electrical resistance varies with this power of a resistor's length, and the gravitational force on an object is proportional to this power of its mass. For 10 points, identify this power, which relates two quantities that are linearly proportional.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-addf523b9a8a44c8b2dd6a1a74e048e4",
            "input": "His various ideological campaigns included the New Life Movement in the mid-30s and a United Front with his country's communists between 1937 and 1946. The latter came about after this man was arrested at Xi'an [SHEE-AHN] by one of his own supporters and forced to concentrate on fighting foreign invaders rather than domestic enemies. His big diplomatic success came at the Cairo Conference, where he convinced the allies to abandon their so-called \"unequal treaties\" with the country that he then ruled. For 10 points, name this head of the Guomindang who died in 1975 in Taiwan after being kicked out of China by Mao Zedong.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-101fd2ae84ef484fa8c5db3728ec957b",
            "input": "This man wrote a story about Lord Arthur Saville, who attempts to fulfill a prophecy before a marriage by murdering someone, while the Dance of the Seven Veils leads to John the Baptist's beheading in a French play by this man. Along with Salome, he penned the line \"each man kills the thing he loves\" in his poem \"The (*) Ballad of Reading Gaol\" [\"Redding Jail\"]. Mrs Erlynne protects her daughter by lying about borrowing the title object in this man's play Lady Windermere's Fan and in his only novel, Basil Hallward paints the title object, which ages and grows more grotesque as its subject sins. For 10 points, name this author of The Picture of Dorian Gray.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-156e84adb3784a52b2f6fec62664218a",
            "input": "Before this battle, one side landed at Tulagi to establish air and sea bases, losing only one destroyer and a few smaller ships. A circuitous route taken by the invading fleet invited a clash with the defenders. The day before, one side sank another destroyer and an oiler, while the other side sank the light carrier Shoho and a cruiser. It saved Port Moresby and Australia from the Japanese. For 10 points, identify this battle, which featured the crippling of the Shokaku, as well as the sinking of the Lexington and the crippling of the Yorktown near the Solomon Islands.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe7ac51085f447b5ad00800142a4f8fa",
            "input": "This Baroque artist was born in Westphalia and practiced the Catholic Counter- Reformation style. Early works of this friend of Jan Brueghel the Elder include Prometheus Bound, The Raising of the Cross, and The Descent From the Cross. Heavily influenced by Italian Renaissance artists, he worked for several rulers, including Marie de' Medici. FTP name this Flemish artist known for painting large women.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d35407faecd347089545ea9aab086816",
            "input": "The beginning of this work describes the title characters engagement to Sarah, which broken after he is falsely accused by William Dane of stealing the money belonging to Lantern Yard. In another part, one character attempts to sell his brothers horse, but only manages to hurt it, and ends up stealing gold that the title character has been hoarding. The title character finds a baby girl who refuses to live with Nancy Lammeter and Godfrey Cass, and this novel ends happily with the marriage of Eppie to Aaron Winthrop. For 10 points, identify this novel about a weaver of Ravelow, a work of George Eliot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3336e5f54a6d47bb91aa8d8b90a34697",
            "input": "Bartok adapted the first movement of his first concerto for this instrument into the first of his Two Portraits. Tchaikovsky wrote his Serenade Melancolique for this instrument. Ravel's sonata for this instrument and piano has a \"Blues\" second movement. Leonid Kogan made a celebrated recording of Khachaturian's concerto for this instrument, for which Ernest Chausson wrote his Poeme. This instrument depicts the Hero's Wife in Richard Strauss's Ein Heldenleben. A \"Vorspiel\" in G minor opens Bruch's first concerto for this instrument. Johannes Brahms's only concerto for this instrument was written for Joseph Joachim. For 10 points, name this primary instrument of Paganini, a stringed instrument that is played by the concertmaster of an orchestra.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-178a3cadeb3847ec9f4c59175e5023f6",
            "input": "This dedicatee of the Battle of the Ten Kings married the daughter of Puloman, and suffered Ahalya's curse. Attended by the Maruts, he currently watches the dance of the Apsaras and Gandharvas on Mount Meru, and destroyed the Vala, freeing a bunch of cows. He is lord of Svargaloka and, with Agni, leader of the Devas. In his most famous endeavor, he liberated the waters in the Rig Veda after slaying Vritra while intoxicated with Soma. FTP, identify this lightning-wielding war god from Hinduism, whose status as chief deity was somewhat supplanted by the rise of Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aea3395c58e34028a0a16737bf9b971b",
            "input": "He stepped down as president of his country in 1985, but continued as head of the ruling party until 1990. His government emphasized a form of rural socialism known as ujamaa, and, in 1978, troops under his leadership entered Uganda, deposing Idi Amin. After his retirement he remained active in African politics, and was known throughout the continent as Mwalimu, Swahili for teacher. FTP, identify this first president of Tanzania, who died in October, 1999.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93a31c9ee440494cb100e1ab4c539d58",
            "input": "Some animals in this phylum have small skeletal-like projections called pedicellaria. Animals in this   phylum that can be fossilized to form St. Cuthbert's beads are called crinoids. Scientists sometimes  only classify animals in this phylum if they contain stereom skeletons. The feet of animals in this   phylum, which contain ampulla and podia, are called tube feet. One of its subphyla is asterozoa,  many of which have a five-point radial symmetry, while examples of these without such symmetry  include sea urchins and sea cucumbers. Name this animal phylum whose members tend to be good at  regeneration, and which includes starfish.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3e357f879e04998accfe5f031a1e3fb",
            "input": "Not easily oxidized, these compounds can be synthesized by using an organolithium reagent on a nitrile, followed by hydrolysis of the product. Useful as solvents and flavorings, they can also be made by oxidizing a secondary alcohol. They do not affect Fehling's solution and do not react with the Tollens reagent, which differentiates them from aldehydes. FTP, name this class of compounds with a carbonyl group between two aryl groups, the simplest of which is acetone.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37a870d77ead432d9b710ddd6ea7787f",
            "input": "In a street celebration honoring this deity, people make human pyramids to reach a pot called the matki and break it. This deity told a pregnant mother about how to make the Chakravyuha military formation, though the unborn baby Abhimanyu only heard some of it and died at age sixteen screwing it up. This deity saved a village from a storm sent by Indra by raising the Govardhan hill over the village. This brother of Balarama defeated Kamsa, his evil uncle. His ranging with cowherd girls called gopis and his sucking of the demoness Putana's breastmilk are celebrated during Holi. During the Kurukshetra war, he declared \"Now I am become death, destroyer of worlds\" while revealing his full splendor. For 10 points, name this avatar of Vishnu who served as Arjuna's charioteer in the Bhagavad-Gita.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ccececca5494bfb83a90fd61d71dd95",
            "input": "The giant waringin tree is sacred to inhabitants of this province. Klungklung was the seat of its native rulers until 1908. This province's highest point is the volcanic mountain Agung, which contains the mother temple of Pura Besakih. This province's major towns include Singaraja and the provincial capital of Denpasar. The temple Panataram Sasih of Pedjeng houses a bronze drum known as the moon of this region. In Hindu myth, a demon king of this name is sent to rule the underworld after he is stepped on by the avatar Vamana. This province was also the site of investigations that used \"thick description\" into a form of deep play centering on cockfighting. For 10 points, name this island located within the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia and east of Java, the site of terrorist bombings in 2002.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f94c06c2a73641c1a1cdfa823228e27d",
            "input": "The Lucas circles can be drawn by inscribing a square in this other geometric shape. Clark Kimberling has catalogued over three thousand centers of this shape, some of which include the Nagel point and the nine-point center. Kimberling center X1 refers to the point at which the angular bisectors intersect; that point does not necessary lie on the Euler line, unlike the (*) circumcenter, orthocenter, and centroid. For 10 points, name this geometric shape whose angles add up to one hundred eight degrees and has three sides.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f3741f37bed474ba7a0959024d656ca",
            "input": "trumpet call at the end of this composition's first movement falls from E to E-flat and abruptly shifts into a minor key. That movement's main theme is repeated by pizzicato strings in its Landler second movement. Its third movement opens with two sharp timpani notes, and sixteenth notes represent the subject of St. Anthony's sermon to the fish, while offstage trumpets and French horns are incorporated into the final movement entitled \"Primal Light. \" This work's first movement was originally the symphonic poem Totenfeier, and poems written by Friedrich Klopstock are used for its Auferstehung choral movement. For 10 points, name this symphony preceded by \"Titan,\" a work of Gustav Mahler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-816c2adc5109436e90a6de24785f7873",
            "input": "This work claims that it is impossible to derive that two lines cannot contain space from the definitions of a straight line and the number two. Its author believes that one can never know the empirical ego, since the mind can only experience itself through filtered perception, the transcendental ego. This work posits a phenomenal and a noumenal world, the latter of which is unknowable. It argues that the mind uses twelve categories, including causality, to interpret and impose order on the world, and claims that a priori knowledge can be either analytic or synthetic. For 10 points, name this work by Immanuel Kant, the first of his Critiques.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4e4205cdd714c38aef1e6d7de1e6325",
            "input": "In this novel, the title phrase appears in a passage about \"the unborn child that is the inheritor of our fear\". The protagonist of this novel is relieved when Mr. Carmichael takes a case pro deo, while another character has a bookshelf dedicated to Abraham Lincoln. One character funds the building of irrigation, terraces, and a church in a village after his son Arthur Jarvis is killed by the protagonist's son. After receiving a letter from Theophilius Msimangu and descending into the city, the protagonist of this novel finds that his \"ill\" sister Gertrude has become a prostitute and his son Absalom a murderer. For 10 points, name this work centering around Stephen Kumalo, a novel by South African author Alan Paton.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c229ce8c79d04bb08d697cf64f23774f",
            "input": "The Petasis reagent contains an atom of this element at the center, and it coordinates to the two cyclopentadiene molecules in Tebbe's reagent. Another compound that contains this element and aluminum operates via the Cosee-Arleman mechanism, and this metal can be extracted via the Kroll process from rutile or ilmentite. In addition to its use in the Ziegler-Natta catalyst, this metal's tetrachloride is commonly used in organic reactions as a Lewis acid. Its dioxide is commonly found in paint. FTP, name this metal which is used in aerospace applications due to its durability, with atomic number 22 and symbol Ti.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c11a258a2b9c4a33890ff95a612f0d98",
            "input": "This man wrote over 150 compositions featuring the baryton, and his Mourning Symphony in E minor was played at his funeral. He transposed his Piano Trio in F sharp minor for the theme to the second movement of his Symphony No. 102 in B flat major, a performance of which gave the nickname to Symphony No. 96, his Miracle Symphony. The 2/4 andante second movement of another symphony begins with a tranquil melody in C major, but on beat 2 of measure 16 the phrase ends with a loud G major chord, and the final movement of another sees the musicians leave one by one. For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of the Surprise Symphony and Farewell Symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93326a89b68a4f87b493c6e93a9f9790",
            "input": "Just before the First Crusade, this country saw the sudden death of its ruler Ladislas I, who along with Coloman the Book-Lover was a member of this country's Arpad Dynasty. The Black Army of this country was led by its ruler Matthias Corvinus. A White Terror was inflicted on this country's population by its leader during World War II, Miklos Horthy, who led an army to depose his communist predecessor, Bela Kun. The Soviet Union crushed a 1956 independence movement in this country led by Imre Nagy. Following the Compromise of 1867 or Ausgleich, this country formed a dual monarchy with Austria. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Budapest.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5a6be9dd3da4247b2d355bc4f348d7a",
            "input": "He wore a chain of seashells around his neck and a chain of rattles around his ankles, and he often wore a conical cap made from the skin of a jaguar. He was once aided by vultures, an eagle, a coyote, a wolf, and hundreds of moles in digging up his slain father, the Sun. He taught the Toltecs of Tula how to raise corn, but he was forced to flee by Tezcatlipoca. FTP, name this Toltec and Aztec deity known as the plumed serpent god who was once confused with Hernando Cortez.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4a15f76efaf400ebfe6b6907bd37e3f",
            "input": "In its lower course, it enters the Tete basin, passes through Lupata Gorge, and encounters the Shire River near the town of Vila Fontes. About 1600 miles are navigable, and near the Mozambique border it enters Lake Cahora Bassa during its S-shaped route beginning near Kalene Hill, Zambia. FTP, name this southeast African river which, near Kazungula, Zambia, forms Victoria Falls.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-85207f05ca384b04986e6b52a7d07bed",
            "input": "He employed a four-part choir in his somewhat misnamed Messa di Gloria, and once punched a theater manager for attempting to perform the one-act operas that comprise his The Triptych separately. One of his opera's centers on a soldier's sister and was inspired by Abbe Prevost, while another is set partly in a polka saloon and is based off the writings of David Belasco. In addition to Manon Lescaut and The Girl of the Golden West, this composer of Edgar and The Swallow used other Belasco writings to create his work about Sharpless, Goro, Pinkerton, and Cio-Cio San. For 10 points each, identify this Italian composer of Turandot, Tosca, La Boheme, and Madame Butterfly.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0cd7e399d7f4b30822db54ee605e73e",
            "input": "In one poem, this author refers to Van Dyck as the prince of tranquil gestures. One of this man's creations cannot listen to Wagner without the odour of burning cinnnamon, Oranthe, who appears in Fragments from Italian Comedy. In one of this man's short stories, Laurence becomes the object of Violante's affection, while another describes the violinist Baldassare Silvande. This author also created a character who meets the artist Elstir in Combray and sees his friend Robert de Saint-Loup marry his former childhood love Gilberte. That character narrates a novel where Madame Verdurin marries the Prince of Guermantes. For 10 points, name this author of In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower and Sodom and Gomorrah, sections of his magnum opus In Search of Lost Time.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6cabc622dad14af395582b663273b2a3",
            "input": "One variety of them formed from secondary imines such as pyrimidine are named for Zincke. Two equivalents of these compounds yield a carboxylic acid and a primary alcohol in a disproportion reaction named for Cannizaro. They are characterized by an NMR shift of about 9 to 10 ppm, and their oxidation in the presence of a diamine-silver complex yields a \"silver mirror\" in the Tollens test. For 10 points, identify this functional group which features a carbon double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydrogen atom, exemplified by methanal and ethanal.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21f2b40f1fde479faaad92ab5c50f5fa",
            "input": "He had an early interest in psychology and later in his life discovered, contemporaneously with Donald Hebb, the synaptic connection model of the mind which he put forth in his 1952 work The Sensory Order. He is more famous in another field for which he developed his idea of a \"spontaneous order\" and wrote such works as The Pure Theory of Capital. His most famous work argues that state control of the economy leads to totalitarianism. FTP, name this man who shared the 1974 Nobel in Economics with Gunnar Myrdal and wrote The Road to Serfdom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-64707968671f44a59e9cbfa3de1219f9",
            "input": "Early in life, this man was a follower of philosopher Mnesiphilus, and served as choragos for a performance of Phrynichus Capture of Miletus. Later in life, this man erected a temple to Artemis at Melite which he controversially dubbed Aristoboule, spent exile in Argos and Corcyra before serving Admetus of Molossia, and was granted governorship of Magnesia by King Artaxerxes of Persia. Matched with Camillus in Plutarchs Parallel Lives, he instructed all women and children to take refuge at Troezen and was seen as the rival to Aristides. This son of Neocles used a new silver supply discovered at Laurium to finance the building of a navy which he interpreted as the wooden walls described by the Oracle at Delphi, which he would command in his greatest victory. For 10 points, identify this victor at the Battle of Salamis.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1e1751147dc4179aa196e92173bbe87",
            "input": "The protonation of nitric acid by this compound creates greater-than-normal amounts of nitronium ions, which are used to nitrate benzene in a textbook electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The dehydrating property of this substance is often demonstrated by pouring it over sucrose. The production of this compound was revolutionized by the use of lead-lined chambers. It is now produced using a vanadium(2) oxide catalyst in the contact process. For 10 points, name this compound with chemical formula H2SO4, a strong acid found in car batteries.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76cfc433f6f9454fb288687d0b9df8ed",
            "input": "One author from this country wrote The Traps of Faith about an earlier writer from this nation. That writer is also known for the poem \"\"Sunstone. \"\" Another writer from this country of Sor Juana Ines De La Cruz imagined a dying soldier and member of the PRI recalling his life in The Death of Artemio Cruz. That author from this country was inspired by the disappearance of (*) Ambrose Bierce to write The Old Gringo. For 10 points, Carlos Fuentes and Octavio Paz hail from what large Latin American country",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-489172c7aca84fc894ee2406872ecedb",
            "input": "One work by this artist shows a bonnet-wearing woman carrying a butcher knife to the left of the artist's sister Katherine. Gertrude Kasebier and Clarence H. White joined an art movement led by this artist, which was created as a response to England's The Link Ring. Ten of his works called \"Music\" evolved into his series of abstract cloud depictions called (*) Equivalents. Horses pull a trolley labeled \"Harlem\" in his photograph The Terminal. In Camera Work, he frequently published the works of Edward Steichen, a man who co-founded New York's Gallery 291 with him. For 10 points, name this Photo-Secession photographer of The Steerage, the husband of Georgia O'Keeffe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce30882d4cbf4092bf3f38284b8c3882",
            "input": "Many major temples of this religion house atakhsh i warahran flames to ward off evil. Its followers believe that at the Bridge of the Separator, they will be judged by the messenger, the judge, and the keeper of covenants, respectively Sraosha, Rashnu, and Mithra. Though it isn't Sikhism, initiates don the sedra and kashti, an undershirt and girdle. Its followers believe that the six amesha spentas do battle agains the daevas created by Angra Mainyu. Sacred texts of this religion include the Vendidad, a collection of hymns known as Gathas, found in the Avesta. For 10 points, name this dualistic Persian religion with the principal good god Ahura Mazda.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7ae4a549a734f4c91fcbfc41cc4b588",
            "input": "This god's soul, known as his Ba, was worshipped at the city of Mendes where he was known as Banebdjedet (BANE-ba-jed-ET). The Queen of Ethiopia conspired with Set to kill this god, who was locked in a box sealed with lead and dropped into the Nile River. After being saved by his wife, this god impregnated her, and she later gave birth to the god Horus. Set later chopped this god into fourteen pieces and scattered them throughout the country. Often depicted with green skin and a long beard, this god is the eldest son of Geb and Nut. For 10 points, identify this husband of Isis, the Egyptian god of the dead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0fde0dc1f6b74fa283971d896fee9157",
            "input": "This politician signed an agreement with Francisco Peynado which ended American occupation of the Dominican Republic, and as an Associate Justice, he wrote the majority opinion in Bailey v. Alabama which found peonage laws to be unconstitutional. This man attempted to curb the growing power of Japan through the Washington Naval Conference, which he chaired as Secretary of State under Coolidge, and he defeated William Randolph Hearst to become Governor of New York. This politician penned the majority opinion in the Sick Chicken Case, and he led the opposition to Roosevelt's court-packing scheme. This man's presidential ticket with Charles Fairbanks fell 4,000 votes short in California to a man whose campaign slogan was \"He kept us out of war\", and Herbert Hoover appointed him to the position he is most notable for to replace William Howard Taft. For 10 points, name this loser of the 1916 presidential election to Woodrow Wilson who served as Chief Justice from 1930 to 1941.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1e36b9c6e8a47039de9c0952dae7ac2",
            "input": "One of the major causes of the tension preceding it was the trampling of native corn fields by livestock belonging to colonists. Sparked when Josiah Winslow took Wamsutta by gun point shortly after the murder of John Sassamon, fighting broke out in the town of Swansea, and it ended the next year after its leader died while fighting a force lead by Benjamin Church. FTP, name this 1675-76 Massachusetts war drawing its name from the English name for the leader of the revolting Wampanoag, Metacom.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4c62b3d142f04cdc8b4bb9722fa2e4d0",
            "input": "One character in this work, due to his affection for vintage claret, prevents another character from visiting Lucy Darleton. Minor characters in this work include Harry Oxford, who disrupts the engagement announced at the beginning of the novel, and the central character's best man, Colonel de Craye. Several characters concern themselves with Crossjays opportunity to join the marines, which is facilitated by the tutelage of Laetitia Dale. The central character thwarts several attempts to flee to Europe by his betrothed, Clara Middleton, who eventually marries Vernon Whitford. FTP, name this novel about the selfish Sir Willoughby Patterne by George Meredith.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f27f95ba550b40bb800c34e8c2e60f14",
            "input": "Although he was a sometime Communist Party member, his early poetry collections were banned, as much for their eroticism as for their ironic tone. He followed his successful one-act play The Owners of the Keys with an acclaimed first novel, The Joke. But two years later in 1969 the authorities banned his second novel, Life Is Elsewhere. In 1975 he emigrated to France, but his novels weren't published in his native Czechoslovakia till 1989. FTP name the author of The Book of Laughter and Forgetting and The Unbearable Lightness of Being.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ccc178deb7be41778a65da391558b736",
            "input": "The first English work inspired by them was probably Anthony Barclay's 1514 work of the same name. They feature Mopsus and Menalcas reflecting on the apotheosis of Daphnis in the fifth. Two boys, Chromis and Mnasyllos, encounter a hung-over Silenus in the sixth. The tenth can be read as an homage to Cornelius Gallus, while the second features Corydon. Meliboeus contrasts his poor fortune with that of the contented Tityrus in the first. And although it has often been read as a Christian allegory, it is much more likely that the fourth celebrates Antony and Octavian's pact at Brindisium. FTP identify this series of pastoral poems the first notable achievement of Vergil.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7200872903a54cf68cf1ef177561d963",
            "input": "Elected to the priesthood of the augurs over Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, he served under Aulus Gabinius in Judaea and Egypt and would later be deified as the New Dionysus. The commander of the left wing at the Battle of Pharsalus, while besieging Brutus Albinus at Modena, he was attacked by a coalition led by Octavian and the consuls. Distinguishing himself at the Battle of Philippi, after losing at Actium, he committed suicide. FTP, identify this member of the second triumvirate and ally of Cleopatra.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66c80ad2fe5f46ca940a2b3314513fe0",
            "input": "The last section of this work outlines the four causes of the \"confederacy of deceivers\" that suppress the light of truth within men. This book accuses the Catholic Church of misinterpreting scripture to justify the Pope's powers in that fourth section, \"The Kingdom of Darkness\". The second part of this work outlines twelve rights of rulers and claims that men bind together in the state for self-preservation. That section also rejects aristocracy and democracy in favor of the more stable monarchy. This work proposes a way to avoid the \"war of all against all\" described in its first section, \"Of Man\". That section of this work also defines life in nature as \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short\". For 10 points, name this philosophical book that outlines the necessity of a strong state, written by Thomas Hobbes.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb76f549d7ed4aec9615c33e228f07c7",
            "input": "This work is thought to have been commissioned to replace a lost work on a similar topic by Lorenzo Di Medici. Some of the flora depicted in this work include cattails in the lower left corner and pink flowers falling down next to the central figure. (*) Horae waits behind the title figure and throws a pink cloth over her, while another figure, Zephyr, blows wind behind her to propel her towards shore. For 10 points, identify this work in which the title goddess stands upon a shell in the ocean, a painting by Sandro Botticelli.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e6b27e43d8d423091299385aa4f529c",
            "input": "This composer wrote a symphonic suite in which the fairy Gul-Nazar rescues a gazelle from a bird. One of his works uses the unusual time signatures 2/1 and 3/1 in its final movement, and its Andante lugubre first movement alternates a woodwind theme with a cello rendition of the hymn \"An Angel Cried Out. \" The fourth movement of one work by this composer opens with five cadenzas played over percussion rolls and sees violins, violas, and cellos played quasi guitara. That work's third movement nearly repeats its first save in key and instrumentation, an asturian dance. For 10 points, name this composer of Russian Easter Overture and Capriccio Espagnol as well as a suite with movements like \"The Kalendar Prince\" and \"The Sea and Sinbad's Ship\" called Scheherezade.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39752f84940a47acb7ff0ef61a13e0d6",
            "input": "His work has recently been reintroduced into the field of modern organizational theory by Oliver Williamson. One of his works investigates the incentives involved in entrepreneurship, ignoring the advantage of non contractual relationships. The founder of the field of \"New Institutional Economics\", his did much of his early work on monopolies He identified the importance of transaction costs in \"The Nature of the Firm\", but he is better remembered for the ideas on property rights he espoused in \"The Problem of Social Costs. \" FTP, identify this winner of the 1991 Nobel Prize, best known for his eponymous theorem.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-675ae27a619c4e268ec32feaca9054d7",
            "input": "In one opera by this composer, a character overhears the title character's plot to kill him while he is near the tomb of Charlemagne to be crowned the next Holy Roman Emperor. In one of this composer's operas, Abigaile tells Ismaele that her father, the title character of the opera, will forgive Ismaele if he does not protect Fenena. The title character of that opera by this composer is a (*) Babylonian king. In another of his operas, Alfredo sings a drinking song at Violetta Valery's house. One opera by this composer of Ernani and Nabucco features a princess' unrequited love for Radames, who wins a battle in Ethiopia, which is the home country of the title character, who is a captive in Egypt. For 10 points, name this composer of La Traviata and Aida.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c310737126094a8395a8d03c52755f8f",
            "input": "Hoffland studied how fungi tunnel along natural productivity gradients in types of this mineral. Prevalent in arkose, these framework silicates of aluminum react with water to form kaolinite. High-calcium rocks tend to be enriched in the K-variant and two variants of this mineral in one composition can form intergrowths and twin-wall intersections. Albite and labradorite are examples of a type of one of these that are depicted on the continuous branch of Bowen's reaction series moving from calcium-rich to sodium-rich. Sixty percent of Earth's crust is composed of, for 10 points, what type of mineral that includes plagioclase and orthoclase.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63b02bbe026f4856b9c49a4b1af2375f",
            "input": "In one prayer from this faith, the speaker proclaims \"I bow down to those who have reached omniscience in the flesh.\" This faith's cosmology postulates the existence of beings with only the sense of touch called nigodas. In 1974, this faith adopted an official emblem which contains three dots near the top and an additional dot inside a curve, representing an (*) enlightened soul. The largest schism within this faith partially sprang from a dispute over whether it was possible for a woman to achieve salvation. Lay members of this faith follow twelve vows, divided into the Anuvratas, Gunavratas, and Siksavratas, while monks within this faith are divided into the \"white-clad\" and \"sky-clad\" sects. For 10 points, name this Indian faith based on the teachings of the Tirthankaras.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cdcab3edf3cb4cc1981e4e0601bbd4bf",
            "input": "Taking exception to an assertion in the pages of the June 3, 1925 issue of The Nation that he had been detained in a country club-type prison, he wrote in a Letter to the Editor, \"I was in prison at Sandberg thirteen months in all. A special decree on April 1, 1924, deprived me of all previous privileges. All privileges theretofore granted the prisoner wereeither abridged or wiped out. Count Arco was still benefited by these alleviations. \"  During that time, though, he did have a chance to write his autobiography and political testament. For 10 points, who was this man who ironically wrote in that work, \"The broad mass of a nation will more easily fall victim to a big lie than to a small one\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-271bf2aff3624c15a54b001f1a0c4e47",
            "input": "One leader of this organization went into two retirements in England and owned the Epsom Derby-winning horse Orby. That man was a bitter enemy of Charles Parkhurst's Society for the Prevention of Crime and eventually lost an election to Seith Low. Fernando Wood formed the Mozart organization to compete with this group after a falling-out, and its leader Charles Murphy won a similar factional dispute by engineering the impeachment of William Sulzer. John Kelly introduced its block-by-block regimentation at the same time that \"King\" Richard Croker became its leader. Thomas Nast's cartoon helped break the power of a man with a namesake \"ring\" who was another notoriously corrupt member of this group. FTP, William \"Boss\" Tweed was a leader of what Democratic Party social association that ran New York politics for decades",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23079f973a37419699192fd2052e1585",
            "input": "A king and counselor of the Anunnaki, this deity receives the earth in Atrahasis, and is worshipped in the temple of Duranki. One story regards the theft by Zu of his tablets of destiny that allows him to determine the fate of all living and nonliving things. Another, which has him supplanted by Marduk, tells of his response to the rebellion of the Igigi, which included the unleashing of a series of disasters that included the Great Flood. Known for his short temper, he sentenced Enkidu to death for his role in killing the Great Bull of Heaven. FTP, name this Sumerian god of the earth and land, supplanted by Anu as leader of the pantheon, whose name means \"Lord Wind. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6e9b04abd6d45a5a0df07d8b14b56db",
            "input": "The man who called for this meeting had earlier issued a namesake note concerning the treatment of Christians in Ottoman territories. One delegation parleyed their support of another side into the secret Cyprus Convention, and this meeting saw Romania lose South Bessarabia in exchange for Dobruja. Greater Bulgaria was separated into North Bulgaria, Macedon, and Eastern Rumelia at this meeting. Though Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania all gained independence, they all paid with a loss of territory. Turkey was allowed to keep control of its land on Bulgaria's coast on the Aegean, possibly due to no Balkan nations attending. For 10 points, name this 1878 meeting convened to redo the Treaty of San Stefano following the Russo-Turkish War and held in a German city.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2760101f178432a8bb5693a8bea755e",
            "input": "The extreme background of this work on the right side shows a group of workers, and the lower left contains a broken down fence. Originally called Landscape: noon, a small boat is barely discernible amongst some bushes in the right foreground, while a figure on the left leans out over a dock connected to Willy Lott's cottage near Flatford Mill. One dog is visible on the near bank of the river Stour, while another sits on the title object. For 10 points, name this landscape in which horses pull the title cart up the river, a work of John Constable.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90e0035e9982457497a4b6e4a1927ac1",
            "input": "A 2001 J.C. Alvarez study investigated properties of aromatic polyamides containing this class of elements, and they are reacted with carboxylic acids in the Hunsdiecker reaction. The Finkelstein reaction involves the exchange of two atoms of these elements, and the enrichment of uranium via gaseous diffusion is accomplished using a molecule containing the simplest of these elements, whose synthesis won Henri Moissan the 1906 Nobel in Chemistry. Another member of this group is used as a mordant in Gram staining and has an important role in the thyroid gland. For 10 points, identify these highly reactive Group 17 elements that include iodine and fluorine.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f95e259dafc415b877dd6f6027cf4a8",
            "input": "It was largely based on an oriental poetry anthology translated by Hans Bethge into German under the title The Chinese Flute; the first movement, is an allegro in A flat called the Heavens Are Ever Blue. The Lonely One in Autumn movement is made more plangent by separating each of the contraltos lines with wholly orchestral sections. The final movement, Der Abscheid or the Farewell, signifies the transcendence gained by accepting the cyclic renewal of the cosmos, and is based on another poem by Li-Po. For 10 points identify this symphony in six movements for solo voice and orchestra, a work of Gustav Mahler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d4f43e31e344d8db49bb8fa699ebb5d",
            "input": "Phillip Glass composed the music to this authors Hydrogen Jukebox while his early work is collected in Empty Mirror. One work says the title land is where clouds rise as on a wave on a green crag, and another poem describes people shopping for images, and includes a discussion of Whitmans beard. William Blakes influence can be seen in his Sunflower Sutra, and in addition to Wales Visitation and A Supermarket in California, he wrote an elegy describing his mothers immigration and insanity. In another poem, he addresses angelheaded hipsters and notes how madness destroyed the best minds of his generation in a more famous work. FTP, name this Jewish beat poet of Kaddish and Howl.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-edc5dc02e49c48c1bf06c3d371004d12",
            "input": "In one of his paintings, two men in green and orange hold hats in one hand and staves in the other, while a bearded man in white carrying a backpack goes hiking. Another of his paintings shows a storm raging as the titular animal takes an s-shaped curvature. Other than The Meeting and The Fox in the Snow, this artist also painted a nude woman lying on a white cloth with her raised left arm holding the title creature in Woman with a Parrot. The Shaded Stream and The Hammock are forest scenes reminiscent of his painting of a dead deer hung from a tree while a man plays a horn, The Quarry. In addition to Les demoiselles de village, he also painted a hairy closeup of a woman's genitals in The Origin of the World, and a nude woman standing behind the painter himself working on a landscape in The Artist's Studio. Known for painting a funeral in his hometown, FTP name this artist of Burial at Ornans.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1871c40b0cc142f597213169c0c98939",
            "input": "In the third book of this work, the author comes to the conclusion that tragedy is the summit of poetry, and that we can observe in nature the war of one of the title concepts with itself. In this book, the author defines the beauty of an object as what occurs when it realizes one of the title concepts. In the last book , the author posits that the idea of life is tragic, and examines the denial of the will to live. One of the title concepts in this work is defined as a striving, yearning force that takes various forms according to its inclinations, and this work posits that by losing oneself in objects, one can realize the truth of the title concept. For ten points, identify this pessimistic philosophical text, the seminal work by Arthur Schopenhauer.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2e97d9dd5804c9ea5f6f1f0fc9f2db3",
            "input": "One equation used to study the anisotropy in this process is called Green's function. This process and its converse can be observed in outer hair cells, and it is implemented in Scanning Tunneling microscopes. Materials exhibiting this effect also exhibit the Debye-Sears effect where they establish acoustic waves when vibrated at fixed frequencies if placed in liquid. Poling is necessary to induce this effect in ceramic materials, and Rochelle salts are exhibit this effect upon compression, which was discovered by Pierre and Paul-Jacques Curie. For ten points, name this effect the generation of electric potential in response to an applied mechanical strain.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-344a56b4af5348078cd713c822ed347e",
            "input": "Susanne Wood and Marshall Grossman have written extensively about the relationship of a poem by Amelia Lanyer to one of this man's famous works. A monologue from one of this man's works describes a woman who makes it a point \"Still to be neat\" and is alternately titled \"Simplex Munditiis. \"  That play features the character Sir Amorous La-Foole and concerns Morose's hatred of noise. Plays by this author include The Isle of Dogs and one about the witless goldsmith Touchstone, Eastward, Ho! Better known are a poem about Phillip Sidney's house, \"To Penshurst,\" a song that begins \"Drink to me, only, with thine eyes,\" and a play about a fox. FTP name this author of To Celia, better known for plays like The Alchemist and Volpone.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3cc1348e8cb4323b2902fd8108a1f7f",
            "input": "When the polar vortex slows, this region can undergo sudden warming. This layer is subject to the quasi-biennial oscillation. The distribution of water and another substance in this layer and an associated sublayer are explained by the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Like the thermosphere, its temperature increases with altitude. This layer contains the ozone layer. Its bottom boundary is called the tropopause, below which is the troposphere. For 10 points, name this second layer of the atmosphere.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07d6cddd31f848b491ac22324a5b406c",
            "input": "The grandson of this dynasty's founder was overthrown in a coup by his uncle, the Prince of Yan. This dynasty's last emperor, Chongzhen, was dethroned by the peasant Li Zicheng. Its first emperor came to power during the Red Turban Rebellion and was known as Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor. One of its rulers, the Yong-le emperor, sent Zheng He on exploratory naval missions, commissioned the Forbidden City, and moved the capital to Beijing. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Yuan and preceded the Qing, known for its porcelain.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0cd0a8c08184685a4cc5b4a4e54baf6",
            "input": "He attempted to impart a Middle Eastern flavor to works such as the Nuit persane and his fifth piano concerto, known as the \"Egyptian. \" This composer of the Spanish-flavored Havanaise also wrote a piece which contrasts a reflective opening with a faster section in which the soloist plays in 2/4 against the orchestra's 6/8. Another work for violin and orchestra by this composer required an E to E flat scordatura tuning, was based on a Henry Cazalis poem, features an oboe near the end symbolizing a rooster call and uses the xylophone to depict rattling bones. For 10 points, name this composer of the Introduction and Rondo Cappricioso, Danse Macabre, and Carnival of the Animals.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-790bbc2b3b754815816da3a8c94b78a3",
            "input": "A magazine editor claims that his pet baboon, Juniper, has written Gothic tales for a certain magazine in this author's short story \"How to Write a Blackwood Article. \" In the best-selling work of his lifetime a Black man named Jupiter describes a map of the location of Captain Kidd's treasure to William Legrand. In addition to \"The Gold Bug,\" this author wrote of the twins Madeline and Roderick whose home collapses into a bog in a story collected in Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. FTP name this American creator of the detective C. Auguste Dupin who also wrote \"The Fall of the House of Usher. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c7bb2bbb65a9468ea61614b45aaefb2f",
            "input": "He composed a piece for chamber orchestra that contained a movement marked Tempo giusto, and a ballet in which the Joker has the chameleon-like ability to become any other card. This composer of the Dunbarton Oaks Concerto and Card Game wrote a work in which chromatic scales are used to depict the swooping of the title bird, and his Symphony in C contains a notable Larghetto concertante movement. This composer of Song of the Nightingale also wrote one ballet in which Prince Ivan enters the realm of Kashchei the Immortal and meets thirteen princesses, and another which contains sections entitled Ritual Action of the Ancestors and Ritual of the Two Rival Tribes. For 10 pointsname this composer of The Firebird and The Rite of Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a1bc4f8574445a5a8318c063f6cea42",
            "input": "This man wrote that Brinton's observations of the title varying vocalizations were not evidence of cultural inferiority in On Alternating Sounds. To catalog environmental influences on native migration in The Central Eskimo, he studied the Inuit of Baffin Island. He studied the practice of potlatch among the Kwakiutl, which led him to develop the concept of cultural relativism. He founded the anthropology department at Columbia, where he trained students such as Alfred L. Kroeber and Ruth Benedict. For 10 points, name this anthropologist, the author of The Mind of Primitive Man.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-534dd291839a4c21a493f500d0789c7e",
            "input": "The theory in which these particles appear is an SU(3) gauge theory, and particles composed only of them are predicted to exist, but the only candidate known, f(1710), decays too quickly into K-mesons. During the first ten microseconds after the Big Bang, the state of matter where hadrons are decomposed that was said to have formed is known as a plasma of quarks and these particles. A vector gauge boson of spin 1, they have only two polarization states and have eight independent types, and although their exchange results in a change of color, the quarks maintains the balance of color. Carriers of the strong nuclear force, these are, FTP, which subatomic particles that cause quarks to interact and thus the binding of protons and neutrons in nuclei",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31d1c4101ee841ccaa46f41de7651ec5",
            "input": "This work discusses how incomplete knowledge of causes leads to a belief in luck in the section Of Probability. It argues that ideas lack the forcefulness of actual and that the source of all ideas is ultimately impressions in Of the Origin of Ideas, though it provides a possible counter-example of a missing shade of blue. It distinguishes relations of ideas from matters of fact, known as the authors namesake fork, and goes on to question whether we can trust induction. For 10 points, name this empiricist text which built on the ideas of John Locke, a work of the Scottish philosopher David Hume.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed5cda844737448f8b1ee5ed7e21a0c2",
            "input": "General Snowden set up his headquarters at the local schoolhouse as he and his troops took up a strong defensive position at Munhall. Any prisoners were brought to the temporarily constructed Camp Sam Black. The problems had begun six days earlier, on July 6th, when Hugh Douglas confronted the two hundred and eighty armed men who had floated down the Monongahela on the orders of Henry Clay Frick. These Pinkerton guards were supposed to continue the policy of evicting the strikers from company owned housing so that scabs could replace the members of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. FTP, identify this 1892 Pennsylvania strike against the Carnegie Steel Company.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4eaccac20df4a04975eece7163e1513",
            "input": "This work contains the lines, \"The swallow tittering from the straw-built bed, the cock's shrill clarion, or the echoing horn, no more shall rouse them from their lowly bed\" before claiming that \"Full many a gem of purest ray serene the dark unfathom'd caves of ocean bear\". Another section of this work discusses how \"Knowledge to their eyes her ample page, rich with the spoils of time, did ne'er unroll\" and \"beneath those rugged elms, that yew tree's shade, where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap, each in his narrow cell for ever laid\". This work begins with the lines, \"The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, the lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea\". For 10 pointsname this poem by Thomas Gray.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4f4274264584a77af5659b2f5b730ea",
            "input": "character in this novel is described as having \"outlived herself. \" One section consists only of the words \"Nothing. Existed. \" and another simply states \"I must not be afraid. \" The narrator dreams of animals made of slices of toast in a world full of ants and centipedes, and soon after dreams of a soldier with a hole in his face who does not know where to put a bouquet of violets. The narrator of this novel receives a letter from his former lover asking him to visit her when she takes a trip to Paris. The narrator is researching the Marquis de Rollebon, and one character is attempting to read all of the books in the library in alphabetical order and is known as the Self-Taught Man. For 10 points, name this novel set in Bouville and written as the diary of Antoine Roquentin, written by Jean-Paul Sartre",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a2d335daf8c84c93a38a5e37ff45e7c4",
            "input": "The Polish notation developed by Lukasiewicz can be practically treated by representing operations by these mathematical entities. These entities can be represented numerically by Prufer codes, and Cayley's theorem states that for a given n, there are exactly n to the n-2 of these. The subset of those n vertices that are pendant in on of these objects is equal to two plus the sum of the degree of each vertex minus two. The zig, zig-zag, and zig-zig steps create the \"splay\" variety of these entities, while Prim's algorithm is useful for determining the minimum spanning kind. For 10 points, identify these acyclic, connected graphs which consist of a series of roots and leaves.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1267febab43e40828275fbc9c5659d84",
            "input": "Oscar Wilde is buried in this city's Pere Lachaise Cemetery. Its business district is known as La Defense, and Montparnasse Tower is found in this city near the Lafayette Shopping Center. The Chatelet Theatre is located in this city, whose museums include Pompidou and the Orsay. Sacre Coeur stands atop this city's hill of Montmartre. This city's Fauborg St. Antoine is home to the Bastille, while the Seine River runs through this city. For 10 points, name this French city which features such landmarks as Notre Dame Cathedral and the Eiffel Tower.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9465aebaa45b4326b2b7ff1eb5f41a23",
            "input": "One ruler of this polity diluted his power by placing his brother Pacorus in control of a region of Atropatene and attempted to the found the anti-Greek town of Vologesias. An earlier king of this empire may have partially ruled with his son, also named Pacorus, and killed his father before the latter could respond to the occupation of Orsoene and Gordyene. That king, Orodes II, also put to death, the victorious general in a battle over Gaius Cassius Longinus and others. Its first capital was likely centered at Dara, and this polity's rule was ended by Ardashir I. Before that, one king of this polity defeated Artavases of Armenia but was himself defeated by the Scythians; that man was Mithridates the Great. Defeating Marcus Licinius Crassus at the battle of Carrhae, for 10 points, name this Mesopotamian empire, a rival of Rome.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c9c37250d08452392daab33dd8199cb",
            "input": "This man wrote about three imaginary dialogues between himself and St. Augustine in his My Secret Book. The brother of a Carthusian monk, he also wrote two books of biographies on Roman and Biblical leaders and an unfinished biography of Scipio Africanus. This author of On Illustrious Men and Africa is best known for (*) Il Canzoniere, a collection of 366 poems dedicated to his lifelong love, who died from the plague in 1348. For 10 points, name this 14th-century Italian poet who wrote to a mysterious Laura.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37257c0d16f743d9b0edca27664e0681",
            "input": "Most proteins, such as Gelsolin, interact with this by binding in the hydrophobic cleft between its subdomains 1 and 3. That cleft can also bind subdomain 2 of a different molecule of this protein, a nucleation reaction mediated by the Arp 2/3 complex. Although it can be visualized with fluorescently tagged phalloidin, that treatment increases the amount of this protein at the cell membrane, where its normal functions include promoting cell adhesion by linking to cadherin via vinculin and catenins. Thymosin beta 4 maintains the cellular concentration of its free form, while profilin catalyzes its exchange of ADP for ATP and thus promotes its polymerization. Once polymerized, it can form dynamic structures such as lamellipodia and the contractile ring during cytokinesis. ATP hydrolysis causes globular monomers to be released from its filamentous form., and troponin regulates its binding of motor proteins in sarcomeres. For 10 points, name this cytoskeletal protein that forms microfilaments and is associated with myosin in muscle cells.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eecf13b0b4394b288b36c1a8f529a7aa",
            "input": "One mass by this composer consisted of five voices and is set to a secular French song that describes a man armed with a coat of iron mail. In addition to L'Homme arme, this composer created a number of works with madrigals by Cypriano. He espoused the polyphonic style in the wake of the tenets set down by the Council of Trent regarding church music, and composed the Missi sine nominee as well as Nasce la gioja mia. An early proponent of counterpoint, For 10 points, name this Italian composer best known for creating a namesake style, the composer of Missa Papae Marcelli, the Pope Marcellus Mass.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3d17480c3c1462486fb1964eade5717",
            "input": "In a Gustave Caillebotte painting named for one of these objects, a dog walks by a man who holds his\\n head in his hands. Silvano Vinceti claimed that the numbers two and seven were hidden in one of these\\n objects in the background of the Mona Lisa. The title fireworks show of James Whistler's Nocturne in\\n Black and Gold takes place over one of these objects. One of these objects named \"Maidenhead\" is thought\\n to have inspired the one J.M.W. Turner painted in Rain, Steam and Speed. A Japanese inspired structure of\\n this type at Giverny was often painted alongside water lilies by Claude Monet. For 10 points, name these\\n structures which Canaletto often painted crossing the canals of Venice.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b2df58a1bd04109b5577ad3fd632700",
            "input": "One equation for discovering this value multiplies the masses of two objects over the radius squared multiplied by this force's universal constant. When this weakest of the four fundamental forces is equal to the drag force on an object, that object will be at a terminal velocity. An object's weight is equal to mass multiplied by this force. For 10 points, name this force that acts as a downward acceleration on an object on Earth at 9.8 meters per second squared, which was studied by Isaac Newton possibly because of an apple.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c66c3587edfd43f4a4f5c4cb110977c3",
            "input": "A red barn can be seen in the back right of this painting, while the main building's attic features a pointed arch window that provides part of the basis for its title. One figure is seen staring at something to the viewer's right, and is based on the artist's sister Nan. Byron McKeeby, the artist's dentist, modeled for the other figure, who is given symbolic significance by holding a pitchfork in his right hand. FTP, what is this classic of American Regionalism, painted by Grant Wood",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba3fc578ed7248eaaadc101d045c9512",
            "input": "An ostinato with the winds and horns mirroring notes from a harp mimics the tolling of convent bells in this work's second movement, an Allegretto. Subsequently, a rustic Allegro Assai passage introduces the next movement, an Allegretto serenade. A theme from the composer's unsuccessful overture Intrata di Rob Roy Mac Gregor provided the basis for this piece's ide fixe, and after the aforementioned \"March of the Pilgrims\" and the \"Serenade of an Abruzzi Mountaineer to his Mistress,\" this work's fourth and last movement revisits its previous movements before descending into the \"Orgy of Brigands. \"  Never performed by its intended soloist, Niccolo Paganini, this is, FTP, what viola showpiece by Hector Berlioz, adapted from a Lord Byron poem",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4141b5d3b47f42d0b89510e6c28e7b76",
            "input": "With Michael Kasha, this man postulated that phosphorescing organic molecules are in a triplet state, and one of his theories was inspired by Abegg's rule. The Drago-Wayland equation can be used to predict the enthalpy of interactions between two types of molecules named for this man, whose isolation of heavy water predated his student (*) Harold Urey's isolation of deuterium. The fugacity of each species in an ideal solution can be determined using a rule named for this man and Randall. In his article \"The Atom and the Molecule,\" he proposed a model involving cubical atoms, which led to the postulation of the octet rule. FTP name this scientist whose namesake acids are electron pair acceptors in a definition developed after Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49d97541cf0a44feb45dd2463cd4d992",
            "input": "One building in this city contains stained glass designed by Edward Burne- Jones and served as a hub for the Arts & Crafts movement. That building acted as the residence of William Morris and is called the Red House. The ceilings of a Neoclassical building in this city contain paintings by Peter Rubens. An architect from this city used the style of Palladio for the facades of his Banqueting House in Whitehall. A building in this city, home to Inigo Jones, was destroyed by fires three times and was most recently redesigned by Christopher Wren. For 10 points, name this city home to St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-67a23f38a0124279a5b62fd2d6247cf0",
            "input": "Schilling's ridge-sink model describes phenomena here, and convection cells here exhibit \"soft turbulence. \" The carrot shape of kimberlite pipes owes to their origin in this region. Studies of mid-ocean-ridge basalts suggest its convection occurs only in two layers. This structure may contain a post-perovskite phase where P-waves attenuate in its D-double-prime layer. A velocity discontinuity in this region is named for Inge Lehmann. Its upper limit is named for Mohorovicic [moh-oh-ROH-vee-chihch], which separates its uppermost layer, the asthenosphere, from the crust. For 10 points, name this plastic layer of the earth's interior between crust and core.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4825d20878ce45e09aacc05df094a025",
            "input": "Naturally-occuring hormones in this class are functional derivatives of isopentenyl adenine and include zeatin and benzyl adenine. Promoting morphogensis in tissue, chlorophyll production, and leaf expansion, they are most commonly found in meristemic regions but are synthesized in roots and transported via the xylem. Found in almost all plants as well as certain mosses and many fungi and bacteria, are, for 10 points, this class of plant hormones that are most active in promoting cell division and differentiation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b92be36820ca4bb697cb84d85fba2429",
            "input": "One leader in this conflict was killed in the second battle of Ramla and was named Stephen II. Another figure in this conflict was named Peter the Hermit. This conflict was chronicled by Robert the Monk. This campaign began after a speech given by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont. A key battle in this conflict ended when a (*) Fatimid leader fled a certain holy city. For 10 points, name this military conflict in which Europeans sought to regain control of Jerusalem, which was the original campaign of this type.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dda85265defe4e7a9711d30cdf42ea7e",
            "input": "Irregularly shaped compartments of this organelle which change in response to cellular metabolic activity are called paraspeckles, and promyelocytic leukemia bodies are often found in this organelle. The biogenesis of snRNPs [\"snurps\"] is thought to be regulated by this organelle's (*) Cajal bodies, and it can be visualized through Hoechst and DAPI staining. Movement in and out of these organelles is regulated by RAN proteins at its namesake pores, and this organelle is  not found in erythrocytes. This organelle is surrounded by a namesake \"envelope\" which is continuous with rough ER, and it is the site of transcription. For ten points, name this organelle only found in eukaryotes which contains the nucleolus as well as the genetic material of the cell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98e627791c804e05bced080531500f80",
            "input": "A doctor in this work recognizes his friend's lover by the mole on her cheek. While pursuing that lover, the protagonist rides his horse to death in the snow. Earlier, he observes a smuggling operation partially run by a mysterious woman who attempts to drown him. The narrator acquires the journals of the protagonist from an officer who relates the first story in which the protagonist steals a bandit's horse to trade for a local princess. A central duel in this novel is set on top of a cliff and is fought over the protagonist's alleged seduction of Princess Mary. FTP, Bela, Grushnitsky, and Maksim Maksimych are acquaintances of Pechorin in what novel by Mikhail Lermontov",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-099bcb4e97dc4704b3aae7686b18e2c7",
            "input": "These people recorded their rulers' accomplishments on tetun using the only complete written language of the pre-Columbian Americas. Leaders of these people include Pakal (pah-KAHL) the Great and Hunac Ceel (HOO-nahk KEEL) and their myths are collected in the Popol Vuh (POE-pohl VUH). For 10 points, identify this Mesoamerican civilization that created the Long Count calendar and had cities at Tikal (tee-KAHL) and Chichen Itza (CHEE-chen EET-zah).",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6af5b95ab8b94a9e843cea3d414fa757",
            "input": "Count Maximilian von Trautmansdorff was greatly responsible for its conclusion, and France was represented at its negotiation by the Marquis de Sable and the Count dAvaux. Pope Innocent X issued the Bull Zelo domus Dei, which contested all of its articles that were detrimental to Catholicism. This settlement also recognized the Swiss Confederation and confirmed the Peace of Augsburg. For 10 points name this agreement, negotiated in Munster and Osnabruck that ended the Dutch and German phase, or final part, of the Thirty Years War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19b1fdb5b5914a67ae99e6d7c0cbc753",
            "input": "This work ends with, Le roi est mort, vive le roi! Ave Maria! in its last chapter, Farewell to Nemi. Other chapters include Killing the God in Mexico and Homeopathic Magic of a Flesh Diet. Three chapters are devoted to Attis, five to Adonis, and four to Osiris. Several chapters are devoted to taboos, and another chapter discusses the Corn-spirit as several different animals. Its analysis of the Crucifixion was removed in later editions, and this work otherwise caused a scandal for its inclusion of Jesus in its depiction of otherwise pagan gods. Named after an object that (*) Aeneas and Sibyl presented to earn admission to Hades, FTP, name this seminal work of comparative anthropology by James Frazer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d219f36d7d9e4bf39efa74758fb42075",
            "input": "The cooperative pseudo- form of this phenomenon has been linked to the vibronic theory of ferroelectricity. A version of this phenomenon arising from mixing of two or more interacting states was studied by Opik and Pryce. The Ham factor is used to simplify calculations of electronic and vibronic properties affected by this phenomenon. It is frequently observed in complexes where the e-sub-g orbitals contain an odd number of electrons, as in compounds of copper(II). For 10 points, name this effect in which nonlinear systems in a degenerate electronic state distort to remove the degeneracy, which can result in the distortion of a coordination compound with octahedral symmetry to tetragonal geometry. \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-495b77e870fe416aa637c37af027e45a",
            "input": "This country's neighbor tried to prevent other countries from recognizing it through the   Hallstein [HAHL-shteen] Doctrine. For most of the time this country existed, Erich Mielke [AIR-ikh  MIL-keh] headed its dominant secret police force, the Stasi [SHTAH-see]. This country was ruled by   a State Council after the death of its only president, Wilhelm Pieck [VIL- helm PEEK]. For many  years, that council was headed by Walter [VAL-tair] Ulbricht and then Erich Honecker. This country  started as the occupation zone agreed to at the Yalta Conference under the control of the Soviet  Union. Name this country that merged with its neighbor in 1990 following the fall of the Berlin Wall.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40a413a7044f44058740310ec92bfc1b",
            "input": "1. The children of one couple in this work are dubbed no-neck monsters, and one characters illness is ascribed to a spastic colon instead of its true cause. Another character claims that he drinks because of the worlds mendacity. This play tells of Skipper, who refused to sleep with a woman to disprove allegations that he had a homosexual crush on that womans husband. The plot centers on the birthday party of the patriarch of the Pollitt family, whose sons Brick and Gooper vie for his inheritance. For 10 points, name this Tennessee Williams play whose title feline is Bricks wife Maggie.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcda6b6265254d128493966cb44e0d51",
            "input": "Quashed when John Lister's men were defeated by Henry Le Despenser, it ultimately proved unsuccessful due to forgotten promises at Miles End and Smithfield. It was allegedly caused by an unpopular poll tax, but was largely the result of discontent over the Statute of Laborers. It began in Essex in May 1381, and a month later men from Kent had entered London and destroyed the palace of John of Gaunt. FTP, identify this revolt led by Wat Tyler and named for the portion of the populace involved.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82b72441668e47e6944c0a58311448fd",
            "input": "When challenged by Utgard-Loki, this mythological being could not empty a horn that was connected to the sea, nor could he defeat Old Age in a wrestling match. To rescue Loki, he defeated Geirrod with the help of the magical belt of the giantess Grid. At Ragnarok, the foot of Hrungnir was lifted off his neck by his son Magni, and he would later die from poison after killing Jormundgand. The father of Thrud with his wife Sif, this is, FTP, which thunder god of Norse mythology who often used a weapon which always returned to his hand, Mjollnir",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e9019305e214a4cbc2215074300dc3c",
            "input": "His sister Anna wrote The Tale of a Great Sham, which emerged from her discontent with the League of which he had been the president. He was released from prison in return for help in suppressing violence through the Kilmainham Treaty, which brought an end to the Land War. He also gained status due to the deaths of T.H. Burke and Frederick Cavendish in Phoenix Park, which allowed him to displace the National League with his own Home Rule Party. His downfall began in 1889 when his alliance with Gladstone unravelled, and his fate was sealed in 1891 when the Freeman's Journal abandoned him, after he was named in a divorce petition involving William and Kitty O'Sheaa. FTP, name this leading Irish nationalist of the 1880s.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69d96c9e1427463f995ce8ea9fdb5a81",
            "input": "This nation's state of Quintana Roo borders the state of Campeche. In this country, six rivers form the Copper Canyon before merging into the Fuertes River to empty into the Sea of Cortez. One province in this nation contains the Rio Conchos, which joins with the Rio Bravo del Norte in Ojinaga, and this nation also includes the states of Sonora and [*] Tabasco. This country, which contains the Yucatan peninsula and the city of Cancun, has another state that contains the border city of Tijuana. Including Chihuahua and Baja California, for 10 points, name this Latin-American country directly south of the United States.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5fb8d01166054f489a4b789ee3dbfcf3",
            "input": "Chris Wright was the first person to use this reaction with coordinated carbon dioxide nickel complexes and Nguyen performed \"green\" versions of this reaction without solvents to create ethyl trans-cinnamate. Used in the preparation of steroids, this reaction can also be used to produce large yields of unsaturated nitriles. Using excess lithium salts during the addition step allows selective formation of the product and is known as the Schlosser modification. For 10 points, name this reaction that reacts an aldehyde or ketone with an ylide to generate an alkene.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3e53ce430444734ab1024177a46cd6d",
            "input": "One of this author's works stars the son of a priest of the Hill people who travels across the river Ou-dis-sun on a \"god-road\" to the Dead Place after having a vision of the Great Burning. This author of that post-apocalyptic story wrote about falling in love with \"the snakeskin-titles of mining claims\" in a poem that ends with the line \"Bury my heart at Wounded Knee\". Jack Ellyat and Clay Wingate are among the narrators of this man's epic poem about the Civil War, and he also wrote a story in which Mr. Scratch puts Jabez Stone on trial. For 10 points, name this author of \"By the Waters of Babylon\", \"American Names\", John Brown's Body, and \"The Devil and Daniel Webster\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c590bf605e6643678fcfcac4dc93cca7",
            "input": "One student of this man published Passavantius as an attack against Pierre Lizet. This teacher of Theodore Beza was opposed by Arminius's Remonstrants. In his most famous work, this figure claimed, \"as it is in the creation of man that the divine perfections are best displayed,\" and this figure's followers burned Michael Servetus alive. Formulator of the theories of Irresistible Grace and Total Depravity in his (*) \"Five Points\", this man's views were carried to Scotland by John Knox. For ten points, name this author of Institutes of the Christian Religion who led the Reformation in Geneva and created a denomination that believes in predestination.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84a95e9ae1074e4ea29b2e918725d3d5",
            "input": "In some myths, Dionysus earned a spot among the Olympians after getting this god drunk and transporting him to Olympus on the back of a mule in order to release Hera from a magic throne. Erechtheus, a legendary king of Athens, is said to have been produced by this god's abortive attempt at having sex with Athena and sprung from this god's spilt seed. In the Iliad, he is married to Aglaea, one of the Charities, while his better known partner was caught in a net with Ares and hauled before the rest of the Olympians. The parthenogenic son of Hera, identify, for 10 points, this lame husband of Aphrodite, the Greek god of volcanoes, the forge and fire.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c188e8a1d38442182ae3052091b198f",
            "input": "In one story, this figure has a dream in which her plants have caught on fire; she then murders a man to use his blood to put it out. A plant with roots that are all black and whose upper portion is all white is given to a man who visits her domain. As related in the Telegoneia, her illegitimate son kills his father with a spear that has been tipped with stingray poison. (*) Canens killed herself after this woman turned Picus into a woodpecker. Eurylochus escaped the charms of this woman, who lived on the island of Aeaea. Her might is silenced by moly, which is given by Hermes to a man whose followers were all turned into swine. For 10 points, name this sorceress from The Odyssey.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ae272ddf6144794a779944e2054550b",
            "input": "This monarch revived the 14th century custom of obtaining revenue from Forest Laws. His appointee for archbishop of Canterbury used the Court of the Star Chamber to chop off the ears of the author of Histriomastix; that author was the lawyer William Prynne. The state of Maryland was named after the wife of this monarch, who courted Maria Anna of Spain while still the Prince of Wales. He set a precedent by charging ship money from non-coastal cities. He appointed William Laud to one post and convened a body to fund the Bishops' Wars, thus ending a period of personal rule called \"Eleven Years Tyranny.\" This man's advisors included the Duke of Buckingham, George Villiers. His supporters were forcibly ejected by Thomas Pride from the Long Parliament, a body he summoned. For 10 points, identify this monarch whose tyranny led to his execution during the English Civil War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-029de017f39e4998bbd6c29ab02f640c",
            "input": "In one of this man's stories, the main character dies of a stroke after a beating from the guard Nikita and debates Stoicism with Ivan Dimitrich Gromov. In that story, Dr. Andrey Yefimich is forced into his own mental institution. In another story by this author, Dmitri (*) Gurov has an affair with a young lady he meets while on vacation in Yalta. For 10 points, name this author of short stories like \"Ward No. 6\" and \"The Lady with a Dog,\" who also wrote about Trigorin and Treplyov in The Seagull.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-02ced96ae91a4814880c8a3e23af6176",
            "input": "In the opening battle of this war, artillery at Turtukai were used to push forces under PA Dannenburg from Oltenitza. Another battle began after Michael Gorchakov sent his generals a note reading, \"Let's start it.\" That battle at the Chernaya was part of a larger siege during this war that included assaults on Alma, Inkerman and a fort called the Great Redan. Marechal Canrobert allied with Lord Raglan at another battle during this war which included an action called the \"Thin Red Line.\" The battles of Balaclava and Sevastopol took place during, for 10 points, what war between Russia and a French-British-Ottoman alliance",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-59bb422f294e40aa9e43199650248ad3",
            "input": "After a recitative in this opera, a solo chromatically descending line starting on G in the bass establishes G  minor as the key for one aria. The \"Triumphing Dance\" ends the first act, which is followed by a \"Prelude for the Witches\" to begin the second act that takes place in a cave where an elf is told to disguise himself as (*) Mercury; that disguised character convinces a man to leave with a group of sailors, which inspires a woman to kill herself. The aria \"Ah! Belinda\" appears in this opera, as does another with the lyrics, \"remember me, but ah! forget my fate.\" This opera includes a famous example of ground bass and has a libretto by Nahum Tate. For 10 points, name this opera that includes \"When I am laid in earth,\" the first title character's \"Lament,\" which was written by Henry Purcell.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6868cc4ce980428fa89dd43a3acff921",
            "input": "Projects such as ATLAS and CMS seek to find it, which based on electroweak observables, is expected to have an upper boundary mass of 219 GeV. This energy is within the range of energies generated by CERNs Large Hadron Collider when it becomes operational in 2007. The standard model, however, predicts its mass to lie between 130 and 190 GeV, which allows it to function on energy scales up to the Planck scale. As a scalar boson, it obeys Bose-Einstein statistics and has zero spin. This is, for 10 points, which particle first postulated in 1960s that is the quantum of the field that gives all particles mass.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46f6f6d68bbd4200aeaf10fb1ffc7ff4",
            "input": "At the finale of one of this composer's works, the chorus warns \"Gird on thy sword, thou man of might!\" Another of piece his was arranged by Arnold Schoenberg as the Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra, and another piece in that collection has a larghetto musette as its centerpiece. He's not Corelli, but 12 concerti grossi make up his opus (*) 6. This composer of the funeral anthem \"The Ways of Zion do Mourn\" included the song \"Their Land brought forth frogs\" in Israel in Egypt, and also wrote a piece in which Simon sings \"Arm, arm ye brave\" and the chorus sings \"See, the conqu'ring hero comes.\" For 10 points, name this composer of Judas Maccabaeus who pioneered the English oratorio and included the \"Hallelujah\" Chorus in his Messiah.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c169b8c6fe8d408a807250cc772c072c",
            "input": "A double analytic continuation of this type of solution reveals the \"bubble of nothing\" instability of the Kaluza-Klein vacuum, as discovered by Edward Witten. Recently, a correspondence between a chiral half of a two-dimensional conformal field theory and those of extremal Kerr type has been suggested. Above a minimum temperature, anti de Sitter space has a phase transition to a space containing one of these, as shown by Page and Hawking. They have entropy proportional to their area, and a temperature proportional to their surface gravity. Supermassive ones lie at the center of most or all galaxies. For 10 points, what are these objects in general relativity, discovered originally by Karl Schwarzschild, from which light does not escape",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae1482d6ff854b84aba7ebf784cc95fb",
            "input": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge declared its plot, along with those of Oedipus Rex and Tom Jones, to be one of the three most perfect in existence. Because of plague, Master Lovewit has left the city. His butler Jeremy, known as Face to his underworld friends, invites his cohorts to use Lovewit's unoccupied home as a base of operations for their rascally activities. Their victims include Dapper, Abel Drugger, and Tribulation Wholesome, who is searching for the philosopher's stone. Finally, their schemes are exposed by Pertinax Surly, friend to a would-be victim, Sir Epicure Mammon. FTP, name this 1610 Ben Jonson play which also featured the prostitute Doll Common and the swindler Subtle, who pretended to have the titular career.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-061ff6fcb7654f30aea9e2a2ea1a0648",
            "input": "A Temptation of Saint Anthony produced in this country shows the title figure with three decreasingly sized heads stacked on top of each other, draped in an oversized white robe, and seated to the left of a river being poured from a large urn. A picture painted in this country shows three fiery-red figures with large ears sipping juices from pieces of fruit on a table in front of them. The Vegetarian Vampires was painted in this country, where another artist created Two Characters Attacked by Dogs on a massive piece of stone using the technique of Mixografia. Leonora Carrington lived the majority of her life in this country, which is home to an art museum called the Blue House. An artist from this country showed a woman falling through the sky and then lying in a puddle of blood on the sidewalk in the painting The Suicide of Dorothy Hale. For 10 points, name this country where Remedios Varo did much of her work, the birthplace of Rufino Tamayo and Frida Kahlo.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2eb4afc73dae4b9e8cb42005bfef6508",
            "input": "This poet asked \"\"when the ghost begins to quicken, ...is it sent out naked on the roads\"\" in his poem \"\"The Cold Heaven. \"\" He wrote about a place where he will have \"\"nine bean-rows\"\" and \"\"a hive for the honey-bee\"\" in a locale where he wishes to build a \"\"small cabin\"\" made \"\"of clay and wattles. \"\" In addition to penning \"\"The Lake Isle of (*) Innisfree,\"\" he wrote a poem in which \"\"things fall apart\"\" and \"\"the centre cannot hold. \"\" That poem is \"\"The Second Coming. \"\" For 10 points, name this Irish poet of \"\"Sailing to Byzantium. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3bbda86f5744e179e68007927beab04",
            "input": "This composer called his second symphony a \"requiem of wrath\" because its third movement features the \"Dies Irae\" played on the strings at half-tempo and is partially based on the folk song \"Brother Hunter\" about a mother learning about her son's death. He notably used the flexatone in the \"Andante con anima\" movement of his piano concerto written in D-Flat Major, while his third symphony is written in only one movement and juxtaposes an organ with fifteen trumpets. His aforementioned second symphony is titled \"A Bell\" and he wrote suites based on Lope de Vega's The Valencian Widow and Lermontov's Masquerade. One of his best known pieces consists of quick alternations between major and minor sevenths and appears in a work featuring the \"The Dance of the Pirates\" and \"The Dance of the Rose Maidens. \" The daughter of Avanes witnesses the death of Giko and helps entrap a spy trying to steal geological secrets in his ballet about a collective farm, which he wrote a decade before Spartacus. For 10 points, name this composer whose ballet Gayane features the \"Sabre Dance,\" who hails from Armenia.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-68578a00566d458cb251bf175d697df7",
            "input": "His second wife Valetta Swan accompanied him on his trip to Mexico to study peasant markets and later helped to publish his notes as the volumes Foundations in Faith and Morals and Scientific Theory of Culture. During his time at the International African Institute where he met and wrote the introduction for his student Jomo Kenyatta, but he is best known for works like Sex and Repression in Savage Society, Coral Gardens and their Magic, and The Natives of Mailu. FTP identify this Polish anthropologist whose work in the Trobriand Islands resulted in his masterpiece Argonauts of the Western Pacific.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee84c0e8cb9941d3b6086992bdfc0721",
            "input": "The title creature of one of this author's poems \"knew the old no more\" and inhabits an area described as having \"irised ceiling rent, its sunless crypt unsealed.\" In another poem, he declared that \"harpies of the shore shall pluck / the eagle of the sea!\" In one poem, he described a creature who \"left the past year's dwelling for the new\" and \"spread his lustrous coil.\" The narrator of a poem by this author looks to a \"ship of pearl\" and exhorts, \"Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul!\" Another poem by him begins, \"Ay, tear her tattered ensign down!\" and describes the USS Constitution. For 10 points, name this poet of \"Old Ironsides\" and \"The Chambered Nautilus.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89ed5af307034e9ba2f10521c32de86b",
            "input": "Some of the victims of persecutions enacted by this man have come to be known as the martyrs of Madaura. This man served as quaestor on Sardinia after it briefly became a Senatorial province, aiding in a rapid ascent this man achieved thanks to skipping out while the Antonine Plague ravaged Roman bureaucracy. He secured a lasting peace with the Picts and secured control of the Empire after his opponent broke the German legions of Virius Lupus but fell to this man at (*) Lugdumum. Dio Cassius criticized this man's policy of expanding the army and offering them better pay, and after defeating Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus, this man became sole survivor after the Year of the Five Emperors. Taking control of Rome after the death of Didius Julianus, this man's rise to power began in the wake of the assassination of Pertinax. Notably born in Leptis Magna in Libya, FTP, identify this father of Caracalla and Geta, who founded a namesake dynasty of Roman Emperors which lasted until the Crisis of the Third Century.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8cb8bbb27628469a8caf7d9209e37f76",
            "input": "This country's waters are one of the habitats for the coelacanth, Fomboni is a chief town on the smallest of the islands that make up this nation, while Mount Karthala on the largest island is the nation's highest point. Because of the disputed the status of Mayotte, the main islands only include Mwali, Nzwani, and Ngazidja. FTP identify this nation found at the northern end of the Mozambique channel about 180 miles from the Eastern coast of Africa with its capital at Moroni.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-199b46e9544a4f72bd6e7205e60a262d",
            "input": "In one myth this deity laid the egg that would become the world and his association with the equinoxes led to his epithet as the god of balance. His center of worship was at Khmunu and one of his wives, Seshat, was the inventor of writing. He carried the eye of Ra in his role as messenger, but is better known for weighing the hearts of the deceased in his role as judge of the dead. Often depicted as a baboon, he hid Horus from Set after the latter killed Osiris and returned Tefnut to Ra's fold. FTP name this Egyptian god of scribes, wisdom, and the moon, most commonly depicted with the head of an ibis.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f6e472e16df4626833fdf44391a3f97",
            "input": "At the request of Barbara Heck, Philip Embury delivered the first American sermon of this denomination in America in 1766. In 1784 Richard Whatcoat and Thomas Vesey were installed as Elders of this denomination for America and sent there from Ireland, along with the author of A Plan of the Society for the Establishment of Missions Among the Heathen, Thomas Coke, as Superintendent. Those three men then ordained Cokes fellow Superintendent, Francis Asbury. Beginning as a movement within the Church of England and retaining 25 of its 39 Articles, George Whitefield helped create, for 10 points, what church founded by Charles and John Wesley",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f10fd80438a4d31bb9d180368a995b7",
            "input": "One portion of the first part of this work opens with the direction With sudden rapture and concludes with a 36-measure B-flat pedal-point reprise of the opening section. The finale of the first part features a boys choir joined by the full ensemble singing Gloria Patri, a motif featured again in the second part, which ends with a pianissimo build-up called The Sacred Feminine draws us up and another reprise of the main theme, Veni, Creator Spiritus. Following its composers Song of the Night, for 10 points, identify this 1906 E-flat major symphony of Gustav Mahler which is given its nickname due to its extremely large number of chorus and orchestra members.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b649265c01734cd2a348fcb5241167a9",
            "input": "The author of this work attacks the abstract language used by the Peripatetic school in chapter 10 of book 3, entitled \"On the Abuse of Words. \" This work identifies man's association of goblins and sprites with darkness as a root cause of the existence of madness in chapter 33 of book two. Also in Book two, called \"On Ideas,\" the author distinguishes between \"Primary\" and \"Secondary\" qualities of objects and claims that all knowledge is derived from either sensation or reflection. FTP identify this work in four parts, a lengthy work by John Locke that should not be confused with similarly-titled works by Leibnitz and Hume.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fc13010015194647a919a1438be1d8e2",
            "input": "One character created by this author runs his office by the motto, \"Strictness, strictness, and again strictness!\" Mrs. Podtochin is accused of witchcraft in another story by this man that opens with Ivan Yakovlevich finding an object that belongs to Major Kovalyov in a loaf of bread. He also wrote a story in which the Very Important Person is attacked by a ghost after the death of Akaky Akakievich. For 10 points, name this author of \"Nevsky Prospect,\" \"The Overcoat,\" and \"The Nose.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5e318d5e79d4a1fb89cf46857890f7f",
            "input": "This man's daughter Theodosia mysteriously disappeared on the ship Patriot. This man was criticized in a letter penned by Charles Cooper to Philip Schuyler. In one campaign, this man lost a governorship to Morgan Lewis, who received support from the head of a rival party. This man founded the Bank of the Manhattan Company and helped start the political machine of the Tammany Society. In the election of 1800, this man tied Thomas Jefferson with 73 electoral votes, although the House of Representatives decided against him. This man was eventually betrayed by associate James Wilkinson and was arrested on charges of plotting to invade Spanish territories with a private army. For 10 points, name this Vice-President who killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10b72e0683804cc1a3048cb6a0bc373a",
            "input": "Ten years after its premiere, the composer made a piano arrangement of \"three movements\" from this work, including a \"Russian Dance\" and a piece set in the title character's room. The fourth scene features the \"Dance of the Bear and the Peasant\" as well as the \"Dance of the Coachmen and Grooms. \"  Scene one is set at the Shrovetide Fair, where a showman plays a flute to three characters. In scene three, the villain begins worshipping a cocoanut after he is unable to crack it with his scimitar. That villain, the Blackamoor, murders the title character because of their rivalry over the Ballerina, and in the end the title character's ghost appears above the theater. FTP, name this 1911 ballet by Igor Stravinsky about a puppet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef02e963c77a4523bc07320e2ee82046",
            "input": "Its border with the Wirral Peninsula is formed by the river Dee, while other rivers include the Usk and the Afon Goch, which itself contains Aber Falls. The Gower peninsula and the Lliw uplands are found within its county of Swansea, while the Harlech dome is found in the foothills of the Snowdonia Range, which also contains this politys highest point, Mt. Snowdon. Other members of its Seven Wonders include the Overton Yew trees, St. Giles church in the city of Wrexham, and the falls of Pistyll Rhaeadr. For 10 points, identify this state of Great Britain whose inhabitants celebrate the eisteddfod, with capital at Cardiff.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-780bb8dc623f490890ca3b2edd5350da",
            "input": "One variety of this mineral occurs naturally from the metamorphism of dolomitic limestone. That variety of this mineral reacts with quartz to form enstatite. This mineral differs from quartz in that it cannot form from magmas rich in silica. Bina and Wood attribute a sharp increase in seismic velocity at 400km to this material's transformation to its spinel-structure. This mineral undergoes weathering most easily according to the Goldich dissolution series. Its iron-rich version is known as fayalite. These minerals form the majority of the Earth's upper mantle. It is located above pyroxene on the discontinuous branch of Bowen's reaction series, making it the highest-ranking member. For 10 points, name this magnesium-iron-silicate whose green gem form is called peridot.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-561f3a45bb8e40d8b722a758db3d12f1",
            "input": "Oddly named towns near its western border include Overflowing Bay and a place presumably named in tribute to the Boer War, Mafeking. Duck Mountain park contains its highest point, Baldy Mountain, and its official coat of arms is a St. George's Cross and a bison on a green shield, which is set next to a Union Jack against a red background on its flag. It is home to a lake where Black, Deer, and Hecla islands can be found near the town of Gimli and the source of the Nelson River, while its town of Brochet is on the east side of Reindeer Lake and York Factory and Churchill sit on its shore with Hudson Bay. The smallest territorial division of the Lake of the Woods is also found in this province which borders Minnesota and North Dakota. For ten points, name this home of Lake Winnipeg which lies between Ontario and Saskatchewan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6a74ce859c84e55a4e9d7ca172a7afa",
            "input": "After his painting The Croquet Game received some notice, he went to study in France. Eight Bells is considered one of his realist masterpieces, while Prisoners from the Front is his most important war painting. Returning home from Europe, he crafted such homespun scenes as Snap the Whip and Long Branch, New Jersey. In the next decade he found his typical subject matter with works like The Life Line and Fog Warning. FTP, name this American painter of The Gulf Stream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18bd4f245ae9409fa38e99a844ff99ee",
            "input": "One story about this battle says that the baggage train of one side's rear force was attacked by a band of peasants led by three knights, who stole jewels and a crown, leading to a panic in which that side ordered the killing of all of its prisoners. Casualties on one side included Michael de la Pole and Edward of Norwich, while the Duke of Barabant arrived late from a christening party. The losing side's vanguard was commanded by the Marshal Boucicaut, Jean le Maingre, and was notably decimated by longbowmen in this contest which saw the Constable Charles d'Albret defeated on St. Crispin's Day. For 10 points, name this big victory for Henry V in 1415 during the Hundred Years War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc9216cdab0140d2b279815acc2e98df",
            "input": "At the end of the second act, Hafi tries to persuade the title character to accompany him to the Ganges. In the opening scene, the title character returns home to be told by Daya that his house had been on fire during his absence. This work has been called the \"twelfth Anti-Goeze pamphlet,\" as it was written a few months after the author was forced to halt his controversy with Pastor Johann Goeze. The title character's adopted daughter Recha is rescued by a Templar who falls in love with her, but they turn out to be siblings. That Templar had been captured by the man who turns out to be his uncle, Saladin. It is in reply to Saladin's question about the true religion that the title character tells his parable of the three identical rings. FTP, name this play that was first performed in 1783, a work of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ff383f5edbe945e1837b16b6a814e553",
            "input": "The economy of this states rural northwest region boomed in 1950 when uranium was discovered at Grants. As early as 1922, this state had a female secretary of state, Soledad Chacon. A noted shootout in this state occurred after its denizen Oliver M. Lee was implicated in the disappearance of Albert Jennings Fountain. The Civil War campaign in this state culminated when an undermanned Confederate force under Henry Hopkins Sibley defeated E.R.S Canby at Valverde. One of its native peoples was forced to undergo the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo after the Treaty of Fort Sumner was signed in this state. This state was the home of the lavish mansion of the Secretary of the Interior during the Teapot Dome scandal, who was previously a senator from this state. For 10 points, name this home state of Albert Fall, whose capital is the oldest in the U.S., and is called Santa Fe.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71b7cb3fbb474339a835a841ffba7d71",
            "input": "A depiction of this figure by Bartolommeo Bandinelli is housed in the Bargello and is referred to as the Cleopatra one. In the same building is Giambologna's bronze of this figure, which was inspired by another sculpture of him in the same room. That sculpture shows this figure with a faun sitting on a rock beneath his right hand and is one of the major works of Jacopo Sansovino. A huge depiction of him from the 2nd century AD which shows him with a panther was once housed in the Villa Ludovisi. Another depiction of this figure in the Bargello shows him holding a kylix in his right hand and a tiger skin in his left; that sculpture, which notably features a broken penis, was created in 1497 by Michelangelo. A better known sculpture shows this deity cradled in the left arm of another god. For 10 points, name this god who was depicted with Hermes as an infant in a sculpture by Praxiteles.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c7a92990c654eac871903889ac0fa0f",
            "input": "This writer borrowed Emile Benveniste's divide between the system of history represented by the aorist tense and the system of discourse in an essay that outlines the rise of the middle voice and questions the transitivity of a certain verb. Another of his works lays out a topos formed by the referential, symbolic, semic, proairetic, and hermeneutic codes. He may be best-known for an essay that claims that language \"knows a subject, not a person\" and advocates the advent of the \"scriptor\". For 10 points, name this structuralist who analyzed Balzac's \"Sarrasine\" in his S/Z and who claimed that \"the birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Author\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-adece71c75eb415583dc81eeeb4ca1d1",
            "input": "This quantity changes the refractive index of a material in the Kerr Effect. It splits spectral lines in the Stark Effect. The product of it and the magnetic field is the Poynting Vector. Its divergence equals charge density over permittivity by Gauss's Law. Equal to charge over (*) radius squared, it is measured in volts per meter. For 10 points, name this vector field symbolized capital E.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d5eff37952414974aa2732dfa8da454c",
            "input": "Many examples of this relationship involve components that may be separated by reaction with tartaric acid. This relationship, first discovered between cyanic and fulminic acid, may emerge when steric effects prevent a compound from rotating around otherwise freely rotating bonds. (*) Tautomers are rapidly interconverting examples of one form of this relationship. Another example of this relationship occurs between cis and trans examples of the same alkene, a type of diastereomerism (die-ah-STARE-ee-AH-mer-ism). Another example of this relationship, called \"constitutional,\" exists between tert- and n-butane. For 10 points, name this relationship describing molecules with different structural formulas but the same molecular formula.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9869b54c1b34adaad97e514bee80b28",
            "input": "The aria \"Di provenza il mar\" is sung by one character in this opera to comfort his son, whose love for the title character was first admitted to her by Gaston de Letorires in Act I. Later, the title character's new husband, the Baron Dauphol, becomes infuriated with the gambling successes of Giorgio Germont's son, who misunderstands the title character's warnings and storms off. Earlier, the duet \"Libiamo\" is sung at the opening party by Alfredo and the object of his affection, the titular courtesan. For 10 points, name this opera in which Violetta eventually dies of consumption, a work by Giuseppe Verdi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4725bb6edbad4cff9da21ec4a48a3635",
            "input": "This man's earlier works raise the notion that supposedly incontrovertible scientific discoveries are, in fact, the product of social and ethical structures. He would later explain the method that he used in three works based on this notion as based on discursive formations controlled by rules that define the boundaries of thought in a given time. In addition to the archeological method, explained in The Archaeology of Knowledge, this philosopher also used a method to trace the descent of systems of thought, the genealogical method, that he applied in a work about the history of prisons. Who is, for 10 points, this French philosopher and author of Discipline and Punish",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-594c75109443411b84e5a64a10007ce8",
            "input": "One series of works by this composer features such titles as \"Versatility\" and \"The New Classicism,\" those Satires were written four years before this composer's Folksongs for Chorus. A series of trills on one of the title instruments ends this composer's Fantasy for Violin and Piano. This man used a series of ascending fourths and descending minor seconds to symbolize the severity of the title figure in his Ode to Napoleon, while his final works, including A Survivor from Warsaw and Kol Nidre, reflected his Jewish heritage. This man, who composed a huge cantata for 140 players based on poems by Jens Peter Jacobsen, the Gurrelieder, discussed his ideas in such volumes as Theory of Harmony and used \"Sprechstimme\" in his song cycle about a clown. For 10 points, identify this creator of the 12 tone technique, the composer of Transfigured Night and Pierrot Lunaire.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f721b34bc5446c2a05098412f81be97",
            "input": "A minor character in this novel has the last name \"Gv,\" and another character sings the lines \"by two oars guided,\" her \"little barque. . slips. \" The beauty of that character prompts the title character of this novel to note that \"breeding in women, as in horses, is a great thing,\" who christens her \"my Undine. \" That occurs prior to the title character's departure for Gelenjik in the section \"Taman,\" and his arrival in Pyatigorsk is followed by his brief reunion with his ex-lover Vera prior to his flirting with \"Princess Mary. \" Describing the title figure as a \"portrait built up of all our generation's vices in full bloom,\" it is partly narrated by the staff-captain Maxim Maximytch. In a duel taking place on the edge of a cliff, the title character kills his friend Grushnitsky and falls from grace after Kazbich kidnaps his beloved Bela. For 10 points, name this superfluous man novel centering on the adventures of Grigoriy Pechorin by Mikhail Lermontov.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-97a8469ea1b54a3ea7a92592a8eadb34",
            "input": "Shortly before getting his Ph. D., one of this man's first projects was studying the Wishram and Takelma languages of southern Oregon. One of his earliest assignments by his mentor was studying the nearly extinct Yana language of northern California. This man obtained support for (*) Leonard Bloomfield to do his work on Algonquian languages, and like Bloomfield, also wrote a work called Language. It was while heading the anthropology department at Yale, however, that he and a student developed a theory about how language affects the way people think. FTP, name this student of Boas who worked on many native American languages and developed a namesake theory with Benjamin Whorf.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91bddec4201d4ab99fc6f4eec11ca5ca",
            "input": "This chairperson of the Virginia Peace Convention died before he could take his seat in the Confederate House of Representatives, though he died before he could take his seat. Earlier, he had opposed Andrew Jacksons Force Bill and resigned his seat in the U.S. House during the nullification crisis. He may be better known, however, for his vetoes defeating the enactment of Henry Clays American System, creating a rift that destroyed the Whig Party. Despite putting down Dorr's Rebellion, he was not renominated in 1844. For 10 points, name this accidental president, who succeeded to office upon the death of William Henry Harrison.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd1b18d957484912a4e0348af3f101b1",
            "input": "Images observed in 1996 found that this object emits two streams of polar winds which initiate a shock front dubbed a dancing sprite by scientists. In January 2003, Titans transit of it allowed astronomers to use this objects x-rays to measure that moons atmospheric thickness. Iosif Shkolvsky suggested that synchrotron radiation could be emerging from this remnant of SN 1054, a supernova discovered by Chinese astronomers. For 10 points, name this first member of the Messier catalog, a pulsar wind nebula found in Taurus and named for a crustacean.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc701ea465f84f988ceca67de269b2e0",
            "input": "This ruler's chief minister, Georg Heinrich von Gortz, became hated for debasing his nation's  currency through the issuing of copper tokens. This ruler manipulated the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III  into an unpopular war with Russia, therefore making himself the target of an uprising called the  \"kalabalik.\" He was killed while besieging the fortress of Fredriksten, after which his army was  decimated by a brutal winter while making this ruler's namesake \"Death March.\" After two early  victories, he forced (*) Frederick IV and Augustus the Strong to sign the Treaties of Travendal and  Altranstadt, respectively, but he is perhaps best known for a crushing defeat he suffered after allying  himself with the Cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa. For 10 points, name this loser of the Battle of Poltava,  who ruled as King of Sweden for much of the Great Northern War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-440e9cf5c8ca459d948d16160d11bc32",
            "input": "In the phase spaces of continuum Newtonian systems, transitions to this behavior occur at Hopf bifurcations. Important length and time scales for this phenomenon vary as the negative one-forth and negative one-half of the specific power dissipation; those scales and a one-thirds power law governing it in the mean are named for Kolmogorov. The Reynolds time-averaging theorem was created to allow valid physical laws in the presence of this behavior, in spite of its chaotic nature. FTP, name this type of flow which occurs in general at high values of the Reynolds number.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d742233ee93840e4b1095686d1a0a9f0",
            "input": "Among the \"instruments\" of torture on the right part of this work are a giant bagpipe, harp, and lute, and nude figures are devoured by cats, a giant rabbit, and insects. The other two panels are significantly cheerier, with the left panel depicting a nude male and female, as well as an older, robed male in the foreground, in front of a fanciful lake surrounded by animals including a giraffe, elephant and flock of birds. In the central panel, large groups of nude figures cavort with deer, goats, giant birds and enormous fruit. FTP, name this painting in the Prado in Spain, the most famous work by Hieronymus Bosch",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-83242cf0ba2c470e97fd9346d8cb25d6",
            "input": "As a result of this agreement, Mauritius Burdinus was arrested and imprisoned. One man who signed this agreement came to power after the death of Gelasius II, and the text of this agreement was preserved by Ekkehard of Aura. Burgundy and Italy were excepted from one provision of this agreement. This agreement distinguished between the lance and the ring, which symbolized two different kinds of power that would be officially granted by two different sides to this agreement. It was confirmed a year later at the First Lateran Council. For ten points, name this agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Henry V of the Holy Roman Empire, which ended the investiture controversy.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad178646756242a7a195debc488b2f12",
            "input": "The 2010 Tony Award for Best Play went to an author from this country who depicted Ken helping Mark Rothko paint the Four Seasons murals in Red. One author from this country collected such plays as Sure Thing and Words, Words, Words in his series All in the Timing, which also contains his Variations on the Death of Trotsky. This is the home country of John (*) Logan and David Ives. In one play by an author from this country, Don, Teach, and Bobby plan to steal a coin with a buffalo on it, and in another play, that author described the attempts of Ricky Roma and Shelley \"The Machine\" Levene to acquire real estate leads. For 10 points, name this home country of the author of Glengarry Glen Ross, David Mamet.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5cba3d96dc5a4c2a99298bc52fc2391a",
            "input": "The narrator of this poem mentions the tale of the murder in cold blood of four hundred and twelve young men after noting that not one escaped to tell the fall of the Alamo. In another section, a woman watches Twenty-eight young men bathe by the shore. In the sixth of this poems fifty two sections, the narrator suggests answers like the handkerchief of the lord to a childs query of What is the grass The narrator justifies the line very well then I contradict myself by declaring I am large, I contain multitudes. For 10 points, name this poem which opens with the line I celebrate myself, the longest poem Walt Whitman included in his Leaves of Grass.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-68147bb63b9e4930b83c84c5adcfc0e3",
            "input": "In one of this composer's ballets, a castle is hidden by vines for 100 years until Prince Desire kisses Princess Aurora. This composer of Sleeping Beauty included the Waltz of the Flowers and the Russian Trepak in another ballet, while his third ballet sees Von Rothbart turn Odette into the title (*) bird. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa1f93fef2584c108f4d52fb96a6de16",
            "input": "This country's independence was opposed by the Wiriyamu Massacre and Operation Gordian Knot. The first president of this country was a former nurse, who signed the Nkomati Accord pleding not to support foreign opposition movements and was killed in a 1986 plane crash. A right-wing organization opposing the socialist government of this country drew support from such cities as the Beira port in Sofala province, was formed by Andr Matsangaissa, and laid down its arms in the 1990s following the Rome Accords. Since then, Afonso Dhlakama has led that group into the government, though this country's presidency has always been in the hands of a left-wing group founded by Eduardo Mondlane, which was later led by Samora Machel and Joaquim Chissano. The guerilla organization RENAMO opposed the governing FRELIMO group in, for 10 points, what country which achieved independence from Portugal in 1975 and is located on a namesake channel",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b6f1204a7ab4049a54d4400b8df84a0",
            "input": "This city's walls were paid for with a ransom acquired by Leopold the Virtuous, and the constellation Scutum honors events at this city. It's not in France, but bakers in this city apocryphally invented the croissant during a battle. It was the site of a battle where the winning side utilized Polish \"Winged Hussars\" in one of the largest cavalry charges in history. Jan (*) III Sobieski led the Holy League in a battle near this city, after which Kara Mustafa Pasha was executed. That battle occurred over a hundred years after Suleiman the Magnificent's drive was stopped here. In 1529 and 1683, this city was twice the subject of failed conquest by the Ottoman Empire, stopping their expansion into Europe. For 10 points, name this city that became the capital of the Austrian Empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1e4cd1c743b34009a2bc1dd716584131",
            "input": "The values of this property along certain lines are the semi-major axes of the Poinsot ellipse; the colatitude partial derivative of this quantity is zero along those lines, which are known as geometric principle axes. For planar translations, this property transforms by Steiner's theorem, which can be derived directly when one considers this quantity as a contravariant rank-two symmetric tensor. Its magnitude is equal to an object's area of gyration times its mass. For 10 points, identify the material property that is equal to the integral over a body of distance from an axis with respect to mass, is symbolized I, and is the rotational analogue of mass.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d5c0a75653a4dd2b7b2ae30c1bf55a6",
            "input": "This mans The Orators was about the effects of hero-worship, and was written at around the same time as the verse drama The Dance of Death. Around this period, he also started a collaboration that produced such works as a work about self-destroying climber Michael Ransom, The Ascent of F6 as well as The Dog Beneath the Skin. Earlier, this man had written Paid on Both Sides, which combined content from Icelandic sagas with jokes about English schools. His interest in Iceland was continued in Letters from Iceland, while other works inspired by countries include Journey to a War and Spain. The latter was rewritten, along with September 1, 1939, which had been first published in 1940s Another Time, along with other poems such as Dover and Musee des Beaux Arts. FTP, name this poet who wrote Funeral Blues and collaborated with Christopher Isherwood.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ed5c9da8bce4e7e99abd5986759d341",
            "input": "Unlike its partner, it does not change sign under spatial reflection, though it does change sign under time reflection, and its boundary conditions stipulate that its normal component must be continuous across a boundary between media. The great strength of this property for a neutron star results in the formation of two \"hot sports\" on its surface and is responsible for the short timescale of a neutron star's rotational damping. A spin will precess around an applied one, and an equation which states that it is divergence-free indicates that classically, its monopoles do not exist. FTP identify this physical quantity whose behavior is governed by such equations as Ampere's law, the dual of the electric field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-407f37803ca7470bbf0334b70d64919e",
            "input": "This thinker compiled a didactic set of essays on education and religion originally attributed to Lady Mary Wray. That work, The Ladies Library, preceded a piece on Mt. Vesuvius and a work with a Latin title analyzing the nature of motion. He expressed an interest in monetary reform in The Querist and in another essay penned the line, \"Westward the course of empire takes its way. \"In addition to criticizing the theory of fluxions, he argued against Malebranche's representationalist theories by positing that because we perceive objects, but can only immediately perceive ideas, it is virtually impossible for an object to exist outside of the mind. That idea, now known as \"the master argument,\" was elaborated upon in a work written \"in opposition to Skeptics and Atheists,\" as a supplement to his 1710 work Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. For 10 points, identify this Bishop of Cloyne who wrote The Analyst and Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1474a83afc384c1cb40837fe80b46c5b",
            "input": "He studied at the London School of Economics before returning to his homeland and founding the Convention People's Party in 1949 with the slogan \"self government now. \" He was imprisoned a year later but was elected to parliament while still in jail. He was released a year later and became virtual Prime Minister with the title \"Leader of Business in the Assembly. \" He was confirmed in office in 1956 but his regime was overthrown in 1966. FTP, name this leader, a promoter of Pan-African feeling and the first Prime Minister of Ghana.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-41dc6f1624344006b1c01f69e575feca",
            "input": "One work by this thinker posited that \"collective effervescence\" enables a tribe to ascribe power to a totem. This man argued that capitalist societies demanded more moral and economic regulation in order to maintain order than primitive societies in a work that contrasted organic and mechanical solidarity. Another work by him divides the titular action into four types, including caused by \"relative normlesness\" or alienation. For 10 points, name this French sociologist who coined the term anomie and wrote The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, The Division of Labor in Society and Suicide.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-61d5537be7dd46329731116ee0ed8d6b",
            "input": "His father enlarged his kingdom at the expense of the Wendish chiefdoms, and built a line of forts that allowed this prince to win his most famous battle. Taking advantage of internal rivalries among the Lombards, he launched an invasion of Northern Italy to free the Lombard Queen Adelaide, whom he later married, claiming parts of Northern Italy as a dowry. Invading again in 960 at the behest of a besieged Pope John XII, the Pope rewarded him by crowning him emperor. FTP, name this Saxon king who repulsed a 955 Magyar invasion at the battle of Lechfeld, the first Holy Roman Emperor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ff97be857994509ba5bc79cf548346b",
            "input": "Traditions of this event include the recitation of both the Talbiyah and a Niyyah, and participating in the Sa'ee of Safa and Marwah, while it concludes with the Tawaf al-Wada' prayer. A miqat is used to change into the clothing of Ihram during this event, though many of that state's restrictions are removed after a sacrifice on the Tenth of (*) Dhul. Al-Tamattu', al-Ifrad, and al-Qiran are three different ways of performing this obligation, though they each include ramy and Tawaf al-Ifadha: the stoning of a pillar representing the devil and the circling of the Kaaba. For 10 points, identify this pillar of Islam, a ritual pilgrimage to Mecca.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b6e9ce96ee5641c9b9cc7e9c056cad78",
            "input": "This figure was the subject of a murder plot by Giampolo Baglioni, whom he deposed along with Giovanni Bentivoglio. In his early career he was outmaneuvered by Ascanio Sforza and another man, prompting this figure to retaliate by convincing Charles VIII to invade Naples. He called on Duke Federigo to help subjugate Citta di Castello, while one effort to limit the power of this man saw a Synod at (*) Tours dictate that this ruler had no right to launch wars against foreign princes. Convening the Fifth Lateran Council, his best-known achievements occurred after negotiations with Louis XI and Maximillian, leading this successor of Pius III to acquire the territories of Rimini and Faenza from the Republic of Venice after forming the Holy League in the War of the League of Cambrai. FTP, identify this opponent of Alexander VI, the \"warrior pope\" whose patronage of Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo saw the creation of works like the Sistine ceiling.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-64f7ace585794b42ad13c29a35ee33e0",
            "input": "One type of motion at this location is called Slichter modes, and the existence of this location was first proposed by Inge Lehmann. The rotation of this region and its interaction with a region above it give rise to the dynamo theory, the idea that this region is responsible for the Earth's magnetic field, and this region is theorized to be solid despite its high temperature, because of the high pressure here. For 10 points, identify this deepest region of the Earth, located within a similarly-named \"\"outer\"\" region.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-edd8b71c279e408eaa310ca20df70909",
            "input": "After losing a sledding competition, this deity became enemies with a snow goddess. Another of her enemies is a pig-god who was her former lover and who has the power to make solid rock into arable ground. This deity's father possessed a tiny shell which grew into an enormous ship if placed on the ocean. That father responded to this deity's seduction of her brother-in-law by exiling her from their homeland, after which she sailed with her brother, a shark god, to Hana. Once there, she was torn apart and transformed into a god who often appears as an old woman accompanied by a white dog. FTP, name this daughter of Kane Hoalani, a fire goddess who was said to live in Mount Kilauea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9711db4d7f264f1db16f6aa9e08de936",
            "input": "MODERATOR NOTE: Poincare-[pwAN-ca-ray] Resigning as mayor and deputy after failing to mediate between the National Assembly and the Paris Commune, he engineered the downfall of the cabinet of Jules Ferry and also had a hand in the resignation of Maurice Rouvier. Imprisoned on account of an advertisement published in Le Travail, he was arrested, but began a new paper, Le Matin, upon his release. He was called upon by Raymond Poincare to form a government, and after convincing the Allies, he appointed Ferdinand Foch as the sole commander. FTP, identify this French leader who helped draw up the Treaty of Versailles ending World War I.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-675ada63284448dea3b0a7f04ee8528b",
            "input": "A substitution creating a bond between this element and a ligand is used to determine the Tolman electronic parameter. This element's acetylacetonate is used to prepare a complex in which it is bound to two cyclo-octa-diene molecules, which serve as donors of its \"zero\" form. Using this metal as a catalyst in the Fischer-Tropsch process tends to favor the formation of methane. It's not titanium or aluminum, but during the development of Ziegler- Natta catalysts it was discovered that impurities of this element stopped the reaction at 1-butene. The process used to purify this element creates its tetracarbonyl by adding a bunch of (*) carbon monoxide in one step. It's not palladium, but several catalysts for the Negishi and Kumada couplings use this element. The Mozingo process is catalyzed by this element, and that process involves the removal of a thioketal group after protecting a carbonyl. A catalyst containing an alloy of it and aluminum is activated by sodium hydroxide; that catalyst is used for hydrogenation and named for Raney. For 10 points, name this transition metal.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d998a61a6b214c039a2269161e443638",
            "input": "Created as a solution to the Entscheidungsproblem, this theoretical construct consists of a head and a tape. The head may or may not alter its internal state and may or may not overwrite a symbol on the tape. Depending on the input, the head performs an operation such as moving to the right or left or halting the tape. FTP name this device, the basis for modern computers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f96673e279fb4b50bbd7b5f611582fe4",
            "input": "Primary ones can be made from phthalimide anions without danger of overalkylation, a convenient synthesis discovered by Siegmund Gabriel. They can also be made by reducing alkyl azides via either catalytic hydrogenation or treatment with lithium aluminum hydride. They can be converted to alkenes via the Hoffmann elimination, or acylated to form amides. Most of their chemistry is due to the reactivity of a lone pair, which makes them function as bases, and the simplest one is ammonia. FTP, name this class of compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8709e24f0fd048ca901cfe9eb30ca80b",
            "input": "One character in this book admonishes that, even after thirty years of exile in the mountains, you will find that \"\"you do not know anything, you are nothing, and there is no punishment so terrible...that the corrupted flesh cannot tolerate it. \"\" After a bolt of lightning splits a tree in two, the main characters meet that man, the hermit Father Aubry, and his trusty dog. It's earlier revealed that the primary female is not the daughter of Simaghan, and instead her father is the elderly Lopez. Her companion is freed as he's about to be burnt at the stake during the Feast of the Dead. A painting of the burial scene in this book was created by Anne-Louis Girodet. The frame story of the book sees Chactas, the patriarch of the Natchez tribe, relate his adventure to Rene, who became the title character of the author's subsequent book. Subtitled as the \"\"Loves of Two Savages in the Desert,\"\" FTP, name this Romantic novella by the French writer Chateaubriand, titled for its central character, an Indian maiden.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec157fa7a34246e4a490e1d7ccc207c8",
            "input": "In one of this author's works, Edward chooses Rose Bradwardine over Flora Mac-Ivor after taking part in the Battle of Prestonpans, while in another work he wrote about Frank Osbaldistone's marriage to Diana and his various encounters with MacGregor. In addition to Waverly and (*) Rob Roy, this author wrote a work in which the Presbyterian Jeannie Deans travels to London, and in his most famous work, he wrote about a man who saves Jewess Rebecca from burning and gets Cedric the Saxon's permission to marry Rowena. For ten points, name this author of The Heart of Midlothian and Ivanhoe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5459708649e34706b27098217906feb0",
            "input": "During the Trojan War, the Greeks brought his bones to Troy because of a prophecy that only by doing so could they conquer the city. The grandson of Zeus and son of Tantalus, he was cut up, stewed, and served to the gods. He was saved and re-assembled except for his shoulder, which had been partially eaten by Demeter, and which was replaced with a shoulder of pure ivory. FTP, name this king, whose name was given to the southern area of Greece containing the cities of Sparta and Olympia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9435a82c8c8c4a6199e48cbc6d190248",
            "input": "This mans brother was a general who won victories at the Battle of the Angivarian Wall and the Battle of the Weser River. Early in this rulers reign, he had to put down the rebellion of Scribonianus in Dalmatia. That same year, he formally annexed Phamphylia and Lycia as Roman provinces. Forces he sent to another future province did battle with Caratacus under the command of the general Aulus Plautius, and he himself was present at the surrender of Camulodonum, the last British stronghold. His dysfunctional personal life included one wife who had an affair with Silius, whom he executed, and a wife named Aggripina, who may have killed him with poisoned mushrooms. For ten points, name this Roman Emperor, a noted scholar who ruled between Caligula and Nero.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b1ef9e15ddc4e10aee168f3964d4574",
            "input": "This concept was first described by Robert Torrens in an 1815 essay on the Corn Laws, but it is most commonly attributed to David Ricardo, who explained it in On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. It allows specialization in production, and it allows countries to consume beyond their production possibility frontiers. According to this theory, a country should export (*) goods which it can produce at a low opportunity cost, and import goods which other nations can produce at a lower opportunity cost than its own. FTP, name this economics principle which states that a country can still benefit from trade even if it doesn't have an absolute advantage in the production of any good.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5bac9f4707344a6ab0e748f54ba8f0b",
            "input": "He campaigned on the one hundred days of decision plan, which was derailed by his weak finance minister, Walter Gordon. George Grants Lament for a Nation attacked this mans administration for allowing the testing of foreign cruise missiles, after his opposition to nuclear weapons helped him win election over John Diefenbaker. Earlier, in the cabinet of Louis Saint Laurent, this mans role in mediating the Suez Crisis won him a Nobel Peace Prize. For 10 points, name this Liberal Party member who oversaw the adoption of an official flag and national anthem as prime minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3130ceb9fb0a42f4a05a84a36fb761a6",
            "input": "The reaction of this molecule with oxalyl chloride was the subject of pioneering photochemical work by Kharasch and Brown. Hassel's study of this molecule yielded its molecular structure and his 1943 paper \"On The Conformations\" of it elucidated those for the first time. Reacting it with pure oxygen forms adipic acid, which is used in the production of nylon. Its strain energy-bond angle curve has minima at twenty-three kilojoules per mole and maxima at forty-five kilojoules per mole, the former corresponding to the skew configuration, but its stable configuration is non-planar with a bond angle of about one hundred nine point five degrees. FTP, name this molecule having conformations twist, boat, and chair; a cyclic alkane with formula C6H12.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f29303c6cdca4e79824feb6916100c68",
            "input": "The narrator's fourth wife, Babette, is taking the mysterious drug Dylar in order to curb her fear of death. The narrator hunts down the man that sold it to her and shoots him, later taking him to a hospital. The narrator takes lessons in German in order to avoid embarrassment at a conference and is exposed to the Airborne Toxic Event while driving his family to an emergency shelter. FTP, identify this novel about Jack Gladney, chair of Hitler studies at the College-on-the-Hill, whose title refers to the omnipresent transmissions that pulse over America, written by Don DeLillo.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d70f537a9e994c9f96b3aaa3d617138e",
            "input": "He set a riddle for the Timnites about a lion's carcase full of honey, but they got the answer from his wife. He got his in-laws' neighbors to murder them by a trick involving tying torches to foxes' tails. He used an ass, or part of a dead one, for a more famous exploit that killed a thousand men. For 10 points, name this Nazarite and judge of Israel, whose strength depended on questionable personal hygiene practices.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0fa6f55a2774565a9c8d25b4a72f1d5",
            "input": "She was a schoolteacher as well as a poet, and in later years taught Spanish literature at Columbia University. Her first poems to be published appeared in 1914 under the title Sonetos [so-NAY-tos] de la Muerte [MWEAR-tay], but her first major collection was Desolacin [deh-so-law-see-OWN], in 1922. Many of her poems focus on themes of motherhood, children, and love. FTP name this Chilean poet, winner of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature and teacher of Pablo Neruda.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa74cabf9cdc4dddaaf15f7b5b5343ca",
            "input": "This structure was originally thought to be an illusion caused by the black reaction, but its existence was proven by an electron microscope. The GAAP protein located in this structure protects against apoptosis, and its contents are transferred to its lumen. The COPII protein tags vesicles from another organelle which enter the cis face of this structure, which is made up of stacks of flat membrane-covered sacs known as cisternae. For 10 points, name this organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids to be sent throughout the cell, named for its Italian discoverer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f7a78323ba54e5cb3eb86cbc4293f67",
            "input": "This country is the setting of a novel whose unnamed protagonist has a romantic encounter with a woman he gives the mythical name Ylajali; that protagonist nearly eats a pencil out of desperation but refuses a free breakfast from the city because he does not want to reveal his poverty. Another novel set in this country is about a woman who later dies of the plague after breaking off an engagement with Simon Darre to elope with (*) Erlend Nikuasson. The novel Hunger is set in this country, as are The Wreath, The Wife, and The Cross, which make up the Kristin Lavransdatter trilogy. For 10 points, name this home country of Knut Hamsun and Sigrid Undset, as well as the author of Peer Gynt, Henrik Ibsen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cad4f155973046c1aa73c7a91a1d31d4",
            "input": "In Judaism, this action is sometimes performed on the \"Bahab\" days of the months of Marcheshvan and Iyar. In Eastern Orthodoxy, this action is most strictly mandated in conjunction with the Dormition of the Theotokos. In Judaism, this action occurs on days named for Gedaliah, Tevet, and Esther. This action, which is known as (*) ta'anit in Hebrew, must be done for a 25-hour period on Tisha B'av and Yom Kippur. In Islam, the end of a period in which this action is required is the festival of Eid Al-Adha. For 10 points, name this action that is done during the daytime during the month of Ramadan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cbe1b1371ac14da785c0d89b30e14d03",
            "input": "One building constructed by this empire features an inscription telling of Japanese traveler Ukondafu Kazufusa's celebration of this empire's traditional New Year. According to legend, this empire's foundations were laid when Queen Liu-ye married the man who used a magic bow to repel her attacks, Kaudinya, and one ruler of this empire staved off attack by giving offerings to Mongol commander Sabatu. This empire's first month was known as Karttika, which historians determined by reading the observations of Chinese diplomat to this empire Zhou Daguan. Founded when this empire broke away from the Sailendra Dynasty, this successor of the Chenla Empire saw its founder declare himself the chakravartin or \"ruler of the universe. \" Successfully subjugating the region of Vijaya, this empire saw the construction of the Bandeay Srai and Bayon temples. Eventually conquered by the kingdom of Ayutthaya, this empire obtained much of its water from the lake-river system, Tonle Sap. Founded in 802 AD, for 10 points, name this empire most famous for Suryavarman II's construction of the Angkor Wat complex.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9961a56d3b01455992774243bcd07f7f",
            "input": "This country's history saw the signing of the Bulla Aurea by King Andreas in 1222, and the monk Capistrano helped Janos Hunyadi of this country in the siege of Belgrade. A dynasty established in the early 9th Century in this country was defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld by Otto the Great. The 1848 Revolution in this country saw a list of 12 demands, which included secession from its Eastern Neighbor, though more recently, this country tried to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact in a revolution led by Imre Nagy. For 10 points, identify this country whose people are known as the Magyars.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ecb92484dc8844ddbda120cf0393fc3a",
            "input": "Interfacial tension is left unaccounted for by the phase separation model of these entitiesin the limit of low aggregation number, while the predictions of that model converge to the mass action model for higher aggregation number. Their degree of association counts the number of ions in their components, ignoring counterions, while their mass generally refers only to neutral ones and so includes counterions. They never form below the Kraft temperature, but above that temperature they form in a range called the critical concentration; that concentration is irrelevant to inverted ones, which form in nonpolar solvents and result in the hydrophilic heads of their monomers gathering together. Critical to the action of detergents, For 10 points, identify these spherical products of emulsification.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22f205624ea94798ba6f6e9d8d35276f",
            "input": "supercritical fluid of this molecule has been studied for use as a homogeneous solvent, and one method to increase solubility of compounds in that solution is to introduce perfluoroalkyl groups. It reacts favorably with serpentine minerals, and the slow rate of that reaction can be increased greatly through the use of a microwave furnace. It can be reacted with hydrogen to form water in the Bosch reaction, which can be used to create graphite samples for carbon dating, and it can be used to produce a carboxyllic acid when reacted with a magnesium halide. When dissolved in blood, it increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, a result known as the Bohr effect, and it is temporarily added to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate at the start of gluconeogenesis by a biotin-containing enzyme. For 10 points, name this molecule which is added to ribulose bisphosphate in the Calvin cycle in a reaction catalyzed by RuBisCO.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a69cb1424cd84e239e833d9a5894ea7f",
            "input": "When using differentiable functions in classic Sturm-Liouville problems, these quantities are real and may be ordered to form an infinite sequence. When Markov, or stochastic, processes are represented as a collection of probability column vectors, these quantities must include 1 among their number. The determinant of a triangular matrix equals the product of these quantities, which can be found in some matrix A by solving the characteristic polynomial in terms of some variable, obtained when subtracting that variable times the identity matrix from A. FTP, identify these scalars, usually identified as lambda, which solve, for some vector x, A times x equals lamda times x.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-17aead38e6be43dab11299b9813fdb65",
            "input": "one story by this author, Goerge's sister Sophie starts giving him a dollar a week and Mr. Cattanzara and the rest of the neighborhood start giving him respect when he claims he is reading one hundred books during the summer. In another of his stories, the sculptor Rubin puts on a failed exhibition of his driftwood art and gets angry when the critic Arkin says he looks like a Rembrandt self-portrait because of his hat. This author of \"Summer's Reading\" wrote a story in which the student Leo falls in love with Stella after seeing her photograph, although she turns out to be the wayward daughter of the matchmaker Salzman. The title character of one of his novels is accused of ritually murdering a Christian boy and is named Yakov Bok. For 10 points, name this author of the collection The Magic Barrel and the novel The Fixer who wrote about ballplayer Roy Hobbes in The Natural.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1aa2b420d7a7402daf6da8018e831dcb",
            "input": "One of this composer's masses features a Credo in which the first tenor sings four steps up and down the C Major scale corresponding with the Latin words ascendit and descendit, and the tenor and bass omit the standard phrase Benedicimus te in his generically titled Missa Brevis. This composer's motet Cantantibus Organis was used as the basis for a triple-choir mass composed as a collaboration between this man and other members of the Congregation of the Lord's Music. This teacher of Annibale Stabile and Giovanni Dragoni also wrote a Second Book of Spiritual Madrigals and a mass featuring an unusual two-part Agnus Dei written for six voices a capella and specifically designed for the words to be intelligible. FTP, name this Italian composer who may have influenced the Council of Trent's decision not to ban polyphonic music with his Pope Marcellus Mass.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-052e5dbc185040f1acedc0fb19de87bd",
            "input": "The grid of this city was laid out by Robert Hoddle, and a wildfire scorched this city's lands on Black Thursday. The ownership of this city's territory was disputed by an organization led by John Wedge and the captain of the Enterprize. The treaty which allegedly bought the territory of this city from six elders of the Kulin people was quickly nullified by a governor's proclamation. This city was settled by John Pascoe Fawkner and the Port Phillip Association on the banks of the (*) Yarra River and was named by Richard Bourke in 1837, sadly depriving this city of the name Batmania after the man whose namesake treaty established it. For 10 points, name this city named for a British prime minister, the capital of the state of Victoria in Australia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-daf479eb793f4fccb7913d8437db4779",
            "input": "At the bottom center is a squirming white cat. Only two people are watching the main action -- a young child and a nude woman behind the main figure's chair. 2 groups of people mill around, commoners on the left, and Parisian gentility on the right. FTP, name this 1855 work, subtitled \"A Real Allegory Summing up Seven Years of My Life As an Artist,\" painted by Gustave Courbet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-589b2da8036f4d75bdb5bcdba82c2c48",
            "input": "He depicted turbines and conveyor belts as part of an assembly line in a series of works later called \"unpatriotic\". Those works, depicting factory workers in the titular city, were defended by Edsel Ford, and are currently located in the Detroit Institute of the Arts. Timothy L. Pflueger asked this man to paint a mural for the stock exchange building he had designed in San Francisco. The Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City houses his Man, Controller of the Universe, a recreation of an earlier painting destroyed by the Rockefellers. For 10 points, name this Mexican painter, creator of Man at the Crossroads and husband of Frida Kahlo.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34877595f6c04e8585404f152f0f895c",
            "input": "This man's namesake law allows residents of his home state to run for the Senate and the Vice Presidency at the same time. This man's powerful personality was known as \"The Treatment,\" and it helped him pass the Chicken Tax, along with an Immigration Act, a Revenue Act and the National Endowment for the Humanities as part of his signature program. He appointed Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court, and this president used the [*] Daisy ad to win re-election over Barry Goldwater. His \"Great Society\" program failed due to his \"credibility gap\" on the Vietnam War. For 10 points, name the 36th US president, who took office after John F. Kennedy was assassinated.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-878836ffbcc44292830c0b983cf02160",
            "input": "man encouraged collective farms to expel their useless members while serving as Party Chief in Ukraine. This man was mentored by Lazar Kaganovich, who with this man supervised construction of the Moscow Metro, and led to this man becoming Party Leader for Moscow. Later, Kaganovich along with Malenkov and Molotov opposed this man as part of the Anti-Party group. More famously, this man debated in a kitchen with (*) Richard Nixon and demanded a peace treaty between the Germanies, but failed in that endeavor, leading to the construction of the Berlin Wall. This man is best known for dealing with Kennedy in the Cuban Missile Crisis and for being succeeded by Brezhnev. For 10 points, name this man who in the \"Secret Speech\" condemned his predecessor Stalin.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76d06b8ac48740d983999ef9c23d452f",
            "input": "This author wrote three poems on the death of a girl almost six years old, one of which concludes, \"press not heavy on her, O earth; she pressed but lightly on you.\" The image of a lion who spares a hare features prominently in a set of eight of his poems, and Tom Brown's rhyme \"I do not love thee, Dr. Fell, / The reason why I cannot tell\" is said to be a translation of one of this man's poems. In addition to three poems on the death of Erotion, he wrote many poems addressed to a friend who shared his name, one of which laments that the need for patronage prevents the two of them from \"enjoy[ing their] days together free from care.\" Another poem addressed to that friend lists among the things that make life happy \"wealth not gained by labour, but inherited\" and \"neither to fear death nor seek it,\" while a poem addressed to Licinianus extols the virtues of his native Spain. He wrote two collections of poems intended to accompany gifts, Xenia and Apophoreta, as well as a poem addressed to his younger contemporary Juvenal. For 10 points, identify this Roman poet best known for his Epigrams.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8090f1ff014c4f139b7b0c9915bc61a1",
            "input": "Maimonides may have served as this mans physician, and one story claims that this man was unable to afford a funeral because of excessive charitable giving. He lost nine tenths of his army at the battle of Montgisard, and was on his way to fight his nominal overlord, the son of Imad Zengi, when the latter died. This signer of the treaty of Arsuf unsuccessfully besieged Tyre twice and was defeated at Arsuf by Richard I, but personally executed Raynald de Chatillon after his most famous victory. The Founder of the Ayyubid Caliphate, FTP identify this victor of the battle of Hattin, who reconquered Jerusalem and became famous in the west for his chivalry.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c88a3a590e6c45d88a728eb18c326a0c",
            "input": "One of the losing generals in this battle was drunk, and his withdrawal was strongly covered by Kienmayer until he too was forced to retreat. This battle was preceded by the capture of General Mack and his army, which provided the advantage the victor needed, and the actions of Bxhowden during it didn't help. After a forced march that covered 80 miles in 50 hours, the III Corps under Davout arrived, allowing the IV Corps under Soult to take a position that the victor of this battle had feigned conceding, the Pratzen Heights. For 10 points, name this battle, in which Napoleon I decisively routed Alexander I and Francis II on December 2, 1805.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22afaa88225d43298d089dc4d7030eb5",
            "input": "Antimony pentafluoride is a part of the magic one. The Hammett function measures the strength of these. The log of their disassociation constant plus the log of the reduced form over the original makes up the right side of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. According to Lewis these are electron pair acceptors, while according to Bronsted, these are proton donors. For 10 points, name these chemicals such as HCL that lower the pH of a solution.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b421173ec8742f5bc36ae67d34a66f7",
            "input": "A cult of this deity was characterized by the sacrifice of puppies to Enyalio. The eagle owl, woodpecker, and vulture are sacred to this deity. This god exacts revenge for the rape of his daughter Alcippe and is forced to appear in a tribunal held by the Olympians held on a hill which later bore this god's name. With his lover, this father of Harmonia is caught in a (*) net crafted by Hephaestus. Cadmus slew a water-dragon sacred to this deity, who is known for only consorting with Aphrodite. For 10 points, name this Greek god of war.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cdad2e4eda4149f19a337f13c2c963c9",
            "input": "Famous for its production of coffee, rubber, coconuts and tea, this country was ceded to the British Empire in 1815. Referred to as Taprobane by the Greeks, and Serendib by the Arabs, it was a center of Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times, but also now has very large numbers of Christians, Hindus, and Muslims. More recently, the biggest issue in this nation has been the civil war between its central government, and the northern opposition, the LTTE or Tigers of Tamil Eelam. For ten points, name this country separated from India by the Palk Strait with capital at Colombo.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1ce56464b9204c28a88ab4225a3bb9c7",
            "input": "The Alder-Wainwright transition occurs where this changes sign, and Lieb and Yngvason treated it as a monotonic, additive, extensive function. Stirling's formula is often used in deriving its value for a monoatomic ideal gas; that value is given by the Sakur-Tetrode equation. For a microscopic system, it is calculated by multiplying Boltzmanns constant by the natural log of possible microstates, and multiplying the change in this by temperature and adding the change in enthalpy yields the free energy of a system. For 10 points, what is this thermodynamic quantity which represents the amount of disorder in a system and is symbolized S",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6359704c0f9d4e028df73c880cf10668",
            "input": "This man espoused his socialist ideas in Wealth in the Hands of the Few, and like William McKinley, this president served in the Army of West Virginia during the Civil War. A city and department in Paraguay are named for this man because he arbitrated the end of the War of the Triple Alliance. Although he was overridden, this president vetoed the Bland-Allison Act, and the Great Railroad Strike occurred during his administration. For 10 points, name this one term president from Ohio whose victory over Samuel Tilden in the Election of 1876 resulted in the end of Reconstruction.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08e50965c3c74a3280a904f741ff1570",
            "input": "In the Theogony, Hesiod describes this figure as \"\"wily\"\" and \"\"ready-witted,\"\" and his story is also told in Hesiod's Works and Days. At Mekone (meh-CO-nay), he tries to trick Zeus by wrapping the bones of an ox inside its fat. He forecasts the travels of Io in a play by Aeschylus in which he is \"\"bound,\"\" a punishment which results from his theft of a certain item, which he hides in a reed. For 10 points, name this Titan who stole fire and gave it to humans.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe4a05445320494baba34a7bec613bfa",
            "input": "The drug mebendazole is used to treat diseases caused by members of this phylum, such as trichuriasis and ascariasis. These organisms use chitinous spicules during reproduction and are sheathed in a hard protein cuticle. These organisms possess a pseudocoelom and are one of the simplest animals that have a two-way digestive system. Sydney Brenner extensively used one member of this phylum, (*) C. elegans, as a model organism. Many members of this phylum are parasitic helminths, such as hookworms and pinworms. For ten points, name this phylum of nonsegmented roundworms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c89bd1e8b4634d559c0db1ec79e3eb79",
            "input": "It begins with Sir Hugh Evans learning that his cousin, Justice Robert Shallow, refuses to be abused. It ends with Mr. Brook revealing his true identity after having pretended to be an aspiring lover of his own wife. In the subplot, Fenton marries Anne, the daughter of one of the title characters, though she is also courted by Dr. Caius and Slender. FTP, name this comedy by Shakespeare in which Mistresses Ford and Page, the titular women, are ineffectually seduced by Sir John Falstaff.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-097edf52d95e4bc1888a9611eb7653e2",
            "input": "The 1957 album Thelonius Monk with this man includes the Kenny Clarke composition \"Epistrophy\" and cuts like \"Off Minor\" and \"Trinkle, Tinkle. \" His self-titled album of the same year includes \"Time Was\" and \"Bakai,\" while some songs from an album entitled [this man] \"Plays the Blues\" also appear on Live at the Village Vanguard. Debuting on Dizzy Gillespie's \"We Love to Boogie,\" one of this man's (*) post-heroin addiction albums sees him use his instrument to \"say\" the words found in the liner notes, while another album with songs like \"Naima\" and \"Syeeda's Song Flute\" is named after the leaping intervals instrument this man plays. Love Supreme and Giant Steps are, FTP, by what free jazz saxophonist, also known for My Favorite Things",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-acaea4d1ee7d4ae29ce976f9b6fb3fb5",
            "input": "The dedication of a temple at Kangavar calls this character the son of the mother goddess Anahita. In the Vedas, this figure is often paired in a dvandva with Varuna, as theyre both considered gods of the oath. Ranks in his cults included raven, bridegroom, and lion, and he was said to be born from a rock, holding a torch and a knife. When his countrys religion changed, he became a Yazata, sometimes said to be Ahura Mazdas son. All of the caves dedicated to this figure featured a statue of him slaying the sacred bull, from which he created plants and animals. For 10 points, identify this Iranian deity of light, worshipped in the Roman cult of Sol Invictus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb3edbf5b8e24c5192cfd2a6072f50a8",
            "input": "More violence than actually occurred was averted by the parliamentary maneuvers employed by moderates at a meeting at Parkinson's Ferry, soon after its more extreme leaders tried to incite its participants with information from letters gained while robbing the postal service. Despite the passage of a bill transferring some federal trials to state courts, disgruntled citizens burned the home of General John Neville, a regional inspector of the excise that was crippling the economy of the western United States. Collapsing after Washington called out state militias, FTP, what was this rebellion of the early 1790s caused by the taxing of alcohol",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d46ed3c953884f3998fa603be5cd022b",
            "input": "The protagonist of this work is asked how to defend her helpless fame by Thalestris. The antagonist of this work, who is believed to be based on Robert, Lord Petre, is referred to as The Baron. One character--who travels to the dismal dome called the Cave of Spleen--is a dusky, melancholy sprite named Umbriel. The protagonist, who is based on Arabella Fermor and guarded by a sylph named Ariel, is Belinda. Its first of five cantos begins \"What dire offence from am'rous causes springs, what mighty contests rise from trivial things.\" Name this work about the cutting of someone's hair, written by Alexander Pope.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74a89aeec91a450ba700fc9cc9fa4e12",
            "input": "One of his operas includes the arias \"With my mother\" and \"How strange and dead,\" as well as a furiant dance and \"The Dance of the Comedians. \"  His orchestral works include the Triumphal Symphony, the Festive Symphony, and a collection of symphonic tone poems, including one that opens with paired flutes depicting two springs. He said that the finale of a string quartet \"includes a long-drawn out note, the fatal whistling\" meant to symbolize his syphilis-induced deafness. FTP name this composer of the opera The Bartered Bride and the string quartet From My Life who depicted \"The Moldau\" in his M vlast.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80ecf31dc65845bca2c0ed1af0d3318a",
            "input": "This playwright wrote plays titled after heroes who fought in the Trojan War, Philoctetes and Ajax. In one of this playwright's works, Haemon and his mother Eurydice commit suicide after the title character does so herself; that occurs after she defies Creon's orders not to bury Polynices. In a preceding play, this author wrote about a king of Thebes who blinds himself after realizing he has married his mother, Jocasta. For 10 points, name this Ancient Greek playwright of Antigone and Oedipus Rex.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e52a96c544014babb9fea92e0751e31b",
            "input": "One work with this numerical title in D major begins with every instrument playing a whole note with a fermata on a D note, and uses a Landler rhythm in its \"Minuet: Vivace\" movement. Another work of this title may have derived a motive of F-A-F from the phrase \"Frei aber froh\" to contrast with his Violin sonata's \"Free, but lonely\" motif, and that work was conducted at it's premiere by Joseph Joachim. In addition to those works by Schubert and Brahms, one work of this title has a \"funeral march\" for its allegro assai second movement, and had its expositions repeat cut from many performances, and it has a horn enter with the main theme four bars before the rest of the orchestra. Another work of this title was inspired by a trip to Holyrood Castle on the same trip that inspired the Hebrides Overture, and is in A minor, while another work with this title has five movements, with the fourth depicting the Cologne Cathedral in E-flat major. For 10 points, give this numerical title shared by Mendelssohn's \"Scottish\" Symphony, Schumann's \"Rhenish\" Symphony, and Beethoven's \"Eroica\" symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-043e1430f226473881755a19eeb1c673",
            "input": "This dynasty continued a system in which one month out of every five was given to military service by those who lived within 500 li of the capital; that was the Fubing system. A Buddhist savings bank stocked by donations was liquidated during this dynasty and was called the \"Inexhaustible Treasury.\"  Governors known as \"jiedushi\" first sprang up during this period under emperor (*) Xuanzong. A major insurrection during this dynasty ended after Shi Chaoyi killed himself. This dynasty was  interrupted by the second Zhou dynasty when Ruizong announced that his mother, Wu Zetian, would be  emperor. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that lasted from 618 until 907 and faced the An  Lushan rebellion.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b529a674f1de408f8ef9a045b9966a1f",
            "input": "A key moment of this novel concerns the revelation by a drunk known as \"Owl Eyes\" that the titular character's books are uncut, thus giving a hint of his shallow character. While dating the golfer Jordan Baker, the narrator begins to learn about the protagonist, who rose to prominence under the tutelage of the yachtsman Dan Cody. The climax occurs with the murder of the protagonist by George Wilson, who was avenging the death of his wife in a car accident caused by Daisy Buchanan. Narrated by Nick Carraway, FTP, what is this Jazz Age novel, perhaps the best known work of F. Scott Fitzgerald",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98b6b271df5d4c9dbf18b03dc52cb975",
            "input": "Highlights of this opera include the chorus Gloria all'Egitto, the title character's arias Ritorna vincitor and O patria mia, and the \"Triumphal Scene\". One of its unique features is a brief atmospheric prelude that replaces the traditional overture. The plot is fairly simple, involving a love triangle in which a captain inadvertently reveals battle plans to the enemy. The jilted Amneris then has Rhadames arrested as a traitor and walled up in a pyramid, where he is joined in death by the titular Ethiopian princess. FTP, what is this opera by Verdi",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f41aabc408b4497badaef2cd8aa51f4",
            "input": "The results of this experiment were supported by the absence of a realignment in the parallel-plate capacitor used the Trouton-Noble Experiment. The apparatus used in this experiment was rotated atop a stone slab within a mercury pool and made use of a 45 degree mirror that split light into two separate beams. Carried out at present day Case Western Reserve University with the aid of an interferometer, for 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous 1887 experiment that disproved the existence of luminiferous ether.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab856145b5e4493aa32b5eba7eb6b4c3",
            "input": "The last ruler of one branch of these people fled battle after watching his brother Tzazo cut down at\\n Tricamarum. Tribes of these people included the Hasdingi and the Silingi. Belisarius's first great campaign\\n was against a kingdom of these people led by Gelimer. These believers in Arianism persecuted other\\n Christians after sacking Carthage and making it the capital of their North African kingdom. A letter sent by\\n Licinia Eudoxia requesting assistance from their leader Gaiseric led to the 455 sack of Rome. For 10 points,\\n identify this Germanic tribe whose name has become synonymous with destruction of property.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d70b293fd16d42828780bf13ebcd879f",
            "input": "This molecule exerts its effects by binding to its eponymous transmembrane protein receptor, which inactivates CTR1 to initiate a signal cascade, resulting in EIN3 turning on relevant gene expression. Silver salts inhibit its actions by binding its receptor, and it is responsible for the formation of the apical hook of many eudicot seedlings. Sometimes called the \"senescence hormone,\" it promotes stem swelling but inhibits stem elongation, but is best known for its promotion of leaf abscission and fruit ripening. FTP, name this plant hormone, a simple gaseous molecule with formula C2H4.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63519fa3562949e2af96152d237a629b",
            "input": "The final part discusses the danger of a \"Confederacy of Deceivers\" who \"disprepare citizens for the Kingdom of God to come. \"  This follows Book Three's condemnation of \"atheists\" and a frequent return to the notion of a Prime Mover who intervenes in the world. It begins by pointing to an \"artificial person,\" and a body politic that mimics the human body and is the actual commonwealth. The establishment of this commonwealth through social contract and government by a sovereign is what the author desires. FTP, name this 1651 work by Thomas Hobbes.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6dce6b2842bc4e83be639d59fd9b7d9a",
            "input": "One of his paintings shows a man on horseback handing a green cloak to a semi-naked man on his right. Another of his paintings shows people in blue, green, yellow, and red falling over as Christ appears with a white flag. Both St. Martin and the Beggar and Resurrection are results after his move away from Madrid, where his Adoration of the Holy Name of Jesus and Triumph of the Holy League were rejected for El Escorial. Late works like Opening of the Fifth Seal and a shadowy version of Laocoon under blue skies retain the dynamics of his work depicting two saints in gold entombing Gonzalo Ruiz. For ten points, name this painter of The Burial of Count Orgaz, originally from Greece.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e4cc4a210cec41b4a007a49ac56a2d83",
            "input": "The male protagonist of this novel is removed from a clerical job after he proves unable to write anything other than poetry. The female protagonist's husband has an affair with a woman who will not undress, Barbara Lynch, and the male protagonist believes that he has been raped by a woman who carries a baby in a cage and is named Rosalba. The male protagonist's uncle Leo manages a steamship company and offers his nephew a job in order to help him forget the object of his affections. The protagonists are able to reunite after a man dies while trying to rescue his parrot from a mango tree. That man, Dr. Urbino, is Fermina's husband. For 10 points, identify this novel which ends when a ship's yellow flag allows Fermina Daza and Florentino Ariza to carry on a relationship, written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50d4703f71bd49cdb2c2fe6336443d3a",
            "input": "This country's most popular puppet plays in the eighteenth century portrayed couples who performed love suicides. This country's classic forms of poetry include tanka and renga, as well as a shorter form that always includes a season word. The Heian court is the setting of this country's classic novel The Tale of Genji. For 10 points, name this Asian country whose poets created the haiku.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77364b303a744002bb90d0f86cf7593b",
            "input": "Mustapha Matura wrote an adaptation of this play set in Trinidad. In this play's second act, one character makes a toast to \"pirates, preachers, poteen-makers, with the jobbing jockies. \" Widow Quin tries to seduce this play's title character on the request of Shawn Keogh, who is betrothed to another character. The title character of this play is nearly hanged after he attempts to kill his father for a second time by hitting him with a loy. At the end of this play, Pegeen laments having lost the title character, Christy Mahon. Causing a riot at its first performance due to the use of the word \"shift,\" for 10 points, what is this play by John Millington Synge",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29faaba7825b48f7be2fc8a6bf27d476",
            "input": "In one of this man's operas, the daughter of the Marquis of Calatrava, Leonora, loves Don Alvaro; that opera's overture opens with 3 brass unison E's. The protagonist of one of his operas sings \"Ritorna vincitor.\" In another opera by this composer, the \"Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves\" is sung before the Babylonian king prays to God. This composer of La Forza Del Destino and Nabucco also wrote the aria \"Libiamo ne lieti calici,\" a drinking song, in an opera in about Violetta, a \"fallen woman.\" This composer is best-known for a work that ends when an Ethiopian princess is buried alive with her love Radames. For 10 points, name this composer of La Traviata and Aida.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ace42146d0ff4463827564f3c4135e80",
            "input": "One of this man's symphonies features a fanfare with four blows described as 'knocking on the gates of heaven. ' One of his piano sonatas was nicknamed Reliquie upon its posthumous publication, and he stated that 'the devil may play' his Wanderer Fantasy for piano. Like Ravel, he composed Valses nobles et sentimentales, and a singer hears 'the echo from the ravines' while standing on the highest cliff in one of his songs, which has clarinet obligato. One of his piano sonatas for four hands was later published as the 'Grand Duo. ' He set Sir Walter Scott's poem 'The Lady of the Lake' to music in 'Ellens dritter Gesang,' often mistitled as 'Ave Maria,' and his song 'Die Forelle' provided the theme for the fourth movement of a quintet which uses double bass instead of piano. For 10 points, name this prolific Austrian composer of lieder, whose other works include the quartet Death and the Maiden and the symphonies \"Great\" and \"Unfinished. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec597f240e624f269e800c76be084047",
            "input": "A scene at a pond causes one character to mouth off to the title character, after which she is sent to London to join her uncle. The description of a man who has no hat shocks the narrator, who reports the incident to Mrs. Grose. One of the characters reveals that he has stolen the narrators letter to her employer just before his death, which occurs in the presence of Peter Quint. The former governess at Bly, Miss Jessel, stalks the narrator, who begins to think that she and Peter Quint, both long deceased, are haunting her charges, Flora and Miles. Told by Douglas in an attempt to perform the title action, this is, for 10 points,, what ghost story by Henry James",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6697e05baeac4831b2279f5da2a132fd",
            "input": "This author asked the Lord to avenge \"thy slaughter'd Saints, whose bones / Lie scatter'd on the Alpine mountains cold\" in his sonnet about the \"Late Massacre in Piedmont. \" Another of his sonnets describes how soon \"Time, the subtle thief of youth\" has stolen \"on his wing\" his \"three and twentieth year. \" He wrote \"Hence vain deluding joyes\" in the companion piece to his poem \"L'Allegro,\" \"Il Penseroso,\" and foretold the ruin of the \"Corrupted clergy\" in his monody inspired by the death of Edward King, \"Lycidas\". Jesus says \"Tempt not the Lord thy God\" to defeat Satan in the climax of the sequel to his epic poem about \"man's first disobedience, and the fruit. \" FTP, name this British poet of Paradise Regained and Paradise Lost.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a7b76dfe68ff43e4b2cf6e01c61f8422",
            "input": "One character in this story is tormented by co-workers who claim he is in an abusive relationship with his seventy-year-old landlady. After consuming too much champagne, the protagonist of this story is robbed on his way home from a party given by a fellow clerk. One character in this story known only as the \"important person\" is haunted by the ghost of the protagonist, whom he killed by scolding. The title object in this story is made by the one-eyed tailor Petrovich. For 10 points, name this story in which Akaky Akakievich saves up to buy the title piece of clothing, by Nikolai Gogol.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb31d507024c4a3e9cd1c88adda88a62",
            "input": "Only the lament of his Arianna survives. He created the \"excited style\" which is displayed in his The Combat of Tancredi and Clorinda, and his most notable example of sacred work was the Vesprodella Beata Virgine. A longtime maestro di cappella at St. Luke's, he was employed by Gonzaga family of Mantua during his early career. His two most noted works concern a Roman emperor's casting off of his wife Ottavia and marriage to his mistress and a musician descending into the Underworld. FTP, identify this originator of the opera who composed The Coronation of Poppaea and Orfeo.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c944035fe473481c9bff5b564fd4c204",
            "input": "In a book about this painting, Mary Hervey notes that the design of the floor is based on the sanctuary pavement of Westminster Abbey. In the upper left-hand corner, a crucifix is partially obscured by the green curtain that is draped behind the two major figures. Between the feet of these two figures lies an elongated skull that can only be recognized from an acute angle. Above this skull are two tables, on which lie a Lutheran hymnbook, a broken-stringed lute, and two globes. Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve are the namesake figures in, for 10 points, this Holbein painting, which depicts two emissaries to the English court from a foreign country.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b39d320fd694f5893fce84984f04f56",
            "input": "One of this author's short stories centers on a young student hiking in the title peninsula who is taken aback, then relieved, when he sees a young girl running naked from a bathhouse. This author described a man who falls in love with a woman's earlobe in \"Her Husband Didn't,\" which appears in his short story collection First Snow on Fuji. This author wrote about the schoolteacher Gimpei Momei in The Lake, and about Eguchi, who spends the night with narcotized young women, in The House of the Sleeping Beauties. Another of his novels chronicles the relationship between the geisha Komako and Shimamura. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of The Master of Go and Snow Country.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4c5a437714d043e48b1ea8af4a8148c2",
            "input": "Louis Boufflers and Claude de Villars lost the Battle of Malplaquet during ths war, and the Treaties of Baden and Rastatt partially ended this war. The signing of the Asiento was one result of this war, which later precipitated the War of the Quadruple Alliance. Queen Anne's War was an extension of this war, and during this war, the Battle of Ramillies was won by the Duke of (*) Marlborough, who also won at the Battle of Blenheim. This war began after the Bourbon Philip V inherited the throne of a certain country from Charles II. For ten points, name this early eighteenth century war which was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht and was fought over the throne of a certain Iberian country.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-965bc8a9e9f6446a8ccb4b696828c9e2",
            "input": "One of this man's paintings shows its subject being led by Mercury into an Ionic temple labeled \"Securitati Augustae\"; that same subject is presented with a burning candle on a heart inside a laurel wreath in this man's The Triumph of Time. His painting The Honeysuckle Bower is a double portrait of himself and his first wife, Isabella Brant. The 2001 sale of one of his works, which shows a soldier in a blue sash poised to smash a baby on the ground, set the record for (*) Old Master paintings. One of his recurring subjects is depicted marrying Henry IV and reconciling with her son Louis XIII in a series commissioned for the Luxembourg Palace. For 10 points, name this Flemish Baroque painter of a famous Descent from the Cross, The Massacre of the Innocents, and the Marie de Medici cycle, known for his namesake voluptuous female figures.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-393819d3bff545f5ad153aa66ecd2ccb",
            "input": "As inspiration one commanding officer repeated most of Thomas Grey's famous \"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard\" from memory. Afterwards, Brigadier General Robert Monckton, second in command, led  a force of 4,500 through Anse de Foulon, a lightly protected cove two miles south of the target city. The surprised French elected to attack across the flat terrain anyway, but their line of battle was shattered by a sharp volley from British muskets. Thus, it was actually fought on the Plains of Abraham. FTP, name this fierce 1759 battle that saw the deaths of generals Montcalm and Wolfe outside a Canadian city.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ad9c1ce9efa46f59a37a20d672546a0",
            "input": "Alexandro and Viluppo are two noblemen in this play who have a minor comedic scnee, while one character has a monologue that makes reference to two plays by Seneca, Agamemnon and The Troades. Serberine is the server to one character in this play, but he's silenced so that he can't reveal anything. A later edition of this play added a scene with a painter that was entirely absent in its debut. The bribing of Pedringano serves as a method to discover the complicity of Horatio in this play. Andrea and Revenge serve as the chorus at the start of each act of this play, which sees one character bite his own tongue out at the end so that he can't reveal the role that Bel-Imperia had in the murder of Balthazar. For 10 points, identify this play that may have inspired plot elements from Hamlet about the lost wits of Hieronimo, a play by Thomas Kyd.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a39f684c47345109dc9388582ac866b",
            "input": "One leader of this name ruled about twenty six hundred years before the War in Iraq, renamed the Dorian tribes of his city Swine-men, Pig-men and Ass-men, and held a competition over the hand of his daughter Agariste. The more famous ruler of this name was opposed by Cleomenes I after his rival appealed to Sparta and banished this man on the basis of a curse on his Alcmaeonid line. This son of Megacles who gained fame for overthrowing Hippias was reinstated when Isagoras met popular resistance. He spread the four tribes into ten based on area of residence and expanded the Boule from four hundred to five hundred in a series of reforms he called isonomia. For 10 points name this man known as the \"the father of Athenian democracy\" and is not Solon or Peisistratos.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b739c4734905480f95a3cf7ecac2d22f",
            "input": "In one of his essays, this thinker reasoned that just as a diseased limb is amputated to save the body, so too must tyrants be removed from the body of humanity. In one of his most quoted maxims, this man claimed that \"There is no one who loves pain itself simply because it is pain.\" In a dialogue by this author, a soldier on a military campaign has a celestial out-of-body experience in which he observes the smallness of Earth compared to the stars. This thinker sublimated his grief after the death of his daughter into the tract (*) Consolatio, and unwittingly inspired St. Augustine to take up philosophy with his Hortensius, both of which are now lost. The \"Dream of Scipio\" is the last book of this author's adaptation of Plato's Republic. Soon after this author explicated how to live morally in an epistolary essay addressed to his son, titled De officiis, he was executed and dismembered as a result of his series of speeches attacking Marc Antony. For 10 points, name this Roman philosopher and master orator who wrote the Philippics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb866eaba3814b1faad8c0b119baa0cf",
            "input": "One major pathway involving this compound is the tuberoinfundibular one that transfers it from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. This compound is involved in voluntary motor control via its nigriostriatal pathway, and it binds with lactotrophs in order to inhibit the secretion of prolactin, which is a major antagonist of it. It is the immediate precursor of norepinephrine in the epinephrine synthesis pathway. Antagonists of this neurotransmitter are used to treat schizophrenia, and deficiency of this neurotransmitter can lead to Parkinsons disease. For 10 points, name this neurotransmitter associated with the brain's pleasure center whose precursor is L-dopa.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae6a6fcfe07d476e8f60590d251a1b57",
            "input": "Born in 1788, he left home when his mother, a popular novelist, pushed him down a flight of stars. He taught at Berlin and Jena, and then settled down in Frankfurt with his pet poodle who biographers now think may have been a really ugly cat. His philosophy rejects idealism and combines the thought of Meister Ekhart and Jakob Bohme, and he had a signet ring made of the Sphinx tossing itself into the abyss because he believed he had solved all the riddles in the universe. For ten points, identify this philosopher who wrote The World as Will and Idea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da73b4585b3f4707ae338cd551a04954",
            "input": "One character in this novel remarks that southerners have lost the \"Walter Scott dignity and chivalry\" possessed by earlier generations. Another character who has a pet bird named Gypsum speaks highly of the Miss Woodburn and her father, a pro-slavery retired army officer. Other characters in this novel include a one-armed socialist and the charity-inclined Margaret Vance. Names considered for the central endeavor of this novel include \"The Lone Hand\" and \"The Syndicate,\" though it is eventually named for the frequency of its appearance. Conrad is killed while trying to save Mr. Lindau during a streetcar riot, which leads to him moving to Europe after selling Every Other Week to Mr. Fulkerson and Basil March. For 10 points name this novel in which the Dryfoos family's use of their recently acquired wealth goes awry, a work of William Dean Howells.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80d0e5cb2be249879ec328c8a3ca0a42",
            "input": "This thinker summed up this ethics by writing \"what is good is also divine\" in a collection of personal notes. One of his works notes that philosophy's goal is to clarify and to critique. Another of his works asserts that the purpose of one field of study is to decompose statements into atomic propositions. He structured his first major work around seven basic propositions, the first being that \"the (*) world is everything that is the case.\" He later criticized this work for being too dogmatic in one that discussed family resemblances and language games while rejecting the idea of private language. For 10 points, name this linguistic philosopher and logician who wrote Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66a235bfa6c64a4197ad1ce3500c6c4a",
            "input": "This event is represented by Abram sacrificing his son in \"The Parable of the Old Man and the Young.\" In a poem about this event, a boy who is tired of the \"crumps and lice and lack of rum\" commits suicide. That poem is by Siegfried Sassoon. In an unevenly structured poem describing this event, the speaker invokes blood as \"obscene as cancer\" and repeats the word \"drowning\". That speaker cries that the reader would not tell to \"children ardent for some desperate glory\" the title \"old lie\" about this event, \"Dulce et Decorum est\". For 10 points, name this period during which Wilfred Owen's \"Anthem for a Doomed Youth\" lamented \"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98845086aa2f46be9762849a9dde63c4",
            "input": "This artist modified his depiction of a bloody Jesus swinging an axe at a crucifix to paint Christ standing in front of circular black cannons and a broken pillar, clenching his left fist, and triumphing over his destroyed wooden cross. This artist depicted skeletons in academic gowns helping a pregnant skeleton abort her skeletal baby in his painting Gods of the Modern World. This artist painted a giant figure walking ablaze for the dome of the Hospicio Cabaas, and painted Modern Migration of the Spirit, Aztec Warriors, and Hispano-America on the walls of Darthmouth's Baker College as part of his cycle Epic of American Civilization. For 10 points, name this painter of Man of Fire, one of the three great Mexican muralists along with David Siquieros and Diego Rivera.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4aa01bf131eb4c46a1f37d0a516a2730",
            "input": "The works of Carlson & Peeters are often referenced in this work. Segundo is a constant companion in the protagonist's SAC. The Akuda Bar is home to the Paddle Game and a man named Peepers, who runs a shell game. In this game, it is revealed, with the help of IRIS members such as Hahn and Double H, that the group supposedly protecting Hillys, the Alpha Section, is actually a front for the DomZ. Name this video game, in which Pey'j and Jade tries to save their lighthouse-turned-orphanage, which shares a title with a work of Nietzsche.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24ff05f875354e9c9822b57c9787aa44",
            "input": "In this novel, Kolya and Leyda run away together after their mother forces them to dance in the streets singing in French. One character in this novel imagines spending eternity on \"a hand's-breadth of ground.\" The socialist Lebezyatnikov exposes a plot to frame [*] Marmeladov's daughter in a theft, and in this novel, Peter Luhzin's fiancee Dunya eventually marries Razumikhin. The protagonist of this novel confesses to Porfiry Petrovich about his murder of the pawnbroker Alyona, whose sister Lizaveta was a friend of the prostitute Sonya. For 10 points, name this novel about Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov by Fyodor Dostoevsky.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b54f286a222b4afb9570e8c8093b5ed9",
            "input": "In a debate about tariffs with Robert Hayne, he referenced \"\"liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable. \"\" In the Marshall court, he won the case Dartmouth v. Woodward and lost McCullough v. Maryland. Many abolitionists were angered by the \"\"Seventh of March\"\" speech this orator gave. This man served as Secretary of State under Millard Fillmore and John Tyler. After the Caroline affair, he signed a treaty delineating the Maine-New Brunswick border. For 10 points, name this Massachusetts Senator who signed that treaty with Baron Ashburton.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a450dc79bf24b97b4347b0140679a86",
            "input": "Some of this battle's victorious commanders were Augustino Barbarigo (aw-goos-TEEN-oh bar-bar-EE-go) and Andrea Doria (AN-dree-uh DOR-ee-uh). The Real (RAY-awl) was the winning ship of this battle, which was preceded by the siege of Famagusta (fah-muh-GOO-stuh). During it, Miguel de Cervantes had his left arm amputated after being injured while serving on one of the many galleys. Fought in the Gulf of Patras, it saw Don John of Austria lead the Holy League to victory over Ali Pasha. For 10 points, name this 1571 naval battle that helped prevent Ottoman expansion into Europe.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74263fb663654a13bc64bc65dbb668e0",
            "input": "One character in this work loses three fingers after his secret love affair is revealed by Count Jean de Satigny. Another character performs an abortion on his brother's girlfriend Amanda, whose socialist brother loves Alba. At the Red Lantern brothel one of the main characters meets Transito Soto, who uses her influence to free his granddaughter from jail. The main character is traumatized by a rug made from the hide of her dead dog gifted her by her husband, who was formerly engaged to her green-haired sister. She was mute for the nine years following Rosa's death, after which she foretold her marriage to Esteban Trueba at age 19. FTP name this novel about the family of Clara del Valle by Isabel Allende.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d79c9df033c744fd9cc91469f4bb6fa4",
            "input": "This author's only play is about a Greek scientist who invents the steam engine, the printing press, and gunpowder. He described the painter Samuel Mountjoy's imprisonment in a POW camp in the novel Free Fall. Close Quarters and Fire Down Below form a trilogy with a novel about Edmund Talbot's trip to Australia, Rites of Passage. He wrote about the destruction of the Neanderthals by Homo sapiens in The Inheritors. In his best known work, Simon is killed when he is mistaken for the beast by a tribe led by Jack, who later steals Piggy's glasses to make a fire. For 10 points, name this author of Lord of the Flies.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56b2b47b41bd421fa413476787621d31",
            "input": "In Chinese mythology, the lower half of the goddess Nuwa was this type of creature. The blood of one of these creatures enabled Sigurd to understand the speech of birds after he slew Fafnir. Ra's enemy Apep was of this form, and the Ouroboros is one of these animals that swallows itself. In Hindu mythology, (*) nagas were this type of creature that were the enemy of Garuda, which the Aborigines also worship a Rainbow example of. Apollo slew one of these creatures to establish the Delphic oracle, and one appears in Norse mythology encircling the Earth. Jormungandr is the Midgard example of, for 10 points, what type of animal that hisses and slithers",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-16c7c2ab5bf1433a91d7822660fa02b3",
            "input": "This man \"and the Creation of a Superpower\" and \"Memories of\" this man form the titles of two of his biographies written by his son. He opened up new land in the Altay region for farming during his Virgin Lands Campaign, and created regional Economic Councils in an effort to decentralize. After secretly giving a report entitled On the Personality Cult and Its Consequences to the so-called Congress of Victors, he advocated breaking the ice during his namesake thaw. He also oversaw the military intervention during the Hungarian Revolution and formed the Warsaw Pact. Also famous for overseeing the launch of Sputnik I, stationing nuclear weapons in Cuba, banging his shoe on a desk during a Security Council meeting, and holding the Kitchen Debate with Richard Nixon, this is, FTP, which Soviet leader who was overthrown by Brezhnev and succeeded Stalin",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3093d8115b4742b4a5b9b1296e6a361a",
            "input": "In Pope Paul VI's text \"Paenitemini,\" he suggested that this practice should be replaced with ways \"to promote better social justice\" in certain countries. On the Hindu day of Karva Chauth, married women engage in this practice to ensure their husbands' safety. A Jewish variant of this practice takes its name from an assassinated governor named Gedalia. In the first of his temptations in Matthew 6, Satan tells Jesus to end this practice. Jews are commanded to do this during the day of Tisha B'Av, while Catholics must engage in this practice on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. Muslims engage in this practice from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadan, For 10 points, name this religious practice that typically involves not consuming food.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40f1a1f31152458d8971a0090aafaa94",
            "input": "The dihedral angles between these compounds can be represented using a Ramachandran plot and they are bound to enzymes called aaRS. They were created in an experiment that passed sparks through a flask containing water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen and are represented by a three nucleotide long codon. tRNA is so named because it transfer these compounds to the ribosome. These compounds were created in the Miller-Urey experiment and their only achiral member is glycine. For 10 points, name this group of compounds that form the building blocks of proteins.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cf2f7dfe58147dcbffbdba84191bfad",
            "input": "The energy of this effect can be measured by the Chung-Jenkins formula. Semiconductor nanocrystals suppress this effect's namesake cooling in a temperature-dependent manner, while a nuclear version of it occurs in the decay of muonic lead-207 and bismuth-209. Another version produces spectator lines due to the creation of bound states, known as the \"resonant Raman\" version, while a specific version of it is the fast Coster-Kronig transition. In semiconductors, this effect is responsible for a three-particle recombination, while its inverse variety is called \"impact ionization\". KLL and LMM peaks are measured in a type of spectroscopy named for this effect, which was originally discovered in a cloud chamber. Originally discovered by Lise Meitner and competing with photon emission and electron capture, for 10 points, name this effect in which an electron is ejected from an atom as another electron fills the inner shell, named for a Frenchman.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4110c16d69864dd9a5c19ff239b8849a",
            "input": "This country has three major volcanic peaks: Mt. Sahand, Mt. Sabalan, and the largest, Mt. Tuftan. Much of its volcanic activity takes place in the region that stretches from the city of Kazvin to Lake Urmia. In it lie the Kavir and Lut Deserts, which extend partially into the eastern provinces of Baluchestan and Khorasan. The Zagros Mountains lie mostly in its west and southwest opposite its northeastern boundary with Turkmenistan. FTP, name this country that borders the Caspian Sea to the south and is home to the holy city of Qom and the capital city of Tehran.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-654639d9d5fc4281a35477de1545d979",
            "input": "One of this author's notable poems ends, \"He does not know you, Lord\"; that poem is titled after its first line, \"Who never ate with tears his bread,\" but better-known collections of his poetry include The Passion Trilogies and Venetian Epigrams. This author's novel collection of drama criticism  written in verse  is entitled Maxims and Reflections, while he appended more traditional prose criticism to his West-stlicher Divan. In one work by this author, Euphorion becomes an Icarus figure but draws sympathy only from a Homunculus, and that work also sees the central female character's name abruptly changed in the notation. This man's dramatic subjects include the author of Jerusalem Delivered, an intrepid mercenary Knight in the service of Charles V, and a (*) Flemish general opposing the Duke of Alba; those characters appear respectively in Torquato Tasso, Gotz von Berlichingen, and Egmont, while this man's most famous work inspired a \"sequel\" by Thomas Mann subtitled The Beloved Returns, Lotte in Weimar. Known for creating the characters of Margaret, also known as Gretchen, and Mephistopheles, FTP, identify this German sturm und drang author of Faust, who penned the suicide-inducing epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f22ef1af9e144aa094bcb12c39c04603",
            "input": "One character in this work chides his manager with \"you are a shithead\" after another character chews out that manager by claiming \"a child\" would know that \"You never open your mouth until you know what the shot is. \" A plot to defect to Jerry Graff is hatched by Dave Moss, who first attempts to recruit Aaronow but whose eventual accomplice is nicknamed \"The Machine. \" A gullible character named James Lingk is fast-talked into making a purchase by Ricky Roma, and in the end Shelly Levene is nabbed for robbing the sales leads. For 10 points, name this drama about Chicago real estate agents, by David Mamet.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1a49fb785ee44c5a8aa51a48e9e016f",
            "input": "This philosopher was one of the first to apply the phenomenological method to politics. This student of Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger rejected the Western political tradition from Plato to Marx, arguing that the apex of human achievement is not thought, but the active life, dividing it into repetitious, but life-sustaining labor, work which creates objects and a human world, and action - especially of the political variety-new activity involving shared enterprises, in The Human Condition. For 10 points, name this influential philosopher who penned The Origins of Totalitarianism and Eichmann in Jerusalem.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6bf7c88958bf4a03b98b4b3776e54a2b",
            "input": "One dam on this river is located where the Spokane Hills meet the Big Bend Mountains. Along with Canyon Ferry Dam, Garrison Dam on this river forms Lake Sakakawea. This river is formed by three headwater tributaries which meet near a town in Gallatin County; those tributaries form this river in Three Forks, Montana. Besides the Madison and Jefferson Rivers, other tributaries of this river include the Platte and Yellowstone Rivers. This river flows through the Dakotas before forming part of the border between the namesake state and Kansas. For 10 points, name this river which joins with the Mississippi River near St. Louis.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-794dfa222b5440bface2b027d69a98b4",
            "input": "One of this man's novels describes a boy named Tony Nailles, who refuses to get out of bed and is eventually kidnapped by his neighbor, Paul Hammer, who plans to kill him in a church. One of this man's short stories is about a rakish man named Blake, who is held hostage on a train by a slightly deranged former lover, Miss Dent. Besides Bullet Park and \"The Five-Forty-Eight,\" this man wrote a story which climaxes when the protagonist cries after being unable to spot the constellations of midsummer and is further horrified when he discovers his own home to be empty. This man's first novel describes life in St. Botolph's, Massachusetts and features such characters as Cousin Honora. FTP, name this author who wrote about Neddy Merill in the story \"The Swimmer\" and about Leander, Moses, and Coverly, the titular family in his The Wapshot Chronicle.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ecd20ba81c6e4cb29d9036cba2e73c91",
            "input": "One character in this work quotes from Nietzsche that God is dead upon learning that his fathers prayers have done no good. Another character relates the tale of his adventures with the prostitute Fat Violet, and in an earlier scene he tries not to be seen trimming the front hedge. Another character reminisces about her dreams of becoming a concert pianist while alone with the drunken Cathleen, and that character at one point claims she enjoys the fog yet is immensely troubled by the sound of the foghorn. Jamie claims that Dr. Hardy is a quack who would send Edmund to a third-rate sanatorium, and Mary battles morphine addiction in, FTP, what Eugene ONeill play which chronicles the internal struggle of the Tyrone family",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65f1dee5178c41eebf4dae184fecfa63",
            "input": "One indigenous people of this country established a turquoise trade with a capital at Tollan. An earlier civilization in this country constructed the Temple of the Dancers during the Formative Period. A different archaeological site in this country has buildings that exemplify the slope-and-panel style and contains large buildings connected by the Avenue of the Dead. Yet another ancient city in this modern-day country contains numerous reclining figures called (*) chacmools. One of its largest ancient cities contained the massive Pyramids of the Sun and Moon, and this country is also home to Monte Alban. This country is where one can find archaeological sites like Teotihuacan and Chichen Itza. For 10 points, name this modern-day country once home to Zapotec and Aztec civilizations.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca65efefb63a4ad98dfa1796dc1dd024",
            "input": "The Czochralski process can be used to obtain very small parts of these materials, while various recombination processes for them include photon exchange and one named after Auger. The drift mobility and diffusion coefficient of excess carriers in this kind of material can be measured by the Haynes-Shockley experiment, while Andersons rule is used to construct diagrams of the heterojunction between two materials of this type. Whether these materials contain a negative or positively charged current carrier distinguishes the N- and P-types, while adding impurities to their crystal lattices is known as doping. FTP, name these materials which are often found in diodes and transistors and have electrical conductivities between that of insulators and conductors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d7cddd90a374c68808ffc5a03b491db",
            "input": "In one story by this author, a man kills his wife when she stops him from killing the title animal, Pluto. This author of \"The Black Cat\" also wrote a story in which Minister D hides the titular \"purloined letter\" in plain sight. That story features the detective C. Auguste Dupin, who discovers that an orangutan is the culprit in his story \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue.\" Another of his stories details Fortunato's imprisonment by Montresor. For 10 points, name this American author of \"The Cask of Amontillado.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f586e5b7ca23488c83177cc4e40ff730",
            "input": "In this novel the protagonist's husband has recently become a disc jockey for KCUF radio, and her psychiatrist admits to having been a Nazi doctor at Buchenwald. The Paranoids refer her to The Courier's Tragedy, a play that she sees and after which the mystery begins. In the course of executing the will of Pierce Inverarity the protagonist meets the inventor John Nefastis and the stamp expert Gengis Cohen. Ending with the anticipation of the titular part of an auction at which Oedipa Mass hopes to discover more about the Tristero, FTP, name this novel by Thomas Pynchon.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f2d91df423f4aa8b49b98b0ce82bdd8",
            "input": "As soon as the mother and child are able to travel, they visit Gurdwara. There they prepare sacred pudding, called Karah Prashad. Amrit, or sweet water, is given to both infant and mother. The granthi randomly opens Sri Guru Granth Sahib to a hymn, and the child's name will have the same first letter as the first letter of the hymn. So goes the Nam Karan, the first festival in the life of any adherent to, for 10 points, what Indian religion",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5cc1e5f82e349f581422ca8638c3234",
            "input": "It includes an exhortation to write curses on Mt. Ebal and blessings on Mt. Gezirim, and recounts rebellions at Teberah, Horeb, and Kadesh-barnea. It concludes with an account of a character who goes to Mt. Nebo to die; and largely consists of three discourses that character gives on the plains of Moab. The second discourse describes the Cities of Refuge and commands the celebration of the Feast of Weeks and the Feast of Booths, and proscribes a lengthy series of mitzvot, while the third discourse renews the divine covenant. Its Hebrew name is derived from its opening phrase, which roughly translates as These are the words. FTP, identify this book of the Bible which follows Numbers, the fifth book of the Old Testament.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-231f7b5e3b704a0a8ec01a536e137054",
            "input": "He wrote about Mr. Popo, a do-nothing carpenter; B. Wordsworth, a perfectionist poet; and Man-Man, a lunatic-turned-prophet in describing the events on a title street. His nonfiction works include Among the Believers, and he described the trip of a gay government official named Bobby in a fictional African country in the Booker-winning In a Free State. Perhaps best known is his tale of a man who marries into the Tulsi family and dreams of owning his own home. For ten points, name this author of A House for Mr. Biswas, a native of Trinidad.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ab5ea9829e2415dac8cd65146f05852",
            "input": "The Cerro Mac stratovolcano can be found north of the Aysn Fjord in this country, and the Chonos Archipelago is separated from the mainland of this country by the Moraleda Channel. Rivers in this country include the Biobo and the Petrohu rivers, the latter of which drains into Todos los Santos Lake. Lying atop the Nazca Plate and containing the port city of Antofagasta, it has sovereignty over both Easter Island and the Wollaston group, one island of which contains Cape Horn, and this country is also home to Punta Arenas, the world's southernmost city. The Andes covers a third of, FTP, which country, bordered by Bolivia and Argentina to the east, which is home to most of the Atacama Desert and has its capital at Santiago",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e920626666234bda8f7cc04a60ccae7a",
            "input": "This novel contains two references to a character from Romeo and Juliet in the form of a prospective gift horse named Queen Mab. A trip to London reveals to one of the central characters that her love has been engaged to Sophia Grey, and other devastating news follows when it is learned that Lucy Steele has married, though we are deceived as to whom she married. However, the novel ends happily with the marriages of Colonel Brandon and Edward Ferrars to the heroines and John Willoughby nowhere to be found. FTP, identify this novel about Elinor and Marianne Dashwood written by Jane Austen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-165896821a894ed6be988eeba2fd4647",
            "input": "One character in this work talks to the milk shop matron before observing the protagonist at the dock, and another character, named Victoria, claims that a woman begging for milk had talked about the same thing. One character writes letters to her beloved for 17 years before he returns, and Pablo marries Prudencia Cotes after getting out of jail. After leaving Flora Miguel's house, the protagonist is finally warned by Clothilde Armenta, but by that time, the Vicario brothers were on him. FTP name this novel in which Angela Vicario's loss of virginity is avenged with the killing of Santiago Nasar, a work by Gabriel Garca Mrquez about a predictable murder.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae1afa4db8f94374a29b7da07b33c1eb",
            "input": "This ruler, who may have been converted to the Nusayri sect by Sayyed Barakah, fought two wars against his arch-rival Tokhtamysh, destroying Sarai and winning climactic victories at the Battles of Orenburg and the Kur River. This leader of the Barlas tribe destroyed one dynasty when he viciously sacked the capital of the Tughlaqs, and another when he captured Heart and Khorasan and destroyed Neishapur after the death of Abu Said. Before being succeeded by his son Shah Rukh, he caused an interregnum with his victory at the Battle of Ankara, after which he reportedly brought the defeated Sultan in a cage to Samarkand. For ten points, name this warlord who conquered much of Central Asia in the 1300s.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc371eaa952a448d94ecbef3bcc38dd7",
            "input": "This element transitions at much lower temperatures in its lighter-isotope liquid form because its nuclei are fermions and must form bosonic [BO-sawn-ik] pairs to condense. As it is cooled past 2.2 K, the lambda point, it becomes a superfluid, called the liquid two form. Oxygen is mixed with this element for high-pressure breathing work, such as deep diving, because it is inert and less soluble in blood than nitrogen. FTP, name this element, the simplest of the noble gases with atomic number 2",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9bbc74a9bbd645c39ea8282ecec6711f",
            "input": "One legend associated with this deity holds that he and his wife owned four pots, and by breaking them they could send their contents to the surface of the earth. In another legend, this god's name is given to the spirits that stole the maize from the Mountain of Seeds after that mountain had been broken up by a god named Nanahuatl. Sometimes depicted wielding lightning in the form of a snake, together with Huitzilopochtli, this god was worshipped at the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan, and he shares his domain with the goddess Chalchiuhtlicue. For ten points, identify this Aztec deity who ruled the waters as well as the underworld of Michtlan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-038522641f514f57bf76d277f2bc1f19",
            "input": "The work opens with a theme in cellos and basses that borrows from the composer's discarded overture Rob-Roy, and an alternating semitone interval with the lower or upper note is found throughout the work. Concluding with Orgy of the Brigands, the composer imitated the wandering pifferari in the work's second movement, \"Serenade of a mountaineer of the (*) Abruzzi to his mistress. \" First created to allow the composer Nicol Paganini to showcase his newly acquired Stradivari viola, FTP, name this Berlioz work, which features the viola as a melancholy dreamer from a Byron work who travels through a certain Mediterranean nation.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32c1f960d59d40dc9d7c9d8dcbca0df9",
            "input": "This man was the subject of a 1949 Henry Cowell opera designed as a satire against Dwight Eisenhower. He died in exile after a conservative coup led by his successor, Ramn Freire. When his father became viceroy of Peru, he was sent to London, where he met Francisco de Miranda and joined the independentist Lautaro Lodge. He began his public life as a deputy to the Cabildo from La Laja. His cavalry charge at the battle of Chacabuco allowed him to enter Santiago in triumph along with Jose de San Martin in March 1818. FTP, name this descendant of Irish officers in Spanish service, the first ruler of an independent Chile.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92269b501efd40c68b7034e39560a23e",
            "input": "Resistance to this chemical is highly correlated with polycystic ovary syndrome. A modification of this compound that has undergone a glycine-asparagine substitution and had two arganines added to its B chain is commercially important because it readily hexamerizes and this chemical is stored as an inactive hexamer. This signal molecule is activated by removal of its (*) C peptide component to promote the dephosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. When this enzyme binds to its tyrosine kinase receptor, GLUT's are activated to facilitate trans-membrane import of a substance whose export is facilitated by this hormone's agonist, glucagon. For 10 points, name this hormone extracted by Frederick Banting that regulates blood sugar levels.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6895d6a8b93d4807a40d4fde305f56fe",
            "input": "This painting can be dated to the summer of 1660 because it shows an empty bell tower, corresponding to the months when the Hemony firm took down the carillons for repair. The Old Church tower is shown much smaller than its actual size, while the New Church is twice as large as it should be. Depicting (*) rooftops on the Lange Geer canal from across the river, with several boats moored, for 10 points, name this landscape showing the hometown of painter Jan Vermeer.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e612aab6cb8142649648ad5b69b8f9be",
            "input": "Bali received this figure in the form of a Brahmin, inspiring the Raksha Bandhan festival and the tying of rakhi to symbolize love between siblings. The puja named for Kubera and this figure is often performed before weddings, and she is usually depicted wearing red clothes with gold accents. She is accompanied by two elephants spraying water from their trunks, and she rides Ulooka, an owl. The churning of the sea brought up Siva and this lotus-holding goddess, who is particularly celebrated during the full moon and a holiday whose name means \"row of lamps. \" For 10 points, name this goddess of wealth and prosperity worshipped during Diwali, the consort of Vishnu.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b84272763b04be59c0a41e6b09a65e6",
            "input": "In one play by this author, the sight of the protagonist stoking a coal ship causes Mildred Douglas to faint. In addition to that play about Yank, who dies in the hands of a zoo animal, this author wrote a trilogy in which Orin, Adam Brant, and Lavinia act out themes similar to the Oresteia. This author of The Hairy Ape wrote a play in which Mary's addiction to morphine paralyzes the Tyrone family. For 10 points, name this American playwright of Mourning Becomes Electra and Long Day's Journey Into Night.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5acfa52afe545f8b340ef0ffd0e7c07",
            "input": "This poem references a line about Triton in Wordsworth's \"The World Is Too Much With Us\" in describing a clear note born by dead lips after the poet thanks the title figure for its heavenly message. The first verse likens the title figure to a \"venturous bark\" with \"purpled wings,\" and the second verse laments \"its sunless crypt unsealed\" and \"its irised ceiling rent. \"  In the final stanza the poet enjoins his soul to \"build thee more stately mansions,\" in imitation of the title creature's \"silent toil / That spread his lustrous coil. \"  The speaker characterizes the title creature as \"the ship of pearl\" and hopes eventually to be free, \"Leaving thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea,\" in, FTP, this poem by Oliver Wendell Holmes.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-596a6821f0cc4d4591644913862538d7",
            "input": "The main character of this work goes to a cousin named Gertrude in a desperate moment, and this novel contains a poet of passion named Ned. The protagonist of this work comes into possession of love letters that a wealthy mans wife has sent to another man, and considers leveraging them into marriage with the rich man. That character also considers proposals from the wealthy Jew Simon Rosedale, who will use her to gain social position, and she writes two checks at the novels end. She owes $8000 to Gus Trenor that he originally claimed were return on an investment but was actually a gift with the expected return of sexual favors. FTP, name this book about Lawrence Seldon and Lily Bart, by Edith Wharton.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7787da88597540a095356edea2ed9c2f",
            "input": "accelerates the isomerization of one type of these compounds in a zipper-like fashion. The Glaser Coupling results in the joining of two of these compounds, and they can be synthesized through the Corey-Fuchs reaction. Potassium permanganate oxides these compounds to two carboxylic acids, and they can be selectively reduced to a similar functional group in the presence of a palladium catalyst named for Lindlar. The central carbon atoms in these groups have sp hybridization, and the two unhybridized p orbitals form the two pi bonds in these groups. For 10 points, name these compounds containing a carbon-carbon triple bond.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-340b5ee0a7e241d4a89c19e3bce37219",
            "input": "He gave the example of a chicken which comes to expect a never-ending source of food as it is fattened up only to one day then be slaughtered in a work which refuted inductive reasoning as a source of absolute certainty. In another of his works, he regards one of the titular activities as a Catholic practice designed to prevent incest, leading to his expulsion from a teaching post. In addition to The Problem of Philosophy and Marriage and Morals, he wrote The Scientific Outlook and delivered the Mans Peril broadcast on BBC. Jean-Paul Sartre attended his tribunal, where he exposed American atrocities in Vietnam, years after his winning the Nobel prize in 1950 for literature. His most famous work developed the theory of types in mathematical logic. For ten points, name this philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica along with Alfred North Whitehead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8260bf2ed6b544078ddf805555008ddf",
            "input": "This chemical phenomenon was first modeled by Longuet-Higgens, who devised a loop method to represent it. One formulation of it says that if a given type of polyatomic system has two or more branches that intersect at one point, then at least one has no extemum at that point. The dynamic version of this phenomenon is enhanced by decreasing the Debye temperature and happens where the time frame is short. It is comparatively weak in tetrahedral complexes since the ligands are out of alignment with the appropriate orbitals, whereas it is strong in octahedral crystal fields; it's best attested in Copper(II) complexes with 3 electrons in the E-sub-g level. It happens when the lowest energy level of a non-linear molecular system spontaneously attempts to remove degeneracy and form a system of lower symmetry. FTP, name this doubly-eponymous effect, a distortion in chemical geometry to lower energy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39f11061c25e4224ba05b58475f3f6a8",
            "input": "This work cites Proudhon's Philosophy of Poverty as an example of a form of a philosophy to which it claims economists, philanthropists, and humanitarians belong. Its second section advocates a ten-point program which calls for the establishment of industrial armies as well as free education for all children in public schools. That section follows one which examines the history of the (*) bourgeoisie and the proletarians and claims that the history of society is a history of class warfare. For ten points, name this work authored by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, which discusses how the problems of capitalism would be solved by adopting socialism and eventually the title ideology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3c2a72e5ccc418db240debd5f3f1c3c",
            "input": "Cecilia and Sergei Gaposchkin found that a more symmetric subset of these stars found in the Magellanic Clouds are systematically brighter than predicted, and the Baade-Wesselink Method can be used to find their size. The shortest known period of one of these stars in a binary system is 507 days in S Muscae, leading to the theory that most observed examples are on their second or high crossing of the instability strip. Metal-poor examples of these stars are called W. Virginis. A shark-fin curve represents their most distinction feature, which is caused He-plus ionizing to He-two-plus, leading to a pressure gradient and subsequent expansion. For 10 points, name this class of variable star with period longer than RR Lyrae that is often used as standard candles.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43525a71d6a4449488dfee49abf3e997",
            "input": "One of this man's constructs was expanded by the ERG theory of Clayton Alderfer. Douglas McGregor's Theory Y was also based on this man's theories on management, which was expounded in his Eupsychian Management. The Northridge scale tracks the development of another concept named for this man, who wrote about his theories in The (*) Further Reaches of Human Nature. This coiner of the \"Jonah complex\" also wrote Motivation and Personality, which saw the first mention of his \"humanistic psychology. \" For 10 points, name this American psychologist who put physiological concerns below self-actualization in his hierarchy of needs.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cb3c132b5f845a89b09d3b57f6480c5",
            "input": "Before this country gained independence, it was home to rebellious bands of thieves known as klephts. This country's independence movement was led by Alexander Ypsilanti, and succeeded in part because its allies won the Battle of Navarino. Lord Byron sailed to this country to join its war of independence, but died during the siege of Missolonghi. For 10 points, name this European country which revolted against the Ottoman Empire during the 1820s and whose independence movement was inspired by feelings of panhellenism.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b05d4aec961e4c5da9667253697af1c6",
            "input": "The Korsun-Novomirgorod one forms a constituent region of the Kirovograd platform massif. The Degana granite is a type-A anorogenic granite of this origin. They are the cause of the Kirovograd and Priazov (*) transcrustal geophysical anomalies and they are thought to arise from the D double prime layer. Morgan proposed that eruptions originating from these regions produce hot spots. For 10 points, name these columns of hot, buoyant material that originate from the core boundary and pass through the namesake structure.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2faed6e74d8495793a7c6a287b0d2dd",
            "input": "This city was named after the Pottawatomie (POT-ah-WAH-tah-mee) for either \"smelly onion place\" or \"skunk.\" An early road in this city crossed the \"Nine-Mile Swamp\" and Des Plaines (day PLAINS) River. Its Statistical Metropolitan Area includes Kenosha and Gary. This seat of Cook County is on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. For 10 points, name this third largest city in the United States known as the \"Windy City.\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99518910020a4145b73d2dd1ff8d35b4",
            "input": "Malvina Hoffman helped restore some of the works of this sculptor, who persuaded her to study anatomy in Manhattan. Many of his works are housed in a museum at his former workshop, the Hotel Biron, to which he was introduced by his secretary Rainer Maria Rilke. He also taught and sculpted his lover Camille Claudel. This sculptor made his Saint John the Baptist Preaching larger than life-size due to critics accusing him of casting an earlier sculpture from a living model. He used that John the Baptist sculpture, minus the arms and head, as the basis for his The Walking Man. This creator of The Age of Bronze also executed a sculpture of Dante derived from his The Gates of Hell. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Thinker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1c6a4b6b0e74cec98706ef46672d088",
            "input": "Many of the delegates to this event had previously caused a schism at a Society of Friends meeting, which motivated them to form the core of this events participants. Prior to this event, its organizers had been turned away from a worldwide anti-slavery conference, prompting them to organize it, and it produced a notable Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, which among other things, stated that all men and women are created equal. It also produced eleven demands, the ninth of which was the right to vote. For ten points, identify this gathering to discuss womens rights, which was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and held in the latters New York home.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f861929c805f4ba6ad324cc64c354901",
            "input": "This man and Donald Bayley created a secure voice communications machine called \"Delilah\". The Chinese Room Experiment was developed by John Searle in response to one of this man's namesake tests. He showed that the halting problem was undecidable. He devised a bombe with Gordon Welchman that found the settings of an Enigma machine. One of this man's eponymous machines which can perform any computing task is his namesake \"complete.\" Name this man, whose eponymous test is used to determine if a machine can exhibit behavior indistinguishable from that of a human.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53cd421c80a844a39cfcd14d0b194efc",
            "input": "He was the human grandfather of Melicertes, whose mother boiled him in a cauldron. He was also the grandfather of Actaeon, who was the son of his daughter Autonoe (aw-toe-NOH-ey). Another of his grandsons was torn to pieces by Agave, who was another of this man's daughters. Yet another of his daughters was burned to ashes while having sex with Zeus, while his son Polydorus was the ancestor of Oedipus. Before having all these miserable offspring, he was told by the oracle at Delphi to follow a cow and build a city wherever it stopped to rest, although his quest began as an attempt to find his sister Europa. FTP, identify this man who was instructed to sow dragon's teeth in the earth, thus engendering the people of Thebes.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-afbb4bafe4b6431194780b45ee549de3",
            "input": "Consoli et al. discussed data from recent high-precision ether-drift experiments which does not fit predictions made from CMB dipole data for the existence of this object. The GLIMPSE survey showed evidence for the existence of two galaxies in a Bautz-Morgan type I cluster located in it, the ACO3627, which was once known as the Norma supercluster. The Norma, Pavo-Indus and Virgo-Coma superclusters from a \"great wall\" like structure within this object which has no observed backside infall. Some studies indicate that mass estimates for it may be too high because infall in Shapely cluster was not accounted for, and the Zone of Avoidance has hindered the mapping of this object. It lies in the direction of hydra and centaurus, and is causing the Hubble flow of the Milky Way at 600 kilometers per second. FTP, identify this object that gets its name from pulling a lot of stuff towards it.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21e89c25668a4669831eb8504804b26d",
            "input": "It is one of the few groups that favor substitution on a cyclohexane ring in an axial position, due to steric considerations. When heated, they undergo the Curtius rearrangement and become isocyanate groups, which in the presence of water is converted to an amine group. Often used in explosive triggers due to their sensitivity, they behave much like halogens, since their instability makes their displacement easy. FTP, identify this chemical group, consisting of a chain of 3 nitrogen atoms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81fb40dd4a8f489fafb6162155ffa2d1",
            "input": "The highest point of this city is the Hermannskogel. A 20-ton bell made from captured Turkish cannons can be found in this city's St. Stephen's Cathedral. This city's chief park, the Prater, is known for its giant Ferris wheel. This city is home to the Ringstrasse (RING-strah-suh), on which stands the Rathaus. This city is the headquarters for the International Atomic Energy Agency and OPEC, and this city is located on the Danube River. For 10 points, name this capital of Austria.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f9673674a2144e7b831fdb33df9c175",
            "input": "He remarked that he didn't know whether he was running for the presidency or the penitentiary due to the fierce attacks to which he was subjected as the nominee of the Liberal Republicans, when he polled 86 electoral votes but died before the electoral college. He lost much of his following for opposing Lincoln's renomination and for signing the bail bond of Jefferson Davis, but earlier his editorials touting abolitionism and other Republican causes led him to be known as the greatest newspaper editor of his day. FTP, who was this founder of the New York Tribune, known for the advice \"Go west, young man\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-976b76b1240849a79ab8061dc4513181",
            "input": "This politician ran for attorney general of his home state after earlier joining the Barnburners in his party in bolting following the Democrats nomination of Lewis Cass for president in the election of 1848. In one post this man held, he successfully investigated and destroyed the corrupt Canal Ring, and he later willed part of his fortune alongside the resources of the Astor and Lenox families to help create the New York Public Library. In his run for the presidency, voting irregularities in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana caused both parties to dispute the election results in those states, and Florida sent two different sets of electors to the electoral college. He lost his bid for the presidency after David Davis rejected an invitation to join the Electoral Commission, which replaced Davis with Joseph Bradley, a Republican Supreme Court Justice. The winner of the popular vote in the election of 1876, for 10 points, name this man who nevertheless lost his bid for the presidency to Rutherford Hayes.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d62cee0a8764e88810315a59b5750da",
            "input": "On December fifth, a six point three earthquake centered at this geographic location struck a location near the area that the Bantu-speaking Fipa people inhabit. It is fed by the Malagarasi and Ruzizi rivers and is home to a namesake species of sardine. Stanley Falls is located to its northwest near the convergence of its only outlet, the Lukuga, into the headstreams of the Congo. FTP, what is this world's second-largest lake by volume and largest lake of the Great Rift Valley, which borders Burundi, Zambia, the Congo, and Tanzania",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b592fd9757364e4e810a6d590106cfdb",
            "input": "The Maleficent system allows this tool to be used stably in mammalian cells. Proteins from the Argonaute family and Dicer make up the RISC complex that carry out the cleavage step in this process. First studied by Jorgenson in petunias, it is known as \"quelling\" in Neurospora. While it is now primarily used as an alternative to gene knockout, it may someday be useful therapeutically in silencing viral gene expression. FTP, name this tool from molecular biology, so named because it uses double-stranded RNA to disrupt gene expression.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-425d14ffcf7b40528fab684304715df3",
            "input": "The title character of this novel forces Abel Whittle to come to work without his pants to punish him for tardiness, and later he is infuriated when the carnival he planned is rained out while the indoor dance organized by his rival is a success. Jopp accidentally reveals the content of secret letters, which leads to the town organizing a parade featuring effigies of the title character and his lover Lucetta Templeton, and eventually the title character's step-daughter Elizabeth-Jane marries his rival Donald Farfrae. Elizabeth is sold to a sailor for five guineas, in, for 10 points, this novel about Michael Henchard by Thomas Hardy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b7dafccbe7a42d88923a99db647b7ae",
            "input": "Jonathan finds that his bicycle is still standing in this authors \"Civil Peace,\" and Nwibe runs through town naked in \"The Mad Man. \" Sams dictatorship in Kangan is opposed by Chris and Ikem in his most recent work, while T.K. Winterbottom feuds with Ezelu in another of his novels. He created a character who commits suicide after killing a court messenger, because the rest of Umuofia will not join his revolt against the British. For 10 points, name this author of Anthills of the Savannah who created Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d5e37b51d3b40fca09ba32d654f3d0c",
            "input": "Mobility is related to the zeta potential, dielectric constant, and this quantity in the Smoluchowski equation. For gases, the variation of this quantity with temperature is given by Sutherland's formula. Measured with a Zahn cup, this quantity is squared in the Grashof number, and the ratio of this quantity to thermal diffusivity is the Prandtl number. When this quantity is zero, the Euler equations correspond to the NavierStokes equations. Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to this quantity, which is constant for Newtonian fluids. Measured in poise [PWAHZ], this quantity is zero for superfluids. For 10 points, name this internal friction of a fluid that tends to resist its flow.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69ceaf900d414bc5982e2a15168575cc",
            "input": "One movement of this work was described as a \"black pearl,\" and the standard Schirmer edition of this work was prepared by Ralph Kirkpatrick. Glenn Gould referred to one movement as the \"perfect Good Friday spell,\" and the eleventh movement is a four-voice fughetta The composer was introduced to this piece's dedicatee by Count Kaiserling, who gave him 100 louis-d'or as a reward. The penultimate section of this work is based on multiple folk songs including \"I have so long been away from you\" and \"Cabbage and turnips have driven me away. \" That movement is a quodlibet, while every third movement of this work is a canon, and this work was originally published as the fourth Clavier-bung. The final movement is a note-for-note repeat of the opening aria. Featuring 30 inner movements sandwiched between an aria and aria da capo, for 10 points, name this set of variations for harpsichord with two manuals.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-140b9dda26884e24b279b53d4495100b",
            "input": "One of its members published visual poems under the pseudonym I.K. Bonset and created the journal Mecano. Art Concret was founded toward the end of the prominence of this group, which in its early years included Vilmos Huszar and J.J.P. Oud. Word painting was the subject of its second manifesto, while the first discussed its goal of finding a new imagery. Works by its members include Ouds Caf de Unie and the Schrder house, which leans more toward its later Elementarism than its original Neo-Plasticism. FTP name this art movement and journal founded by Theo van Doesburg and exemplified by Piet Mondrian.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1238fc376824b989d038b4d744f034f",
            "input": "One composer from this country completed two parts of a projected thirteen-work cycle based on Hermann Broch's The Death of Virgil. One man from this country, which is not the Czech Republic, abandoned his opera Roussalka upon being diagnosed with neurasthenia. A Baroque music ensemble led by William Christie takes its name from an opera by another composer from here, and this country names the augmented sixth chord that contains the unaltered second scale degree. One composer from this country used \"non-retrogradable\" rhythms in the first and sixth movements of his best-known chamber work. That composer also theorized seven (*) \"modes of limited transposition\" in his book The Technique of My Musical Language and include statue, flower, and love themes in an orchestral work that prominently features the ondes Martenot. Another work by that composer from here contains the \"Abyss of the Birds\" movement and was composed in a prisoner-of-war camp. For 10 points, name this country, the birthplace of the composer of the Turangalila-Symphonie and the Quartet for the End of Time.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49eef443e54f42d49b4997cb8a8ea559",
            "input": "Hugh Aitken wrote a suite for flute and orchestra in which this man is \"remembered. \"  Castel allegedly introduced this man to the bird songs noted in Kircher's Musurgia Universalis, which can be heard in his The Call of the Birds and The Hen. Leopold Godowsky wrote piano arrangements of his \"Tambourin\" and \"Rigaudon,\" while his four grand motets reflect his origins as a church organist in Clermont. The author of exotic operas such as Samson and Zoroastre and a treatise which introduced a new system of theoretical music, he is better-known for his use of classical myths in works like Dardanus and The Festivals of Hebe. FTP name this French composer who engaged Pergolesi in the War of the Buffoons and composed the operas Hyppolyte et Aricie and Castor et Pollux.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b611ef367e42408bbb2f3f90c74309db",
            "input": "This ruler successfully defeated Chnodomarius at the Battle of Strasbourg, capping his campaigns against the Alamanni. This man wrote a satire of his own habits directed at the citizens of Antioch in which he ridiculed his beard, the Misopogon. During a rest stop in Paris, his troops mutinied and declared him emperor, which almost prompted a civil war between this man and Constanius II. He was slain shortly after his victory at Ctesiphon, where he defeated the armies of Shapur II's Sassanid Empire. As emperor, he rejected both the tetrarchal system of Diocletian and the religious values of Constantine. For 10 points, name this Roman Emperor from 355 to 363 CE, whose epithet refers to his Christian paganism in favor of the traditional Roman religion.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f650b6a3fe242b6a3ad54feb6dc5b46",
            "input": "Only one page survives of a work by this man subtitled \"A Pedagogic Overture\" and written to accompany a planned ballet co-written by Percy Wyndham Lewis. This composer of Dr. Syntax scored the film The First of the Few, from which he extracted his Spitfire Prelude and Fugue. His second and last opera was billed as an \"Extravaganza in One Act\" and was composed to a libretto written by Paul Dehn based on a Chekhov play. This composer of the coronation marches, Orb and Sceptre and Crown Imperial wrote the operas The Bear and Troilus and Cressida. He gained early fame for his orchestral setting of Edith Sitwell's Faade poems, but is best-known for setting texts from Psalms, Revelation, and Daniel to music. For 10 points, identify this twentieth-century British composer of the oratorio Belshazzar's Feast.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6adc7a241dc84e39a9800f68eda6f388",
            "input": "Rosenberg built the \"Room of the Gladiators\" in his home specifically to house works he commissioned this man to create. Six orange and white flags appear behind the half-naked title figures of one of this man's paintings, while another features a display case housing five crackers on a blue background. A notable portrait by this man, who signed his later works \"Pictor Optimus,\" features a bust of its subject wearing frameless sunglasses, and another of this man's works inspired a poem by Silvia Plath that asks about ladies \"with heads like darning-eggs. \" Marble sculptures of women lying on stone blocks appear in his Ariadne and Soothsayer's Recompense, while a large marble head appears with a glove and a green ball in his Love Song . Better-known works include The Disquieting Muse and Enigma of an Autumn Afternoon, but he is most famous for a work depicting a lone girl pushing a hoop down an alley. For ten points name this surrealist painter of Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3cbcea80c3b4440bd7ada56f2f2b26b",
            "input": "In one of his novels, he tells the story of a sixteen-year-old boy who travels to Mexico by horseback with two friends after learning that his familys ranch is to be sold. That novel, the first in his Border trilogy, is followed up by The Crossing and Cities of the Plain. In addition to All the Pretty Horses, this man wrote about a teenage runaway known as the kid who joins the Glanton Gang in Blood Meridian. His most recent work is a post-apocalyptic tale of father and son. Another of his books was adapted into an Academy Award-winning movie. For 10 points, identify this Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Road and No Country for Old Men.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ed6b1a6f4b2426c9cf4ff291df7391c",
            "input": "This man will examine challenges to the Washington Consensus in his upcoming book Hopes and Prospects. He refers to the gap between knowledge and experience as \"Plato's Problem\" in reference to the Meno, and further claims that much of what children learn must be innate, which he dubs the \"poverty of the stimulus. \" His early ideas can be seen in his doctoral thesis Transformational Analysis. He also published The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory, and in one of his work he demonstrated potential flaws in statistical models with the sentence \"colorless green ideas sleep furiously. For ten points, name this pioneer of the theory of generative grammar and author of Syntactic Structures, a linguist from MIT.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18e1b565bcde4031a87dc14995dbb101",
            "input": "One of this artist's works consists of four canvases linked together in the same manner as the Isenheim altarpiece and is called Vox Angelica, and this painter published a \"novel\" consisting of 124 captioned pictures entitled The Woman with 100 Heads. Hats are linked together to form phallic pillars in his The Hat Makes the Man, and another work features Raphael wearing a beret while the artist himself sits on Fyodor Dostoevsky's knee. Besides A Friends' Reunion, he portrayed a headless nude mannequin stretching her hand out to a bull's head connected by a hose-like structure to the bulk of the title animal in another work. One of his paintings has a small wooden fence glued to the canvas as a figure on top of a building holds a red and blue disk, and he developed a technique which was inspired by looking at floorboards and uses a drawing tool to make a rubbing over the surface. For 10 points, name this painter of The Elephent Celebes and Two Children are Threatened by a Nightingale, a German surrealist who developed frattage and grottage.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03ed89df058140d2866e3cffbc108ad2",
            "input": "Cell bodies in which this substance has not yet been synthesized are called etioplasts. The synthesis of this substance is stimulated by cytokinin and can be inhibited by iron deficiency. Its catabolism is accompanied by an increase in pheophytin a and results in its conversion into a set of tetrapyrrole compounds. This porphyrin contains a central (*) magnesium ion, and its \"E\" type is found only in two species of golden algae. It is located in structures that are arranged in grana, thylakoids, where it is arranged with protein complexes called photosystems. For 10 points, name this green plant pigment that helps capture light energy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-740538b2a6ff4575bf3b68ba5ebeb4f2",
            "input": "A more advanced form of this quantity is symbolized J and is called the density of this. In one case that density is equal to the permittivity of free space times the time derivative of the electric field. That case was introduced by Maxwell and is called the displacement of this quantity. One law states that its sum about at a junction is zero. It is measured by an (*) ammeter (AM-ee-ter) and is equal to voltage divided by resistance according to Ohm's Law. This quantity is measured in amperes. For 10 points, name this rate of charge, which can be viewed as direct or alternating.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5534f29de4a495aa6d06d565101ed3f",
            "input": "highest point in this city is Monte Mario hill, which has been used for research on erosion that occurs during urban expansion. Just north of this city are the mouths of the Cremera and Allia rivers; the latter was the site of an important battle in this city's early history. An early bridge built in this location using an island in the middle of this city's central river was the Pons Sublicus, a location now near the center of the city. This city contains the mouth of the Aniene river, which was the source of the Anio Vetus and Anio Novus. A notable piece of architecture in this city links the Trinit dei Monti and the Piazza di Spagna, a set of stairs called the Spanish Steps, whose base is near the Barcaccia Fountain designed by Bernini. For 10 points, name this city, home to the Trevi fountain, which lies on the bank of the Tiber River.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b702b6dadf44b81ae181f50344d6cd9",
            "input": "An organic halide reacts with an organic group bound to this element in the Negishi coupling, and a thioester reacts with an organic group bound to a halide and to this element in the Fukuyama coupling. Besides aluminum, indium, and tin, it can be used as a catalyst in the Barbier reaction, and beta-hydroxy esters are formed from the reaction of aldehydes and alpha-hydroxy esters in the presence of this element in the Reformatsky reaction. In the Simmons-Smith reaction, it forms a metal complex with copper, and like Grignard reagents, organic groups bound to it have a Schlenk equilibrium. FTP name this metal that also has uses as a sacrificial anode and in galvanizing steel, which has a namesake DNA-binding finger protein and is element number 30.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a483292f0584590b8ceebbd2e23769e",
            "input": "In a collaboration with Jean-Michel Basquiat, this man overlaid colors on Da Vinci's Last Supper, and he used two reels of film projected simultaneously in Chelsea Girls. His films were shown at \"Exploding Plastic Inevitables\" he hosted where performers included The(*) Velvet Underground, whose debut he produced. He juxtaposed vibrant, false color images with blurry grayscale ones in his Marilyn Diptych. For 10 points, identify this Pop Art pioneer of silkscreening who explored the implications of mass production and media in his Campbell's Soup Cans.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f382962b7b2b4cf38626e65f083bf280",
            "input": "This man adapted Psalm 55 into an anthem called Hear My Prayer that gained fame for its final section, \"O for the Wings of a Dove\". A piece depicting spinners that is also known as \"The Bee's Wedding\" is part of a collection by this man that consists of eight books of anti-programmatic music and also contains three \"Venetian Boat Songs\". Another of his works repeatedly uses strings to introduce the \"Dresden Amen\" and ends with an adaptation of \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God\". For 10 points, identify this composer of a \"Wedding March\" for A Midsummer Night's Dream who also wrote Songs without Words and the Reformation, Scottish, and Italian symphonies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b116c2e3c164ba9ac31d8e97d652b9e",
            "input": "This man created a work designed to show off Frederick Leyland's china collection that involved covering walls in gold leaf, entitled The Peacock Room, and this man painted a model favored by Gustave Courbet, Joanna Hiffernan, as exemplified by his depiction of her in The White Girl. This artist sued John Ruskin over a libelous statement made about a painting set in Cremorne Garden depicting a [*] fireworks show. The creator of a painting showing a seated woman in a black dress and white bonnet looking towards a blue-black curtain on the left, for 10 points, name this American artist of Nocturne in Black and Gold who painted his mother in Arrangement in Gray and Black.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87a9d07c0af64f24b4c20699e8bbcf7f",
            "input": "The speaker of this work describes watching a Potter \"thumping his wet clay.\" One version of this work opens with a description of \"Morning in the Bowl of the Night\" and with the command \"Awake!\" This work contains the line \"the Moving Finger writes; and, having writ / Moves on.\" One translation of this work describes (*) \"singing in the Wilderness\" along with \"A Book of Verses underneath the Bough / A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread--and Thou\" and was made by Edward Fitzgerald. It consists of four line poems called quatrains. For 10 points, name this series of poems by the Persian poet Omar Khayyam.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39154d7ea71641629b55d2dd9e29e73d",
            "input": "One thinker during this dynasty studied \"meta philosophy\" in his Asfar, and it saw Iskander Beg Monshi write a biography of one of its most famous rulers, who astonished Pietro della Valle with his knowledge of Christianity. That man also mocked the Kurds after his victory at the Battle of DimDim. Two rulers of this dynasty worked with the incorruptible vizier Saru Taqi, and another ruler of this dynasty was nicknamed \"Very well! \" and had to face rebellions by Mir Veis and the Ghilzai Afghans. Another ruler signed the Peace of Amasya, which lasted until the time of Mohammaed Kondabanda. This dynasty was succeeded by Nader Shah and the Afsharids, and was aided by the brothers Anthony and Robert Shirley. Various rulers of this dynasty were troubled by the rise of Qizilbashi factions, whose intertribal issues came to light after this dynasty's loss at the Battle of Chaldiran. For 10 points, name this Twelver Shia dynasty of Persia, noted for rulers such as Ismail, Tahmasp, and Abbas.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6dce7b701c6b464ca7c94e6f3b65b21d",
            "input": "Published under the pseudonym Johaness de Silentio, this work is believed by analysts to have two distinct themes. First is the \"teleological suspension of the ethical,\" an example of which is God's order that Abraham kill Isaac. From there the author uses the Abraham/Isaac story to come to terms with the end of his love affair with Regine Olsen. The overall story, then, concerns a contrast between the \"tragic hero\" and the \"knight of faith. \"  FTP, name this 1843 philosophical work by Soren Kierkegaard. \t\t\t\t",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6718f3c3e824ecf8a05a83887188dd6",
            "input": "In Act I of this opera, the fan of the Marchesa Attavanti is produced to make the titular character suspicious of her lover, who is thrown in prison after hearing news of Napoleons victory at the battle of Marengo. Based on a play by Victorien Sardou that starred Sarah Bernhardt in the title role, it preceded such later works as Il Tabarro as its composers first effort in the verismo genre. The title character agrees to sleep with the police chief in order to save her lovers life, but his mock execution turns out to be real, and she throws herself from the roof of the Castel Sant Angelo. FTP, name this opera which includes such arias as Recondita harmonia, Visse darte, and E Lucvan le stelle, a work by Puccini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6836332d91e840c098980c8663327771",
            "input": "She is described variously as the sister of daughter of King Aeetes of Colchis and one of her sons founded the city of Ardea while another ruled the Tyrsenoi, and Hesiod also mentions Anteias and Agrius as her sons. In one legend she fell in love with Glaucus and turned Scylla into a six headed monster and when Picas refused to relinquish his love for Canens, she turned him into a woodpecker. In the Argonautica, she purifies the Argonauts for their murder of Apsyrtus, the brother of Medea. This owner of the island of Aeaea and mother of Telegonus is stymied by one figure when he is given the antidote Moly by Hermes. For 10 points name this witch who turned a bunch of men into pigs and somehow had some seven children in the year she spent with Odysseus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74fee46e30184d8c83af62c72adf7ea8",
            "input": "The relationship between temperature and this quantity is given by the Steinhart-Hart equation. Tunnel diodes have a negative value for this quantity, whose changes are measured by the most common type of strain gauge. The proximity and skin effects cause increases in this quantity with increasing frequency. The time constant tau is equal to indudctance divided by this quantity in an RL circuit. An unknown value of this quantity can be determined with a Wheatstone bridge. This quantity is the real part of impedance in AC circuits, and it is equal to voltage divided by current. For 10 points, name this opposition to the flow of current that is measured in ohms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-953e9ed89b8142e2b44428b602dcf9bc",
            "input": "A fossil with fermented grapes in its stomach of an early genus of these animals was found in the Messel Oil Shales. Darwin was astonished to discover a tooth from this extant animal group along  with fossils of Toxodon, noting that Pliocene conditions must have been very different to cause their local extinction. George Gaylord Simpson drew them in a branching evolutionary tree, in contrast to their erroneous (*) anagenetic portrayal. Gould argued that passive diffusion could explain their trend toward increased body size; he also described their inaccurate textbook portrayal in \"The Case of the Creeping Fox Terrier Clone,\" which deals with the genus Eohippus. For 10 points, name these  perissodactyls, whose extant species are all members of the genus Equus.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab60a57598be4f72a4e0e0f42cdeac27",
            "input": "This constellation sits atop Lepus, the rabbit. It contains a young cluster readily identified by four bright stars, the Trapezium, which is contained in this constellation's namesake nebula. Its gamma star is colloquially known as the Amazon Star and is named Bellatrix. Perhaps the most recognizable astronomical asterism is formed by (*) Altinak, Alninam, and Mintaka, which run in a straight line through this constellation's center. Its beta star, Rigel, frequently outshines its alpha star, which forms the Winter Triangle with Procyon and Sirius. For ten points, name this constellation, the Hunter, which contains Betelgeuse and has a namesake belt.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c39e07512244a48a5e869d651cb2ed8",
            "input": "One character in it dreams of failing to negotiate with a giant destructive adenoid and maintains a giant banana tree in his lodgings. An early section of this work explores possible meanings of the phrase You never did the Kenosha Kid, and later its protagonist whips starlet Magherita Erdmann, hears the song The Penis That Wasnt His Own, and runs into his Soviet doppelganger Tchitcherine during his extensive searches for the Schwergerat device that Colonel Blicero eventually places, with his slave Gottfried, into the 00000 V2. Beginning A screaming comes across the sky, FTP, name this 1973 novel about the adventures of Lt. Tyrone Slothrop by Thomas Pynchon.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ad3cdb35639456d81527a3af130191b",
            "input": "One major character in this novel is a Mississipian practicing law in New York while writing tracts against \"modern times\". In opposition to this character is his cousin, an feminist activist. They both vye for the attentions of a pretty, intectually vacant girl who finally decides to leave the women's movement and settle down with Basil Ransom, thus disappointing her protector, Olive Chancellor. Centering on the character Verena Tenent, FTP, what is this Henry James novel whose title refers to the Massachusetts home town of Verena and Olive",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-887e4889beb541c28283e4a29d6bac2b",
            "input": "One character in this novel loses his faith in God after hitting his nose while praying, and that character falls in love with his future wife while examining select parts of her body during illness. The protagonist of this novel relates his experience with Mary Pereira during the delivery of the \"Tryst with Destiny\" speech. The protagonist compares this novel's thirty chapters to pickle jars and experiences childhood flashbacks after tasting a pickle before becoming the manager of a pickling factory. That character is unknowingly the son of a poor singer and is challenged by a street urchin for leadership of a conference he calls. A canine unit enlists the protagonist, wielding a powerful and telepathic nose, who later marries Parvati the Witch after she is abandoned by General Shiva. FTP, name this novel about Saleem Sinai, who is born at the moment of Pakistan's creation, by Salman Rushdie.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cc4fe9ac50b49159d8c1a4ce8d86ad1",
            "input": "A peasant revolt in this country caused by falling coffee prices was suppressed by the military dictatorship of Maximiliano Hernndez Martnez in reprisals called \"La Matanza\". These reprisals included the execution of a guerilla leader and fifty years later, four guerilla organizations in this country united in a front named for him. After signing the Chapultupec Accords, the FMLN became one of two major political parties in this country. The Central American Commodities Market ceased functioning following this country's assault on a neighboring country, which had been precipitated by a sporting event between those two countries. For 10 points, name that country, home of Farabundo Marti, who fought the Football War with Honduras.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4fe0929462674c58bd0f824f5245075a",
            "input": "One novel by this man sees a recurring protagonist help to rescue his friend Chingachgook's betrothed Wah-ta!-wah from the Hurons. This man wrote another novel in which the angry Magua (MAHG-wah) tries to kill Cora Munro, and the title person is not the protagonist Hawkeye, but rather Uncas (UN-kass) . For ten points, name this author whose Leatherstocking Tales include The Deerslayer and The Last of the Mohicans.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a3dc6a5c4f84f2d98d338f1de6f131d",
            "input": "The Knudsen type of this process occurs in long pores, and Dynkins formula describes the Ito type. Ehrenfest developed a model of this to help explain the statistical interpretation of the second law of thermodynamics. Einstein and Smoluchowski linked Boltzmanns constant and the absolute temperature together by a constant in determining this value, while its flux is related to the concentration field and its resultant change on the field over time are described by Ficks Laws. Grahams Law also describes, FTP, which chemical process through which substances, primarily gases, mix as a result of random movements of their components.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65f5a4751eba41f8bf1161e2f58a19db",
            "input": "In this work, a definition of justice as \"what is good for the stronger\" is given by Thrasymachus. In this work, a story about the killer of King Candaules of Lydia is used to describe how people are just out of necessity. That story in this work tells of the [*] \"Ring of Gyges.\" This work describes chained prisoners who watch shadows pass before them. This work combines ideas about the \"divided line\" and the sun into its \"Allegory of the Cave.\" For 10 points, name this work that proposes a government ruled by philosopher kings, a dialogue on government by Plato.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9fc7e5b8a4ad45ca86f35b60db9d6986",
            "input": "It is not serotonin, but the selective reuptake of this compound is inhibited by tiagabine, and it is converted to succinic acid semi-aldehyde, which is subsequently oxidized to succinic acid in the shunt which produces this compound. One receptor for it forms a heteropentameric complex and in immature neurons, this compound facilitates the outward flux of chloride ions, which is why benzodiazepines are ineffective anticonvulsants in newborns. One receptor for it includes a benzodiazepine binding site, and isoguvacine THIP, and muscimol serve as competitive agonists to this molecule. Synthesized by the decarboxylation of glutamic acid, this neurotransmitter is best known for its role as the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter. For 10 points, identify this neurotransmitter, which is often referred to by its four letter acronym.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-075f261cc2ef4e5b8912bfa375ba8281",
            "input": "This politician sought to end the torture implemented by Jacque Soustelle and as head of his party he succeeded the namesake of a plan to create a massive all-European army, Rene Pleven. This figurehead of the 110 Propositions had earlier severed as Interior Minister under Mendes-France. He granted Joan Alanis's request for a constitution and had a highly publicized (*) affair with Anna Pingeot, producing his daughter Mazarine. This man spared Antoine Guadino and Alain Mayot during the Urba Affair and dissolved the Cour-de-surete and removed the death penalty via the Badinter Act. FTP, identify this habitual parliament-dissolver, the longest-serving President of France's Fifth Republic and a notable socialist.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1e36fd002c9a4852b67b28eddc8c9f9a",
            "input": "This polity saw a call for unity from a man named Waser rejected by the re-creation of the Borromean League, which led to Christopher Pfyffers victory in the first Villmergen War. This polity saw Christian Schybi defeated at Wohlenschwyl during its Peasant War. This polity successfully repulsed an invasion and killed Leopold III in a battle at Sempach, during which one man sacrificed himself on the enemys lances, this nations hero Arnold Winkelried. Two wars in this country involved the Christian Civic Union and revolved around Kappel, the second of which resulted in the death of Ulrich Zwingli. For 10 points, name this country, once the site of religious strife between its many cantons.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d66dcfe67cc64de984962b6ff5b9718a",
            "input": "The author cites the work of his friend Ernst Treoltsch in one of the endnotes, and its final section cites Goethes Wanderjahren and Richard Baxter, among others. One notable section of this work outlines the iron cage of rationality, and criticizes the excessive control of bureaucracy in the social order. Its introduction notes that only the west has developed the systematic study of history, the feudal state, and rational music and architecture. Stating that the Puritan wanted to work in calling; we are forced to do so in its last section, FTP, name this sociological work that connects Calvinist ethics to profit motive, by Max Weber.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa02d97a90f643d89ea26adb99b64cf8",
            "input": "In 2001, researchers at Lawrence Berkeley Labs discovered it in an aluminum matrix doped with molten lead. A mathematical description of this Wiener process typically begins with the Langevin equation and the Stokes flow for a sphere. Jean Perrin provided evidence for the most famous formulation of this process, for which, in the limit of small times, the rms displacement is proportional to the time squared. In the large time limit, it is a diffusive process which can be described by the Fokker-Planck equation and it has a diffusive constant proportional to the temperature. Observed by its namesake in pollen grains suspended in water, and explained by Einstein using the kinetic theory of gases, FTP name this random motion of small particles in a fluid.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c602724ce734baf97d241891a339605",
            "input": "This musician's fist gold album contains the song \"Pharaoh's Dance.\" He began to experiment with electronic music with his album In a Silent Way, while earlier he collaborated with Gil Evans on an album sampling the music of Joaquin Rodrigo and Manuel de Falla. This musician behind Bitches Brew and Sketches of Spain also participated in a nonet that launched the cool jazz movement, but he is better known for recording the songs \"Freddie Freeloader\" and \"So What.\" For 10 points, name this American jazz trumpeter who recorded the album Kind of Blue.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-193674fef5094c3285b2a0b16a795111",
            "input": "A version of spectroscopy that is free of one form of this effect uses a standing wave to give radiation to a moving atom and is named for its two-photon transition. Due to this effect, atoms observe laser resonance leading to the phenomenon of optical molasses at its namesake cooling limit. Mossbauer spectroscopy uses this effect to modulate the energy of the incident gamma rays. An experiment that used a canal ray tube and a mirror to view light emissions was used to detect the transverse form of this effect, while its relativistic form involves changes equal to the square root of one plus beta over one minus beta. For 10 points, name this shift in the wavelength from a moving source that can be heard by an observer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1737701bdbf24fe4a5924702b7f33735",
            "input": "This philosopher's studies of indirect self-reference inspired and eponymous computer program that outputs its own source code. He argued that scientific theories are confirmed or disconfirmed as a whole, and that epistemology needs to be naturalized. With Pierre Duhem he advocated ontological relativity, and he argued for the indeterminacy of translation in Word and Object. Other important works include From a Logical Point of View and The Roots of Reference, but he is best known for attacking the analytic - synthetic distinction. For 10 points -- identify this author of \"Two Dogmas of Empiricism. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a52b0f42846e402bbde5ce419934ba7a",
            "input": "In 1999, McIlroy created an adversary for this algorithm that guarantees that it will run in worst-case time. Its worst-case runtime can be avoided by switching to heapsort after a certain recursion depth, a construction known as introsort. Like mergesort, it is easily parallelizable, and its runtime can be decreased by first selecting the median of the unsorted input list. It was invented by C.A.R. Hoare, and its second phase is the partition function, which splits the original list into lists of elements that are greater or less than the chosen pivot value. For 10 points, identify this divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm which runs in big O of n log n time, named for its speed.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84ca1a9c03b649e58ef751fe768a4fb6",
            "input": "Transferred electron devices are a form of these components that utilize negative differential resistance and are generally named for Gunn. A law giving their current is named for transistor-inventor William Shockley. One of these and a MOSFET is used to form a synchronous rectifier, and four of these devices are arranged in a namesake bridge in full-wave rectifiers. If these have a large enough negative voltage drop, they go into breakdown, though reverse-bias operation is possible in their Zener variety. For 10 points, name these devices that normally consist of a p-n junction and only allow current to pass in one direction, and which also come in light-emitting types.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45dc3a1dd6fb4b7790f662f0f114d37d",
            "input": "This man borrowed the pose of the Apollo Belvedere for the portrait of a man in a wig leaning on his sword in front of the dark sea. Another of his paintings shows a pale noblewoman carving her name into a tree. This artist of portraits of Augustus Keppel and Mrs. Lloyd forayed into criticism with his fifteen Discourses on Art. Another of his paintings shows Melpomene (\"\"mel-PAW-men-ee\"\") standing behind the title enthroned actress, famous for her role as Lady Macbeth. For 10 points, name this first president of the Royal Academy of Art, who painted Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f72e8c84a4345e4a45ae05885c6a847",
            "input": "This battle began at dawn when Joseph Hooker's corps mounted an assault on Lee's left flank. Fighting continued across Miller's cornfield and around the Dunker Church until Union assaults against the Sunken Road pierced the Confederate center. Late in the day, Burnside's corps crossed the battle's namesake creek and rolled the Confederate right until A.P. Hill's division arrived from Harper's Ferry and saved the Confederate cause. FTP, name this September 17, 1862 battle, fought in Maryland, which halted the Confederate advance on Washington following Second Manassas.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a1ea1bbacc574968a50ff8dfe8a63885",
            "input": "This period was followed by the Nanboku-cho era, which included the Siege of Kuromaru. One achievement of this event was the creation of the Musha-Dokoro guard station. This era is recounted in the historical epic Taiheiki. One battle during this event saw an army at the Chihaya Fortress led by Nitta Yoshisada make a low tide attack against a fortified government base. With the help of Buddhist monks from the Kinai area, this event saw Prince Morinaga take the title of regent. One figure in this event, who was exiled to Oki Island, took advantage of the end of the insei system of cloistered rule to seize full power. For ten points, name this movement led by Emperor Go-Daigo that destroyed the first bakufu, preceded the Muromachi shogunate of Ashikaga Takauji, overthrew the Kamakura Shogunate, and briefly restored imperial rule to Japan.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b556893390dd4a5cb093f801fa034151",
            "input": "This author wrote about Octave de Malivert's love with the title character in Armance, and also published a story collection called the Italian Chronicles. This man also wrote about a resident of Lake Como who attempts to join Napoleon's army before that man, Fabrizio del Dongo, ultimately retires to the titular residence. In addition to The (*) Charterhouse of Parma, this man wrote a novel whose protagonist is sentenced to death after shooting at Madame de Renal. For 10 points, name this French author who created Julien Sorel in The Red and the Black.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1e429ab809094088886bfe811b9f5145",
            "input": "John Bradstreets proposed treaties with this man were condemned by Thomas Gage. He retreated to the Maumee River despite his victory at Bloody Run, and he was defeated at Bushy Run by Henry Bouquet. He ultimately made peace with Sir William Johnson, but he was killed by a member of the Peoria. The Paxton Boys massacre and the Proclamation of 1763 were a response to, for 10 points, what Ottawa chief, who led a namesake rebellion against the British in Great Lakes region from 1763 to 1764",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d31dda44f37457fa1e5a9208150cdae",
            "input": "Floating ribbons with text from Virgil and St. Augustine mark the depictions of the Sibyls in this work, who stand above a wash basin in a niche next to a white towel. A viol with five strings, a harp with twenty four strings, and an organ with twenty one pipes are amongst the strange instruments played by the angels in this work. The Just Judges follow Soldiers of Christ across from the Holy Hermits; both panels flank a depiction of opposing processions of New and Old Testament saints. Commissioned by Jodocus Vijd and depicting the Mystic Adoration of the Lamb in the Cathedral of St. Bavo, for 10 points, name this work of Hubert and Jan van Eyck.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f555c8213f9e4d209aceb964c2ee8393",
            "input": "This empire's decline was completed after it was defeated in the Battle of Zab, though Abd ar-Rahman managed to start another incarnation of it in Cordoba, Spain. It featured an internal clash between the Sufyanids and the Marwanids, which was mostly ended by the rule of Abd al-Malik following the deaths of Yazid I and Mu'awiyah II. At its greatest extent in the early 8th century, this empire based in Damascus ruled over an area extending from Spain nearly to India. For 10 points, name this first of the Muslim Empires, which was later replaced by the Abbasids.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58705a2d1f9842e0bd27a0c80b23c881",
            "input": "Jara killed this god by shooting him in the foot with a reed made from the powder of an ill-omened pestle. This god was switched at birth to avoid being killed by King Kamsa. This god purified a river of poison by fatally dancing on the hundred heads of the serpent Kaliya. Duryodhana chose this god's army over this god himself. In his youth, this (*) blue-skinned god was a butter-thief notorious for pulling pranks on the gopis. During the Kurukshetra War, this charioteer convinced one of the Pandavas to go to war against his cousins. For 10 points, name this eighth avatar of Vishnu who advises Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2947d6de0494cafa2cffa2b3a11e3f4",
            "input": "In the background of this painting, a man dressed in orange and black pants plays a musical instrument, and a girl with blond hair in a ponytail stands on one foot. Four people can be seen rowing in this painting, which also includes a dog that is sniffing at a napkin in the bottom right, where a man with a black hat and cane is sitting down and looking at the body of water in front of him. It also features a lady wearing a bustle, who has a monkey on a leash. Housed in the Art Institute of Chicago, for 10 points, name this huge pointillist work depicting a group of people relaxing outside at the titular time of day, a painting by Georges Seurat.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa6b19882c4b42a0bc750cf0194e759b",
            "input": "This politician espoused Social Darwinism in The Cult of Weakness. This politician was appointed as the fifth US Ambassador to West Germany and had worked with Paul van Zeeland as the first Director-General of the Atlantic Institute. This politician also escorted Nikita Khrushchev while serving as the third US Ambassador to the UN. This politician sent Cable 243 in response to the Xa Loi Pagoda raids while serving as the sixth US Ambassador to South Vietnam. In a 1936 Senate election, this politician defeated Governor James Michael Curley but this senator would later be defeated by (*) John F. Kennedy in the 1952 senate election in Massachusetts. He was again defeated by JFK in the 1960 presidential election as Richard Nixon's running mate. For 10 points, name this grandson of a former Massachusetts Senator who had opposed the League of Nations.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10dcbb9392b149089c789182445f3347",
            "input": "There is debate that this phylum should be split up because it is arguably polyphyletic. This phylum, along with arthropods, and other smaller phyla, makes up a larger group called Ecdysozoa. These pseudocoelomates possess only longitudinal muscle cells, which they contract in order to move. Sydney Brenner did extensive work with one member of this phylum, and members of this phylum have four peripheral nerves that run along the length of its body; those nerves create a dense ring near the pharynx and serve as the brain. Name this phylum of roundworms which includes such organisms as C. elegans and hookworms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c65640c28c6b49fcadb742c174a36de1",
            "input": "One character in this novel, after being asked how to use a gun, refuses to show the chief of a local tribe how to do so on the grounds that black revolutionaries should not be resisted. Another character in this novel is forced to ask someone else to sign his pass book so that he can remain in the city, but he later regains power by speaking in a language that the character can't understand when they get removed to a settlement. One character in this novel feels guilty when she looks at a picture of her servant Lydia holding her school bag for her. In a fight, that same character snaps at the title character that if he'd wanted to, he could have left his wife Ellen for her. For 10 points, name this novel in which Maureen and Bamford Smales are saved by their titular servant, a novel by Nadine Gordimer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a49eda6f4b1943d9a042c8fa228281b7",
            "input": "A work by this poet features the Wanderer, the Solitary, and the Pastor. In another poem, the title character loses his land and is forced to send his son Luke away. This poet of \"The Excursion\" and \"Michael\" described \"the Child among his new-born blisses\" among many \"recollections of early childhood\" in \"Ode: Intimations of Immortality\". \"Strange fits of passion have I known\" open one of his Lucy poems. This poet who portrayed the \"growth of a poet's mind\" in \"The Prelude\" wrote \"five years have passed\" in a poem addressed to his sister Dorothy. For 10 points, name this Romantic co-author of Lyrical Ballads, which includes his \"Tintern Abbey\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea4815707949491dbe0e2a4bca35c4c6",
            "input": "The Monophysite patriarch of this city, Sophronius, negotiated protection for his community before it fell to a man who humbly entered it leading his own slave. Balian of Ibelin unsuccessfully defended this city against a siege, and the status of this city was eventually confirmed by the Treaty of Ramla after the Battle of Arsuf. Raymond of St. Gilles and (*) Godfrey of Bouillon were rivals to control this city. A barefoot procession around this city--which was once led by the leprous Baldwin IV--preceded its capture from the Fatimid Dynasty in 1099, whereupon its Muslim and Jewish populations were massacred and the al-Aqsa Mosque turned into a stable until it was recaptured 88 years later by Saladin. For 10 points, identify this city that was the target of the First and Third Crusades.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a4343530ce548c3b65d2d0f07929934",
            "input": "In this poem, the poet wonders if it would be better to sport with Amaryllis in the shade then meditate the thankless muse, and the \"pilot of the Galilean lake\" derides shepherds who care more for their own well-being then for their sheep. A monody in which the author bewails a learned friend unfortunately drowned in his passage from Chester on the Irish seas in 1637, the poem begins \"Yet once more, O ye laurels, and once more / Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere, / I come to pluck your berries harsh and rude. \" FTP, identify this elegy on the death of Edward King, named for the lost shepherd in Virgil's third Bucolic, and written by John Milton.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74e1fd39c88b4fc0a5acafd19cedb2bd",
            "input": "This quantity can contribute an extra term to the thermodynamic identity, making possible an isentropic cooling method effective at low temperatures. The propagation of light along it induces a rotation in the polarization vector named for Faraday, and Landau levels are formed in metals when it is applied. An inhomogenous arrangement of this quantity in space was key to conducting the Stern-Gerlach experiment, and its breaking of degeneracies in atomic energy levels is known as the Zeeman effect. A material's delayed reaction to an externally applied one is known as hysteresis, and a spin will precess about one of these with the Larmor frequency. For ten points, identify this divergence-free component of a fundamental force whose cross-product with velocity is proportional to the Lorenz force with which it deflects charged particles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-15e00af7e3f14c97bac42f1cca6b3094",
            "input": "Deacetylases for these proteins are recruited by Sin3, which binds to upstream repression sequences in transcriptional regulation. Acetyases like Gcn5 also modify the process of transcription by chemically modifying the lysine rich tails of these, which allows them to function in epigenetic inheritance processes such as imprinting. The 2B, 2A, 3, and 4 varieties are always present in equal amounts, while 1 and 5 varieties are interchangeable. FTP, name these proteins that wind up DNA about themselves to form nucleosomes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71455f21ba354ab595da204a23104ac3",
            "input": "One equation used to calculate this quantity multiplies two terms with a sum of radii in their denominators, and is known as the Kapustinskii equation. A rough approximation of it can be found with a modified form of Coulomb's Law featuring a single distance, while a constant that is proportional to this quantity can be determined with the Evjen method or calculated by expanding cubes, and is named for Madelung. Another method used to determine it ends with gaseous ions in the Born-Haber cycle. For 10 points, name this quantity, like internal energy symbolized U, defined as the amount of energy needed to completely ionize a solid compound.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3cd945540def4c5daf156ae7f6b5d200",
            "input": "This man is said to have cursed his sons when they served him with a silver table and golden goblet belonging to his great-great grandfather. This figure was rescued from Mount Cithaeron by Polybus of Corinth, and in his old age, this man came under the protection of Theseus and the Erinyes. This man's son Polyneices was killed by his brother in a duel for the throne, and he himself killed a king at the Phocis (*) crossroads. As a reward for causing the sphinx to commit suicide after he correctly answered her riddle, this man replaced King Laius as the husband of Jocasta. For ten points, name this Theban king, who, as Tiresias predicted,  married his mother and killed his father.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-713b1387bd054b9180b5d424595d3ba5",
            "input": "This man and Blatt name a method for inducing cognitive dissonance by asking questions and then letting the subject spontaneously formulate a response. He used the term \"Hierarchic Integration\" to describe one of his theories, which relies on a process of conflict resolution called \"justice operation.\" This psychologist proposed a thought experiment in which a man breaks into adrug store to steal for his sick wife. His best-known work was criticized for only examining male subjects in the book In A Different Voice by Carol Gilligan. That work outlines a theory dividing development into three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. For 10 points, name this psychologist who outlined a six stage theory of moral development.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba439108116a46aaa2a4244e6a84365b",
            "input": "In 1946, this politician defeated Representative Howard Johnstone McMurray in a Senatorial election and, in 1957, this politicians vacated Senate seat was won by William Proxmire. The right to criticize, the right to protest, the right of independent thought, and the right to hold unpopular opinions were stated in the Declaration of Conscience speech delivered by Margaret Chase Smith against this politician. This politician targeted Mongolian historian Owen Lattimore during the deliberations of the Tydings Committee. In 1954, Army attorney Joseph Welch asked him, Have you left no sense of decency For 10 points, name this Wisconsin Republican Senator who made wild allegations that certain individuals of the State Department were Communists.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eba6dfc0f03e4b88a5a13c032704a43e",
            "input": "Euler's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for the n equals 3 case involved extending integer arithmetic to one of these structures, which contain numbers of the form a plus b times the square root of negative 3. Dedekind defined an ideal complex number based upon a property related to these structures and Hilbert utilized (*) polynomial ones to solve his Basis Theorem. The advent of quaternion algebra and the extension of the axioms of this structure to square matrices led to the formulation of its non-commutative theory and the first single theory of the abstract commutative variety of these structures was proposed by Noether. FTP, what are these mathematical objects defined as a set containing two operators that satisfy a collection of axioms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79895a2c96364c389338d30cc9f4153a",
            "input": "of this man's last paintings was a portrait of Cupid removing Venus's clothing. He painted John the Baptist as a child dramatically raising his hand, along with a portrait of the Infant Hercules Strangling Serpents. He included a number of dogs in large paintings, such as that of the Marlborough family, and portrayed a stately blue-clad tragedy losing a contest with a mischievous looking comedy over Shakespearean actor David (*) Garrick. He painted portraits of Diana Sackville and his possible mistress, the courtesan Kitty Fisher, in addition to a rather effeminate looking Banastre Tarleton. One of his best-known paintings shows Colonel Acland and Lord Sydney hunting with bows, and another contains figures of pity and terror in the background as well as the artist' signature on the hem of the main subject's dress. For 10 points, identify this artist of The Archers as well as Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse, a pre-eminent 18th century British portraitist.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-002503b6424f4928b8f30718e61ff6e3",
            "input": "Though not synchotrons, one type of these devices makes use of wigglers to accelerate electrons through a transverse magnetic field. In 2012, physicists used one of these devices to create particles which were successfully quantum teleported 150 kilometers away. These devices use optical pumping to bring the system to a short-lived state which decays into the most populated metastable state. That's called population inversion. These devices, which come in a free-electron type, are used to create a transmission hologram. They create coherent photons through stimulated emission. For 10 points, name these devices which can make a monochromatic beam of light.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a986b34169d42ef875d4f53c981353e",
            "input": "This author tells of Roberto della Griva, who is stranded near the International Date Line, in his Island of the Day Before. In another book of his, Jacopo Belbo uses the computer Abulafia (AH-boo-LAH-fee-uh) to concoct a parody of conspiracy theories. This author and semiotician's (SEM-eye-ott-ISH-in's) first novel features (*) Adso of Melk trying to solve a series of murders in a medieval monastery. For 10 points, name this Italian author of Foucault's Pendulum and The Name Of The Rose.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b06e0a2375384b368a17a847bfffe467",
            "input": "This painting sharply contrasts with a similarly named work by Thomas de Keyzer. While this painting depicts an actual event dated to January 16 of the year in which it was painted, most of the figures are believed to have been added later. The title figure is explaining the surprisingly accurate interior of the arm of Aris Kindt, who had been strangled for armed robbery. A man leaning to see casts a shadow on the dead man's face, and a large, open textbook can be seen in the lower right corner, possibly that of Vesalius. FTP name this 1632 painting by Rembrandt depicting a public dissection.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6f05cf8d81c4df08db4350f988cfec1",
            "input": "Among the minor speaking roles are those of the faithful servant Adam and Hymen, the god of marriage, who conducts the four marriages that end this work. Two of those marriages involve the women Audrey and Phoebe, the latter of which finally succumbs to Silvius' affections. The other two involve characters who disguise themselves as Aliena and Ganymede before they fall in love with Oliver and Orlando. Much of the action takes place in the Forest of Ardenne in which Celia and Rosalind briefly take a cottage. FTP, identify this Shakespeare play, the source of the line \"All the world's a stage and the men and women merely players. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44fc8e522ae2415f8b04e79ce389c19b",
            "input": "In one short story by this author, the protagonist is shown the ravages of war by a dark bird to demonstrate the true evils of the world. That boy's quest for flowers for the burial of the dead is ultimately successful in \"Strange News from Another Star\", the title story in a collection by this writer. In contrast, the protagonist of another work fails, along with the other members of The League, in the title quest after the disappearance of Leo, and the protagonist of yet another novel drowns in a river after being expelled from a seminary, as Hans Giebenrath, despite his education, failed to develop personally. In addition to Journey to the East and Beneath the Wheel, this writer also wrote novels in which the high-born title character ends up as a ferryman, and Hermine teaches Harry Haller to dance. For 10 points, identify this German author of Siddhartha and Steppenwolf.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3362138f9398463abc7d503ebc83d5a4",
            "input": "In this work, big muscles and large moustaches are praised in the aria \"Non siate ritrosi\", while the possibility of love is said to sate one's hunger in \"Un aura amorosa. \" Love is compared to a thief in the aria \"E amore un ladroncello\" by a girl who had earlier claimed she would die of grief in \"Smanie implacabili. \" An \"audacious person\" is told to leave in the difficult \"Come scoglio\", and this opera sees a nurse disguise herself as a notary as well as a doctor who pulls out a large magnet to revive some men disguised as Albanians. The stupidity of wagering 100 sequins on woman is the subject of an arioso by Don Alfonso, and the primary female pair is urged to acquiesce by their maid Despina. One character gloats about the faithfulness of his betrothed though he managed to seduce Dorabella. For 10 points, name this opera featuring Guglielmo and Ferrando, who learn the title lesson, a work of Mozart.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce8f1a1328b449f7bfed0917c35f1313",
            "input": "A feminist lecture in this country argued that \"the master's tools will never dismantle the master's house.\" Another thinker from here tried to dissolve the mind-body problem as a \"pseudoproblem\" in Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Audre Lorde and Richard Rorty challenged academic norms in this country, where \"live\" and \"dead\" options for belief were discussed in \"The Will to Believe.\" An experimental \"lab school\" was founded in this country by the author of Democracy and Education, John Dewey. For 10 points, name this home country of pragmatism, where William James taught philosophy at Harvard.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-101df88ba6e84e11aca2519daa968621",
            "input": "This thinker was the subject of ridicule by the newspaper The Corsair, and near the end of his life he attacked the bishop H.L. Martensen in several letters. This author of The Concept of Anxiety presented three forms of despair in his Sickness unto Death, which he wrote under the pseudonym Anti-Climacus. He contrasts the aesthetic and ethical ways of life in his book Either/Or, while another work by him centers on Abraham's decision to sacrifice his son Isaac. For 10 points, name this Danish philosopher of Fear and Trembling.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad4872c6eb894d15be7bf1db94f90356",
            "input": "This man was captured by a knight named William de Cahagnes after his battle-axe and sword shattered on the battlefield, but was released after his brother Henry successfully defended Winchester. He fell out of favor with Pope Innocent II after alienating Roger, bishop of Salisbury and entering into an unpopular treaty with Geoffrey of Anjou. After this man's son Eustace died, the issue of succession was decided by the Treaty of Wallingford, which made Henry of Anjou heir. FTP name this English King who fought the battle of Lincoln against the forces of Robert of Gloucester and his own cousin Matilda, the only British King from the house of Blois.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b19db6175c72451cbc646370ea2440e5",
            "input": "In this polity, the Gedong Kirtya museum houses an important collection of Lontar manuscripts which were used to record its history. The Klungkung monarchs, who once ruled over this polity, were weakened in a 1908 conflict that spared the Kertha Gosa pavilion in its city of Semarapura. Galungan is a 10-day festival analogous to Dasara that is celebrated by the majority Hindu population of this island. The highest point on this island is the active volcano Mount Agung, and the Lombok strait separates this island from an eastern neighbor. The difference in the Fauna between Lombok and this island was observed by Alfred Wallace, and its seaside city of Kuta was the target of two bombings in 2002 and 2005. For 10 points, identify this member of the Lesser Sunda Islands which lies to the east of Java.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78fa32d2fe914a668cc62437bb933ba7",
            "input": "This book was edited by Marcion of Sinope to create a dualistic religion. A woman who was bent over for eighteen years is healed in this book's thirteenth chapter. Like a later book, this one is addressed to Theophilus, which lends credence to the idea that its author also penned Acts of the Apostles. This Synoptic Gospel is the only one to feature the parables of the Corrupt Steward and the Good Samaritan. Its first chapter describes the ministry of John the Baptist. For 10 points, name this longest Synoptic Gospel, the third overall, which comes between Mark and John.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a095de5ea85432ea96d448a73513849",
            "input": "This economist connects cosmos and taxis with thesis and nomos in three volumes entitled Rules and Order, He wrote The Mirage of Social Justice in a work entitled Law, Legislation, and Liberty. Oskar Ryszard Lange was rebuked by this economist in an essay entitled The Use of Knowledge in Society, which is contained in a work entitled Individualism and Economic Order. Three parts entitled The Value of Freedom, Freedom and the Law, and Freedom in the Welfare State comprise his The Constitution of Liberty, which he appended with the postscript Why I am Not a Conservative. For 10 points, name this Austrian-born economist who used Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union as examples of arguing that collectivism tends to lead to tyranny in The Road to Serfdom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5328367a223e4329958024e525f6ee05",
            "input": "Descartes proposed a thought experiment in which all one has of this is due to a demon, and Quine's argument that no statement can be truly analytic allows him to support a doctrine holding that certainty in this is impossible, called fallibilism. The Gettier problem questions the traditional formulation that a statement's truth and its belief implies that it is this, while another philosopher discussed how this can be derived either through statements about \"relations of ideas\" or through \"matters of fact\" in Hume's fork. For 10 points, identify this concept defined as the intersection of what is true and believed, the theory of which is called epistemology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-42e0a7e71a294e84b9872118741b59c0",
            "input": "He defended his administration in Presidential Problems, and authored the Olney Corollary along with his secretary of state in response to the Venezuela and British Guiana boundary dispute. Earlier, he had vetoed the Five Cent Fare Bill for violating the transit company charter as governor of NY. Reverend Samuel D. Burchard propelled him to office by calling Democrats the party of \"rum, Romanism, and rebellion,\" causing his opponent James G. Blaine to lose the Irish vote. FTP name this president first elected in 1884, the only man to serve served two non-consecutive terms in that office.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5bce9c1df8c84571b4d2a1b8ac4676e5",
            "input": "The large southern provinces of this country include Adrar, Tamanghasset, and Illizi, while the majority of its divisions are clustered around the capital and include Media, Blida, and Boumerdes. Despite being watered by the Wadi Saour and Wadi Djaret, it is covered by several deserts, including the Great Western Erg and Great Eastern Erg. Cities of over half a million people in this country include Constantine and (*) Oran . The eastern Atlas Mountains stretch across, for 10 points, what country, which borders both Tunisia and Morocco, has a northern Mediterranean coast, and is a large former French colony in North Africa",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6244aca531764660a8230a921721dc2f",
            "input": "The alternating form of a construct named for him has existential and universal states and is non-deterministic. With an American, he lends his name to a theorem expanded on by Stephen Kleene that concerns the universality of using simple mechanical methods to solve any \"effective\" problem. One construct proposed by this man comes cannot answer the (*) halting problem and consists of a head reading and writing symbols on a tape. The reverse form of a test named for this man can be demonstrated with CAPTCHAs, although the regular form of that test asks a human to decide if he's speaking to a machine or not. The co-namesake of a theorem with Alonzo Church is, for 10 points, which British computer scientist",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96acfa0d2f3344e7b285d4d2e1b833b9",
            "input": "Literary works by this composer include his Theory of Harmony  and Brahms, the Progressive. He   wrote a cantata based on poems by Jens Peter Jacobsen and he created a work which ends with a  group of Jews singing the \"Shema Yisroel\". This composer of the Gurre Lieder [GUR-uh \"leader\"]   and A Survivor From Warsaw  composed a string sextet inspired by a Richard Dehmel poem. Poems  by Albert Giraud [zhee-roh] serve as the basis for another work by this man in which the narrator  speaks in the \"Sprechstimme\" [SHPREK-shtee-muh] style. Name this proponent of the twelve-tone  system who composed Transfigured Night  and Pierrot Lunaire [pyair-oh loo- nair]",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3bbe8bd0719e4d7d862b840d1af86a92",
            "input": "The only concerto by Jean Sibelius is for this instrument; that work was dedicated to Willy Burmester and has been performed by Jascha [YAH-shah] Heifetz. It is the lead instrument in Berg's Concerto \"To the memory of an angel\" and Mozart's \"Turkish Concerto\". Bela Bartok's sonata for a solo of this instrument was written for Yehudi Menuhin, and Edouard Lalo's Symphonie espagnole--which can be considered a concerto for this instrument--was dedicated to Pablo de Sarasate. This instrument plays a series of twenty-four pieces written from 1802 to 1817, a set of caprices by a virtuoso of this instrument, Niccolo Paganini. Name this instrument performed on the Schindler's List soundtrack by Itzhak Perlman, who uses a Stradivarius.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2139dc5873704a6eb9265444e586c93f",
            "input": "This author wrote a work in which the speaker has \"passed by the watchman on his beat / and dropped my eyes\", while another of his poems mentions that Mary \"sat musing on the lamp-flame at the table\" before telling Warren \"Silas is back.\"   This author of  \"Acquainted with the Night\" and (*) \"Death of the Hired Man\" wrote another poem in which the narrator \"look[ed] down one [path] as far as [he] could/ To where it bent in the undergrowth.\"  That poem claims that the speaker's decision \"made all the difference\" after \"two roads diverged in a yellow wood\". For ten points, name this American poet of  \"The Road Not Taken.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39b769d52e7d42f2842b75349c12e309",
            "input": "In particle physics, this word names peaks in the cross section of a scattering experiment  corresponding to the indirect observation of short-lived particles. The \"width\" within which this effect  can take place is equal to the viscous coefficient over the mass, and as that gamma ratio decreases,  this effect becomes more pronounced. In LC circuits, this effect occurs alongside minimum impedance  at one over the square root of (*) inductance times capacitance. The Q-factor can be defined as the  ratio of this effect's associated frequency to the aforementioned width. Via a von Karman vortex street,  this effect destroyed the Tacoma Narrows bridge. For 10 points, name this increase in amplitude that  occurs when an oscillator is driven at its natural frequency.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00eebdd2e4cb490088acd67f482ccae9",
            "input": "This man's father died during Lord Dunmore's War, and he founded a settlement after hearing a vision from the Master of Life. This man's namesake conflict included a faction called the Red Sticks, and was spurred when a Lenape chief died, allegedly of witchcraft, and also stemmed from the Treaty of Fort Wayne. His alleged killer used a political slogan containing his name that began \"Rumpsy Dumpsy. \" His brother was named Teskwatawa, and suffered defeat at the hands of William Henry Harrison at Tippecanoe. For 10 points, name this brother of The Prophet, a Shawnee chief who was allegedly killed by Richard Mentor Johnson in the War of 1812.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f025744751724744a0a50fb156a3051f",
            "input": "He wrote about the fates of Sinfin Carrasco, Justino Perez, Roberto Lopez, and the rest of the \"crew\" who engaged in the titular fight in his \"Furious Struggle Between Seamen and an Octopus of Colossal Size,\" which along with \"Fear\" and \"We Are Many\" appeared in the volume Estravagario. He wrote poems to a \"fallen chestnut,\" a \"yellow bird,\" and \"laziness\" in his Elemental Odes, while his earlier works include poems about the battle of the Jarama River and one entitled \"The Magellan Heart. \" Later in his career politics played a larger role in his work, as seen in book-length historical poems like Canto general and a work based on his visit to an Incan city in the nation north of his own, \"The Heights of Macchu Picchu. \" FTP, name this author of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, a Nobel laureate from Chile.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a82d17ba49b349a7afa2f6cdac712655",
            "input": "This anthropologist used the example of a boy's funeral to show how the mixing of religious and political symbols is problematic in his article, Ritual and Social Change. He was greatly influenced by Wittgenstein's attack of the idea of private language, and Weber's interpretative social science, as seen in his Agricultural Involution and Peddles and Princes. He wrote that culture is the \"webs of significance\" spun by man, and that \"culture is public, because meaning is\". Both of these appear in a book that discusses this man's method of ethnography, Thick Description. He says that the title practice is \"use of emotion for cognitive ends\" in Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight, which appears in his most famous collection. For 10 points, name this author of The Interpretation of Cultures.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e788f95ee7c64c558f2c97ec0a06a965",
            "input": "In 1995 scientists at Ohio State discovered that they possess a property called \"homing. \"  Theories of how they arose are divided into the \"late\" and \"early\" camps and could not be resolved when they were discovered in the cyanobacterium Fischerella. They can occur in the middle of a domain, and sometimes even within a single codon. They are located by spliceosomes and those genes possessing them are termed \"split. \"  FTP, name these pieces of DNA that are excised as opposed to exons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1255c5971bd64a35899c5706ff889654",
            "input": "Some species in this group of animals have heat-sensitive pits in their heads, and most have only one working lung. The invasive brown tree type has caused many bird extinctions on Guam, and they use their tongues to gather scent molecules. Some kill prey by (*) constriction or use fangs to inject venom, and the largest ever to exist was the titanoboa. For 10 points, name these limbless reptiles that include the python and cobra.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3faa9af0125c42c6991ff9080b64c7dc",
            "input": "Some confusion exists as to this mans parents: some say they were Antion and Perimele, while others say his father was a man killed by his brothers Lycus and Nycteus. This guy had a daughter named Phisadie, who was given as a slave to Helen, and his sister may have been the Coronis loved by Apollo, assuming that his dad was indeed Phlegyas. Most agree though that he tricked Eioneus by making him fall in a pit of fire, shortly after marrying that mans daughter Dia. Afterwards, only Zeus would purify this guy but he ungratefully attempted to copulate Nephele, a cloud made to look like Hera, and by this act fathered the Centaurs. FTP, name this man finally punished when he was bound to a fiery wheel in hell for eternity.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31a93ca836644334b71a5c39b6c3c667",
            "input": "The artists friend Meyer de Haan appears with two semi-nude women surrounded by flowers in his Barbarian Tales. A naked black woman lies on her stomach on a green bed in one painting by this painter. He drew a tree branch to set off the main action taking place on a vermillion background in another work. This painter of Spirits of the Dead Keep Watch and Jacob Wrestling with the Angel also painted a religious figure surrounded by Breton women. He depicted an old woman with a white bird at her feet representing the final stage of life in another painting. For 10 points, name this French painter who painted The Yellow Christ and Where Do We Come From What Are We Where Are We Going while living out his life on Tahiti.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5d39d061d1f492485f9736679fd12d3",
            "input": "Recent studies have shown that infectivity of the cytomegalovirus may require this functional group in its free form. It can be qualitatively detected using lead(II) acetate, which produces a yellow solid if this functional group is present. They are oxidized by mild oxidizing agents such as molecular iodine to produce disulfides, and cysteine is unique in that it is the only amino acid to bear this functional group. FTP, identify this functional group from organic chemistry formerly known as mercaptan and consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b3aae325663446a95e9415796e8aedc",
            "input": "In 2006, members of the Kaingang ethnic group in this country who threatened to blow up a hydroelectric plant were finally compensated for the use of their land, while in 1988, the federal government of this country brought charges of genocide against five men who had murdered members of the Xacriaba ethnic group in an attempt to exterminate them. The Kuikuro and the Kalapalo are the most numerous ethnic groups represented in this country's Xingu National Park, which was established on behalf of indigenous peoples by Cndido Rondon. In 1992, this country, which has more un-contacted ethnic groups than any other, opened a special reservation for the Yanomami to keep out gold prospectors who were taking their land. Indigenous groups in this country comprise a sizeable population in such states as Acre, Roraima, and Par. FTP, identify this South American country that has indigenous or mestizo majorities in such cities as Belm and Manaus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d2871a5f2d441edb5b5602737f6da18",
            "input": "A historic industry in this nation was damaged in the 1970s by the \"quartz crisis\". Legends in this country's history include the Oath of the Rutli. A public display of meat-eating during Lent in this country sparked the Affair of the Sausages. A victory of this nation over Leopold I's Austrian cavalry at Morgarten united three (*) \"forest\" regions in its center. Warriors from here lost the 1515 battle of Marignano, when their heavy use of the pike failed them. A reformer who argued for a purely symbolic Eucharist at the Marburg Colloquy was from here, as is a group of mercenaries who dress in blue and yellow stripes to protect the Pope. For 10 points, name this home of Reformation leader Huldrych Zwingli, a landlocked, long-neutral European nation.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7cf0a69eb894096af9e5e11f4b71e26",
            "input": "In one of this mans short stories, a soldier works on a machine to heal his hand and insists that the narrator learn correct Italian as he recovers. In another, Krebs returns to his town after a war and encounters apathetic villagers. In addition to In Another Country and Soldiers Home, this author wrote about the hunter Wilson in a story in which Margot may have killed her husband, the title character, who had a Short, Happy Life. In a better known story, the action opens with a writer, Harry, whos dying of gangrene in view of the title mountain, while in a longer work, Jake Barnes is unable to have sex with his wife due to a war injury. For ten points, identify this American writer, the author of The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, and The Old Man and the Sea.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53c8fb7635a3489c905b4a7a18476f2e",
            "input": "Lin and Shu proposed the density-wave theory to explain how the structure of these entities is sustained. The most accurate method for measuring the distances to distant ones uses a relation between their maximum rotational velocity and absolute magnitude, which is known as the Tully-Fisher method. They are generally blue because of their high content of old stars, and one type of them features arms that emanate from each end of a namesake structure. They have discs like the lenticular type, but contain much more angular momentum than the elliptical type. FTP name these galaxies, some of which are barred, including the Milky Way.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24a12e24c7f8433fa0928f7e89967660",
            "input": "His final ruling stint came after his victory near Mount Hymettus. He extended influence by recovering Sigeum, thereby controlling the Hellespont, and by acquiring the Thracian Chersonese. His second time in power came after he married the daughter of Megacles, although he was later forced out by Megacles and Lycurgus. This son of Hippocrates had first come to power with much difficulty but peacefully passed rule to his son Hippias. FTP, name this man who unified Attica as the 6th century BC tyrant of Athens.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ae3c3c13a964264835fb7e8e34c8503",
            "input": "Inventory control is modeled by the Markovian type of this concept, and in the Keynesian Cross, this equals the total output of an economy at efficiency. The Slutsky equation relates two forms of this. The Hicksian form of it assumes constant utility and is usually contrasted with the Marshallian form. Say's Law states that this is created by the presence of goods, and Keynes did work on the \"aggregate\" form of it. This quantity has a downward sloping curve and can be defined as the amount of a good or service consumers are willing to buy at a given price. For 10  points, identify this economic concept, commonly contrasted with supply.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb059f6a45a84b8fbe121d57aa444930",
            "input": "son of Zeus was the proud owner of a color-changing calf, a symbol predicted by the Delphic Oracle. Poseidon punished him by infusing his wife with zoophilia after he intentionally slew the wrong sacrificial animal. He was killed by a scalding bath prepared for him by the man he had imprisoned. After his death, he judged the dead in Hades, along with Aeacus and Radamanthus. One of this mans more notable acts as ruler involved trapping his wifes half bull child in a creation built by Daedalus. For ten points, name this king of Crete and husband of Pasiphae who employed who trapped the minotaur after he commissioned the Labyrinth.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a70bb1871e1e495aa9670f7c995cff16",
            "input": "The Orthodox Christian saint Josaphat was said to be one of these, and his name is a distortion of the word used to designate them. A 500-foot-tall statue is being built in Kushinagar in honor of one named Maitreya, who some believe will come after the teachings of Shakyamuni disappear. To become one, it is necessary to master the six perfections, after which you choose to be either one of these or an Arhat. Those such as the Avalokiteshvara and the 14th Dalai Lama who chose to stay behind and help others on their path to Nirvana are known by, FTP, what term used in Mahayana Buddhism that literally means \"wise being\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be1ce400967140b18658e2e15c773317",
            "input": "While in Rome, this artist depicted a muscular title character who brandishes white-hot iron in one hand while Apollo enters the central scene. This artist depicted the voluminous black hair of a man wearing a green coat in one of his portraits. A drunken outdoor feast culminates in the drunken crowning one of the revelers in this artists work that shows the triumph of Bacchus. This artist of a portrait of Juan de Pareja and Los Borrachos showed the titular goddesss face reflected towards the viewer in his Rokeby Venus. He also depicted Ambrosio Spinola receiving the keys of a city in a painting also sometimes called The Lances. For 10 points, name this artist who depicted the Surrender of Breda and also painted a dwarf and a large dog next to the Infanta Margarita in his Las Meninas.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8d0dd48d9c964720bfa349428ad2cc46",
            "input": "The interrogator present at this event was Dr. Ecken, who was in the employ of the Archibishop of Trier. Frederick III was responsible for this event in part, and his intervention was necessary primarily due to the execution of Jan Hus. The edict issued from this meeting failed to cause its subject to be executed but did prevent many of his books from being read or published. One person present at this meeting famously said Here I am; I can do no other before leaving for the Wartburg; that man was present at the proceedings primarily to answer charges of heresy. For ten points, identify this 1521 meeting at which Martin Luther was present, named for the town in Germany where it was held.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e93807b39504dda8273d7e60d8f5b41",
            "input": "Troops under this man perpetrated the 228 massacre, during which thousands of civilian deaths resulted from military force used. Financial aid to this man's troops was stymied under the Harry Dexter White led IMF, and his country signed into effect a new constitution mandating a five-branch system of government in 1947. This man called for the Northern Expedition, and the Zhongshan Warship incident helped him overtake his political rival Wang Jingwei. FTP, name this leader of the KMT who took over for Sun Yat-Sen and led the Republic of China until 1975.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65f23c27af65457eb4ec4195485fb8fb",
            "input": "son-in-law of King Kartanagar used a force sent by this ruler to depose the usurper Jayakatwang; due to the failure of that force led by Yikomusu, this man was unable to make Java a vassal state. This man supported the rule of King Wonjong, and his daughter married Wonjong's son Chungnyol Wang, which increased his infuence over the Goryeos of Korea. He lost much of his naval possessions after a devastating incident at Hakata bay. He eliminated strongholds of the Song dynasty by 1279 CE, and his court at Dadu also hosted Marco Polo. The kamikaze winds prevented the invasion of Japan by, for 10 points, which grandson of Ghenghis Khan who founded the Yuan dynasty of China",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04ca2914d4da4299b965e52dbec5a31b",
            "input": "One of this composer's pieces for piano, which begins with a long section in the key of A in Lydian mode and which changes keys following a circle of fifths, is Phrygian Gates. Another piece, which started out as Wavemaker and was then written for a string septet and then string orchestra, is Shaker Loops. This composer has labeled his Foxtrot for Orchestra as an outtake from one of his operas, and it is sometimes referred to as The Chairman Dances. His piece subtitled Fanfare for Orchestra, which features a woodblock repeatedly hitting quarter notes and is about four minutes long, is Short Ride in a Fast Machine. Name this composer whose operas include A Flowering Tree, Doctor Atomic, and Nixon in China.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef97747093934253a630e061ab6daa65",
            "input": "This man utilized the contrast between Pare in Indonesia and Sefrou in Morocco to analyze his own anthropological practice in his work After the Fact. The author of a collection of philosophical essays entitled Available Light, he analyzed a synthesis of symbols, myths, rituals, and ceremonies, which he terms \"drama\" in a work which utilizes the example of a certain theatre state, Negara. In one of this man's works, he described a situation in which the stakes are so high that it doesn't make sense to play, a term called deep play, through the lens of a Balinese cockfight. In another, he described the uses of explanation that seeks to explain not only the practice, but the motive behind it, known as his \"thick description. \" For ten points, name this man who wrote The Interpretation of Cultures.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ca80919e20448d1872d2da62dfc3937",
            "input": "A coup in this country in 1936 led to a four-year period called the 4 August Regime, and a coup   just before 1967 elections in this country led to a seven-year period known as the Regime of the  Colonels. A major step towards this country's independence took place at the Battle of Navarino   in 1827, where several European powers defeated the combined forces of Egypt and the Ottoman  Empire. This country's actions in 1974 gave Turkey an excuse to invade Cyprus. Its current leader,  Antonis Samaras, recovered from a controversy over relations with this country's neighbor Macedonia. Name this country that officially calls itself the Hellenic Republic.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0c2c8ba45db40a8ba66ae2bc55c855c",
            "input": "A W.T. Stace work called The Philosophy of him includes a fold-out diagram of his thought, while this mans notes and papers are cited as Zusatz. The Owl of Minerva is a journal dedicated to the thought of this philosopher while A.V. Miller and J.N. Findlay are considered leading translators and explicators of this mans works. Unusual readings of this mans works include M.H. Abrams interpreting one of his major works as a Bildungsroman while Benedetto Croce explored what is living and what is dead in his philosophy. His Lectures on the Philosophy of Fine Art are less well-known than another set of lectures that discusses heroes like Caesar or Napoleon and early practitioners of the titular enterprise like Thucydides and Herodotus. Lectures on the History of Philosophy covers similar ground to, FTP, The Philosophy of Right, a book by this German thinker best-known for the Phenomenology of Spirit.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e847d5828d945a8846db11f4cffe725",
            "input": "One section of this work includes poems about the significance of wine to various figures, including the lonely man and the murderer. That section comes between the sections \"\"Revolt\"\" and \"\"Death. \"\" Its longest section features poems such as \"\"Sorrows of the Moon,\"\" \"\"The Sick Muse,\"\" and \"\"Invitation to the Voyage. \"\" A poem which introduces this volume addresses the reader as \"\"Hypocrite leader, my likeness, my brother! \"\" For 10 points, name this 1857 poetry collection by Charles Baudelaire.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a204ea7a00bb420491162e8e65b4fc40",
            "input": "Upon heating, this element sublimes from its most common ore, mispickel. This element reacts with zinc metal and sulphuric acid to produce a gas which is then passed along a heated glass tube in the Marsh test for its presence. The yellow allotrope of this element resembles white phosphorus in adopting an unstable tetrahedral arrangement. In the body, this element can accumulate in the mitochondria and react with lipoic acid, inhibiting the action of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Forming a III-V [three-five] semiconductor with gallium, for ten points, name this element which also appears in salvarsan, Erlich's \"magic bullet\" for syphilis, despite its extreme toxicity, a non-metal with symbol As.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03e99cbe3e174432b36800f313fad38b",
            "input": "This painting was drawn from a cartoon by Michelangelo showing two of the title characters kissing. The action takes place around a light blue silk sheet, on which rest two masks on the bottom left. The central figure holds an orange in her left hand and a wand in her upraised right. The decapitated man on the top left is Fraud, and just below him is howling Jealousy. Most noticeable is the raw eroticism as Cupid caresses the breast of Venus and kisses her. FTP, name this masterpiece of Agnolo Bronzino.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0676c60d21a49aaa4398a593ae39a68",
            "input": "This man reformed the fyrd militia system so that it fought in shifts, allowing for the creation of a standing army without disrupting agriculture. In addition to establishing the burhs system of forts, this man built a secret military base on the swamp island of Athelney. This mans advisors included Bishop Asser, who wrote an early biography of him. This author of the so-called doom book won control of all territory west of Watling Street when he won the Battle of Edington against Guthrum the Old. Apart from translating many religious works into English, he is best known for ending the Danegeld. For ten points, name this King of Wessex, the only English monarch with the epithet the Great.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ce02d23cd1340fab14edbcdbf792162",
            "input": "Brodsky and Berman determined this chemical's structure, which includes a sheath of stabilizing ordered water molecules. Due its dearth of cysteine residues, cross-linking of occurs near the N- and C-termini between lysine and histidine residues with the aid of lysyl oxidase. Ascorbate is dietarily necessary because it is needed by the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase, which forms one of this molecule's prevalent residues. Consisting of over thirty distinct chains assembled into at least nineteen different varieties, the most common residue sequence is glycine-proline-hydroxyproline. FTP, name this triple-helical protein, the most abundant in vertebrates, that provides tensile strength in tissues like tendon, teeth, and bone.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81f0bbddfe174770b1d2fa2a4d799cee",
            "input": "One governor of this state, Robert Lucas, successfully retained a strip of land after mobilizing militia at the Maumee River, and the Adena culture in this state constructed the Great Serpent Mound. Agents from this state were ordered to return all \"tax\" money seized from the Bank of the United States in the case Osborn v. Bank of US, and Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase served as governor of this state. A senator from this state was known as \"Mr. Republican\" and co-wrote the Taft-Hartley Act, while another senator from here authored the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. For 10 points, name this state whose former senator, John Glenn, founded a school at a university in Columbus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d62de7e2f150422ba120888e543d4cf9",
            "input": "This novel's protagonist befriends a woman at a mosque after assuming she was wearing shoes, and that woman later dies on a ship while the protagonist is on trial. During the Krishna Festival, the protagonist meets Stella, and this novel is divided into sections including \"Mosque\" and \"Temple.\" This novel takes place in [*] Chandrapore, where Ronny Heaslop, Mrs. Moore's son, rejects Cyril Fielding's advice and decides not to marry Adela Quested when she withdraws charges against the protagonist. For 10 points, name this novel in which Dr. Aziz is accused of raping a woman at the Marabar Caves, written by E. M. Forster.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18a7fd6ca14e4c5f9bf2221f57aabbe8",
            "input": "god turned the intrusive Agraulos to stone for easier access to her sister Herse, and he laid a trap so he could catch and rape the swift Cretan princess Apemosyne. He's not Poseidon, but this deity turned Battos to stone and Hierax into a hawk for tattling on two of his exploits. In one story, this deity wins back the sinews of Zeus from Typhon, and he kills the giant Hippolytos with a golden sword. This god is robbed by Arabs in one of Aesop's fables. He was honored by namesake rectangular sculptures topped with his head and usually placed at crossings and boundaries. This god's most sacred ground was the place of his birth, Mt. Kyllene, and along with Zeus he rewarded Philemon and Bauchis for their hospitality. As a child, this god crafted the first lyre after stealing Apollo's cattle. For 10 points, name this owner of the caduceus and some winged sandals, the Greek messenger god.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a98130ea40ff466f8970479bfff318b6",
            "input": "An astronomical device called a torquetum (tor-KAY-tum) is depicted near the top-right of this painting, while a crucifix half-hidden behind a curtain can be seen in the top-left corner. A globe is placed next to one of the title figures, who wears a large fur-trimmed coat and stands on an Oriental carpet. This painting depicts Georges de Selve and Jean de Denteville, as well as an example of anamorphosis (aa-nah-more-FO-sis). For 10 points, name this painting with a notable distorted skull, painted by Hans Holbein the Younger.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0195e3baace4c019115e77e8a3bffe1",
            "input": "In this novel, a promise by Mr. Brown to resume festivities after the rain ends causes the rainfall to continue incessantly for over four years. Another character is able to break crockery at the slightest touch, and that character and sixteen others by the same name are killed on Ash Wednesday. Other characters include Remedios, who levitates to heaven, and Ursula, the matriarch, who sees the rise and fall of various members of the Buendia family, who live in Macondo. For 10 points, identify this work of Gabriel Garcia Marquez.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-161328d640bf48c98fb20afab0327217",
            "input": "In the second act of this opera, one character returns a gold coin to another. That act opens at the inn of Lillas Pastia and sees Dancare and Remendado inform the title character that they must dispose of their contraband. The Card Song plays in this operas third act and is sung by the protagonists friends Frasquita and Mercds, after the male protagonist sings the Flower Song. The Toreador song is sung by the bullfighter Escamillo, who is shot at by Don Jos before he stabs the title gypsy, who proclaims that love is a rebellious bird in her Habanera. For 10 points, name this Georges Bizet opera about a Spanish gypsy cigarette girl.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-86729220103d47c08ab4ecca12830743",
            "input": "This pathway can be used to reduce the amount of the toxic terpenoid gossypol in cotton seeds without doing so in the rest of the plant. The original research on this concept was performed using the unc-22 and unc-54 genes, important to muscle contraction. One result of this pathway sees cleavage by Argonaute. This process begins when a certain type of double-stranded nucleic acid is cleaved by the Dicer enzyme and incorporated into the RISC. A diet of transformed bacteria induces this process in C. elegans, where it was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello. For 10 points, name this cellular mechanism which stops the transcription of a gene.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6fa8f11c56a43c289af7838a6430e53",
            "input": "The people associated with this nation were pushed to the west of the Don by the Khazars and settled in their current location in the ninth century. Esztergom served as the capital of this nation's people in the 11th century when they were ruled by the Arpad Dynasty, the most notable exemplar of which was St. Stephen I, who converted them to Western Christianity. Eventually this kingdom reached as far south as Transylvania, but after the Mongols crushed them in the 13th century, the capital was moved to Buda. In the nineteenth century, it agreed to a dual monarchy with one seat of power in Vienna. FTP identify this nation in the Carpathians, south of Austria and the Czech Republic, with a capital at Budapest.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c07ab58d93a458fa6b06eac1468b362",
            "input": "This country's northwest is home to the Islamic Uighur (WEE-gur) people. The leader of another religion from this country described the \"Five Great Relationships\" and listed virtues like \"reciprocity\" and \"culture\" in one of the \"Four Books.\" Adherents of a third religion from this country follow the practice of \"no action,\" or wu wei. For 10 points, identify this country home to Confucianism and Daoism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ff3f1605eb784045a894c675f47d71f4",
            "input": "This thinker argued that propositions were the true objects of thought in an early paper titled, \"The Nature of Judgment\", the ideas of which are taken largely from this philosopher's dissertation, \"The Metaphysical Basis of Ethics\". This thinker denied that one could conclude that all relations are internal from Leibniz's law in the paper \"External and Internal Relations\", while another famous paper by this philosopher asked whether esse was principi en route to arguing against A.E. Taylor's version of the titular philosophy. This philosopher offered his hands as the titular concept in his paper titled \"Proof of an external world\", and in his most famous work argued that it was impossible to define goodness in natural terms. The author of \"The Refutation of Idealism\", for 10 points, identify this thinker who critiqued the naturalistic fallacy in his magnum opus, Principia Ethica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c06571d9db1a486c9352637e8d14e780",
            "input": "One novel set in this city features \"apparat\"s that share data about characters like Eunice Park and Lenny Abramov. That novel is Gary Shtyenngart's Super Sad True Love Story. In another novel set here a key found in an envelope prompts a meeting at which William Black is told by Oskar Schell about a voicemail consisting of the repeated phrase \"Are you there\" In another novel set here Keith Neudecker's estranged wife Lianne repeatedly sees the title street performer. For 10 points, name this setting of Jonathan Safran Foer's Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close and Don DeLillo's Falling Man, both of which center on responses to the 9/11 attacks.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fcfabc64356f4bbb9efbfe4a22249e28",
            "input": "The Declaration of St. Germain ended much of the fighting in this conflict and during it the arrest of Pierre Broussel led to a mass barricade demonstration. It was interrupted by the Peace of Rueil, and one of its prominent participants, Marshall Turenne, pursued the Prince de Conde into the Spanish Netherlands. Divided into parts named for the Parliament and the Nobles, it occurred during the regency of Anne of Austria. Followed by the Franco-Spanish War and sparked by dissatisfaction with the policies of Cardinal Mazarin, it drew its name from the children's slings used by participants. For 10 points, name this peasant uprising during the early rule of Louis XIV.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f9e6d13c45dd424c9476b29e56bf573e",
            "input": "In a 1984 study, J.G. Miller showed that this was less common among Indian Hindus than Americans. The common term for it was first coined in the work \"The Intuitive Psychologist and His Shortcomings\", while studies by Daniel Gilbert have shown it to be more common when cognitive load is high. Lee Ross coined the term for it in 1977, while Edward Jones and Victor Harris demonstrated it in a famous 1967 experiment in which subjects read essays and were then asked to rate the authors attitudes toward Fidel Castro. Also called the \"correspondence bias,\" FTP, name this psychological tendency to over-emphasize personality attributes and under-emphasize situational attributes in explaining the behavior of others.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bfa2447bcd154649b15be0059afd1544",
            "input": "Two species of bullhead fish introduced into this body of water in the 1960s died out within thirty years due to changing salinity, which also encourage the growth of saxaul plants on its shores. Vozrozhdeniya Island in this body of water was used as a research station for (*) biological weapons. The delta between Muynak and Nukus on the southern coast of this sea was a center for muskrat trapping, one source of employment for the Karakalpak people. The Qaraqum Canal  diverted water to irrigate cotton fields that should have flowed into this sea, which could no longer be replenished by the Syr Darya. For 10 points, name this sea once found between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52af94bd8e5f4640834720fad3c2ca67",
            "input": "character in this work sings the drinking song \"Trinke, Liebchen, trinke schnell,\" and another sings a traditional song called a \"czardas\" while pretending to be a Hungarian countess. In an aria sometimes referred to as his \"song,\" one character in this opera advises his guests to indulge their fancies or \"Chacun  son gout. \" When confronted by her husband in the guise of a judge, the lead soprano produces a repeater (*) stop-watch as evidence of his flirtations. That character is surprised to find Alfred serving his jail sentence after running into his wife Rosalinde and her maid Adele at a farcical ball orchestrated by Falke. For 10 points, name this work in which Eisenstein attends Prince Orlofsky's ball, an operetta titled by Johann Strauss after a flying mammal.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa81f6b30fc24cd7b32fd2c3dd506db2",
            "input": "This author discusses how the concept of \"leaf\" is a mere approximation, and the concept of \"honesty\" is even more so, in a work that claims \"every word immediately becomes a concept.\" In one of his works, this author of \"On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense\" discusses the Apollonian and Dionysian dichotomy to describe how a dramatic genre came into existence. In another work, he created a character named the Madman who proclaims, \"God is dead.\" For 10 points, name this author of The Gay Science, The Birth of Tragedy, and Beyond Good and Evil.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c0aed7bb762244ff91f0f6a57b100d8b",
            "input": "One of the three major sources for this work is a ballad from Runeberg's Songs of Ensign Stal about Lotta Svard, while another is the novel The Runagate Courage. One scene opens with one of the title characters singing \"The Song of the Great Capitulation,\" while another features the successful sale of a capon. In the end, three of the four title characters are killed, as Kattrin is shot while beating an alarm on the roof of a farmhouse, Eilif is executed in retribution for his brutality to peasants, and Swiss Cheese dies after refusing to give up his regiment's cash-box. The twelve scenes of the play cover a period between 1624 and 1636, during which the first title character follows the Protestant armies of the Thirty Years War. FTP, name this work that was first produced in 1941, a play by Bertolt Brecht.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47beff9b892541bfa17fb8a754bc513b",
            "input": "One failed strategy in this war was the Strategic Hamlet Program, and the Iron Triangle and Cu Chi were some of the extensive tunnels used by one side in this war. After this war, William Calley was convicted for his role in a massacre, and during it, a Buddhist monk immolated himself in protest of [*] Ngo Dinh Diem's policies. The My Lai massacre was perpetrated during this war, which saw the use of Agent Orange. The U.S. embassy was subjected to a surprise attack during this war's Tet Offensive, and America fully entered this conflict after the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. For 10 points, name this proxy of the Cold War, after which Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a44b9989dfff43d3a9129c7aa4648659",
            "input": "The cooling named for this effect is a type of laser cooling that impacts particles within a certain   range of speeds. A profile named for this effect is used to find the temperature of a gas based on the  way that this effect broadens spectral lines. The transverse type of this effect is explained by the   time dilation of special relativity and was confirmed by the Ives-Stilwell experiment. Astronomical  measures of this effect led to the development of Hubble's Law and the belief that the universe  is expanding. Name this change of frequencies such as redshifts and blueshifts caused by relative  velocities between a source and observer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7259e372c44044eda9e0052f4408c272",
            "input": "This object once crashed into the Maffei I group, ejecting the latter from its group. Companions to this object include the Pegasus and Cassiopeia dwarves. The bright globular cluster G1, also known as Mayall II, is in this object. In 1991, this object was discovered to have a double nucleus. This object's apparent neighbor, the Triangulum galaxy, may be gravitationally bound to it. Edwin Hubble discovered the first Cepheid variable in this galaxy, proving that it was not a star cluster in the Milky Way. Named for and contained in a constellation including Sirrah, for 10 points, name this large member of the Local Group, the nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b99c06aee0294cd4a477e6ead5d4feb7",
            "input": "When Cardano applied it to the formula, \"x cubed equals 15x plus 4,\" it gave an answer involving the square root of  \"negative 121,\" but he knew the equation had \"x equals 4\" as a solution, so he showed that it could work with quantities more general than real numbers. A false proof it was given by Leibniz when he asserted that \"x to the fourth plus t to the fourth\" could not be written as a product of two real quadratic factors, but he didn't notice that the square root of \"i\"could be written in the form \"a plus (b times i). \"   It simply states that every polynomial equation of degree \"n\" with complex coefficients has \"n\" roots in the complex numbers. FTP, name this basic theorem of mathematics.\t",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dee5d08b52ce47d8a245d9b2da8308ae",
            "input": "Weyls theorem can be used to show that the Dirchlet type of these are asymptotic, providing an answer to the Mark Kac-proposed question can one hear the shape of a drumIn quantum mechanics, ladder operators alter these quantities by one, and they are taken to be 1 or -1 for the permutation operator. Always real for a Hermitian matrix, they are the roots of the characteristic polynomial, and for diagonal matrices, they are given by the entries of the diagonal. For 10 points, name these scalars that, when multiplying a matrix, are equal to the product of a vector with that matrix and which are usually denoted by the Greek letter lambda.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11765cf325304bf6ad0ee5e6132d758e",
            "input": "This ruler's armies conquered the Zan people of Georgia but suffered losses to a group led by Totila. His forces engaged Gelimer's in the Vandalic War, and a namesake plague during his reign forced him to cancel many of his public works projects. The Chalke and the Baths of Zeuxippus were damaged during his reign after the Blues and Greens united, forcing him to remove Tribonian from office. That mob in the Hippodrome was crushed by his general Belisarius. For 10 points, name this Byzantine emperor who survived the Nika riots, instituted a namesake law code, and reconquered parts of the Western Roman Empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fc75433539154bb8a036f7585ed2a4e1",
            "input": "John Mood wrote books about this author \"on Death and other Oddities\" and \"On Love and other Difficulties. \" William Gass translated this author's concept of \"weltinnenraum\" as \"innerworldspace\" in a book titled \"reading\" this author. This poet described a caged animal who sees \"a thousand bars, and beyond them no world\" in a poem inspired by a Rodin sculpture, and praised Gaspara Sampa as an ideal hero in the first of a set of ten poems. This author of \"thing-poems\" like \"The Panther\" asked \"Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the angelic orders\" in poems named for a castle. For 10 points, name this German poet of the Sonnets to Orpheus and the Duino Elegies.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-448b519245554625a048b5f2d0183533",
            "input": "Some opponents of this agreement denounced the \"November Criminals\" and propagated the \"Stab-in-the-back legend.\" Some of this treaty's terms were set by Lords Sumner and Cunliffe, nicknamed the \"Heavenly Twins.\" An ally of one party involved in this treaty was subject to the Treaty of Trianon, which was signed in a nearby palace. It transferred control of the Saarland and created a \"corridor\" centered on the Free City of Danzig. One delegate here joked that he was \"seated between Jesus Christ and Napoleon\" at its negotiation, and that British Prime Minister was David Lloyd George. For 10 points, name this treaty that punished Germany after World War I.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3cea8baf5664470936c1c7bdabddf46",
            "input": "After struggling with Gruffydd ap Llewellyn for two years, he overran Wales with his army. Despite allegiances he had sworn after being shipwrecked, he accepted the witenagemot's election of him as king. He was promptly forced to put down an attempted led by the Norwegian king Hardraada and his own brother Tostig, which he did successfully at Stamford Bridge. However, in less than a month he took an arrow through the eye at Senlac Hill and was dead. FTP, name this man who briefly rules as king of England before he was defeated at Hastings by William the Conqueror's forces.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f555092ba7264d3fa35ba510c53b8b61",
            "input": "A ruler of this city tortured prisoners in a cave known as his \"ear\" and drank himself to death after his play Ransom of Hector won a prize. Citizens of this non-Athens city could be banished by a system of votes written on leaves, called petalism. This city's celebration of a festival for Artemis allowed Romans under Marcus Claudius Marcellus to infiltrate and capture it. This city defeated Asdrubal at the Crimissus under the command of Timoleon, decades after beating Carthage at the battle of Himera. Tyrants of this city included Agathocles, Dionysius the Elder, and Hiero II, who legendarily commissioned a resident of this city to build a death ray and a mechanical claw to resist the Romans. For 10 points, name this Sicilian city that was home to Archimedes.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6620aa7553442b89f122f6c98f513d0",
            "input": "Judith Weir was inspired by this author to compose a concerto for 10 instruments entitled Musicians Wrestle Everywhere, and Leon Kirchner's The Twilight Stood is based on this author's \"There Came a Wind Like a Bugle\". The first of Simon Holt's Two Movements for String Quartet, based on poems of this author, begins with a rapid viola solo that imitates the ($) flight of an insect and is titled \"Blue -- uncertain stumbling Buzz\". Aaron Copland set works such as \"Heart, we will forget him!\" and \"I felt a funeral, in my brain\" in his 12 Poems of this author, and the third movement of John Adams's Harmonium is based on this poet's (*) \"Wild Nights.\" For ten points, name this reclusive \"Belle of Amherst\", whose \"I heard a fly buzz when I died\" and \"Because I could not stop for death\" have often been set to music.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e89c6054c9bf4cf48c620f3b455ffb06",
            "input": "When they are threaded by magnetic fields, they can exhibit waves that propagate in the direction of the field known as Alfven waves, while their characteristics are frequently measured with a Langmuir probe. The kinematic behavior of these entities, which exhibit a collisionless power transfer known as Landau damping, is governed by the Vlasov equation, and a fluid model of processes in them is known as magnetohydrodynamics. They do not allow the propagation of waves below their namesake frequency, and the characteristic shielding parameter in them is known as the Debye length. Often contained in tokamaks, FTP, identify this state of matter consisting of an ionized gas.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40690e5d397c4c4fa751313ea90ad977",
            "input": "This man showed an early interest in the work of Jacob van Ruisdeal, whose forest scenes influenced a piece by this man that sees a farmer walking down a curving path in the center of the painting, with a mountain range visible in the background. That work, Wooded Upland Landscape, is similar to another work of this man, set in his home town, which sees a person seated in front of an embankment near a small pond while trees and clouds dominate the rest of the painting, titled Landscape in Suffolk. In addition to landscapes, he painted portraits of John Campbell, the 4th Duke of Argyll, as well as a portrait of a Suffolk couple titled Mr. and Mrs. Andrews. For 10 points, name this English portrait artist, a rival of Joshua Reynolds best known for a painting of Jonathan Buttall.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d84f6320dec84825acd371f62959a1d1",
            "input": "One variety of this economic concept arises from maximizing utility within a fixed budget, and another arises from setting a target level of utility and minimizing cost. Those are elated to each other by the Slutsky equation and are known as its Marshallian and Hicksian forms. In macroeconomics, this is equal to the sum of consumer spending, government spending, private investment, and net exports, called its aggregate form. For 10 points, identify this economic concept which describes the willingness of consumers to pay a price for a good or service, often paired with supply.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08c13d5ff0784e2c8abc0e29fcacf8b4",
            "input": "The part of his contextual theory of knowledge that he dubbed the \"right to be sure\" made him, along with Roderick Chisholm, one of the two examples set out at the start of Edmund Gettier's paper on justified true belief. This man's essay \"Replies\" posits that he could debunk the statement \"Caesar is a human\" by naming his dog \"Caesar,\" and he also wrote a book of responses to Charles Sanders Peirce and William James entitled The Origins of Pragmatism. His major work begins by proclaiming \"the elimination of metaphysics\" and goes on to adopt an emotivist approach to moral statements, arguing that any propositions which transcend sensory reality are meaningless. For 10 points, name this British philosopher whose epistemological verificationism is found in Language, Truth and Logic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5772d3f4e8594863b520ea3854842dee",
            "input": "In the late 19th century, this country saw a civil war known as the Revolution of the Lances, and its 20th century history saw the rise of the Battlista party, founded by Jose Battle y Ordonez. This country's independence was achieved as the result of the efforts of the Blandengues, led by Jose Artigas. Following indedpendence, this country saw a \"Great War,\" a power struggle between supporters of Jose Rivera and Manuel Oribe known as the Colorados and the Blancos, respectively, and together with Argentina and Brazil, this nation formed the Triple Alliance that battled Paraguay in the war of the same name. First explored by Juan Diaz de Solis and originally known as the Banda Oriental, for ten points, identify this South American country with capital at Montevideo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f43e6a194d449eca2f93388fe5e4207",
            "input": "He's not William the Conqueror, but this man compiled his law code in a \"Doom Book.\" This king was attacked at Chippenham by an enemy who later became his godson. According to Bishop Asser, his biographer, after this king defeated Guthram at Eddington, he and Guthram signed the Treaty of Wedmore, and the latter confined his Vikings beyond Watling Street, in the Danelaw. This king supposedly [*] translated many theological works, such as St. Augustine's Soliloquies, into Anglo-Saxon. For 10 points, name this king of Wessex and first king of a united England, the only one known as \"the Great.\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf150a349a2f4389b81eb10f4713dd28",
            "input": "The Kullback-Leibler divergence can be used to rewrite an expression due to this man, which can be proven by Jensens inequality and extended to Fanos inequality. With Marangoni he names an effect arising from surface tension differences, while he also lends his name to the increased error of a Fourier series near a jump discontinuity, and with Duhem names an equation giving a relationship between chemical potential changes. Bakhuis Roozeboom verified a rule named after him which states that the number of chemical components minus the degrees of freedom plus two is the number of phases, his namesake phase rule. For 10 points, name this American scientist, who also has a namesake free energy",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04f401aacfa4485da240e4d8de28c2cb",
            "input": "In a work by this man, Prosperine is the secretary of James Morell, and that work sees Eugene Marchbanks declare his love to the title character. His other works include one in which George Crofts and Frank Gardner both want to marry one central character. In another of his works, Raina Petkoff marries her \"chocolate cream soldier,\" Captain Bluntschli. Another work by this playwright of Candida features characters like Colonel Pickering, and centers on Henry Higgins' bet that he can purify Eliza Doolittle's speech. For 10 points, name this playwright of Arms and the Man, and Mrs. Warren's Profession, Major Barbara, and Pygmalion.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa5fa643e4d9401897f71dbc613f8a71",
            "input": "This being's posessions include his altar Samantacakpaka, his arrow Naga-Pasa, and his sword Asi, and he is sometimes depicted wearing a black antelope skin. This god became so angry at the Four Munis, who were praying rather than doing their work, that he created Rudra. The Ramayana claims that this being was originally a boar, and one story tells of how he lusted for Sandhya after the birth of Kama, despite Sandhya being his daughter. This god, who sprouted additional heads so he could look at his wife, may have emerged from the Narayana, a golden egg. He rides Hansa the goose and his consort is Sarisvati. For 10 points, name this Hindu good associated with creation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-894104b1f9894cab9347a179ecd01ffa",
            "input": "This concept arose out of a participant observation study of a cult that believed that the earth was going to be destroyed by a flood. The prototypical experiment demonstrating it involved a bribe of one or twenty dollars to bribe a confederate into undergoing a specific task and then gauging impressions from an initial set of students. That experiment was set up by J. Merrill Carlsmith and Leon Festinger, who first proposed it. FTP, name this theory that describe a state in which individuals must choose between attitudes and behaviors that are contradictory and claims that individuals often change their attitudes to justify their behavior",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2aadf04d943948be8fc1e40f5d4d03e7",
            "input": "Having fought in the Chaco War, this man served as commander-in-chief of his nation's armed forces from 1951-54, and in 1954 he ousted President Frederico Chavez. Nicknamed Colonel Trunk, he essentially ruled as a totalitarian, and membership in his Colorado Party was a requirement for most jobs. His country became notorious for its illegal trade, drug trafficing, and harboring of NAZI war criminals, and in 1989 he was ousted by so-called \"traditionalists\" led by Andres Rodriguez. FTP, who was this son of a German immigrant, the long-time president of Paraguay",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62562b8a8e71424fb9b1ee4e2fe8c415",
            "input": "One action during this conflict involving the US Eighth Army and X Corps was known as the Home by Christmas Offensive. This war saw the largest humanitarian rescue by a single ship occur, which was captained by Leonard LaRue and led to the SS Meredith Victory being known as the \"\"Ship of Miracles. \"\" Also known as the 6-2-5 War, this war included the Battles of Onjong, Changjin Reservoir, and Inchon. Described as a police action, for 10 points, name his 1950-1953 war that led to the creation of two nations on its namesake peninsula.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0bff4e9a2a194d019a88f9b2a92798f1",
            "input": "A man involved in this event dubbed himself \"Mr. John Johnson,\" and many involved in this event were captured by Richard Walsh. Several others participants in this event were eventually killed or captured at Holbeach House. Oswald Tesimond related news of this to Father Henry Garnet, who was executed for being aware of this event, and Everard Digby, Ambrose Rokewood, and Robert Catesby were plotters in this event, but it was betrayed by Francis Tresham to Lord Monteagle before it could be carried out. FTP, name this plot to assassinate James I that was with explosives prepared by Guy Fawkes.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-481324583eeb4e53a5cd12898746333d",
            "input": "country's plight was represented symbolically in a depiction of Roman soldiers dragging gladiators off the field of battle painted by Juan Luna and called the Spoliarium. Its independence was advocated in the newspaper La solidaridad which was run by Galicano Apacible and other members of its Propaganda Movement. A battle sometimes known as the \"Thermopylae\" of this place occurred at Tirad Pass and saw the death of Gregorio del Pilar. Members of its Katipunan society tore up their mandatory documents in an event known as the Cry of Balintawak, which was led by Andres Bonafacio. Another of its leaders was captured by Frederick Funston after working in concert with George Dewey during the Spanish American War. For 10 points, name this island nation led by Emilio Aguinaldo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b64779fb38e94618ab1aeb6b705cefbf",
            "input": "One potential issue with these objects can be obviated with the tortoise-and-hare algorithm or Floyds circle-finding algorithm, which is a linear-time procedure for finding loops. The amortized runtime for most operations on these structures can be reduced by building an array on each container, or by building-up from one of these a multi-level parallel series of them; those are the techniques of unrolling and skip creation. If the ends of these are protected with self-referential containers called sentinels, they are not prone to cause addressing faults, which usually result from moving past the end. Uni-directional iterators were created to work with these data structures, which are commonly implemented as objects containing a value and a pointer to an object of the same kind. For ten points, name these data structures idealized as series of chained nodes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe98200a067047518a8acda9d6e6f943",
            "input": "The title character of his last unfinished novel falls in love with Agnes de Saverne and struggles with the villainous Baron de la Motte. The title character of his last finished novel is left penniless after his father, Brand Firmin, loses his fortune and flees to America, after which his cousin Agnes Twysden rejects him. In addition to Denis Duval and The Adventures of Philip, he wrote such Christmas books as The Rose and the Ring and a novel about an Irish adventurer, Barry Lyndon. FTP, name this Victorian novelist of The Newcomes, The History of Henry Esmond, and Vanity Fair.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-610aa401a4e54ac7bed63eb9d1e0caac",
            "input": "A brown-and-white dog stands at the bank of a small river in the foreground of this work, while a white-walled building with a peaked roof and a brick chimney sits on the left in front of copse which ends near the centerline of the canvas. The trees are now gone, but the building, owned by Willy Lott, survives almost unaltered to this day. It did not attract attention until displayed in France, where it was praised by Gericault. Depicting a scene in the River Stour in Suffolk, two black horses wading in the river pull the title object, which carries two men. FTP, name this 1821 painting by John Constable, which shares its name with a triptych by Hieronymous Bosch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5604e5a27f8b4605a69546a0f7218b3b",
            "input": "He expounded his views on agapasm, synechism, and tychism in a series of articles published in The Monist that included \"Man's Glassy Essence\". In \"Some Consequences of Four Incapacities\" he argued against Cartesian skepticism, though his best known articles appeared in the Popular Science Monthly starting in 1877 and included \"The Fixation of Belief\" and \"How to Make Our Ideas Clear\". FTP, name this American philosopher, a pioneer of semiotics who founded the philosophical movement known as pragmatism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d68bf726ae1a44919c4bdc8020630935",
            "input": "We see her contented childhood in The Bridal Wreath, but she marries unhappily in The Mistress of Husaby. In The Cross, the final volume of the trilogy concerning her, her husband is killed and she enters a convent, where she dies in 1349 of the Black Plague. FTP, identify this title character of three historical novels set in medieval Norway, for which the Nobel Prize in 1928 was awarded to Sigrid Undset.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2186d7f92ac1408fa94b0d69d4f2457b",
            "input": "In one ballet by this composer, Danilo is shown the title object by the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. In another ballet by him, music for grasshoppers and dragonflies comes between the variations for the Summer Fairy and Autumn Fairy. In one ballet by him, an \"Aubade\" if followed by the \"Dance of the Girls with Lilies\". One ballet by this composer of The Stone Flower features the sisters Skinny and Dumpy. Jascha Heifetz arranged for violin and piano a \"March\" from one of this composer's operas. In that opera by him, the magician Tchelio loses a card game to Fata Morgana, who curses the Prince with the title obsession. In one of his ballets, the \"Dance of the Knights\" depicts the tension between the Montagues and Capulets. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet and the opera The Love for Three Oranges.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-540e80256e3f41d3be1960b9ec11e403",
            "input": "This man got into the army despite his poor eyesight by allegedly memorizing the eyechart before he took the test, and he once lost an election for county judge due to influence of the KKK. Among the acts passed over his veto were one that provided for the use of concentration camps \"for emergency reasons\" and another that he claimed \"would deprive workers of vital protection\"; those were the McCarran Act and the Taft-Hartley Act. The Chicago Tribune erroneously claimed that he had been defeated by Thomas Dewey. FTP, name this president from Missouri, who among other things ordered the atomic bombs dropped on Japan, and started the Korean War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3edb5ea083943b59adae55099892147",
            "input": "This mans early lectures were published under Lectures of Jurisprudence, while also published posthumously was a work describing the history of Astronomy, Ancient Physics, and Ancient Logic, titled Essays of Philosophical Subjects. He attempted to describe the principles of human nature in his The Theory of Moral Sentiments, but he is best remembered for detailing the societal effects of the invisible hand. For 10 points, name this Scottish political economist who wrote The Wealth of Nations.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51bb7ae902f64d61a9421dba8b0f2626",
            "input": "This man gives his name, along with that of Francis Sears, to a process in ultrasonic imaging for which the acoustic wavefronts act as optical gratings to diffract the light on either side of the central spot. The distance over which charge carriers in plasmas exclude electric fields via his namesake shielding is also known as his namesake length. With an assistant later famous in his own right for his rule for determining whether ring molecules would show aromatic properties, he developed a mathematical expression to explain characteristics of electrolytic solutions, the famous equation named for him and Erich Hckel. FTP name this man who also gives his name to the SI unit defined as about 3.3 x 10-30 Coulomb meters, which measures the molecular dipole moment.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3b1b17a7ec44b528fee84a0e299009d",
            "input": "When put in the momentum equation, this quantity is represented mathematically as two times capital omega cross v. When the Rossby number equals one, the net acceleration is due to this quantity, as gravitational and centripetal accelerations cancel. The Beta Effect describes the variation in this quantity with (*) latitude, such that it is zero at the equator and a maximum at the poles. For 10 points, name this weak force caused by the rotation of the Earth, which contrary to myth does not actually make toilets flush in different directions in different hemispheres.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3305dbd8d72643f1bd2995fee7807789",
            "input": "Indian tribes exclusive to this state like the Nansemond and Nottoway are not among its only two reservations that are held by the Mattaponi and the Pamunkey. This American state has the counties of Prince Edward, Brunswick, and Halifax, all of which predate Canada. Its highest point is Mount Rogers. The state flag of this place has a toga-clad man standing on the chest of a fallen toga-man atop this state's state motto. Historic sites on the Historic Triangle of this state can be found in a part of this state that holds cities such as Poquoson and Newport News, the Hampton Roads area. This Old Dominion state contains Shenandoah National Park. For 10 points, name this state home to Charlottesville and Richmond.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-574a0de32af3409193a5efa0c70e9485",
            "input": "The Supersemar order led to the massacre of thousands of Communist in this nation, which was directed by the future leader of the Golkar Party. That occurred after the 30 September movement, which indirectly caused the rise of the man who was later succeeded by Jusuf Habibie. Although neither the Linggarjati Agreement nor the Renville Agreement could bring peace in this nation, it ultimately secured its independence at the Hague Round-Table Conference. The five principles of Pancasila and the abbreviation NASAKOM were concepts related to the leader of the non-aligned movement from this nation, and the Bandung Conference occurred here. For 10 points, name this Asian country whose leaders included Megawati, Suharto, and Sukarno, the most populous Muslim nation.   \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd811537f479491f91969ac5d0c8a5b5",
            "input": "Throughout its production, this opera had three different versions and four different overtures. Set in a Spanish political prison, the plot centers around the governor of the prison, Don Pizarro, antagonizing the wrongfully incarcerated Florestan. Florestans wife, Leonore, disguises herself as the titular prison guard in a heroic attempt to rescue him. FTP name this only opera of Ludwig van Beethoven.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-67273f924af24028a5ce5f07bed4063f",
            "input": "When TFEB translocates to the nucleus, it results in a corresponding increase in the number of these organelles. A glycosphingolipid in this organelle, iGb3, is necessary for the production of natural killer cells. P-type lectins direct enzymes that have been tagged with mannose-6-phosphate to this organelle. Christian Rene de Duve discovered this organelle after centrifuging liver cells and discovering an abnormally high amount of acid phosphatase. Malfunction of this organelle can lead to a buildup of gangliosides in Tay-Sachs disease. For 10 points, name these organelles that perform autophagy by digesting unneeded or excess cellular materials.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-439873865544406280d0db40d187859d",
            "input": "Its author used William Jones as a source in his claims that virtue and holiness does not proceed from reflection. According to this work, all objects of perception must follow a four form principle: the physical form, the mathematical form, the logical form, and the moral form. Reality is an object in the mind of the subject, a perception of the perceiver. Reality is also determined by will, which is not governed by the principle of sufficient reason. FTP, these concepts are purported in what book which dichotomizes reality by Arthur Schopenhaur",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a47ba9cadbf4e839097ee581f8e031a",
            "input": "It has been called The Helen of Geometers, because it often caused quarrels among 17th century mathematicians. First studied by Nicholas of Cusa and named by Galileo, it is an example of a roulette curve. It is related to the epitrochoid and hypotrochoid curves, which can be constructed using a Spirograph toy. The solution to both the (*) tautochrone and brachistochrone problems, its area is 3 times that of the generating circle, and its length is 4 times the diameter of the generating circle. FTP, name this curve traced by a fixed point on the edge of a circle rolling along a straight line.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35e775e013554e97b9fc176949dd83a8",
            "input": "One work by this composer in the twelve-tone method uses only ten notes for the tone row and the other two notes for cadences. This composer of Piano Fantasy was commissioned by Benny Goodman to write a clarinet concerto. Another work by this composer that is scored for only brass and percussion begins with the ascending notes G C G played by trumpets. Martha Graham choreographed a work by this composer that includes the Shaker hymn \"Simple Gifts\" and centers on newlyweds in Pennsylvania who build a house. For 10 points, name this American composer of Fanfare for the Common Man and the ballet Appalachian Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a7e2d4d87c78404ca6383d73939c8f14",
            "input": "A viscous fluid and an elastic spring connected in series characterizes this scientist's namesake model of viscoelasticity. Equating the second mixed partial derivatives of each of the four thermodynamic potentials is the derivation of the set of fundamental thermodynamic equations named for this scientist. This scientist proposed a thought experiment in which high velocity (*) gas particles accumulate selectively on one side of a divided container, violating the 2nd law of thermodynamics. This man names another set of equations that can be used to derive the wave equation for an electromagnetic wave. For 10 points, Gauss's laws, Faraday's law, and Ampere's law are the 4 fundamental equations of electromagnetism named for what scientist, who also theorized a namesake \"demon\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ab251c09dbb4f28942e781ea70b535b",
            "input": "This element was never present in the Canyon Diablo Troilite, which is why that body defines the origin for plotting the geochron. Ratios between isotopes of a daughter nuclide of this element were used by Clair Patterson to date the Earth. This element was the cause of reactions in the Oklo mine in Gabon. This element forms only in the r-process, and one of the main reasons the age of the galaxy is so imprecisely known is its uncertain production ratio relative to (*) Thorium in supernova emissions. Its decay to lead-206 and 207 is used in a radiometric dating scheme. Its 235 isotope is the only naturally-occurring fissile isotope. For 10 points, name this actinide, the heaviest naturally-occurring element.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8649340382b483fb03f09910a9b3357",
            "input": "The action centers around a young soldier whose mother keeps a wineshop in the village square. When he went away to serve in the army he was betrothed to Lola, but on his return he found her married to Alfio, the teamster. The soldier, Turiddu, having thus lost Lola, consoled himself by making love to another village girl, Santuzza. Before long he betrayed, then abandoned her, transferring his affections back to Lola. Alfio kills Turiddu in a duel and Mamma Lucia and Santuzza faint. This summarizes the action in, FTP, what 1890 opera by Pietro Mascagni",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a09b3ce83e674d6e836d528ac5acbf41",
            "input": "In this novel, the protagonist's wife is raped by Phil Connor, and the protagonist's final job in this novel is at Tommy Hind's hotel. Mike Scully's War-Whoop League provides political favor to impoverished workers in this novel. This novel begins with the traditional Lithuanian Veselija wedding feast in which Ona and the protagonist, Jurgis Rudkus, are married in Packingtown. For 10 points, name this novel by Upton Sinclair that graphically described Chicago's meat industry.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e82388ee137041f8b701ff8899ac244e",
            "input": "The receptors of this compound interact with the drugs sumatriptan [soo- mah-TRIP-tahn] and zolmitriptan. Carcinoid tumors release this compound, which is metabolized into 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid. This compound is structurally similar to tryptamine with a hydroxyl group at the five position. This compound is synthesized by neurons in the raphe [REY-fee] nuclei, but 90% of it is located in entero-chromaffin cells. For 10 points, name this neurotransmitter whose re-uptake is selectively inhibited by Zoloft, Prozac, and other anti-depressants known as SSRIs.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cbb60671b886414787bdfba8f7d42b74",
            "input": "This man composed a Grand Duo for piano and cello based on Meyerbeer's opera Robert the Devil, and eight of this man's works make up the Mikhael Folkine ballet blanc \"Les Sylphides,\" and another work contains three repetitions of a D-flat Major melody interrupted by one in C sharp minor and is entitled \"Raindrop,\" This man's second piano sonata alludes to Beethoven's 32nd sonata and is nicknamed \"Funeral March,\" and the left hand rapidly plays a sequence of harmonic minor scales in \"Revolutionary Etude. \" Most famous for his preludes and nocturnes, for 10 points, identify this Polish-French composer of the \"Minute Waltz. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d29e7d4552f465f951544b3c6a1c3fa",
            "input": "Among the ethnic groups that predominate on the coast of this country are the Tsimihety and the Sakalava as well as one that claims descent from the pirate Ratsimilaho, the Betsimisaraka. A groundbreaking study by Otto Dahl concluded that the dominant language in this country shares much of its vocabulary with the Maanjan language of the Barito River Valley. This country's central highlands include tribal groups descended from East Africans as well as culturally dominant groups such as the Betsileo and the Merina, the latter of which controlled a namesake kingdom that was ended by the French in the Franco-Hova War. One member of the Merina ethnic group, Marc Ravalomanana, was deposed in a March 2009 political crisis. This country also saw ethnic controversy throughout the 1970s as coastal elites tried to replace the French language with the Austronesian language Malagasy. FTP, identify this country located on the fourth-largest island in the world.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9da7827df51a4dd58c90943383415996",
            "input": "One of the works of this composer begins with a syncopated chromatic scale from the strings, ending on the remote chord of A flat minor, before launching into the C major Allegro ma non troppo exposition, which is partly based on Symphony No. 7 of Sibelius. One of his choral works, themed around a radical leap of faith, begins in Gregorian chant, while in the second section an oboe solo accompanies the chorus in their now polyphonic chant, \"Thou Art Unchanging. \" In addition to Symphony in One Movement and Prayers of Kierkegaard, he wrote a concerto for flute, oboe, and trumpet named for the zodiacal month when he could see the aurora from home, (*) Capricorn Concerto. Better-known works are a series of 10 choral pieces including \"Promiscuity,\" \"A Monk & His Cat,\" & \"Longings of an Eremite,\" the Hermit Songs, a work inspired by Prometheus Unbound, this composer's Setting for a Scene from Shelley, and an opera where David, Geraldine, Bill, & Sally play the title game, A Hand of Bridge. FTP name this American composer of Revenge of Medea, Vanessa, and a piece in B Flat later recast as an Agnus Dei, his Adagio for Strings.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3211a66626a24d779ade4298b760eb72",
            "input": "This figure owned a three-cornered spear with a wolf on the blade, a bruin on the tip, and a colt on the shaft, which he used to lay low a bear that had been sent to ravage his lands. He once found a crying boat and consoled it by outfitting it as a great warship. This man consulted the sleeping giant Antero Vipunen to discover the lost words he once sought in the underworld. This man once forced one rival neck-deep into a bog and thus won the hand of Aino, who drowned herself rather than marry this man. He built a kantele of pike bones and can perform magic by singing. For ten points, name this steadfast old man and primary hero of the Kalevala.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4eb7485ccee425e9214904ff8f3fd64",
            "input": "This hero's wife murdered his illegitimate son Chrysippus, the lover of the Theban king Laius. A lover of Poseidon, he married his daughter Eurydice to Perseus' son Electryon. This man passed a curse on to the House of Atreus because he treacherously hurled a son of Hermes off a cliff. This king of Pisa won (*) Hippodamia's hand by having Myrtilus rig a chariot race against King Oenomaus. The Olympians gave this man an ivory shoulder after re-attaching the body parts cooked into a meal by his father. For 10 points, name this son of Tantalus who legendarily lent his name to the peninsula containing Sparta.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6ee6ff8e2f4466390af090aac774661",
            "input": "A messenger is sent to inform the title character of \"an unholy, horrible thing\" in this work. A command to \"not unstop the wineskin's neck\" convinces one character in this work to visit the title character. The title character extracts an oath from that infertile king, Aegeus, which allows the title character to give \"a dress / of soft weave and a coronet of beaten gold\" to another character in this story, as well as pursue an action that the nurse had previously criticized, wondering \"Babes, with their father's sin Why call thy curse on these\" That dress was made with poison which causes the deaths of the king of Corinth, Creon, and his daughter, Glauce. For 10 points, what is this Euripides tragedy that sees the title character kill her children to enact revenge on her husband, Jason",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbbc2455a47b42bc98e0bf92854e9c8b",
            "input": "Ostwald ripening is a consequence of this quantity's dependence on particle size. This quantity is plotted against temperature in an Ellingham diagram, and the Margules and van Laar equations relate this quantity to the activity coefficient. Phillips and Williams modified a diagram plotting this quantity over the Faraday constant against the oxidation state, the (*) Frost diagram. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter appears in a namesake expression giving the \"partial molar\" value of this quantity, also generally referred to as chemical potential. It is equivalent to the work done under constant pressure and temperature, and this quantity \"of formation\" is negative for thermodynamically stable compounds. For 10 points, give this thermodynamic quantity, whose change is equal to the change in enthalpy minus the product of temperature and the change in entropy, which is named after an American scientist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-683168303e994032808c9b1b37721fe2",
            "input": "A quartet of these instruments respond to the trumpet's five-note query in Ives' The Unanswered Question. 19th century orchestras used the conical-bore Meyer version of this instrument, which was created as a reaction to a system created by Theobald Boehm. A physical property of platinum lends its name to Varese's work for this instrument titled Density 21.5. Walter Piston wrote a ballet about an \"Incredible\" player of this instrument, and Vivaldi wrote the concerti La Notte and Il Gardelino for it. Contemporary musicians who play this instrument include Jean Pierre Rampal and James Galway. For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument whose diminutive relative is the piccolo.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-654055c7fc4e4230897f0b45bf41b976",
            "input": "The duct of Wirsung is found in this organ which secretes zymogens that transform into the majority of digestive enzymes. Besides secreting a form of amylase and lipase from its acinar cells, this compound gland is easily affected by acetylcholine and CCK. Attached to the duodenum, for ten points, is what insulin-secreting gland, site of the islets of Langerhans",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb8132a7424e451eb51d20c2362c0635",
            "input": "Those killed during it included the Wereth Eleven. Beginning with assaults on the Losheim Gap and the Elsenborn Ridge, one branch of it involved the capture of a supply depot at Bullingen, resulting in a battle at Baugnez that devolved into the Malmedy massacre. Paratrooper operations included Operation Stosser, while the man behind Operation Panzerfaust returned to run Operation Grief, a disinformation campaign that led to his proclamation as the most dangerous man in Europe. General Anthony McAuliffe gave his famous reply of Nuts! to demands that his encircled 101st Airborne Division surrender at Bastogne and Otto Skorzeny impersonated American soldiers at, for ten points, what final German offensive of World War Two",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01ca3838b6de4940af9acf8f3fedeb6f",
            "input": "An archaic form of this resource was implemented by Bell Labs using a piggyback twistor. A more recent form of this resource that was created using chalcogenide glass is named for the property of phase-changes. The access latency for this resource can be reduced by using a translation-lookaside buffer, as one can avoid looking up things in a page table entry. A redundant organization of this resource is performed by (*) RAID. The top of a \"hierarchy\" of this resource contains processor registers and cache. It can be divided into volatile and non-volatile, the latter of which includes hard drives. For 10 points, name this resource that is used for data storage, an example of which is RAM.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-740ea54e80704fceaae34b39283088f6",
            "input": "A besa, suspending all blood feuds in this nation, had to be called before the Congress of Lushnje could be held after World War I, declaring an end to the Durres Government. Thousands of kilograms of gold were held by the British from this country following a mine attack on British ships in an event known as the Corfu Channel Incident, and this country saw the \"Purge of the Liberals\" and a purge of the military under Mehmet Shehu, whose family was killed after his suicide in 1981. When this country's communist regime fell, its only remaining communist contacts were Laos, Vietnam, and North Korea, as relations with China had cooled over a proposed rapprochement with this country's neighbor, Yugoslavia. In 1997, anarchy spurred an Italian-led peacekeeping mission in, for 10 points, what formerly autarkic Balkan nation which was led until 1985 by Enver Hoxha",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e86f48b4fefa4daf823925114338a951",
            "input": "This books epigraph cites First Corinthians, and argues \"that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die. \" In its eleventh chapter, Mrs. Dickinson predicts a coming holocaust during the farewell party for John Thompson, whose final words are eliminate the vermin. Set in the village of Thabai, this novel ends with Gikonyo reuniting with Mumbi, and shares similar subject matter to its authors earlier novel The River Between. Its main conflict results from the slaying of the brutal District Officer Tom Robson by Kihika, a resistance leader who is hanged after being betrayed to the British by Mugo. Written after its authors conversion to the Marxist ideas of Franz Fanon, FTP, name this novel set during the Mau Mau Rebellion by Ngugi wa Thiongo.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13925370153147fca0151eb32e2bc2e9",
            "input": "This works chapter on Devout Observances begins with a caveat that the truth and beauty of the anthropomorphic cults considered are of too grave import to find a place in so slight a sketch. It describes the coercive factors of industrial exemption in a chapter on The Conservation of Archaic Traits. It calls gambling another subsidiary trait of the barbarian temperament in The Belief in Luck. Hailed as social satire by Howells, this work introduced the term for attempting to surpass a neighbor in wealth status, pecuniary emulation. Focusing on the titular economically useless group, FTP name this work that coined the term conspicuous consumption, written by Thorstein Veblen.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f42c00b75c7a4956b572e67d3b527125",
            "input": "man argued against American annexation of the Philippines in his speech \"The Paralyzing Influence of Imperialism. \" A political cartoon depicted him as a snake swallowing a donkey. He founded a magazine which promoted Progressive viewpoints called The Commoner. His opposition to the U. S. 's handling of the Lusitania affair prompted his resignation as Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson. This man lost to William Howard Taft in the election of 1908, and had earlier won the nominations of the Populist and Democratic Parties in 1896 after a speech in favor of bimetallism. For 10 points, name this prosecutor in the Scopes Monkey Trial who gave the \"Cross of Gold\" speech.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87cdb11758a54525912d076ee54565b7",
            "input": "At one point in this play, two characters debate God's Law and listen to the song of the reapers out in the field. The First Act ends with an elderly person being locked up while yelling about love \"by the shore of the sea! \" It is prefaced by a note from the author identifying this work as a \"photographic document\" and opens with a servant reflecting on her thirty years of service to a household run with an iron fist. That character later discusses her first encounter with a man nicknamed \"the Shortailed\" in an effort to cheer up her mistresses. Completed two years after another work by the same author concerning motherhood, this work's final act sees the maid Poncia guess the truth about the youngest sister's doomed love affair with the fiance of her older sibling, Pepe el Romano. This work ends with a suicide and the oppressive title figure yelling \"Silence\" at her four remaining daughters, including Angustias and Magdelena. For 10 points, identify this tragedy subtitled \"A Drama about Women in the Villages of Spain,\" a work by Frederico Garcia Lorca. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bac0bf71363340f3bc81747b38f3ba22",
            "input": "This river falls 72 feet at the rapids of the Khone Falls, and its floodwaters often reverse the flow of the Tonle Sap River, which flows into it during the dry season. From its marshy source in the Rup-sa Pass of Tibet it rises as the Za Qu River, flowing generally south through Yunnan Province before reaching the major port Phnom Penh and forming much of Laos' border with Myanmar and Thailand. Known for its great delta, FTP, what is this major river of southeast Asia",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d7d8432227b4a32b599ac1b0a8f1ab8",
            "input": "This man served as a naval captain for the Rio Grande de Sul, and earned fame for his performance at the battle of Sant'Antonio in a war against Juan Manuel de Rosas. He would later come to defend the Papal States from an attack by the French, which included a failed charge on Janiculum Hill. On a notable journey, his forces took Milazzo and Calabria before emerging victorious at Volturno River; during that journey, this man subdued Naples and conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies with his Army of Thousand. For 10 points, identify this military leader during the Risorgimento who led the Redshirts.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f4f3e18d71f4732b68a5e0246217d61",
            "input": "Von Gierke's disease, which results in hyper uricemia and xanthoma formation, occurs due to the accumulation of this substance. Insulin acts as an inhibitor to GSK3 which phosphorylates an enzyme in its synthesis, while a unique enzyme necessary to its synthesize has a alpha-1,6 branch is simply called \"branching enzyme. \" The protein involved in its synthesis has a tyr-194 residue with catalytic activity and forms an octamer by successive addition of UDP glucose molecules, and its breakdown sees the cleavage of a 1,4-alpha glycosidic bond. For 10 points, identify this polymer which is the form used for storing glucose in the liver.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2627c9cda6f24965bad28ccd131d3b69",
            "input": "One character in this novel is initially uninterested in Riemann surface tennis and obstacle golf, and loses social standing when the protagonist refuses to appear before the Arch-Community Songster. Beginning with an explanation of the Bokanovsky Technique, this novel focuses on dissatisfied characters like Helmholtz Watson, who is exiled by World Controller Mustapha Mond. Its protagonist commits suicide after being seen whipping himself by Lenina and had earlier caused a riot among Deltas by throwing away their soma. Named for a line from The Tempest, FTP, name this novel in which Bernard Marx brings John the Savage to the World State, a dystopia by Aldous Huxley.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f762afa8b6ca41a7b56d186a25d6a189",
            "input": "His friend William Van Ness published an \"Examination\" of some charges against him under the pseudonym of Aristides. While in Philadelphia he met secretly with Anthony Merry, whose superiors refused this man's proposals. After taking a partial interest in the Bastrop grant on the Washita River, he received support from Harman Blennerhassatt. He was defended by Luther Martin when he was put on trial in Richmond, but John Marshall ruled that only an overt act would constitute the \"levying\" of war mentioned in the Constitution. FTP, name this vice president under Thomas Jefferson who was tried for treason and who fought a duel with Alexander Hamilton.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f8d2cec333749a8a6b7e143cb40d5c6",
            "input": "Coombs tests detect these bodies bound to erythrocytes, and a technique that uses these entities is ELISA. These molecules have a namesake fold, in which two beta sheets are held together by amino acid charges. These adaptable molecules can somatically recombine in a process called V(D)J recombination and are also capable of changing isotype by altering conformation of their heavy chains. Like enzymes, they operate via a a so-called \"lock-and-key\" mechanism, as verified by Linus Pauling. FTP, name these characteristically y-shaped immune molecules exploited in vaccination and produced by B cells in response to specific antigens.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-467df8875eaa4a038112b28f7558146a",
            "input": "It is connected to the inferior vena cava by Cantlie's line and positioned at the bottom right side of the falciform ligament. Located on its walls are tubular structures called the ducts of Luschka, which drain into it, until it eventually contracts and empties upon the release of the hormone CCK by the duodenum. A common disorder that affects this organ is cholelithiasis [KO-lay-lith-EYE-uh-suss], which occurs when salts or cholesterols build up into crystalline deposits. FTP, name this small organ that is located next to the liver and has the primary function of storing bile.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a2e92c400614c1cadf0282c5eadc3b4",
            "input": "This man killed Agenor and his army of two hundred when they attempted to stop his wedding. He was raised by the fisherman Dictys, whom he made ruler of the island of Seriphus. While participating in some funeral games, this man accidentally struck and killed his grandfather Acrisius with a discus. (*) Polydectes, in an attempt to marry his mother Danae, sent this man on a quest, during which he received a magic wallet from Hermes, a helm of invisibility from Hades, and a reflective shield from Athena. After killing a mortal sister of Stheno and Euryale, this man married the princess Andromeda. For ten points, name this Greek hero who slew the Gorgon Medusa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-826198963249405c90afb6462b35d4fa",
            "input": "When bonded to Iodine, this element can react with alkenes to form cyclopropanes in the Simmons-Smith reaction. In the Clemmensen reduction, an amalgamate of this element is reacted with hydrochloric acid to form alkanes. Ions of this element are bonded to residues of cysteine and histidine in \"treble clefs\" and \"gag knuckles\", which can recognize DNA and package RNA, functions of this element's namesake fingers. This metal is utilized in the galvanization of steel, and pennies made after 1982 are mostly comprised of this metal. For 10 points, name this element with atomic number 30, which can combine with copper to form brass.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4b2c02bce754470b90371ffdb696ab5",
            "input": "In one of this author's short stories, a girl hides a suicide note in a French literature exam and, along with Cynthia, comes back to haunt the narrator. This author of \"The Vane Sisters\" compared writing fiction to composing a chess problem in his memoir Speak, Memory. He created a prisoner who does not know when he is to be killed for the fictitious crime of \"gnostical turpitude\", Cincinnatus C, in Invitation to a Beheading. In his magnum opus, the title character is described as \"light of my life, fire of my loins\" by the narrator, who shoots Clare Quilty. For 10 points, name this author who described Humbert Humbert's sexual obsession with Dolores Haze in Lolita.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ddf278216d6744be99a9c5b226068898",
            "input": "A reference to the authors cousin, who died in childbirth, may be seen in the fourth one, which notes the boy with the brown, squinting, eyes, and that fourth one begins O trees of life, O when are you wintering The tenth and last ends by remarking on the emotion that almost dismays us when a joyful thing falls, while the first opens by asking Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the Angelic Orders For 10 points, name these poems, completed around the same time as the authors Sonnets to Orpheus, a set of ten elegies by the German poet Rainer Maria Rilke.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9e0b28dfa9540078e32a5127c33b516",
            "input": "book uses the examples of a woman with four suitors and Toscanini's retirement from the Symphony of the Air to argue that one has no right to any say in decisions which others have the right to make in its section \"Having a Say Over What Affects You. \" It notes that orchestra members are \"ordered about by their conductor\" and suggests that the relationship between subordination and low self esteem may be correlative rather than causative in \"Meaningful Work. \" In addition to defending moral \"side constraints\" it argues for the superiority of \"filter devices\" as opposed to \"design devices \"and presents a (*) thought experiment in which people sell stock in themselves in \"Demoktesis. \" It argues that we desire to \"live ourselves\" and criticizes hedonism with the experience machine thought experiment. This work claims that a titular concept arises through the invisible hand from dominant protection agencies and uses the Wilt Chamberlain argument that \"Liberty Upsets Patterns,\" to defend the entitlement theory of justice. For 10 points, name this attack on John Rawls' A Theory of Justice, written by Robert Nozick.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d82cc45ace6843b0819593a2ab9f483f",
            "input": "A revisionist version of this work was created by Israel Zangwill, who also coined the phrase \"The Melting Pot,\" and the daughter of Karl Marx. In that revision of this work, one character seeks a boarding school recommendation for his children from a clergyman, while in the original the protagonist abandons religion and states that she only knows what her clergyman has told her. In that revision, the protagonist also invites her friend to move into a spare bedroom, while in the original that friend, Christine Linde, collects the protagonist's things after a forged loan document leads to her abandonment of her husband and children. FTP, name this play by  Ibsen which centers on a lover of macaroons, Nora Helmer, who escapes the title abode.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a1c4aa7b71a4d3abc72643f38dd7aae",
            "input": "The approximate magnitude of this effect is given by a factor equal to the expectation value of the exponential of minus the square of the direct product of the scattering vector and initial scattering center displacement. That factor gives the fraction of scattered particles experiencing this effect and is named for Waller and Debye. Zeeman splitting due to nuclear magnetic fields can be measured by this effect combined with the Doppler effect, a measurement known as its namesake spectroscopy. This effect is a momentum-space analogue of zero-phonon optical emission. It was first observed in solid iridium, which was found to exhibit sharp resonances like gases in x-rays. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a certain fraction of gamma rays emitted by atoms in a solid are emitted recoil-free, an effect named for its German discoverer who won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c524d01d24145b1bd6279f54e2bbd0b",
            "input": "One work by this author notes that it rejects the translation styles of Pound in regards to Li Po, who joins Tu Fu and Wang Wei in the title of the translated collection Three Chinese Poets. The sections \"Meditations of the Heart\" and \"Romantic Residues\" are found in another collection whose titular poem notes \"the whole world shares your tears,\" All You Who Sleep Tonight. This creator of lonely violinist Michael Holme wrote of the iguana Arnold Schwartzenegger and cat Charlemagne in a work charting the relationship between John and Liz in (*) Onegin stanzas and set in San Francisco. Besides authoring An Equal Music and Golden Gate, he wrote of Rupa Mehra's attempts to secure the titular individual for her daughter Lata in his best-known work. For 10 points, identify this Indian writer noted for the ginormously large novel A Suitable Boy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd39478fe85940d1b4975d21f8c5f741",
            "input": "One leader of this religion was responsible for the building of the Harimandir, the holiest of this religion's gurdwaras. Another leader of this religion set up a community of initiates within the religion known as Khalsa. Members of that group in this religion must wear long hair, a comb, and dagger as part of the five K's. This religion's leaders have included (*) Nanak and Gobind Singh, who were two of the ten human gurus. For 10 points, name this Indian religion whose scripture is the Adi Granth and whose Golden Temple is found in Amritsar.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6d93a0f9a9804028a8239164294ad939",
            "input": "one work by this author, one character describes watching a gay black man frequently walk to the bathroom in a kimono and describes his encounters with his landlady's dog. In another of his plays, one character admits to having eloped with a gardener after another character brings up the topic of a dead child. In the former play, Peter hears the story of a \"permanent transient\" who impales himself on a knife after lunging at Peter, and in the latter play by this author, various games are concocted to entertain Nick and Honey. For 10 points, identify this author who wrote about Jerry's contact with humanity in The Zoo Story and about George and Martha's marital problems in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-67d1026c6ac149ce9c84ae69d77e99ce",
            "input": "In one of this poets poems, the speaker beseeches the title entity to save itself Before my feet and vision fail me, and in another of this poets poems, the speaker Climb the mountain/ And never leave the meadow to find the title object. Those poems, Caribbean Sea and The Air Flower appear in this poets collection, Tala; other collections include Desolation and Tenderness. This poet claims that \"our worst crime is abandoning the children\" and that \"to him we cannot say 'Tomorrow'\" in the poem \"His Name is Today,\" or \"Su Nombre es Hoy. \" For 10 points, name this Chilean poet, best known for her Sonnets of Death.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe0a6d42d5ed41e2b850402327137fb4",
            "input": "One person who plays this instrument was awarded the first Pulitzer Prize for Music for a jazz recording; that work is Blood on the Fields and was recorded by Wynton Marsalis. The Hot Five and Hot Seven were lead by a man who played this instrument, while another player of it wrote \"A Night in Tunisia\" and played a \"bent\" version. That man, Dizzy Gillespie, would also collaborate with a man who would play this instrument on Sketches of Spain and Kind of Blue. For 10 points, name this brass instrument played by Miles Davis and Louis Armstrong.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62914d960b2b4f2dbd4c4715123919e8",
            "input": "One collection of poetry in this language states that \"one grain of rice will make up each man's measure\" and describes an unjust king's arrival to a shrine where the prophet John's body is contained. This language was used to write the book Advantages of Silence by the author ofThe Rose Garden. In a narrative poem written in this language, a stepson uses the trial by fire to escape from the lust of his stepmother. Another poet in this language wrote \"Our Death is our Wedding\" and \"A Star Without a Name,\" composed the epic Spiritual Couplets, and popularized the ghazal form. Landmarks in this language's medieval corpus include theDiwan by Sa'di. For 10 points, name this language used by Rumi, as well as by Ferdowsi for the Shah Nameh and an author who wrote about \"a loaf of bread\" and \"a jug of wine\" in the Rubiyat.\r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d40ef587a7046228941763ee82757ea",
            "input": "These can be formed in a basic solution by alpha haloketones and can also be formed by reacting a nitrile and an alcohol in an acidic environment, known respectively as the Favorskii Rearrangement and the Pinner Reaction. The Baeyer-Villiger reaction can also produce these compounds from ketones in the presence of a peroxy-acid. The presence of two of these functional groups on a molecule allows for the formation of beta-keto ones via the Dieckmann condensation, which is a modification of the Claisen Condensation. For 10 points, name this functional group, a carboxylic acid whose terminal hydrogen is replaced with an alkyl group, which are useful for their various fragrant odors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e88779faf864b99bfdccb08266e31fd",
            "input": "Kunala lost his position as heir to the throne of this polity after he became blind, so this polity's fourth ruler was Dasaratha. An early rebellion against this polity occurred when the inept prince Susima ruled poorly as governor of a northern province. This polity supported the Ajivika Sect and left inscriptions in the Nagarjuni and Barabar caves. This polity was eventually succeeded by the (*) Sunga Empire, and its second ruler had to be born by C-section after his mother was poisoned. Apart from Bindusara, another ruler of this polity conquered Kalinga before converting to pacifist Buddhism. For ten points, name this Indian dynasty of Asoka, founded by Chandragupta.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0b30253ee2e14098b0c7cba479e27f5c",
            "input": "This country's first well known king was Eric the Victorious, who worshipped in its great temple at Uppsala. Napoleon's general Jean Bernadotte became Charles XIV of this country. The country's forces were led by Charles XII at the battles of Narva and Poltava against the Russians during the Great Northern War. This country came to prominence under the Vasa Line, which included Queen Christina and her father Gustavus Adolphus. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country with capital at Stockholm.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1252ceb22914f9e8fa28c596cc7406d",
            "input": "Vasari relates that on many days, the artist of this work would often stand on the scaffolding without picking his brush only to study its tone. Preliminary sketches for this work were often done in red chalk, which are still preserved in its artist's notebooks. As a man recoils in this painting, he upsets the balances of a salt cellar that are next to some pewter (*) dishes. Found in the refectory of the Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, this painting depicts a group of figures during the exact moment they ask \"Lord is it I\", unlike the moment after as seen in earlier versions. However, the only one not asking that question has his face in the dark and is Judas. For 10 points, name this painting by Da Vinci which depicts the 12 apostles and Jesus during the title meal.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-faa4841318254e1c9d1fa1b0492a1104",
            "input": "Jeyifo emphasizes a passage in which the protagonist recalls a story about why mosquitoes bite ears in an essay on the protagonist and His Mother. One character recalls break[ing] inside when he heard abandoned newborn twins wailing inside earthenware jars. The protagonist disturbs the Week of Peace by beating his wife and ritually murders his adopted son, and is chased out of town when his exploding gun kills a 16-year-old at his fathers funeral. The protagonist destroys Enochs compound and murders the District Commissioners messenger after returning from a seven-year exile to find that Christian missionaries abound in Umuofia and have converted his son Nwoye. FTP, name this work featuring Okonkwo by Chinua Achebe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-df975fedb075473c9b2785a777827b28",
            "input": "The caudate lobe is found on the right portion of this organ. This organ contains a group of macrophages called Kupffer cells. Gluconeogenesis and cholesterol synthesis both largely occur in this organ which is also responsible for hemoglobin degradation. Additionally, this organ produces a fluid used in lipid digestion called (*) bile. Alcoholism can cause a degeneration of this organ in cirrhosis, and this organ is inflamed in a condition called hepatitis. For 10 points, name this largest internal organ which plays a key role in detoxification in the body.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-062f20d8fb654c29861681ef89db066d",
            "input": "This artist drew a god-figure flying near some clouds while Eve draws Adam's attention to the fruit in a tree in a painting of \"The Earthly Paradise\" in a series including \"The Spies with the Grapes of the Promised Land;\" that series is The Four Seasons. A man raises his red cloak with his left hand from atop a pedestal on the left of a painting by this artist who depicted a cherub blowing bubbles at the bottom left of a painting that also includes (*) Aurora leading Apollo's chariot in the sky near the ring of the zodiac; that painting features a winged old man on the right playing a lyre. This artist showed a woman in gold and blue placing her hand on the back of one of three shepherds at a tomb inscribed with the title phrase. For 10 points, name this painter of A Dance to the Music of Time and Et in Arcadia ego.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9931c8d865f4a1fab842e9b971dd7d6",
            "input": "In one of his operas, Mamud switches his favored son Melindo at birth with the son of the Sultana Rustena. Along with Truth and Ordeal, he featured a female chorus playing Assyrian soldiers in his oratorio based on the book of Judith, Juditha Triumphans. He showcased four sets violin concertos alternating with a pairwise arrangement of keys in his L'Estro Armonico. His Mandolin Concerto in C Major is often paired with his most famous work, which comes from the collection of concerti grossi, The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, identify this Italian composer, who included the movements \"L'inverno,\" and \"La Primavera,\" in The Four Seasons.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d243b7ef5fc3469dbb25a4597e830e7a",
            "input": "This man hammered William Stanberry with his hickory cane, an action for which was defended a House trial by Francis Scott Key. The founder of the first school in Tennessee, this man received the Indian name Colleneh, The Raven, from the Cherokee. Heavily wounded in the battle of Horseshoe Bend, he was later a representative from Nacogdoches to the 1833 convention at San Felipe. His most famous military exploit involved the 1836 victory over Santa Anna at San Jacinto. For ten points, identify this first president of the Republic of Texas and namesake of its largest city.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-836dfae05d9540ada94caa43c421bd8f",
            "input": "This author wrote about he whose fearful death he died / Far down that narrow glen in The Murdered Traveller, while another work s asks if that sky will let fall / A flower from its cerulean wall. \" In one of his works, the narrator asks the title creature, Dost thou pursue / Thy solitary way In addition to To the Fringed Gentian this poet also wrote that All that breathe / Will share thy destiny in a poem whose title means, a meditation on death. For 10 points, identify this American poet of \"To a Waterfowl\" and Thanatopsis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-daa3e2528e4c4964ab061a56258a5d7d",
            "input": "Otto Stern proposed a slipping plane in these systems, at which ions with non-negligible volume adsorb to a surface, modifying the Helmholtz and Gouy-Chapman models. These systems are stabilized through the addition of a salt, called peptization. Because these materials effectively scatter light with low wavelengths, they often appear blue when light is shined through them in the Tyndall effect. Flocculation disrupts these systems, which are defined to be dispersions with particle diameter between a nanometer and a micrometer. For 10 points, name these systems of in which one substance is dispersed throughout another, exemplified by foams, emulsions, and aerosols.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b64e6e99376c4d7c833fc9ca298bebd4",
            "input": "This author wrote a play whose main character decides to allow a ship called The Indian Girl to go to sea, despite its unseaworthiness. In addition to The Pillars of Society, he wrote a play whose title character is Halvard Solness, The Master Builder. He is better known for a play in which Hedvig commits suicide rather than kill the title bird, and one in which Nora leaves her husband Torvald. For 10 points, name this Norwegian playwright of The Wild Duck and A Doll's House.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33d2a6e159f64e81b4fb3993ba8b5aef",
            "input": "The second movement of this musical piece borrows from a theme composed by Jean-Philippe Rameau. Two violins in another section of this work alternate between playing very high and low notes, and another movement features musicians practicing their scales. This composition, which features sections like (*) \"People with long ears\" and \"Pianists\", alludes to \"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\" in a movement that uses the rattling of a xylophone to represent the noises of a skeleton and references its composer's earlier work, Danse Macabre. For ten points, identify this piece by Camille Saint-Saens with movements like \"The Elephant,\" \"Fossils,\" and \"The Swan.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca3f6ce6cb5446e0b46f2c31c08164da",
            "input": "One legendary figure in this country's history was a wheelwright who founded the Piast dynasty. The Nihil novi was a 1505 act passed by its parliament, the sejm, and the Confederation of Targowica invited a Russian invasion after the adoption of a liberal constitution. One battle in this country saw its king ally with Grand Duke Vytautas to repulse the Teutonic Knights and took place at Grunwald. Tadeusz Kosciuszko led this nation's resistance to a Russian deal with Austria to partition this nation. More recently this country was home to the trade union Solidarity, led by Lech Walesa. For 10 points, name this European nation that was home to the Warsaw Ghetto.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-751b10fab8964fcabcd2e94dd209f391",
            "input": "This thinker tackled the \"Plato's Beard\" problem in one of his works, in which he refutes the fictional philosopher McX who claims that Pegasus exists. He argued that not just individual statements, but entire fields, are verified in his \"holism.\" He is the first namesake of an \"indispensability argument\" for mathematical realism. This man analyzed how the word \"gavagai\" corresponds to seeing a rabbit run in different cultural contexts and under linguistic barriers, which he termed (*) \"indeterminacy of translation.\" In his magnum opus, he attacked reductionism and the distinction between analytic and synthetic statements. For 10 points, name this American author of Ontological Relativity, Word and Object, and \"Two Dogmas of Empiricism.\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88c9bc399a634d2f850ad40a5073f441",
            "input": "Ninety percent of this mans army was wiped out at the Battle of Montgisard, one of his rare defeats, but he rebounded to a victory in the subsequent Battle of Jacobs Ford, after which he besieged Kerak. Earlier, he had seized the territory of as-Salih Ismail after coming to power upon the death of his former superior Nur ad-Din. He signed the Treaty of Ramla, which concluded his conflict with an invading army. The siege of Tiberias preceded a victory at which he set fire to underbrush, captured Guy of Lusignan, defeated Raymond of Tripoli, and annihilated the Crusaders massed at Hattin. For ten points, name this first ruler of the Ayyubid Dynasty, the rival of Richard the Lionheart in the Third Crusade.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3635324ec22d4580ac891fe6ddfcc931",
            "input": "One of these substances is used in an analytical technique whose tris-glycine buffer system was developed by Ulrich Laemmli, which can be followed by the addition of Coomassie dyes. These substances, as wetting agents, encourage flocculation, and the aforementioned example of these substances is used to denature proteins. Below the Krafft temperature, they form micelles, and cleaning agents that deal better with grease and hard water than soap can employ these substances, one of which is SDS. A major type of emulsifier, these substances possess hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads. For 10 points, name these substances that reduce the surface tension of liquids.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c867d000c1743faa733245ab28f4687",
            "input": "He painted a self portrait in which he wears a gray jacket and holds the outside of his collar with his right hand, while a black hat hangs askew on his head. Three angels attempt to restrain a terrified-looking lion, horse, and eagle in another painting by this man, while he also painted a baby tied to a board on the left of one painting which focuses on two white men kneeling and offering gifts to Native American tribal leaders. In addition to The Power of Love in the Three Elements and Penn's Treaty with the Indians, he painted a more well known work in which a guy with crazy hair clasps his hands and an Indian watches the central action with detached interest as the British commander at the battle of the Plains of Abraham bites the dust. For 10 pointsname this painter of The Death of General Wolfe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3df0755fe7264e81ab0c64cfcb4b5be2",
            "input": "This mathematician proved an inequality relating the dimension of the vector space of meromorphic functions on a one-dimensional complex manifold with the genus of the manifold, which was later strengthened by Roch. He names manifolds equipped with a positive definite symmetric bi-linear form g, the metric tensor. The study of such manifolds constitutes his namesake geometry. In his sole paper on analytic number theory he defined an analytic continuation of the infinite p-series to the complex plane and conjectured that its nontrivial zeroes have real part one-half, later generalized to a conjecture about the zeroes of Dirichlet L-functions. The distribution of the prime numbers is governed by the zeroes of his namesake zeta function. For 10 points, name this 19th century German mathematician, who defined his namesake integral as a limit of approximating sums.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24c9dc753c6f49e88ea17340ce293d51",
            "input": "The service that concludes this celebration is known as Neilah [NAY-ee-luh] and most wear white during it. Ritual slaughter of a rooster often occurs during this holiday. Originally instituted due to Leviticus 23:26, it is usually begun by the Kol Nidre. Beginning on the tenth day of Tishri, five days before Sukkot, it also includes the Amidah prayer, which expresses communal responsibility for sins committed previously. Not allowing work or consumption of food for 25 hours, for ten points, name this day of atonement, perhaps the most important Jewish holiday.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f289c89f6a2c46ae9550b0b883a9dace",
            "input": "This man incorporated a modernized fugue for string quartet and string orchestra in his Introduction and Allegro. Hans Richter was a champion of this man's early works like his First Symphony in A-flat major. He depicted his native country in the overture Cockaigne. This man wrote a choral work which contains the chorus \"Praise to the Holiest\" and is based on a poem of Cardinal (*) Newman. He also wrote a work containing a hidden theme that is never played and whose sections are dedicated to people like \"EDU\" and \"Nimrod.\" The aforementioned choral work is The Dream of Gerontius. For 10 points, name this English composer of the Enigma Variations and a march ubiquitous at graduations, Pomp and Circumstance.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1ebcc3a40d144d04b91e22cb239f446b",
            "input": "This figure dreams about presenting a heavy copper axe to his mother, the goddess Ninsun. This figure had ominous dreams depicting two dead figures when he embarked on a journey with a \"shaggy\" companion to kill a monstrous forest keeper known as Humbaba. This god sought the help of [*] Utnapishtim (\"oot-na-pish-tim\") in order to become immortal and avoid the fate of his deceased companion. When this figure refused to lay with the goddess Ishtar, her father An sent the Bull of Heaven to kill him, but he defeated it with the help of Enkidu. For 10 points, name this \"two-thirds\" divine king of Uruk, the hero of a Mesopotamian epic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5d096472e6b422fbbd4c869bbed4fab",
            "input": "A stepwise mechanism for this reaction has been proposed where a pair of electron additions occur, each addition followed by abstraction of a proton from solution, proceeding through a radical anion intermediate before reaching the neutral final product. Substituents on the target compound can control the regioselectivity of the reaction; electron-donating groups favor protonation at an unoccupied site meta to the substituents, while electron-attracting substituents favor para protonation. Reaction conditions typically feature an alkali metal dissolved in liquid ammonia, which provide the electrons and protons, respectively. FTP, what is this reaction that reduces a benzene ring to 1,4-cyclohexadiene",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3488d6e1ff0946918420ba8f8a4c975c",
            "input": "The relationship between stress and strain in these entities is modeled by the Glen-Nye flow law. The equilibrium line altitude is the long term balance point along one of these, and a tower on one of these is known as a serac.A type of particles created by these entities, when blown by the wind, are known as loess. The Malaspina one of these is an example of the Piedmont variety of these objects. Sharp ridges formed by these are called artes, and material deposited directly from these structures is known as a till, while material removed from these objects by mass wasting can form a cirque. Two main types of these are contintental and alpine, and whale shaped hills formed by these are known as drumlins. Leaving behind debris accumulations calle moraines, for 10 points, name these large masses of ice.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23cf320966af4243870441c7ea76c997",
            "input": "In a prefatory note to this poem, the origin is explained as a passage from Purchas's Pilgrimage. Lines 37 through 41 describe a vision of an Abyssinian maid who played her dulcimer and sang of Mount Abora, and the poem ends with the knowledge that the title character has fed on honey-dew \"And drunk the milk of Paradise. \"  Subtitled \"Or a Vision in a Dream. A Fragment,\" it references the river Alph and \"caves of ice. \"  FTP, name this poem by Coleridge in which the title character decrees a \"stately pleasure dome. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-205f022474114d4781dc2fd63a2624b2",
            "input": "This compound is extremely similar to sugars containing pyranose rings, the only difference being the presence of an oxygen in the pyranose ring. Its most frequent form consists of six axial carbon-hydrogen bonds and six equatorial carbon-hydrogen bonds that radiate out from the ring. In the \"chair\" conformation it is more stable than the other major conformation, known as the \"boat. \"  FTP, what is this cyclic hydrocarbon with formula C6H12",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf909d8dd03b47228837c812487d0583",
            "input": "This author wrote about a man who moves across the street to observe his wife for twenty years in the story \"Wakefield.\" In another of his stories, Elizabeth fails to persuade Reverend Hooper to remove the title garment. In a novel by this author, Holgrave falls in love with Phoebe Pyncheon after she moves into the title building. In a novel by this author of \"The Minister's Black Veil,\" Roger (*) Chillingworth discovers Dimmesdale's affair with his wife Hester Prynne. For 10 points, name this American author of The Scarlet Letter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9bb1b849882a46559aa0e20eaf92a57b",
            "input": "During this battle, one soldier supposedly saw a man with a beard a large as a shield before being struck with permanent blindness. One side in this battle elected to fight at its side rather than to defend a pass at Pallini. One polity's forces arrived too late to fight in this battle because its generals refused to leave their city until the full moon. This battle's losing commanders, Datis and Artaphernes, had previously sacked Eretria in response to the burning of Sardis. At this battle, the winning side was technically led by a ten-general body, though effective command was held my Miltiades. One story about this battle tells of Pheidippides, who died announcing the Athenian victory after running nonstop to Athens. For 10 points, what 490 BCE battle that ended the first invasion of Greece by the Persian Empire is the namesake of a 26.2 mile race",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2b8a28589e74e2d92d99d590c5d89f7",
            "input": "One form of this interaction is governed by the CKM matrix. Because they decay by this interaction, charged pions have long lifetimes. Having charged- and neutral-current interactions, this force allows flavor change and, as discovered by Yang and Lee and Cronin and Fitch, breaks both P and CP symmetry. Research about this force garnered the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics for Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg, who unified it with the electromagnetic force. It is mediated by heavy gauge bosons named W and Z. FTP, name this short-ranged interaction with a very small coupling constant.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2752e3bcd40149e69ad2f8ea0056c711",
            "input": "The largest labor movement in this country was organized by Carlos Mahecha and Maria Cano, but was crippled when a general fired into a demonstration in 1929. Jorge Eliecer Gaitan orated against the \"masacre de las bananeras\" and presented its Congress with the skull of a child killed by the Army. Gaitan's assassination in 1948 is regarded as the start of \"La Violencia\", a still-existing war in this country between liberals and conservatives. Though once ravaged by a conflict over banana workers' unions, this country is now home to a group, often described as \"narcoterrorists,\" which kidnaps politicians. For 10 points, name this country, the home base of FARC.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a7645d7046641b3905494173d59bb64",
            "input": "His short stories include works like \"The Miraculous Revenge\", and his novels include The Irrational Knot and Immaturity, his first. . Some minor characters in his better-known plays include Sergius Saranoff, Vivie Warren, and Peter Keegan, an Irish priest who sympathizes with the British. Along with You Never Can Tell and Captain Brassbound's Conversion, which were included in the collections Plays Pleasant and Plays for Puritans, he wrote about Andrew (*) Undershaft's rocky relationship with his daughter, the titular Salvation Army officer. For 10 points, this Irish-born playwright of Misalliance, Saint Joan, The Doctor's Dilemma, Arms and the Man, Major Barbara, and Pygmalion.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b5070c6e9ce4318aa78188caa679fac",
            "input": "In the first chapter of this novel the title character refers to several books, including Henry, Earl of Moreland, Pamela, and Bewick's Birds of England, the book she is reading behind the curtains when Eliza catches her and calls her brother, John. John would have the poor heroine refer to him as \"Master Reed,\" but instead she tells him he is \"like the Roman Emperors\" and as a result is sent to the red room by Mrs. Reed. Later, that orphan girl becomes a governess, and falls in love with her employer, Edward Rochester. FTP, name this 1847 novel, the best known work of Charlotte Bronte.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5394fd98e63743c2b7f12f1e5aeafee4",
            "input": "An angelic being who talks to this figure describes battling \"the prince of Persia\" and \"the prince of Greece. \" Gabriel tells this man that \"seventy sevens' are decreed\" to atone for wickedness. This figure told Ashpenaz that he would not eat royal food and wine. He interpreted a ruler's dream by proclaiming that king would live like a wild beast. He also interpreted the words \"Mene, Mene, Tekel, Parsin\" at Belshazzar's feast. Three of this man's friends managed to survive being thrown into a fiery furnace by Nebuchadnezzar. For 10 points, name this Biblical prophet who, in his namesake book, survives being thrown into a lion's s den.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eca11b61dc964d47a6ef6d6f3dec8531",
            "input": "The third Spanish monarch of this name married Margaret of Austria and gave up much of his power to his advisor, the Duke of Lerma. The fourth Spanish monarch of this name was advised by Gaspar de Guzman, the Duke of Olivares, and saw considerable influence exercised by Baltasar de Zuniga. The second Spanish monarch of this name ordered the construction of the (*) Escorial and dispatched a fleet to attempt to conquer England. For 10 points, give the common name of these kings, the second of which sent the Spanish Armada.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa7da1e94dab4b1f9ca4406e0d638ffd",
            "input": "He used glass tubing and created lily pads to build the Great Workroom in an administrative building, while he developed the textile block style by molding cement into hollow cubes and binding them with steel rods instead of mortar. The client for his house Wingspread was the same as for his earlier building, the Johnson Wax Headquarters. He planned layouts for communities like the hypothetical Broadacre City in his work The Disappearing City, and this plan was supposed to reflect the Usonian ideal. Also known for designing the Storer House and the Robie House, FTP, name this American architect who designed two Taliesin studios, the Fallingwater house, and the New York Guggenheim Museum.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fa2707739254aed9d6a4050b5052739",
            "input": "This work defines the fundamental principle of ethics through an analogy to an emperor who weds his daughter to a peasant. It posits that the craving to experience extinction can never be satisfied since the end of existence is the end of sensation. It also suggests that unlike animals, humans form selves that can reconcile opposites. It condemns those who reside in sensuous categories as saying goodbye to truth and thus creating a sinful state of unconscious despair. FTP, name this book published under the pseudonym of Anti-Climacus, which identifies separation from God as the cause of the titular malady and was written by Sren Kierkegaard.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89413d70c6334014a5f184de34244e8d",
            "input": "Features in this province include Split Lake, Playgreen Lake and Cross Lake, which are all connected by the Nelson River. The large plateau of Riding Mountain National park is in its southwestern corner and its highest point is the 2,726-foot high Baldy Mountain, part of this province's namesake escarpment left by Glacial Lake Agassiz. This province receives the Red River of the North and its southeast corner contains a small portion of the Lake of the Woods. Famous for polar bear gatherings at Churchill and bordering Nunavut, Saskatchewan, and Ontario, FTP, name this Canadian province whose cities include Portage la Prairie, Brandon and Winnipeg.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b77523c43e8148a6a2cba8fce43675dd",
            "input": "Book 5 of this work discusses the question of free will, while Book 4 discusses the existence of pain and evil. At one point in this work, a hierarchy of knowledge is presented with sense at the base and intelligence from divinity at the top. Concluding that the pursuit of wisdom is the key to happiness, this work was written as a conversation between the author and Lady Philosophy. In A Confederacy of Dunces, Ignatius Reilly often mentions this work. For ten points, identify this 6th-century philosophical work written while its author was awaiting execution; a work by Boethius.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30da670896254cd6802fc6ec5e536ba5",
            "input": "The Song of Roland was sung by Taillefer, a jester, whose death from charging the opposing line started this battle. After the battle, some of the defeated soldiers were chased into a deep pit known as the Malfosse. Due to unfavorable winds, the eventual victors landing at Pevensey was delayed by two days, with the arrival two weeks later of the victors of the Battle of Stamford Bridge. With their position at the top of the hill, the Saxons were able to make a charge by crippling the Norman horses before their leader was shot in the eye by an arrow. Depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry, this is, FTP, which 1066 battle that saw Harold Godwinsson suffer defeat at the hands of William the Conqueror",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db0149ff80ac413e9eae1cc122aab97b",
            "input": "In one of this author's poems, the speaker says men work together whether they work together or apart after discovering a clump of butterfly weed. Another contains sections titled Loneliness, House Fear, and The Impulse, and ends with a man learning of finalities / beside the grave. In another of his poems, a boy dies after his hand is destroyed by a buzz-saw which snarled and rattled in the yard, while yet another describes a total sky almost without defect reflected by spring pools. This author commanded Here are your waters and your watering place / Drink and be whole again beyond confusion in a poem beginning Back out of all this now too much for us, Directive, and wrote about a singer who says the highway dust is over all and questions what to make of a diminished thing in The Oven Bird. The author of Out-, Out- and collections such as Mountain Interval and North of Boston, FTP, name this American poet of The Death of the Hired Man and Mending Wall.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5987bb1218bb4ea7bbc053b6c51c5f6e",
            "input": "Electron-like or hole-like quasiparticles can be created when these are bombarded by X-rays, making them useful for high precision detection of X-ray energy. First proposed by Froehlich, they were experimentally corroborated by the isotope effect and the evidence for a condensation to a boson-like state at the superconducting transition temperature. They are caused by the exchange of phonons. Named for one of the winners of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics, FTP, identify this phenomenon important in the BCS theory of superconductivity, a type of coupling of electrons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4e997187ad04b27a72823d39e90355f",
            "input": "A namesake protein component of this structure is detected by Toll-like Receptor 5. Tg737, whose mutation causes polycystic kidney disease in mice, is responsible for transport within this structure, which is also dependent upon complexes of IFT proteins. Y. Pestis uses a structure homologous to these to inject virulence factors into host cytoplasm, known as the Type III secretory system. They have a P, L, and MS ring in gram-negative bacteria, and in all organisms their central body is called the axonene. In Eukaryotes, they contain a 9+2 set of microtubules around a central pair and use dyenin and ATP hydrolysis to power their whipping motion. Similar to cilia, for 10 points, name these projections used by cells to swim.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0216365b5662459999768597d6a5fd56",
            "input": "The title cup dominates a cloudy landscape in this painter's The Giant's Chalice and a mountain pass is depicted in his The Notch in the White Mountains. One series of paintings by this artist includes works like The Savage State, Consummation, and Decline, while another comprises Childhood, Youth, Manhood, and Old Age. Due to his many depictions of its landscapes, the fourth tallest of the Catskills mountains is named for him. Founder of Hudson River School, FTP, name this painter of the two series of paintings The Voyage of Life and The Course of Empire",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb8f7bbe332a4ff4a205861424c413dc",
            "input": "One of this man's operas contains a Hymn for the Roman god Venus, and at the end of that opera, the Pope's staff grows leaves. Another one of this man's operas has a final aria called the \"Liebestod,\" and that opera describes the affair of King Marke's wife with a knight. In addition to composing Tannhauser and Tristan und Isolde, he also wrote a series of operas, the first of which begins with three maidens next to a river, and another of the operas in that series contains \"The Ride of the Valkyries\". For 10 points, name this German composer whose Das Rheingold begins his Ring of Nibelung cycle.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13f59c42a0c14278aa2cabd063f0bf1c",
            "input": "One of this authors stories describes a bachelor trapped in a tower surrounded by the titular marshes. In one of his short works Alissa, in her quest for sainthood, tries to steer Jerome toward her younger sister Juliette, but actually wants him for herself. The novelist Julius, the vivisector Anthime, and the titular bastard are at the center of a scheme to fake a papal kidnapping in Lafcadios Adventures, while the accidental suicide of Boris mortifies the title figures leader, the nephew of the man who cares for Bernard Profitendieu, Edouard, in The Counterfeiters. Also the author of a novel about a gay pedophile, this is, FTP what author of The Immoralist.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b9ea8f8f5554acf9be0e4d384a6d4c2",
            "input": "When a group of his fellow students took refuge from a failed revolution in Austria, this man declared that he would only wear black. The British government admitted to opening this man's mail after the execution of the Bandiera brothers. This man used the slogan \"Thought and Action\" and met opposition when he planned to use Charles Albert to lead an army against Radetzky in 1848. In 1865, he refused an appointment to the Turin Parliament because he would not take an oath of allegiance to the monarchy. Sentenced to death in absentia due to his part in an army coup and invasion in Savoy, this man was elected Triumvir of Rome after the assasination of Pellegrino Rossi. He said that \"neither Pope nor king,\" but rather \"God and the people\" would lead to victory the movement he founded. For 10 points, name this leader of Young Italy, a democratic figure of the Risorgimento. \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0270b83bc48c436c9883079d8789a11c",
            "input": "One character in this work wears a crown and carries a lance, while in the background of this work, one man wears a top hat and holds aloft a spear. Next to that man is a character who looks like a Roman centurion, and next to him is a man waving a blue and gold flag. In the foreground of this work, there is a ghostly looking girl, who stands next to a red-clad man carrying a rifle and the central figure of this work, who wears a red sash around his chest and has his hand outstretched as he says something to the man in white standing next to him. For 10 pointsname this work, also called The Company of Franz Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch, a painting by Rembrandt van Rijn.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e2af8d5b03d482898542bcd7c1a72d8",
            "input": "Graves connects this figure with a leader of the Aeolians who conquered part of Argolis from Canaanite settlers of that region. This son of Amythaon got his name after his mother left him lying in the shade as a baby but left his feet in the sun. While being held captive by Phylacus, he demanded to be transferred to another cell to avoid having a beam fall on him, and was able to cure the impotence of Iphiclus after hearing two vultures converse about making a poultice from rust that formed on a sacrificial knife used to geld a ram. This figure, who introduced the cult of Dionysos into Greece, demanded a third of the kingdom of Proetus for himself and a third for his brother Bias in exchange for curing the Argive women of madness, and his descendants formed the next Argive dynasty. Taught prophecy by Apollo on the shores of the river Alpheius, for ten points, identify this seer, who came to understand the language of animals after snakes licked his ears.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de77d8012e024430b92163e60ee44c81",
            "input": "Some of the figures in this work were sketched based on bodies the artist studied in a morgue. A figure wearing a red cloth on his head holds onto a nude man at the left of this painting, while a person in the middle grips onto a plank of wood. A scuffle is taking place at the right of this painting, which has one man waving a white piece of fabric and another waving a red one. The mast of the namesake object has a greenish-white cloth tied around it, and to the left is an advancing tidal wave. FTP, name this painting that depicts the survivors of a ship that rammed into the coast of Senegal, by Theodore Gericault.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb58960231eb4b0a88b3aab6c47696d9",
            "input": "The yield of these compounds can be increased through ball milling of some of their components, and one mode of operation of these compounds proceeds through a mechanism called enantiomorphic site control. A process for the operation of these compounds that proceeds through migratory insertions and obeys the \"principle of least nuclear motions\" was developed by Cossee and Arlman. Compounds such bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium chloride and bis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride, known as metallocenes, have been developed as an alternative to the traditional compounds of this type. Those traditional initiators include vanadium trichloride and triethylaluminum, and the product of the application of these compounds to alkenes can result in syndiotactic, isotactic, or atactic products. For ten points, identify these stereoselective compounds used to initiate polymerization, named for a German and an Italian chemist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eed8c9997d504867981ba1e9c8527b88",
            "input": "Silica aerogels are frequently used in devices for measuring this phenomenon, and one such device is called the threshold detector, while another device used to measure it is called a ring imaging detector. The governing equation can be derived by using Poynting's theorem and applying the Fourier transform to determine the energy loss at infinite distance. A periodic grating can give rise to a version of this effect named after Smith and Purcell, while the Frank-Tamm equation governs this phenomenon, which travels at an angle whose cosine is inversely proportional to the index of refraction and the object's speed. For 10 points, name this effect in which a charged particle moves through a medium faster than the speed of light in that medium, giving off radiation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62b3ddb56ebc4281bc8c3de87c5da10d",
            "input": "One saint from this country is credited with creating the Fifteen O's prayer and founded a namesake monastic order which was open to men and women. Laurentius Andreae played a key role in translating the Bible into the language of this country, and the Reformation was promoted here by the Petri brothers. One ruler of this country founded the Academy of Arcadia after converting to Catholicism and moving to Rome. It's not Ireland, but St. Bridget, one of the patron saints of Europe, hailed from this country. One leader of this country was advised by (*) Axel Oxenstierna and died at the Battle of Lutzen while intervening in the Thirty Year's War; that man was known as the Lion of the North. The Vasa dynasty once ruled, for 10 points, what Lutheran Scandinavian country whose most famous ruler was Gustavus Adolphus",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8bbc03c4e634161b3f04b00975fcbb9",
            "input": "Pyotr Grinyov gives a hareskin jacket to Yemelyan Pugachev in one work by this author, who wrote an adaptation of Snow White in another work. In addition to The Captain's Daughter and The Tale of the Dead Princess, he wrote a romantic tragedy based on Don Juan and wrote one work in which a dinner at Gavrila Rzhevsky's palace is interupted by the title Tsar, who wants Ibrahim to marry Natalia. This author of The Stone Guest and Peter the Great's Negro wrote a novel in which Vladimir Lensky is engaged to Olga Larina and her sister Tatyana falls in love with the title character, and a poem in which Evegenii is found dead in a ruined hut after being chased by a statue of Peter the Great. For 10 pointsname this author of Eugene Onegin and The Bronze Horseman.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db22de92f6134ff78acb4b39297596a1",
            "input": "A slightly cut edition of the second of these compositions was prepared by Alexander Siloti, and the first of these contains one movement based on the cabaret song \"Il faut s'amuser, danser et rire,\" while another movement contains an allegro section inspired by a blind beggars' song. The third and last of these was constructed of unused material from the composer's unfinished \"Symphony in E-Flat. \" The composer received a bitter lashing from Anton Rubenstein after playing him the first of these works, which was premiered in Boston under B. J. Lang with Hans von Bulow as the soloist. That work opens with a four-note motif sounded by all four horns punctuated by orchestral chords, which starts in the home key of B-flat minor but quickly modulates to D-flat major. For 10 points, identify these works for a keyboard instrument and orchestra by the composer of the Pathetique Symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8eb05211372948d8a34e08ef50a3aa94",
            "input": "The female lead in this opera expresses her devil-may-care attitude in the piece \"Balatella\", sometimes known as the \"Bird Song\". It opens with the song \"Si puo\", while the second act features the serenade \"O Columbine\", found in the play within a play. The plot tells of the discovery that Silvio is having an affair with Nedda, prompting the clown Canio to kill them in his madness. FTP, what is this opera, the masterpiece of Ruggiero Leoncavallo",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a675507999ad4cc2a3c282b3c5a81ad5",
            "input": "In one section of this work, the double bass plays a slowed-down, ponderous version of the \"\"Dance of\\n the Sylphs\"\" from The Damnation of Faust. Two pianists play rapid scales up and down the piano in its third\\n section. An offstage clarinet repeats the ostinato C, A flat in a section of this work in order to imitate a\\n being \"\"from the depths of the woods. \"\" It instructs performers to deliberately hit wrong notes after playing\\n simple scales in its section \"\"Pianists,\"\" and mocks its composer by using a xylophone to quote sections of \\nDanse Macabre in its section \"\"Fossils. \"\" Featuring the movements \"\"Aviary,\"\" \"\"Aquarium,\"\" and \"\"The Swan,\"\"\\n for 10 points, name this \"\"Grand Zoological Fantasy\"\" by Camille Saint-Saens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3152bcb0a5646ae8ac3fe1a8f1d1707",
            "input": "The gene S100A8 can protect against it, and a recent study showed that melatonin can antagonize it in partheno-genetic embryos. This process can be detected via the uptake of 7-AAD during flow cytometry, the exclusion of trypan blue, and the terminal dUTP nick-end labeling, or TUNEL assay. Binding of the Fas ligand induces it, as does upregulation of proteins like BAX and BAD, while other members of the Bcl-2 family oppose it. The exact number of times this process occurs is known for the development of C. elegans, whose ced-3 proteins are the homologues of the Apaf-1-activated human caspases that are responsible for many of its effects. Also initiated by p53 upon un-repairable DNA damage, FTP, name this process of type I programmed cell death.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa506052de77424799f56e60fd413309",
            "input": "The terrible climate of this country's Savannakhet region helped stifle nefarious coup-inciting by the \"Programs Evaluation Office. \" This country's namesake language, which is spoken with an extra tone in a city whose Xieng Thong Temple survived its near-annihilation during the Haw Wars, underwent a series tonal conversion as it migrated down the Nam Ou river during the fifteenth century. That language underwent a major simplification reform in the 1960s, which helped distinguish it from another country's Isan dialect, spoken heavily across its Southwestern border. This state's origins lie in Fa Ngum's expansion into Sainyabuli, for which he supposedly received an open-palmed gold statue, the (*) Phra Bang, from a Lovek king. The Lan Xang Empire built this country's \"Army of The Million Elephants,\" and its city of Pakxe was a target for the disastrous Lam Son 719 and Barrel Roll operations, which left land mines strewn across its Plain of Jars. This country defines the Eastern bound of the heroin-producing \"Golden Triangle,\" and lies across the Mekong from Thailand. FTP, name this landlocked country in Southeast Asia, whose capital is Vientiane.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d16ba8d49764bc391b80ee42d0e8044",
            "input": "Six of them, including \"When I bring you colored toys\" and \"Light my light\" were set by composer John Alden Carpenter to music. This collection of poems centers on the concept of Jivandevata, or \"Lord of my life,\" and most of its contents are dedicated to reuniting the poet with a deity. It begins with the line \"Thou has made me endless, such is thy pleasure. \"  With an introduction by W. B. Yeats, this work helped earn its author the 1913 Noble Prize for literature. FTP, identify this collection of poems by Rabindranath Tagore, whose name means \"Song Offerings. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7562a89c1169472083ff51fa3348d5b2",
            "input": "In the days leading up to this battle, the Neosho and Tippecanoe refueled the American Fleet, allowing for the sinking of the destroyer, Kikuzuki. Inferior scouting led to the sinking of the Sims and Shoho, and the overlooking of the most important forces. Damage to the Zuikaku and Shokaku on the second day eliminated them from participation in the Battle of Midway, and the Japanese operations to capture both Tulagi and Port Moresby were abandoned. FTP, what is this battle that resulted in the loss of the carrier USS Lexington, the first in which the opposing fleets never saw each other",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b1655e939ad4a5eb1efc399f59295f0",
            "input": "Seymour Benzer extensively studied the genetics of these entities, whose P1, Mu, and M13 varieties are often used as cloning vectors. Radioactive P-labeled DNA was inserted into the genomes of these entities, proving that DNA was the genetic material, in the Hershey Chase experiment. The lambda variety engages in the lysogenic cycle, but most infect a cell via attachment, penetration, multiplication, and eventual bursting of the host cell in the lytic cycle. For 10 points, name these viruses that attack a certain type of single-celled organism.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51e330194b784175adb96545cbe02465",
            "input": "A technique named for Wallman is used to impart this property to T1 spaces, and that method is the same as one named for Stone and Cech for normal spaces. The ArzelAscoli theorem gives conditions for whether continuous functions from a metric space with this property preserve it and the product of spaces with this property retains this property under (*) Tychonoff's theorem. A subset of n-space retains it if any infinite subset has at least one accumulation point in the set, and it is equivalent to being closed and bounded under the Heine-Borel theorem. For 10 points, name this property of topological spaces, defined as each open cover having a finite subcover.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09407e7f85d246eb8790de93084c8292",
            "input": "When the king ordered Arioch to execute him, he ate vegetables and water for ten days to convince his supervisor Ashpenaz to allow him to forego eating royal food. He had several notable dreams, including one of four beasts coming up from the sea and a vision of a ram and goat. Taken from Judah in the deportation to Babylon in the third year of Jehoiakim's reign, he was renamed Belteshazzar and he assisted King Belshazzar by reading and interpreting the words Mene, Mene, Tekel, Parsin. Author of an Old Testament book found between Ezekiel and Hosea, FTP, name this biblical character who wrote about the fiery furnace and survived the lions' den.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea40cbb1383545caab5831730872b5c4",
            "input": "One poem by this author uses \"the shades of girls\" and \"the gunman and his moll\" to describe the title entities, which are \"seedless in the light.\" This author proclaimed \"the lips of time leech to the fountain head\" in a poem whose title concept \"drives [the speaker's] green age.\" In another poem by this author of \"Our Eunuch Dreams\", the speaker recalls when he was \"green and carefree, famous among the barns,\" and \"sang in [his] chains like the sea,\" \"young and easy under the apple boughs.\" This author of \"The Force that Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower\" wrote of wise men that know that their words \"had forked no lightning\" in a poem that urges \"Rage, rage against the dying of the light\". For 10 points, name this Welsh poet of \"Fern Hill\" and \"Do not go gentle into that good night.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa846fa7471240c7b0744cfdf9eddb63",
            "input": "Heptamegaly usually results from Cori's disease and Andersen's disease, both of which occur due to dysfunctional enzymes involved in the synthesis of this compound. One enzyme involved with the breakdown of this compound uses pyridoxal phosphate at catalytic sites and only acts on the alpha 1-4 bonds; a branching enzyme is required to eliminate alpha (*) 1-6 linkages and create a linear polymer. During its synthesis, the action of uridyl transferase forms a pyrophosphate intermediate in addition to UDP-glucose. In hepatocytes, a high level of insulin prevents the breakdown of this compound, a degradation promoted by glucagon. For 10 points, name this animal analogue of starch.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3dc3ffdbe0564d7ba191bcab1e80f16f",
            "input": "The Brecon Beacons are a mountain range in the south of this country, home to a type of mountain pony named for this nation. Its boundary with its eastern neighbor is mostly defined by Offa's Dike, which runs south from the River Dee to the Wye River. Its eight \"Preserved Counties\" include Gwent, Dyfed, and Glamorgan, the last of which includes its capital, which sits on the Bristol Channel. FTP what is this part of the United Kingdom bordering England on its east, with capital at Cardiff",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-97de72c29bfa43858cf75101af8f7e46",
            "input": "The Cornolla kind of this feature are located on the Kurnell peninsula and the Akrotiri kind are located on Cyprus. Jockey's Ridge State Park in North Carolina contain many of these features and one named for Pyla, located north of Bordeaux, is the largest in Europe, while the San Luis Valley contains many of these features as a result of Lake Alamosa. The Baidan Jaran desert contains a number of (*) \"star\" types of these features and the Navajo formation in Zion Canyon is composed of  lithified Jurassic-era types of these features. For 10 points, identify these topological features which can be formed from gypsum, such as at White Sands National Monument.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bd8d2b2b0e4e4724879d29a619f6f367",
            "input": "Popular festivals in honor of this god include the Tubilustrium and the Equirria. His sacred animals were the woodpecker and wolf and his epithets included Gradivus and Ultor. His consort was the Sabine fertility goddess Nerio, but Ovid relates that he was tricked into sleeping with Anna Perenna. The chief temple of his sat on the Capitoline hill beside those of Jupiter and Quirinus, the latter of whom is associated with his son Romulus. FTP, name this Roman god of war often identified with the Greek Ares.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3be8c205c9742139f5e73b1ee95c1ae",
            "input": "One of this man's short stories centers on an apparatus that inscribes men's bodies with the law they are accused of breaking. This author of \"In the Penal Colony\" wrote a novel containing the \"Parable of the Man Before the Law\"; in that novel, Joseph K. is executed despite committing no crime. One of this author's characters dies from an apple lodged in his back; that character, Gregor Samsa, discovers his transformation into a disgusting insect. For 10 points, name this Czech author of The Trial and \"The Metamorphosis.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-60a7a2f65d1a44e0ade44183c512d76a",
            "input": "His studies under tutors Jean Belmain and Sir John Cheke included an essay on the horrors of war excoriating the consequences of his father's war with France and an argument in French against the papal supremacy. John Foxe imagined him as a new King Josiah, purifying the temple by the burning of idolatrous images. Kett's rebels, angered by enclosure, and the Cornish rebels angered by his religious policy were put down by force. Power during his reign was held by the Duke of Somerset, who was named Lord Protector, and John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, who attempt to secure his Protestant legacy by promoting the succession of Lady Jane Grey. FTP, name this son of Jane Seymour, the \"boy king\" who died, probably of tuberculosis, at the age of sixteen.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ca64fde968e4e98af0fe558751a5f2e",
            "input": "The two-pound coins of this political entity have changed annually to depict different images of the 12 labors of Hercules. The town of La Linea de la Concepcion lies on the northern border of this political entity, serving as the major tourist entry point to this entity's most popular tourist destination. That landmark in this entity is home to a population of semi-wild macaques, its namesake \"apes.\" Home to a 1400-foot limestone monolith originally considered one of the Pillars of Hercules, FTP what is this British Overseas Possession at the southern tip of Spain known for its namesake \"Rock\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98501385e670447ca8c7d14db0f37b4e",
            "input": "This work's second book opens with the author comparing writing about truth to drawing a gryphon, and is a chapter called \"In which the Story Pauses a Little. \" In this work, the humor of the brothers Chad and Ben Cranage does not appeal to the grim Anglican shoemaker Joshua Rann, who looks down on Will Maskery. After steward Satchells paralyzing stroke, Casson argues the protagonist will not be promoted contra the beliefs of the man who teaches the protagonist mathematics by night, (*) Bartle. Two nieces are central to this novel: one of them is an austere Methodist who preaches at Snowfield and is repeatedly proposed to by the title characters brother Seth. The other shocks the town of Hayslope when a trial reveals that she abandoned her child by Arthur Donnisthorne. Ending with Dinah Morris married to the title carpenter, for 10 points, name this novel by George Eliot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1fbacdbad26a425d9871303a2b285aa9",
            "input": "The declaration that formally established this dynasty was made on Kulan Mountain. The first Westerner to discover their ruins was Henri Mahout, though stories of the elegance of its capital had been told much earlier by a visiting Chinese emissary, Zhou Daguan. Among the landmarks in its main capital were the temples Ta Prohm, the Baphuon, and Ta Keo, the first of which was made entirely from sandstone. A complex at Roulos formed the original capital of this empire, which expanded through its conquest of the Mon Kingdom and eventually that of Champa, though it would later fall itself to the Ayutthaya [ay-yut-THIGH-yuh]. Rajendravarman II, Suryavarman II, and the founder Jayavarman II were among the notable rulers of, FTP, what medieval empire of South Asia centered around Angkor in present-day Cambodia",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c03988ffcf994d499ba014613c486cee",
            "input": "This group's main publication was later supplemented by an addition called Mecano, and its work prompted the formation of the COBRA group. Its building designs include the Caf de Unie and a factory in Permerund, and a building containing free-floating walls, painted steel beams, and interior sliding partitions, the Schroder House. Including such people as Gerrit Rietveld and J. J. Oud, and growing out of Neo-Plasticism, FTP, identify this art movement exemplified by such works as Broadway Boogie-Woogie, which was founded Theo van Doesburg and whose main exponent was Piet Mondrian.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1e27b600109a4f07b9c6d0d9a98f2b27",
            "input": "One of this hero's rampages was stopped when a troop of topless women forced him to avert his eyes, which had seven pupils apiece. He stood alone against an invading army commanded by a queen noted for her friendly thighs while his countrymen suffered from a curse which made them feel the pangs of birth. He was doomed after breaking a geis by eating dog meat given to him by the Morrigan. He used the gae bolg to kill his friend Ferdiad and his son Connla despite the protests of his wife Emer. Known for defending Ulster during the Cattle Raid of Cooley, FTP name this Irish hero, born Setanta, who acquired a new name after killing the hound of Culainn.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ff3715313a64ea3a84b20e7743c97a3",
            "input": "Praxagora is the leader of a group of woman who institute a socialist government in one of this man's plays, while another play by this man discusses how Dikaiopolis negotiates a private peace treaty during the Peloponnesian War. This author of The Assemblywomen and The Acharnians wrote about Trygaeus, who rides a dung beetle into heaven before freeing the title goddess in his play Peace, while more well known works by this man include one in which a dog is put on trial for the theft of cheese after an argument between Anticleon and Procleon, one in which Strepsiades enrolls Pheidippades in the Thinkery, and one in which the women of Athens deny their husbands sex until they end the Peloponnesian War. For 10 pointsname this author of The Wasps, The Clouds, and Lysistrata.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ec9cb16ae66475587593c966a46083e",
            "input": "After the Civil War, the \"\"exodusters\"\" fled to this state, where the question of slavery had earlier led to the drafting of the Lecompton Constitution. The Wakarusa War occurred here during a time that also saw John Brown lead a massacre at Pottawatomie. An act that allowed new states' voters to choose whether they would permit (*) slavery was named for this state and Nebraska. For 10 points, name this one time \"\"Bleeding\"\" state whose anti-slavery centers included the often sacked city of Lawrence and the eventual capital Topeka.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ab6be7bd9414abbb186e4aeebaff3c4",
            "input": "One landmark within this city was damaged in the Black Tom Explosion. In 1911, Isaac Harris and Max Blanck were fined after a fire at the Asch Building killed one hundred forty-six garment workers in this city. Boss Tweed once led Tammany Hall from this city, which was home to the largest draft riot during the American Civil War. This city was originally known as New Amsterdam. In 2001, the two tallest buildings in this city were destroyed in the 9/11 attacks. For 10 points, name this most populous American city.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18f03b821ed343a18485f6cca66c72fa",
            "input": "The out-of-season blooming of a begonia tree is seen as a bad sign in this work, and in the end the protagonist ends up being asked to serve at court and it is told that he became a bodhisattva. After one member of the central family in this work becomes a second degree consort, a visit by her sets off the transformation of the two family compounds into the Takuanyuan. Another character in this work had a coffin already made when a priest and a monk come along and helped him and Phoenix recover. One figure in this work brings a stone to life by touching it, which eventually began watering a crimson flower, and it eventually ended up in the mouth of Pao-yu. FTP, identify this novel by Cao Xueqin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-305ce07ce7f54dd48741f8941b6de135",
            "input": "[AR] In order to avoid hydrolysis of the initial reactant strong bases such as Lithium diisopropylamide must be used and final intermediate must be neutralized by an aqueous acid in order to obtain the final product. The classic version of this reaction has one enolizable reactant while a variation involving aryl aldehydes has this reaction's namesake appended with Schmidt. The Stobbe modification is specifically for the diethyl ester of succinic acid and a related reaction using alpha-halo esters is known as the Darzens reaction, while an intramolecular version of this reaction is known as the Dieckman Reaction, which readily creates five or six membered rings. For 10 points, name this eponymous condensation reaction involving esters or ketones conducted in the presence of sodium ethoxide to yield beta-ketoesters.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a3285b9df524c99ac104182d836595d",
            "input": "A covariant bound on this quantity proposed by Raphael Bousso is defined in terms of this quantity's value on light-like hypersurfaces chosen so that the generating null geodesics have non-positive expansion. One argument against white holes' existence in our universe is the significantly lower value for this quantity they have than their black counterparts. The maximum value for this quantity in a region of radius R is equal to 2pi R times Boltzmann's constant times energy enclosed divided by h-bar times c, according to a bound put forth by Jacob (*) Bekenstein. The equality case in the Bekenstein bound is achieved by black holes, for which this quantity is proportional to area, as suggested by the observation that event horizons generally only grow in size. For 10 points, identify this quantity whose non-decrease is the subject of the second law of thermodynamics.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6089834ff1454624806a1b40657d5fcf",
            "input": "A 2004 paper attempted to derive superconductivity in some materials from the interactions of \"small polarons\" named for this effect arising from large electron-intermolecular vibration coupling in the presence of an intramolecular vibration. Certain electronic transitions in some species are unexpectedly weakly Laporte-allowed due to this effect, which also provides copper's place as highest on the high-spin Irving-Williams series. This phenomenon predicts the insulating activity of certain metal-doped fullerene species. A radical anion of cyclooctatetraene exhibits this effect. A weaker version of this effect occurs with species like scandium (I), since the t2g set does not point at any ligands. This phenomenon occurs most strongly in high spin d4, low spin d7, and d9 complexes. For 10 points, identify this phenomenon that occurs principally in octahedral geometries to prevent asymmetrically occupied orbitals from having degenerate energy levels by stretching one axis.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10e6fafcd9fa4dbf8545bb9ab975a97a",
            "input": "Cities on its shores include Kibwesa, Wapembe, and Mpala, and the Mushara, Murembwe and Dama end in it. A source of great biodiversity, its namesake sardine is an important food source for locals. Despite its depth, the lower regions are mysteriously only a few degrees colder than the surface. In rainy years water from it flows into the Lukuga River and then into the Lualaba. John Speke and Richard Burton were the first two westerners to find it, and Henry Stanley found David Livingstone at Ujiji on its shores. It felt a 6.5 magnitude earthquake in 2005 due to a shift in the fault that is responsible for the Great Rift Valley, and it borders four countries including Burundi and Tanzania. FTP, name this member of the African Great Lakes, the world's second biggest lake by volume.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28739f212af74d429ca9753902bb23a5",
            "input": "This composer transposed his first symphony from E-flat minor to E minor to make it more playable, and the Queen of Shemakha sings the \"Hymn to the Sun\" in one of his operas. Another opera by this composer of The Golden Cockerel includes the \"Dance of the Tumblers\" and ends when the title character's love for Mizgir causes her to melt. This composer of The (*) Snow Maiden included recurrent \"Alborada\" movements in a work based on Spanish folk music, and also composed a suite based on One Thousand and One Nights. For ten points, name this Russian composer of Capriccio Espagnol and Scheherazade, whose Tale of Tsar Sultan includes the \"Flight of the Bumblebee\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ffce2598ddd4196815db4eca1dfa3ee",
            "input": "The Abbe number is defined in terms of this quantity, which can be found using Cauchy's or Sellmeier's equation. It is equal to the square root of the product of the relative permeability and the relative permittivity of the material, and metamaterials could have a negative value for this quantity. The arctangent of the ratio between two materials' values for this gives Brewster's Angle. It also appears in an equation that follows from Fermat's Principle, Snell's Law, and it is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to in a medium. For 10 points, name this property which governs a namesake effect in which a beam of light is bent as it passes between mediums.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6d2d8bf2626c4b489e8bd50a51f4faa9",
            "input": "The death of this mans lover, Mamah Cheney, inspired the second of two works near Spring Green, Wisconsin, while one of his most famous creations was for Edgar Kaufmann, Sr. His other works include the Charnley Building, the Larkin Building in Buffalo and the Robie House on the south side of Chicago. Highly associated with Oak Park, Illinois, for ten points, name this American architect of Taliesin and Fallingwater, whom Apu claims is the designer of Marge Simpsons hair.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f22b4b4fba294844b7efddf38907c0f7",
            "input": "This architect used a prototype known as the Dom-Ino house to model many of his buildings. A one-time proponent of Syndicalism, this architect collaborated with Amedee Ozenfant during a Purist phase, and his work abroad included the winning design for the Centrosoyuz building and the Ministry of Education and Health in Rio de Janeiro. One of this architect's most famous buildings contains an elliptical ground floor and a central ramp situated in a square plan, while another of his buildings is notable for its shell-like exterior and giant gargoyle, and is located near Beaufort. This architect planned the layout of the city of Chandigarh, while his important constructions close to home include the chapel at Ronchamps and the Notre Dame du Haut. For ten points, identify this architect who characterized houses as machines for living, designed the Villa Savoie, and wrote Towards a New Architecture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f2b095241cc4644bcacaeab3d21cfe2",
            "input": "This event was investigated by a committee led by Aaron F. Perry, and it was publicized thanks to letters leaked by Henry Simpson McComb. A company involved in this event was founded by George Francis Train and Thomas Durant. It occurred because Oakes Ames offered (*) shares in a certain construction company to other congressmen at discounted rates during the construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad under the purview of Union Pacific. For 10 points, name this scandal which took place in 1872, during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d521cde5d35d4c59ad97268db5f1df9c",
            "input": "This reaction is combined with an aldol condensation to produce cyclohexenones in a process named for Robinson, and a variation of this uses silyl ethers and titanium tetrachloride, in a reaction named also for Mukaiyama. In a process analogous to this reaction, performed with simple ketones, the equilbrium is shifted towards the reagents, unlike in the Claisen and aldol condensations, necessitating the use of an enolate in conjugate addition to produce the 1,4-addition. For 10 points, what is this reaction named for an American chemist, which consists of the addition of a carbanion to an alpha, beta unsaturated carbonyl",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d898955e35304313a9ecf03f80b04182",
            "input": "In the background of this painting, the same plant from the artist's Woman with Plants can be seen with two other plants on a porch. The title was inspired by a window in this painting that has black and white curtains. The artist used his dentist as a model for this painting. One of the gloomy central figures wears a red and gold broach and a black dress, and the far right of the painting shows a red barn. The figure on the right wears glasses and overalls and carries a pitchfork. For 10 points, name this painting by Grant Wood.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b22cfbe42bdd431798952a34ad8ff8c5",
            "input": "This rule holds if the operator algebra for some set of observables is non-trivial; that is true because it is derived via the Schwarz inequality applied to the expectation value of the commutator of two observables operators. It formally bounds the product of the dispersions in two observables. An adapted form of this law applies to energy and time; it applies directly to any two components of spin, but it is best known in its application to position and momentum, the product of the standard deviations of which is at least h-bar over two. FTP, name this principle from quantum mechanics that limits the precision of measurements.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0dc63b0e77944140bf518e522c31fc2f",
            "input": "In a 1973 text, a philosopher argued that this theory produces the wrong \"sort of considerations...into finding the answer\" to problems posed by the examples of \"Jim and the Indians\" or \"George and the arms manufacturers.\" Another objection to this theory is that it allows \"no rest.\" In an adversarial collaboration with J.J.C. Smart, Bernard Williams stated that the day when people stop discussing this theory \"cannot be too far off,\" and advanced the \"integrity objection\" to it. The fact that, for a population of at least 10 billion, there could exist some larger population whose sum-total existence would be better even though individuals had lives barely worth living is a simple formulation of Derek Parfit's counterexample to this theory dubbed the \"repugnant conclusion.\" For 10 points, name this ethical system under which a person facing the trolley problem should switch the track to kill one person instead of many, because that choice reduces total suffering.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d907b9c43e404b7389118466db378dfc",
            "input": "It was amended by two acts that enforced its sections 2 and 7, the Robinson-Patman Act and the Celler-Kefauver Act. A declaration that the labor of a human being is not an article of commerce was included in this legislation that restricted the use of injunctions against labor unions, legalized picketing and boycotts, and prohibited exclusive sales contracts and inter-corporate stock holdings. FTP, name this 1914 anti-trust act that amended and supplemented the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4d89ec62bab4fdcaf299e1293792e63",
            "input": "[JR] In this work, an aristocratic young man falls in love with the titular object, personified as \"Fair Welcome\" but opposed by other personifications that symbolize the personal and social restraints standing against the man's romantic advances  Fear, Shame, Gossip, and Danger. The first part was never finished; it breaks off with the titular object imprisoned in the castle of Jealousy. The work was completed some years later by scholar at the University of Paris. Its purported attacks on women prompted a famous response from Christine de Pizan. For 10 points, name this medieval French poem begun by Guillaume de Lorris in A.D. 1237 and completed by Jean de Meun around 1280.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fcafbdaf832d4ec197cf8cd73a06226a",
            "input": "In a scene from this novel, a group of friends hide behind a waterfall, though in the ensuing action they suffer from the theft of much of their supplies. One comical character in this novel is David Gamut, a singer who at one point attempts to teach some beavers his gift of song. Another character agrees to set the rest of his captives free if Cora Munro will become his wife, but that man, Magua, is hunted down by Natty Bumppo, who works in conjunction with Uncas and Chingachook (\"\"Chicago\"\") at various points during this work. For 10 points, name this novel by James Fenimore Cooper, a part of the Leatherstocking Tales.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23d9980f01954107bf69610af77908ca",
            "input": "This man appears below a sculpture of a bearded head and above a large stone slab displaying a Latin phrase, which surround a circular window in the \"porthole portrait\" of him. A golden table leg resembling an eagle-topped fasces appears in another portrait of this man, who holds a sword and wears a purple cloak while seated between the goddesses Victory and Liberty in another painting. This subject of the Lansdowne Portrait experienced an (*) \"Apotheosis\" in a Constantino Brumidi fresco and was depicted by Rembrandt Peale as \"Patriae Pater\". Ice chunks modeled on those found in the Rhine appear in a painting in which this man dramatically perches next to the flag-bearing Lieutenant James Monroe. For 10 points, name this politician and general who Emanuel Leutze depicted \"Crossing the Delaware\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd820594dadf4c7f9628f9181639c8c8",
            "input": "At this novel's end, the Justice charges that the heroine's father had fleeced the government in two deals, one of which involved a young Joseph Conrad and the other of which involved separate shipments of right and left boots. Earlier, one of this novel's protagonists gets a lover killed by painting \"This pussy is mine\" on her stomach but forgetting to remove it before her husband comes home. That character also has an affair with 14-year-old America Vicuna, whose grades plummet and cause her suicide, though he never sleeps with Leona Cassiani, his secretary at the (*) riverboat company that he takes over from Uncle Leo. This novel's other primary male dies chasing his parrot up a tree, just after having discovered his chess partner Jeremiah de Saint-Amour had committed suicide. Dr. Juvenal Urbino's death allows the resumption, after fifty-one years, of the romance of Fermina Daza and Florentino Ariza in, for 10 points, what novel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b7b0399c57d4f4881e08c0134065587",
            "input": "The gyromagnetic ratio of an electron is equal to the magnetic moment divided by this quantity. Its operator is equal to negative i h bar times r cross the gradient. The quantum number j corresponds to the total value of this. Its conservation is a consequence of the isotropy of space. Its derivative with respect to time is torque and Kepler's second law follows from it being conserved. It is equal to the product of moment of inertia and angular velocity. For 10 points, name this rotational version of momentum.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd071612623f493295d85f4744e24a60",
            "input": "This ruler asked for assistance from Gregory XIII to intercede in an unsuccessful conflict known as the Livonian War. This ruler divided his kingdom into two realms, one of which was not ruled by him called the zemschina. The other portion was governed by the oprichniki, who dressed in black and terrorized the countryside. This ruler was the first to take the title of (*) tsar. This man contributed to the decline of the Rurikid dynasty by killing his heir. For 10 points, name this tsar whose reign included a considerable amount of violence.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b644534d2db408fbdc70680a299e156",
            "input": "This work's upper-left corner depicts birds flying out of a cave through a hole in a hill. Elsewhere, a man holding a tree branch flies on a griffin and another man peers at a mouse through a glass tube. A pig wears a nun's habit in this work, and, when closed, this work depicts the third day of creation. Two ears are pierced by an arrow on the right of this painting that depicts oversized [*] fruit in the middle section. On the right of this painting, a bird eats humans while some men are crucified on a lute and a harp. With a left panel representing the creation of man, a right panel Hell, and a center representing the titular location of pleasure, for 10 points, name this triptych by Hieronymus Bosch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32c154c87cb645328a96c53eac43e4e6",
            "input": "An international collaboration based in this country has produced evidence for bottom-to-down quark transitions and proof of non-kaon CP-violation. This country, which is home to the Belle experiment, also produced a physicist who discovered the temperature-dependence of resistivity due to electron scattering by magnetic impurities. Another physicist from here theorized that mesons carried the nuclear force, predicting the existence of pions. This country, which contains the KEK laboratory, also houses an underground facility where photomultiplier tubes detect rings of Cherenkov radiation in ultra-pure water. That facility found the first evidence of atmospheric neutrino oscillations and is named the Super-Kamiokande. For 10 points, name this birthplace of Jun Kondo and Hideki Yukawa.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba1f720e7a6645aa823d47a97e12ad03",
            "input": "Delta Scuti is sometimes called a \"dwarf\" type of them. Photon pressure causes them to rapidly expand in size; however, when the star has expanded, the pressure gradient is then too weak to counteract gravity, leading to contraction. Their classical or Type I variety is the generally thought to be the most useful after Henrietta Leavitt discovered their period-luminosity relationship. FTP, name these stars used as a standard candle in making astronomical distance measurements, one of the major classes of variable stars.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a65d943e4a2a4fe4b70f941c76a6383e",
            "input": "This man collaborated with Richard Foster on a modern art museum in Washington, D. C. and with John Burgee to design two buildings that each have an inclination of 15 degrees. This designer of such works as the Gate of Europe in Madrid and the Kreeger museum continued such collaborations by working with Foster to design the David H. Koch theater in Lincoln and working with Burgee to design a complex inspired by Charles Klauder's Cathedral of Learning, a building complex noted for its (*) 231 spires. Other works by this man include a glass mega-church in Garden Grove, California, a personal residence in New Canaan, Connecticut and a Park Avenue skyscraper built in the international style. For 10 points, name this American architect known for such works as the PPG Place, the Glass House and his collaboration with Mies van der Rohe, the Seagram Building.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-afaa9e52829e452baa6b73295c25b4ee",
            "input": "The bass in this opera is unimpressed by \"modern music\" when a girl sings from the fictional opera The Vain Precaution during a music lesson. A teacher describes how slander spreads in the aria \"La calunnia\" before the soprano sings the famous aria \"Una voce poco fa\" while reading a love letter, which she later switches with a laundry list. The tenor disguises himself as the music teacher Don Alonzo after he earlier s pretended to be the poor student Lindoro while serenading the window of Dr. Bartolo's ward. The title character of this opera sings \"Largo al factotum\" before helping Count Almaviva woo the sheltered Rosina. For 10 points, name this Rossini opera whose title character is Figaro.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-825831b48a0243a9b9e1651cd94d2b0c",
            "input": "A character in one novel by this author collects stamps with Kappie and is implicated for a crime by a seashell planted in his pocket. In that novel, the central character beheads a woman he had impregnated, hoping in vain to avoid prosecution under the Immorality Act. This author wrote a novel in which Barbara Smith's servant is sent to jail for brewing liquor and Mr. McLaren claims his countrymen will only improve if they find meaning in life. That novel by this author of (*) Too Late the Phalarope includes the monk Msimangu and a character who is put on trial for murdering Arthur Jarvis, Absalom. For 10 points, name this South African author who wrote about the Kumalo family in Cry, the Beloved Country.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de3d4fcf3f5f44b0a5b3376cb0640ee9",
            "input": "As a colonel, this president led a brigade that followed White's West Virginians in a frontal assault at Cloyd's Mountain. This president appointed William Woods and John Harlan to the Supreme Court, and faced the Shamokin Uprising and labor unrest in Martinsburg, West Virginia during a large railroad strike in his first year in office. His Treasury Secretary John Sherman launched the Jay Commission, leading this man to remove Alonzo Cornell and (*) Chester Arthur from their positions with the Port of New York. Horace Greeley's fabricated story about an opponent's \"Cipher Dispatches\" helped this man win an election resolved by Thomas A. Scott. This President saw his veto on the Bland-Allison Act overridden, delighting his foe Roscoe Conkling. For 10 points, name this President whose victory over Samuel Tilden in 1876 led to the end of Reconstruction.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3f9b4c5a3734264a31468447990dbe0",
            "input": "The spin of these particles was confirmed experimentally by determining the distribution of the EllisKarliner angle. SCET provides a framework for doing calculations when these particles are at low energies or moving in the same direction as particles they interact with. The clearest evidence of these particles' existence came from the decay of a quark resonance into three jet events at DESY's PLUTO experiment, and they are depicted using a spiral in Feynman diagrams. These bosons and quarks form a namesake plasma or \"soup,\" and are responsible for an interaction approximately 39 magnitudes more effective than gravity. For 10 points, identify these gauge bosons which help hold atomic nuclei together by mediating the strong force.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28850aff33f047f89fc9ceec960dd163",
            "input": "Some of the early members of this set of works, including the Khandogya and Brihad, belong to the Brahmanas of their base works, while many others contain the doctrine of neti-neti as propounded by Yajnavalkya. The fundamental objective of these speculative works is, generally, the ultimate synthesis of atman and Brahman, which several claim to accomplish. The source of the Vedanta, FTP, name this set of approximately one hundred commentaries on the Vedas, the name of which may imply sitting near the feet of a master.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6d6be94e83044a27bfd797636563a0bd",
            "input": "This man wrote the words to a hymn beginning \"The Lord will come and not be slow\". In another sonnet, the nineteenth in a sequence, he wrote that \"God doth not need either man's work or his own gifts\".In one of his works, a wicked sorcerer betrays Lady Alice Egerton's trust, telling her that \"beauty is Nature's coin, must not be hoarded\". In another, this author describes a \"two-handed engine\" in a pastoral elegy on the death of Edward King. He wrote a closet drama about a pained Old Testament Nazarite, Samson Agonistes, which was set in publication against his New Testament epic poem. The author of both Comus and \"Lycidas\", this is, for 10 points, which author who also wrote about the Fall of Lucifer inParadise Lost and Paradise Regained.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-315ee02eb7ce4e5dbf594c63eaf1a295",
            "input": "This Vermont native's political positions included head of House and then Senate committees on territories, in which capacity he gave a speech telling opponents of expansion that \"you cannot fetter the limbs of this young giant. \" His support for expansion led him to favor repeal of the Missouri Compromise and he answered the Dred Scott decision by supporting popular sovereignty in what became known as the Freeport Doctrine. For 10 points, name this man who ran for president against John Bell, John C. Breckenridge and Abraham Lincoln, against the last of whom he had held a famous series of debates in Illinois.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a96b296e13c84deab975e7038770743b",
            "input": "This poet wrote \"I want my free will and want it accompanying the path which leads to action\"  before declaring \"I am too much alone in this world.\" Another poem by him begins with the lines  \"Spring has come again. The earth is like a child that knows poems by heart.\" That sonnet was a part  of a larger work of his written in Chateau de Muzot and dedicated to (*) Vera Knoop. This author wrote about a statue whose \"legendary head with eyes like ripening fruit\" is lost in a poem that ends with the  line \"you must change your life,\" \"The Archaic Torso of Apollo.\" His best known work asks \"who, if I cried  out, would hear me among the Angelic Orders\" For 10 points, name the German poet of Sonnets to  Orpheus and The Duino Elegies.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ca89250d9ef459fba536a929ad3e32b",
            "input": "This architect compared the 1,000 skylights of one project to a \"sunflower turning toward the light\" and a \"Magritte moment. \" He claimed his \"most proud work\" was a \"jelly\" wristwatch for Swatch, while his designs include a huge commercial center in the shape of a volcano. He modified the Woodruff center at Richard Meier's High Museum in Atlanta and his other expansion projects include that of the Whitney Museum's downtown building and Boston's Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. His recent projects include The Shard and design featuring a hovering sunscreen called a \"flying carpet. \" This architect of the Modern Wing at the Chicago Institute of Art designed a building based on the shape of a landing hand-glider located on an artificial island. He collaborated with Richard Rogers on a building characterized by multicolored tubes marking the structural elements. For 10 points, name this Italian architect who worked on the Centre Pompidou and the Kansai Airport Terminal.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10149da47e87458282c384516563b9f2",
            "input": "This artist painted  Still Life: Piece of Beef and he depicted a scene with many people holding French flags out of buildings in The Rue Montorgueil. This man did several series of paintings on the same structures at different times and days, such as the Houses of Parliament and the Rouen Cathedral. He also did many depictions of Haystacks and (*) Water Lilies. For 10 points, name this French painter of Impression: Sunrise, a painting which gave its name to the Impressionist movement.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0411772a627e40ffb2da4372022b5a2a",
            "input": "In a perfect crystal this namesake intensity is proportional to the structure factor and is known as the dynamic theory of this. By collecting information from evanescent waves the limit named for this phenomenon can be surpassed to create superlenses. The radius of the aperture squared divided by the product of the wavelength and the distance to the aperture determines if the Fraunhofer or Fresnel equations for this are used. For 10 points, name this phenomenon where a wave bends around an object.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-704c897976884f9994e000b22fef6ca6",
            "input": "It came about because General Bazaine had fought a successful engagement Saarbrucken, but then gotten bogged down at Metz and needed to be rescued. With his newly formed Army of Chalons General MacMahon tried to recapture the glory that had earlier allowed him to beat the Austrians at Solferino and Magenta, but at this site near the Meuse his opponents managed to pound him with their steel artillery while still out of range of French bronze guns. Thus 100,000 men got captured by von Moltke's army, which then went on to occupy Paris in the aftermath of, for 10 points, what battle that saw the end of Napoleon III and the Franco-Prussian War",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5fe4d8d5dda441494ec0abf4d570ff3",
            "input": "This legislation included bills that created what is now the Federal Transit Administration as well as the National Trails System. This program saw Commissioner of Education Francis Keppels Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which established Head Start. This program established the Community Action Program, Upward Bound, Job Corps, and VISTA to fight the War on Poverty, a major initiative of this legislation. For 10 points, name this program of federal spending that included Medicare and Medicaid, enacted during Lyndon Johnsons presidency.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7193ed7ea9094d218b6af5d8fedf418d",
            "input": "This persons wealth went to such projects such an estate in Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, where he spent much of his later life with a prostitute named Caroline Lacroix, and the Royal Glasshouses. While he earned the moniker the King Builder in his native country, a vigorous campaign against this ruler by E. D. Morel and others in England forced him to relinquish a generator of rubber revenue to his countrys parliament. A onetime employer of Henry Morton Stanley and the subject of an Adam Hochschild book, for ten points, name this Belgian king best known for forming and exploiting the Congo Free State.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94642122393a4a018e83c29ebeca069d",
            "input": "An acclaimed 24-sheet map of this city was created by the cartographer John Rocque, and John Evelyn's proposed plan for this city was ignored. A Doric column here is a monument that at one time contained an inscription blaming \"Popish frenzy\" for a disaster, while a later event here featured rioters painting an inscription referring to \"King Mob\" on a prison wall. In this city, Simon (*) Sudbury was executed in an uprising, which was ended after Mayor William Walworth stabbed Wat Tyler to death. Its \"Great Plague\" was documented in the diary of Samuel Pepys, and Christopher Wren proposed a rebuilding plan of this city after a 1666 disaster. For 10 points, name this English city where St. Paul's Cathedral was rebuilt after the Great Fire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b94e75e73bf4966bf18d61320c168b4",
            "input": "This thinker distanced himself from other Young Hegelians by arguing for political emancipation with religious freedom in On the Jewish Question. This philosopher discussed historical materialism and said that the point of philosophy is to change the world in his Theses on Feuerbach. This author of German Ideology outlined his labor theory of value in a work denouncing the exploitation of labor entitled Das Kapital. He also wrote a work outlining his political philosophy with Friedrich Engels. For 10 points, name this author of The Communist Manifesto.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88b779fa2cf94943968873646011c1a7",
            "input": "Works by this man, include Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven and the posthumous Europe and Elsewhere, in which he elaborates on the pessimistic ideas of later works like the essay \"To the Person Sitting in Darkness. \" A critic of contemporary popular fiction, \"The Stolen White Elephant\"and Simon Wheeler, Detective lampooned the public's interest in Alan Pinkerton's novels. A Civil War deserter who tells his story in \"The Private Campaign that Failed,\"his creation of Colonel Sellers in an 1873 novel he co-wrote with Charles Dudley Warner named his era. But he first tasted literary success with an 1865 story about Jim Smiley and his hopping amphibian. FTP, name this author best known for works like Following the Equator, Life on the Mississippi, and The Prince and the Pauper.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1376d7ce7ca94ceb9029ccba7180c8a0",
            "input": "This play opens with a midday meeting in which a man berates his friend for his alcoholism and lends him a tie and comb. This play's first act sees a grocer obsessively try to win back the business of a housewife, whose cat dies in the ensuing action. In another part of this play, an Old Gentleman hears that his dog must be a cat from a Logician that explains syllogisms. Dudard's professional success worries this play's central character, who suggests to Daisy that they repopulate the human race before she leaves him for not understanding love. For 10 points, name this absurdist play by Eugene Ionesco in which everyone but Berenger grows horns and turns into the title animal.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78868631596f4e16826fb0e48d7abdec",
            "input": "his time in a house once owned by John Everett Millais he created the triptych Studies for Three Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion. For 15 points, identify this 20th-century Irish painter who repeatedly adapted Velazquezs painting of Pope Innocent X, a descendant of the English philosopher whose name he shares.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ae03277d91647a0884c246a87f856d3",
            "input": "A character in one of his stories compares South Africa to a John Ford western. and one of his novels ends with a Hindu ceremony for the death of his sister in a section entitled The Ceremony of Farewell. The career of the exiled Ralph Singh is followed in his novel The Mimic Men, and Richard's retirement from Excal is the focus of his Mr. Stone and the Knights Companion. Ferdinand represents the New Man of Africa in his work A Bend in the River, and fires and storms destroy two attempts by the six-fingered title character to own a home in his novel A House for Mr. Biswas. The 2001 Nobel Prize winner in Literature, FTP name this Trinidadian author.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a9e8c1612914094aca98c0666fe9306",
            "input": "One character in this work declares the modern invention of the time-table to be more significant than the gospel, Homer, or the entire work of Immanuel Kant. This declaration occurs while several characters are waiting for the Amelia, a ship that originally brought one of the main characters to the island that is the setting of this play.One character in this play points out that naming a female character Sulla is inaccurate. Although several of the main characters are killed at the end of Act III by a mob led by Radius, Alquist is left alive and eventually discovers that the love between Primus and Helena will perpetuate the existence of the titular automatons. For 10 points, identify this play byKarel apek that introduced the word robot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03f9236b85e04db9865dc600ef8c3367",
            "input": "This composer's Second String Quartet depicts four men who \"converse, discuss, argue...fight, shake hands, shut up  then walk up the mountainside to view the firmament!\" One of this composer's song texts posits a \"place in the soul all made of tunes,\" a phrase which titles J. Peter Burkholder's authoritative study on this composer's use of musical borrowing. This composer theorized a dichotomy between musical \"substance\" and \"manner\" in the Epilogue to his Essays Before a Sonata. The dissonances of one movement by this composer were supposedly inspired by the sound of two different (*) marching bands playing simultaneously, and he wrote a piano piece that features optional flute and viola parts. That piece contains a \"human faith\" melody that is thematically related to quotations of the \"Fate\" motif from Beethoven's Fifth. For 10 points, name this composer who depicted figures like Emerson and Thoreau in his Concord Sonata.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d154bad7006f49a0a1d5d047ef365472",
            "input": "This artist depicted a nude woman being chased through a forest and being brutally murdered by a mounted knight at a phantom picnic in a series commissioned for the Pucci-Bini marriage. His innovations include use of the three quarter pose, as in his portrait of Smeralda Bandinelli. A narrative painting by this man shows a woman with a knife in her breast lying at the base of a large central column surmounted by a marble statue of David. Besides The Story of Lucretia, one of his paintings shows twelve angels with (*) olive branches dancing beneath a golden opening in the sky. Another painting shows the Three Graces dancing a roundel and Zephyr attempting to grab Chloris at far right, while Venus stands serenely in the center. For 10 points, name this painter of The Mystical Nativity and Primavera.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-991619b2350a480cb653be87e051b967",
            "input": "In one opera by this composer, Zerbinetta sings \"The high and mighty princess\" aria and the title character sings a duet with Bacchus. Another opera by this composer sees Octavian dress up as the chambermaid Mariandel to trick Baron Ochs. This composer of Ariadne auf Naxos often collaborated with the librettist Hugo von Hofmannstahl. He wrote an opera in which the head of Jokanaan is served on a platter after the \"Dance of the Seven Veils. \" For 10 points, name this German composer of the operas Salome and Der Rosenkavalier.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70aba884816448ea908f6999cf2d38d6",
            "input": "This region of the atmosphere contains nacreous [NAY-kree-us] clouds, which are typically near the poles during cold seasons. Some scientists believe they can control climate change by injecting sulfate aerosols into this layer. Convection does not occur because of temperature inversion in this layer, whose coldest part is at its bottom, near the tropopause. The upper part of this region, which absorbs most of the ultraviolet light from the sun, is the ozone layer. Name this region between the troposphere and the mesosphere where most airplane flight takes place.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8018f2afa6974b37addd7bf42af5830d",
            "input": "One character in this novel receives news of her brother's death from her father while he uses a lathe. This novel's protagonist develops a friendship with Platon Karataev, a peasant he meets in a prisoner of war camp. Another character, Nikolai, is led to financial ruin after(*) losing 40,000 roubles to Dolokov. Andrei Bolkonski is wounded in battle following the end of his engagement to Natasha Rostova, who falls in love with the novel's protagonist. For 10 points, name this gargantuan Leo Tolstoy novel about Pierre Bezukhov set during the Napoleonic Wars.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f07cd9f7b1741d3a5e8f818c917a4d4",
            "input": "Research by Papathinasiou and Wasserburg in the 1970s demonstrated that the SNC meteorites originated from this body. The earliest stage of evolution of this body is called the Noachian epoch, and a large formation on this body has deformed its lithospheric crust to create features like the Argyre basin. Unlike its nearest neighbor of the same type, this body lacks a dipolar magnetic field, thought the presence of radial magnetic fields suggest that it may be home to a magma ocean. Its surface is home to the Hellas impact basin as well as a long trench running 3000 miles from the Noctis Labyrinthus, and the Phoenix mission has recently confirmed the discovery of water on this body. Home to the Tharsis region, the Valles Marineris, and the tallest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, for 10 points, identify this planet orbited by Deimos and Phobos, which is red.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b9f4f89967a46e5922a9ab0e9d52ed1",
            "input": "The Siskiyou Wilderness is a section of the Klamath Mountains located in the northern part of this state. The largest amount of dust pollution in the US comes from a dry lake in this state where borax is mined. After a 1905 flood, this state's largest lake was formed near the Coachella Valley. This state is home to Mono and Owens Lakes. A bristlecone pine tree called Methuselah, located here, is the oldest single living organism on the planet. This home of the Salton Sea is also the location of the largest mountain outside Alaska in the US. The San Joaquin river flows from the Sierra Nevada in this state. For 10 points, name this home of Yosemite National Park.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-349c204225524a05886c8760a6cd1065",
            "input": "In a novel with sections \"Baggage\", \"Transit\", and \"Arrivals\", this author wrote about a civil rights lawyer that earns a seat on a Technical Committee on Constitutional Issues. In another novel, this writer describes a former political activist named Max whose wife, Liz Van Den Sandt, wants to avoid brutal police punishment while protesting. In addition to None to Accompany Me and and The Late Bourgeois World, she also wrote about a 35-year old man with thyroid cancer who during radioactive treatment cannot be around his son in Get A Life. For 10 points--name this author who wrote about a white family fleeing to the town of their servant as apartheid is abolished in July's People, the 1991 Nobel Literature laureate.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f36eab3017c4569868a934060c46f02",
            "input": "This man once won a contest by causing a great wind that shook a castle to its foundations. He had a rival named Heinnin Fardd, whom this man defeated by casting a spell that caused Fardd to speak only gibberish. This man once glanced at a patch of ice and fell into a trance, resulting in a vision where he saw that his master had been thrown into a dungeon. This man once tricked Rhun into cutting off a servants finger, thus saving the reputation of his masters wife. This man won a race on Dobbin by dropping twigs of holly, which caused the horses of Maelgwn to stop running. Apart from being put into a bag and thrown into the ocean, where he was found by Elphin, his misadventures include being chased by an otter through the river and being eaten by a hen, who was really the witch Ceridwen, his original master. This man drank three drops of a liquid that had been brewed for a year and a day, acquiring his command of language. For ten points, name this foremost bard of Welsh myth.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-48dc6b9d15284185b3f5d500de2a5e9b",
            "input": "One novel by this author intersperses the memories of Tony, Charis, and Roz, who recall how Zenia had stolen their boyfriends. Another novel by this author is narrated by 12 maids that are eventually hanged by the narrator's husband. The epilogue to another of her novels features scholars at a symposium informing the audience that the text we just read is a series of audiotapes from 200 years in the past. This author of (*) The Robber Bride created a character who meditates on a Latin phrase that is translated as \"Don't let the bastards grind you down.\" In addition to authoring The Penelopiad, she wrote about a woman who learns of the Mayday resistance and serves as a two-legged womb. That character lives in Gilead and is named Offred. For 10 points name this Canadian author of The Handmaid's Tale.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0da1cdf20d1452c85c5b3bbec3b5d5e",
            "input": "In special relativity, such a relationship exists between energy and time as a result of the RobertsonSchrdinger relation. In harmonic analysis, viewing a function and its Fourier transform as conjugate variables on the time-frequency domain will result in the inequality that the infinite integral of the squares of the time and position of the function multiplied by that of its Fourier transform is greater than 1 over 16 pi squared, resulting in a formalized statement of this principle. The most famous version of this principle results when one notes that the wave functions of the momentum and position are Fourier transform pairs, resulting in serious complications in experimentation at the particle level. For 10 points, what is this physical principle whose quantum analog was formulated by a student of Niels Bohr in 1926",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de80a6cb060c4145a16441cf9ebdfdbb",
            "input": "We first meet this character when he sings the aria \"Dunque io son,\" (doon-kay ee-oh sohn) telling of his poor cousin named Lindoro. In a later section he sings of how nothing is more stimulating in the world than gold and proceeds to use his guile to arrange the marriage of Rosina. In another opera he pretends to be Cherubino, as part of a plan he hatches because he cannot repay Marcellina, who turns out to be his mother. Eventually this valet of Count Almaviva is united with his beloved Susanna. FTP, identify this character, a former barber, whose wedding is the subject of a Mozart opera.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aee1883e3f67420989705f6b67e9f119",
            "input": "According to some myths, the expulsion of this mythological figure's brother led to the establishment of a people named the Termiloi. This figure's grandchildren include Apemosyne who was killed by her brother Althamenes. The murder of this figure's son caused a war with a man rendered invulnerable by a purple lock of hair on his head. That conflict with the Megaran King Nisos was ultimately resolved by the seduction of Scylla. Drowned in a bath given to him by the daughters of King Cocalus, this figure's lovers included the boy Miletos. This father of Androgeos and brother of Rhadamanthus next made war on Aegeus, but was cuckolded when a certain inventor built his wife a heifer out of wood and made love to Poseidon's bull. For 10 points, identify this royal husband of Pasiphae for whom Deaedalus built a labyrinth on the island of Crete.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-770d7795f6df4b5cbe92e6ba35d8caa2",
            "input": "Ones that operate on purely theoretical systems are the \"stage\" type, and in general they can be created by devices that accept a Backus-Naur Form file as input. \"Wide\" ones iterate on their intermediate output and are more complex than the (*) \"single pass\" type. One type can be improved by doing a \"pre-JIT\" to reduce start-up delay, and a common stage in their operation uses a parse tree to for syntactical analysis. Ones written in the same language they are being used on are called bootstrappers, and on the fly ones are called Just In Time. Sometimes outputting to data that can be read by a virtual machine, for 10 points, name these objects that convert source code into target machine code.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8bf459d88ea46bf8625ec0c8ced1486",
            "input": "In one story, a goddess was persuaded by a fox to sleep with this figure, and she subsequently fathered eight gods who could cure eight different body parts. This deity was sometimes known as the \"Lord of semen,\" and in one story his semen caused seven different types of plants to sprout from the earth. This figure asked a sun god to make footprints in the ground so that he could fill them with water, giving life to a barren island called Dilmun. This figure saved humanity by warning Atrahasis of a coming flood and, in another story, the misfortunes of humans were a result of a contest between this figure and Ninhursag. This figure causes a confusion of tongues in a speech to Enmerkar, and he was sometimes represented as half-goat and half-fish. Commonly called the \"Lord of Abzu,\" this figure ruled from the city of Eridu and in one story was seduced by the goddess Inanna. For 10 points, identify this Sumerian deity of knowledge, fertility, and water, who was later identified with the Babylonian Ea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89090d4a00b84ea6909355eecd650ca0",
            "input": "According to Howard Becker's work on labeling theory, this phenomenon causes labeling that stands for cultural outrage. Travis Hirschi formulated the \"self-control theory\" of this phenomenon. Cesare Lombroso's anthropological studies led him to conclude a biological basis for this phenomenon. Merton's strain theory posits that anomie might lead a person to pursue this activity, which at law typically has the elements of actus reus and mens rea. For 10 points, name this kind of deviance, which violates prescribed law and is subject to prosecution.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40b288a40ed341319f75f4b98de85815",
            "input": "The Frankland synthesis makes organometallic compounds of this element. Dialkyl derivatives of this element are transmetallation agents in the Negishi coupling. The carbonate ore of this element is smithsonite, while its silicate is hemimorphite. Franklinite is a spinel of this metal but its most important source is sphalerite ore . This element is present in the active sites of carboxypeptidase and carbonic anhydrase, while a method of transforming alpha-haloesters to beta-hydroxy-esters uses an enolate of this metal and is named for Reformatsky. This metal is also coordinated to two cysteine and two histidine residues in some DNA binding domains, its namesake fingers. For ten points, name this transition metal with atomic number 30 and chemical symbol Zn.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8253d217d2134d0ba1bb08088c66bdfe",
            "input": "This author gave an account of a boy who declared \"Boy, I can do anything now\" after his circumcision in a work that claims that boys long for circumcision and that that longing is due to menstruation and vagina envy; that is his essay \"Symbolic Wounds. \" This author analyzed the effects on emigration of communal child rearing in The Children of the Dream. Alan Dundes criticizes this author for claiming that most cultures do not distinguish myth from folktale in one work; in that work, he ignores the masturbatory implications of Jack acquiring a harp that plays by itself and neglects Roheim's reading of oral fixation into Little Red Riding Hood. This author of \"Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations\" claimed that maternal frigidity led to autism in The Empty Fortress and suggested that the title stories would provide children a way to cope with life's problems in his most famous work. For 10 points, name this author of a Freudian analysis of fairy titles entitled The Uses of Enchantment.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30c02b70116b43f5889479d568888161",
            "input": "An early battle in this conflict resulted in the death of Henry Beaufort's father Edmond. Before this conflict, Elizabeth Woodville was supposedly Margaret of Anjou's Maid of Honor. This conflict included battles at Tewkesbery and Saint Albans, the latter of which was a victory for the \"Kingmaker\" Richard Neville. Another battle in this conflict resulted in the death of (*) Richard III and the beginning of Henry VII's Tudor dynasty. The Battle of Bosworth Field occurred in, for ten points, what series of wars between the Houses of Lancaster and York named after their red and white flower symbols",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec9693f2955945a98ce6bd8d5a57fbc6",
            "input": "Ludovic Halevy wrote most of the libretto for this four-act opera, though he had to share the billing with Meilhac [MY-lak]. The composer was criticized for borrowing from popular melodies, particularly the one he expropriated from Sebastian Radier for the famous Habanera. Le Remendado is a tenor and Le Dancaire is a baritone, but of course most celebrated is the titular soprano, made famous by Celestine Galli-Marie. The plot concerns the love for the heroine by both Escamillo and Don Jose, who kills her. Based on a work by Prosper Merimee, FTP, name this most famous opera of George Bizet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47431b88b8ef4fe3a3d67f4efefb1bbe",
            "input": "The speaker of one poem by this author states, \"They send me to eat in the kitchen, when company comes. \" The speaker of another of his poems says, \"I like a pipe for a Christmas present, or records  Bessie, bop, or Bach. \" Aside from \"I, Too\" and \"Theme for English B,\" he wrote a poem which asks \"Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun,\" referring to a dream deferred. He also wrote about the Euphrates, the Congo, and other rivers in \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers. \" For 10 points, name this Harlem Renaissance poet who wrote The Weary Blues.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e56b3301e31145138196f192fa9f1f86",
            "input": "In the upper right of one of this artist's paintings, a man in a purple robe with an orange sash stands out in a sea of figures in grey and yellow. In lieu of a signature, many of his paintings show a hand gesture where the middle and ring fingers are held together and the other two splay out. This man showed a blue-clad St. John raising his arms to heaven on the left of his Opening of the Fifth Seal, and showed the gold-robed saints Stephen and Augustine by the title armor-clad nobleman in Burial of the Count of Orgaz. For 10 points, name this Spanish Renaissance painter of elongated figures, who painted his adoptive home in View of Toledo after emigrating from Crete.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e163ffe32794148aa2860d2c3c4b043",
            "input": "One player of this instrument released the album Speak No Evil and directed Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers before co-founding Weather Report with Joe Zawinhul. Another man who played this instrument frequently performed with his younger brother Nat and released the song \"Mercy, Mercy, Mercy.\" Besides Wayne Shorter and Cannonball Adderley, another player of this instrument was inspired by his daughter to write the song \"Naima.\" The albums Giant Steps and A Love Supreme were recorded by a man who played this instrument. For 10 points, name this instrument whose \"alto\" variety was played by John Coltrane.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-451d394f440a4c898ad8456964efd77a",
            "input": "In spite of this composer's anti-Semitism, the fourth work in his Opus 17 has come to be known as \"The Jew\". He incorporated the cello into his early chamber work Grand Duo on Themes from Robert the Devil, but is better known for piano works, including a famous Fantasy-Impromptu that he disliked so much he refused to have it published. He gained fame for his intimate drawing-room performances of works like the \"Military\" and \"Heroic\" Polonaises and his Second Piano Sonata, containing his famous funeral march. FTP, who was this French composer of Polish descent responsible for the \"Minute\" Waltz",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-729f1a0c4d944052851157dfd4deccd5",
            "input": "The extraction process for this element requires grinding it up and leeching with sulfuric acid, converting its dioxide into a trioxide. Afterwards, it is enriched by adding elemental fluorine to form its hexafluoride, which is then converted back into the dioxide for conversion into the pellets for its best known use. Available from the pitchblende, this element converts into thorium and potassium in the Earth's core and contains the radioactive 238 isotope. For 10 points, identify this actinide used in nuclear power plants, symbolized U.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-548a9e3415704a79a8ffa7d9bfc4bfe2",
            "input": "Realism and Imagination in Ethics and Good and Evil: An Absolute Conception were among the works inspired by this man's namesake school of realism. He claims \"Rules of life are dressed up in pictures\" in Culture and Value, and in one work this man used the Beetle-in-a-box thought experiment to show that private things become public once expressed. Saul Kripke wrote about [This Man] on Rules and Private Language, and he responded to G.E. Moore's attack on skepticism with On Certainty. Author of the Philosophical Investigations, FTP, identify this Austrian philosopher who also wrote some Blue and Brown Books and the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab55a08400734738a51bab5843292a30",
            "input": "This war was a vehicle for personal disputes between the Duke of Somerset and \"the Kingmaker,\" Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick. A sun dog was witnessed before this war's Battle of Mortimer's Cross. One battle of this war saw the forces of Edward IV defeat those of Margaret of Anjou. Including the Battle of Tewkesbury, this war began when [*] Henry VI was captured at St. Alban's. Ending with Henry Tudor's defeat of Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, for 10 points, name this English war fought between the Houses of Lancaster and York, which were represented by red and white versions of its namesake flower.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-846ada49a3d245ccb0af168f5d3a99a0",
            "input": "Isidore of Miletus wrote an apocryphal addition to one work of this man. His Phaenomena was of use to astronomers and he countered Aristotelean thought in his Optics. He is the namesake of a proof of the unbounded number of primes and an algorithm for computing GCD. His most read work is a textbook consisting of thirteen books ranging in subject from number theory to three dimensional solids. That work is the source of (*) five particular postulates. For 10 points, name this Alexandrian author of the Elements and namesake of the traditional type of geometry.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b13ff926368544a1b1b4fa4338c65df4",
            "input": "Nathan Schlanger collected several of this mans works in the 2006 work Techniques, Technology and Civilization, while a counterexample to one of his best known ideas involving Jain gastropolitics is provided in Riches and Renunciation by James Laidlaw. Sociology and Anthropology, a collection of his essays, was published in the year of his death, 1950. This inventor of the phrase total social fact is best known for a work, which is subtitled The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies and discusses reciprocity and voluntary exchange. FTP, name this French sociologist and author of The Gift.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bafb7e1690ee4431adc78fbff9a5c891",
            "input": "Marriage ceremonies in this culture involved a matchmaker tying the groom's cape to the bride's blouse. The city-state of Cholula allied with this empire in an attempt to defeat one army. Friar Bernardino compiled the Florentine Codex to describe the customs of these people, who fought the (*) Flower Wars to acquire sacrificial captives. Before defeating a force assisted by La Malinche during La Noche Triste, this civilization intentionally damaged the bridges leading to their capital Tenochtitlan. For ten points, identify this Meso-American empire, once led by Moctezuma and conquered by the Spanish under Cortes.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-220d67e8ce9e4373acbd0829e8218efe",
            "input": "One of this poet's works addresses the title character by saying \"My tongue had taught thee comfort, touch had quenched thy tears;\" that character, a sick child, would eventually be \"powerful amidst peers\" at the \"random grim forge. \" That poem, \"Felix Randal,\" appeared in the same collection as one that calls the title month \"Mary's Month,\" entitled \"May Magnificat. \" Also the author of \"As Kingfishers Catch Fire,\" another poem asks why the title concept would \"lay a lionlimb against me\" and or scan \"With darksome devouring eyes my bruisd bones\" The title concept of a further poem \"over the bent World broods with warm breast and with ah! bright wings. \"The author of \"Carrion Comfort\" and \"God's Grandeur,\" for 10 points, identify this poet who wrote about a \"dapple dawn-drawn falcon\" in his work \"The Windhover,\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a80e0bf59da4434b00ec1aff53791c5",
            "input": "This ruler parodied Christs entry into Jerusalem in the Most Drunken Synod, and gave control of church property to the Monastery Chancellery. He took power after overthrowing Golitisin and Sofia and later imprisoned his son Alexei, before defeating Charles XII at the Battle of Poltava to win the Great Northern War. For 10 points, name this man who imposed a head and beard tax in order to pay for his creation of Russias navy and modernized Russia during his rule from 1682 to 1725.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ae3de2e2c034895840ddd301d0b3403",
            "input": "This author's first novel is divided into two parts, the first of which ends with Martin being stabbed by a man who writes a report on Vietnam War propaganda named Eugene Dawn. He also created a character that moves in with the bedridden amputee Paul Rayment in one novel and, in another, becomes famous for The House on Eccles Street. This creator of Elizabeth Costello wrote novels about a professor who regularly meets with the prostitute Soraya but loses his job after a charge of sexual harassment and about a harelipped gardener who takes his mother's ashes to St. Albert. For 10 points, name this author who won Booker Prizes for Disgrace and The Life and Times of Michael K.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-761f299f987c4311a7641dd0e7986377",
            "input": "One of this author's novels features the discussion of a flowered carpet, which ends with Gradgrind chanting \"fact, fact, fact!\". In another of his works, Nell Trent dies after Daniel Quilp takes possession of the title locale from her gambling grandfather. In addition to writing (*) Hard Times and The Old Curiosity Shop, this author wrote a novel whose protagonist befriends convict Abel Magwich and loves Estella, the ward of Miss Havisham. For ten points, name this English author who detailed the life of the orphan \"Pip\" in Great Expectations.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e20f8732a9d043c8bb99e0b8a20c9319",
            "input": "This quantity and the change in free energy change are plotted on an Ellingham diagram. The conjugate variable of entropy is this quantity, which is related to surface tension by the Eotvos rule. It decreases for gases in the Joule-Thomson effect, and a voltage is created by differences in this quantity in the Seebeck effect. Pressure and this quantity appear on a phase diagram. Average kinetic energy depends on this quantity, which is constant in isothermal processes. For 10 points, name this quantity measured on scales named for Celsius and Fahrenheit.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-feb05910072449b480c3b8bf3d9e5020",
            "input": "Elliott Antokoletz argues that a certain treaty inspired this composer's \"expansion in range\" technique in his third string quartet, which begins with sections called \"prima parte\" and \"seconda parte\" and introduced his namesake pizzicato. He wrote a work based on a colinda in which nine sons are turned into stags, while another piece opens with a group of \"Unison Melodies\" and ends with six pieces dedicated to Harriet Cohen. This composer of Cantata Profana wrote a work parodying Shostakovich's \"invasion\" theme in the \"intermezzo interrotto\" fourth movement and wrote a collection of 153 instructional piano pieces titled Mikrokosmos. He wrote an opera ending when Judith opens the seventh door of the title location to uncover the three former wives of her husband. For 10 points, name this composer of Concerto for Orchestra and Duke Bluebeard's Castle who collected Hungarian folk songs.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a38fd54bea28474cb113ac5aec388273",
            "input": "After the 202nd Paratroop division crossed the Mitla pass during this event, Gur's commandos sought refuge at the \"Saucer\" before a proper raid on a set of positions known as the \"Hedgehog\" could commence. One part of this event included a military operation codenamed Musketeer, which saw the Newfoundland sink the corvette Damietta and the Ibrahim Al-Awal captured. Indirect factors that precipitated this event included the dismissal of Sir John Glubb from head of the Jordanian army, as well as the signing of an agreement between Turkey and Iraq that created the predecessor organization to CENTO signed in Baghdad. As a result of this event, Eisenhower instructed Humphrey to prepare the sale of British Sterling Bonds and PM Eden burned all of the British copies of the proceedings of a meeting to plan this event, which were conducted in a Paris suburb, called the Protocol of Sevres. Initiated under Operation Kadesh by Israel, and though it was less polarizing for Mollet's cabinet it eventually led to Eden's resignation. Finally ended by a U. S. -led UN Resolution for a cease fire, for 10 points, name this crisis prompted by Gamal Abdel Nasser's nationalization of the eponymous waterway.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a37ba0ef5ad49a4bd1aa96edf5782ff",
            "input": "This author described the \"false patriotic wreath\" in a country populated with \"humble, hungry, mean\" people in \"Let America be America Again.\" In another poem by this writer, the speaker recalls how he has \"built my hut near the Congo\" and \"bathed in the Euphrates.\" In another of his poems, a Negro \"did a lazy sway\" while playing the title (*) tune. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers\" and \"The Weary Blues,\" a leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a64ca0184ee46628ec8324000fae336",
            "input": "In one of this mans works, the Captain and his wife torment each other, along with relatives like Alices cousin Kurt and their daughter Judith. In another, the daughter of a Vedic god descends to Earth to learn about human beings problems. Additionally, this man wrote about his life in the context of his mothers origins in Son of a Servant. Both The Dance of Death and A Dream Play were written as part of the Symbolic movement, which also inspired this author to write The Chamber Plays, which include The Pelican and The Ghost Sonata. Earlier, as part of the Naturalist movement, he had written such works as Master Olaf and The Red Room. FTP, name this playwright from Stockholm who wrote Miss Julie.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e53dac29af524a74b5825a5d89ee7db7",
            "input": "Its opening scene begins with an Allegro Giusto movement and shows the protagonist on the eve of his coming-of-age ceremony, celebrating with his friend Benno and his drunk tutor Wolfgang. To escape the Queen Mother's reminders of his eventual need to marry, the protagonist goes hunting in the forest and is discovered by the evil wizard Von Rothbart, who plots to have his daughter Odile seduce the hero and prevent him from breaking the curse placed upon Odette. Such is the story of Prince Sigfried, in, FTP, what Tchaikovsky ballet about a maiden who spends her days in the form of a white bird in the title pond",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90f3c37c357a43ffb35c318e1967f62d",
            "input": "His first election to parliament saw him replace John Martin, and a lack of response from a later prime minister led him to issue the \"vote-Tory\" manifesto. He successfully won a lawsuit against The Times concerning Richard Piggott, and was the main influence behind the \"No Rent\" manifesto which was abandoned in the 'Kilmainham treaty. ' Though popular as the first president of the Land League, forged letters surfaced claiming that this man had supported the Pheonix Park murders, and the IPP rejected his leadership after he was named in a divorce proceeding between William and Kitty O'Shea. FTP, name this chief advocate of Irish home rule during the 1880s.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e4886fd2dcb4c749c6515210ed8466e",
            "input": "Two years after its conclusion, forces of Father Kostadin Buvski and Leonid Vulgaris met at Gremen to decry it as ineffective. Romania was forced to exchange South Bessarabia to Russia for Dobruja, and the newly created Greater Bulgaria was further divided into North Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, and Macedonia. Its eventual mediator offered himself as an \"honest broker\" between nations represented by Alexander Karatheodori and Alexander Gorchakov, although all of the signers of the 1856 Treaty of Paris were present. FTP, name this meeting convened to rethink the Treaty of San Stefano, an 1878 conference chaired by Otto von Bismarck in the German capital.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7157cf997bdc4d30b6eed8fd54a6653f",
            "input": "This work features a 3/2 Vivace of its composer's earlier aria \"Sento la Gioia\" from the opera Amadigi, which provides the central melody for the celebrated \"Alla Hornpipe\" movement. The \"Bouree\" and \"Air\" movements of are found in the first section according to Samuel Arnold's authoritative edition of this work. Beginning with a French overture, it consists of three suites in F, D, and G major, while it is often paired with \"Music for Royal Fireworks\" in performance. For 10 points, name this series of pieces written to accompany the procession of the George I's royal barge on the River Thames by George Friedrich Handel.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3d87c265b4f4de9868d7eb141e1b2ad",
            "input": "The Choke Mountains are an important bird-watching area in this country, as is Lake Chew Bahir, which is located near its southern border. The Danakil desert is shared by this country and its northern neighbor and is home to the Afar people. Gonder is among its larger cities and is home to castles constructed by Iyasu II, and its city of Adama was once called Nazareth. This country's Lake Tana is the source of the Blue Nile, and it is involved in the dispute over the Ogaden region with its eastern neighbor Somalia. For 10 points, name this nation which neighbors Sudan and has capital Addis Ababa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b48dbae3c734a11b5ae3ced80b9b9bf",
            "input": "One coupling reaction links an aryl halide with an acetylide of this metal, while in another reaction it is used as a catalyst to link an alkyne and a bromoalkyne. In addition to the Castro-Stephens and the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling, alkenyl compounds of this element can be created via the Normant reaction. The iodide of this element is a catalyst in the (*) Gatterman-Koch reaction, and this element is present in the A solution of the Fehling test. Gilman reagents contain lithium and this other metal, while the 2+ ion of this element forms a bright blue solution. For 10 points, name this element, a metal used in electroplating and plumbing, with atomic number 29 and symbol Cu.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09cfb9228eba4136a17dcf157ec4a137",
            "input": "One example of this phenomenon is chiral autocatalysis from apparently racemic solutions, while in another context, this term applies to asynchronous protein cascades involved in coagulation. This concept was defined by Krasnoselski using the theory nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear operators, and the energy lost through this phenomenon is given by the Steinmetz equation. A model of this phenomenon based on monocrystals was devised by Weiss, while a model of it whose building blocks are relay nonlinearities is named after Preisach. A form of this phenomenon results in an example of self-organized criticality known as the Barkhausen effect, and the characteristic loop produced by this phenomenon appears on the graph of magnetization versus magnetic field strength. For ten points, identify this phenomenon in which a material exhibits a \"memory,\" or a time-lagging dependence on applied stress.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37d3e0648cbf4e199923ce1f5e36a27a",
            "input": "Anquetil Duperron's 1775 French and Latin translations of them brought them to the West. The last of them, the Muktika, consists primarily of the catalogue, making the Advaita canon self-referential. There are approximately ten \"principal\" ones, regarded as Sruti, or sacred texts, including the Isha, which describes the nature of the Supreme Being, and the Prashna, which describes six pupils asking their master Pippalada a question each about nature of the universe and of Hinduism. They would later be a major influence on Arthur Schopenhauer, who praised them greatly in his work The World as Will and Representation. For ten points, name these sacred Hindu texts, comprised of approximately 100 commentaries on the Vedas.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8d17fd6c7504d12a01da18489eec324",
            "input": "Though he persuaded Melancomas to abdicate, he neglected his city's public affairs, and his aristocratic air led the citizens to give him a name meaning \"he who rails at the people. \" He distrusted the senses because they fail to comprehend phenomena as universal harmony, but believed in the soul, which he thought was formed via condensation. After his death, his doctrine of \"becoming as actuality\" was spread by his chief exponent, Cratylus. Known for his belief that the world was derived from fire, FTP, name this philosopher who summed up his belief in flux by saying \"no man can step in the same river twice. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-157a9b07f56a4176bf41e6361b708c24",
            "input": "One character in this work claims that Napoleon appointed him as a page boy, and steals money from Ledediev to give to his mistress before having a crisis of conscience and putting it back. That character's son is friends with Ptitsyn, a money-lender who marries Varya Ivolgin. Burdovsky claims that he's the son of Pavlishchev, and demands inheritance money from the protagonist, who is forced to choose between the romantic Aglaya Yepanchin and the eccentric Nastassya Filippovna. Beginning with a trip to St. Petersburg in which the protagonist meets Parfyon Rogozhin, for ten points, name this novel about the epileptic Prince Myshkin, by Dostoyevsky.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce40065fe5654cec8b6193c07e6dd624",
            "input": "In one of this mans plays, the crippled Major Magnus Muldoon turns out to be his own half-brother Albert in disguise. Another of his plays features a singer-actress who retired after seeing TV reports of a moon landing. The title character is identified as the third-string critic Puckeridge after Moon joins the action onstage in this mans The Real Inspector Hound, and Inspector Bones reveals that he is a big fan of Dotty Moore in his play Jumpers. A teenage girl named Thomasina predicts the heat death of the universe in one of his plays, and the title characters of another of his plays watch a rehearsal of The Murder of Gonzago. FTP name this author of Arcadia and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-269a056522c34e50b9ffb920fc310cc0",
            "input": "This thinker called the gratification of emotions \"affectivity\" which he contrasted with \"neutrality\" in\\n his discussion of \"pattern variables.\" His students Wilbert Moore and Kingsley Davis expanded his\\n educational theories about people finding the appropriate job in society to create the theory of role\\n allocation. He outlined adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency as the four components of his\\n \"AGIL\" paradigm and his best-known work offers a \"voluntaristic\" methodology to define the \"unit act.\"\\n For 10 points, name this Harvard sociologist who pioneered his action theory in The Structure of Social\\n Action.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0018ae5ddb674cd1a8a0dbe2dc2ead1e",
            "input": "One member of this phylum, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is often used to study developmental processes, and another, Pisaster ochraceus, is an example of a keystone species. Most members of this phylum have pedicellariae that possess three jaws, and some have a chewing apparatus known as Aristotle's lantern. Members of class Asteroidea of this phylum have an ambulacral groove, and the madreporite is the entrance to their water vascular system that includes tube feet. FTP name this phylum whose \"spiny skinned\" members have radial symmetry and include sand dollars, sea urchins, and sea stars.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0ed3c6b820e44d5a97b849cffdd71c6",
            "input": "A composition by this composer subtitled \"a study for 23 strings\" quotes the funeral march from Beethoven's Eroica; that piece is Metamorphosen. The last movement of this composer's first tone poem quotes the popular tune \"Funiculi, funicula,\" and the score to another tone poem was published with a poem by Alexander Ritter. In addition to Aus Italien and Death and Transfiguration, he composed a \"Rondeau Form for Large Orchestra\" that depicts a character who mocks religion, flirts with women, and ends up on the scaffold. Another work opens with a brass fanfare depicting sunrise. For 10 points, identify this German composer of Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks and Also sprach Zarathustra.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce2c44ec1f9e41adb0cb79c015e16706",
            "input": "One work by this artist depicts the title Greek god sitting with buttocks submerged in a bucket and cloven feet sticking straight up in the air. The largest collection of this artist's works outside of his home country is in a museum in Philadelphia that re-opened in July of 2012. In one work by this artist of Bacchus in a Vat, a naked man sprawls back-to-back on the body of his naked lover, stretching his arms out to embrace her as she clutches her head. The six title men with nooses round their necks walk towards their execution in one of his sculptures. Fugit Amor is one of his many depictions of Paolo and Francesca, including the The Kiss, which feature as part of his largest work, which also includes a pensive man resting his chin on his fist. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Burghers of Calais, whose The Gates of Hell group contains his The Thinker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1741804fd98c4ed3bfefdc7622fcdefe",
            "input": "This function is approximated for large numbers by Stirling's approximation. The traveling salesman problem can be solved in Big O of this function. The pi function and gamma function extend this function to complex numbers. This function appears in the denominator of the Taylor series of polynomials, and this function is said to grow faster than all polynomial and exponential functions. Often used with combinations and permutations, for 10  points, name this mathematical function, defined as the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n, denoted by an exclamation point.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f16a88eb22834a53b7fb128878c81619",
            "input": "Members of this phylum possess gelatinous mesohyl regions through which food-collecting amoebocytes travel. Most are hermaphrodites, lack nerves and muscles, and were not regarded as animals until the eighteenth century. Water flows through the osculum in and out of the central cavity, called the spongocoel. FTP, identify this invertebrate phylum which includes the sponges.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5daecc70bc8b496590dcc913624f8241",
            "input": "At one point in this story, Mr. Cutlets asks the narrator if he is familiar with the forger Monroe Edwards, who bore a resemblance to the title character. The narrator recalls the Colt-Adams murder case shortly after realizing that the title character has not left accepted his payment learns that it is not impaired vision that prevents him from carrying out his duties. The title character of this story works with two men who swap productivity during the day because of dyspepsia and alcoholism. Despite the attempts of the jailer at the Tombs, this storys titular former employee of the Dead Letter office and co-worker of Nippers, Turkey, and Ginger Nut is found dead. For 10 points, name this Herman Melville short story whose title character is a copyist who often responds with I would prefer not to.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa26dfb8dfdd486ab9f4362bce4b8a7f",
            "input": "These entities are modeled by the three-dimensional AIM model, which is an arm of the \"activation-synthesis\" theory that describes their cause as random activations of cells. Many evolutionary biologists theorize that they aid in problem solving. An older theory suggested that these entities contain manifest and latent content and use (*) symbolic meaning as a means of censorship. For 10 points, name these phenomena which were analyzed in a Sigmund Freud book titled after their \"interpretation.\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-169ef3cb65a04cff83215c70ce28ec22",
            "input": "One god of these people created the moon by tossing his sister's head into the sky after defeating her and his 400 brothers. After being impregnated by a ball of feathers, another deity of these people gave birth to twins, one of whom fights Tezcatlipoca (tez-KAHT-lee-POH-kuh) and is depicted as a \"feathered serpent.\" For 10 points, name these Mesoamerican people who misidentified Hernan Cortes to be their god Quetzalcoatl (KET-zul-koh-AH-tul).",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-68af0f58ab2440c1b88bee9048b95984",
            "input": "In a material with this property, the remanence refers to its magnitude in the absence of a driving force, while coercivity measures how strong a field is needed to remove this property. Its lack of retraceability is noted by a hysteresis loop, and this phenomenon can be attributed to the unfilled energy levels in the 3d level of certain elements. The susceptibility of materials possessing this property can be determined by the Curie-Weiss law beyond a specific point. It is a result of permanent unpaired dipoles within domains that line up with an imposed magnetic field due to long range ordering. Once materials exhibiting this property surpass the Curie temperature, they tend to behave as paramagnets. FTP, name this form of magnetism common to particular metals, most notably observed in nickel, cobalt, and iron.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ff2b0f2ed4a4645a4e9ebffab959e8c",
            "input": "This man examined the development of consciousness in a 1978 Dialectica article titled Natural Selection and the Emergence of the Mind, while this man collaborated with Sir John Eccles on The Self and its Brain. Some of this mans notes were published in 1982 as The Open Universe. One work by this man proposes the rule that C.P. plus E.S. equals U.P. and divides its titular concept into naturalistic and anti-naturalistic versions. Another of this mans works contains a chapter titled The High Tide of Prophecy, which criticizes three 19th century thinkers. This man traces the lines of thought he criticizes to Heraclitus and Plato, whom this author of Objective Knowledge accuses of furthering the Myth of Origin and Destiny. For ten points, name this fan of falsifiability and critic of Fascism, a philosopher of science who wrote The Poverty of Historicism and The Open Society and its Enemies.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a39e3fd75d147799db809b8d6fc890c",
            "input": "A subgroup of this phylum is considered paraphyletic because of its non- parasitic nature; that subgroup is Turbellaria. Another species in this phylum grows large numbers of proglottids, which detach and release eggs. These organisms extract reusable material and send it into other cavities by using flame cells. This phylum is the cause of the second-most devastating parasitic disease, schistosomiasis. Because they lack an internal body cavity, they are classified as acoelomates. Name this phylum of flatworms which includes planaria and tapeworms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3891234fc57048968ee7eb87427bfa07",
            "input": "Lord Darcy was executed on suspicion of sympathizing with this movement, which was put down by Thomas Howard, the Duke of Norfolk. Starting in Louth, this uprising was led by (*) Robert Aske from Yorkshire, and it targeted not only religious change but also enclosure. For 10 points name this 1536 peasant action against England's Reformation, a challenge to the rule of Henry VIII.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc43f8897ff04f8281ec0fec56ad3afd",
            "input": "One leading political group in this country signaled its changing affinity for Communism by adding and then dropping the phrase party of labor from its name. Militant groups in this country were founded by Holden Roberto and Agostinho Neto in the 1950s, though the National Front for Liberation became less relevant by the 1990s, ceding the leftist position in national politics to the MPLA. Its civil war was briefly ended by a pact signed in another country, the Lusaka Accord, but clashes resumed and in 2002, government troops killed Jonas Savimbi, the leader of UNITA. A proxy war between Cuba and South Africa had previously raged in, for 10 points, what former Portuguese colony on Africas south Atlantic coast",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70da457baf6d4c8fb9e774eab3643720",
            "input": "This composer parodied Gounod's Air des Bijoux in a coloratura aria that requires the soprano to laugh hysterically while declaring, \"If I'm not pure, at least my jewels are!\" That aria, \"Glitter and Be Gay,\" is sung by Cunegonde in this man's opera Candide. In another of his compositions, a girl feels \"pretty and witty and gay\" in a bridal shop after being serenaded by Tony, who is delighted that he has \"just met a girl named Maria.\" For 10 points, identify this composer who depicted a conflict between the Jets and the Sharks in his musical West Side Story.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05a5c40fe49747c2b5ac3722a65cf078",
            "input": "One author from this country wrote a work in response to a 1968 massacre of student protesters   subtitled \"Critique of the Pyramid\". Another author from this country wrote a novel in which the  title character recalls his son, who was killed in the Spanish Civil War. That author from this country   wrote a work, featuring the fictional American Harriet Winslow, that was inspired by Ambrose  Bierce's mysterious death. Name this country whose works have included the novel The Death of  Artemio Cruz  by Carlos Fuentes and the essay The Labyrinth of Solitude  by Octavio Paz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-532abf26099846f08bb2c7053e644663",
            "input": "Its upper portion forms the top part of the greater curvature. The lesser curvature, which also begins at the cardiac orifice, is about four times shorter than the greater curvature, so it is described as J-shaped. Its volume increases when the rugae are stretched. Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption, and a chemical that activates the zymogen secreted by chief cells. Gelatinase, amylase lipase and pepsin participate in breaking down boli, producing chyme which passes through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum. FTP, name this organ that lies between the esophagus and small intestine.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f73e853d1e72480f828e2bdd96081184",
            "input": "The main character of this play denies eating macaroons in the first act. The card that the syphilitic Dr. Rank sends this work's protagonist is overshadowed by another letter, and Kristine Linde is a childhood friend of the protagonis.. The bank employee Krogstad tries to blackmail the protagonist of this work regarding her forging of a loan. This play ends with Torvald forgiving his wife and begging her to reconsider her decision to leave the family. For 10 points, name this play about Nora Helmer, a work by Henrik Ibsen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5fbb4f3169c7474f9b2d1dcbc10004bc",
            "input": "This event occurred once townspeople assembled at Joseph Sabin's tavern, after Captain Lindsey of the Hannah arrived at Namquid Point. Ephraim Bowen, the last survivor of it, wrote of the ordeal in 1839, naming a Mr. John Brown among those responsible. Restaurant owner Joseph Bucklin shot Captain William Dudingston and Abraham Whipple led a party of arsonists after being warned to stay away from a grounded schooner. FTP, name this incident in which Rhode Islanders burned a vessel sent to enforce the Stamp Act.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ff9006d1e61e49bd9bfe06d3f3c021f0",
            "input": "Cross linking in this protein occurs when two oxidized derivatives of lysine link up; the amount of cross linking that occurs in this protein increases with age. This protein contains three left handed helices which combine to form a triple helix. About one third of this protein is amino acid is glycine; this protein also consists of hydroxyproline. A lack of ascorbic acid causes an inability to synthesize hydroxyproline, causing a breakdown of this protein in the gums in a disease called scurvy. For 10 points, name this elastic protein found in connective tissue, skin and cartilage.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35b31c5f4ebb4244837f41de56bb757f",
            "input": "This work usually has appended to it a similar work about Do-Well, Do-Better, and Do-Best, and its three texts are known as A, B, and C, the last of which contains a number of autobiographical passages. Prior to the introduction of the title character, the narrator follows a noble to Westminster, where she agrees to marry a knight after an attempt at incestuous marriage is broken up; thus is the story of Lady Fee, the daughter of Falsehood, who tries to marry both Fraud and Conscience. The narrator of this poem is drawn to the title character, who sets the world to work, through the advice of Holy Church after he falls asleep in the Malvern Hills. FTP, name this alliterative allegorical work by William Langland about a tiller of the soil.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c0e0cbe5f984059aa52c775bb78df10",
            "input": "One provision of this agreement allowed for Lithuania to annex Memmel, and another gave Rwanda and Burundi to Belgium. This treaty limited one signatory's army to 15,000 men, and China rejected it because it did not receive(*) Shandong. Vittorio Orlando was not able obtain Fiume, causing resentment in Italy. The terms of this treaty were resisted by a coalition led by Henry Cabot Lodge, leading to its rejection in the United States. For 10 points, identify this treaty in which Georges Clemenceau forced war guilt and unreasonable reparations on Germany, that ended World War I.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-559051e9bfc54472afd87ca42276c05a",
            "input": "One politician from this nation accused President Kuchma of suppressing criticism by ordering the kidnapping of dissident journalists, thus triggering the Cassette Scandal. The Primary Chronicle recorded the history of a kingdom centered in this nation where the Khmelnytsky Rebellion occurred. A Hetmanate formed here was split among several nations, and one king from here promulgated the Rus Pravda legal code. In this country once ruled by Yaroslav the Wise, the Orange Revolution took place following the 2004 elections. For 10 points, identify this nation controlled at different times by the Cossacks and Kievan Rus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a227d5b622f444c9a4c78a5412099766",
            "input": "Judy Oppenheimer's autobiography of her is entitled Private Demons, and she wrote about the schizophrenic Natalie Waite in Hangsaman. This author created a kindergarten student who tells her parents of an imaginary student, as well as a man who introduces Mildred Kent to Arthur Adams and gives them money to spend doing whatever they want. Dr. Montague conducts paranormal research in the title locale in The Haunting of Hill House, and in story, Mr. Summers keeps a black box for the title event. FTP, identify the author of the dark short story The Lottery.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e31c933f065449b8067baae9da7cf58",
            "input": "One man who was killed under this policy had his writings collected by Aelred Stubbs as I Write What I Like and was the subject of a book by Daily Dispatch editor Donald Woods. Ben Du Toit comes to oppose this policy after the janitor Gordon and his wife Emily are killed in the novel A Dry White Season. A policeman violates the Immorality Law, part of this policy, by dating Stephanie in a novel named for a bird found in a guidebook given to (*) Pieter van Vlaanderen by his father. This policy, which provides the backdrop of Too Late the Phalarope, is violently overthrown in a novel in which the Smales family flees to their servant July's village. For 10 points, Andre Brink, Nadine Gordimer, and Alan Paton wrote about what former system of government-imposed segregation in South Africa",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aeb854d7b1c84a0490f17824b343a4e0",
            "input": "Birefringence results from these entities in the Voigt effect, while light is polarized with a rotation linearly dependent one of their components in the Faraday effect. The force exerted by them is proportional to the cross product of these entities with the velocity of a nearby charged particle, and they are expulsed by superconductors in a phenomenon discovered by Meissner. One differential equation stating that they have a divergence equal to zero, named after Gauss, is the second of Maxwell's equations. Their strength is measured in teslas and they are denoted by the letter B. For 10 points, name these entities that often surround a material that has north and south poles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a05f0b65b224e78b6bac954bd5d1744",
            "input": "One work by this thinker asserts that physical and mental facts are independent, and it supports the title concepts with \"truisms\" like \"my body existed yesterday\". This thinker argued that blue are not equal to the sensations of objects in an that refuted both Descartes and McTaggart. In another work, this philosopher posited that good is a \"simple concept\" with an \"opened ended\" definition that cannot be determined through the naturalistic fallacy. For 10 points, name this English analytic philosopher who wrote \"A Defence of Common Sense\", \"The Refutation of Idealism\" and Principia Ethica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21f7c9bb1f364f15ad6b26117fcc9a2f",
            "input": "A D minor work by this composer sees the adagio F sharp minor second movement's transition to the the alla breve finale orchestrated attacca, or without pause, which followed a similar C minor piece, which sees an E flat major theme supplant the half step-filled piano arpeggios. A four-note \"signature\" ends both those piano concertos by this man, whose first opera sees the title character marry and then murder the gypsy Zemfira. This composer of Aleko collected Thirteen (*) Preludes, Ten Preludes, and Prelude in C-Sharp Minor into a group covering all twenty-four musical keys. This creator of the formidable Etudes Tableaux used 5/8 time to suggest the act of rowing in a piece inspired by a Bocklin painting, his Isle of the Dead. His characteristic widely-spaced chords are evident in his setting of Poe's The Bells, while his most famous work consists of mostly A minor variations on another man's Caprice No. 24. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Rhapsody on a Theme from Paganini..",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7636d299b95413fb893214f7cc8f1b1",
            "input": "His commands included victory at the Battle of Ridgefield and delaying a British drive to New York City at Lake Champlain. In addition, he fought heroically at Bemis Heights and the siege of Quebec, where he was badly wounded. On his return to duty he was appointed commander of Philadelphia, where he squandered money on an extravagant social life. Combined with a lack of recognition for his tactics at Saratoga, his monetary situation brought him to the attention of Major John Andre. FTP, name this American general who planned to turn West Point over to the British.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5ef399e18ed474880c3f0b790cf2ee4",
            "input": "One character in this opera sings the aria \"Di rigori armato il seno\", but is interrupted by a character enraged by the talk of an attorney. In the second act, one character is duped with the help of Annina and Valzacchi in an inn. The arrival of the Commissary of Police adds to the confusion, and Herr von Faninal eventually breaks his daughter's engagement to the Baron Ochs von Lerchenau. After that engagement is broken, the Marschallin sets up the title character with Sophie despite their earlier relationship. For 10 points, name this Richard Strauss opera in which the Marschallin had earlier made Octavian the title character by having him deliver the title silver flower.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-838f09f656c64d769c4eb9afe49a05fe",
            "input": "The 6/8 last movement of a work by this composer begins with a C-major scale in parallel, first- inversion triads in the right hand, and its first movement begins with the right hand playing a difficult trill figure in thirds. The first movement of a C-minor piano work by this composer has a hand-crossing- filled second theme that starts in E-flat minor, after a first theme that is mostly accompanied by left-hand octave tremolos. The first movement of that piano sonata by this composer alternates between Allegro con brio and dramatic Grave [\"GRAH-vay\"] sections full of big chords in dotted rhythms. He published his first three piano sonatas, in F minor, A major, and C major, as his Opus 2. His drone-filled D-major 15th piano sonata is nicknamed \"Pastorale,\" and he labelled his Opus 27 piano sonatas \"quasi una fantasia.\" For 10 points, name this composer whose Piano Sonatas Nos. and 14 are nicknamed \"Pathetique\" and \"Moonlight.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd34efcd95ca4f51aa1fcf58242141c9",
            "input": "They are not diodes, but the light emitting type of these devices produce electro-luminescent light. A dynamic RAM stores data on these devices and a Marx generator consists of several of them. A net torque was not observed on a suspended one of these devices in the Trouton-Nobel experiment. A method for keeping the power smooth involves adding the decoupling type of this device, and the smoothing out of voltage pulses produced by a rectifier is performed by the reservoir type. They consist of two conductors with opposite signs separated from each other by a dielectric, such as glass or mica, and an example of one is the Leyden jar. FTP name these circuit elements used to store electric charge, and whose characteristic property is measured in farads.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-97ec50bbc8f844cf89e0e44b1b43bd08",
            "input": "Another painting with the same name was painted nearly a hundred years after the event by Alonzo Chappel. A tower stands against the horizon in the upper left corner, while the upper right is dominated by dark clouds. A man in blue and two men in red lean over the title character, whose (*) musket lies on the ground in front of him. Looking at him from the left side are a shirtless Native American and the green-clad Simon Fraser. These men and others surround the title character, who met his end at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. For 10 points, name this painting depicting the last moments of the titular British Army officer, painted by Benjamin West.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-562ed0d61b674903a69c4a6c804342c6",
            "input": "His early works included self portraits such as The Wounded Man, The Cellist, and The Man with a Pipe. His works concerning dormancy include The Sleeping Spinner and an erotic work featuring two females entitled The Sleepers. One of his best-known works, which depicts a young and old man performing the titular backbreaking action, was destroyed during the bombing of Dresden, and another depicts the internment of a peasant in the presence of two clergy wearing red. FTP, name this French painter of The Stone-breaker and The Burial at Organs.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f89c91f908ae4514ae4571b1a8e65d77",
            "input": "In Walter de la Mare's short story A Revenant, a professor who considers Poe's poetry \"flawless mastery of method\" sees this \"curiously detached\" painting flashing through his head. The title figure of this painting looks to the canvas's left and wears a wide-brimmed black hat, and an enormous tome by Andreas Vesalius is open at the lower right. Aris Knidt is the focal point of this painting, and he lies in its center as seven bearded gentlemen in black with poofy white collars look on. Knidt had earlier been hanged for armed robbery. FTP, name this portrait by Rembrandt, commissioned by the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons, that shows the titular physician dissecting a cadaver's hand.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b5a35c58f454df2ad99401eaa15ba33",
            "input": "Charles Pedersen shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery, in which his strategy for their synthesis was to link catechols via hydroxyl groups. The 18-6 type is notably toxic to humans and exemplifies how these compounds are capable of coordinating with a wide variety of alkali metal cations. They are always composed of a number of ethyleneoxy units linked together in a ring, and rings featuring internal oxygens characterize them. For ten points, name these compounds, named for their resemblance to royal headgear.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fba5a17186734392a212f028e73c8145",
            "input": "This equation's accuracy can be improved if used in conjunction with Lorentz-Hudson-McCoubrey combining rules for modeling interactions between unlike molecules. The trace of fluid-solid coexistence curves can be performed by utilizing Kofke's method for this equation's associated integration. This relation can serve as a test for consistency for the Hubbard approximation if the external magnetic field and chemical potential are chosen as its two intensive parameters. The Lewis-Randall rule relates this equation to Henry's Law, and the Clausius-Claperyon equation can be derived from this relation assuming the two phases are in equilibrium. For 10 points, name this doubly eponymous equation that determines the relationship between changes in chemical potential for components in a system, named after a French energeticist and a Yale physicist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-621104fa140a42099fa2fabe8859e331",
            "input": "The first recorded solo by this musician can be heard on We Love to Boogie, and the inspiration of Johnny Hodges and Lester Young can be heard in his phrasing and portamento. On Harmonique he utilized the technique of multiphonics he learned from Theolonius Monk, and in 1958 he rejoined the Miles Davis quintet, contributing to Milestones and Kind of Blue. The creator of the improvisation technique known as sheets of sound, FTP, identify this jazz saxophonist and bandleader.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f274ff630e3345e59ecf31bae96c3f66",
            "input": "One of his works was dedicated to Edward Clarke, while he he left unfinished his Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul. He observed that children \"love to be treated as Rational Creatures\" in one work, and argued that atheists cannot be trusted in another work addressed to \"Honoured Sir. \" He wrote Some Thoughts Concerning Education and A Letter Concerning Toleration, but is better-known for a work distinguishing between primary and secondary qualities, and arguing that the mind is like a \"tabula rasa. \" FTP, identify this English empiricist who authored Two Treatises Concerning Government and Essay Concerning Human Understanding.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bd301adbd7094c08bab2226a8c45174a",
            "input": "One of this man's stories is narrated by an ape who learns to be human so he can escape captivity, while another details a torture machine that inscribes its sentence on the victim's skin. In addition to \"A Report To An Academy\" and \"In The Penal Colony,\" he wrote a novel where \"someone must have been telling lies about Joseph K,\" The Trial. For 10 points, name this Czech author who depicted Gregor Samsa's transformation into a giant insect in The Metamorphosis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ff10690e58a541b1a0847f681718b3b1",
            "input": "This property is measured by the Jones vector, and is said to be elliptical if the Jones vector contains a non-real entry. The circular form may be created by shining light perpendicularly onto a doubly refractive quarter-wave plate, while the linear form results when light is shone off a plane surface at the Brewster angle. According to the Faraday effect, an external magnetic field alters, FTP, what property of light waves in which the electric field points in a specified direction, which was exploited in cameras made by Edwin Land",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c371dc569874a8292db1f5d2ed66ff9",
            "input": "In 2010, this country opened the Monument of African Renaissance, which was built by North Korean\\n laborers and which this country's president claimed a thirty-five percent commission on because it was his\\n idea. With its smaller neighbor, this country is the site of over 1,000 stone circles used to mark burial\\n mounds. Locations in this country that played an important role in the slave trade include Saint-Louis and\\n the site of the Maison des Esclaves, the island of Goree. The Gambia is almost entirely surrounded by this\\n country. For 10 points, name this country, home to the westernmost point in Africa and the city of Dakar.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6656f8b34bfa48008f82a460eb8d048f",
            "input": "This man discussed phrases which describe objects we are not acquainted with in his essay On Denoting. He argued that objects are inferred by logical constructs that are formed from quanta of sensation in his 1918 lectures on Logical Atomism. This author of Why I am not a Christian found a paradox in Freges theory, wherein a set cannot be a member of a set of all sets that are not members of themselves. For 10 points, identify this philosopher who collaborated with Whitehead on the Principia Mathematica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93cec44c6aed4a499f546d08a37255c1",
            "input": "Eve-de Castro-Robinson created a companionship piece for this suite after being commissioned by the New Zealand government to honor Matariki. A women's chorus is utilized in a room offstage, and the slow closing of the door creates the ending effect for the suite. The seventh movement entitled \"The Mystic\" was the first piece of orchestral music to properly use the fade out technique. The first movement in this piece begins with strings playing col legno, is in 5/4 time, and depicts the \"Bringer of War.\" For 10 points, name this orchestral suite which includes movements entitled \"Neptune\" and \"Mars,\" a piece by Gustav Holst.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a75e6f6051b4f06973d79d1f2e62909",
            "input": "The commander of the losing force at this battle advanced from Melanthias following the orders of a man named Sebastian, while the Sarmatian commander Victor argued against any action. According to historian Charles Oman, this battle cemented the strength of the cavalry formation and changed the style of warfare for the Roman army, and in this battle a legion of scutarii was commanded by Bacurius the Iberian. This battle was preceded by the Battle of the Willows, and the winning commander at this battle was aided by the generals Alatheus and Saphrax. Taking place after a certain tribe crossed the Danube and won by the commander Fritigern, this battle left Gratian and Valentinian II in charge of the empire. For 10 points, identify this disastrous defeat of the Roman army which saw the death of the emperor Valens, a victory for the Goths in 378 A.D.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ea92faef18f4e9e876cbfa6781857da",
            "input": "This molecule has uniform bond lengths of 140 picometers. A strong Lewis acid catalyst can be used to alkylate or acylate this molecule. Alternating carbon-carbon single and double bonds characterize this molecule's two resonance structures, which represent its six delocalized pi electrons. Huckel's rule describes this molecule's structure, which was first discovered by August Kekul. Adding an -OH group to this molecule produces phenol, while adding a CH3 group to it makes toluene. For 10 points, name this aromatic compound with formula C6H6.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9cd2263e5db54d16bc04950a17c010fa",
            "input": "He was the architect of the Pact of Espino Negro which ended the civil war between Diaz and Moncada in Guatemala and soon after was appointed governor-general of the Philippines, a post he held until 1929. He authored \"The Decision to use the Atomic Bomb,\" the first written defense of that action. Much earlier he had headed the U.S. delegations to the Geneva Disarmament Conference and the London Naval Conference and, in opposition to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, put forth his namesake doctrine. FTP identify this secretary of state for Hoover and secretary of war for FDR and Truman.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5cd64c69266340e9bef74a732eb9b927",
            "input": "In this novel, one source of religious authority is the towns vicar Parson Irwine, who cares for his invalid sister Anne. The title character is loved by Mary Burge, the daughter of his employer, and studies with a schoolmaster named Bartle Massey. Set in the town of Hayslope at the end of the 18th century, it features a Methodist preacher named Dinah Morris who eventually marries the title character after the woman he loves is sentenced to death for murdering her illegitimate child. FTP, name this work which features Arthur Donnithorne and Hetty Sorrel, the first novel written by George Eliot, whose title character is an upstanding carpenter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab3dce33378846af8ce7df7efe390f19",
            "input": "The author of the folk history Twelve Million Black Voices and the essay \"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow\", his is considered to have written the first American existential novel with The Outsider, written after he moved to Paris. He first came to public attention with stories like \"Big Boy Leaves Home\" and \"Long Black Song\", collected in the volume  Uncle Tom's Children. American Hunger served as the sequel to his autobiographical Black Boy. For ten points, name this American author best known for the novel Native Son.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10cf972309a4428e978748a642529570",
            "input": "Prior to this battle, the victorious commander landed his troops in Milford Haven. In the lead-up to this battle, John Howard, the Duke of Norfolk, was killed in nearby fighting, and this battle was followed two years later by the Battle of Stoke Field. The winner here later had to deal with uprisings led by the supposed Earl of Warwick and (*) Perkin Warbeck. The losing monarch of this battle fought near Ambion Hill is often accused of having murdered the Princes in the Tower, and that monarch was famously unhorsed during this engagement. A 1485 victory for the House of Lancaster, for 10 points, name this victory for Henry VII over Richard III in the Wars of the Roses.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-48d21d78dbb24c5690bb213e881c9559",
            "input": "In one story by this author, the ex-Marine Harold Krebs tells his mother that he cannot love anymore after experiencing World War I. In addition to \"\"Soldier's Home,\"\" this man wrote a story in which the title character's wife Margot spends the night with Robert Wilson after her husband ran from a lion. Margot ultimately shoots and kills her husband in that story by this author, \"\"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber. \"\" For 10 points, name this man who wrote a book about Santiago's attempt to catch a marlin, The Old Man and the Sea.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94c5338ebcec4a568482ad8b9c772613",
            "input": "artist depicted two fat women playing blackjack in Rose and Amelia, while a tree is placed between two lovers in his painting Eye in Eye. A small baby appears in the corner of one of his depictions of a naked woman with a halo, while another of his paintings sees a naked girl cast an eerie shadow while sitting on a bed. Among this artist's self portraits are one \"during the Spanish flu,\" one \"between clock and bed,\" and another \"with a burning (*) cigarette. \" In addition to Madonna and Puberty, he also painted a woman with red hair who appears to be either kissing or biting a man's neck in his Vampire. His painting Anxiety, which is part of this artist's series The Frieze of Life, has the same setting of his most famous painting, in which two dark figures and a man grasping his face stand on a bridge. For 10 points, name this Norwegian Expressionist painter of The Scream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed216f6f863d4f339d36fa127e9f2c5f",
            "input": "A bassoon announces the main theme in the first movement of a concerto by this composer, which opens with fanfare from the timpani and cymbals. That work by this composer features a third movement which was called an \"orgy of sound\" and recalls the first movement grandioso. Walter Damrosch frequently conducted premieres for this composer, who called for instruments such as the guira to (*) \"take center stage\" at the end of one of his overtures. This composer used a Charleston theme in his Concerto in F and used taxi horns in An American in Paris. For 10 points, name this composer who used a clarinet glissando to open Rhapsody in Blue.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5c0b2b9317b40ea92452ce94681c5cb",
            "input": "Numerous bees, symbols of the Barberini family, adorn the four columns of this man's colossal work marking the supposed burial place of St. Peter, his Baldecchino. His mastery of marble sculpture exemplified by his sculptures The Rape of Proserpina and Apollo and Daphne, while another of his outdoor works surrounds an Egyptian obelisk and depicts personifications of the Nile, Ganges, Danube, and Rio de la Plata. For 10 points, name this Baroque sculptor known best for his Ecstasy of St. Teresa.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f4552df028e48b4be5e78d04bb98e38",
            "input": "The aria \"\"Vedrommi Intorno\"\" is sung by the titular King of Crete in this man's opera Idomeneo. Another of his operas contains the aria \"Ho capito, signor, si\" and contains the character Leporello, the servant of a character who kills Donna Anna's father and is dragged to hell at the end of the opera. This man composed \"\"The Queen of the Night Aria\"\" for a well-known piece, and in yet another opera with music composed by him, Ferrando and Guglielmo try to seduce each other's wives; that opera is Cosi fan tutte (\"\"TWO\"\"-tee). For 10 points name this Austrian composer of the operas Don Giovanni and The Magic Flute.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7797b3fdf9c48249ca2385c39502fc9",
            "input": "A poet who wrote exclusively about the inhabitants of a northwestern city of this country did so in such volumes as Difficult Situations and For the Shortcut. In the nineteenth century, a Jewish author from this country described Efrain's heartbreak after returning home from medical school in London to see his cousin in the romance Maria. One author from this country wrote a \"gothic tale from the hot lands\" before a series including Snow of the Admiral and The Tramp Stamer's Last Port of Call featuring the recurring character of (*) Maqroll the Lookout. This home country of Luis Carlos Lopez, Jorge Isaacs, and Alvaro Mutis is also home to an author who wrote a novel where everyone is ordered to wake up at three in the morning in order to distract a politician from the beautiful Manuela Sanchez, and a man who may be 232 years old is eaten by vultures. For 10 points, name this country where novels such as The Autumn of the Patriarch and Love in the Time of Cholera were written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e072e185892e4eb78f7afa8b508cc614",
            "input": "Metals exposed to them induce the creation of Landau levels, allowing the mapping of Fermi surfaces through the De Haas-van Alphen effect. In some elements, such as bismuth, their presence gives rise to forces that attempt to counter or expel them, the most famous example of which is seen in semiconductors via the Meissner effect. They fall off as the inverse of the distance around a current carrying wire, and can be represented by continuous lines that emerge from north-seeking poles and enter south-seeking poles. FTP, what are these regions in which the namesake force is observable",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4912598a89834ccfa95214220861f64d",
            "input": "Many of the title roles of this composer's operas were created by the soprano Hortense Schneider. The traveler Baron Gondremarck attempts to arrange a liaison with Metella in this man's first opera with a contemporary setting, La vie parisienne. His final opera is divided into three acts named \"Olympia\", \"Antonia\", and \"Giulietta\", the last of which opens with \"Belle nuit, o nuit d'amour\", a famous (*) barcarolle. The character of Public Opinion introduces his most famous operetta, a Christoph Willibald Gluck parody which closes with the \"Galop Infernal\", whose tune became closely associated with the can-can. For 10 points, name this French composer of the operas Tales of Hoffman and Orpheus in the Underworld.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-60bc4bfa97dc43799087cdc5c0e2f3c8",
            "input": "One of these organisms, Tesnusocaris goldichi, possessed uniramous instead of biramous appendages. One structure that characterizes this phylum undergoes apolysis and ecdysis and is composed of proteins like resilin or sclerotin interwoven with fibrous alpha-chitin. That structure, often mineralized with calcium carbonate, is a cuticle. Animals in this phylum uptake waste from their hemolymph using Malpighian tubules and also possess open circulatory systems and jointed legs. For 10 points, name this phylum of segmented invertebrates protected by exoskeletons, which includes crustaceans, arachnids and insects.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2160263d644c48d793c555ead04d9951",
            "input": "This artist used a series of loosely painted horizontal lines to create the title landscape in his View from the Dunes with Beach and Piers, and the branches at the top of the title object are very dark blue in his Evening: Red Tree. Two women face up with their eyes closed while another looks straight ahead in one work, which features those purple-blue two women with red shapes and yellow Stars of David, respectively, next to their ears, a triptych known as Evolution. This painter made two Cubist-influenced Still Lifes with Gingerpot, and a more characteristic style can be seen in black-and-white works such as Pier and Ocean, created using plusses and minuses. Rhythm of Black Lines exemplifies his use of orthogonal black lines, which permeate his series of Compositions. This artist created a painting featuring blue and red squares within yellow lines representing the title New York City thoroughfare. For 10 points, name this De Stijl artist who painted Broadway Boogie Woogie.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb83d700eed74a73982d29d295009d22",
            "input": "substance is subjected to the chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand tests, and measurements of its quality include TSS and TDS. One property of this substance can be tested for by a circular disk divided into black-and-white quarter-segments and mounted on a pole, a device called a Secchi Disk. Thermal differences in this material can result in different concentrations of carbon dioxide in different layers of it, which can cause a CO2 eruption to occur. Darcy's law can be used to describe the movement of this substance when it is found in rock. For 10 points, name this substance found in aquifers, lakes, and rivers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8490deb58dd4799b48c5e3b99a6eb9c",
            "input": "A dove stands on a shelf behind a bull in panic in this painting. In the bottom left of this painting, a hand holds a broken sword, from which a flower grows. Above the sword, a lamp is a held by a horrified face that looks in through a window. A horse that has a dagger for a tongue and a skull in its head is gored by the bull. Above all this, a light bulb blazes in the shape of an evil eye. Depicting the bombing of the eponymous Basque town by the Luftwaffe, for 10 points, name this mural by Pablo Picasso.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c762e5b3f5ea484e8da8958ba88c3faf",
            "input": "When the invading fleet appeared in the Bay of Phalerum before this battle, they were sent a false message by a spy which led them to blockade the Bay of Eleusis with a thin line of 1,000 ships. The Greek fleet of 370 vessels attacked and broke the line, resulting in the loss of 500 Persians ships, while the Greeks under Themistocles only lost 40 ships. FTP, name this major 480 BC naval battle in a strait southwest of Athen.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ddeabb80d83d45f5b5a0a7f326a3bd46",
            "input": "One of this author's novels centers on a paladin of Charlemagne called Agilulf. Biagio narrates another one of his novels, in which Viola embarks on a love affair with Cosimo Piovasco after he flees into the forest. This author of The Nonexistent Knight and The Baron in the Trees wrote about the orphan Pin in The Path to the Nest of Spiders. Marco Polo silently describes 55 imaginary locales to Kublai Khan in this writer's Invisible Cities. Ermes Marana deliberately threads together partial translations of novels, much to the frustration of two readers of one of his novels, Ludmilla and you. For 10 points, name this Italian author of If on a winter's night a traveler.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f765751ef2043cf9925038260874386",
            "input": "Indian Notebooks records his efforts at helping the Seneca fight off the encroaching Ogden Land Company earning this social scientist the nickname \"one bridging the gap. \" By comparing the organizational structures of Native American to those of the Greeks and Romans he helped to connect cultures in an evolutionary schema. This process was explained in his 1877 work subtitled Researches in the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization, he also stressed the importance of terms ile \"consanguinity\" and \"kinship. \" FTP identify this early ethnologist best known for Ancient Society.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fbd71ff8424f4b36b2a63911aad0b3f4",
            "input": "One of this composer's works opens with the sacrifice of a \"milk-white steed\" to Woden, and later Cupid sings \"In spite of cold weather, I've brought you together\" as part of a play-within-a-play. That occurs in this composer's collaboration with John Dryden, who wrote the libretto to that semi-opera, King Arthur. This composer also collaborated with Nahum Tate on a full opera in which an evil sorceress, observing the title characters' love, resolves that she can destroy the kingdom by inducing one of them to believe he has a city to found elsewhere. The witch correctly predicts that the abandoned lover will die of grief, which she does after singing the aria \"When I am laid in Earth.\" For ten points, name this English composer, creator of Abdelazer and Dido and Aeneas.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f10e988803204c0bb61c622f7ce568cc",
            "input": "In 1958 March and Simon formulated this law of Planning. A 1986 article by Rolnick and Weber gave empirical evidence that seemed to contradict this law. Akerlofs The Market for Lemons gives an incomplete analogy of this law to the market for automobiles. H.D. Macleod suggested that this law be named for a man who had noted the adverse effect of the Great Debasements. This law has its effect when two or more types of currency are in circulation in the same area and the value of one fluctuates, leading to hoarding of the stable currency. FTP name this economic law which, in simplest terms, states that bad money drives out the good.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d42d7de99b7144a784ca2af86fe8b45d",
            "input": "This thinker introduced his concept of \"the doctrine of the mean\" as a balance between excess and deficiency, the ideal expression of virtue. In addition to that work named after his son, he described his impetus theory of motion in his Physics. In Politics, he claimed that the title entity is dynamic and comes before family and the individual. He stated that the objective of tragedy is to invoke catharsis in Poetics. For 10 points, name this Greek Peripatetic philosopher who wrote The Nicomachean Ethics and was taught by Plato.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0b1dcc9e79a4efeb8088f4a76100371",
            "input": "This man's suite of music written to honor an Austrian composer was adapted into the ballet \\nMozartiana by George Balanchine. This composer is said to have been annoyed when Alexander III called\\n one of his ballets \"very nice.\" That ballet contains the \"Garland Waltz\" and the \"Procession of the Fairy\\n Tales,\" and features leitmotifs representing Carabosse and the Lilac Fairy. In addition to The Sleeping\\n Beauty, he composed a ballet in which Odette is transformed into a bird by the curse of Rothbart, as well as\\n one which includes the \"Dance of the Mirlitons\" and the \"Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy.\" For 10 points,\\n name this composer of the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-12803fafaee9416d93ec5d14b8c72a70",
            "input": "Gyro-resonant wave particle interactions that occur in these regions can accelerate electrons to ultrarelativistic energies and temporary artificial ones composed of electrons produced from the decay of fission fragments were created by the Argus and Starfish Prime nuclear tests. Contained within the Chapman-Ferraro cavity, one of these entities imparts high energy proton and electrons to the South Atlantic Anomaly. They are primarily generated through neutron albedo and are composed of an inner zone containing protons and an outer plasma zone which generates a ring current responsible for magnetic storms. For 10 points, what are these regions of geomagnetically trapped particles first discovered by Geiger counters on Explorer 1 and 3.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd797ecb8860462aad18d0478ff49bb2",
            "input": "He was a childhood friend of Jan Brueghel the Younger, with whom he set up a workshop. His later apprenticeship to Rubens is evident in his Samson and Delilah, though he is better known for his portraits. He painted various Genoese nobility, and his connection to the Brueghels is seen by his well-known etching of Pieter the Younger. Many of his subjects were English as he initially worked for James I, and he is best known for his paintings of Henrietta Maria and her husband. This 17th century Flemish artist and printer of the Iconography series is, for 10 points, which court painter of Charles I",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d02b2f974924fef9fcaffc986c7ffa0",
            "input": "The Bekenstein formula gives the entropy associated with one of these objects, whose thermodynamic processes inspired t'Hooft and Susskind to devise the holographic principle. Kruskal coordinates can be used to bridge the boundary associated with one type of these objects, and the inability to see the inside of one is known as the cosmic censorship hypothesis. These objects can only contain mass, angular momentum, and charge according to the no-hair theorem. Energy can be extracted from a rotating one via the Penrose process, and these objects can be described by the Reissner-Nordstrom or Kerr metrics, as well as the Schwarzchild metric. Surrounded by a boundary from beyond which an outside observer can receive no information, for ten points, identify these objects which may emit Hawking radiation and are believed to contain singularities formed from the collapse of a whole bunch of mass.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fba13022ce3a4fa2b08f501ef2c90eec",
            "input": "It lies within a saddle-like depression of the sphenoid bone known as the sella turcica. One of its regions develops from Rathkes pouch while another arises from neuroectoderm of the diencephalon. That region contains neurosecretroy neurons with cells bodies located in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of a superior structure. Cortiotropes and gonadotropes can be found within its pars distalis while its secretions include ACTH, somatotropin, FSH, and LH. Composed of the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis, for 10 points, name this structure located below the hypothalamus that is divided into an anterior and posterior lobe.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98ba42d7989243cd848a530db293fe4b",
            "input": "One poet wrote that if he should die in this conflict, \"think only that there's some corner of a foreign field that is forever England.\" Another poet wrote about the blood \"gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs\" of a victim of this conflict. Another poet described soldiers in this conflict as \"bent double, like old beggars under sacks\" and warned civilians not to repeat \"the Old Lie.\" Poets who wrote about this war include (*) Siegfried Sassoon and Rupert Brooke. For 10 points, name this conflict depicted in Wilfred Owen's \"Dulce et Decorum Est.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0884b4af543840a28f219612762b91c8",
            "input": "Liberal presidents like Ismael Montes controlled this country during its switch to a tin-exporting economy, while its current president once demonstrated the difference between cocaine and its signature crop of coca by holding up a coca leaf at the U.N. That current head of state is a member of the Movimiento al Socialismo Party. In this country, while planning a coup against its liberal president Rene Barrientos, (*) Che Guevara was executed. This country lost the copper-rich territory of Antofagasta after its defeat in a war sometimes called the Saltpeter War. This nation was defeated by Paraguay in a conflict over the supposedly oil-rich Gran Chaco, and it lost its coastline in the War of the Pacific. For 10 points, name this landlocked Latin American country currently ruled by Evo Morales.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9573a14334654dcc849de1591c0bce91",
            "input": "The highest waterfall in this political unit is called the Devil's Appendix and is located on the side of\\n Cwm (k-OOM) Idwal. An grove of Yew trees at Overton may be the oldest in this place, where a causeway\\n known as \"\"the cob\"\" connects the town of Holyhead to Anglesey. A Beaker people site at Llethryd Tooth\\n Cave is located on this component country's Gower Peninsula, which also includes an unusual rock\\n formation called the Hog's Head. People in this region hold spoken word festivals called eisteddfodau, and\\n it includes the Wye River valley as well as a large earthern wall separating it from its eastern neighbor,\\n Offa's Dyke. For 10 points, identify this component country of the United Kingdom represented on its\\n official flag by a dragon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-168b1207e94640459f59a77b2fc1b862",
            "input": "His lesser victories included Lyginus where he defeated the Triballi and the Jaxartes where he defeated the Scythians. Among his less honorable acts were the destruction of Thebes and the slaying, in a fit of anger, of Cleitus the Black who saved his life at the Granicus. The commander of the companion cavalry at Chaeronea, his major victories came at the Hydaspes - against Porus - and Issus and Guagamela against Darius III. After his death, his generals Antigonus, Ptolemy, and Seleucus divided up his kingdom. FTP, name this Macedonian prince who conquered much of the known world before dying in his 30s.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8e38b1151984cabaa88e1e9a6c1fcdb",
            "input": "This man lost his Senate seat after his Seventh of March speech. His Plymouth Oration argued against the slave trade, and his Oration at Bunker Hill promoted Greek independence. This man tried to restrict Western land sales in his debates with a South Carolina Senator, Robert Hayne. He negotiated a treaty with Alexander Baring that ended the Aroostook War and set the northern boundary of Maine. This man supported the Compromise of 1850 and argued for Dartmouth College in 1816, winning against Woodward. For 10 points, name this cosigner of a treaty with the Duke of Ashburton, a Massachusetts Senator and colleague of John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fda50a06689a4a90ae1f765e22565a72",
            "input": "Alfven Waves occur in these substances, and the Langmuir Probe is used to measure them. The quark-gluon type of these may have been created at Brookhaven RHIC, and these entities are studied in Tokamaks, which attempt to create nuclear fusion. Polar auroras and ball lightning are examples of this type of substance, and this state of matter exists when ionization occurs at extremely high temperatures, . For 10 points, name this substance similar to ionized gas, the \"fourth state of matter.\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-60e0ed58ca4143cd995e49be857d3bc1",
            "input": "A modification of this procedure adds a position term for the center of mass and requires placing the whole system in a potential sphere in order to use the particle in a box method; that procedure is partially named for Huang. The energy calculated in this procedure is a lower bound on the total energy, and the first step of this procedure finds the energy eigenvalue in terms of the position vector R, creating a potential energy surface. A simple application of it is to find the molecular orbitals of an H-two-plus atom, and its second step involves removing the off-diagonal kinetic energy terms, which creates a set of uncoupled motion equations. It states that the one particle only sees the Coloumb potential of another, which removes several terms from an otherwise hairy partial differential equation. For 10 points, name this method which says that nuclear motion can be ignored when modeling a molecule, named for two guys.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d33df103f24f499484c42968b17f91f9",
            "input": "In one novel from this country, Mr. Sneaze is mocked by the narrator, an extremely formal house cat. The protagonist of another novel from this country claims that his index finger remembers a woman who is learning to play the shamisen despite living with a paralyzed music teacher. In a third novel from this country, a journalist narrates the \"sealed moves\" in the retirement game of Shusai, who lays down white stones on a board. For 10 points, name this country whose hot springs are a setting for Snow Country, in which I Am a Cat and The Master of Go were written by Natsume Soseki and Yasunari Kawabata.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-473d948cd0884ab59e794e3595406734",
            "input": "A man resting on a fallen ladder is being crushed by the title object in one scene in this painting, and a person in a yellow hat is slitting the throat of another man in front of that title object. Elsewhere a white, winged creature plays a flute next to a man playing a lyre (+) as Jesus watches from the clouds above. On the left, Eve can be seen springing up from Adam's rib as God, dressed in red, welcomes her. One figure grasps towards the fig leaf of a damned soul on the right hand side of this work, and in that same panel a fish is swallowing (*) a man. The title object is pulled by demons from left to right as all of humanity attempts to grasp a piece of what it is carrying in the central panel. FTP, identify this triptych by Hieronymus Bosch which shares its name with a work depicting a cottage owned by Willy Lott on the left in front of Flatford Mill, an 1821 painting where two young men drive the titular vehicle through some water, created by John Constable.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-600df545332a411eb173f8f709a44530",
            "input": "This work alludes to Pliny's belief that razors would dull and bees would die in the presence of menstruating women in the chapter \"Between Heaven and Earth. \" This work describes the soul as a \"mannikin\" and and the Arab burial of the \"Old Man\" of wheat and cites Snorri's description of the distribution of Halfdan the Black's body as a reflection of the worship of the Corn-God Osiris. A Turner painting is referenced and the priest of Nemi waiting in the grove of Diana is discussed in its first section, \"The King of the Wood. \" Taking its name from Aeneas's method of accessing the underworld, for 10 points, identify this work of anthropology subtitled \"A Study in Magic and Religion,\" written by James Fraser.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-724a280f73a54c6e8056cef88c7b2834",
            "input": "This man retold the Robinson Crusoe story in his Foe, and described a dying former professor named Mrs. Curren who is tended to by Vercueil in Age of Iron. Another work by this man describes Magda, who kills her father and has an affair with a workman. He wrote about Colonel Joll who tortures people in an effort to find information about the title figures of another book, appalling the Magistrate. Another character created by this man takes his mother Anna's ashes to a farm in Karoo after being raised in a home for disabled people because of his harelip. For 10 points, name this South African author of In the Heart of the Country, Waiting for the Barbarians and The Life and Times of Michael K.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6be650999bdf441986482b5f9a36cb59",
            "input": "Diane Dodd studied this process by feeding one population fruit flies only starch and others only maltose. The North American apple maggot's switch from hawthorne is an example of this process, which can also be the result of ploidy changes or hybridization. Adaptive radiation can result in the rapid occurrence of this process, which can occur as a result of differing flowering times or geographic isolation. This process comes in sympatric and allopatric types. For 10 points, name this process by which new species emerge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eba0a616dfc74f4ebb9777e7e587aae4",
            "input": "Usually considered a daughter of Anzu, her Akkadian name means lady of heaven and is related to the Syrian Astarte and biblical Asharoth. She is the subject of a cycle of texts describing her tragic love affair with the one who becomes god of the vegetation cycle, as she gets him to replace her in the underworld after she tries to usurp rule of the underworld from her sister Ereshkigal. FTP, identify this Mesopotamian love of Tammuz, the goddess of love, sex and war.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45ae3b8232f4455f918325e9c07fdd62",
            "input": "It is mainly obtained in the form of impurities in sulphide ores, which can be roasted to create an oxide which is then reduced to yield the metallic form, and from the minerals realgar and orpiment. It is used in lead-based alloys to produce hardening, and its compounds are used as doping agents in semiconductors and in insecticides, while several complex organic compounds containing it are employed in the treatment of certain diseases, such as amebic dysentery, caused by microorganisms. FTP, name this element, which may have been first isolated around 1250 by Albertus Magnus, a metalloid of group V with atomic number 33 and symbol As.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e4fc5c95a8ab46b187f07917d5baac9b",
            "input": "Kennedy and Illingworth attempted to carry out this experiment with a half-wave step. One of its conductors later worked with Dayton Miller to resolve the problem that this experiment raised. The setup of this experiment was constructed atop a slab of marble floating in a pool of mercury. One of this experiment's conductors created a namesake interferometer to split a single light source into two beams of light. For 10 points, name this experiment, the null result of which discredited the existence of luminiferous [loo-mih-NIH-fer-us] ether.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00de42d81e65428b8128319b3cca40ed",
            "input": "He once kicked Yama to death, making everyone immortal for a time. He also beheaded his father-in-law Daksha, then gave him a goat's head. At the request of Bhagiratha, he agreed to break the fall of the goddess Ganga with his hair. His wife once saved him by strangling him after he caught the secretions of the serpent Vasuki during the churning of the oceans, turning his throat blue. Cursed by the sage Bhrigu to be worshipped in the form of the phallic lingam, FTP name this father of Ganesha and husband of Parvati, often called the destroyer.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2cccd493b70465dbe5c3445b94e145e",
            "input": "One philosopher from this modern-day country argued that any person who did not distribute their surplus wealth among the needy was a thief in On Charity. That same philosopher from this country argued against James I of England's divine right of kings and instead rooted the basis of government in two contracts from consent in Defense of the Catholic and Apostolic Faith. Another philosopher from this country held that a war even on just causes would be unjust if it caused more harm than good based on his idea of the Christian Republic in his On the Law of War. That same philosopher held that the conquest was not a just title to possession of the Americas while holding that the Indians were not \"natural slaves\" in his On the Indies. For 10 points name this modern day country home to the Late Scholastic philosophers Francisco Suarez and Francisco de Vitoria and the School of Salamanca, where Bartolomeo de las Casas was born in Seville",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-facb56b99de5407caae7ce31b76420be",
            "input": "reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of this compound. Steps in its formation include the production of mevalonate, which is converted to activated isoprenes. Those isoprenes are condensed into squalene, which is then cyclized to form this compound. Mineralocorticoid hormones like aldosterone are synthesized from this compound. Its concentration in the bloodstream is lowered by (*) statins. This molecule maintains the fluidity of the plasma membrane at low temperatures. High concentrations of this compound in bile lead to gall stones. When this molecule is deposited in blood vessels, the resulting narrowing and hardening of their walls is called atherosclerosis. For 10 points, name this lipid often classified as either HDL or LDL, its \"good\" and \"bad\" varieties.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-408cf9ad8f7246b9aae1a90bc3324d25",
            "input": "A construction named for this man is the identity of the convolution function, and a Clifford algebra can be constructed from his namesake gamma matrices. His inference that the gravitational constant varies inversely with time is part of his large numbers hypothesis. A pair of conjugate transposes make up his (*) bra-ket notation, and a model of a vacuum as particles possessing negative energy is known as his sea. He names a set of statistics describing fermions with Fermi. For 10 points, name this physicist who names a function that is infinite at one point and zero everywhere else, his namesake delta function.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7518d44f071c4e9e90dde477adeb382c",
            "input": "His songs include words by Housman, Hopkins, Yeats, and Stephens, and he set to music James Joyce's Chamber Music. His operas include A Hand of Bridge and Antony and Cleopatra and he composed the Capricorn Concerto for flute, oboe, trumpet, and strings. Known for the vocal piece Dover Beach, his best known opera is Vanessa. For 10 points, name this American composer best-known for Adagio for Strings.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8efc4f7b168a4717bdba8186db4cf67a",
            "input": "One character in this work is followed around Montreal by a Pinkerton detective after inadvertently robbing the saloon Fitzgerald and Moy's. That character dreams of leaving his vain daughter, Jessica, and his wife, Julia, behind forever. Yet by the end of the novel he must accept the comfort provided by the Captain in a homeless shelter in New York. During his days as a railroad scab worker, that character reflects on his love for the title figure, a woman he'd seen perform at his rival's Elks Lodge before she hit it big under the stage name Madenda. First published in 1900, it ends with the title figure being rejected by Mr. Ames and sitting in her favorite rocking chair. FTP, identify this work about a girl who romances Charles Drouet and George Hurstwood, the first novel by Theodore Dreiser.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-267c3e746f0948489e983fd560017805",
            "input": "In 2007, this city began a controversial underground rail project called the Crossrail. In 2009, its mayor, Boris Johnson, saved a woman from a mugging while biking to work. In 2005, this city was rocked by a series of coordinated terrorist attacks on July 7. This city is in the process of constructing an Aquatics Centre, a Velopark (VELL-oh-park), and a Handball Arena as it is hosting the 2012 Summer Olympics. For 10 points, name this capital of the United Kingdom.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3617809ca584d8e874207b0b889b956",
            "input": "Among this poet's famous lines are \"Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all\" and \"Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die\". In addition to \"In Memoriam A.H.H.,\" this Poet Laureate under Queen Victoria also wrote \"The Lady of Shalott.\" (*) For 10 points, what 19th-century poet wrote \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-865547b0b30f4bf29d426106f2140e46",
            "input": "This dynasty sent Zhang Qian on exploring missions, and it was confronted by the Rebellion of the Seven States. The Records of A Grand Historian were written by Sima Qian during this dynasty, and after the Battle of Jushi, Emperor Wu forced the Xiongnu to become its tributaries. An interregnum by Wang Mang's Xin dynasty divides this dynasty into [*] \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" parts. It was founded by Liu Bang after the Qin dynasty and was followed by the Three Kingdoms period. Challenged by the palace eunuchs and the Daoist Yellow Turban Rebellion, for 10 points, name the Chinese dynasty after which the primary ethnic group of China is named.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-289a7c0cf37d4d919049b732baad9758",
            "input": "One of this artists paintings focuses on a multicolored shield as the Emperor Titus rears on a majestic white horse. This artist of The Destruction of Jerusalem painted Ruth kneeling before Boaz in one of a quartet of paintings that also includes a depiction of The Spies with the Grapes of the Promised Land. He depicted Judas sneaking out of the Last Supper in Eucharist, which joins works like Extreme Unction and Baptism in another series. This artist of The Four Seasons and The Seven Sacraments painted a work in which group of chariots riding above clouds as Wealth, Poverty, Labor, and Pleasure join hands in the center. Another of his paintings shows four peasants examining a tomb. For 10 points, name this classical French artist of A Dance to the Music of Time and Et in Arcadia Ego.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45bceed5d8fe4604971de412baf58f46",
            "input": "In the chiral bag model of nucleons, this effect explains the origin of non-zero expectation values for fermion bilinears, and it has been proposed as a possible explanation for sonoluminescence. It has been measured to within 1% of its theoretical value using a polystyrene sphere attached to the tip of an atomic force microscope. Its namesake originally proposed it after investigating van der Waals forces in colloidal solutions, when he noted that fluctuations in the second-quantized electromagnetic field could explain the interaction between two neutral particles. FTP name this effect that describes the attractive force between two uncharged conducting plates in a vacuum, which is named for a Dutch physicist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e61ef2bf304748679d7c0f2c1f4c8376",
            "input": "In one section of this work, Mrs. McIntyre hires a Polish man fleeing from concentration camps to work on her dairy farm, but she does nothing to stop Mr. Shortley from running Mr. Guizac over with a tractor. In addition to \"The Displaced Person\" another story in this collection discusses a boy who receives a fortune from a scale that reads: \"You have a great destiny ahead of you but beware of dark women. \" Later that boy accidentally knocks a woman over on the sidewalk, yet his grandfather Mr. Head denies knowing him to avoid paying the medical bill, while in a different story the salesman Manley Pointer steals Hulga Hopewell's wooden leg. Along with \"The Artificial Nigger\" and \"Good Country People\", in this collection's title story the cat Pitty Sing makes Bailey crash the family car and meet Hiram and Bobby Lee. For 10 points, identify this collection named for a story about the Misfit written by Flannery O'Connor.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4118aa26e5d64c83945950f736fd4e94",
            "input": "When Bishop Halvard comes to town, this character is charged with committing adultery with a servant. This character is betrothed to Simon, but she breaks off the engagement because she loves a man with two illegitimate children by Eline; Eline later tries to poison this character, and stabs herself when caught in the act. The character was born at an estate called Skog, and she inherits an estate known as Joundgaard. She dies in a convent at Nidaros after her son Skule tells her of the Black Plagues infiltration of the city. Appearing in a trilogy consisting of The Bridal Wreath, The Mistress of Husaby, and The Cross, FTP, name this fourteenth-century protagonist of Sigrid Undset.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf851f8ccaf4433e8cdbd016fa51aab0",
            "input": "This author praised post-apocalyptic works of science fiction in New Maps of Hell and analyzed Ian Flemings work in The James Bond Dossier. He also wrote genre novels such as a work about an inn owner who is haunted by the ghost of a long-dead scholar who attempts to murder the protagonists daughter, The Green Man, and a novel in which Brian Leonard attempts to discover the identity of a spy at an army base involved in Operation Apollo while Lady Hazell practices promiscuous polyandry, The Anti-Death League. He won a Booker for a novel about the death of the author Alun Weaver. In another of his novels, the title protagonist falls in love with Christine Callaghan and gives a disastrous lecture on Merrie England. For 10 points, name this author of The Old Devils and Lucky Jim.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d893581c771641cdb6fe355dea523b55",
            "input": "Although it is now attributed to Michelozzo, the Pazzi Chapel was once thought to have been designed by this man. His biographer, Antonio Manetti, describes how he illustrated the principles of perspective by drawing the Palazzo Vecchio and the Florentine Baptistery from two different points. His works include the design of the (*) Hospital of the Innocents, as well as a project that plagued the architect Arnolfo di Cambio for years. A lantern stands atop of his crowning achievement, which was built without the use of flying buttresses because it is supported by an octagonal base. For 10 points, name this Italian architect who successfully inserted a dome on top of Florence Cathedral.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b9c926f81184ebd8d125334bde0a170",
            "input": "river rises on the Two Oceans Plateau and receives the Pacific Branch of Two Oceans Creek near Moran Junction. Much of this river's course is located on an arid but fertile plain containing many basalt flows as well as the sinks of the Lost River and was also the route of the catastrophic draining of Lake Bonneville. This river's tributaries include the Palouse and Henrys Fork and the Shoshone Falls is located on this river which passes next to Fort Hall and the Craters of the Moon National Monument. Its largest tributary is the Salmon, which it meets near the Seven Devils Mountains in Hells Canyon Gorge, before it forms part of the Oregon-Idaho border. For 10 points, identify this river that flows through Grand Teton National Park and is the largest tributary of the Columbia River.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e7b1e05fef2b48ba8c2259f6e8badec5",
            "input": "In mass spectrometry, an aromatic cation with this many carbon atoms often appears at m over z equals 91. The signal for the central proton of an isopropyl group will have this many peaks in proton NMR. A violet-colored strong oxidizing agent has a metal in this oxidation state. That compound is potassium permanganate. This is the number of elemental gases that are diatomic at standard conditions. This integer is equal to the negative log of hydronium concentration of pure water at 25 degrees Celsius, and is also the number of valence electrons possessed by the most electronegative element, fluorine. For 10 points, give this number equal to the neutral pH value.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93af2649aa844556835ec24050425162",
            "input": "This writer created a puff pastry-eating man who encourages Piskaryov to pursue a beautiful woman he sees on Nevsky Prospekt. In a story by this writer, a barber, offended by the protagonist's characterization of his hands as smelly, tries to throw a body part surreptitiously into the River Neva as an act of revenge. In another story by this writer, the words \"I am your brother\" make a young official regret making fun of the protagonist, who later confronts the \"important person\". Petrovich creates the title garment for that character, Akaky Akakievitch. For 10 points, name this Russian short-story writer, author of \"The Nose\" and \"The Overcoat.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-009b6e863d7d4bb3ba1e38a58268bbbb",
            "input": "One lecture by this man chastises science for only studying what is instead of what is not. That lecture also examines the feeling of dread and \"deepest boredom\" that humans encounter when they contemplate the nothing. Another work by this philosopher claims its goal is to \"destroy the history of ontology\". That book by this man distinguishes between the states of \"present-at-hand\" and \"ready-to-hand\". This author of \"What is Metaphysics\" describes a character who consists of existence, (*) thrownness, and fallenness in a book that contemplates the meaning of Angst. That book by this man equates the two title concepts for the \"being for whom being is the question\", the Dasein. For 10 points, name this German philosopher, a student of Edmund Husserl who wrote Being and Time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a59f1840b68b49e3a0a613acd29e4ef7",
            "input": "One early poem by this man contains the lines, \"I will prick you and you won't stand it, and you won't forget me. Little rose, little rose\", while another poem by this author contains a character who \"threw the holy goblet far deep down into the waves\" and \"watched it fall. . . and never drank a drop\". This author of \"Heath Rosebud\" and \"The King in Thule\" wrote one work which was a reworking of a tragedy by Euripides, Iphegenia in Tauris, and one in which the title character chops a broom in half with an axe after enchanting it to fetch water. In addition to The Sorceror's Apprentice, this author wrote one work in which the Duke of Alba kills the title character, leading to the suicide of his lover Klrchen, and one work in which Jarno introduces the title character to the plays of Shakespeare. For 10 pointsname this author of Egmont and Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, who wrote about the suicide of Albert using two pistols and the lover of Gretchen who makes a deal with Mephistopheles in his works The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-307339afc6f748c694b241ed1013bd80",
            "input": "Among this man's failed operas include one about a based on a play by Bjornsterne Bjornson titled Hulda, and he left the opera Ghisella unfinished. One of his tone poems, marked Allegretto Vivo, was based on a work by Leconte de Lisle and is titled Les Eolides. Another of his tone poems, inspired by Gottfried Burger's verse, suddenly stops its \"chase\" theme as the title character is unable to sound his horn, and depicts a sacreligious Count who goes hunting. Also known for the symphonic poem Psyche, this man dedicated his Grande Piece Symphonique to Charles Alkan. His Violin Sonata in A was composed for Eugene and Theophile Ysaye, and he also composed the aforementioned Le Chasseur maudit. Notable students of this man include Henri Duparc, Ernest Chausson, and Paul Dukas, while an early biography of this man was written by his pupil Vincent D'Indy. For 10 points, identify this Belgian organist best known for his Symphony in D Minor.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82da560c56324062a43d625d4ec026aa",
            "input": "man developed a statement which gives the probability of the occurrence of a transition during a perturbation. A boundary that separates unfilled orbitals from filled ones at absolute zero is a constant energy surface in k-space named for this man. An energy level named for him is equal the chemical potential at absolute zero. Particles named for him obey the statistics named for this man and Paul Dirac, and he is also the namesake of certain \"problems\" which involve the approximation of quantities within an appropriate order of magnitude. For 10 points, identify this Italian-America physicist who lends his name to a laboratory located near Chicago.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9e8095ab5ee40088c285d4df14130c8",
            "input": "Sculptures of these creatures are depicted with up to 13 lumps to represent rank, and rows of them line the Marco Polo Bridge. Twelve of these creatures support an alabaster fountain in a courtyard whose four axes lead to muqarna arches; that courtyard is part of the Alhambra. In China, male ones are depicted facing left with a xiuqiu, or ball, while female ones are depicted facing right with a cub. Heinrich Schliemann excavated a structure that depicts two of these flanking a pillar in the palace of Mycenae. For 10 points, name these animals whose sculptural depictions often flank entrances to temples and government buildings as guardian animals.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fcb9b1350df491f8a37335e91c77254",
            "input": "The \"sacred road\" played an important role in this operation, and Charles Mangin led a major counteroffensive at this battle, while a key role at this battle was played by the 3rd Corps under Robert Nivelle. A 21-hour bombardment preceded the main engagement of this battle, during which Emile Driant held out against his opponent's Fifth Army despite being outnumbered 5 to 1. This battle was preceded by one side's capture of Fort Douaumont, and the fighting in this battle took place mostly on and around the banks of the Meuse River. This engagement was part of Erich von Falkenhayn's strategy to \"bleed France white,\" and it saw Phillippe Petain's marshalling of the defense. For 10 points, identify this battle of World War I which begain in February of 1916 and which ultimately saw France successfully defend its namesake fortress.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab7c3ab1e7844990801594b5880614b3",
            "input": "One goddess of this place was a child of Zeus and Carme that invented hunting nets, and another figure from this place was mistakenly murdered by his son Althaemenes, fulfilling an oracle. In addition to Britomartis and Catreus, another figure from this place was cuckolded by the usurper Leucus and promised to sacrifice the first thing he saw on the beach when caught in a storm. One creature located in a city here had the alternate name (*) Asterius, while another creature circled this area thrice daily and protected Europa. The Curetes made lots of noise to drown out the sounds of infant Zeus, who was raised on Mt. Dicte in this area. Daedalus fashioned a bull costume for Pasiphae, the queen of this place, and eventually escaped from this island after fashioning wings. For 10 points, name this island home to king Minos, the Labyrinth, and the Minotaur.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-038e8f778f2b42399cade9a1bf8f2b2f",
            "input": "The title character is wooed via trips to the theater to see plays in which a girl is skirted away from a palatial home and a cruel guardian by a hero with \"beautiful sentiments. \" The phrase \"gone to the devil\" is repeated several times as the heroine is disowned by her drunkard mother, and despite the promise of a happy, petit-bourgeois life, everything is ruined by the schemes of Nellie, an audacious woman who steals Pete the bartender away from the title character. FTP, identify this sad tale of a doomed girl-come-prostitute in the Bowery district, written by Stephen Crane.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3b2146669044dcd96a8c472f6dbbd27",
            "input": "In one work by this man, Land Development Syndicate employee Tom Broadbent gives Matt Haffigan's pig a ride in his motorcar. In addition to John Bull's Other Island, this man wrote a play in which the arms manufacturer Andrew Undershaft's ideals are contrasted with the title character's work for the Salvation Army. This author of Major (*) Barbara also wrote about Henry Higgins' attempts to reform the flower girl Eliza Doolittle in another play. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of Pygmalion.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9606fd1b44454ee18263a8fc192fdffc",
            "input": "After another god knocked this god out of the sky, this god's father got angry and gave all the gods upset stomachs until this god was granted immortality. He was created from an item which was captured by a bird before it could be eaten by Kaikeyi, the youngest wife of Dasaratha. That item, a cake, was found by the wife of Kesari, a queen named Angara. In later life, he served as a general under Sugriva and killed Kalanemi, and oversaw the construction of a bridge from India to a nearby island. The son of the wind god Vayu, he is depicted as having a red face and a very long tail, and was created to help Vishnu in his incarnation as Rama. FTP, name this being who came to the rescue when Ravana abducted Sita, the monkey god of Hindu myth.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-230ca6519c4b47cbbcc5c54745403c1d",
            "input": "This symphony's final movement includes a collaboration between a flute and a piccolo, meant to represent an ominous bird. The composer of this symphony included a notation asking for \"the largest possible contingent of strings.\" Its second movement, marked Andante moderato, is an A-flat major landler. This symphony is intended to be played with a five-minute pause after its first movement, which re-used its composer's abandoned piece (*) Totenfeier. It calls for a mezzo-soprano voice in its fourth movement, Urlicht, and includes a setting of Das Knaben Wunderhorn. This symphony in C minor was inspired by a Klopstock poem heard at a funeral that includes the line \"Rise again, yes, rise again.\" For 10 points, name this second symphony by Gustav Mahler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a8a12064c8944698fdf6a34188a69e8",
            "input": "One religious leader of this faith focused on using sudden sounds or actions to make pupils see their true nature and ye-xi, or original consciousness. In addition to Mazu Doayi, another leader of this faith wrote two manuals for believers at Shaolin and is described as the \"Blue Eyed Barbarian\" in such texts as The Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall. This religion's founder came to China from India and was inspired by the Lankavatara Sutra and the Flower Sermon. That leader, Bodhidharma, taught that activities outside of studying scripture such as sesshin and the contemplation of paradoxes were the way to achieve satori, or enlightenment. For 10 points, name this sect of Mahayana Buddhism associated with koans and various forms of meditation that is popular in Japan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5f32d9fb1134f6aa5d632f7f237753d",
            "input": "A former girlfriend of this composer inspired his Abegg Variations, and song cycles he wrote include A Woman's Life and Love and A Poet's Love, or Dichterliebe. When writing for the New Journal for Music, this music critic often used the pseudonyms Eusebius and Florestan. This composer of Dances of the League of David wrote the piano work Arabesque in C Major for his wife Clara. He is also known for Kreisleriana, the Symphonic tudes, and Carnaval, as well a symphony which helped open the Cologne Cathedral. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Rhenish and Spring symphonies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-332cf230b4244b9483ad138792ef89ea",
            "input": "This artist's treatise, I Comentarii, published in 1447, gave a history of ancient art and discussed the author's admiration for certain painters of Siena. He created large bronze statues of saints Stephen, Matthew, and John the Baptist for the Or San Michele in Florence while he was still working on another project for which he had been chosen over six other artists, including Brunelleschi, in 1402. FTP, name this sculptor of the Gates of Paradise at the Baptistery of the Cathedral of Florence.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f63476f4176c47aa8aed5659f1878cd1",
            "input": "Two answers required. The breakup of this couple causes holy water to turn into black water and wine to turn into blood. The seventh letter of Ovid's Heroides concerns this couple, one of whom recalls that the voice of one of the Eumenides spoke at their wedding. One of them is served by the honorable maid Barce, who assists her in burning a bridal bed, clothing and weapons of the other. Their wedding is marked by a rainstorm mixed with hail and occurs after the two of them fled into a cave. The female member of this couple had rejected the hand of a Gaetulian prince named Iarbas and is advised by her sister Anna. That woman had fled Tyre after the death of her husband Pygmalion and founds a city in ancient Libya. For 10 points, name this couple that consists of the queen of Carthage and the hero of a poem by Virgil.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9be2a8bfed24fcba67e261e4c9cbaf3",
            "input": "One work for this instrument and orchestra depicts the entrance to Connia's Well as well as an object which symbolized the muse called Dathi. That work, The Five Sacred Trees, was written for Judith Leclair by John Williams, and Arthur Weisberg developed a system for this instrument designed to eliminate the need for flicking. Camille Saint-Saens allegedly stormed out of the premiere of one work due to its misuse of this instrument. Its Renaissance predecessor was the dulcian, and today it is made using the Heckel and Buffet systems. It plays above the low strings to introduce the first theme in Tchaikovsky's Pathetique Symphony, and a high solo from this instrument opens Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring. For 10 points, identify this double-reed woodwind instrument which represents the grandfather in Peter and the Wolf, whose \"contra\" variety is the lowest member of the woodwind section in the orchestra.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b223c6b48be4227a03de5523721eabd",
            "input": "Racist policies by border governors serving this empire culminated in the Battle of the Nobles, which came in the wake of Hisham's loss to Leo II at Akroinon and triggered the Berber revolt. Al-Mukhtar's revolt was another blemish on this polity, whose biggest disgrace was the damage to the Kabba under Yazid I during the second fitna. Language and currency were unified by an opponent of Justinian II, (*) Abd al-Malik, who also constructed the Dome of the Rock. Ethnic strife with Sogdians and other non-Arab Muslims plagued this state, ruled at times by the Marwanids, which fell after a victory at the Battle of the Zab by Abu Muslim. Failing to expand into Europe after falling to Charles Martel at Tours, FTP, identify this Islamic empire whose final ruler fled to Iberia after the capture of its capital Damascus, the predecessor of the Abbassid Caliphate.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c17ccb0549c4cdf828a7ebcb638cb88",
            "input": "There are two known planets that orbit this kind of object, but a third is suspected to explain why the one is extremely hot, likely due to a recent collision. Over long periods of time, their atmospheres can accumulate methane, but like more massive objects, their atmosphere is fully convective. They fall into \"L\" and \"T\" spectral classes. A sure test for these is the presence of lithium, since stars begin to fuse lithium when they are at most one hundred million years old. A subclass of planetars, along with interstellar stars, FTP, identify these almost-stars too small to sustain hydrogen fusion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e994cce3d464d5ca9f4e000b00f607a",
            "input": "This author wrote about a group of men who bring out a dead camel and whip the animals that eat it after another character is given rusty scissors to fulfill the prophecy of ending the quarrel that divides the world in two. In another story by this author, the title character almost instantly travels a huge distance after a groom presents a team of horses and kisses the maid, (*) Rosa. A girl's parents marvel at her development and consider finding her a husband after taking a tram to the countryside and deciding to move into a smaller apartment in a story by this man who wrote of the Traveler avoiding the Condemned Man as he runs away from the Commandant's harrow, and he wrote about a man who gets injured by a thrown apple and dies in his bedroom after turning into a horrible vermin. For 10 points, name this author of \"In the Penal Colony\" and The Metamorphosis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c16a7cc36cb4440da2207379c3a6e099",
            "input": "These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez). According to Goldbach's conjecture, every integer greater than two can be expressed as a sum of two of them. Every positive integer can be expressed as a factorization of these numbers. For 10 points, identify these natural numbers whose only divisors are themselves and one.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b5a57b810ef4599ba9fda795498f008",
            "input": "This work approvingly quotes Schopenhauer's advice to a dishonest guardian on how to keep a ward from growing too intelligent. This work satirizes one concept as resembling the story of \"Tono, the Great Dane\" who forms his idea of the \"Great Dog\" after his own attributes, leading to the happy conclusion he is the Great Dog. It praises piecemeal engineering over utopian engineering because of the latter's want of large scale social experimentation. Besides \"Nature and Convention\", and \"Aestheticism, Perfectionism, and Utopianism\", this work's second volume dicsusses \"The Rise of Oracular Philosophy\" and \"Hegel and the New Tribalism. \" The first volume classifies one man as a great sociologist but decries him for a vision of fascism and totalitarianism. Opening with a chapter on \"The Spell of Plato\", for 10 points name this defense of liberal democracy by Karl Popper.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb05aab4013e49668885c30a4661dec8",
            "input": "He posited that technology was fundamentally enframing, and claimed that facticity was the \"thrownness\" of existence. A notable lecture by this man dealt with Sophocles' Antigone and \"Poeticizing the essence of rivers,\" and was named after Friedrich Holderlin's poem \"Der Ister. \" He denied a change in his thinking in a letter published by William Richardson, and that so-called \"turn\" is exemplified by his Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning). Other works by this man include Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics and Off the Beaten Track. FTP, name this philosopher who posited a \"being for whom being is in question,\" dasein, in his work Being and Time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba5f740553f94d8cb1d2b59920530b02",
            "input": "Vietnamese national hero Le Loi defended his country against this dynasty's forces. The Fish Scale Records were used to calculate taxes by this dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor. This dynasty's Yong-le Emperor ordered the construction of Beijing's Forbidden City. The (*) Yuan Dynasty fell during the Red Turban Rebellion, which brought this dynasty to power. Zheng He was a eunuch admiral who explored under this dynasty's banner. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that began in the 1300s and was renowned for its porcelain.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cfb303a40e04257937426cd11ced456",
            "input": "One of this philosopher's late works employs Tarski's correspondence theory of truth to develop the idea of \"verisimilitude\". That work also contains the argument that unconditional prophecies are formed from a combination of existential statements and conditional predictions, and is entitled Conjectures and Refutations. Another work by this thinker discusses the reduction of theories to basic statements and contains such chapters as \"The Problem of the Empirical Basis\", and \"Degrees of Testability\". In a work of political philosophy, this thinker criticized holistic theories and argued that totalitarian regimes operated under \"The Spell of Plato\". The formulator of falsifiability, for 10 points, identify this philosopher whose major works include The Poverty of Historicism, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, and The Open Society and Its Enemies.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2829e26c05ba4cd2b3a678d9c4be95c5",
            "input": "Materials with this property can exhibit a noise arising from self-organized criticality known as the Barkhausen effect. The Ising model was originally formulated to study this phenomenon, in which regions become separated by Bloch walls and materials exhibiting this property are frequently subject to hysteretic effects. The anti variety of this property disappears above the Neel point, while this property itself disappears above the Curie point, where the material transitions to paramagnetism. FTP, identify this form of magnetism resulting from the spontaneous alignment of domains, which is present in metals such as nickel and iron.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b640e0de1d394d1aa06fba65ecf2ad05",
            "input": "The Matsuoka group discovered the first soluble receptor for this class of compounds, and the DELLA proteins are critical in their signaling cascades. Synthesized through the mevalonic acid pathway, these diterpenoids are named for their common skeleton. By increasing the size and number of internodal cells, they function to increase stem length, and their effects on roots are controlled by auxins. They were first identified by researchers studying a fungal disease of rice known as \"bakanae. \" FTP, name this class of plant hormones whose overexpression leads to \"foolish seedling\" disease.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26c93a2a6d134535b41f6d629db5b508",
            "input": "One side in this event was headquartered at the Bost Building. Sheriff William McCleary attempted to mediate this event, which ended after Governor Robert Pattison called in the National Guard. It began after an agreement reached three years earlier with Charles M. Schwab expired. During it, the leader of one side survived a failed assassination attempt by Alexander (*) Berkman. It also saw a bloody clash after 300 agents traveled on a flotilla of barges down the Ohio River to confront workers. Plant manager Henry Clay Frick sent in Pinkerton detectives during this event, which involved union members from the Amalgamated Association. For 10 points, name this 1892 strike that took place at a Pittsburgh-area steel plant.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e87a5bec1304e41b757ce43ee8aa397",
            "input": "The period of a spring is given by two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant. Heat transfer is equal to the specific heat times the change in temperature times this quantity. A \"rest\" type is multiplied by the square of the speed of light to give energy. For 10 points, name this quantity that is the \"m\" in \"E equals m c squared.\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a14fa4c556f479394fcd5aeafb73193",
            "input": "Before moving into John Everett Millais' old house and studio, this man produced paintings based on existing photographs of Nazi leaders; Goebbels was the model for Man in a Cap and Hitler figured into both Figure Getting Out of a Car as well as Seated Man / Man Standing. The suicide of his lover George Dyer is depicted in his Triptych May-June, 1973. A triptych based on the Furies is regarded as his first mature piece, while alternate versions of his most famous work include Head VI and Figure with Meat. FTP, name this Irish painter famous for his grotesque imagery in such works as Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion and Study after Velazquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11ea2ab44171448abc5e79499b424798",
            "input": "One member of this group was held prisoner at Pendennis Castle until he was exchanged for Colonel Archibald Campbell. The poem When Caesar Reigned King at Rome protested a member of this group receiving a death sentence, and their motto setting the hills on fire was coined by that poems author, Thomas Rowley, known as their bard. Under joint command of two colonels, this unit took Fort St. John and Crown Point during the American Revolutionary War. This group often met in Bennington at the Catamount Tavern, and their notable members included Seth Warner, Remember Baker, and their leaders brother Ira. For ten points, name this group that helped capture Fort Ticonderoga, an Ethan Allen-led Vermont militia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1cdcb0e4829a4abd8ff51c5e6c4875cc",
            "input": "president's third Supreme Court appointment was notably independent of the political machine of Matthew Quay, causing that Pennsylvania senator to oppose the ultimately successful nomination of George Shiras. This man addressed the notion of a \"World Power\" in a series of lectures published as Views of an Ex-President, and while president he supported the ultimately unsuccessful (*) Lodge Bill. He sent a strong response to Chile following the Baltimore Crisis, and he also played host to the First International Conference of American States. His reelection campaign was hurt by the third party candidate James Weaver. His presidency saw the McKinley Tariff and the Sherman Antitrust Act passed by the Billion Dollar Congress. For 10 points, name this president who defeated and then lost to Grover Cleveland.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6fac0e5e1ee741b4a3047ed49ba648fd",
            "input": "Haldan Keffer Hartline won a Nobel Prize for his research on the electrical responses of this object in horseshoe crabs. This object contains Muller glia, which are mitotically active following damage to it. Coats disease causes the separation of this object and a cherry-red spot is found on it in children with Tay-Sachs disease. Horizontal and amacrine cells modulate communication between its cells, the inner layer of which contains ganglion cells. Composed of neural tissue, this innermost layer of the eye has a depression in its center called the macula. For 10 points, name this location of photoreceptors such as rods and cones.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35c3e255ef734af2a2858f16006b28a2",
            "input": "This man's influence was studied in Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe's Fiction of Politics and Poetry as Experience. Renier Schrmann studied this man in relation to principles and anarchy, and one of his works was a response to a letter by his translator Jean Beaufret. He discussed imagination in Kant in a debate at Davos with Ernst Cassirer, while Luce Irigaray criticized this man for forgetting about air. One of this man's works features notions of the \"echo\" and \"playing-forth\" as well as introducing the concept of \"the last god. \" Another work argues against a \"metaphysical interpretation of art\" and analyzes the line \"\"Now come, fire! \" before discussing the poetic essence of rivers. The second volume of his most famous work discusses the temporality and historicality of the concept of dasein. For 10 points, name this author of Holderlin's Hymn the Ister and Being and Time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1f8a95fe61c4b51bfb8e9f93696b17a",
            "input": "Groups of this name are a subset of Dedekind groups, and they are generally non-abelian groups with every subgroup normal. This name also describes an NP-complete problem that asks if it is possible to construct a cycle visiting every vertex of a graph. For classical systems with forces independent of velocity, this quantity is equal to the total energy of the system. That quantity appears in several first-order differential equations in its namesake re-formulation of classical mechanics, and that quantity is related to the Lagrangian by a Legendre transform. For ten points, identify this multi-use term derived from the name of the inventor of quaternions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13c0cf7315444d5bb79aefa23dbcefea",
            "input": "On the second day of it, people take baths before sunrise in honor of a day on which sixteen thousand girls were liberated from the demon king Narakasur. The third day is consecrated to the goddess of wealth and is marked by the use of fire crackers. On the fourth day, businesses start a new set of books to inaugurate the new lunar year. The fifth and final day celebrates King Bali. Jains observe it as commemoration of the establishment of the dharma by Mahavira, and Sikhs remember the 1620 festival when Hargobind Singh negotiated the release of 52 imprisoned Hindu princes. FTP, name this holiday, the Hindu festival of lights.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4fb4e628234d49efa865ab06febac499",
            "input": "Some versions of this work contain an extra line referring to the Marian intercession, and Edward Seymour, the Duke of Somerset, may have supported it for political reasons. Robert Crowleys versions of this work are well-known, and Francis Meres and William Webb join Crowly as the only people to comment on its alliterative style favorably. Classified by W.W. Skeet into definitive A, B, and C text versions, it begins in Worcestershire when a fellow named Will dreams of a large tower and a fortress in a valley. Featuring characters like Do-well, Do-bet, and Do-best, FTP, name this Middle English allegorical narrative, a work of William Langland.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d898c4006a1458bb7abd1cccff38fa7",
            "input": "In the prologue to this work, the fool says to the audience, \"May I May I Lord! Gentlemen, a nest of memories\". One character in this work sings the arias \"Qual fiamma avea nel guardo\" and \"Stridono lassu\" to frighten and then comfort another character, who would later call out \"I will always be yours! \" to her lover, despite the fact that she is married to the character who sings the aria \"Vesti la glubba\". At the end of this work, the title character exclaims, \"The play is over! \" after stabbing his wife, Nedda, and her lover, Silvio. For 10 pointsname this work in which Canio is the head of an acting troupe and plays a clown, an opera by Ruggero Leoncavallo.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b37e8234f6a42c3b2f71d69e5113aa4",
            "input": "With Albert Hunold, this man co-founded the Mount Pelerin Society, which was dedicated to the preservation of free societies. His Abuse of Reason project criticized social scientists' misuse of natural science principles, a practice he called \"scientism. \"  He wrote a critical review of Keyenes's A Treatise on Money, and Keynes returned the favor for this man's Prices and Production. His trade cycle theory was popular during the Great Depression, but he is most famous for a work in which he argues that socialist ideals lead to tyrrany, and that Nazi Germany and the USSR were on the titular journey. FTP, name this Austrian who shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Economics with Gunnar Myrdal, the author of The Road to Serfdom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-747f089153a04e6b805680d9085d364c",
            "input": "Preparations included the construction of the Zoan Church earthworks, and it began with the decimation of the 11th Corps under Oliver Howard. At the same time as the main action of this battle, Marye's Heights was taken from Jubal Early by John Sedgwick, but Sedgwick could not advance further than Salem Church to aid the Union effort here. This battle occurred after Lee challenged the crossing of Kelly's Ford by Hooker and resulted in Hooker pulling back across the Rappahannock. FTP, name this battle which featured the accidental death of Stonewall Jackson.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c0fcc1409bee4aafac92981c7ec84e4a",
            "input": "This artist painted works like The Herring Net and West Point from his studio in Prout's Neck. An unconscious figure is rescued on a zip line in one work, and a solitary farmer holds a scythe in front of a sea of wheat in another. This artist of The Life Line and The Veteran in a New Field painted four men with hats looking left on a tilting sailboat called the Gloucester. A group of boys link arms in front of a farmhouse playing the title game in (*) Snap the Whip. One painting by this artist of Breezing Up sees a dark-skinned man resting on a boat as sharks surround him. For 10 points, name this American painter of The Gulf Stream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d82816ffdf345fe833b77a58b05ad4b",
            "input": "He never married, and was succeeded on the throne by his incompetent brother, Constantine VIII. Eldest son of Romanus II, the first thirteen years of his actual reign were overshadowed by revolts by Bardas Scleros and Bardas Phocas. Theoretically emperor from early childhood, his developing years were spent in the shadow of Nicephoras Phocas and John Tzimices. Defeated in 986 by a force under Samuel at Trajan's Gate, his subsequent military campaigns until his 1025 death were all victorious. He conquered Armenia to the east, but is more often associated with the peoples to the west whom he massacred. FTP, name this Byzantine emperor, often given the title \"the Bulgar-slayer. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37875207c44548bdbbdfe76697d7e908",
            "input": "Time independent forms of this quantity can be modeled as a power law with the Ostwald-de Waele equation, where n greater than one means the material is dilatant. This quantity is large when convective acceleration can be neglected, allowing Stokes's law to be applied to a spherical object. For a dilute gas, this quantity is proportional to the square root of temperature in a theory named for Chapman and Enskog. This quantity can be measured with a Zahn cup in one industry, and in units of Saybolt Universal Seconds in the petroleum industry. Its (*) kinematic form is equal to its dynamic form divided by its density. Body armor has a unique shear thickening form of this quantity, because in non-Newtonian materials this quantity changes with applied stress. Stokes law gives the drag associated with this quantity. For 10 points, name this property of a fluid that describes resistance to flow.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-663f1629bb2141d192916030390b8ae5",
            "input": "This authors essay New Mexico claims that his trips to that state were the greatest experience from the outside world he ever had. His other nonfiction works include Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious and Movements in European History, while his frequently anthologized poems include Snake and How Beastly the Bourgeoisie Is. He began to write the novel The Lost Girl in Italy after emigrating there with his wife, Frieda von Richthofen, but may be better known for a work about Christs resurrection, The Man Who Died, and a set of two novels whose characters he based partly on John Middleton Murray and Katherine Mansfield. FTP, name this British novelist of Aarons Rod, The Rainbow and Lady Chatterleys Lover.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ed72d2130104bc49f4ba2e4e21d60d6",
            "input": "This quantity can be calculated using the Eyring equation. This quantity for a reaction can be determined by finding the slope of inverse temperature versus the natural logarithm of the rate constant, and it appears in the numerator of the exponentiated term of the Arrhenius equation. Catalysts increase the rate of a reaction by lowering this quantity, which is represented by a steep increase on a potential energy curve. For 10 points, name this quantity, the minimum amount of energy input required for a reaction to take place.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ccbcfb10bd143bb93d69f77a0be4d23",
            "input": "One character in this work sings \"La calunnia  un venticello\" to suggest a way to get rid of the male protagonist, however, he and the primary antagonist of this opera are made fun of when the protagonist later escapes arrest with the singing of \"Fredda ed immobile. \" Don Basilio's inability to keep Lindoro away leads to his being forced to take a bribe later in the work or take two bullets in the head, after the man called Lindoro again gains entry to the same house disguised as a singing tutor. The title character of this work, during his first appearance, sings an aria that includes the famous repetition of his name, \"Largo al factotum,\" and later he serves as a witness along with Lindoro on a document initially intended for Doctor Bartolo. For 10 points, name this opera that ends with the marriage of Rosina and Count Almaviva, all due to the efforts of Figaro, composed by Gioachino Rossini.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c9c5f9c8310245c2be0582408d141917",
            "input": "In the 1890s, this island's economy took off due to the Mount Lyell copper mine. A campaign to stop a hydroelectric dam near Lake Pedder on this island inspired one of the first Green Parties in the world. A preface to H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds indicates that it was inspired by genocide on this island. An eccentric art museum on this island contains a wall of 151 sculptures of vaginas, as well as Wim Delvoye's Cloaca Professional, which excretes feces every day. That museum was founded by David Walsh and is called the (*) Museum of Old and New Art. In 1996, Martin Bryant killed 35 people on this island. The South Esk and Derwent are the two chief rivers on this island, which was the site of the horrifically genocidal Black War. It is separated from Victoria by the Bass Strait. For 10 points, name this island off the Australian coast.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f33eb8c068f4b61933f604f4a5c4548",
            "input": "This man's doctor, Claude Gubler, published the book Le Grand Secret, which showed that this man had been hiding reports of cancer for over a decade. This man gave the famed La Baule speech, in which he criticized his nation's intervention in its former colonies. He attempted to nationalize his country's banks four months after his election to his highest post, part of his 110 Propositions. (*) Jacques Chirac served as this man's third Prime Minister from 1986 to 1988, during \"cohabitation,\" as Chirac opposed this man's Socialist party. For 10 points, name this man who served as President of France from 1981 to 1995.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f3f20c7011e425faade20bd394871a9",
            "input": "author created a character who loves the country girl \"Bet Bouncer,\" while another of this man's characters has his marriage to Arabella Wilmot broken up by her father's financial prudence. This creator of Tony Lumpkin ended one of his plays with the female lead betrothed to Charles Marlow, while another novel by this man ends with the revelation that Olivia is really married to the libertine Squire Thornhill. This author created such characters as Dr. Charles Primrose, a clergyman who goes bankrupt, and Kate Hardcastle, who engages in the titular action of one work by posing as a barmaid. For 10 points, name this British author of She Stoops to Conquer and The Vicar of Wakefield.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37212518e1ed49cf8b07917730dad2ba",
            "input": "Forces loyal to this ruler won the Battle of Depford Bridge, crushing the Cornish Rebellion, and shortly after coming to power this ruler had to put down a rebellion led by Viscount Lovell and the Stafford Brothers. This king's Lord Chancellor implemented a tax policy known as \"Morton's Fork\", and he signed a trade agreement with the Dutch known as the \"Intercursus Magnus\", as well as the Treaty of Medina Del Campo with Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, by which a Spanish princess was to marry his eldest son, Arthur. Originally of Welsh descent, he landed in England in opposition to Richard III. For ten points, name this victor of the Battle of Bosworth Field, the first Tudor King of England.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2945a90bd30e4c5892e1c42d0e02a82e",
            "input": "This work, which compares fortune to a flooding river, stresses that fortune is the opposite of prowess. In chapter 19 of this work, Septimius Severus is said to emulate both a lion and a fox. This book, which distinguishes between hereditary and ecclesiastical principalities, was a follow-up to its author's earlier Discourses on Livy, which described the ideal republic. This book, which is dedicated to Lorenzo de' Medici, claims that it is better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved. For 10 points, name this political treatise by Niccolo Machiavelli.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b38c814aede84162a259fdb86cb8fea3",
            "input": "The autocorrelation function is related by the Fourier transform to the spectral density of this quantity according to the Weiner-Kinchin theorem. In the relativistic limit, this quantity is proportional to the sixth power of the Lorentz gamma. One formula giving this quantity is integrated between two time periods in order to give the magnitude of the radiation reaction, and states that it is proportional to charge squared times acceleration squared. Those expressions are named for Lienard and (*) Larmor. Equating the input and output value of this quantity is used to derive the mechanical advantage. This quantity is given by the integral of the dot product of force and velocity, or the derivative of work with respect to time. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in watts.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5bce3c6e4d39485f8e70dc4bee721e11",
            "input": "This man wrote a poem whose ninth book tells the story of Byblis, who falls in love with her own twin brother, and of Iphis, who on the advice of Isis, is raised as a boy. One of his works takes the form of letters written by jilted heroines to their lovers. In a work composed of elegiac couplets that inspired a later sequel that lists \"Remedies\", he claimed that \"as Chiron was to Achilles,\" he was to (*) Cupid. This poet, who wrote a book whose final episode before its epilogue is the apotheosis of Julius Caesar, penned the Tristia during his exile to the Black Sea. A book by this author of Heroides and Ars Amatoria includes the episodes of Diana and Actaeon, Apollo and Daphne, and other tales of transformation. For 10 points, name this Roman poet of the Metamorphoses.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c19d011d52d4b609799427fab7dc642",
            "input": "Field-induced Neel ordering with magnons in antiferromagnets is an example of this. The wave function of this can be described by an equation that adds a term based on the scattering length and the Dirac delta function to the Schrodinger equation; that equation is named for Gross and Pitaevskii. The superfluidity of He-4 was eventually determined to be caused by this substance being dispersed in the liquid, and the one created by Wolfgang Ketterle had about a hundred times more atoms than the first one created. Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman won the 2001 Nobel Prize for the discovery of, for ten points, this state of matter, the namesake of an Indian and a German physicist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dede0e636f784a82a1a7601237a729ff",
            "input": "One subtype of these cells are dysfunctional in IPEX syndrome, and one receptor on them is targeting by the OKT3 monoclonal antibody. Their development is aided by co-stimulatory CD28 signals, and they are activated following LAT phosphorylation by ZAP70. Their development is the subject of the Differential Avidity Hypothesis, and TSLP is responsible for activating the dendritic cells that educate them; that compound is secreted from Hassal's corpuscles. CD3 is present on their surface, and during development they interact with epithelial reticular cells to undergo rigid positive and negative selection against self-antigens, which ends with them either expressing CD8 or CD4 receptors. Coming in suppressor, cytotoxic, and macrophage-activated helper varieties, for 10 points, name this type of lymphocytes that matures in the thymus that are distinct from B cells.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e242f94356b4629b8c1a107a22238c5",
            "input": "offshoot of this denomination known as \"The Dawn\" evangelized through a radio question and answer program called Frank and Ernest. This sect rented eighty movie theaters in 1914 to play an eight hour long Photo-Drama of Creation all around the United States. Many of the modern ideas of this denomination, including the belief that Jesus was killed on a stake instead of a cross, were shaped by \"Judge\" Rutherford. This faith has its origins in the Adventist beliefs of Charles Taze Russell, whose work led to predictions of the end of \"the time of the gentiles\" in 1914, 1925, and 1975, and claimed that 144,000 people would be lifted up to heaven. This religion prohibits saluting a flag or receiving or giving blood transfusion and spreads its beliefs through publications like Awake! and The Watchtower. For 10 points, name this Christian denomination whose practitioners are known for knocking on doors and giving out literature.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e68541f0c5894fe595b94ce2ed0abb97",
            "input": "Pausanias relates that a fisherman recovered a giant bone attributed to this figure, some of whose remains were lost at sea while being brought from Pisa to Troy. This lover of Poseidon exiled his surviving sons after they killed their brother Chrysippus. Because this man was insufficiently confident in his horsemanship, he bribed his opponent's charioteer to damage that opponent's wheels. This man, who thus caused the death of Oenomaus, did not suffer from the curse that ensued after he killed the charioteer Myrtilus as well, but rather had many children with the wife he won, Hippodamia. After a mistake by the distracted Demeter, this man's missing shoulder had to be replaced with ivory. For 10 points, name this father of Thyestes and Atreus, whose own father Tantalus attempted to serve him to the gods at a feast.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1ce56f1c41640d7a3ece5a153937a55",
            "input": "The first two nominees to investigate this event were Silas Strawn and Thomas Gregory, but their names were withdrawn. Later, a team of Pomerene and Roberts were appointed to investigate this event, which led to the Supreme Court case of McGrain v. Daugherty. The initial Senate investigation was led by Thomas Walsh. People involved in this affair were Edward Doheny, who escaped criminal prosecution, and Harry Sinclair. One person implicated was Edwin Denby, the Secretary of the Navy, and this event partially involved land in Elk Hills, California. FTP, name this scandal that led to the jailing of Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall, which involved the leasing of oil fields in Wyoming, and was the chief scandal of the Harding administration.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bbfc86ef7bf46a2996ed73b100fb006",
            "input": "The enzyme LCAT catalyzes the formation of an ester from this compound. Intermediates in the synthesis of this compound include squalene [SKWAY-leen] and mevalonate [muh-VAL-uh-nate], the latter of which is produced by HMG-CoA reductase. Vitamin D is formed from the 7-dehydro form of this compound, which reduces membrane fluidity. This compound, which is transported to the liver by high-density lipoprotein, is linked to heart disease. For 10 points, name this compound whose amount in the blood is lowered by statins such as Crestor and Lipitor.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c245f20e702402f803f52aa73dd6e70",
            "input": "Along with Paul Hollander, this man published The Murder They Heard about the murder of Kitty Genovese, while his studies on The Familiar Stranger: An Aspect of Urban Anonymity appeared in Psychology Today. He worked with cameras in the works Candid Camera and Image-Freezing Machine, and his small world experiment gave rise to the notion of six degrees of separation. He published Obedience and Authority: An Experimental View to describe variations of an experiment he conducted at Yale in 1961. FTP, name this psychologist whose most famous experiment saw its participants willingly obey orders to administer 450-volt shocks.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09807956772d40238287cf9e859527b8",
            "input": "XTC's final studio album included a song about a wounded one of these things, and their album English Settlement has cover art featuring one of these things. A song about these things states that \"First I'm gonna make it/Then I'm gonna break it\" and is \"Bring on the Dancing (these things)\" by Echo and the Bunnyman. A song about these things _segues into a cover of \"Land of a Thousand Dances,\" mentions a band called the Twistlettes, and describes Johnny seeing these things coming in all directions. Although the song was an instrumental in which the title artist did not participate, _Cliff Nobles received a gold record for a song named for one of these. An album with a cover of Van Morrison's \"Gloria\" is named for these things and was the debut effort of Patti Smith. points, name this type of animal, wild ones of which were described in a Rolling Stones song and one with no name was sung about by America.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6567347f33f44f3991c464f8907b3f7",
            "input": "One device named for this man is used in optical isolators and is governed in part by the Verdet constant. That device, known as his rotator, makes use of his eponymous effect, whereby ferromagnetic resonance leads to circular birefringence to change the polarization angle of light upon application of a magnetic field. One law named for him makes use of his eponymous constant, which has a value of about 96,000 Coulombs per mole. Another law named for him concerns the relationship between the time derivative of magnetic flux and the electromotive force it generates. For 10 points, identify this namesake of a law of induction and of the SI unit for capacitance.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e7f14982de07413ea04936ced671a86f",
            "input": "This deity was forced to serve Admetus (add-MEE-tuss) after killing the Cyclops that killed his son. This deity killed the sons of a certain women who boasted to this god's mother about having 14 children; that woman is Niobe (nye-OH-bee). He pursued Daphne until she was turned into a laurel tree and played a lyre created for him by Hermes. For 10 points, name this Greek god of music and poetry, the twin brother of Artemis.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8498fbec8ddf450b9482979b97b1923a",
            "input": "This poet wrote \"None can do Treason to us, except one of us two\" in his work celebrating one   year of love, \"The Anniversary\". Another work by this poet compares two lovers to the ends of a  compass, saying \"Thy firmness makes my circle just.\" This writer's prose in Devotions upon Emergent    Occasions  supplied the title for Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls. This poet of \"A Valediction:  Forbidding Mourning\" wrote a work addressed to something that he claims \"shall be no more\". Name  this metaphysical poet whose Holy Sonnets  includes the poem beginning \"Death be not proud\" and  who wrote \"No man is an island.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ef14ff5e0fc47e8a9bd657fe2810629",
            "input": "A deadly avian adenovirus causes the \"marble\" disease that affects this organ, and,it is completely absent in Ivemark syndrome. Deletions in 7q31-32 give rise to a lymphoma of its marginal zone, and it contains the cords of Billroth between its sinusoid vessels. It is surrounded by a fibroelastic and serous coats. This organ contains Malphigian corpuscles that contain germinal centers for lymphocyte production. Its marginal zone separates its red pulp and white pulp, and it can become enlarged as a result of diseases like Gaucher's and Epstein-Barr. Notably sequestered in sickle-cell anemia, for 10 points, identify this organ of the lymphatic system in which erythrocytes are both destroyed and stored.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76bc72d726bf4cc4a7378c189766f3f3",
            "input": "In antenna theory it can be obtained from the superposition of one turn of the helical antenna translated along the z-axis. Its physical significance was demonstrated in an experiment in which a shielded solenoid produced interference in an external (*) field-free region. Since its divergence has no physical significance, the Lorenz gauge can be used to separate it from the electric scalar potential and its nature was elucidated in the Aharonov-Bohm experiment. For 10 points, name this vector field with a curl that equals the magnetic field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4749549354504a14a8ec8963c7081840",
            "input": "One account of this battle by a monk of St. Denis notes that one side was unable to use their crossbowmen because of the narrowness of the field. Ysembart was able to seize the personal treasures of one commander of this battle, which led to the other sides prisoners being massacred en masse. Michael de la Pole and Edward of Norwich died at this battle. This battle, fought near Tramecourt, featured a notable use of longbows protected by palings on the English side and was fought on a recently plowed and therefore incredibly muddy field. For ten points, identify this defeat for the French under Charles dAlbret which was prominently featured in Henry V, a battle of the Hundred Years War fought on St. Crispins Day, 1415.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66fe7189408a41298947727099222ead",
            "input": "Two large crows descend upon the title animal, which is running through the snow leaving a trail, in this artist's Fox Hunt. A man in a straw field carrying a scythe in his right arm gazes into the distance in his Song of the Lark. A boy sits with the rudder controls of a ship called the Gloucester in on of his paintings; while in another work a lone black man reclines in a boat being swarmed by sharks. For 10 points, name this American painter of The Gulf Stream and Breezing Up.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18a5531d519f45b79a16856e26636c5b",
            "input": "One novel by this author deals with the ill-stricken Milly Theale and the impact she has on the people around her. In addition to the novels, The Wings of the Dove, The Bostonians and The Ambassadors, this author wrote of a work in which Miles and Flora encounter the ghosts of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel. In this author's most famous work, Isabel Archer rejects the hand of Caspar Goodwin and accepts Gilbert Osmond's proposal of marriage. For 10 points, name this American writer of works such as Daisy Miller, The Turn of the Screw, and Portrait of a Lady.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd06de91aea648d69bceedfee6599d86",
            "input": "This event was sparked by the passing six years earlier of the Law Against Sacrilege, which doled out increasing criminal penalties for theft or profanation of holy objects or vessels containing holy objects. A petition drafted in the midst of this event by men like Casimir Perier and Georges Mouton was quickly rebuffed by Auguste Marmont. Most immediately, it was caused by a set of documents which placed censorship orders on the press, drafted by the newly appointed Jules de Polignac. His attempt to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies resulted in the storming of the Hotel de Ville during the \"Three Glorious Days\" after the drafting of some namesake ordinances in this event. For 10 points, name this uprising by which King Charles X was forced into exile and replaced with Louis-Philippe in 1830, and which bears the name of a certain month.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4afa42b5242f465395d8bd2309037ab3",
            "input": "This novel's central character ponders an alternative to his misery while hearing \"Some of These Days\" at the Railwaymen's Rendezvous, before which his former lover describes her satisfaction as a \"kept\" woman. The Corsican punches one of this novel's characters, causing a nosebleed as tries to read all of the books in a library in alphabetical order. The narrator of this novel spends years in (*) Bouville working on the biography of the Marquis de Rollebon, a project that he considers futile after losing both the love of his life, Anny, and his only friend, The Self-Taught Man. This novel ends with a planned move to Paris by diarist Antoine Roquentin. For 10 points, name this novel by Jean-Paul Sartre about a \"sweetish sickness\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d4d81921a2a4491aa973611aa3a82956",
            "input": "Fletcher Brown was mayor during this event. Local Nation Lawyers' Guild president Robert Kenney led one investigation of this event, while Jack Tenney, the head of HUAC, led another investigation to uncover any links to the Axis powers. It was sparked by war time restrictions on the amount of fabric that could be used for a (*) style of clothing that featured high waist pants, a long coat, and a pork pie hat, all of which was favored by recent Mexican immigrants. For 10 points, name this series of 1943 riots in Los Angeles.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08e63120616248f1b367ac2b8fd4b0db",
            "input": "The title charter of one of his poems was \"tarred and feathered and carried in a cart / by the women of Marblehead. \" In addition to \"Barclay of Ury\" and \"Skipper Iresons Ride,\" he discussed the tradition of putting a black cloth over a hive in \"Telling the Bees. \" Another poem he wrote discussed a family that is trapped in their house due to a storm. For 10 points, name this author of Snowbound, who wrote \"Shoot if you must this gray old head / But spare your countrys flag,\" in \"Barbara Frietchie. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e08b424c9b8948a4acb04f890f2934e6",
            "input": "An RNA polymerase from one of these organisms is commonly used in in vitro transcription experiments, and one well-studied example of these organisms uses the Q antiterminator to transcribe its structural components. Benzer's rII system uses these organisms for single-nucleotide mutation mapping, and the Phi-X-174 example of these organisms was the first to have its genome (*) sequenced. These organisms carry genetic information between cells in transduction. These organisms were labeled with 32P and 35S in the experiment that showed that DNA is the substance that stores genetic information, performed by Hersey and Chase. These organisms use their tail proteins as an injection mechanism. For 10 points, name these viruses that infect bacteria.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91f29fdd510446ae8396234fbbec8e2d",
            "input": "One thinker from this country wrote a work on the role of God in European history titled The First World Chronicle. A man from this country named Boethius was a 13th century Scholastic thinker associated with the Averroist school. One Linguist from this country deciphered the Orkhon Inscriptions, unlocking the secrets of early Turkish orthography, while another Linguist from this country discovered that certain voiceless stops were voiced in early Proto-Germanic, explaining an anomaly in Grimms Law. Apart from Vilhelm Thomsen and Karl Verner, this country was also home to a man who wrote Practice in Christianity and The Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates; that man also edited the writings of the mysterious Anti-Climacus about dispair, the titular condition in The Sickness Unto Death. For ten points, name this homeland of Soren Kierkegaard.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8dc73949ab0e447ea79974c2e33f9576",
            "input": "It begins in Scythia, in a locale characterized as \"the world's limit an untrodden desolation. \"  The title character doesn't speak until after Kratus and Bia, or Might and Violence, have left, soon after which he is visited by a Chorus of Ocean Nymphs, who like Hephaestus sympathize with the title character. It is to Oceanus that the title character recounts his tale, beginning with the war between the Gods and Titans. FTP, name this Aeschylus play about the tortured Titan whose foresight helped him give hope and fire to Man.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d99769c11c74b4a84a24e5d155f8888",
            "input": "Mrs. Erlynne had left her family to run off with a man who in turn abandoned her. Therefore, she does not want her daughter to make a similar mistake. Unfortunately, because of the attention her daughter's husband has given to her, the daughter decides to run off with Lord Darlington. Erlynne convinces the title character not to act so rashly, then claims ownership of the title object to save her daughter's reputation. For 10 points, name this Oscar Wilde comedy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd16746ec30d44b18dcbf989d5998d10",
            "input": "In January 2012, in this nation, a French TV reporter was killed while reporting from a pro-government rally in this nation's city of Homs. Unrest there was triggered by the arrest and torture of students in Dara'a, which was not quelled by offers of political reform by its president. For 10 points, name this nation where the government of Bashar Al-Assad is struggling with protests.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c690b6a7c074b24bfea82188c486b74",
            "input": "Performing a Wick rotatition of the time coordinate reduces the Feynman kernel to a functional which is similar to this quantity. The symmetry number is an overcounting correction factor that appears along with some power of the rotation temperature in the denominator for ones representing rotational energies. Its value for a system composed of several subsystems equals the product of its values for the subsystems, which implies that the Helmholtz free energy is additive over subsystems since the Helmholtz free energy is proportional to its logarithm. This quantity can also be thought of as a normalization constant since it is simply the integral over all states of the degeneracy factor times e to the negative beta times the energy of that microstate. For 10 points, name this quantity whose \"canonical\" form simply equals the sum over states of Boltzmann factors, and describes the macroscopic properties of a thermodynamic system.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea5f1a8c710d4e879e93faa11db3f952",
            "input": "A scordatura g-sharp-D-A-E-flat violin section characterizes one of this man's works, which features the movements \"Relaxation\" and \"Recruiting Dance. \" One of this man's works has the violinist play on the G and D strings to imitate the voice of a bear and opens with the movement \"Bagpipers. \" Besides Contrasts and Sonatina on Themes from Transylvania, he produced songs like \"Red Apple\" following an influential performance by Lidi Dosa. His early performances of Strauss' Ein Heldenleben inspired the patriotic symphonic poem, Kossuth, while with Zoltan Kodaly he put out an \"appeal\" to his people, resulting in collections like For Children. Also known for ballets like The Wooden Prince and The Miraculous Mandarin, for 10 points, name this composer who collected many folk songs from his native Hungary, also known for the opera, Duke Bluebeard's Castle.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2eeb5ea0a8204c9b8842cf33d2c29ca4",
            "input": "A quantity analogous to this effect in electrodynamics is called the Christofel voltage, while large motions restored by it were found by Carl Rossby. The Etvs effect accounts for its vertical component, and Buys-Ballot's Law is a result of this effect in areas of different pressure. Present only in non-inertial frames of reference, this effect was also considered when Laplace derived his tidal equations, and it influences the rotation of sunspots and the circulation of the atmosphere. Proportional to the cross product of the angular frequency and velocity, this is, FTP, which force that describes the tendency of a body to drift away from its course due to the Earth's rotation",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-27975754f20a441ba7200d4e6cc4ea03",
            "input": "The opinion on this case asked whether it could be classified as an instance of damnum absque injuria, and the Chief Justice wrote that \"the Government of the United States has been emphatically termed a government of laws, and not of men.\" William Cushing and Alfred Moore did not take part in the ruling on this case, which found, in part, that the Supreme Court does not have the (*) original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus. The namesake of this case had been appointed justice of the peace in the District of Columbia, as one of John Adams' \"Midnight Judges.\" It declared a clause of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional, making it the first piece of legislation to be overturned by the Supreme Court. FTP, name this 1803 Supreme Court case which established the concept of judicial review.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c765a4c79164c5ebd37aa4870d5be43",
            "input": "This monarch appointed Robert Cecil to serve as secretary of state for 40 years, and after suspending Archbishop Grendal, this monarch appointed Archbishop Whitgift in his place. Significant legislation passed under this monarchs reign include the Acts of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity, and this monarch was the subject of the Babington Plot. Pius V excommunicated this monarch, and Gregory XIII declared that it would not be a mortal sin to assassinate her. After her father, Henry VIII died, her sister Mary ruled until this monarch took over. For ten points, identify this British monarch until her death in 1603, popularly known as the Virgin Queen.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13b28c74d0e242c796d3284a2c2c1b26",
            "input": "In this conflict, the late arrival of Adhemar of Lu Puy's force forced the retreat of one side during one battle. Duqaq began to desert Kerbogha after Bohemond gained an advantage at the Battle of Orontes, and Walter the Penniless met Peter the Hermit in Constantinople after the former led a group in sacking Belgrade. Eventually ending at Ascalon, it resulted in the creation the County of Edessa by Baldwin and was originally a response to Alexius I's appeal for aid, but it resulted in the victorious army winning battles at Nicaea and Dorylaeum before needing seven months to take Antioch. Begun by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095 , this is, FTP, which 1099 campaign that ended with the capture of Jerusalem",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7997cbb2cb4745eda2b80f10da0b2dc5",
            "input": "Triangular patterns can be seen on the hat of one figure in this painting who wears a set of beads with a cross, and diagonal lines connect the eyes of the two most prominent figures of this painting, one of whom feeds the other a flower. A face peeks out of an orthodox church in the background of this work whose top right contains five houses, two of which are upside down. A woman can be seen milking a goat, and in another portion, a man with a scythe walks to the right as an upside down woman points the way. Depicting the artist's hometown in Vitebsk, Belarus, for 10 points, name this painting by Marc Chagall.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3878ec9b3b246dd9a1a18e722fc1d14",
            "input": "A shadowy servant clasps her hands in prayer in this artist's painting of Judith and Holofernes, while his portrait of the royal family depicts them with idiotic eyes. An angry mob attacks horsed men in his painting of the Charge of the Mamelukes, intended to go along with a painting whose Christ- like central figure raises his arms in front of a Napoleonic (*) firing squad. This artist painted a scene from Greek mythology on the wall of his house, in which a wild-eyed man holds a bloody headless body near his face. For ten points, identify this artist of The Third of May, 1808, whose Black Paintings include Saturn Devouring His Son.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7c63de0b267492b859f6a5988f77265",
            "input": "When properly optimized, the Sieve of Atkins is a modern method for finding them that is faster than the ancient Sieve of Eratosthenes. There are infinitely many of them, and the Riemann hypothesis and Goldbach conjecture speculate on their distribution and the expression on integers as pairs of them, respectively. Really large ones factor into the RSA encryption method commonly used for secure internet transactions while special ones identified by Mersenne are equal to one less than 2 raised to certain powers. 2 is the only even example of, for 10 points each, what numbers whose factors consist only of 1 and themselves",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e6eb38eade94f2d8eeb4eeabd1c655e",
            "input": "This man opened one work by musing that the twentieth century \"was the century of fear\" and arguing that individual humans must resist murdering or serving as accomplices to murder. In a more famous work, this man described \"my revolt, my freedom, and my passion,\" the consequences of grappling with reality in its true state. Later in that work, this man analyzed the lives of the \"seducer, actor, conqueror, and artist,\" the four examples of the so-called absurd life, before closing with an illustration of a figure filled with \"silent joy\" to see a rock rolling. For ten points, name this French writer of the essay collection Neither Victims Nor Executioners, who also proclaimed the Greek figure condemned to ceaselessly push a rock back and forth \"happy\" in his book The Myth of Sisyphus and wrote the novel The Stranger.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-932829219fb5441e826e21a5d8aa82b7",
            "input": "In 1935 Benjamin Britten wrote incidental music to the play, a few centuries after Henry Purcell set the Masque of Cupid and Bacchus. Apemantus is a churlish philosopher; Ventidius is one of the false friends; Sempronius, Lucullus, and Lucius are flattering lords; and Flavius is the \"one honest man. \"  The title character is a misanthrope because his friends flattered and sponged on him in prosperity but abandoned him in poverty, while later he finds gold and suddenly becomes attractive again to his old friends again. FTP identify this 1606 play by William Shakespeare.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fedcb5ee62d4494aba707ed89e7f16f2",
            "input": "One of his earliest works describes the misadventures of a purple knight riding a horse that looks vaguely like an armadillo. Minor characters in other works include the Learned English Dog, Webb Traverse and Teddy Bloat. His short stories include such works such as Entropy and The Secret Integration, and are collected in Slow Learner. Better known works include one where Dr. Hilarious goes insane while Oedipa Maas searches for Trystero, and another labyrinthine work that describes Tyrone Slothrop's search across Europe for the V2 rocket 00000. For ten points, name this famously reclusive author of The Crying of Lot 49 and Gravity's Rainbow.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6060e64a1f5486fb450401176b8915c",
            "input": "It was contrasted with vulgar trompe-loeil by Carlo Carr, and in his The Art of Noise, Luigi Russolo addresses a great composer of this style. Giacomo Balla expounded upon its universe and his Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash was representative of the movement. F.T. Marinetti wrote of its founding and manifesto while Boccionis The City Rises and Unique Forms of Continuity in Space are further examples of this artistic style. For 10 points, what is this style, founded in Italy, which embraced the speed, noise, and machines of modern life.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-55990397e80844538e157d1dc8dc61e9",
            "input": "In the form of Nicippe, the priestess of a grove at Dotium, this figure threw the curse of perpetual hunger upon the man who tried to chop down her grove, Erysichthon. With the titan Iasius she produced the children Philomelus and Ploutus. In another story, she assumes the form of the old woman Doso and her (*) sadness is alleviated somewhat by the jokes of Iambe, after which she bathes a baby boy in fire every night in order to burn away his mortality. This stay in the house of Demophoon' parents is described in the Homeric hymn to this figure which describes the foundation of the Eleusinian mysteries. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess who gave Triptolemus a plow and some other agricultural tools, and who was the mother of Persephone.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5a96133231f418fbe90be3a925d6aa6",
            "input": "This author wrote a short story in which Farrington is abused at work and takes out his anger by beating up his son. In another work, he wrote of a political debate between the protagonist's father and Dante Riordan during Christmas dinner. This author wrote a short story about a boy who falls in love with Mangan's sister and wishes to buy her something from the title bazaar. This author of \"Counterparts\" and \"Araby\" created Stephen Dedalus, the protagonist of his A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. For 10 points, name this author of Dubliners and Ulysses.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-726eb28a52db48c096e76e052fdf2c26",
            "input": "Members of this organization identify one another by asking \"\"AYAK\"\" and replying \"\"AKIA. \"\" Revived in 1915 by William Simmons, this \"\"invisible empire\"\" was significantly weakened after Congress passed the Force Bill in 1871. In its heyday, it intimidated people by burning crosses near their homes. Led by a Grand Wizard, this organization sprang up to attack freed slaves after the Civil War. For 10 points, name this American terrorist organization whose members wear white robes and whose name is often abbreviated to the KKK.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b571c42ec7949d0838d6447336de897",
            "input": "Producer of the Ram tank based on the American M3 tank, during World War II, its commanders included Andrew McNaughten and Henry Crerar, while its most notable commander during World War I was Arthur Currie. During that war, its forces were regarded as an elite force and left alone by the Germans after the Battle of Vimy Ridge, and ships in its navy included the Athabaskan, Nootka, Micmac, and Haida, which is preserved at Hamilton. Its 3rd Infantry Division was the primary landing force at Juno Beach during Normandy landings, and in 1945, it possessed the world's third-largest navy. FTP, name this Commonwealth country.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70852cf3dc1c4ed09f02bd1aa60b4acd",
            "input": "In one of this composer's operas, one character sings the aria Vy starenko expressing jealousy of his half-brother, the chorus sings the protagonist's favorite song Daleko siroko, and a repeated xylophone motif represents the turning of a mill-wheel. In another opera based on Alexander Ostrovsky's The Storm, the title character cheats on her husband Tichon with Boris and drowns herself in the Volga. In another opera, Kristina burns the formula for an elixir of life given to her by an ancient opera star who causes the suicide of Janek, Emilia Marty. The anti-conscription song Vseci za zenija is sung in another opera after Steva escapes conscription, and that opera sees Laca disfigure the face of the titular character, whose baby is drowned by Kostelnicka, before gradually winning her love. FTP, name this Czech composer of Kata Kabanova, The Makropulos Affair, and Jenufa.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96b8ad3d21b044f6b52f27622cb6b892",
            "input": "This author wrote about a character who destroys a ship on which Ippolito Nievo is traveling to destroy some documents in his novel centering on Simone Simonini. He also wrote a novel in which an editor sorts through the papers of a man named Roberto della Griva who is shipwrecked near the International Date Line. This author of The Prague Cemetery and The Island of the Day Before wrote a novel in which Belbo, Diotallevi and Casaubon develop the plan and another in which the murder of Adelmo of Otranto is investigated by Adso of Melk and William of Baskerville. For 10 points, name this author of Foucault's Pendulum and The Name of the Rose.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9dcdb521a99a47c2a67d09a6837d8570",
            "input": "The last ruler of this polity died when his heart disappeared after a mysterious huckster advertised cheap, stemless cabbages, according to the novel Fengshen Yanyi. One of its capitals was at Zhengzhou, while its last capital was located at Yinxu, near modern Anyang. One ruler of this dynasty, Di Xin, immolated himself and his palace after the disastrous defeat at Muye. A later prince of this dynasty, Jizi, founded a kingdom in Korea, while other descendants of its rulers continued to rule the state of Song, based around its first capital. Seeing the prominence of a supreme god known as Di, it is known for elaborate bronze working, and its history is largely based on numerous oracle bones. Finally overthrown by the emperor Wu, and beginning when Tang deposed Jie, the last emperor of the Xia dynasty, for 10 points, identify this Chinese dynasty, which proceeded the Zhou.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1731ec75e884e79b824ed45a9dcde5a",
            "input": "The songs \"But who may abide\" and \"How beautiful are the feet\" were changed after the premiere of this piece, which was debuted in London along with its composer's piece Samson. It was based on text prepared by Charles Jennens. It is split into three sections, which depict the Annunciation, the Passion, and the Aftermath. This work includes the aria \"I know that my redeemer liveth\" and a section that inspired King George II to stand, the \"Hallelujah Chorus. \" For 10 points, name this oratorio composed in 1741 by George Frederic Handel.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6cc30e652ba34ed7aa9a3b90d8c1caf9",
            "input": "To parody Virgil, he began his first collection of poetry with the word arma; that collection describes his affair with Corinna. This poet swore vengeance from the grave in The Litany of Maledictions, the main section of his extended curse Ibis. His lost works include Consolation to Livia and the tragedy Medea, and Callimachus Aetia inspired his unfinished poem about the Roman calendar, Fasti. His later works Letters from Pontus and Tristia were written at Tomis, where he was exiled by Augustus for what he enigmatically called carmen et error, or a poem and a mistake. Another of his poems ends with the spirit of Julius Caesar becoming a star, and describes numerous mythological transformations. FTP, name this Roman author of The Art of Love and Metamorphoses.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0fc5c1dc9bf4ca6b9ceabbc49b16bac",
            "input": "The pre-colonial history of this country included a kingdom of the Efik people at Calabar, where Mary Slessor went as a missionary. Samuel Ajayi Crowther was this nations first native bishop. Usman dan Fodio declared jihad in what would become this country, founding a sultanate at Sokoto. This country also contained the Oyo Kingdom. Olauduh Equiano was born here, and Nnamdi Azikiwe led an independence movement here. Odumegwu Ojukwu began a civil war in this country, whose colonial history was marked by palm oil trade. The Fulani and Hausa ethnic groups are prominent in this nations north, and its southeastern Igbo people created the secessionist Republic of Biafra. For 10 points, name this country, which was ruled as part of British West Africa from Lagos.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2de7af6356a142a0bd92fa5b05c6d4c4",
            "input": "One of this god's possessions changes from a Madjet to a Semektet daily, and this ancestor of all nine members of the Ennead was sometimes symbolized by the Bennu phoenix. This figure mixed some red beer and used it to pacify a bloodthirsty Sekhmet. This god was cured of a snakebite by Isis after he gave her the (*) secret name hidden in his body. Akhenaten replaced this deity's syncretization with the worship of Aten, and one of his epithets, Horakhty, means \"Horus of the Horizons\". This god rides a solar barque each night and had a center of worship at Heliopolis. For ten points, name this falcon-headed Egyptian god of the Sun.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c50a15b33ef94551abedbdb2f6b37bd5",
            "input": "Talthybius delivers unfortunate news about the fates of Astyanax and Andromache in one of this man's plays. He wrote the only surviving satyr play, in which Odysseus escapes from the lair of a one-eyed giant. This author of Cyclops and The Trojan Women wrote a play in which Cadmus sees his grandson's head mistaken for that of a mountain lion, as it is brought in by Agave. The title character of another of his plays poisons some golden robes, leading to the deaths of Glauce and Creon. Pentheus is killed by the title worshippers of Dionysus in one play by this man. For 10 points, name this Greek tragedian who wrote Medea and The Bacchae.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1179365b6d64c989b8c200405e71ef5",
            "input": "Among her lesser-known works are The Pearl of Orr's Island and Old Town Folks, both of which were based on the childhood memories of her husband, Calvin. When her friend Lady Byron died and Byron's former mistress wrote a book bashing her, she replied with the work Lady Byron Vindicated. She is better known, however, for an early novel. FTP, name this woman, the daughter of a famous evangelical preacher and the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b565e5ba11f432db2ea7b06eb347a46",
            "input": "After he drafted the constitution for the colony of Carolina, this philosopher wrote an epistolary work urging acceptance of all religions, because he believed that belief could not be compelled by violence, but nevertheless advocating the harshest punishment for atheists; that work is his Letter Concerning (*) Toleration. In another of his works, he defined property as natural resources added to labor, and that work also contained a phrase nearly quoted in the Declaration of Independence, namely, that people have the right to \"life, liberty, and Property.\" For 10 points, name this philosopher who collected his political ideas in the Two Treatises on Government.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5db154e4d2264a8ab71134b3391fd945",
            "input": "It is often called the classical companion to the artist's Vow of Louis XIII and was lambasted by Champfleury as \"insincere mannerism\" after its installation in room nine of the Musee Charles X. The artist himself can be seen peeping out from behind a pedestal, gazing at the central figure, which is flanked by a man holding a sword and another holding an oar in a triangular composition. Boileau, Racine and Moliere appear, but only in half-portrait, and men holding out a lyre, mallets, and scroll, represent Pindar, Phidias and Aeschylus, respectively. Based on a Hellenistic relief by Archelaus of Priene, the painter's master, David, is notably absent, but Tasso appears in the lower-left corner as does a cropped portrait of Shakespeare. FTP, name this painting by Ingres depicting the author of the Iliad being raised to godhood.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bee695fc29fb4b74b53286031ec82672",
            "input": "Chunyu Zhang was murdered by Emperor Cheng as a result of this man's actions, and one rebellion against this leader was led by Wang Kuang and Wang Feng, who were part of the Lulin Mountain group. This ruler was given an albino chicken that he used to gain the title Duke of Anhan, and Some of this ruler's reforms included the well-field system, and in addition to changes geographical names this ruler established a sloth tax for unused land, which prompted the revolt of Mother Lu. This ruler served as a regent for the infant Ping and appointed Ruzi as his successor, and he seized power from the Liu family. Ousted by the revolt of the Red Eyebrows, he was succeeded by Guangwu. For 10 points, identify this usurper whose Xin dynasty interrupted the Han dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89d6269b3f604326be03227f6d16c5ce",
            "input": "A former patient of this psychologist named Roberta Carly Redford wrote a book called Crazy alleging that he was emotionally abusive when he served as the director of the Orthogenic School in Chicago. One of his controversial theories was set out in the book The Empty Fortress. His personal experiences in Nazi concentration camps informed his paper \"Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations.\" Another book by this psychologist, which begins with a section called \"A Pocketful of Magic,\" uses Freudian analysis to argue for the importance of fairy tales to children. He subscribed to the idea that autism was caused by emotionally distant mothers, or \"refrigerator mothers.\" For 10 points, name this Austrian-born psychologist who wrote The Uses of Enchantment.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0aab911dffb40ee8b246a5c277fba3e",
            "input": "A person with this name was the subject of Rolf Hochhuth's play The Deputy. That man was reportedly the target of a Karl Wolff kidnap plot, although some have argued that was merely British propaganda. During a 1942 Christmas radio address, the leader with this name stated humanity owed a vow to the thousands \"consigned to deathbecause of their nationality or race.\" In 1864, a man with this name denounced modern relativism by issuing the (*) Syllabus of Errors. That ninth man with this name became a \"prisoner\" after his city was captured by Victor Emmanuel II and also defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. For 10 points, name this name held by twelve popes, the most recent of which was criticized for remaining silent during the Holocaust.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f04fa647323e4c2ab6d3fadbf40d9ab5",
            "input": "One character in this play reads a letter which says \"Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and\\n some have greatness thrust upon 'em.\" A note in this play is forged by Maria and asks its recipient to wear\\n yellow stockings and cross garters. In this play, the sea captain Antonio becomes enraged at the supposed\\n theft of his purse and is arrested by the Duke of Ilyria. One of its subplots concerns a duel in which Andrew\\n Aguecheek and Toby Belch are wounded. A group of characters plot against the pompous steward\\n Malvolio in this play, which centers on the courts of the wealthy countess Olivia and Duke Orsino. For 10\\n points, name this Shakespeare comedy in which the twins Viola and Sebastian are separated after a\\n shipwreck.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb57a55cc9074f0c9f7d684a329a2941",
            "input": "This cultures underworld was protected by a river of scorpions and contains locations such as the dark house, cold house, and razor house. One figure in this cultures mythology is married to Chimalmat and pretends to be the sun and the moon. That figure, Vucub Caquix, is the father of the earthquake god Cabracan as well as a demon who killed four hundred boys that became stars, Zipacna. These and many other evil demons are eventually killed by Hunahpu and Xbalanque who also defeat the lords of Xibalba en route to becoming the hero twins. For ten points, name this Mesoamerican culture whose mythology can be found in the Popol Vuh.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a00492491914c9a871ac93036df1248",
            "input": "In this novel, the protagonist encounters Arnold Snarb, who wears a pin proclaiming that he is \"\"Lookin' For A Good Time! \"\" One character is prescribed LSD by a doctor who used to induce psychological illnesses at Buchenwald. This novel's protagonist investigates the history of Pierce Inverarity. A chapter of this novel is spent investigating a play titled The Courier's Tragedy, a work detailing a feud between two historical companies, Thurn und Taxis and Tristero. Centering on an investigation of a mail company signified by a muted horn, for 10 points, name this novel about Oedipa Maas written by Thomas Pynchon.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-354cd89f4250406698ee6c86f6d41d42",
            "input": "character in this novel decides to make a sacrifice out of a doll after jumping off of a couch and smashing it. That character undergoes a rough interview in which he misinterprets the French word \"doigts\" before landing a job under Mr. Pappleworth at Jordan's surgical appliances factory. The protagonist of this novel has an older brother named William who falls in love with a shallow girl from London before succumbing to illness. After his deadbeat coal-miner father Walter gets injured at work, the protagonist of this novel visits the Leivers's farm, where he begins his lifelong relationship with Miriam. That protagonist finds moderate commercial success with his landscape painting after beginning his affair with Clara Dawes, but he is sent into a deep depression after giving his mother an overdose of morphine to end her pain. For 10 points, name this D. H. Lawrence novel about Paul Morel.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71a739c258d341c2a7c9698bccbd8c6b",
            "input": "This politician commissioned Lord Devon to investigate tenant-landlord relationships in Ireland, and saw his first government fail after the organization of the Lichfield House Compact. Despite serving from two different rotten boroughs, he won early popularity after Perceval chose him to deliver a reply to a speech from the throne. A common rule governing the insanity defense is named for a man who tried to kill this man, Daniel M'Naghten. This ardent opponent of Catholic Emancipation briefly refused to supplant Lord Melbourne in the Bedchamber Crisis and differentiated his philosophy from that of his patron, the Duke of Wellington, in his Tamworth Manifesto. This man responded to the Potato Famine by repealing the Corn Laws, and is credited as the founder of the Conservative Party. For 10 points, name this British PM whose founding of the Metropolitan Police inspired their nickname of \"Bobbies\".",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c9d627ecb0040189d799c203a842334",
            "input": "This man's orchestral works include the Othello Suite and the Battle of Stalingrad Suite. Unable to speak Russian or read music when he entered the Russian Conservatory, he went on to write the ballet Spartacus, while Lezghinka and the Dance of the Rose Maidens can be found in Gayaneh, which also includes his most famous work. FTP, who is this Armenian composer of Saber Dance",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39b707b9bab847b6913b0695ff81f3cc",
            "input": "A definitive study on this engagement was authored by Hugh Cole, who devotes a section to discussing the Losheim Gap. It also stresses the importance of the oft-overlooked Operation Bodenplatte carried out on a holiday and alternately known as Operation Hermann. The clash saw the murder of the Wereth 11, a group of waylaid black soldiers, and courageous stands at St. Vith and Bastogne, which turned the fight and made up for failure to garner intelligence through ULTRA. Anthony McAuliffe became famous for his reply of \"Nuts\" and Patton for his diary statement that it was \"lovely weather for killing Germans. \" FTP, name this final German offensive of World War II also known as the Battle of the Ardennes.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8c4a821465364c47b9527f8f087a8acc",
            "input": "The Pindus Mountains in this country are home to six monasteries built on sandstone rock pillars known collectively as the Meteora. \"The Gates\" is a four-meter wide passage in this country's Samaria Gorge, which lies on the same island as the city of Heraklion. Its Thracian city of (*) Thessaloniki is the capital of a region that shares its name with this country's northern neighbor. Corfu is among its islands in the Ionian Sea. The Propylaea, the Erechtheion, and the Parthenon are among the ancient structures atop the Acropolis in this country's capital. For ten points, identify this country at the tip of the Balkan Peninsula, with capital at Athens.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b56d6a48ad14194ab0cfc9fa5c28d20",
            "input": "The Boussinesq approximation of this relation reduces nonlinearity in the body in question by ignoring non-gravitational contributions of density. In another form, the insertion 2 omega cross u-sub-r accounts for motion in a rotating reference frame, and it also has two nonspecific variations that cover compressible and incompressible fluids. One of its most important solutions defines the conditions for Hagen-Poiseuille Flow. This equation relates viscosity, the pressure gradient and density to the partial derivative of velocity with respect to time. FTP, name this equation that describes the momentum of fluids at low speeds.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac095631b2b14aaebe65e045a03d5884",
            "input": "In an alternate ending to this film, the protagonist's ex-fiancee listens to a radio report about a pursued criminal. It is based on a novel by Boileau-Narcejac called The Living and the Dead. The protagonist of this film visits the McKittrick Hotel, and also visits the local history expert Pop Leibel to find out about the tragic death of a woman whose portrait is found in a local art museum, Carlotta Valdes. In this film, Scottie is hired as a private detective to follow Madeleine Elster. Madeleine apparently commits suicide by jumping from a bell tower, but it is later revealed that the suicide was faked and that Madeleine is actually Judy Barton in disguise. It popularized the use of the dolly zoom, which is used to simulate the title condition. For 10 points, name this Alfred Hitchcock film starring James Stewart and Kim Novak.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f977820711774ac4b8a256556e9df078",
            "input": "The RAN protein is used for the transport of materials in and out of the pores of this organelle. Observed with Hoechst and DAPI staining, this organelle, when found in tumors, contains Cajal bodies. Continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, this organelle is the site of histone proteins, as well as the production of ribosomes and transcription of DNA. Not found in prokaryotes, for 10 points, name this \"control center\" of the cell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b41f7b124a1415aaaaed474c63dc619",
            "input": "One particle involved in this interaction comprises the so-called neutral currents first observed at CERN in 1973. One theory containing this S U two interaction is subject to symmetry breaking below 100 gigaelectronvolts by the Higgs mechanism. Quark flavors can be changed by interactions with one mediator of this force, which leads to its best-known effect. It is short range due to the very high masses of its carriers, which explains some aspects of beta decay, which it causes. This force carried by the W and Z bosons was unified by Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg with electromagnetism. For 10 points, name this force that is not even nearly as strong as the strong force.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65242b9b892b46948ebf9eb4f16f8e29",
            "input": "Some of these units possess an attenuator site which can control processes according to the amount of end-product found in the cell. If a represser molecule binds to one of its adjacent loci transcription is prevented, but if an inducer binds to the represser its promoter site can bind the RNA polymerase, initiating transcription of its structural genes. Proposed in the Jacob-Monod hypothesis and modeled after the lac version, FTP, what are these genetic units which control gene expression in bacteria.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a4d3aa8219e46598d0d710f3610c269",
            "input": "Five of this man's sons also became painters, though none reached his notoriety. Although Adriaen Brouwer used this man's techniques, he left few if any direct followers. This pupil of Carel van Mander painted with a loose brushstroke technique that allowed him to capture the vitality of sitters like Mr. Verdonck, who carries a jawbone, or the carelessly dressed Gypsy Girl. Though later works like his portrait of Descartes and his Daniel van Aken Playing the Violin reveal a sense of foreboding he will always be associated with the liveliness of group scenes like The Archers of St. Adrian and Banquet of the Officers of St. George. FTP name this Haarlem native best known The Governors of the Almshouse and his pair of 1620s works The Merry Toper and The Laughing Cavalier.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58ce47ae779e46a6beec7a2c71a4d71c",
            "input": "The state funeral of Napoleon prompted his painting War: The Exile and the Rock Limpet. The following year he painted the popular The Opening of the Wallhalla and two didactic works on the \"evening\" and the \"morning after\" a \"Deluge,\" which were supposed to illustrate Goethe's theory of color. Later in the 1840s he painted Queen Mab's Cave, The Angel Standing in the Sun, and a work which depicts the Great Western Railway. He raised a ruckus in 1840 with a painting which shows a typhoon coming on as the dead and dying are thrown overboard by slavers, a work known as The Slave Ship. FTP, name this English painter beloved of Ruskin, whose works include Rain, Steam and Speed and The Fighting Temeraire.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5eba44109b3c492ea9d169d5e0def628",
            "input": "One composer from this country included the movements, \"With Drums and Pipes\" and \"The Night's Music\" in his work Out of Doors. A work dedicated to this nation included parts titled \"The Carnival of Pest\" and \"Heroide-Elegiaque.\" Another composer used (*) czardas as a base for his first movement in a collection of 21 compositions titled after this country. Judith discovers the ex-wives of the title character in the seventh door in Duke Bluebeard's Castle, an opera from this country. Bela Bartok is from, for ten points, what country which names a set of dances by Johannes Brahms and a set of nineteen rhapsodies by Franz Liszt",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ebb3cbc29ca4ddab4546e8ad5b4f2c6",
            "input": "It is based on \"Nach Unterdruckung der Burschenschaft\", \"Der Landesvater\", \"Fuchs Lied\", and \"Gaudeamus Igitur. \" Composed during a vacation at Ischl in 1880, the composer of this work became acquainted with the songs on which it is based when he spent a month with his friend Joseph Joachim at the University of Gttingen. FTP, name this work written for the occasion of the University of Breslau awarding an honorary doctorate to the composer, Johannes Brahms.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c184d719a8d74e59ba229e7aa5272622",
            "input": "According to his peoples' world view, this deity presided over the third of the five world ages. His name translates to \"He who makes things sprout\" from the Nahuatl, and in that role he was sometimes the father of the moon god, Tecciztecatl. In his kingdom he receives those killed by leprosy among other things and rules with his consort, Chalchiuhtlicue [chal-CHEE-yoot-le-cue]. Each year a large number of children were sacrificed to him by drowning, often near one of his idols, which depicted him wearing a mask with large round eyes and long fangs. FTP, name this Aztec rain deity.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af551b701f0449f08d310ca7a8dbcf71",
            "input": "The most famous duet from this work has seen variations written on it by Danzi and Chopin, and is followed by Ah, fuggi il traditor! The overture opens with two diminished seventh chords and a D-minor scale, a figure that appears again in the climactic penultimate scene. In that scene, the servant sings Gia la mensa preparata to the title character before a murdered character reappears, singing A cenar teco minvitasti. The titular sinner is urged to repent, but he refuses twice while his servant Leporello cowers under a table. For 10 points, name this piece with a libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte in which a statue crashes a banquet to banish the title wooer of Zerlina and Elvira, an opera of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a56e279a75244aaac3268590162405e",
            "input": "This man had an unfortunate penchant for dueling as he defeated a sea captain off Honduras early in his career and later repeatedly challenged James Easton. Initially finding success as a pharmacist and merchant captain, his later career saw him passed over in favor of Thomas Mifflin. He met Margaret Shippen, known as Peggy, in Philadelphia and she became his wife and confidante, after he earlier turned back an invasion at Valcour Island, triumphing over Guy Carleton. Also a victor at Fort Stanwix, FTP, name this general who commanded brilliantly at the Battle of Saratoga before attempting to grant the British control of the Hudson River Valley in 1779, thereby becoming infamous as a traitor to the American cause.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbe8ee587fef4592a900e6c3262a4ba6",
            "input": "This disaster was aggravated by Thomas Bloodworth's failure to respond quickly, and due to an ongoing war, lynching of French and Dutch residents was common during it A plague was recorded alongside this event by Samuel Pepys (\"Peeps\") and this disaster was reported to have begun in Thomas Farriner's bakery on [*] Pudding Lane.This event was commemorated by a large Doric column known simply as \"The Monument,\" and after this event, Sir Christopher Wren reconstructed St. Paul's Cathedral. For 10 points, name this September 1666 conflagration that destroyed the capital of England.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd2bc18a23fe4b47bfe14072156d3dd7",
            "input": "These quantities are the arguments of the logarithms in the von Mangoldt function, which is itself summed to yield the second Chebyshev function. Using the evenly-spaced integer topology, Furstenberg re-proved that there were aleph-null many of these values. The work of Goldston et al. employing the Elliott-Halberstam conjecture was a precursor to Zhang's proof of bounded gaps between them. Thanks to the AKS algorithm, it is polytime-decidable whether or not a number is one of these numbers. The distribution of these numbers is described by the law \"pi of x is asymptotic to x over log x,\" where \"pi of x\" is the function that counts these numbers. They are typically generated by sieving, as originally done by Eratosthenes. For 10 points, what numbers are divisible only by one and themselves",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d856e4d17c5c4c3ebb7d1728caafd3b7",
            "input": "2008, a cabinet minister from this country was banned for failing to seek parliamentary approval to support the recognition of Cambodia's Praeh Vihar temple as a World Heritage site, and that event led to the resignation of Samak Sundaravej. Supporters of a former leader of this country rioted at the 2009 ASEAN meeting held in its city of Pattaya. More recently, this country's Supreme Court ordered the seizure of $1. 4 billion in assets of that leader who sold the Manchester United Football club in 2008. It is currently led by Abhijit Vejjajiva, and in 2006 coup, a military junta overthrew Thaksin Shinawatra in this country. For 10 points, identify this country whose government based is in Bangkok.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80232b95348048148f59cffb904c2c47",
            "input": "This figure turned Chelone into a tortoise after refusing to attend his wedding. This god's domain includes xenia, or hospitality to guests, and King Salmoneus once impersonated him. He was fed human flesh by an Arcadian tyrant named Lycaon, who he turned into a wolf. This god killed the dragon-woman Kampe before freeing (*) Briareos and the other two Hekatonchires, a set of hundred-handed giants. This deity was suckled by Amalthea, a goat on Mount Ida, after his mother replaced him with a stone eaten by his father Cronos. For 10 points, name this abductor of Europa, husband of Hera, and lord of Olympus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9bb7b77ed91947bb99fe6acdac0e11f8",
            "input": "His attempt to reform the excise tax by extending it to wine and tobacco failed miserably after generating riotous opposition. He perfected the system of political patronage, putting \"placemen\" loyal to him in important positions in the government. His rise to power peaked after he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1721, in which capacity he restored confidence in the government following the South Sea Bubble. Forced into declaring war against Spain over Jenkins' ear, he resigned in disgust in 1741. FTP, who is this man, considered Britain's first prime minister",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09eb0ce8fdf94dd6a545af3980eddfa9",
            "input": "The Knox-Thompson method computes the Fourier Transform of images associated with these objects. The simplest type of these is utilized in hyperfine structure analysis and utilizes a single component known as a Lummer-Gehrcke plate. In some varieties, the Martin-Puplett equation is employed in the calculation of input powers associated with them. A more common variety utilizes a gyroscope and laser, and uses the Sagnac Effect to determine angular velocity. An external modulator is typically used to vary the position of waveguides in the Mach-Zehnder type. FTP, name this common device useful for measuring phase altering media by producing its namesake figures, the most famous of which was used to disprove the existence of the ether by Michelson and Morley.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d615177d679b4875b478c6fb5526481d",
            "input": "This object was generalized as the triangle model by Robert J. Gordan. Irving Fisher claimed to have discovered it and Edmund Phelps formulated the expectations-augmented form of it. NAIRU theory holds that the long-term one is a vertical line. Milton Friedman attacked it during the 1970s, citing an increase in both of its variables, known as stagflation. For ten points, name this curve developed by a New Zealand-born economist that posited an inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c48d322b70a347339d37cbe33af5774b",
            "input": "This scientist's namesake rule for nucleation from a vapor states that nucleation of the metastable phase is preferred to the direct transformation to the stable phase near the transition temperature and at high supersaturation. The Kelvin equation gives the increased solubility of a substance bounded by a curved interface that produces his eponymous ripening in foams and solid dispersions. With de Izaguirre, this scientist developed a composite isotherm for the adsorption of components of a solution. The square of the degree of dissociation time the electrolyte concentration equals a constant according to his dilution law, which only holds for weak electrolytes. A process developed by this scientist, which replaced the Birdeland-Eyde process, employs a platinum-rhodium alloy catalyst to oxidize ammonia to a tri-atomic gas that is subsequently passed through water. For 10 points, name this Latvian-born German scientist, who developed a namesake process for the synthesis of nitric acid. \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-72354bb3de1c47c9b5f81361912600f2",
            "input": "A member of this group provides the counter-ion to an organomagnesium Grignard (\"green-yard\") reagent. Lugol's solution contains an element from this group that forms a complex with starch, turning it dark blue. Compounds that contain two members of this group and carbon are called freons and deplete the ozone layer. The only radioactive element in this group is the only one that does not exist in nature diatomically. The most [*] electronegative element in the periodic table is a member of this group and three of them can pair with hydrogen to form strong acids. For 10 points, name these elements that include astatine, bromine, iodine, chlorine, and fluorine.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c982299d8870475b804014f605c720ab",
            "input": "This man created a reclining brass head with a mysterious expression on its face known as the Sleeping Muse. A wide cylinder with two narrow cylinders composed in brass comprises this sculptors Torso of a Young Man, while this man created several version of a curved spiral on a pedestal known as his Mademoiselle Pogany. This creator of the group sculptures The Table of Silence and The Gate of the Kiss also created Miastra and Newborn as part of a much more well-known series. This man also created a series of quadrahedral shapes stacked on top of one another as part of his Endless Column. For ten points, identify this sculptor of a series of sculptures that depict motion and were mistaken for farm implements, Bird in Space.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-180f626f177e47ada1eb69a611e34e9c",
            "input": "President Alberto Fujimori crushed the Maoist Shining Path guerrillas in, for 10 points, what South American country, where Fujimori's corrupt role caused him to flee in 2000 to his ancestral home of Japan",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1f5bdbcec324bf6bbc8e57cbd39bb98",
            "input": "This son of Robert the Devil began construction on the White Tower in London. This ruler's claim to the throne was backed by Pope Alexander II. This man ordered the creation of the Domesday Book. His queen was Matilda and Henry I was his son. This man's victory over Harold II began the Norman rule of England. For 10 points, name this ruler who won the Battle of Hastings and became King of England in 1066.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d343b89be16a4f0dad4e0b534f00c8e2",
            "input": "According to one source, this deity sometimes hangs out at a sunken bank and drinks from golden cups with the goddess Saga. This deity's position was usurped for a decade by a crafty wizard named Ollerus. He fathered a son with a goddess known alternately as Fjorgyn or Jord. He presided over twelve judges called the Diar in his hall Gladsheim, while his other hall contained a throne from which he could see the entire universe called (*) Hlidskjalf. He gives all of his food to the wolves Geri and Freki and learns about the world from his ravens Hugin and Munin. With his brothers Vili and Ve, he killed the giant Ymir and fashioned the world from the body. This god carries the spear Gungnir and rides the eight-legged horse Sleipnir. For 10 points, name this one-eyed All-Father, the chief god of the Norse pantheon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b81383d42af4475975d54b093b924e7",
            "input": "Impetus for this event was provided by an extension of state property tax passed just months before and a slight eight years prior at the World Anti-Slavery Convention. It was planned in nearby Waterloo and was held in the home of Jane Hunt. Its most famous product was only signed by a third of the delegates and famously borrowed language of the Declaration of Independence; that was the Declaration of Sentiments. Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, FTP, name this meeting in upstate New York, a major germinal event in the American women's rights movement.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87bc7658064941c4a7d148c64bbb1eb7",
            "input": "This opera was inspired by a play written by Carlo Gozzi, and it was completed after the composer's death by Franco Alfano. The plot of this opera is explained in its second act by the female lead, who sings \"In questa reggia\" [RAYJ-yah]. The protagonist of this opera is unsuccessfully urged to desist from risking his life in the aria \"Signore [sin-YAWR-ay], ascolta\", sung by his maid. That figure stabs herself to avoid further torture when she is brought into Altoum's court with Timur. This opera's most important aria, sung after the title character's three questions are correctly answered by Calaf, is \"Nessun dorma\". Name this opera by Giacomo Puccini [pooch-CHEE-nee] set in China.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2bb68686bdc74ae0b031bf9ab12ccf18",
            "input": "He's not Navier, but this man and Stokes name a diffusion equation that models the flow of spherical particles through liquids with low Reynolds numbers. This man, Podolski, and Rosen name a thought experiment where photons are fired at a half silvered mirror. This man's field(*) equations measure the evolution of gravity in four dimensional Minkowski space. Along with Bose, this man names a state of matter composed of only bosons. For 10 points, name this man who solved Brownian motion, discovered the photoelectric effect, and came up with the equation E=mc2.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-160dfa23d55e47d4b7b7000d08e043a6",
            "input": "One passage in this work uses the terms \"sun, moon, and stars\" represent the \"most fundamental and binding laws\" of every \"dispensation\" and defines \"clouds\" as the \"annulment\" of those laws. This work maintains that the people of this world have launched attacks \"more fierce than tongue or pen can describe\" against all \"Manifestations of Holiness\". The prologue to this work asserts that \"no man shall attain the shores of the ocean of true understanding\" unless he disassociates with both earth and heaven, and it attests that those who \"souls are cleansed\" shall \"attain and enter\" this work's namesake city in the passage called \"the tablet of the true seeker\". This work alleges that the Qur'an was an \"impregnable stronghold\" of true religion until the revelation of a certain figure, and traces the appearance of the \"sign of the son of man\" from Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, and the Bab. For 10 points, name this book written by Baha'ullah, the primary theological text of Baha'i.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46a1bc5c8df240a4b632ba3b09a728df",
            "input": "Ultrafast variations of this technique can either use a double-resonance approach or the time domain vibrational echo method, which both use femtosecond lasers. The maximum resolution in this procedure is inversely proportional to the path length, and a rightward peak shift in this technique is indicative of pi backbonding. Liquid paraffin or nujol can be used as a mulling agent in this technique, whose sample is smeared between potassium bromide disks. Normal modes only appear for molecules with a dipole moment, and unique classification is obtained via complex fingerprint region. Some modes are obtained from scissoring, wagging, twisting, and rocking of molecules, and distinctive peaks occur due to symmetric and asymmetric stretching. For 10 points, name this spectroscopic technique that uses wavelengths longer than visible light.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d5edf354506447a8f5c0174bcf76365",
            "input": "This canvas was commissioned by Madame de Pompadour to hang in the Chteau de Bellevue. Cast against a dark, cloudy background, a cherub on the bottom left retrieves a string of pearls from a half-shell tray, while a dove caresses the feet of the title character. Another cherub attends to the title character's hair, while a third on the right helps the titular figure tie a blue ribbon around a dove in her lap. Depicting the scene of a goddess in her private room, FTP, identify this most famous painting by Franois Boucher.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0e6faf4902841ca995a15969a5a507b",
            "input": "He created a system of military rule by major generals, and his French alliance ended up giving his country Dunkirk. This ruler, whose death was called for in the pamphlet \"Killing no Murder\", was given his highest position by a document drafted by James Lambert and based partly on the \"Heads of Proposals\". This leader passed the Penal Laws during a campaign in which he gave no quarter to the defeated garrison of (*) Drogheda; that campaign was his invasion of Ireland. He carried out a purge of the Rump Parliament to create the Barebones Parliament. This leader was disinterred and posthumously beheaded for his part in a war during which he served under Lord Fairfax. His son was so incompetent that Parliament voted to restore Charles II. For 10  points, name this Puritan general of the New Model Army and Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8bab253c9a11485a823647778c5ce4f2",
            "input": "In this novel, Lord Godalming courts Lucy, who eventually succumbs to the title character. Mina's visit to her friend Lucy is interrupted when a ship runs aground in this novel. Later in this novel, a Dutch doctor draws a circle in the snow with a crucifix for protection; that man is Abraham Van Helsing. For 10 points, identify this Bram Stoker novel about Jonathan Harker's fight against the undead Vlad the Impaler.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-710116f01f3a4944a0e0d20408efd603",
            "input": "Vinogradov's theorem established a very large lower bound on a statement about an operation involving these objects, which Harald Helfgott recently claimed to have reduced drastically. Euler proved that the sum of reciprocals of them less than n grows roughly as the log of log of n. Legendre's conjecture asserts that one of these objects always exists in a certain range. If for all numbers a less than n, a to the power of n minus one equals 1 modulo n, then n is either a (*) Carmichael number or a number with this property, as a result of Fermat's Little Theorem. A function counting these numbers grows as x over natural log of x, according to a result due in part to Hadamard. Ben Green and Terence Tao proved that there are arbitrarily long arithmetic sequences in which each term has this property. For 10 points, identify these numbers which have precisely two divisors: one and themselves.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c205e1cc89ac4cfaba833e6730bd7195",
            "input": "In one of this man's plays, a character throws a fit relating how Grace told him to \"Help yourself\" when he took a piece of toast from her plate. That man, Teach, later persuades his friend to not have an employee steal the title object, and he attacks the employee when Teach believes he has been betrayed. In another of this man's works, characters discuss the wisdom of Jerry Graff in buying a list of nurses to do business with and consider going to work for him. Later in that play, it is revealed that Bruce and Harriet Nyborg are insane and can't possibly afford the $82,000 piece of real estate Shelly Levene sold them. In that work by this author, Levene confesses to breaking into the office to steal the \"premium leads\" sent from Mitch and Murray. For 10 points, name this playwright, author of American Buffalo and Glengarry Glen Ross.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-370e9708a80547e5b867553a99681f74",
            "input": "This figure caused a group of men led by Heinin Vardd to be struck dumb; when questioned about his actions, he says that he had \"borne a banner before Alexander,\" was in Canaan when Absalom was killed, and that Heinin and Idno call him Merddin. He protected a woman's honor by tricking Rhun into cutting off another woman's finger. By using a twig of holly, he is able to win a race on Dobbin to settle a feud with Maelgwyn. He was found by Elphin, who saved him from Ceridwen. FTP, identify this Welsh mythological figure, Gwion reborn, who lent his name to Frank Lloyd Wright's house.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec7b4422f9bd4468ab93892d6a942c44",
            "input": "The Nessler method uses tetraiodomercuriate(II) to determine the amount of this compound present in solution, and a solution of this compound is used as a standard stress corrosion agent for copper and its alloys. Reacting mineralized organic compounds with hot concentrated sulfuric acid, when followed by placing the products in alkaline solution, yields this compound via the (*) Kjeldahl method. Kuhlmann proposed the \"status nascendi\" theory of this compound's formation, and an accidental explosion prevented Le Chatelier from performing high-pressure synthesis of this compound. This compound reacts with alkyl halides to produce primary amines, and it is produced industrially by the Haber-Bosch process. For 10 points, name this compound with formula NH3, which you probably don't want to be mixing with bleach.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-248f0f4ffe3c4ba78fcdba4bf65f1d72",
            "input": "During this war, the socialist POUM came into conflict with the communist PCE. Veterans of this war largely comprised the Blue Division that fought at Krasny Bor, while Irish Conolloy Column fought alongside the International Brigades. One leader in this conflict coined the term \"fifth column\" and died in a plane crash. Both Alfonso XIII and Primo de Rivera resigned prior to this conflict, which saw a coup oust Juan Negrin. During this war, a German unit called the Condor Legion conducted a bombing raid on Guernica. For 10 points, name this conflict fought in an Iberian country, which was won by the Falange under Francisco Franco in 1939.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-812b284a97d444478874aa4d4043a89f",
            "input": "This deity changed her protg into a boar to disguise him on a trip to discover his ancestry, and she gave him a memory potion to remember everything that Hyndla tells him. She spent the night with four dwarves to acquire one of her possessions, in addition to her mount Hildisvini. In Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, she is the protector of the golden apples. Half of those slain in battle go to Flkvangr, which is ruled by her, a member of the Vanir along with her father, Njord, and her brother. For ten points, name this owner of the necklace Brsingamen, the Norse goddess of love, beauty, and fertility and sister of Freyr.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0142aac7ffe948d4b330a97168f568fe",
            "input": "This man's essays on interpersonal utility theory and Austrian methodology are collected in his volume Socratic Puzzles. He argued against Edmund Gettier by suggesting a \"truth-tracking\" solution to the definition of knowledge in Philosophical Explanations, while the Prisoner's Dilemma and Newcomb's problem are covered in his The Nature of Rationality. Another book draws the example of trading with Wilt Chamberlain and introduces the concept of the Lockean proviso for property appropriation, while he argued against an opponent by claiming that \"it needn't be that the foundations underlying desert are themselves deserved all the way down. \" For ten points, identify this late Harvard philosopher, who attacked John Rawls' Theory of Justice in his Anarchy, State, and Utopia.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c3249b755f144068afdea2838a54489",
            "input": "man included a long wing ending in a series of dovecotes for a Bagnolo building; that structure also includes a barrel-vaulted main room. One building designed by this man includes frescoes by Battista Franco and was nicknamed \"La Malcontenta,\" his Villa Foscari. He also designed an edifice whose bell tower collapsed in 1774, the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore. One of this man's most famous structures is a dome whose design was altered by his fellow architect Scamozzi after his death. That villa contains a large central dome. For 10 points, name this architect of the Villa Rotunda who wrote the Four Books of Architecture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30a54f89f63b4fe8a4ba9523e8bb11d3",
            "input": "One novel by this author, which was inspired by reading another author's The Tales of Belkin, has the epigraph \"Vengeance is mine: I will repay.\" In another novel, this author wrote of a man who leaves his pregnant wife Lise, the \"Little Princess,\" at the estate of Bleak Hills to join the war effort. This author created a man who breaks the back of the horse Frou Frou in a steeplechase accident, visibly concerning that man's mistress. He created Prince (*) Andrey Bolkonsky in a novel in which the protagonist fights in the Battle of Borodino. Another of his protagonists loves Count Vronsky and throws herself in front of a train. For 10 points, name this author of Anna Karenina and War and Peace.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93a23d019e9e4a92957095b47ea5805a",
            "input": "This man claimed that the doctrine of popular sovereignty could coexist with the Dred Scott decision during an explanation of his Freeport Doctrine. This man led a faction of a party whose other faction was led by John C. Breckenridge in the 1860 presidential election. Known as \"\"The Little Giant,\"\" this politician was instrumental getting the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed. For 10 points, name this Democratic Illinois Senator who engaged in a famous series of debates in 1858 with Abraham Lincoln.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c152442bda1449a6a11807f6c5f6fdd1",
            "input": "One of these pieces calls for the \"echo flute,\" an instrument that may have been a soprano recorder, and the last one has no violin parts. The first of these pieces includes a polonaise in its four and last movement titled Menuet, and beings with a hunting horn. Notable harpsichord parts are included in the fifth and the third of these pieces, which were dedicated to Christian Ludwig. The first two are in F major, the third and fourth in G major, and the sixth and final in B-flat major. FTP, name this set of six concerti grossi by J.S. Bach.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9acc49f3a1754334851c7db5733917c0",
            "input": "According to one tradition, it is the last of 14 stages known as gunasthanas, and those who have it get to live in Isatpragbhara. In that tradition, it can be acquired through \"right conduct,\" \"right belief,\" and \"right knowledge,\" which are known as the Ratnatraya collectively. According to another tradition, it consists of ananda which can be achieved through japa, while another religion holds that there are four margas which lead to it, including the path of knowledge, or Jnana, and love, or Bhakti. In Jainism, it results when the atman has shed his karma. FTP, give this term which in Indian religions refers to the soul's release from the cycle of becoming known as samsara.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0ad3ebc9d1c4d90a931e59ef76f1ab1",
            "input": "Sliding wooden walls are seen in this man's Hanna-Honeycomb House, while a copper roof and hexagonal skylights are found in his Kentuck Knob. This artist had a carport in his Rosenbaum House, which exemplified his Usonian design. One of his more famous buildings survived a 1923 (*) earthquake, and utilizes the \"Maya-Revival\" style. That work is the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, and this architect's Robie House exemplifies his Prairie Style. For ten points, name this architect of the Guggenheim Museum in New York and of Edgar Kaufmann's house over Bear Run River, Fallingwater.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d85020f564754d98b6830b92272651ca",
            "input": "This god is associated with the Hieroglyph for the word sesh. A minor form of this god is depicted as a male goat, and he is sometimes depicted carrying a palm leaf. In The Book of Two Ways, the dead are said to become stars and reside next to this god. In a Ptolemaic-era epic about this god, Neferkaptah and Khaemwaset seek a possession of this god, but experience tragedy when they acquire it. The sound of this gods voice once caused the primordial god Nu, also called Nun, to give birth to additional gods. In another story, he uses magical semen to transform himself into the sun. The Greeks called him Trismegistos, or the Thrice Great. He is sometimes considered a moon god or given the head of a baboon, and his deeds include healing other gods. He participates in the judgment of the dead by recording their verdicts. For ten points, name this Ibis-headed Egyptian god of wisdom and writing.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-143e81b999c04a6baf94791ebafb50eb",
            "input": "This man co-authored a large portion of his scholarly work with Henry Hubert, including a work which discusses the piaculum. According to his student Maurice Leenhardt, the core of his work centered on the \"total social fact,\" which metonymically stands for and alters the fabric of an entire society. This editor of L'annee Sociologique and author of Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function cites the meaning of mana and hau when referring to objects that transcend mere commoditization in ceremonies such as the potlatch. Author of a work subtitled \"The form and reason for exchange in archaic societies\", for 10 points, name this author of The Gift.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e462a4303cc4422a5bd08fac27ccc7a",
            "input": "Its functions include inhibiting seed germination and halting transpiration in droughts. Mediating the plant's reaction during times of stress, it is found in the stem, root cap, and older leaves. FTP, name this plant hormone which, in contrast to auxins, promotes the falling, or abscission, of leaves before winter dormancy,",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23d34159080441efa1fdbe76f0883d37",
            "input": "Though it is not France, this polity was co-ruled by a man who assumed the name Charles VIII and was put down when trying to take full control of one of its constituents. This polity captured Flensburg after fighting for control over the Oresund with its chief rival. Its power was challenged with lower class uprisings led by Engelbrecht Engelbrechtson and had to be reinstated in an event led by Jorgen Holmuth whose targets were supporters of Sten Sture the Younger. That event, the Stockholm Bloodbath, occurred during Christian II's authority over this confederation. Its creation was solidified by the Coronation Letter establishing a hereditary monarchy begun by Eric of Pomerania. Engineered by Queen Margaret I in 1397, for 10 points, name this Scandinavian confederation of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b768bd1e793f43128862d07857583f62",
            "input": "The government of this polity was based on the Ordinances of Justice developed by Giano della Bella, and one prominent post in this city was the Gonfaloniere of Justice. After the murder of the Abbot of Vallombrosa, this city's forces were dealt a crushing defeat at the Battle of Montaperti due to the treachery of Bocca degli Abati. Later, this city fought the War of the Eight Saints against Pope Gregory XI, leading to the end of the Avignon Papacy. That same year saw a revolt of wool carders demanding inclusion in this city's trade guilds. That Revolt of the Ciompi was suppressed by an ancestor of this city's ruling family, which would later be targeted by the Pazzi Conspiracy, feud with the monk Savonarola, and produce members such as Cosimo and Lorenzo the Magnificent. For 10 points, name this birthplace of the Italian Renaissance, a city on the Arno long ruled by the Medici.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c47f5afae7c142038e72c68713b75e45",
            "input": "One president at the time of this war defended his country's involvement by promising \"\"peace without conquest. \"\" The commanders of U.S. operations in this war were William Westmoreland and Creighton Abrams. This war began with an air offensive called Operation Rolling Thunder. During this war, the United States was dealt a psychological blow by the Tet Offensive. This war was sparked after the USS Maddox was attacked, leading to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. For 10 points, name this war in Southeast Asia that lasted from 1965 to 1975.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-204dc790fe014fca9b5a141c6184337d",
            "input": "This ruler refused to allow his bishops to attend a council at Mouzon, and during the first decade his reign, he swore nominal fealty to his less powerful cousin Lothair. He appointed Arnulf as archbishop, who refused to attend the Council of Senlis and supported his uncle Charles of Lorraine in a bid to usurp the throne from this man. This ruler then quickly replaced Arnulf with Gerbert of Aurillac, who later became Sylvester II. This ruler's wife was the daughter of William Towhead, Queen Adelaide, and during the last part of his reign he ruled alongside his son Robert II, while he himself was a great-grandson of Robert the Strong. With living descendants on the throne of Luxembourg and Spain, FTP, name this founder and namesake of a line of French kings beginning in 987.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e523b420ad6146d59a436c235b3b3919",
            "input": "One of these entities that represents the location of vertices on a graph is the \"\"adjacency\"\" type. One used to identify resemblances between two data points is a similarity type. A collection of second-order partial derivatives of a function may be collected in a Hessian one of these entities. First-order derivatives are collected in the Jacobian one. If one of these entities is invertible, it is row-equivalent to an identity variety, and its determinant is nonzero. Multiplication of these entities is notably not commutative. For 10 points, name this rectangular array of numbers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d85033fb94694bd4b57d8520e4f64ac4",
            "input": "This figure's father used weapons such as the rainbow and the Milky Way, as well as the bloodthirsty spear Brionac. This student of Scathach defeated Aiofe, earning his most notable weapon. After Cathbad prophesized that the next owner of some weapons would lead a short, glorious life, this man took those weapons. He is the husband of Emer and the father of Connla. He defeats Connaught and wields the spear Gae Bulg. For ten points, name this son of Lugh and hero of the Cattle Raid of Cooley, the protagonist of the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5dfe2d4e55b9482592646e962dd898d4",
            "input": "He designed a church with eight bells next to each other in a line next to a cross, and a green roof with many overlapping flaps. In addition to the Padre Pio Pilgrimage Church, he designed a building in Bern that has three glass hills that contain a museum, concert hall, and childrens studio called the Zentrum Paul Klee. He founded an atelier with Peter Rice, with whom he collaborated until Rices death. He redesigned an area of Berlin adjacent to the Brandenburg gate destroyed in World War II, the Potsdamer Platz. An artificial island in Osaka is the home of his Kansai International Airport. His most famous work is a collaboration with a British architect on a building devoted to contemporary art, theatre, and music with all of its utilities, walkways, and piping on the outside walls. For 10 points, name this collaborator with Richard Rogers on designing Pariss Centre Pompidou.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a15e76809234e60b1f3c6db84ced9d3",
            "input": "The title character of his only opera sings the aria \"Die letzte Hoffnung Schwindet\" and is named Genoveva, while his first symphony was an unfinished work named after his hometown Zwickau. His first published work was dedicated to a fictional countess and is based on themes to the sequence \"A B-flat E G G.\" One of this man's works includes the sections \"Dreaming,\" \"The Poet Speaks,\" and \"Of Foreign Lands and people,\" and is called Kinderszenen, while another of his works was inspired by a work of E. T. A. Hoffman and was dedicated to Frederick Chopin. In addition to Kreisleriana, he composed a suite of piano pieces titled Papillons, while one of his orchestral works depicts the Archbishop of Cologne within its five movements. For 10 points, name this German composer, husband of Clara, who created the Spring Symphony, and the Rhenish Symphony.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-158974f9a50a4ff49b9a658b4ceda123",
            "input": "One live album by this artist is titled for the Rodgers & Hart showtune My Funny Valentine. One group led by this man performed the first two renditions of Monks Straight, No Chaser, and that sextet went on to release Porgy and Bess as part of this artists collaboration with Gil Evans. One of this mans albums contains The Pan Piper and Concierto de Aranjuez, and Cannonball Adderley and Herbie Hancock played in his quintets. This artist released Bitches Brew and Sketches of Spain, and included Flamenco Sketches, Freddie Freeloader, and So What on his best known album. For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter who released Kind of Blue.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4aef7b352f8d474d91ce400382b5cf7c",
            "input": "One possession of this deity is the foremost champion of the eight Dikpala, or Directional Gaurdians, while the Puranas relate an incident in which this figure reacted very badly when cowherds in Gokula stopped venerating him. In one story, he hid inside a lotus blossom in order to escape Brahminicide, and according to tradition neither sorrow nor fear are allowed inside his home. This figure's epithets include \"Maghavan\" and \"Sakra,\" and one story claims Agni replaced this figure's testicles with those of a ram after this deity's encounter with Ahalya. The Apsara and Gandharvas (*) dance for this figure at his court at Svarga, located in the clouds above Mount Meru, and along with Mitra and Varuna he comprises the Adityas. He consumed vast amounts of Soma in order to break through 99 fortresses and defeat the dragon Vritra, thus returning water to the earth, and his principal weapon is Vajra. The rider of Airavata, the great white elephant, FTP, identify this King of the Devas, the god of lightning and central Hindu deity prior to the rise of the Trimurti.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f50fd541ab845ba941581f3811cea35",
            "input": "This force is represented by a first derivative with respect to position in the harmonic oscillator equation. In one model, this force stems from tiny electrostatic repulsions. It can be understood as the parallel shear component of the contact force, whose other component is typically calculated as mg cosine theta. It is calculated from a coefficient, symbolized mu, multiplied by the normal force. Rolling motion is affected by the \"kinetic\" type of this force, which is known as \"drag\" in fluids. For 10 points, name this force that resists the motion of objects against one another.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b75acce3a02e4d23a36de6e80d43a58f",
            "input": "Joseph Polzer suggested that the composition for this work was inspired by a fresco from Old Saint Paul's cathedral in Rome depicting St. Paul preaching to the Hebrews. On the left, a yellow tunic lies on the ground in front of a stand of bare trees. Just slightly to the right of center is a man standing with his back to the viewer in a red tunic, who reappears on the right. Depicting an event in Capernaum, the central figures point to the apostle Peter who is pulling a fish out of the sea of Galilee on the left. For 10 points, name this Brancacci fresco by Masaccio that depicts money being paid to a tax collector.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8be1a0e0f42e47f2b958af6556b5bdcd",
            "input": "Increased support to guerrillas in this nation was carried out under Operation Cyclone. Recently, doubt has been cast on operations in this nation such as the Nangar Khel after release of Wikileaks cables, which also contained reports of Pakistani complicity with insurgents seeking to destabilize the government of Hamid Karzai. For 10 points, name this nation which is partially controlled by the Taliban.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76d4aba98fff45e69ad49be277bca4ab",
            "input": "This mythological figure died when a piece of a boat fell on him while he was sleeping. While on the island of Lemnos, this man fathered twin sons with Hypsipyle. Although not Cadmus, this man sowed a field with dragon's teeth as part of a series of tasks. Those tasks were given to him by King Aeetes, who ruled the island of Colchis. This man's uncle Pelias recognized him from his single sandal, and sent him on a mission where had gained the assistance of a sorceress. This man married Medea during a quest in which he searched for the golden fleece. For 10 points, name this hero, the leader of the Argonauts.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0b1c6e637974419aaabf90096e5ea007",
            "input": "structures resolve a problem first recognized by Alexei Olovnikov, although they are not necessary in most bacteriophages and bacteria. Their namesake enzyme was first discovered in Tetrahymena. That enzyme is a ribonucleoprotein which carries out reverse transcription to add several repeats of a six-nucleotide sequence, (*) TTAGGG. Hydrogen bonding between those guanine residues creates a hairpin structure, which enables the rest of the lagging strand to be filled in. Although they are extremely stable in most tumor cells, these structures gradually shorten as a normal somatic cell ages. For 10 points, name these segments of DNA which protect the ends of linear chromosomes from decay.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5098fb5e939c4e0aa4e8f8a8f47efeb9",
            "input": "On the center right is a dark orange door opening in which two hazy onlookers stand. In this painting the artist actually portrayed himself as the figure hunched in the front row of the audience at the far left, sketching. Below him is a seated woman recoiling in horror, with seemingly arthritic hands covering her face. The paint, heavily built up on the canvas, demonstrates a clear debt to Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, though this work was completed in 1875 for Jefferson Medical College. FTP, name this Thomas Eakins depiction of a surgeon operating before his students.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7fdedddc4fc4cf4b45e11381561580d",
            "input": "This man was said to have rejected the offer of a red hat, and opted for a hat of blood instead. Some of his disciples agreed to submit to an ordeal by fire but rain prevented that, angering the populace. He increased his authority by predicting the invasion of Charles VIII, and the Arrabbiati formed in opposition to him. He made homosexuality a capital offense, but after Pope Alexander VI ordered his arrest he met his end in the Piazza della Signoria. FTP, name this Dominican priest and enemy of the Medici who conducted the 1497 Bonfire of the Vanities and transformed Florence into a Christian republic.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7772926f64f846bda226dcdcd11ee1dd",
            "input": "This idea was thought to be first suggested by Francis Guthrie, giving it an alternative name, though Arthur Cayley may have been the first to address it. An attempt to prove this theorem was the Kempe algorithm, and the Heawood conjecture degenerates into it when the genus of the space is zero. It was eventually proven by Haken and Appel in 1976 using computer-generated configurations. For 10 points, identify this theorem stating that a map may be filled with a certain sufficient number of colors such that adjacent regions are different colors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57d9a15351f34cb589afc89bf68b9f7a",
            "input": "He asked his eyes to be shelled \"with double dark\" to \"find the uncreated light\" in \"The Habit of Perfection. \" His reading of Duns Scotus inspired his concept of a unifying \"inscape,\" and his \"terrible sonnets\" include \"No Worst, There is None\" and \"Carrion Comfort\". This author of \"As Kingfishers Catch Fire\" wrote \"Generations have trod, have trod, have trod\" in a poem comparing the title concept to \"shook foil\" and \"the ooze of oil / crushed,\" \"God's Grandeur. \" He wrote about a \"dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon\" in \"The Windhover,\" which features his characteristic sprung rhythm. FTP, name this nineteenth-century British poet and Jesuit priest of \"The Wreck of the Deutschland\" who wrote \"Glory be to God for dappled things\" in \"Pied Beauty. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7298e803be274202a27f9d9c4bd4d60e",
            "input": "When it interacts with ryanodine receptors, this element upregulates its own release, and this compound forms the cell plates of coccolithophores. Stimulation of Gq (\"g-sub-q\") opens a channel that allows for this ion's movement, and proteins that bind this ion have an EF hand motif. Cellular concentrations of this ion are regulated by IP3. Parafollicular cells of the (*) thyroid produce a compound that reduces the concentration of this ion in blood, and its intestinal absorption requires vitamin D. This ion interacts with Troponin to stimulate muscle contraction, and the lumens of sarcoplasmic reticula have high concentrations of this ion. For 10 points, name this divalent cation that is stored in bones.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00dd13fbb7f343439e8a02b414071d80",
            "input": "The main character in this novel insists on leaving the drawing room after seeing a pair of scrolls claiming human knowledge must be acquired through literature next to a portrait of the cousin who drives him insane and into a monastery. Some versions of it translate rather than transliterate the servants names, calling two Purple Nightingale and Invading Fragrance. One of its titles comes from ballads by the Monitory Vision Fairy, while the other refers to the main character as the human manifestation of an item left over when Nuwa repaired the sky. Set largely in the Ning-guo and Rong-guo houses and featuring the Twelve Beauties of Jinling, for 10 points, name this novel about Jia Baoyu, a Qing dynasty novel by Cao Xuequin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1896eb2ae9574268847fefc6bc6a452a",
            "input": "The composer of this work created it after abandoning a work about Cinderella, and later commented that he should not have composed it as it paled in comparison to Debussy's Sylvia. The title locale is formed from the tears of the central female character's parents after she is kidnapped by an evil sorcerer, whose enchantment can only be broken by a pledge of fidelity from a prince. That sorcerer tricks the prince into pledging his fidelity to Odile, who is Rothbart's daughter. In most versions, Odette then dies or is condemned to remain away from Siegfried in the form of the titular creature. FTP, name this first ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb6ee82293ca44bebe0e6e92cddd36c8",
            "input": "He adapted Joseph Blackburn's portrait d'apparat method for his works depicting a fat-looking woman with a blue book in Mrs. James Russell, Katherine Graves, an old elegant lady with a hint of a mustache in Mrs. Thomas Boylston, and a red-coated Samuel Adams. Influenced by John Smibert, his later historical works include The Death of the Earl of Chatham and The Death of Major Peirson. His The Boy with a Squirrel got him noticed, and he also painted a famous portrait of Paul Revere at his silver shop. FTP, name this American artist who depicted a dangerous incident occurring in Havana harbor in his Watson and the Shark.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bd3a7dd4cb843049fb30d028a9a80ec",
            "input": "A short-lived government in this modern-day country was divided into Vonckists and Statists. This country's independence movement was started after a performance of The Mute Girl of Portici, and was ended with the signing of the Treaty of London. During WWI, this country stalled Germany at the Battle of Liege after being invaded as part of the Schlieffen Plan. An earlier ruler of this country was famous for brutally cutting off people's hands in this nation's colony of the Congo. Ruled by Albert I and Leopold II, FTP, name this nation with capital Brussels.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-68e6d030693c440d920e0de284279d08",
            "input": "This deity was raised by Buto after being born on the isle of Chemmis. This deity's mother was decapitated for accidentally harpooning this deity underwater. The Ennead sought to crown this god before a contest that lasted eighty years. This god's Behdety aspect was the first god for whom the symbol of a winged disk was carved. This god's sons guarded each cardinal direction. Like Ra, this god had an aspect ruling the horizon called (*) Herakhty. This father of the canopic jars raced in a painted wooden boat as his foe's stone boat sank. The wadjet symbol, sun, and moon were seen as this god's stolen eyes, and he fought an evil god of the desert. For 10 points, name this son of Isis who defeated Set to avenge his father Osiris, a falcon-headed god.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05be1ee5d91d4a00bc6588222f451215",
            "input": "Rolipram is an inhibitor of the enzyme that degrades this compound. The asthma and COPD drug theophylline inhibits conversion of pulmonary fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by increasing the intracellular amount of this molecule. The slime moldDictyostelium excretes this molecule to signal aggregation into a sporocarp. This molecule was discovered as part of Earl Sutherland's investigation of the activity of epinephrine. In bacteria, the accumulation of this compound in a low glucose environment is responsible for the upregulation of the lac operon when this compound complexes with CRP. This molecule's inactivation is catalyzed by phosphodiesterase four, and it is produced along with a pyrophosphate in a reaction catalyzed by adenylyl cyclase. For 10 points, name this molecule which primarily activates protein kinase A, a second messenger which is synthesized from ATP.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d05a4e693e4545c59fdb061bec7fb1a9",
            "input": "During the month dedicated to this deity, a priest led a procession around the city in impersonation of his lieutenant Paynal, while other priests burned giant bark versions of his weapon, the xiuh coatl. His sister ruled over snakes, scorpions, and the various insects of the desert, and he once sent a sign in the form of an eagle atop a cactus eating a snake to tell his followers to build a city. He foiled a plot to kill his mother, who had been impregnated by a ball of feathers, by leaping out of her womb and killing his sister Coyolxauhqui and 399 of his other siblings. For 10 points, name this patron deity of Tenochtitlan and Blue Hummingbird on the Left, the Aztec sun god.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d970c52bc78b4551965323cbbcff5a8a",
            "input": "One theorist of this phenomenon said that it was often caused by \"innovators,\" one of his \"modes of adaptation.\" Robert K. Merton developed strain theory to explains this phenomenon. Emile Durkheim wrote on the \"normality\" of this phenomenon, which is aggravated by urban blight according to Wilson and Kelling's \"broken windows theory.\" This phenomenon was noted to increase if torture and the death penalty were used after less serious instances of it in a work by Cesare Beccaria, a pioneer in the study of it. Recidivism is the return to this type of action. For 10 points, name this phenomenon responded to by punishment, by which laws are broken.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9703bfcdb324a74afc70c3bd3bb2707",
            "input": "One character responds to anothers vision by recalling the incident where he claimed that the Devil used his tail as a brush to paint wheels red. That character is later made to dance like a bear by Raval, who was prevented by Jons from raping a mute girl, whose only line, It is the end, comes near the end of the film. The protagonist allows the acrobat, Jof, and his family to escape, although his declaration that he will win by a combination of the knight and the bishop does not come true. Max von Sydow portrays Antonius Bloch, a knight, who returns home from the Crusades while playing chess with Death in, FTP, which 1957 Ingmar Bergman film",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d4fe690804a4f66b56b4b05ec140a9e",
            "input": "The first president of this nation, Douglas Hyde, was elected thanks to the founder of the Fianna Fail party, the Taoiseach [\"tee-shock\"] Eamon de Valera. Earlier, this country's members of Sinn Fein started the Easter Rising, and William Gladstone supported its \"Home Rule.\" Michael Collins led this country's (*) IRA. For 10 points, name this country which shares its island with part of the United Kingdom and whose capital is Dublin.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-523d07fc77fa4dc9b41848b3559528b2",
            "input": "The climax of this novel occurs on the narrator's thirtieth birthday, when he declares \"I'm five years too old to lie to myself and call it honor. \"  Descended from the Dukes of Buccleuch, the narrator had come east to learn the bond business. He is constantly offered \"gonnegtions\" by the wily Jew purported to have fixed the 1919 World Series, Meyer Wolfsheim, becomes involved with Jordan Baker, and becomes privy to the secrets of the title character, who loves Daisy Buchanan. Narrated by Nick Carraway, FTP, what is this most-famous novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e18766edd67e44aaafad4a2e2a6f9a29",
            "input": "It was contemporaneous with the Nien and Hui rebellions to the north and the Panthay rebellion to the south. Its first violent action was a victory by the forces of Wei Changhui and Feng Yunshan at the Battle of Jintian, and cities it captured included Quanzhou, whose inhabitants it slaughtered, and Nanking, which was renamed Tianjing by this movements Hakka leader. It was put down in Hunan province by General Tso, and defeated outside of Shanghai by a force under the command of Frederick Ward and Charles Gordon, the Ever-Victorious Army. Led by a mystic who claimed to be the brother of Jesus Christ, this is, for ten points, what 19th century rebellion against the Qing dynasty",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb6b706294214363834026091e1b9373",
            "input": "A failed naval expedition led by this country's Blanco Encalada resulted in the 1837 Treaty of Paucarpata, while its 1925 Constitution began its Presidential Republic period. This modern day country was captured in a campaign led by Pedro de Valdivia; that campaign saw fighting against its native Araucanian or Mapuche Indians. This country's Patria Vieja period of independence was ended at the Disaster of Rancagua. Its independence campaign was led by men like the Carrera Brothers and Bernardo O'Higgins, and the 19th century saw the flourishing of its free port Valparaiso. For 10 points, name this South American country led in the 20th century by Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-667526664048482d8f03f3a9492df333",
            "input": "The final ruler of this dynasty severed his daughter's arm in an attempt to kill his entire family during its final days. In one criminal case, this dynasty saw an expansion of the \"Nine Exterminations\" to also include the killing of friends as well as family members. The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception was founded in this dynasty's capital by one of its advisors, Matteo Ricci. This dynasty dispatched the treasure ships of the admiral Zheng He and moved the empire's capital from Nanking. It was founded by a former leader of the Red Turban rebellion, the Hongwu Emperor. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that made Beijing the capital, succeeded the Mongols, and was itself supplanted by the Manchus in the 1640's.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-772ccac0ddb44e9f98fa7455df1662fa",
            "input": "First translated into English by Michael Friedlander, this works second book deals with Aristotles theory of concentric heavenly spheres and outlines the thirteen levels of prophecy. The third and final book is an in-depth analysis of a passage in Ezekiel; the first book puts forth the authors thesis that words purporting to describe God are really only homonyms capable of describing physical objects, an argument perhaps designed against the anthropomorphic God of the Kalam scholars, who were opposed by this works author. Written as a letter to its authors pupil Rabbi Joseph, FTP, name this philosophical work by Moses Maimonides written to instruct confused souls.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-357b0b3587ed4d77b3dcf2b629a41623",
            "input": "As a youth he was sent to Rome where he was made either consul or king by Pope Leo IV and he was later responsible for reorganizing the fyrd. His defeat of Guthrun at the Battle of Eddington led to the Treaty of Widmore, which set up an area for autonomous Viking rule, the Danelaw. Although he is not William I, this king did create a Doom Book which was a code of law often named for him and which was prefaced by the Ten Commandments. This ruler also translated St. Augustine's Soliloquies and Boethius's Consolation of Philosophy into English and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle began under his reign. For 10 points, identify this first King of the Anglo-Saxons, the only English king to be known as \"the Great\".",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-816294ed8fb448a29f9903cf08add776",
            "input": "One man by this name and numerical designation founded the Patarine party, which opposed the marriage of priests, and was elected pope after serving as Bishop of Lucca until 1061. Another man married Henry III's sister Joan and signed the Treaty of York in 1237 after succeeding his father William I as King of Scotland in 1214. Another personage with this name took advice from his minister, Pyotr Shuvalov, throughout his reign, and was honored for his defeat of the Turks with a statue in the middle of Sofia; he also signed the 1856 Treaty of Paris and put down a Polish insurrection. FTP identify this common name and number which most famously identifies the Russian czar who freed the serfs in 1861 and was assassinated by the People's Will in 1881.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-165bb70f47644f639ee56e8d075f40c1",
            "input": "In one of this man's works, Agrippina refuses to part with her son and her control over his empire while he's distracted trying to win Junia from the title character. In addition to writing Brittanicus, this man wrote a work which begins when - Osmin brings news of the sultan Amurat and sees the title character make up with the Western woman Roxane, Bajazet. This author of a play about the lover of Titus, Berenice, wrote a play in which the title character is sacrificed on the order of her father Agamemnon for favorable winds, Iphegenie. In his best known play, the title character is the daughter of Pasiphae and the wife of Theseus. For 10 points, identify this dramatist who frequently adapted works of Greek mythology to the French stage and wrote Phedre.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6239855a0e9c43beb870353b4a80c557",
            "input": "One of his essays divides the title entities into the Sacred and the Profane. In addition to Magic, Science, and Religion, he defined his field as the study of institutions that satisfy human needs in A Scientific Theory of Culture. He wrote the introduction to a work about the Kikuyu, and he published several works while in exile in Papua New Guinea. For 10 points, name this author of Coral Gardens and Their Magic, who discussed The Departure of an Overseas Expedition and the Trobriand Islanders Kula Exchange in Argonauts of the Western Pacific.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6c33de63c604437a362586ba97ce671",
            "input": "This man signed the Treaty of Pressburg alongside Austrian representatives. Pope Pius VI excommunicated this man for his support of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. He persuaded Barras to resign whilst executing the coup of 18 Brumaire. Later, he was made the ambassador to Great Britain following the July Revolution. He negotiated most of the 1802 Treaty of (*) Amiens with Great Britain and he demanded that a delegation consisting of Elbridge Gerry, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and John Marshall pay him a bribe to speak to three agents during the XYZ affair. For 10 points, name this diplomat who represented France at the Congress of Vienna.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5589616155ba40babfcc1a1863d264e7",
            "input": "Author of the novella The Earthquake in Chile and the tragedy The Warrior's Battle, this dramatist explained his style in the essay \"On the Puppet-Theater. \" Although he penned the comedy The Broken Jug, he is better known for his dramatic works, which include Penthesilia and Prince Friedrich of Hamburg. FTP, name this first of the great 19th century German dramatists, author of the novellas The Marquise of O and Michael Kohlhaas.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4873f01f406048eabe228e9d08b6724c",
            "input": "At a bloody battle in this conflict, one side took advantage of the direction of the wind to send volleys of bodkin arrows at the enemy without them being able to effectively fire back. The sons of men killed in their conflict walked arm-in-arm with their fathers' killers in what became known as a \"love-day\" procession. One leader in this conflict convinced his troops that the appearance of a parhelion meant that God was on their side, which is why one of its battles is named Mortimer's Cross. Edmund, Duke of Somerset was defeated and killed by the forces of Richard Neville and Richard, Duke of York at this conflict's first major battle, First St Albans. Richard III was killed at its last major battle, Bosworth Field. For 10 points, name this series of wars between supporters of the House of Lancaster and of the House of York, named for the flowers which symbolized the rival houses.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de74fa43573e434ebe9e5a504cfa8107",
            "input": "One character in this work received a career boost from literary critic Leonard Upjohn, and that character creates a metaphor about how we must each make our mark in life's carpet. The protagonist allows an old flame to go on holiday with Harry Griffiths, and in his earlier days renounces religion after discussions with Weeks and Hayward. In an earlier episode, Fanny hangs herself as a result of hopeless love. The novel ends with the protagonist's proposal to Sally Athelney, but earlier he is nearly consumed by anger after his rejection by the waitress Mildred Rogers. FTP, identify this novel by W. Somerset Maugham about the club-footed Philip Carey.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2cf0d89f56904b17a8c87fb1db194d17",
            "input": "Until recently, the known recorded history of these people consisted of a single document called the Edict of Telipinus. Their Indo-European language was referred to by native speakers as Nesite. After the turmoil caused by Sea Peoples, their empire disintegrated into city-states in their so-called Neo period. At their height, their empire spanned central Anatolia, northwestern Syria and upper Mesopotamia. For ten points, identify these people defeated by the forces of Rameses II at the Battle of Kadesh; foreign rulers of Egypt during the New Kingdom known for their chariots and iron weapons.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d53ae983c8c44836abff6a27ea30c51e",
            "input": "Menstrauting women are exempt from this in the period that Ba'hai dedicates to it in March. George Whitfield's sermon, \"The Almost Christian,\" argues that this practice, along with mortification, is essential to Christianity. The Eastern Orthodox Church dedicates four \"seasons\" to it, and Tertullian was the first Christian to advocate it as part of regular worship. The assassination of Gedalia is one day on which it is practiced in Judaism, while in Islam, it is interrupted by an itfar. Esther did it for several days prior to visiting Ahashverash, and a noted example of it ends with the Eid al-Fitr. FTP, name this religious practice observed during Yom Kippur and the daylight hours of Ramadan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9b444b0c49a4e6c898ca3aa887327bd",
            "input": "Aram Khachaturian's third symphony includes 15 solo ones of these instruments, and the first movement of Gustav Mahler's first symphony calls for these instruments playing offstage. This instrument poses the title inquiry of Charles Ives's The Unanswered Question, while Joseph Haydn's only work for the chromatic type of this instrument was a concerto dedicated to Anton (*) Weidinger. The \"piccolo\" type of this instrument is pitched an octave higher than the standard B-flat type of this three-valved instrument, which is a close relative of the cornet. For ten points, name this brass instrument with the highest register, notably played by Miles Davis and Louis Armstrong.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-64dcf21a8cd24723b32ac5f09e42038f",
            "input": "Ted Rose did a watercolor \"Revisited\" version of this work into which he inserts an incredulous officer of the law with his white dog. In the upper left-hand corner of this painting one can see that the windows have their blinds halfway down, and the shops below are bare. Two large percolators sit on a counter toward the back next to a door with a window but no knob. The clothes of the people inside the all-night diner bring to mind the 1930s and early 40s, as well as the lettering which reveals the name of the \"lunch-counter\" as being Phillies. FTP, name this painting by Edward Hopper.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-55c09d3e747e417d977ecbe070f2a0d5",
            "input": "For the lattices in a genus, this quantity can be found using the Smith-Minkowski-Siegal formula. This quantity for an atomic nucleus can be found using an equation that has volume, asymmetry, and Coloumb terms among others, Wiezsackers formula. Einstein and Galileo both lend their names to equivalence principles that relate two forms of this quantity, and under special relativity, this quantity is equal to total energy divided by the speed of light squared. For 10 points, name this quantity, which equals force over acceleration by Newtons second law.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2235d416b8434a35ae33f3844cc8cd54",
            "input": "A class of proteins that contain a baculovirus internal repeat, including XIAP and hIAP1 and 2, are responsible for inhibiting this process, and that protein is inhibited by Smac and Omi. Protein 14-3-3controls this process, and is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with CJD. Another series of proteins responsible for regulating this process contain some combination of domains BH1 through 4; the prototype of that family is Bcl-2. Methods of assaying for this process include watching for the exclusion of the dye tryphan blue or nick-end labelling via the TUNEL assay. This process occurs interdigitally during limb development, during selection of T-cells, and exactly 191 times during the development of C. elegans. For 10 points, name this process, known as programmed cell death.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a79df21d2fd4098950444db6abdc608",
            "input": "In first trimester fetuses, this organ is the primary producer of red blood cells. As blood flows into this organ through the portal vein, sugars are converted into glycogen which is stored until needed. These organs in polar bears contain toxic amounts of retinol. It secretes about a quart of bile, and a yellowness of the skin called jaundice can occur when it malfunctions. Excessive alcohol consumption can cause cirrhosis of this organ. For 10 points, name this largest gland in the body, which removes toxins from the blood.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be04971a216e4535aef7e3301d616004",
            "input": "The eastern shore of this island features Tintingue Bay, which is across from the much smaller Nosy   Boraha Island. Its southwest coast is known for its spiny thickets, and its west coast includes the port  of Mahajanga and is near Juan de Nova Island. Some of the islands northwest of this one include   Mayotte, Comoros, and the Glorioso Islands. This island is the native home of lemurs, and islands  further off its east coast include Mauritius and Reunion [rayn-yaw]. Name this island home of the  nation whose capital is Antananarivo, located between the Mozambique Channel and Indian Ocean  off the east coast of Africa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0724866dffcd4de7b055dd308b5a9fd0",
            "input": "The final movement of one of this composer's works opens with a pseudo-fanfare for bass drum, cymbals, and timpani, while that work's first movement closes with a run of triplets up the keyboard along an F Major 6 chord. A tone poem by this man features a brief celesta solo in its slow section and sees a trumpet play the so-called \"homesickness blues\" solo. His best-known work premiered on a program called \"An Experiment in Modern Music\" and was orchestrated by Ferde Grofe; for that work, Ross Gorman improvised the opening clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this composer of the Concerto in F, An American in Paris, and Rhapsody in Blue.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a918563fdb84ef5a091b333a82df96a",
            "input": "This city was the inspiration for Ernest Burgess's concentric zone model of city growth. It contains a toll road known as the \"Skyway\", and this city's namesake river had its flow reversed in the early 20th Century as a sewage control measure. Home to Millennium Park and an 1893 World's Fair famous for its \"White City\", the downtown configuration of this city's elevated railways name its central business district, the Loop. For 10 points, name this \"windy\" city on Lake Michigan, the largest in Illinois and the entire Midwestern US.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f44544d8b5a94896884638ee7bdbcbf6",
            "input": "Located in the Contarelli Chapel in the Church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome, the only object visible in the background of this work is a window of a tavern. The titular figure sits on the far left with his head bowed and a light shining on him from the upper right, and a man in the middle of the table points at him in surprise. Jesus, mostly hidden behind St. Peter on the far right, also points at the titular figure, indicating him to follow in, FTP, what great tenebrist painting by Caravaggio",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-790ac4426bfe49afbe7f1c855024fce4",
            "input": "One of its major southeastern towns is found on the Hyblaei Hills, and much of its agriculture takes place on the Plain of Catania. Madonie Park is a major preserve in its north, and this home to such provinces as Enna and Raguse has such major urban areas as Noto. The autonomous region dominated by this territory also includes Pelagie, Panteleria, Egadi, and Lipari. For 10 points, name this home to Mount Etna and Syracuse, an island found across the Strait of Messina from the city of Reggio on the southwest of the mainlaind of Italy.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d797d63361748dfb8b3365fcff84905",
            "input": "When Mahler conducted this opera in Vienna, he inserted a trial scene from the play on which it was based. \"Voi che sapete\" and \"Porgi amor\" are notable arias from this opera whose complications result in part from the page Cherubino's attachment to Barbarina, the gardener's daughter. Susanna dresses as the Countess to trick the title character, while Count Almaviva tries to seduce his own wife, who is dressed as Susanna, the bride-to-be. With libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte, FTP, what is this Mozart opera based on a Beaumarchais play concerning the wedding of a former barber of Seville",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ec76a2590e54c218c0a344e25356fca",
            "input": "Among his few reliefs are his Annunciation for the Cavalcanti Chapel and the putti for his pulpit of the Prato Cathedral. His sought greater expressiveness with his early prophets Jeremiah though he created a very placid St. George for the (*) Or San Michele. His middle period includes an enormous equestrian statue in Padua, while his late work includes a desiccated wooden Mary Magdalene, as well as a stoic Judith Slaying Holofernes, the latter of which stood in the courtyard of the Palazzo Medici opposite another victorious slayer he created who wears only boots and a feathered hat. For 10 points, name this Renaissance sculptor of the most famous bronze David.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4cbcd09ee2bb40eeb429eaaafd0e1936",
            "input": "One type of this procedure may use a device called a Kugelrohr (KOO-gehl-roar) and is the \"\"vacuum\"\" type. This process utilizes another apparatus that may be named after either Vigreux (vih-GROO) or Liebig (LEE-big). One key principle in this procedure is Raoult's (raw-OOLT's) Law, since it describes the vapor pressure of a solution. A compound on which this procedure cannot be performed is called an azeotrope (AY-zee-oh-trope). For 10 points, name this method of physically separating liquids by boiling.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f91b611e6cbf44d5b443a3c8fea638a3",
            "input": "A conversation between Arleigh Burke and Cat Brown in the leadup to this conflict saw Brown question whose side are we on Charles Keightley led one operation in this conflict, dubbed Musketeer, and another commander drew flak for his bloody attack on Jebel Heitan. Moshe Dayan attempted to take the Mitla Pass in Operation Kadesh, an early campaign in this conflict. Christian Pineau and Maurice Challe were two French negotiators at the secret Protocols of Sevres, which discussed this conflict. The United Nations Emergency Forces proposed during this conflict earned Lester Pearson a Peace Nobel, and this conflict began during a speech in which the name Ferdinand De Lesseps was intentionally mispronounced, leading to the nationalization of a trade route. For 10 points, name this standoff that pitted Britain, France, and Israel against Nasser, and that toppled the government of Anthony Eden.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09de96ebcd4248568f7a54356078ed32",
            "input": "She described a town whose reputation grows by word of mouth despite only one family actually living there in one unfinished work, while in another unfinished work, she wrote about the arrogant Tom Musgrave and Lord Osborne, who live near to the title family. This author of Sandition and The Watsons wrote one work under the guise of \"a partial, prejudiced, & ignorant historian\" and declared that Richard III must have been \"a very respectable man\", as he was a Lancastrian. That work, The History of England, was published posthumously with another work, consisting entirely of letters to Isabel, Marianne, and Laura, and was subtitled \"A collection of juvenile writings\". For 10 pointsname this author of Love and Freindship, who also wrote about Fanny Price, Anne Elliot, and Catherine Morland in her novels Mansfield Park, Persuasion, and Northanger Abbey.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8315b81f6ea74cb385fe8dea0f38167f",
            "input": "The RAG-1 gene is expressed only in the stages when recombination is taking place in these molecules. This discovery first grew out of Susumo Tonegawa's experiments on recombination's cause for their diversity. They exist as two sets of polypeptides, each present in duplicate and divided into a variable and constant region, and with the larger termed the heavy chain and the smaller termed the light chain. In humans, they are divided into five classes referred to as immunoglobulins. For 10 points - name these proteins that are produced as a result of an antigenic stimulus.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76736710373a4fd281a7230c07883912",
            "input": "Two of the four circles that can be drawn at any point on this shape are named for Villarceau. An integrable Hamiltonian system can only move on a surface with this shape according to the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theorem. Like the Klein bottle, it has an Euler characteristic of zero. At most, seven colors are used be used to color a map of this shape, according to the Heawood conjecture. Its surface area equals four pi squared times the product of the inner and outer radii. It is topologically defined as the product of two circles. For 10 points, name this three-dimensional surface shaped like a doughnut.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5c74393751146138bec797532cca3b9",
            "input": "section of this work includes an anecdote about a general whose recreational jeep ride is interrupted by a military policeman until he dons his hat. This work also includes an extract from William Sansom's novel A Contest of Ladies about a man named Preedy who goes to the beach and reads a Spanish translation of Homer. This work envisions a \"basic social coin\" with awe on one side and shame on the other in discussing \"mystification. \" This work divides \"secrets\" into classes like \"inside,\" \"strategic,\" and \"dark,\" and it labels groups of collaborators with inside knowledge as \"teams. \" This work's first chapter discusses the importance of using \"idealization\" in shaping the \"front,\" and it distinguishes between the rigid \"front stage\" and the looser \"back stage. \" For 10 points, name this work, which uses an extended theater analogy to present a dramaturgical approach to human action, written by Erving Goffman.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91f748cf75ed4e36b54231ddb332ab43",
            "input": "Friedrich Nietzsche, in Ecce Homo, wrote that he feels \"warmest\" in proximity to this philosopher, because this philosopher affirms the need for destruction. Hegel, in his Lectures on the History of Philosophy, claims that his own logic adapts all the thought of this man, who proposed a cosmic \"downward path\" and \"upward path.\" A finger-wagging follower of this man discusses the nature of words in Plato's dialogue Cratylus. This man's term aletheia was glossed as \"disclosure\" of truth by Martin Heidegger. This native of Ephesus discussed the attunement of the bow and lyre, and posited a unity of opposites. His belief in nature as \"flux\" might explain his adage that you can't step in the same river twice. For 10 points, name this pre-Socratic who said all things come from and return to fire.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4451d4fa8fc54c25928e1c5fb36989fe",
            "input": "Cost-push inflation occurs as a result of the decline in it paired with an increase in the price level, while demand-pull inflation is caused by a rise in it as well as the price level. Calculated through either the circular flow model or the income approach, the ratio of capital stock over it is known as the capital-output ratio, and when unadjusted for price, it is referred to as nominal. The total value of all final goods and services produced in an economy with resources from that economy, FTP, identify this economic value also known as the GDP.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-157d80e7219f46f4a8fd21651d5a1db7",
            "input": "Publishing sequences of this type of poem became popular in England after the publication of Sir Philip Sidney's Astrophel and Stella. In this type of poem, the volta, or turn, often comes in the ninth line. One poet wrote primarily in his own form of this style to his love Laura. Another writer who names a form of this type of poem wrote ones including \"\"My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun\"\" and \"\"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day. \"\" For 10 points, name this poetic form used by Petrarch and Shakespeare, consisting of fourteen lines.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b4616c0754c41f39679ed638039faf7",
            "input": "According to a 1990 paper by Klein and Seiler, power-law corrections to the Kubo formula vanish in systems undergoing this effect. U(1) Kac-Moody algebras describe certain entities associated with one form of this effect. Low energy excitations at an \"edge\" associated with that form are identical to those of a one-dimensional Luttinger liquid. Robert (*) Laughlin won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of that anomalous version, later termed \"fractional,\" while the discovery of the \"integer\" version was also rewarded with a Nobel Prize, for Klaus von Klitzing. For 10 points, the application of a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of current flow results in a third perpendicular voltage quantized in multiples of h over e squared in what effect",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-112da2330b384c45ba462171be86a723",
            "input": "This mans operas The Devils Palace of Desire and Fernando were flops. He composed the lied Die Forelle, which became the basis for his popular Trout Quintet. He wrote incidental music to the play Rosamunde in addition to the Little C Major symphony. Like Mahler, he did a Tragic symphony, and this composers lieder include Der Erlkonig, Death and the Maiden, and Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel. For 10 points, name this composer whose work was catalogued by Otto Deutsch, the composer of the Unfinished Eighth symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a4eb935116740029890c4b025f73f98",
            "input": "One group celebrates this holiday by waking up before sunrise and taking a bath in oil. The last day of this holiday is dedicated to sisters, who place vermilion masks on their brothers foreheads. Occurring on the dawn of Ammavaasa in the month of Kartik, this holiday commemorates the legend of King Bali, and its celebrants light diyas and exchange sweets to commemorate the birth of Lakshmi. Celebrating the victory of Rama over Ravana, this five-day festival features brilliantly colored fireworks and candles. For 10 points, name this Hindu holiday, known as the festival of lights.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1146afabaaf149dcb79da247604ee774",
            "input": "One literary example of a character with this profession is Joseph Rouletabille, whose interactions with a \"\"yellow room\"\" were written about by Gaston Leroux. Another man with this profession learns about the drowning of Marie Roget and finds an incriminating letter hiding in plain sight on a letter rack. That character with this profession deduces that an orangutan is responsible for some deaths on the Rue Morgue. For 10 points, Poe's C. Auguste Dupin is an early example of what crime-solving profession",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f00dd0cff7f24e31b8f7ce8b4969e55f",
            "input": "This composer imitated the song of a starling in a sextet whose score is rife with incorrect notes, A Musical Joke, and he wrote his clarinet concerto in A major for Anton Stadler. This man composed a fugue based on five themes in the fourth movement of his last symphony. His eleventh piano sonata ends with a \"rondo alla turca.\"  Franz Sussmayer completed this composer's Requiem in D minor, which was left unfinished at his early death. For  10 points, name this Austrian composer of the Haffner, Prague, and Jupiter symphonies as well as the operas Don Giovanni and The Magic Flute.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9fca4c3748f4ebdb165ac0ab3910d77",
            "input": "He wrote about Montgomery Marvin getting in trouble with the government for his overly zealous philanthropy based on liberal agenda in A Tenured Professor. He discussed tulipmania and the South Sea bubble in his A Short History of Financial Euphoria, while he predicted that the American economy would be controlled by big businesses, labor, and activist governments in American Capitalism: The Concept of Countervailing Power. Besides serving as presidential advisor to Franklin Roosevelt, he wrote about the start of the Great Depression in The Great Crash, 1929. FTP, name this economist who wrote The New Industrial State and coined the term conventional wisdom in his 1958 book Affluent Society.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d5fae22c70c345babef346b0ff205b88",
            "input": "This dynasty saw the rule of the Zhengtong Emperor, who was defeated and captured by Mongols in the Tumu Crisis. It was forced to stop naval trade because wokou pirates swarmed its coastline. This dynasty saw the visit of the Jesuit priest Matteo Ricci, and its last emperor decided to hang himself on a tree behind the Forbidden City before Li Zicheng's rebellion succeeded. Its founder, the (*) Hongwu Emperor, rose to power in the Red Turban Rebellion, and under Yongle this dynasty moved its capital to Beijing. This dynasty saw voyages of the eunuch Zheng He and the introduction of porcelain. For ten points, name this Chinese dynasty that was overthrown by the Manchus and ruled between the Yuan and the Qing.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71120abc89084338b103f9629d0b1ffa",
            "input": "Later interpreted using the \"rule of reason,\" it was applied to labor unions in in re Debs after its scope was limited in 1893's E.C. Knight decision, which found that sugar refining was not subject to this law. It was expanded by a law regulating interlocking directorates and price discrimination called the \"Magna Carta of labor\" by Samuel Gompers, and was used against Northern Securities by Theodore Roosevelt. It wasn't until 1911, however, when it finally attained its ostensible goal by securing the breakup of Standard Oil. FTP, name this law against monopolies and cartels named for an Ohio Senator and former Secretary of the Treasury.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb55129bb6e64cfd906cd739faf48f23",
            "input": "It first started in response to dissatisfaction with the Prince of Korchin and spread after the Triads joined in. Its leader had studied under American Isaachar Roberts, who later called him \"a coolie king . . . crazy and unfit to rule. \"  The last major offensive during it was put down by Frederick Townsend and the Ever-Victorious Army, which was later commanded by Charles George Gordon. Protestant missionaries converted the movement's leader to Christianity but did not predict that he would claim to be the brother of Jesus. Fought in support of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace, FTP, name this Chinese religious uprising that lasted from 1850 to 1864.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-614c510d186b4fd4bb27aa3fd7c99819",
            "input": "Originally owned by Marchal de Crquy, the center of this painting shows an elderly woman in an orange tunic, who would be used as a model for a character in Gericault's Massacre at Chios. A dark sky and a temple in the background set off the action in the foreground. Two babies lie crying on the bottom, on the right a man wears yellow armor modeled after the ancient 'lorica,' while on the left Romulus, dressed in a red cloak, watches as the titular action is carried out. Held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art --for 10 points-- name this Poussin work which depicts the Roman army taking women of the namesake tribe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-474b2d4e55184aa7a628911f44af4da7",
            "input": "One character in this story drinks whenever there is a cross on the calendar and only has one eye. Since he did not follow the standard procedure, the protagonist is yelled at by a \"prominent personage,\" who is later visited by a ghost in a carriage. After attending a party hosted by his co-worker, this story's protagonist is robbed of the titular object, which cost 80 rubles and was made by the (*) tailor Petrovich. The copyist Akaki Akakievich (ah-KAI ah-KAI-ee-vich) is the owner of the titular garment in, for 10 points, what short story by Nikolai Gogol",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3aa63033e1b54376922006b035a0df1d",
            "input": "In the lead-up to this event, George Clymer ineptly traveled the countryside in disguise, originally saying he was Henry Knox. During this event, Robert Johnson was tarred and feathered while John Neville was burned in effigy. Mediators at the conventions held to prevent this conflict from occurring included Albert Gallatin, a future Treasury Secretary, and (*) Hugh Henry Brackenridge. One side in this conflict was derisively nicknamed the Watermelon Army. After Governor Mifflin refused to raise the militia to suppress it, Lighthorse Harry Lee commanded the militia sent by George Washington to western Pennsylvania to quash it. For 10 points, name this rebellion which was sparked by an excise tax on the namesake drink.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24799745b67148929913e5349d0eb7a6",
            "input": "This nation's port cities include Cristobal and Almirante, while its main mountain range is alternately known as the Cordillera de Talamanca and the Serrania de Tabasara. Its most notable geographical feature utilizes the Miraflores and Gatun Lakes and features extensive (*) locks near both those bodies of water. For 10 points, name this Central American country that borders Colombia and is home to a namesake canal.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3462cf16fd3048b8b57c6ee9b5548890",
            "input": "One section of this work is sung in falsetto by a swan being roasted on a spit and is titled \"Once I had dwelt on lakes,\" while another section requires a baritone to sing falsetto and is called \"Dies, nox et omnia. \" The latter is found in the third section of this work, \"The Court of Love,\" while the \"Reie\" dance is featured in the scene \"On the Lawn,\" which is found in its section \"Springtime. \" Opening a triptych that ends with Trionfo di Afrodite, it was first performed in Frankfurt in 1937, and its first and last sections are titled after a certain \"Imperatrix Mundi. \" For 10 points, identify this cantata that begins and ends with \"O Fortuna,\" a work of Carl Orff.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84df1ee8ec90483a99f789afb4fdb51a",
            "input": "This novel includes a search for the iyi uwa, a sacred stone that links the ogbanje Ezinma with the spirit world. In this novel, the District Commissioner wrote a study of the Igbo people entitled \"\"The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger. \"\" The protagonist's son Nwoye is converted to Christianity in this novel, which describes the colonization of Umuofia. For 10 points, name this novel in which Okonkwo hangs himself, a work by Chinua Achebe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed84ad9d16b3460f9ce7935a7e91d019",
            "input": "His rule of greatest simplicity postulated that if two elements form only one compound, than the compound has the simplest composition: one atom of each element. His most famous theory includes Lavoisier's postulate of the conservation of mass and explains Proust's law of definite proportions. His law states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures. FTP, name this English chemist who proposed the atomic theory of matter.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9307c2e881fe459caf8ba124b5fb7eb7",
            "input": "The real part of the Clausius-Mossoti factor determines the direction of the force exerted by this. The Wannier-Stark problem involves exactly solving the Schrodinger equation for a single electron in a crystal subjected to a constant, external one of these. By Faradays Law of Induction, the partial time derivative of the magnetic field is equal to the curl of this. Nonuniform ones can induce dielectrophoresis, and the integral of it with respect to distance is electrical potential. For 10 points, name this field that surrounds point charges, denoted E.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-114fa64b8a0745f4bfb03b651d5da897",
            "input": "Two answers required. They figure prominently in the opening chapter of the book of Malachi, where God reminds the Israelites that he is all-loving and above the law because he chose to save one and destroy the other. One had two concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah, while the others name translated from Hebrew means hairy. With the help of their mother, one tricked the other into giving up his birthright for a bowl of soup to fulfill the prophecy that \"the last shall be first\". For 10 points, name these twin sons of Rebekah and Isaac, the younger of whom fathered Joseph.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d18fb7baf87e4258ad49ceeaa58c6784",
            "input": "His work explaining the instability of James Watt's fly-ball governor is regarded as the birth of modern control theory, and his mathematical analysis of the stability of Saturn's rings showed that they could be neither entirely solid nor liquid. He showed how to calculate stresses in suspension bridges and coined the term \"curl\" to use in the differential form of his most famous accomplishment; however, the only other real work he did on it was the addition of a term for \"displacement current. \"  FTP identify this British physicist best known for combining his revision of Ampere's Law with Faraday's Law and Gauss's Laws of Electricity and Magnetism to produce his four namesake \"equations\" governing electromagnetism.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18c4f33478534e52a0373fa205b0c185",
            "input": "According to Gauss's Polynomial Theorem, a reducible polynomial with coefficients of this type can be factored into two polynomials with coefficients of this type. The Gaussian numbers of this type include a complex part, and a ring with no zero divisors is known as this type of domain. Leopold Kronecker hoped to ground analysis entirely in this set of numbers. This set can be extended from a smaller one by including the (*) additive inverses of successors to zero as defined by the Peano axioms. The floor and ceiling functions output a number of this type, and every rational number is a quotient of two of these numbers. For 10 points, name this set of numbers symbolized Z which includes 0, the natural numbers, and their negatives.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c7c24d750354987b656772405ca70c8",
            "input": "The desire to introduce it to the path integral expression for the canonical partition function led Cao and Berne to devise a free energy version of it. It can be contrasted with a method that uses the extended Lagrangian approach and is named for Car and Parrinello. An extension of it to transitions between electronic energy levels leads to the Franck-Condon principle. It neglects vibronic coupling, one form of which is the Renner-Teller effect, and it often breaks down in diatomic molecules. Derived by using the Eckart conditions, it is used to alleviate the task of computing a molecule's energy and wave-function, and it divides the latter into electronic and nuclear components because of the large nuclear mass. For 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous approximation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c4b86c389084dca87e6e5f190201d81",
            "input": "Norman Gross proposed that one form of this material has optimum conduction properties in the rolling direction due to its highly ordered crystals. A \"rimmed\" form of this material is characterized by a highly segregated ingot. Equilibrium forms of this material include cementite and austenite, which form lamellar structures in its pearlite microstructure. Rapid cooling of austenite can produce forms not found on its phase diagram, such as martensite. Historical methods of production resulted in the sponge, crucible, and Wootz varieties of this material. Adding tungsten prevents the degradation of this material at high temperature, while the addition of chromium to this material greatly improves its corrosion resistance. For 10 points, the Bessemer process allowed the mass production of what alloy of carbon and iron",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f8c715293814d32b447711e418cae34",
            "input": "This compound is transformed into 1,4-cyclohexadiene in the Birch reduction and can undergo the Friedel-Crafts acylation while in the presence of a strong Lewis acid. This compound has 4n + 2 delocalized electrons where n=1, therefore fulfilling Huckel's rule. Two of these molecules fused together results in naphthalene and when a hydroxyl group replaces one of this molecule's hydrogens, phenol results. This compound's structure was theorized by [*] Kekule and it is depicted as a circle inside a hexagon because of its ring of delocalized electrons. For 10 points, name this simplest aromatic hydrocarbon that has alternating double and single bonds, with formula C6H6.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a38fdee05404a8ca7654e9393a64a49",
            "input": "Various phenomena associated with this force can be described by the creation and annihilation of modes called shearons. Defects along a surface can lead to energetic corrugations resulting in this force according to the Tomlinson model, which describes it on the atomic level. The triboelectric effect is charging as a consequence of this force, whose skin variety occurs at a body-fluid interface. It is independent of surface area according to one of Amontons Laws, and superlubricity is the total absence of this force. For 10 points, identify this force which is perpendicular to the normal force and provides resistance when two surfaces slide over each other.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7297eda97ea247b7a24386b16704bbac",
            "input": "This city has a six hundred year old Orloj, or astronomical clock, on its Old Town City Hall. The Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire-inspired Dancing House was built in this city by architect Frank Gehry. A bridge in this city with 30 statues along its sides was started in 1357 and became known as the Charles Bridge. That bridge crosses the Vltava River (VOL-tah-vah) in this city. For 10 points, name this city in Eastern Europe that is both the largest in and the capital city of the Czech Republic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c440202ce4242048086ab15d8c336d0",
            "input": "He prompted the creation of the world when he put his foot in the water in order to lure the great caiman Tlatechutli, who bit off his foot and took her jaw. Associated with the flint knife, or tecpatl, he also created the first dogs by cutting off the heads of Tata and Nene and attaching them to the buttocks. The ruler of Mictlan, this dark god's name means \"smoking mirror\" in reference to the feature in his chest. FTP, identify this Aztec god of evil and enemy of Quetzalcoatl.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f39000c3aeae415aab43ae90008268a9",
            "input": "This man directed an exhibition whose posters showed Victorian living rooms crossed out by big red X's. This man designed an all-glass skyscraper consisting of three spearhead-plan towers arranged in a triangular plan. A house he designed features linear, stand-alone walls that jut out into the surrounding landscape in three directions. This man rocketed to international prominence with a quartet of never-built projects: the Concrete Office Building, the Concrete Country House, the Brick Country House, and the [*] Friedrichstrasse Skyscraper. This man was the first to design an all steel- frame apartment building, which he included at the Weissenhofsiedlung exhibition he directed. Upon moving to America, he designed the IIT campus and the Lake Shore Drive apartments. For 10 points, name this German architect of the International Style who proclaimed \"less is more.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fde54efdac3548c9b6ac20b88aac4657",
            "input": "In the catalyst for an enantioselective Sharpless epoxidation, this element's isopropoxide forms a complex with DET. This element's ability to osseointegrate has made it ubiquitous in meshes bone replacement therapies such as replacement of skull following brain surgery. It can be extracted from the ilmenite and rutile ores using either the Hunter process or a process where its tetrachloride is dropped on molten magnesium, the commercialized Kroll process. The chloride of this element is included in a complex with aluminum is useful in producing polyolefins in its role in Ziegler-Natta catalysts. For 10 points, name this corrosion-resistant transition metal with atomic number 22 and symbol Ti.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9284c42d0a11400a9fb6f9121c14d9ba",
            "input": "one play by this author, a character wins 25,000 dollars by entering a store-bought cake into a competition under the name Uncle Henry. In that play, a grandmother reveals that the central couple had adopted a child from Mrs. Barker's agency and mutilated it to death when it misbehaved. The Young Man appears halfway through that one act play by this author, which is set in Mommy and Daddy's living room. In another of his plays, a character repeatedly protests that he works in biology instead of math and watches a tense moment broken by an umbrella fired from a faux shotgun. This author of The American Dream created a character who recites part of the Dies Irae and claims his invented son died in a car accident. That character appears in his play which includes the sections \"Fun and Games\" and \"The Exorcism\" and sees Nick and Honey visit George and Martha. For 10 points, name this author of Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-661cde0a34a7459e802e1113ee37354f",
            "input": "One early member of this faith founded what would become Cheshnut College for Ministers after six students of this faith were expelled from St. Edmund Hall. That woman, Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, was instrumental to founding one offshoot of this faith, whose members congregate in societies called \"connections.\" The creation of this religious denomination was inspired by Clement of Alexandria's description of a perfect Christian, and the preaching of this denomination was based on its founder's Sermons and Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament. This denomination was first established in the United States at the Christmas Conference led by two men appointed co-superintendents by this faith's primary founder, Francis Asbury and Thomas Coke and adheres to its founder's namesake \"quadrilateral\" of scripture, tradition, reason, and experience. For 10 points, name this Protestant Christian denomination primarily based on the teachings of John Wesley.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f18d7aadc8847d6b9593382ce8bd43c",
            "input": "This man created a three-movement piano sonata while studying under Rubin Goldmark, and later wrote the film scores to Of Mice and Men and Our Town. This composer of a Short Symphony wrote a piece which incorporates folk songs like \"Camptown Races\" as well as the title figure's (*) speeches and letters, while another of his works for percussion and brass was intended to foster patriotism during World War II and is now often played at presidential inaugurations. This man also composed a ballet score commissioned by Martha Graham that depicts a celebration of Pennsylvanian pioneers. For ten points, name this American composer of A Lincoln Portrait, Appalachian Spring, and Fanfare for the Common Man.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a29682d1ce69475e9b82e815a5288b91",
            "input": "When one character in this novel asks where the light came from on the first day of creation when God created the stars on the fourth day, his teacher says \"I'll show you where\" and slaps him. One character in this novel stops six children from throwing stones at a boy who then bites him in the finger. In one scene in this novel, Father Ferapont castigates the smell of decay that arises instead of an expected miracle from the corpse of Father Zosima. In a story within this novel, the title character arrests Jesus Christ for dooming mankind by giving it freedom of choice. Two characters served by Smerdyakov vie for Grushenka in this novel that features the parable of the Grand Inquisitor. For 10 points, Dmitri, Ivan, and Alyosha are the title characters of what novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ac21fd2db0c4851b46d0c24c144be1e",
            "input": "The title character of one of this composer's works says that everyone knows how good the people she grew up with are in the aria \"Chacun le sait\", while in another work, the title character and her lover sing the parting duet \"Verranno a te sull'aura\" at the end of Act I. One of his operas features \"Ardon gl'incensi\" and \"Spargi d'amaro pianto\" as the two parts of one scene, while in another, the aria \"Ah! mes amis, quel jour de fte! \" is sung by the Tyrolian peasant Tonio, who is in love with the title orphan, Marie. In another of his operas, the success of the title object causes the lover of Adina, Nemorino, to sing the aria \"Una furtiva lagrima\". In the aforementioned Mad Scene, the title character crazily stabs her betrothed Arturo to death. For 10 points, name this composer of operas like The Daughter of the Regiment, The Elixir of Love, and Lucia di Lammermoor.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0911a061ef7047f19515f6fb94cb356d",
            "input": "This man was the first to recognize the rebels during the North Yemen Civil War. This man created a one-party system called the Liberation Rally. After an assassination attempt, this man banned the Muslim Brotherhood, and he earlier joined with Muhammed Naguib in forming the [*] Free Officers movement and deposing King Farouk I. This man joined his nation with Syria to create the United Arab Republic. The Aswan High Dam's reservoir was named for him, and this man sparked a crisis when he nationalized the Suez Canal. For 10 points, name this predecessor of Anwar Sadat who served as President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a1bcf6ea643493ebeefdb1909f9a65e",
            "input": "Throughout this musical work, the same theme is taken up by different combinations of instruments, constantly increasing the sonority of the piece until the full force of the orchestra makes a final, thunderous statement of the theme just before its conclusion. Its single theme is in two sections, the first heard in the flute and clarinet, the second in the bassoon and clarinet. During a slow, 17-minute long crescendo, a side drum punctuates the Spanish dance rhythm for which it is named. FTP, what is this most-famous piece by Maurice Ravel",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8662410e3eea4e6ba8d8f890e3e94b94",
            "input": "In an early work, this man argued that humans reach new realms of self-consciousness when they find themselves in unconditioned moments he termed limit situations. This man rejected the doctrine of de-mythologization during a public dispute with Rodolf Bultmann over the methodology of religious studies. His concept of the cipher can be used to communicate between all metaphysical systems. He used the term objectivized cages to describe human world views, which he categorized in an early work. This author of The Atom Bomb and the Future of Man argued that unfettered public debate, social spheres without government planning, and national identification with basic rights was necessary to avoid totalitarianism. He argued that the emergence of political systems with many small states can lead to classes of wandering scholars and revolutionary new thinking. For ten points, name this author of The Origin and Goal of History and Reason and Existenz, a psychologist-turned philosopher who introduced the concept of the Axial Age.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcfa8468fb654a95ae066dfcac3a20cb",
            "input": "He ended his life as king of Illyricum and went to Elysium after he and his wife fulfilled a prophecy. This son of Telephassa and Agenor, the rulers of Phoenicia, succeeded at a task in which his four brothers could not. At the end of his life he and his wife Harmonia are turned into snakes, but this has occurred well after he has sown some dragon's teeth. FTP, name this brother of Europa and founder of  Thebes.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e992871207a4748bed8c87b99782a8e",
            "input": "This god was once retrieved from a pillar in a palace at Byblos that later represented this god's spine as the Djed pillar. During the Ptolemaic period, this god was replaced with a Greco-Egyptian hybrid called Serapis. This ruler of Duat wore the Atef crown and was commonly depicted as a (*) green-skinned mummy holding a flail and crook. His brother sealed him in a coffin with molten lead and dismembered his body into fourteen pieces, after which his wife Isis recovered thirteen of them. For ten points, identify this god who was killed by Set and became the Egyptian god of the underworld.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba86ac62035741ceac15984d6bec5215",
            "input": "This man was the governor of the Kaffa region during his grandfather's reign, and he banished the concubine Gulbehar from his kingdom. He signed the Peace of Amasia with Tahmasp, who kept control of Tabriz, though late in his life, he lost a campaign against the Knights of St. John in Malta. He employed Sinan as the chief architect, married Roxelana, and was often called \"kanuni. \" Though his navy led by Barbarossa suffered heavy losses in his capture of Rhodes, he defeated Louis II in the 1526 Battle of Mohacs, but he failed in his siege of Vienna. The son of Selim the Grim, for 10 points, name this ruler of the Ottoman Empire who is often called \"the magnificent. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3cd966032e245108ee60e99cb4f6c8e",
            "input": "One woman who lived in this city was the mother of Calais and Zetes by her husband Boreas; that woman was Orithyia. Another woman who lived in this city wove a tapestry narrating how her  brother-in-law cut out her tongue; that woman was Philomela. Both women were related to a king of  this city sometimes said to be half (*) dragon, Cecrops. While vying to become patron deity of this city, Poseidon created a spring, but was passed over for another deity who made an olive tree grow here. Perhaps the most famous king of this city forgot to replace his ship's black sails with white ones after leaving Ariadne on Naxos during his return to this city from a successful slaying of the Minotaur. For 10  points, name this city once ruled by Theseus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-72563c82c7e84475836567abeeabc2cf",
            "input": "Amos Durfee, a New York sailor, was the only man killed during this event, but tensions remained high for nearly two years afterwards, culminating in the retaliatory burning of the steamship Sir Robert Peel on the St. Lawrence River. In spite of the propaganda efforts of William Lyon MacKenzie, however, it did not lead to war between the U.S. and Great Britain. For 10 points name this international incident of 1837, named for an American ship attacked and burned on the Niagara River by Canadian militiamen.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d85d5a79435468fa7f10ea6f25fc5b1",
            "input": "He redesigned the church building at St. Luke's Episcopal Church for his friend and biographer Louis Noble, and at his death he left uncompleted a series of paintings titled \"The Cross in the World\". A mirage-like castle appears in the sky as an angel watches a boy push off in a boat in Youth, the second of four paintings in this man's \"Voyage of Life\" series. Also known for such works as Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, this man taught Frederic Church and was memorialized in an Asher Durand painting which sees him talking with William Cullen Bryant. For 10 points, name this painter of the \"Course of Empire\" series, the founder of the Hudson River School.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a764c9841dc4b5f95aa932e71ee68ff",
            "input": "One of this man's religious poems is divided into the sections \"Exposition,\" \"The World,\" and \"The Devil,\" and he wrote a play whose main character is a soccer player who smokes constantly and never talks. In addition to \"Ode to the Most Holy Eucharist\" and When Five Years Pass, he wrote a play in which a scorpion threatens the love of Sylvia and Boybeetle, who is also being tempted by the titular enchantment. This author of The (*) Shoemaker's Prodigious Wife and The Butterfly's Evil Spell also described Leonardo's mutually fatal duel with the Bridegroom in the first play of his Rural Trilogy. For 10 points, name this author of Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6aa97d2cc02f405b9c760d9527bd415d",
            "input": "One ruler with this name had his army ambushed and defeated by the Bulgarian Vinekh at Rishki Pass. In addition to that ruler with the sobriquet \"the Dung-Named,\" another ruler with this name saw his enemy cut off his trade routes by building the Rumelihisari and smash the walls of his capital with guns constructed by the Hungarian Orban. Another ruler with this name defeated Maxentius at Milvian Bridge, after seeing a cross in the sky and the words, \"In this sign conquer.\" Possessed by rulers with epithets \"Dragases\" and \"the Great\", FTP, give this name shared by the last Byzantine emperor and a Roman emperor who converted to Christianity.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2bfc4145921c40e99160ac7cb6f30674",
            "input": "Polymer samples can be prepared for use in this procedure by dissolution, then deposition on an ionic substrate, then evaporation in a technique known as cast film. More usual preparation techniques include mulling with a heavy paraffin like Nujol and spreading between salt plates; salt is used as a medium for this analytic technique since it is transparent to the probe used. That probe radiation can be understood as inducing motion corresponding to normal modes in the analyte molecular Hamiltonian, so the lines that this techniques produces are, to first order, characteristic of the types of bonds present. For 10 points, name this chemical technique that analyzes bonds by probing absorption and emission of light with wavelengths longer than the visible but shorter than the microwave.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8da05e265444438491a418ea3269cc29",
            "input": "This author's works of translation influenced his novel which begins with the death of Gaspar Ilom, and deals with the conflict between the Indians, who consider themselves to be the titular figures, and those who merely grow corn. In one of this author's novels, Octavio Sansur attempts to organize a strike. That novel, The Eyes of the Interred, is the last in the (*) \"Banana Trilogy\", which also includes Strong Wind and The Green Pope. Another novel by this author begins with the Zany killing Colonel Sonriente. Later, General Canales has a heart attack after reading that the titular figure was present at his daughter Camila's wedding and Angelface is arrested. For 10 points, name this author of Men of Maize and El Senor Presidente.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c71588cff034ae89de9412f62f03e60",
            "input": "Adherents of this religion may only consume fish smaller than twelve inches. The word \"Nyabinghi\"   refers either to one sect of this religion or a type of ritual drumming. Adherents maintain their bodies  as temples by following the largely vegan I-tal [\"eye\"-TAHL] diet, and they refer to themselves as \"I   and I\". This religion shortens God's name from Jehovah to simply \"Jah\" and viewed emperor Haile  Selassie [\"HIGHLY\" suh-LAA-see] as the second coming of Jesus Christ. Name this religion often  publicized in reggae music that was popular in Jamaica, whose adherents smoke ganja, or cannabis,  and wear their hair in dreadlocks.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08113899231443acb13db618286e6746",
            "input": "One of them requires the pianist to stamp his heel heavily upon the floor during its third and fourth sections, a motif repeated by a later one named Stoptime. Most of them begin with a four-measure octave introduction, and follow an A-B-A-C-D format, although that pattern is broken in late ones named Magnetic and Silver Swan. Collaborators with the main composer of them included Arthur Marshall and Louis Chauvin, and lesser-known ones include The Easy Winners and The Strenuous Life, a tribute to Theodore Roosevelt. The most famous one was the first piece of sheet music to sell over one million copies, and was named for a club in Sedalia. FTP, name this group of compositions which includes Elite Syncopations, The Cascades, The Entertainer, and the Maple Leaf.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0bddf46a0f4b4d699233aed956fb48ff",
            "input": "This artist depicted two men in baseball uniforms and two men in overalls outside a store in a work entitled This is America, Keep it Free. This artist also depicted poor residents in the collections Mormon Villages and The Irish Countryman, and showed several children performing the titular action of Pledge of allegiance at Rafael Weill Elementary School. This person showed several people with their luggage awaiting a bus in a photograph that formed part of the collection Interrupted Lives, which depicts what this person termed The (*) Japanese American Exodus. This photographer's most well-known work depicts two children with their heads on the shoulders of a dusty, distracted woman. For ten points, identify this woman who photographed a titular Migrant Mother, a Depression Era photographer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-83f5e12a20684fafb6805cb135b3cab7",
            "input": "Some of these people's burial grounds include Jelling [YELL-ing] and Brika, and this group won the Battle of Maldon. The Varangian Guard was composed of these peoples, and their rapid expansion has been attributed to Islamic interference with trade routes. A man named(*) Rurik from these people established the Kievan Rus', and another, Rollo, conquered Normandy. These peoples colonized the Faeroe Islands, and later colonized Vinland and Greenland. For 10 points, identify these people from Scandinavia who were known as vicious sea raiders in Medieval Europe.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0704ba62f89c44d888ff951bac555ced",
            "input": "This school of thought disregards universals because it holds that all things in existence are instead particular. This school of philosophy also states that different beings are given qualities and held together as unified objects by types of a sustaining force called pneuma. Practitioners of this school of philosophy included Cleanthes and Chrysippus, and this school of philosophy maintains that virtue alone is sufficient for (*) happiness. For 10 points, name this Greek school of thought named for the porch on which it met, founded by Zeno of Citium and espoused by Marcus Aurelius in his Meditations.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9667110523d4131b34118b441645497",
            "input": "Dr. MacPhail realizes that Sadie Thompson has seduced Reverend Davidson at the end of one of this author's short stories. This author of \"Rain\" also wrote about the love of Jim Blakeston and Tom for the title street girl in Liza of Lambeth. One of this author's works is subtitled \"The Skeleton in the Cupboard\" and concerns William Ashenden's relationship with the Driffields, while another work ends with the former aviator Larrey Darrel's return to America thanks to Isabel Bradley's actions. This author of Cakes and Ale and The Razor's Edge is perhaps best remembered for a novel whose protagonist falls in love with Emily Wilkinson and Mildred Rogers before marrying Sally Athelney. FTP, name this British author, the creator of the club-footed Philip Carey in Of Human Bondage.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4adbf925c29544e8bed0f0d0ea1744a4",
            "input": "This ruler issued a \"divine pragmatic sanction\" nullifying certain donations, and was influenced by the theological advisors Domitian of Ancyra and Theodore Askidas. His armies were defeated at the Battle of Callinicum, after which his minister Peter Barsymes devised a set of fiscal reforms. His theological quarrel with Pope Vigilius is sometimes called the Three Chapters dispute. A year after he negotiated the so-called \"Endless Peace\" with the Persians, his army won at Tricamerum over Gelimer and the Vandals and he commissioned Tribonian to supervise the creation of the Digesta, the Institutiones, and the Novels, all components of his namesake legal code. FTP, name this great Byzantine emperor from 527-565 CE.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f26867d4e694fb9abb9cbab4fd81a69",
            "input": "The protagonist of this work is often disciplined by \"\"The Tickler\"\" of Mrs. Joe Gargery. This novel's protagonist is nicknamed \"\"Handel\"\" by a character who marries Clara Barley, Herbert Pocket. One character in this novel lives in Satis House and has not changed out of her wedding dress since being abandoned on her wedding day. That character from this novel is Miss Havisham. Abel Magwitch is the anonymous benefactor of this novel's main character, who is in love with Estella. For 10 points, name this novel by Charles Dickens about Pip.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44398910a72447d2ac15fbf5f294031d",
            "input": "The presence of the SXT element encoding resistance complicates the treatment of this disease with sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and streptomyocin. Another strain of this disease is named for the Egyptian town where it was discovered in 1905. Only the O1 and O139 serogroups of its causative agent actually cause this disease; the former belongs to the Ogawa and Inaba serotypes. Like pertussis, this disease is worsened by a protein complex with one A subunit and 5 B subunits, but the A1 subunit of that complex uniquely ADP-ribosylates G proteins. Heterozygous carriers of the cystic fibrosis mutation are resistant to this disease, which operates by pumping tons of chloride ions into the small intestine. John Snow did a pioneering epidemiological study of this disease in London. It is commonly treated using oral rehydration therapy. For 10 points, name this disease brought on by drinking contaminated water, which causes massive diarrhea and vomiting.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c92432771bd94b92b74d8863789aa731",
            "input": "One mosaic in this city features Muslim custom guards disgusted at the sight of pig meat contained in the coffin of the city's patron saint. One holiday celebrated in this city is known for the wearing of masks martina with varieties such as bauta and moretta and takes place two weeks prior to Ash Wednesday. A prominent image throughout this city is an open book, reading \"Peace Be Unto You,\" held by a (*) lion, while a major waterway in this city runs from its railway station named after St. Lucy past the Rialto Bridge and a bridge which Lord Byron described as the final sight of condemned individuals, the  Bridge of Sighs. For 10 points, name this city that protects by law the pigeons of St. Mark's Square, and is known for the gondolas plying its canals.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-859cbb5e9a2f49e8a603e528658c98e5",
            "input": "One sonnet written by an author from this country ends \"No hand will reach into the obscure depth/to argue with me over your handful of bones.\" Another poem written by an author from this nation ends 'It is the hour of departure. Oh abandoned one!\" This nation, home to the author of Sonnets of Death, is also home to an author who wrote an ode to tuna, and proclaimed \"Arise to birth with me, my brother\" in his \"Heights of Macchu Picchu\". A poet from this country lamented \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines\". For 10 points, name this nation home to Gabriela Mistral and the author of Canto General and Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, Pablo Neruda.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe004dab50414131b57d723c6701e073",
            "input": "In three dimensions, one type of this phenomenon can be derived from applying two Lorentz transformations whose velocities point in opposite directions. In general, that phenomenon accounts for the difference between a naive estimate and the true spin-orbit Hamiltonian. Another type is utilized by NMR. In classical mechanics, its period is defined as 4 pi-squared times an object's moment of inertia, all divided by its torque times the period about a certain axis, while planetary orbits may undergo apsidal or perihelion types. Geometric, Thomas, and gyroscopic are also different types of, FTP, what phenomenon, the change in direction of an object's axis of gyration",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f9d4d14f8994484a3c6f9703205dc0b",
            "input": "One of this mans short stories centers on Belacquah Shah, who picks up the title creature while going to an Italian lesson. In addition to Dante and the Lobster, this man wrote a play concerning the solipsist Henry, entitled Embers, and another play centered around the old couple Mr. and Mrs. Rooney, called All that Fall. One of his better-known works consists of an old writer listening to Spool number 5. He is probably best known a work features Nagg and Hamm, and another has Pozzo and his servant Lucky, as well as Vladimir and Estragon. FTP, name this absurdist playwright of Krapps Last Tape, Endgame, and Waiting For Godot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed80db080cd84b52a38e6cf47ed79346",
            "input": "Girolamo Bedoli slavishly imitated this artist's style and completed work in Santa Maria della Steccata. Giorgio Vasari praised the \"three most fanciful lights\" in this man's depiction of the Circumcision. Vasari also claimed this man's studio was invaded by German soldiers who were so amazed by his work they left him alone to finish an altarpiece commissioned for San Salvatore del Lauro. That work shows a man in contrapposto with a leopard skin hanging on his leg and was this man's (*) Vision of St. Jerome. He gave one of his paintings to Pope Clement VII, who in turn gave it to Pietro Aretino; that work depicts a ring on an enlongated pinky finger and was painted by borrowing a barber's glass that distorted the artist's image. For 10 points, name this Mannerist painter of the Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b68eedfb3a184f4f8bda2da1c06ee3cb",
            "input": "The Stratton-Chu model of this phenomenon attempts to improve on earlier scalar models such as the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld theory. The equivalence of complementary arrangements in producing this phenomenon is described by Babinets principle. A simple scalar theory of this phenomenon makes use of an integral named for Kirchhoff and Fresnel, and a simple pictorial model of this phenomenon is given by Huygens principle of wave propagation. FTP name this behavior observed in electrons by Davisson and Germer, the bending of waves as they pass obstacles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ce40b0fc9be4f338529c7fa11c926de",
            "input": "At the age of twenty-three, he wrote a biography in the form of a letter to a physician, explaining why he turned to scholarship. In a biography that came after A Kind of History of My Life, he described the initial success of his Political Discourses. Also in that later biography, My Own Life, this thinker mentions a trip to France, where he wrote a three-part work that did not receive the approval of Joseph Butler. His ideas were criticized in Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man, written by Thomas Reid. His most famous work, which attacked the self-love theory, contained sections including \"Of the Reason of Animals\" and \"Of Miracles,\" and awoke Kant from his \"dogmatic slumber. \" FTP, name this Scottish philosopher and author of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-380c8230e04d4d4cb60c629eaad40520",
            "input": "This nation's highest point, Mount Moco, is located in the series of highlands in the center of the nation, the Planalto da Bie and Planalto da Hulla. Those mountainous regions give rise to the Kwango and Cubango Rivers, but most of the nation's population is concentrated along the Atlantic Coast. Its city of Namibe borders the Nanib Desert to the south, but, FTP, what strife-torn nation's largest city is the northern city of Luanda",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3696fb678af4d58bc694654d1722c38",
            "input": "The volume of a simplex is given by the Cayley-Menger variety of this object, and the Chio condensation is a special case of one formula used to compute them, which states that this operation commutes when an identity element is added. Hadamard put an upper bound on its value equal to n to the power of n over 2, and Sylvester's theorem about them is used to create Bayesian estimators for multivariable normal distributions. When changing coordinate systems inside an integral this operation is applied to the Jacobian, and when finding the extrema of a function, this function is applied to the Hessian. Used to show linear independence or orthogonality, this object is connected with the solution to a system of linear equations via Cramer's Rule. For 10 points, name this alternating multilinear operation applied to a matrix, which returns zero if the matrix is singular.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1955277c80c1479094e9af6fee8784a5",
            "input": "This author wrote a novel in which the title character stows away aboard the Grampus before disguising himself as a ghost to scare away mutineers. In addition to writing The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, this author wrote a story in which a mother and daughter are murdered on the title street by an orangutan. The detective C. Auguste Dupin appears in several works by this man. This author wrote about the murder of an old man whose title organ is stored under the floorboards. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Tell-Tale Heart\" and \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1e91386fcd634b5c993fc278a1afc82d",
            "input": "It was officially convoked by Count Gyula Andrassy, and the Italian representative was Count Luigi Corti, whose blunders would lead to his resignation. It saw the withdrawal of all British objections to French expansion in North Africa, and only the Earl of Salisbury's diplomacy ensured that the Russians would come to the conference table. Prince Milan IV gained the independence of his country but saw the stage set for future turmoil in the region. Called to modify the recent Treaty of San Stefano, this parley was dominated by Otto von Bismarck. FTP, identify this meeting of 1878, named for the German city in which it took place.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca7e61a5c5da4c2eaf906b61d9c389bb",
            "input": "A Supreme Court case with this man as the named respondent ruled that held that that forfeiture of citizenship constituted a cruel and unusual punishment, and involved the desertion of Albert Trop. This took over the Senate seat held by the architect of a 1935 National Labor Relations Act, New York's Robert Wagner, and was himself succeeded in his more famous position by Christian Herter. His examination of the shipping manifest for the Alfhem, which this cabinet official asserted was carrying Czech weapons, eventually led to the end of the Ten Years of Spring in one country. This man's early career saw him assist Arthur Vandenberg during the (*) San Francisco Conference and his uncle, Robert Lansing, during Versailles, but he is better-known for backing an effort led by Carlos Castillo as an aggressive form of the policy this political figure advocated in War or Peace. This man's orchestration of Operation PBSUCCESS was criticized over his ownership of United Fruit Company shares, and he also intervened in the first re-election of Konrad Adenauer and arranged for a family member's organization to conduct Operation Ajax. Mohammed Mossadegh and Jacabo Arbenz lost power thanks to the efforts of this successor of Dean Acheson, who poorly counseled his President during the Suez Crisis after backing regime change in Guatemala and Iran. FTP, identify this Secretary of State under Dwight Eisenhower, the brother of CIA director Allen.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e74634503ab4f88a51460eabb2b9473",
            "input": "term in the Scatchard-Hildebrand equation squares the difference between two of this property's namesake parameters, and a differential form of this quantity is measured by calculating a partition coefficient. The natural logarithm of this quantity is equivalent to entropy of fusion divided by the gas constant times quantity one minus freezing point over temperature in an expression of its \"ideal law\". Two salts can influence this property of each other via the common ion effect, and this property of a gas increases with pressure according to Henry's Law. For 10 points, name this property, the extent to which a substance forms a solute under a given set of conditions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-602002cfe05b49a9820e66efd439410b",
            "input": "In one work, this man uses an analogy of a crate of oranges to explain that the scientific person would argue that if a sample is bad, the whole population is likely bad. He uses the color of his table to critique both Descartes' cogito ergo sum argument and Berkeley's idealism in the first three chapters of another work, whose other chapters include \"How A Priori Knowledge is Possible\" and \"The Limits of Philosophical Knowledge. \" This author of the introduction to Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus introduces the proposition C(x) such that C(everything) means that \"C(x) is always true\" and C(nothing) means that \"'C(x) is false' is always true\" in a work arguing against theories of Frege and Meinong. For 10 points, name this author of Why I Am Not a Christian,\" The Problems of Philosophy, and \"On Denoting,\" also noted for the \"Man's Peril\" speech and being a co-author of Principia Mathematica.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-121d05929db14ee5abf5447e2a11f55b",
            "input": "Mori and his father attempt to assassinate the Patron in one work by this author, who wrote about the novelist K and his son Eeyore in another work. In addition to The Pinch Runner Memorandum and Rouse Up O Young Men of the New Age!, he wrote a novel in which a group of conspirators sing the Bach cantata Gladly I shall bear the cross before being wiped out by American agents in disguise, and another about a group of boys who are later joined by the Korean deserter Li in a barren village infected by the plague. A more well known work by this author of The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away and Nip the Buds, Shoot the Kids includes the characters Natsumi, Takashi and Mitsusaburo and contains a scene in which a character commits suicide by painting his head crimson and hanging himself with a cucumber in his anus. For 10 pointsname this author of The Silent Cry.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-153ef2f116df4528a5dc29fddcb210e6",
            "input": "Dane's method is used to stain both mucin and this molecule, and this protein mediates cell polarity by binding to Albatross protein and the apical junction complex. Its aggregation is triggered by filaggrin in one organ, and this protein is prevalent in the stratum lucidum and stratum corneum of one structure. Mutations in the 5th or 14th isoforms of this protein leads to EBS, and it is attached to desmoplakin in on the one face of desmosomes. This protein contains a long alpha-helix flanked by disordered domains, and acidic and basic isoforms of it dimerize, and the dimers proceed to form tetramers which arrange in fibrils. Its structure is formed by crosslinking of cysteine , and it is the main component of type 1 intermediate filaments. For 10 points, name this structural protein that gives strength to skin, hair and nails.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79c6c306188b47e5962b52c85296dc23",
            "input": "A criticism of this work by Frege claims that it bases one important distinction on the subject-predicate form of grammar. According to the author, the mind takes an active role in shaping information, creating ideas like time and space, but the author rejects the Rationalist position that nothing is knowable. This works uses the example of a collapsing house to contrast a priori and a posteriori knowledge and the example of seven plus five equals twelve to contrast analytic and synthetic judgements. This work is more famous for calling external stimuli that live in the noumena things-in-themselves. For 10 points, name this philosophical tract by Immanuel Kant that defines metaphysics as the titular pursuit.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf53af6e99244f2d96d469cf30767582",
            "input": "Monkey Bay is a major port located on this body which lies near Cape Maclear. It is near the city of Mangochi, which lies between the southernmost point of this body and Lake Malombe. In the only recorded battle on this body, the HMS Gwendolyn destroyed the German boat Hermann von Wissemann The largest river flowing into this lake is the Ruhuhu River, and it is drained by the Shire River which flows into the Zambezi. For 10 points, name this lake located southeast of Lake Tanganyika, which is shared by Mozambique, Tanzania, and its namesake country.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-15fbcac92b324bdc87bfcfb8f6492277",
            "input": "This author collaborated with Gene Weltfish to support human equality and bash fascism in \"The Races of Mankind. \" This anthropologist described the Pueblo culture of New Mexico and the Dobu culture of New Guinea and argued that morality is relative to unique cultural values in Patterns of Culture. The most famous work of this author contrasts the \"guilt culture\" of a the West with the \"shame culture\" of a certain nation and stemmed from research during World War II. FTP, name identify this anthropologist, who wrote about imperial Japan in The Chrysanthemum and the Sword.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf72b69cfa13426f80bb9d58fde28ca9",
            "input": "He was first elected to the Senate in 1936, but resigned several years later to fight in World War II; in 1946, he made a comeback by unseating Senator David Walsh. He nominated Dwight Eisenhower for president in 1952 and became chairman of his campaign, but was unseated nonetheless by John F. Kennedy. He spent the bulk of the next ten years as UN ambassador and ambassador to South Vietnam, and was Richard Nixon's running-mate in 1960. FTP, name this Massachusetts politician, the grandson and namesake of another senator.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0e435c97e764d8987e7bbcf5644bec5",
            "input": "In a poem drawn from a maiden's song from St. Winfred's Well, he contrasted \"The Leaden Echo\" with \"The Golden Echo\" and he claimed that \"Christ plays in ten thousand places... To the Father through the features of men's faces\" in \"As Kingfishers Catch Fire, Dragonflies Draw Flame. \" The poet reacts to the death from tuberculosis of his blacksmith friend in \"Felix Randal,\" published posthumously in 1918 by poet laureate Robert Bridges. Other poems include a \"curtal\" sonnet in which he cries \"Glory be to God for dappled things\" and another dedicated to the \"happy memory of five Franciscan nuns,\" but best known is a poem about the \"kingdom of daylight's dauphin, dapple-dawn-drawn falcon. \" FTP, name this poet of \"The Wreck of the Deutschland\" and \"The Windhover. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87350e8cf75f45469dceca55b249d3ef",
            "input": "One character in this novel meets his love interest through the feminist Kukshina. That character's love interest kisses him on the head before he dies of typhus contracted during an autopsy. One character is invited to Kolyazin's ball and another meets Sitnikov, who arrives uninvited at Anna Odintsov's. In this novel, Pavel is shot in the leg in a duel while his father Nikolai marries Fenitchka, and his brother marries Katya Odintsov. Centering on Arkady Kirsanov and the nihilist Bazarov, for 10 points, name this novel by Ivan Turgenev.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9346fa2c64b149c38c28eb8478249e86",
            "input": "His plays include The Living Room and The Complaisant Lover, and his short stories are collected in May We Borrow Your Husband. Switzerland is the setting for his Doctor Fischer of Geneva or the Bomb Party, while The Human Factor is set in South Africa and World War II. London is set setting for both The End of the Affair and The Ministry of Fear. FTP, identify this British author of The Quiet American and Brighton Rock, best known for such novels as Our Man in Havana and The Heart of the Matter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9b4475f6f134f5d96f7a76e2fbaa070",
            "input": "One collection of short stories by this author is set in the town of Morgana, and features members of such families as the MacLains and the Raineys, in stories like \"Sir Rabbit\" and \"Shower of Gold\". Edna Earle tells stories about Uncle Daniel in a novel by this author, while in a novella Jamie Lockhart is a bandit posing as a gentleman, in The Ponder Heart and The Robber Bridegroom respectively. One of her works follows the last hour of a man who wrecks his car near a young couple's shack, and in another work Stella Rondo runs off with Sister's boyfriend, causing her to move to the titular location. She also wrote a short story in which the protagonist must take a long journey along the Natchez Trace because of a lye-swallowing accident. For 10 points, name this author of The Golden Apples, \"A Worn Path\", Death of a Travelling Salesman and Why I Live at the P. O.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-415975d6fba0483bac0ae44577ce9870",
            "input": "Prior to this battle, the Hornet and Enterprise were sent on a surprise bombing mission, leaving them out of the US fleet. The other side in this battle wished to secure the island of Tulagi and its harbor. On May 7, the first major day of battle, the Kikuzuki and the Shoho were both destroyed, and the next day the Shokaku was forced to retreat. The Yorktown escaped major damage from the Japanese attack, but the Lexington was destroyed. For 10 points, name this battle fought over control of Port Moresby, a 1942 naval battle that notably featured no ship-to-ship combat, fought in a namesake body of water that is home to the Great Barrier Reef.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fce20cbd04d34b4586941b9b4426c6c3",
            "input": "At the center of this work one can see the artist's father who also appeared in its artist's later painting The Peasants of Flagey. The mayor of the titular location, Prosper Teste de Sagey can also be seen in this work, and the mayor's daughter can be seen being consoled by the artist's mother. A cur can be seen searching through his prayer book in this work which also shows a man kneeling down as two beadles dressed in bright red can be seen behind him. Painted after the death of the artist's grandfather Oudot, it shows pall bearers and other mourners snaking around in procession as they watch the title event. For 10 points, identify this painting which shows the titular internment, a work of Gustave Courbet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd457c7de6014744b99f079eb68a8227",
            "input": "The diffusion coefficient in Bohm diffusion is equal to Boltzmann's constant times temperature over 16 times charge times this. The Verdet constant relates this and the angle of rotation due to the Faraday effect. When a charged particle moves through one of these, the force can be given by the charge times the velocity crossed with this. In a solenoid, it is equal to current times turn density times the permeability constant. When using the right-hand-rule for a moving charge, the direction of this is represented by the middle finger, and inductors store their energy in these. Name this type of field measured in tesla, the lines of which one can see when spreading iron filings around a bar magnet.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-003141083bbf4693bfde6e71d10b07d2",
            "input": "The Gibbs paradox deals with a faulty derivation of this quantity which erroneously suggests it is not an extensive variable. For a monatomic ideal gas, its value is given by the Sackur-Tetrode equation, while for a black hole it is proportional to the surface area of the event horizon. In general it is equal to Boltzmann's constant times the natural logarithm of the number of accessible states. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, it always increases in irreversible processes. Proposed by Rudolf Clausius and symbolized S, FTP, what is this measure of the disorder in a system",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-392183325a86498e994da42aa7cecccd",
            "input": "One of this thinker's works begins with the sentence \"I hate voyages and explorers\" and details his time with the Caduveo and Bororo. Another work by this author, which begins with the Bororo myth of the bird-nester, examines binary oppositions like \"moist\" and \"parched.\" This author, who studied the development of table manners in the third volume of one work, contrasted the engineer with the bricoleur in another work that argued that civilized and uncivilized ways of thought used the same structures. For 10 points, name this French structuralist anthropologist of Tristes Tropiques, The Savage Mind, and Mythologiques, which includes the volume The Raw and the Cooked.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-464ba8fce7da4dea95c5f4790422b29f",
            "input": "In one painting by this artist, a woman in a purple dress with a black bicycle and a woman with a   green dress watch as a man leaning over the side of a boat uses a trident with four prongs to catch a  fish. In addition to painting Night Fishing at Antibes [an-teeb], this artist showed a dog lying behind   a clarinetist wearing blue and white, who is next to a singing monk and a guitar player. In another  work by this artist, a blind guitarist sits with his legs crossed and his face pointing downward. That  work is from this artist's Blue Period. Name this artist of The Three Musicians  and The Old Guitarist  who also painted Guernica [gair-NEE-kah].",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f432f5c5248d4dd78d09e3d499a280e9",
            "input": "This Greek deity is frequently referred to as Kore (KOR-ay). The attempt by Pirithous (PEER-ith-oos) and Thesus to marry this woman led to their feet being coiled with snakes. One incident involving this woman led to the creation of the Sirens; that incident started with this woman picking flowers on the plain of Enna. This woman's consumption of (*) pomegranate seeds bound her to her captor for one third of each year, explaining the origins of winter. For 10 points, name this woman abducted by Hades and made Queen of the underworld, the daughter of Demeter.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71e9dbe23b7140d08df92a7fc88d289d",
            "input": "This quantity is given by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation near the glass transition temperature. This quantity is given as lambda times T to the three-halves over T plus Sutherland's constant in one model. Dashpots are combined with springs to model systems for which its contributions matter at the same conditions as elasticity, such as the Kelvin-Voigt model, which accurately measures polymer creep. It decreases following the sustained application of sheer stress for thixotropic materials. The contributions of this quantity is negligible when the Euler equations apply and when the Reynolds number is large. This quantity is constant for Newtonian fluids. For 10 points, name this quantity, which is zero for superfluids.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80cadfa8ef6f44d8bf0a17b624dafa93",
            "input": "It is divided into four parts, of which the third is titled \"Survival of These Principles in Ancient Systems of Law and Ancient Economies. \"  The second part explains the extension of the title action in terms of \"Liberality, honor, and money,\" while the first part concentrates on that action primarily in a Polynesian context. Melanesian and Northwest American forms are also discussed, though the author never did any fieldwork himself. FTP, name this work subtitled \"The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies,\" the most famous work of Marcel Mauss.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9455096c4ef457ea907b06a6361fdaa",
            "input": "This composer's Concerto Grosso begins and ends with the exact same Intrada movement. This composer's fifth symphony takes some music he wrote for his opera The Pilgrim's Progress and ends with a passacaglia that begins in the low strings. He used the psalm tune \"Why fum'th in fight\" for another work, which he scored for a solo string quartet and two string orchestras. This composer inserted the (*) folk tune \"Lovely Joan\" into the middle of one work and set several Walt Whitman poems to music in his first symphony. He used 16th century music for two works, one based on an anonymous folk song, the other based on a Renaissance composer. For 10 points, name this composer of Fantasia on Greensleeves, Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis, and A Sea Symphony, a Briton.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-500b76933a8f4ad4befed2a1826c38da",
            "input": "This author created a character who cannot subtract but can multiply large figures because she has memorized all possible products. In the same play, the Maid comes to calm down the Professor. This creator of the character Berenger and author of The Lesson wrote about the Fire Chief visiting the Smiths and the Martins in a play whose title character \"\"always wears her hair in the same style. \"\" For 10 points, name this Romanian playwright of The Bald Soprano and Rhinoceros, an exponent of the Theater of the Absurd.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0b255bb68fc94a91bfb61a6c57ca5e63",
            "input": "He depicted St. Cosmas and St. Demian in his glass painting All Saints Day, and Rose-Carol Long studied hidden iconography in his works such as Painting with a Green Center and Improvisation 33 [Orient] where she identified St. John the Divine. His later work like Tempered lan are pictographic, and he compares humanity to a giant triangle in his (*) Concerning The Spiritual In Art. Three of his Compositions series were displayed in the Degenerate Art exhibit by the Nazis before their destruction. FTP name this Russian-born German artist who taught at the Bauhaus and was involved in The Blue Rider group, named for one of his paintings, to promote abstract art.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcea1ce982fb4cd2a2cf2a0901a2484b",
            "input": "Two of its figures are in contemporary dress: one at the center standing with his back towards the viewer, and the other on the far right holding a cane. At Santa Maria del Carmine, this work can be seen opposite Masolino's Healing of the Cripple and the Raising of Tabitha by Masolino One theory suggests that its subject, an obscure episode from Matthew, was painted as propaganda for the catasto. However, it is unlikely that its patron, a wealthy silk merchant, would support an income tax. Ten other scenes from the life of St. Peter complete the cycle with this paitning in the Brancacci Chapel. For 10 points, name this fresco by Masaccio.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3005acc1b8d44b319e8a0e60c410496a",
            "input": "After being stricken with Graves' disease, this poet began to concentrate on devotional prose writings, like Time Flies. Her first works were published by her grandfather Gaetano Polidori, and she submitted seven poems to a journal under the pseudonym Ellen Alleyne. Her prose works include Commonplace and Other Short Stories, and the 1872 collection Sing-Song is an excellent collection of verse for children. FTP, identify this author of The Prince's Progress, which was decorated by her Pre-Raphaelite brother, and her most famous poem Goblin Market.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e71b9fce83a449b831abe8eff071ef0",
            "input": "This man produced an album of songs from George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess with Ella Fitzgerald. This man often performed with the pianist Earl Hines, such as in his version of Joe Oliver's \"West End Blues.\" This man's bands included his Hot Seven and Hot Five, with whom he engaged in scat singing in the song \"Heebie Jeebies.\" In one song, this man told the title figure \"you're lookin' swell\" and \"it's so nice to have you back where you belong.\" This man performed that song with Barbra Streisand while in another work he sang about \"trees of green, red roses too.\" For 10 points, name this trumpet player who performed \"Hello Dolly\" and \"What a Wonderful World.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-651f5282c7fd400785c0000d1d31c8b7",
            "input": "The narrator of this work gets kicked under the table by another character when mentioning a girl he knows in Strasbourg in the presence of Frances, the latter's aging and manipulative girlfriend. However, that latter character gains the confidence to oppose her on a trip to New York where his newest work is praised and he wins several hundred dollars playing bridge. He eventually shakes off Frances and runs off for a short while with a woman who is already engaged to a heavy drinking war veteran. Later, their entire group of friends attends the festival of San Fermin, and they check into a hotel owned by Montoya, mentor to a promising young bullfighter named Pedro Romero. Romero becomes involved with Brett and gives her an ear cut from a bull, which earns him the enmity of Robert when Romero and Brett run off together. FTP, name this novel by Ernest Hemingway about an impotent veteran and a femme fatale.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30f08d2f13534548a28fb8ff78d04e10",
            "input": "The acceleration of some Claisen rearrangements in emulsions of this substance was studied by Karl Barry Sharpless. The second stage of the Ostwald process is carried out with an absorption apparatus containing this byproduct. It can be removed from mixtures with magnesium or sodium sulfate, and alkali metals are extremely reactive with it. This compound, frequently used as a moderator for nuclear reactors, can contain a deuterium atom in its \"heavy\" variety. Along with carbon dioxide, it is produced in combustion reactions, and its triple point is used to define the Kelvin. For 10 points, name this compound with bent molecular geometry and formula H2O.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4f2f1faa10b4ae794b9074efc21ff84",
            "input": "This rulers early reign saw the dismissal of the corrupt eunuch Lekapenos and the defeat of a rebellion led by Bardas Phokas. This ruler gained territory from King Smbat III of Armenia after an Armenian vassal named David willed his estates to this rulers empire, which formed an alliance against Georgios Tzul with Mstislav of Chernigov that successfully captured Kerch and ravaged the Khazars. This rulers general Nikephoros Uranus captured Aleppo, while this rulers sister Ana married Vladimir of Kiev. This rulers forces were slaughtered at the Battle of Trajans Gate, but he had much better luck at the Battle of Kleidion, where he destroyed Samuils army and blinded the survivors, telling them to march back to a certain country and tell every man, woman, and child that this ruler was their new master. For ten points, name this 11th century Byzantine Emperor, who they still call the murderer in Sofia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-27217a0f72c2409ab79ad8ddb29ded6b",
            "input": "This man's works have inspired Derek Walcott's The Isle is Full of Noises and Tom Paulin's The Riot Act. He discussed the pain of having one's hair forcibly shorn in a play about the daughter of Salmoneus, Tyro Keiromene. The work Ichneutai, or The Tracking Satyrs, is a rare example of a satyr play by this tragedian. Anthony Hecht mentioned a girl who had read him in a good translation in his \"Dover Bitch,\" but he's better known for a work in which Eurydice kills herself after the deaths of her son and niece and another in which a Theban queen marries her own son. FTP, name this Greek dramatist who wrote Antigone and Oedipus Rex.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-453fa28b82534da5a3f8bd6972ede978",
            "input": "Reacting this compound with hydrogen sulfide creates trithiane, while its suspended in an 18M solution of sulfuric acid in the reagent used to test for MDMA, called the Marquis reagent. A 10% Neutral Buffered solution of this compound is used as a histological fixative, and during immunoprecipitation assays its used to crosslink proteins. In solution it polymerizes to either its \"para\" form or trioxane, which is why its stored as a 37% solution. The Cannizzaro reaction of this compound creates methanol and methanoic acid. For 10 points, name this simple carbonyl compound, which is used to preserve cadavers and frogs.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d5f2d59260654f128e6dd60990a76105",
            "input": "opera quotes a theme from Tristan and Isolde over one's character's announcement of his unwillingness to play the role of King Mark. Its second act largely takes place between a watchman's announcement of 10 and 11 o'clock, and features a hammer and the song \"Jerum! Jerum! \" being used to drown out the antagonist's serenade. This opera's first act includes Pogner's Address and its subplots include the (*) apprentice David's affections for Magdalane. One of the central characters in this opera sings about the chaotic nature of the world in the aria \"Wahn! Wahn! Uberall Wahn,\" before helping another character transcribe his dream into the \"Prize Song. \" The cobbler Hans Sachs helps Walther win the love of Eva in, for 10 points, which Richard Wagner opera about a singing contest.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ba1a2e6359f4648af6698bc8bbde308",
            "input": "Among the images decorating it are a young man lying with his lover beneath a glade of trees while playing a pipe and a group of villagers leading a heifer to sacrifice. It is initially addressed as the \"foster child of silence and slow time\" and the \"still unravish'd bride of quietness,\" and like Eternity, it \"doth tease us out of thought. \"  The speaker concludes about its enigmatic lesson, \"that is all / Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. \"  FTP, name this object that teaches us \"Beauty is truth, truth beauty,\" in an ode by John Keats.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4089d097d4344de1b2f93657f1ad0b99",
            "input": "The Gunn type of these displays symmetric current/voltage behavior, and exhibit negative differential resistance after the threshold voltage is reached. The current passing through them varies exponentially with a forward bias and can be found with the Shockley equation, though that equation does not apply to Avalanche and Zener types of these. For 10 points, identify these circuit elements which only allow current to pass through in one direction, best known for their light emitting type.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3723554c62f47018c12d55e5694ae0d",
            "input": "This man introduced the Climbing Boys Act and led the Young England movement. This Chancellor of the Exchequer under the Earl of Derby's \"Who Who\" Ministry broke with Robert Peel by fighting to save the Corn Laws. When this Earl of Beaconsfield led the House of Commons, the enfranchising Second Reform Act passed but failed to win his party the next election. He led Britain into the Zulu War, bought shares in the Suez Canal, and gave Queen Victoria the title \"Empress of India.\" For 10 points, name this rival of William Gladstone, a Conservative imperialist prime minister of Jewish descent.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88ba49ccd8ed4555ad3c61d5fccd926c",
            "input": "This man employed a poisoner named Locusta, and cultivated the friendship of the gladiator Spiculus and the castrated Sporus. His daughter Claudia Augusta died in infancy, and his freedwoman Acte was once considered his wife in all but name. He received the friendship of the Parthian king Vologaesus and the Armenian king Tiridates, and his freedman, the prefect Anicetus, helped in the murder by scalding-to-death of his first wife. Afranius Burrus served as his Praetorian prefect and military advisor, but was executed by him, along with Petronius, after the Pisonian conspiracy. His rule saw the revolt of Julius Vindex in Gaul, as well as Boudicca's uprising and the accession of the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis. For 10 Points, name this son and namesake of Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, who might have engaged in incest with his mother, Agrippina the Younger.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43c4daeaa658415287b6ba79cde1eea6",
            "input": "Carl Erdmann hypothesized that the main goal of the instigators of this conflict was to assist the Byzantines. One side in one part of this conflict was led by Walter the Penniless and Peter the Hermit and was known as the People's Crusade. This crusade also included the Siege of Nicaea and the Siege of Jerusalem. This conflict resulted in the establishment of (*) Antioch, Edessa, and other crusader states. For 10 points, name this Crusade that was launched at the 1095 Council of Clermont by Urban II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8147af6979c74fc5a98332cd342f77f0",
            "input": "Control of this colony was transferred in the Treaty of Basel shortly after Lger Sonthonax declared an end to slavery here. One ruler of this country declared himself Emperor Faustin I, and it spent nineteen years under U.S. Marine occupation, which was resisted by the \"cacos. \" A civil war here ended with the defeat of Alexandre Ption by Henry Christophe, a decade after Charles LeClerc failed put down the rebellion which gained its independence. Later, it was terrorized by the Tontons Macoutes. FTP, name this country founded by the rebellion of Toussaint-Louverture and later ruled by the Duvaliers.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66ccbc5f6f9240d1b1e3e47693726b11",
            "input": "One founder was inspired by his attendance at lectures by Ehrenfels on recognizing transposed melodies. Based on concepts such as pragnanz, closure, and the constancy phenomenon, the legitimatacy of this school of thought was buttressed by studies of problem solving among the apes of Tenerife. It began as a reaction to Wundtian structuralism and later targeted behaviorism, arguing that a complex stimulus can't be broken down into atomistic thought units or stimulus-response components. Founded by Koffka, Khler, and Wertheimer, FTP name this school of psychology focused mainly on perceptual phenomena such as the phi phenomenon, whose name is German for \"whole\".",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-197d0f561c4043fd8ba3a10bb90056fc",
            "input": "He wrote several pieces for violin and piano, including the Pastourelle, the Bizarrerie, and the Salut d'Amour, and composed for the Powick Asylum Band early in his career. Poetry inspired many of his works, including the 1901 Grania and Dairmid, co-written with William Butler Yeats and The Black Knight and St. Olaf, both written in 1896 and inspired by the works of Robert Longfellow. His first symphony, dedicated to Hans Richter, is unusual for being in A flat major and for its opening movement being marked Andante nobilmente. His Catholicism was a great influence in his work, including his setting of Cardinal Newman's poem The Dream of Gerontius. For ten points, identify this composer of the Pomp and Circumstance Marches and the Enigma Variations\r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a1d8653138744d48ed39e18d5b13418",
            "input": "One author of this first and last name wrote a novel in which Denise Crowder is murdered after meeting Daniel Fielding at the Frankfurt Book Fair. In addition to Adultery, that author also wrote an epistolary novel in which the title character corresponds with her sister Nora, who is a radio soap opera star; that novel is entitled Clara Callan. Another author of this first and last name is not Albert Camus, although he wrote an existentialist novel entitled The Outsider. That author also wrote a collection including stories such as \"Bright and Morning Star\" and \"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow,\" as well as a novel about Mary Dalton's murderer, Bigger Thomas. For 10 points, give this first and last name shared by a Giller Prize-winning Canadian novelist and the American author of Uncle Tom's Children and Native Son.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44e114ad935c40da9e9549f1dd49c66c",
            "input": "A gap in this quantity is related with unemployment in Okun's law, and cost-push inflation is characterized by a decrease in this value. It differs from its counterpart in that it does not account for investments by foreigners nor investments held by natives in [*] other countries. Calculated using the income or expenditure approach, this value is defined as the sum of private consumption, gross investment, government spending and net exports. A decrease in it for two consecutive quarters is known as a recession. Also known as aggregate demand, for 10 points, identify this quantity that is equal to the net goods and services produced in a country.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ccdd7bab3234e4bbb95f80fb343d111",
            "input": "His book, Auto-Icon, or the Uses of the Dead to the Living, was in some ways typical of his more general philosophy of wasting as little as possible. Among other things, he suggested that \"if all bodies were embalmed then every man might be his own statue. \"  As luck would have it, his preserved corpse thus stood--or more accurately, sat--as a reminder of the intellectual traditions of University College, London, where his behavior during meetings was recorded as \"present, but not voting,\" long after his 1832 death. FTP name this English Utilitarian philosopher and corpse, the author of Principles of Morals and Legislation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3a99cc2b78240a18620b2c5ee9892a5",
            "input": "One of these creatures was a ferryman for the Evenus River. Two of these creatures, Rhoecus and Hylaeus, were killed by Atalanta. One of them attempted to abduct the bride of his half-brother Pirithous. That incident involving Eurytion led to a battle in which these people lost to the (*) Lapiths. After the death of Pholus, one of them abducted Deianira and asked her to pour his poisoned blood on a cloak that Heracles put on. While most of this race came into being after the union of Ixion and Nephele, an immortal one of these people was a son of Cronus and Philyra who mentored heroes such as Jason, Asclepius, and Achilles. For 10 points, name this race, whose members included Nessus and Chiron, both of which were half man and half horse.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77ab15ac12714d5b8eaaf40e67de401c",
            "input": "The Boston Public Library is home to his Frieze of Prophets, a work from his mural cycle Triumph of Religion. Taught by Carolus-Duran, he was appointed War Artist during World War I and evoked the horrors of war in Gassed. He was called the Van Dyck of our times after completing Lady Agnew of Lochnaw. Two towering vases appear in The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit. Two girls light up Chinese lanterns in Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, and his most famous work depicts Pierre Gautreaus pale wife in a black dress. For ten points, name this artist of Madame X.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f082c677710541258ef9b42d16151ec8",
            "input": "Nathaniel Kahn describes him as \"the man with the glasses\" early in \"My Architect. \"  In 1932, five years after graduating as a philosophy major from Harvard, he was named director of MOMA's Department of Architecture. In the same year he co-authored a book with Henry-Russell Hitchcock which introduced the term still used to describe post-World War I modernist architecture. Many of his works were collaborative efforts, later with John Burgee, and earlier with Mies van der Rohe. One of the few architects to produce important landmarks of very different movements - for 10 points - who is this co-designer of the modernist Seagram Building and the postmodernist AT&T Building",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b8d3efb1ccc4e65a5c754adf59e212c",
            "input": "These entities can have an anti-terminator, such as LicT protein for sacPA, which stabilizes a secondary RNA structure. Early termination of their processes, which can occur via an alternate loop structure with excess of a particular amino acid, is known as attenuation. They can be inducible, as by IPTG for a well known example, and they can contain two kinds of repressors: a translational one, and a better understood transcriptional one, which binds to the operator site. All of them must have these operator sites, as well as promoter sites where RNA Polymerase originally binds. FTP, name these prokaryotic strips of DNA that regulate expression of related genes, which include the trp [trip] and lac varieties.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-389a4daee4074bb7bb21b15490e00dee",
            "input": "For plasmas suspended in tokamaks, this process is commonly modeled by the Hasegawa-Mima equation. It can be numerically simulated by two-equation k-epsilon or k-omega models, while simpler models include the algebraic Johnson-King and Cebeci-Smith models. A Lagrangian formulation of this process requires using a substantive derivative as a tracer and finding hyperbolic fixed points. Atmospheric instances of this phenomenon can be modeled using the von Karman constant, while like convection, analyzing it often requires averaging the stress tensor over time, a strategy known as the Boussinesq approximation. The rate of energy dissipation to the  power is inversely proportional to its length scale according to the Kolmogorov theory, and the transition to it is characterized by an increased ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. Characterized by eddies and vortices, for 10 points, name this type of flow that occurs at high Reynolds numbers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a34d7bfe37c343a8834e10742fd9fd4e",
            "input": "Flaws in Schrodinger's equation or Bohr's formula can be corrected by introducing this value measured in multiples of a unit called the Dirac h, or h-bar. It was first proposed by Samuel Goudsmit and George Uhlenbeck to explain the spectra of light emitted by atoms of alkali metals. Calculated for complex nuclei by taking the vector sum of the intrinsic values for the constituent particles and their orbital angular momentum, it is zero for nuclei with even numbers of neutrons and protons in their ground states and for pions, while for electrons, neutrons, and protons the multiple involved is 1/2. FTP, what is this measure of the amount of angular momentum associated with a subatomic particle or nucleus",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d469939deb9a4c66ae573d7742a63b38",
            "input": "This work sarcastically praises one thinker for the ability to draw physical rabbits from purely metaphysical silk hats in a chapter about that thinker \"and the new tribalism\", while another section of this book claims that the works of Marx are implicitly works of moral theory. After early sections on the breakdown of tribal society and the work of Heraclitus, this book defines rationalism as the attitude of readiness to listen to critical arguments or learn from experience and contrasts it with pseudo-rationalism, defined as the belief that one has certain knowledge. That chapter is subtitled \"The Revolt Against Reason\" and discusses \"Oracular Philosophy\". It associates Hegel with the High Tide of Prophecy and its first section discusses the Spell of Plato, whose Republic is condemned. For 10 points, name this Karl Popper work about totalitarianism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d267ec15bdd41bc8e29d6f908d6284c",
            "input": "After a succession dispute with his rival Arthur, the Duke of Brittany, this rulers right to take the throne was recognized by the Treaty of Le Goulet. An international alliance he established was soundly defeated at the Battle of Bouvines, while he was forced to agree to terms with the legate Pandulf after his refusal to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop resulted in a papal interdiction. The last years of his reign were spent fighting the forces of Louis VIII, who invaded England at the behest of this kings barons after he renounced some concessions forced upon him at Runnymede. For ten points, name this King of England who signed the Magna Carta.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cab0ecf5a62942188099c8896d165eb0",
            "input": "Despite Mikhail Miloradovichs death during this event, there have been allegations that he was actually a leader, and that his death was an accident. Another leader, knyaz Sergei Trubetskoy, took refuge in the Habsburg embassy until he was arrested the following day. In the aftermath of this event, Aleksandr Griboyedov managed to wriggle his way out of culpability, though he had had significant associations with Kchelbecker. A key cause of failure was that the Northern and Southern Societies failed to cooperate, and many of their potential allies deserted them, including General Aleksei Yermolov. The grand plans made by Pavel Pestel and others to free the serfs and end autocracy were damaged, partly by the abdication of their original choice for tsar, Konstantin. For ten points name this abortive 1825 revolution in St. Petersburg against Nikolai II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-975c337731a540ddaca5614a9595819f",
            "input": "One speech in this trial included the remark \"\"there is never a duel with the truth\"\" made by Dudley Field Malone. This trial saw questions like \"\"do you think about things you do think about\"\" asked during the famous examination of prosecutor William Jennings Bryan by the defense attorney Clarence Darrow. For 10 points, name this trial of a high school teacher who taught about evolution.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dcab73a21ae34bb08affdb38db16103e",
            "input": "One family in this work flees France after rescuing an \"unfortunate Muhammadan\" who is arrested for his religion the day his daughter Safie arrives from Constantinople. In addition to the De Laceys, another character in this work educated himself by reading about the Northwest Passage, and begins the novel by writing a series of letters to Margaret. Justine Moritz is falsely accused of the murder of the title characters brother William in this novel, which causes the title character to travel to England with Clerval to satisfy the demands of the antagonist for a female companion. The protagonist is rescued by Robert Walton in the Arctic and hails from Lake Geneva.For 10 points, identify this novel subtitled The Modern Prometheus, a Mary Shelley work about creating a certain monster.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23d3ff679aeb4f0aaf2110b7cd2764ea",
            "input": "Dobinski's formula implies that its nth moment is given by the partitions of a set of size n when it has an expected value of 1. The difference between two of these with different variables and parameters is given by a function named for J.G. Skellam. This function's mean and variance are the parameter itself, which is the product of the number of events times the expectation value, and is represented by lambda. Often used to model the probability of rare events, for 10 points, identify this probability function, which gives the expected probability of that event occurring within a certain time period and is named for a French mathematician.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ff1e5f8a23e14aeb9d9eb30ae893e5ab",
            "input": "This philosopher questioned why people followed Socrates when it was well known that Socrates was ugly in an 1888 work. He criticized Euripides for failing to emphasize the Dionysian element compared to the Apollonian element in his first major work, The Birth of Tragedy, while he offered reasons for why he was such a great philosopher in his autobiography, Ecce Homo. He elucidated the concept of the ubermensch in one of his best known works about a figure from an eastern religion. A proponent of the \"will to power\", for 10 points, identify this philosopher who wrote works like Thus Spoke Zarathustra and Beyond Good and Evil, who proclaimed \"God is dead\".",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e542aaf84cba4487965f35c3bdd61f71",
            "input": "eastern border of this state lies along the Unaka range and the Bald Mountains. The \"highland rim\" surrounds the \"central basin\" of this state, and the seat of its Rutherford county is Murfressboro, which saw the battle of the Stones River during the Civil War. Near its border with North Carolina lies Clingman's dome. This state's namesake river begins at the confluence of the French Broad and the Hoiston Rivers, and passes through a city which is home to the Sunsphere. Another city in this state is home to the Grand Ole Opry and is called the \"Music City. \" For 10 points, identify this state which includes cities such as Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3927013066804fb4a9a51030980d6126",
            "input": "He remarked upon the sin of sloth in the essay \"Nearer, My Couch, to Thee\" and expounded upon technology in \"Is it OK to Be a Luddite\" In one of his short stories, Cleanth Siegel induces Irving Loon to go on a shooting spree by uttering the word \"Windigo,\" and another short story by this man follows Nathan \"Lardass\" Levine. These stories, \"Mortality and Mercy in Vienna\" and \"The Small Rain,\" can be found in his 1984 collection Slow Learner, which also features the story \"Entropy. \" The female ninja DL Chastain helps Prairie Wheeler on a quest to find her mother in Vineland, while Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke narrates the story of an astronomer and a surveyor in Mason and Dixon. Best known for characters like Oedipa Maas and Tyrone Slothrop, his most well-known work opens \"a screaming comes across the sky. \" FTP, name this reclusive author of V, The Crying of Lot 49, and Gravity's Rainbow.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8f4d0f8d2744478adeb7f6ecb50b016",
            "input": "In the third act of this play, one character repeatedly laments being unable to get past the \"flaming sword\" separating him from the woman he loves. That character is horrified that the woman he loves performs menial tasks such as chopping onions and refilling lamps. This play's second act ends with a character accepting an offer to speak at the Guild of St. Matthew, and then asking his secretary Proserpine Garnett and his father-in-law Mr. Burgess to accompany him, deliberately leaving his wife at home with his rival. At its climax, the title character chooses to stay with her husband, a prominent Christian Scientist, instead of an eighteen-year-old poetical aesthete. The second of its author's Plays Pleasant, it centers on the romantic triangle among James Morell, Eugene Marchbanks, and the title woman. For 10 points, name this comedy by George Bernard Shaw about a clergyman's wife.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38a65ad6b2624429be894daa94fec071",
            "input": "One leader of this group reasserted power after Charles of Valois dissolved the government of the Cherchi, and they fought a war against Ezzelino III at the battle of Cassano d'Adda with the help of Ezzelino's brother in law Manfred I. They were massacred in a battle during which they were betrayed by Bocca degli Abati, and they are named for the Bavarian Dukes who opposed the rise of the Hohenstaufens. Dante Alighieri was a member of the white party of this group, which held power in cities such as Genoa and Mantua. For 10 points, identify this faction that allied with the papacy and opposed the Ghibellines.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2209442555584c5dbcc5bab286270c5c",
            "input": "The relative rate of this compound's carboxylation is varied by the YPC model parameter. In a pathway that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, this triose ketoacid is converted via acetaldehyde into carbon dioxide and ethanol in an anaerobic environment. It is also anaerobically converted into lactate during muscle contraction, and serves as an important biochemical intermediate by bonding with acetyl coenzyme A to enter the Krebs cycle. FTP, identify this molecule produced by glycolysis.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bbf3eeec16a84b2aaae589ec00018cdc",
            "input": "In one novel from this country, Mrs. Ruth Godbold and her children watch the destruction of Xanadu, a house previously owned by Miss Hare. That novel is Riders in the Chariot. One author from this country described the murder of the Healy and Newby families in The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith. One author from this country wrote about Laura Trevelyan and the title German explorer's attempt to cross an entire continent in Voss, and another author from this country wrote about a bet centered on transporting a glass cathedral in Oscar and Lucinda. For 10 points, name this country home to Thomas Keneally, Patrick White, and Peter Carey.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-894f024fd9ee48338c66d96648283a38",
            "input": "This ruler dispatched the Nestorian monk, Rabban Sauma, as a diplomat to Christian Europe. With the help of his general, Hundred Eyes Bayan, he successfully besieged the cities of Xianyang and Fencheng. After those victories, he conquered the Southern Song and declared himself ruler of the Yuan Dynasty. This man sent an expedition to Kyushu, which was defended by a stone wall along Hakkata Bay; however, that expedition failed when a typhoon called the kamikaze destroyed this ruler's navy. For 10 points, name this Mongol ruler visited by Marco Polo who was the grandson of Genghis.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-55e1bc839f0a4c99bd011c51c2316702",
            "input": "Heinrich von Treitschke called it \"a glorious beginning to a glorious history,\" a view criticized by William Henderson. Its greatest advocate was imprisoned in Wurtemberg in 1822 and deported to America for supporting the idea, which was inspired by Napoleon's Continental System. Karl Bruck advocated the entry of Austria, but this plan was halted by the minister of commerce, Delbruck. Founded through the efforts of Friedrich List, it was dissolved during the Seven Weeks War, but was reformed in 1867 with the state veto power removed by Bismarck. FTP, name this economic association founded in 1834 among the German states, whose name is German for customs union.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea0017d427f04e66b39e9ea44806febe",
            "input": "It was accompanied by a note to the reader that identifies a person on business from Porlock interfering with its composition. Written in iambic tetrameter, its first section describes gardens bright with sinuous rills and an incense bearing tree. With a title inspired by a passage in Purchas Pilgrimage, it was William Bartrams Travels that suggested the mighty fountain momently ... forced. After hearing a damsel with a dulcimer singing of Mount Abora, the poems speaker imagines himself building a device in the air that is sunny, in order to fulfill the decree of the title emperor. FTP, name this poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a work that envisions the construction of a stately pleasure-dome in Xanadu.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb5e094cac434a3f8f4f1e1a9e57f1bc",
            "input": "Early in his career, this artist executed a series of powerful engravings, notably The Frugal Repast, while his contributions to the realm of sculpture included Head of a Bull, Metamorphosis, made using the seat and handlebars of a bicycle. Images like the Dying Horse, the Weeping Woman, and the Minotaur predominate in his late work, which includes The Charnel House, while his early efforts, like La Vie, The Family of Saltimbanques, and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, are often divided into periods like the \"Rose\" and \"Blue\" Periods. FTP, who was this Spanish painter probably best known for Guernica",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e91fb62c9dd44e6dbbfe6c470d7db5f0",
            "input": "In one speech from this a play a character says he will battle another man \"with one hand on his\\n scrotum\" after accusing him of planning to use genetic engineering to make ugly people sterile. In the third\\n act a man enters with a bouquet of snapdragons throwing them as spears at another character he calls\\n \"houseboy.\" This play ends with a woman saying \"I am\" in response to the wittiest thing said at the party\\n that evening. A game called \"Get the Guest\" reveals one woman had a hysterical pregnancy in its second\\n act titled \"Walpurgisnacht.\" A story about a man who dies in a car crash by swerving to avoid a porcupine\\n leads to the revelation that the central couple's son is imaginary. Nick and Honey are invited over for\\n drinks by George and Martha, for 10 points, in this play by Edward Albee.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c7e3d90b65354ec7a08cca60c57413ca",
            "input": "At one point in this novel, the title character is infuriated when his wife gives a quack doctor twenty dollars for a therapeutic battery. The protagonist is briefly enthralled by an advertisement reading \"\"Trips to the West: Reduced Rates\"\" but ultimately is seen transporting an engineer to his home in Starkfield. The arrival of Mattie Silver causes a rift with the hypochondriac Zenobia in, for 10 points, what Edith Wharton novel that climaxes with the crash of a sled into a tree",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1420a48af71d41d89bae71229c569832",
            "input": "One sub-clade of this phylum is genus buddenbrokia, which belongs to actinospore-stage-having class myxosporea. A now-extinct group in this phylum named its fossils' wrinkled bodies is rugosa. This phylum's class cubozoa contains the toxic organisms of genus chironex. This phylum's layered bodies consist of epidermis, mesoglea, and gastrodermis, making them the simplest multi-tissue organisms. Members of this phylum's class (*) scyphozoa exemplify two characteristics of this phylum: a two-stage lifecycle, consisting of an often-sessile polyp and a free adult, or medusa and the use of toxic nematocysts. FTP, name this phylum of radially symmetric organisms like sea anemones, corals and jellyfish.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31f235eff8ea414b9bc10752fb746c97",
            "input": "This thinker discussed Cohen, a Jewish trader who was arrested by the French after collecting an indemnity of sheep from a Berber tribe. This author of \"Blurred Genres\" provided a five part definition of the titular \"system of symbols\" in \"Religion as a Cultural System\" and wrote on the title \"device for the enactment of mass ritual\" in Negara: The Theatre State. This author of Islam Observed discussed \"webs of significance\" in one essay, collected with another which characterized the titular action as \"an assemblage of texts\". \"Thick Description\" and \"Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight. \" were, for 10 points, written by this anthropologist, author of Interpretation of Cultures.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-118ca14946104187928a3be8ad4cc362",
            "input": "Induction coils with spark gaps were the first devices to suggest its existence. When the receiving coil in an 1887 experiment was enclosed in a dark case, the observed spark was always smaller. The aforementioned work by Hertz was followed by contributions in the area from Thomson and Lenard. Lenard found that it was independent of the ultraviolet lights intensity, but it took until the article On a Heuristic Point of View about the Creation and Conversion of Light for the concept to be widely diffused. For 10 points, the work function is associated with this effect, whose discovery won the 1905 Nobel Prize for Physics for Albert Einstein.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba37419778154d0dafe72c9e705d8d70",
            "input": "Like its northern neighbor, this state has two courts of final recourse, with its Supreme Court handling only civil law and a co-equal Court of Criminal Appeals handling other matters. This state also empowers a particular county district attorney to investigate official corruption allegations, which led to much focus on the retirement of Ronnie Earle in 2007. Currently represented in the Senate by John Cornyn and Kay Bailey Hutchinson, for 10 points, name this official state of residency for Tom DeLay and George W. Bush.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-560d48bacbd44c1280c115a0048af334",
            "input": "This work discusses the tangible, external values of a life of faith in the section Devout Observances. It also addresses the impact of mans predatory nature on the development of modern sport and later on gambling proclivity in the sections Modern Survivals of Prowess and The Belief in Luck, respectively. It argues that the title concept arose out of conquering peoples who delegated menial jobs to the conquered, instead keeping more prestigious, but less essential, tasks for themselves. This work is most famous for introducing the concept of the pecuniary struggle, or the pursuit of wealth in order to match the accomplishments of others, as well as a concept that involves the acquisition of wealth for the express purpose of displaying that wealth, conspicuous consumption. FTP, name this work of Thorstein Veblen.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9508f5125e654a4a98ed21b9258d6526",
            "input": "In the Iliad, he is the husband of Aglaea, and Dionysus was allowed to join the pantheon after getting him drunk. His failed attempt to sleep with Athena led to the birth of Erechtheus, . Early in life, he was taken care of by Eurynome and Thetis, and he ordered Kedalion to guide Orion to the sun so the hunter's sight could be restored. Theseus killed his son Periphetes, and after publicly revealing his wife's infidelities (*) using a magic net, the other gods laughed. Cyclopes served as his assistants, and to prevent infighting, Aphrodite was married to him. Thrown off of Mount Olympus by both of his parents, he created Pandora from clay, and he aided in the birth of Athena by splitting Zeus' head open. FTP, identify this cripple Greek god who made lots of stuff in forges.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52c2fe54d37e4113b4c9c13a96278466",
            "input": "This artist painted a woman lying on sumptuous white bed sheets below a golden cherub in his Danae, which was modeled on his wife Saskia. He painted the Hebrew letters \"Mene, Mene, Tekel u-Pharsin\" in his depiction of Belshazzar's Feast. He painted some inquisitive gentlemen examining a skinless arm in his painting The (*) Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp. Another of his paintings includes a girl holding a chicken and a group of men with spears and drums. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist who painted \"The Shooting Company of Frans Banning Cocq\" in Night Watch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3eb98cc4a10a4859bb71b71ce92790af",
            "input": "One character in this novel tells a lengthy story about losing his virginity to a devout old woman before faking a fall in front of a \"beauty of the first water. \" The protagonist of this novel is made to trample on the stomach of a pregnant woman by an American soldier, and watches a woman squirting breast milk into a cup during a tea ceremony. After the stuttering protagonist starts attending university, he befriends the club-footed Kashiwagi. The protagonist repeats the koan \"If you meet the Buddha in the road, kill him\" after becoming an acolyte of the title structure. For 10 points, name this novel in which Mizoguchi burns down the beautiful title structure, a work by Yukio Mishima.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d31b007d830a4402b054a888f96a0c0d",
            "input": "This molecule facilitates the Griesbaum reaction and cleaves an alkene to forms an aldehyde or a ketone in a 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition, the Criegee mechanism. In the Chapman Cycle, this diamagnetic compound with a bent geometry is replenished by a paramagnetic, diatomic molecule. In that reaction, this molecule is formed by the absorption of a photon with a wavelength of less than 280 nanometers. It can be depleted by chlorofluorocarbons, making the Earth more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation. For 10 points, name this molecule found in a namesake atmospheric \"layer\", a triatomic allotrope of oxygen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-852a4ea0665c4fb8b1755506bbf8e6f2",
            "input": "One city in this state, named for a tree that Edward Beale destroyed, was the site of the personal observatory where Percival Lowell discovered Pluto. Mountains surrounding the capital in this state include the White Tank Mountains and the Superstition Mountains. This state's city of Window Rock is the seat of government for the Navajo Nation. It contains the Painted Desert, Petrified Forest, and Saguaro National Park. Its cities include Winslow, Flagstaff, Yuma, and Tucson. For 10 points, name this southwest state, home to the Grand Canyon and Phoenix.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33b4c028fc9d402f9a06d1b841a7a58d",
            "input": "The ornate chandelier at the top of the painting holds a single lit candle, while several pieces of fruit can be seen by the window on the left. A red pair of shoes on the floor in the back contrasts with the pair of wooden clogs in the lower left. The figure on the right has her green dress gathered up in one hand, while a little dog, possibly representing fidelity, stands in the middle at the participants' feet. Perhaps best known for the concave mirror in the background that reflects two witnesses, including the artist, FTP, identify this Jan van Eyck painting depicting the marriage vows of a certain couple.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c64b284e54384bbc86e33100468466bc",
            "input": "This work premiered as part of a charity concert series and was troubled by last-minute rearrangements and other production difficulties. After various demands from Jonathan Swift, the dean of St. Patricks Cathedral, the work was finally allowed to premiere on April 13, 1741 in Dublin. The work is divided into three parts, all dealing with different aspects of the life of what the composer considered the title entity. Famous arias from the work include I know that my Redeemer liveth, and Every Valley shall be exalted. The finale chorus of the work is borrowed from Revelation, while a good deal of the remaining libretto is taken from the Old Testament. FTP, name this oratorio by George Frederic Handel, most famous for the chorus Hallelujah.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac26a93f00b545819e344886bae09de1",
            "input": "In the Huang-Minlon modification of this reaction, the process is carried out in a high boiling point solvent and the use of sealed tubes is avoided. This organic reaction entails a base catalyzed double bond migration that involves the loss of nitrogen gas before evolving the final product. In the key step, the original reactant is converted to its corresponding hydrazone before finally being converted to an alkyl group. FTP, identify this reduction reaction named after two scientists that converts ketones into alkanes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d2d1cd9366544a9818073df069cc090",
            "input": "This man permitted a group of unarmed protesters to enter Goa in 1955, thirty of which were killed, and later invaded that colony. This man stated, \"\"We shall never allow that torch of freedom to be blown out, however high the wind or stormy the tempest,\"\" in his \"\"Tryst With Destiny\"\" speech. This man presided over the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in 1929 that advocated independence. For 20 points, name this man who served as the first prime minister of post-independence India.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21c0037f6b49475594b1596ec39dcb0d",
            "input": "This work includes the aria \"Un bel di,\" describing a beautiful day when a ship will arrive with the singer's husband after three years away. Unfortunately, the consul Sharpless informs the title character that her husband has married Kate, an American worman. Lieutenant (*) Pinkerton abandons the title character of, for 10 points, what Giacomo Puccini opera about Cio-Cio San, a Japanese woman known by an insect nickname",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-20c6ce733a10431fb7cf852964ed9021",
            "input": "This author chronicled a family's fall over 60 years from the perspective of Nell in the collection Moral Disorder. In another work by this author, psychologist Simon Jordan inspects the title maid, who is accused of murdering her former employer Thomas Kinnear. That novel is Alias Grace. Another of her novels follows Snowman as he protects a community of genetically engineered humanoids called Crakers. Along with Oryx and Crake, she wrote a novel set in the Republic of Gilead that follows the title character Offred. For 10 points, name this author of The Handmaid's Tale.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66b97ed5b4ff4c74a9d5474bc1b405eb",
            "input": "The greatest Doubletree hotel in the world occupies this city's Arctic Club building, whose facade is lined with terra cotta walrus heads. It's not New York, but a flatiron-shaped building in this city is called the Times Square Building. Elevator operators still work at this city's oldest skyscraper, the pyramid-capped Smith Tower. A library in this city includes a four-story [*] \"Book Spiral\" that houses its collection along a continuous line. The 1962 World's Fair, was held in this city, prompting the construction of an observation tower that is now located near a Paul Allen-sponsored building resembling a smashed Stratocaster. This city's Central Library was designed by Rem Koolhas, and Frank Gehry designed its Experience Music Project. For 10 points, name this home of the Space Needle.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65fd50e86f654031843aa2b7519752d0",
            "input": "In one play by this author, Geronte is told that he cannot arrange a marriage for his son because the son already married a woman whom he knocked up, but Lucrece ends up marrying Dorante anyway. Another of his plays ends with Severe promising to petition Emperor Decius for religious toleration, after the martyrdom of Paulines husband. In addition to The Liar and that play set in Roman-controlled Armenia, Polyeucte, he wrote about a character who loves Amelia and is pardoned for his plan to assassinate Augustus in Cinna and about a hero who kills Don Gomes and pursues Chimene in his adaptation of a Spanish epic. For 10 points, name this French playwright of Horace and Le Cid.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a6082f81798f40ab8d0db64da2cb5be9",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel takes a job under an ignorant boss who just organizes rallies such as\\n Tougher Teeth Week and Banish the Booze Week. The title character is fired for ordering the McCandless\\n tenements to be burnt down after inheriting the position of Dr. Almus Pickerbaugh. At the end of this novel\\n the protagonist divorces his second wife Joyce Landon and goes to work with Terry Wickett in rural\\n Vermont. The title character is invited to join the McGurk Institute by his former teacher Max Gottlieb, and\\n his wife Leora Tozer dies from an infected cigarette while he is studying the bubonic plague on the island\\n of St. Hubert. For 10 points, name this novel about the title doctor, Martin, by Sinclair Lewis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1dc2c3c05c2e4f9290e157bf40a9f427",
            "input": "The overall effect of this church council, which declared Jerusalem and Constantinople patriarchates, was to give the church a more stable institutional character. Convoked by the emperor Marcian and held in what is now Kadikoy, Turkey, this council acknowledged the orthodoxy of Theodoret, excommunicated the Monophysite Dioscorus, and approved the Tome of Pope Leo I confirming two distinct natures of Christ. FTP, name this Christian church council of 451 which approved the creed of Nicaea (ny-see-uh).",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35a005bfcacb403cae5ac3dda21b65a4",
            "input": "Members of this community carried out the 1860 massacres at Dayr al-Qamr and Zahlah. One member of this group, Sultan al-Atrash, occupied Suwayda in 1925 and sparked the so-called \"Great Revolt\" against the French. Another leader of this community was Kamal Jumblatt, who was assassinated in 1977, likely on the orders of Hafiz al-Asad. Members of this community are the only non-(*) Jewish group widely represented in the Israel Defense Forces. This group traces its origins to the Persian Hamza ibn Ali, and to al-Hakim, a Fatimid Caliph who vanished in 1021. Represented by a five-pointed star, this is, for 10 points, what offshoot of Shi'i Islam prominent in Israel, Syria, and Lebanon",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7bb2c3b39b74b348f80fd771aa3cfb6",
            "input": "Finding the quadrupole-to-monopole ratio of the correlation function of the space named for this quantity is used to find its namesake distortion parameter, symbolized beta. Mattig's formula is a particular instance of the relation between this quantity and angular size. Because the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect is independent of this quantity, said effect is used to map galaxy clusters that have high values of it. The K correction is employed in surveys that use this quantity, which include DEEP2, 2dF, and CfA. One method of calculating this quantity involves finding the ratio of the scale factor in the (*) past to the current scale factor, and distortions in it include the Kaiser effect and the \"Fingers of God\". It is equal to 1089 for the CMB, which corresponds to reionization. This value, symbolized z, is negative for M81 because M81 is moving towards us. For 10 points, name this quantity found by dividing the difference between the observed and emitted wavelength and dividing by the emitted wavelength, which is a change in the observed wavelength from an object moving away from the observer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57e3757628704c8292b87bc447a7f933",
            "input": "composer used a pun on the word \"celebration\" to title his piece composed for a millennial in honor of Saints Cyril and Methodius, his Slavimo Slavno Slaveni! He composed the introduction and planned out a work that borrowed the \"March of the Puritans\" theme from Bellini's I puritani and collaborated with him, Chopin, Czerny, and others. In addition to the Hexameron, he set a Ferdinand Freiligrath poem to the third and most famous of his Liebestraum. His works for two pianos include his Concerto pathetique. He invented a genre which sought to separate concert overtures into a standalone form, examples of which include Prometheus, Orpheus, and Les preludes. This composer of a Piano Sonata in B minor also labeled his Bagatelle without tonality as his fourth Mephisto Waltz. For 10 points, name this composer who used the folk tunes of his homeland to write his nineteen Hungarian Rhapsodies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f11464a4180843c8b2cc8248f4cd4c91",
            "input": "of this religion's dietary plan such as eating raw fruit and once-daily meals are outlined by one of its leaders in How to Eat to Live. That leader claimed that the Book of Ezekiel passage about wheels of beryl described a circular flying object made of connecting spheres called the Mother Plane. It holds that an experiment conducted on the island of Patmos by Dr. Yakub created all other people from a \"black seed. \" This religion is currently led by Louis Farrakhan, and it originally claimed that the last prophet was not Muhammad but Elijah Muhammad. For 10 points, name this religion, a supposed Muslim sect associated with Elijah Muhammad and Malcom X that advocates Black supremacy.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44874679d04e41d0a4a17b77f894e4b5",
            "input": "An enzyme dependent on this metallic element as a cofactor is inhibited by hydroxyurea. An ion of this element is found in the +4 oxidation state bound to an oxo ligand in the key mechanistic step of an enzyme that also uses the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin; that enzyme is phenylalanine hydroxylase. This element is used in the Bechamp reduction. The first known ligands of hapticity 5 were bonded to a central atom of this metal. It's not aluminum, but this element's trichloride is often used as a catalyst in the chlorination of arenes. This element is present both as the counter-ion and in the central complex ion of the dye Prussian blue. An alloy of this element and carbon can undergo martensite or pearlite phase transitions. For 10 points, name this transition metal found in ferrocene.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad65c8b178c6478cb8960b283a1cb418",
            "input": "Several generals were killed in this nation in 1965 by the September 30th Movement. This country's independence was recognized in a document signed by Queen Juliana and Mohammed Hatta. A recent ruler of this country was called Gus Dur, and it's also been ruled by Megawati. An earlier leader of this country hosted an influential 1955 meeting of developing nations at the Bandung Conference. For 10 points, name country once ruled by Sukarno, the most populous Muslim country.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d34217eef85646fb915ce175470515c4",
            "input": "An Arabic king abandons a Babylonian king in the desert after being locked in a maze in one story by this author, while a lack of Arabic words for tragedy and comedy stymie the title character's attempts to explain the concepts in another. In addition to \"The Two Kings and the Two Labyrinths\" and \"Averroes's Search\", he wrote one story in which Nils Runeburg writes books about the title apostle \"as God and the Real Savior\" and \"as the human counterpart of Jesus\" and wrote about a young medical student in Argentina reading the Bible to an illiterate family in another story. This author of \"Three Versions of Judas\" and \"The Gospel According to Mark\" wrote a story about a point in space that contains all other points and is in the cellar of Daneri's house, and one story in which Yu Tsan kills Dr. Stephen Albert to convey the name of a city to be bombed. For 10 pointsname this author of \"The Aleph\" and \"The Garden of the Forking Paths\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-02bc1f2caad9418e8cc42fe8164a0742",
            "input": "In July 1934, this city was the location of \"Bloody Thursday\" when the longshoremen's union fought against rivals for employment. In 1975, it was where Squeaky Fromme attempted to assassinate Gerald Ford. In 1945, a two-month (*) conference in this city designed the United Nations, and in 1978, Dianne Feinstein became its mayor when former politician Dan White killed George Moscone and Harvey Milk. For 10 points, name this city which, in 1989 and 1906, suffered large earthquakes.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c1e9200bc634036baac3b91877745f8",
            "input": "An individual from this country was likely responsible for the Dulcie September shooting in Paris, and collaborated with private American interests to organize Operation Babushka, formally known as the IFF, which focused heavily on discrediting dissidents in this country and was overseen by Jack Abramoff. Craig Williamson's trail of death while serving this country's government may have extended to the murder of Swedish PM Olaf Palme nearly ten years after an event recounted in Joe Slovo's No Middle Road broke out here as a result of language-based education laws. UNSCR-134 condemned an incident in this site of the Church Street Bombing that saw tension over the Cato Manor killings lead police to fire on protesters in the Sharpeville Massacre. For 10 points, identify this country which imprisoned members of the Spear of the Nation on Robben Island and saw the Soweto Uprising during the long struggle against Apartheid.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd7ec9b0d254452488c35a2bb89c3523",
            "input": "In one work by this author, the owner of a restaurant tries to get involved in her husband's political campaign, but the conservatives end up using her past promiscuity to win, and a character created by this author goes out of her way to not tan, but dies from a heart attack when attempting to save her children from an undertow. The author of After the Banquet and The Sailor who Fell from Grace with the Sea, the protagonist dreams of eating a schoolmate and realizes that he is gay in his novel Confessions of a Mask, and one figure created by him buys arsenic and a knife, but ends up not committing suicide after burning the title locale. FTP, Mizoguchi ends up torching the Temple of the Golden Pavilion in a novel by what Japanese author",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-490bab66ed724323b7b828dbd5f35126",
            "input": "In one essay by this man, an unnamed policeman in Burma is pressured by the natives to kill the title creature. In addition to \"\"Shooting an Elephant,\"\" this man wrote a novel in which the protagonist is married to the absent Katharine and works with Ampleforth, and another novel in which Boxer is exploited before being sent to his death by Napoleon. The latter novel sees the implementation of a maxim that states \"\"all\"\" the title characters \"\"are equal, but some are more equal than others. \"\" For 10 points, name this English author who wrote the dystopian 1984 and Animal Farm.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db5669201024452da8491c2aa0863e08",
            "input": "The difference between this value for constituent atoms increases going up the right side of Ketelaar's triangle. The spectroscopic type of it was developed by Leland Allen, and it is inversely proportional to the square of the covalent radius and proportional to the effective nuclear charge in the AllredRochow type. Ionization energy and electron affinity are added together to determine the Mulliken type, and fluorine, measuring four, has the highest value according to the Pauling scale for it. For 10 points, name this measure of the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons within bonds.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b16daf1de3544bcca0c998dd5a0c3b18",
            "input": "two sides of this conflict briefly reconciled on Lady Day in what was called the \"Love Day procession. \" During this conflict, Parliament instituted the Titulus Regius by declaring one ruler's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville invalid. The enmity between the Neville and Percy families spilled over into this conflict. One battle during this war was fought near a namesake abbey, and saw Edward IV defeat the forces of Margaret of Anjou. In addition to the Battle of Tewksbury and two battles fought at Saint Albans, this war included the defeat of Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. For 10 points, name this series of English wars between the houses of Lancaster and York.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb01b81408ba4ab0a9c682e06f735ae5",
            "input": "It is widely believed that the name of this religion is based on one of its early heretics who was killed for preaching that a reigning caliph was the reincarnation of God. This was first practiced at the Raydan Mosque in Cairo once Hamza ibn Ali moved there, and their holy works include the Epistles of Wisdom while incorporating other religious and philosophical works. Practitioners, who do not believe in conversion and keep their teachings secret, refer to themselves as monotheists. This religion is a descendant of Ismailism, which is a branch of Shia Islam, and it dates to the 11th century. Name this group represented by a star with five colors, most of whom live in Lebanon and Syria.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a77b71cfcc3e4695ac5af57934e4afbd",
            "input": "The vertical component of the effect caused by this force is sometimes named for Eotvos. The ratio of inertial forces to the magnitude of this force is a dimensionless number named for Rossby. This force causes the apparent (*) deflection of objects moving in rotating reference frames. For 10 points, name this fictitious force that causes winds to deflect to the north and south of the equator, which is responsible for the formation of cyclones.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a2ece65df904f6b9a678819f26b924d",
            "input": "In Weber's opera Oberon, he provides the impetus for the slaying of Babekan and marriage of Rezia to Huon. His son Chariot uses a chessboard to kill the son of Ogier the Dane. Historically, the Basques ambushed the rear guard of his army at Roncesvalles, where his legendary nephew was killed. FTP, identify this man who brought the scholarly monk Alcuin to his court and who in the chansons de geste was surrounded by twelve men, including Malagigi the Enchanter, Florismart, and Roland.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e122191dfdc6488c86e4c1b18cbfe8da",
            "input": "In one story, this man saved the town of Gubbio by making a pact with an attacking wolf. After spending time as a Perugian captive, he saw a vision of a hall full of cross-marked armor, which encouraged him to travel to Apulia. After 40 days' fasting on the mountain La Verna, he saw a six-winged seraph, after which he received the stigmata, according to his namesake Fioretti. He praised Sister Death, Brother Fire, and Brother Moon in his Canticle of the Sun, and was credited with inventing the Nativity creche scene. For 10 points, identify this Catholic patron saint of animals, the founder of a namesake group whose first two orders are the Poor Clares and the Friars Minor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43350da0af4a46e390728b31b64508bc",
            "input": "The reactance of an inductor is equal to this quantity times the inductance, and resonance occurs at the natural type of this quantity. Beats occur two waves have very close values for this quantity. High-energy waves like gamma rays have higher values for this quantity, since the energy is equal to h-bar times this quantity. The Doppler effect results in a shift in this quantity which is measured in Hertz and which is equal to the number of oscillations per second. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to velocity divided by wavelength that has units of one over time.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa75c5de48c440709c9ac936e21e8aab",
            "input": "In this religion, the last step a devotee needs to perform to reach a union with God is known as Sach Khand. Practitioners of this religion engage in meditation called simran. One of the leaders of this religion emphasized that metal bracelets and curved swords are two of the five key requisites for an ideal devotee. Gobind created the five (*) \"K\"s for the Khalsa branch of this religion. Devotees often travel to the Golden Temple in Amritsar to pay their respects. For ten points, name this Indian religion, practiced mainly by Punjabis and founded by Guru Nanak.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44e305bf87964faf874c203dd0a7083c",
            "input": "The underpinning of this phenomenon hinges on considering the ensemble average of expectation values of the intrinsic angular momentum resulting from using the S-O Hamiltonian, as these expectation values vary harmonically in a strong field. Its namesake spectrum corresponds to a proper limit of the Larmor equation. It is of especial utility in studying ring flipping in cyclic hydrocarbons and, in 1985, it was used to determine the structure of fullerene. Proteins are frequently studied using its namesake spectroscopy, which produces a graph of chemical shift as a function of applied frequency. FTP, identify this phenomenon in which atoms have large responses to certain frequencies of applied fields; the basis for MRI's.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-773947bd6afc47a98a053a69744694c8",
            "input": "At the end of one of this man's novels, Levi Blackwater plucks a few hairs from the head of a dead man. That dead man, Selvy, was decapitated by a man named Van in a section of the novel called \"Marathon Mines. \"  At the end of another of his novels, a photographer named Brita watches an early morning wedding procession from an apartment in East Beirut. That novel features the death of a novelist named Bill Gray and begins with a Moonie wedding held at Yankee Stadium. In addition to Running Dog and Mao II, this man has written about a professor named Jack Gladney in a novel that features an airborne toxic event. FTP, name this American author of Underworld and White Noise.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a7429d531ec488cb03a393d5d72397e",
            "input": "One story by this author sees the narrator fail to find a suitable gift for the girl he has fallen in love with at a bazaar, while Greta recounts the death of Michael Furey to Gabriel Conroy in another story by this man. This author of \"Araby\" and \"The Dead\" also wrote a work set on June 16th which features characters such as Blazes Boylan, who manages Molly's singing career. That work centers on Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus, who was introduced in this author's Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man. For 10 points, name this Irish author of Dubliners and Ulysses.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35d1661122794238a55f4ecc6b49ec64",
            "input": "[RF] He spent most of his career in Rome, but returned to his native country in triumph twice, after the successes of his works Antiochus and Stratonice and The Vow of Louis XIII. However, during most of his career, critics denounced his \"Gothic\" compositions, though he did win the Prix de Rome in 1801 for his Ambassadors of Agamemnon in the Tent of Achilles. He wished to focus on history paintings such as The Apotheosis of Homer but is today remember for his sumptuous elongated nudes, the most famous of which was criticized for having three extra vertebrae For 10 points, name this French neoclassical painter of The Turkish Bath and The Grand Odalisque.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ee5cc8aeb444fa6a6f1f9aebecc4a6d",
            "input": "The first design for this building was offered by Luckman and Pereira, but the patron's daughter, Phyllis Lambert, rejected it. It is often stylistically grouped with Skidmore Owings & Merrill's Lever House, which sits across the street. Its interior contains many other works of modern art, such as a sculpture by Richard Lippold and a backdrop for performance of The Three-Cornered Hat painted by Picasso, and paintings by Rothko were intended to be displayed in the building's Four Seasons restaurant before that project fell through. Located at 375 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, FTP identify this modernist skyscraper designed mainly by Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson for a brewing company.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ae418a37a0946a9b039ee8f177c2a67",
            "input": "The film of this name stars Oscar Levant and Alexis Smith, and a desire to beat out a rival named Vincent Lopez indirectly inspired the composition of this piece, on which the composer made great progress while riding a train to Boston. Followed up chronologically by the composers Cuban Overture and a Concerto in F, the New York Tribune advised listeners to weep over the lifelessness of this work. It was commissioned by Paul Whiteman, scored by his arranger Ferde Grofe and famously named after a visit to a Whistler gallery by the composers brother Ira. FTP, name this George Gershwin work with a famous clarinet opening and a colorful title.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-648770e90b5c45f6bc5c830b64701abd",
            "input": "The lower and left lateral portions of this organ form the uncinate process, and many of its products empty through the duct of Wirsung. It is primarily composed of acinar cells, while other portions of it have recently been discovered to produce ghrelin in epsilon cells, along with somatostatin in delta cells. Its exocrine portions produce enterokinase, its namesake lipase, and trypsin, which are secreted into the duodenum. For 10 points, name this organ whose alpha and beta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce glucagon and insulin.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aeaedb6115354f8985c7fbefaa7dd18d",
            "input": "One of this composers symphonies has a horn enter a recapitulation of the theme four bars before the rest of the orchestra, and that work's second movement is a funeral march. This composer wrote the \"Waldstein\" piano sonata and the \"Kreutzer\" violin sonata. On symphony by this composer opens with a G-G-G-E flat motif. One symphony he wrote sets the Schiller poem \"Ode to Joy\" for chorus in its final movement. For 10 points, name this composer of the Eroica symphony, whose 5th symphony has a \"fate knocking at the door\" theme, and who was deaf when he wrote his 9th symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2fbd38e6ef64528bf4b823e99539a2a",
            "input": "Wolfgang Kapp's coup was stopped in this city after a general strike. A meeting at this location gave Cyprus to the British, while another meeting here concluded with a General Act that established the Congo as private property. The Glienicke Bridge just outside this city was used to conduct several spy exchanges. Three corridors were used to access this city during one event here, where Operation Little Vittles was conducted. Checkpoint Charlie in this city was a famous part of a structure built here under orders from Walter Ulbricht. For 10 points, identify this capital of the Hohenzollern family of Prussia, split into 4 occupation zones following World War II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-210dbe6592114843976c9a5da7be4434",
            "input": "Obscure rulers of this polity include Sinatruk, who came to power at the age of 80 during an invasion from the north. It was known as \"Anxi\" to the Chinese and was founded by a member of the Parni tribe. The Kingdoms of Characene and Elymais were part of this larger polity, whose notable generals included Surena. It began as a revolt against Andragoras, a Seleucid governor. During the reign of Orodes II this empire ruled by the Arsacid Dynasty won the Battle of Carrhae against the Roman triumvir Crassus, but it would be destroyed by Ardashir I who founded its successor state after capturing Ctesephon. For ten points, name this empire in Persia that preceded the Sassanids.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c20246e24b7244578dc19ab7fbd29240",
            "input": "One of the frescos contained in this building is Perugino's Delivery of the Keys, and another work shows the Red Sea with red water. The left wall of this building is lined with different frescoes depicting the life of Moses, while the right wall has pictures depicting the life of Christ. One of the paintings shows St. Bartholomew holding his flayed skin. The artist who painted that also painted The Last Judgment on the back wall after he completed the massive ceiling painting. For 10 points, name this building, where Michelangelo painted The Creation of Adam and where papal conclaves are held in Vatican City.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6dd16b9080ad411c8aead52f5e323f8d",
            "input": "The cantata The Lovers was completed late in his career, Hermit Songs  was first sung by Leontyne Price, while his work Knoxville  was inspired by James Agee. He premiered a setting of Dover Beach  on NBC in 1935 and spent some time in the early 1950s composing ballets including, Souvenirs  and Medea's Meditation , but he found greater acclaim for choral works like Prayers of Kierkegaard  and the opera Vanessa . FTP identify this composer of 2 symphonies, famed for The Rose Tree , the Capricorn Concerto  and the Adagio for Strings .",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06d1b5e49738485c82e3e27fee32bdfd",
            "input": "This architect used gold leaf and arcade window walls for his Golden Door, part of the Transportation Building in Chicago. This architects National Farmer's Bank, which uses terra cotta in its window outlines, is similar to one work that was commissioned by Hascal Taylor. This designer of the Buffalo Guaranty Building used floating ties for one work for which he collaborated with Dankmar Adler, the Auditorium Building, and drew on the exterior ornaments of Reims Catheral for another work largely constructed of red brick. The Wainwright Building was designed by, for 10 points, what architect, whose mantra was form follows function",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eeb2a899dcdf45e0993e12060f3eed7c",
            "input": "This event was the subject of the Supreme Court case Luther v. Borden, and agitators in this event argued that their rights under the Constitution's (+) Guarantee Clause had been violated. This event's namesake's supporters elected him to a certain position after opposing the Freemen's Constitution, and President Tyler ultimately declined to intervene in this event. This rebellion began after both its namesake and Samuel Ward (*) King were elected as governor of a certain state. For 10 points, name this 1840s American uprising whose namesake sought to enact universal male suffrage in Rhode Island.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d6cf9445fda40eda9fba91c6044f201",
            "input": "Typically a strong base such as NaOH or KOH is used in this reaction, and dehydration of its namesake products tends to give a conjugated system known as an enal. The hydroxide first removes the acidic alpha-hydrogen, which results in an enolate. The enolate then attacks the starting aldehyde, producing an alkoxide that deprotonates a water molecule and creates the beta-hydroxyaldehyde product. FTP, identify this condensation reaction, the simplest of which produces ethanal, named for the two compounds combined in its product.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7494a8b21050452daca430e377f4aa50",
            "input": "This composer's first symphony, which he submitted and resubmitted for criticism to his teacher Nikolai Zaremba, nearly led to his mental breakdown. This man used his material from his unpublished opera Undine in the second movement of his C-minor second symphony, whose basis in Ukrainian folk songs led to a nickname coined by Nikolai Kashkin. This composer's final symphony, which contains a (*) \"limping waltz\" in 5/4 time, was premiered just nine days before his death and dedicated to his homosexual lover. For 10 points, name this composer of the symphonies nicknamed Little Russian, Winter Daydreams, and Pathetique, who also composed the \"1812 Overture.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b4a1b4b149c44cb8d003f29b51b6fce",
            "input": "one of this man's works, the protagonist meets a prisoner who talks about \"a sinister game of musical chairs\" before being executed. That character, Bernal, is the brother of the protagonist's future wife. This author also wrote about a schoolteacher whose father had a Cuban mistress. This creator of Harriet Winslow wrote about a man who loves Regina but is in a loveless marriage with Catalina. One of this man's titular characters is a journalist looking for Pancho Villa and is based on Ambrose Bierce. Another is a corrupt newspaper tycoon who thinks of Mexico's history as he lays on his deathbed. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc3e2673406e45edbad8f23eb298be1c",
            "input": "In one episode in this novel, an army is set on fire after being ambushed during a battle at Bowang Slope. One of this novel's protagonists marries Lady Sun. In this novel, the warrior Lu Bu is involved in a love triangle with Diaochan and the warlord Dong Zhou. The first chapter of this novel features the Oath of the Peach Garden, which was sworn by three warriors, including (*) Liu Bei, who is victorious at the Battle of Red Cliffs. For 10 points, name this historical novel by Luo Guanzhong about the conflict between the states of Wei, Shu, and Wu.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49d0fc45b24d4e588108f5ea6310e492",
            "input": "John Searle criticized this philosopher's work in his essay Reiterating the Difference, to which this man responded in the afterword of another work. Another of his works describes organized crime as a \"phantom state\". That work traces the development of the concept of underemployment and describes them as \"plagues of capital\" and part of the title legacy. This author of Limited Inc. and Spectres of Marx described a concept which combines the meanings of the words \"differ\" and \"defer\" and about the futility of escaping infinite context, which led him to write \"there is nothing outside the text.\" For 10 points, name this French philosopher who coined the term \"differance\" and wrote Of Grammatology, the founder of deconstructionism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26a12c9aa0c543b5b188d8a3a9187f8f",
            "input": "Metabolism of this molecule is disturbed by defects in WRN protein. This molecule is the subject of a signal amplification technique using its \"branched\" form. Bloom syndrome protein is an ATP-dependent enzyme that acts primarily on this molecule. A phenomenon exhibited by this molecule is described by quantities called \"writhe\" and \"twist.\" This molecule's structures include its Z form and A form, but its standard structure is its B form. The amount of this molecule in a cell determines the C-value. This molecule exhibits supercoiling, and it is wound around octamers of proteins called histones. For 10 points, name this molecule packaged in the nucleus whose double helix structure was discovered by Watson and Crick.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04f355103bf446fb9ca77d6030926865",
            "input": "In one poem of this name, the speaker \"was in the prison/ of being in a crowd, alone\" before meeting the title figure at a powwow. In addition to that work by Mary Ann Gerard, another poem by this name concludes \"what, anyway,/ was that sticky infusion, that rank flavor of blood, that poetry, by which I lived\", after the speaker experiences the last days of the title figure, which he murdered with a sharpened bone. That poem, appearing in the collection Body Rags, is by Galway Kinnell, while another work of this name compares man to the title creature, who looks \"baggy\" and \"equally pathetic/ whether sedentary or peripatetic\", while vacillating between the theories of one \"Greek\" or another. In addition to that Robert Frost poem, Another work of this name sees Lion trained to kill the title creature, after Boon Hogganbeck and Sam Fathers bring Ike McCaslin into the wilderness for an annual hunt for the title creature. For 10 points, give this name, shared most famously with a William Faulkner short story about Old Ben, the titular animal.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d7ce04f17594e80a282724bf834c04f",
            "input": "This man refused to engage his countrymen at the Battle of Aspromonte, and he refused William Seward's offer of a generalship during the American Civil War. This man led Rio Grande do Sul in the War of the Tatters, and allied himself with the Colorados against the Blancos during the [*] Uruguayan Civil War. This man defended Mazzini's Roman Republic, and the treaty of Villafranca created enmity between him and Count Cavour. This man won at Palermo, leading to Sardinia's annexation of Sicily after this man's Expedition of the Thousand. For 10 points, name this Risorgimento era figure, the leader of the Redshirts.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce9eb5e3277b4d948d1660f9fd95e6b8",
            "input": "This author wrote about a girl who refuses to throw away a chicken sandwich in \"Just Before the War With the Eskimos. \" Another work by this author features a boy with \"rickets in one leg and elephantiasis in other\" fishing next to a \"No Fishing! \" sign while in Montreal. \"The Chief\" tells members of the \"Comanche Club\" a story about a deformed criminal named the \"Laughing Man\" in one of his works. Another work by this man sees the central character chat with Sibyl on the beach before shooting himself in the head. For 10 points, name this creator of Seymour Glass in \"A Perfect Day for Bananafish,\" who wrote about Holden in The Catcher in the Rye.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-249f4b00c8a24bdf96bbe88216eea9a5",
            "input": "His time in office saw the promotion of a protectionist policy that was known as the \"National Plan,\" it also saw corruption, as the Pacific Railroad scandal broke in 1873, forcing him to resign for five years. As a lawyer early in his career, he had earned the esteem of many for his defense of American raiders in the Rebellions of 1837. Elected alderman of the city of Kingston, the following year he and political allies like Etienne Cartier and George Brown accepted the Conservative party's nomination for a seat on the Legislative Assembly. Finally in 1857 he gained the highest office in the land. For ten points, name this politician who, following the Act of Dominion, became the first Prime Minister of Canada.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af5b2cf63c294be08cb669e4a97e60e1",
            "input": "This artist painted a portrait of Muriel Belcher as the Sphinx after an African trip which also inspired his Study of a Baboon. In another painting by this artist, a bloody-faced mustached man in a business suit appears to be approaching a row of microphones, the top half of his head completely blocked off by a black umbrella. This artist claimed to have met his model-turned-lover while the latter was breaking into his apartment; he painted the Black (*) Triptychs in the depths of his grief for that lover, George Dyer. On an orange background, he painted three gray, eyeless, long-necked monsters with menacing jaws, intended to represent the Furies. This painter included beef carcasses in Figure with Meat and created a series of distorted studies after Velazquez's portrait of Innocent X. For 10 points, name this artist of the Screaming Popes series and Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3f6f6f707eb4e44ac7287592c1dd10a",
            "input": "Featuring the dirge \"Fear no more the heat of the sun,\" Tennyson purportedly died with a copy of it on the coverlet of his bed, while Shaw wrote a treatment of its fifth act as \"refinished. \" Its main sources are A Mirror for Magistrates, Holinshed, and Boccaccio for the love story. When a servant is ordered to commit murder at Milford Haven, Pisanio instead advises the victim to disguise herself as a page. In Wales, the fugitive meets her brothers, who were stolen twenty years before, at the home of Belarius. After Cloten is decapitated, Fidele takes a sleeping potion and joins the Roman army invading Britain as a result of the monarch's failure to pay tribute .FTP, name this Shakespeare play about Posthumus' love for Imogen, the daughter of the titular King of Britain.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f7e99c5652c4c63934f7e7111618c08",
            "input": "In this opera's first act, a chorus of street children sing \"\"Avec la garde montante. \"\" An officer in this opera is seduced when a woman performs a seguidilla (seg-weh-DEE-ya) dance, leading to his arrest. Later, that character encounters the same woman, to whom he sings the Flower Song, and engages in a sword fight with a bullfighter. This opera, which opens at a cigarette factory in Seville, features a love triangle between Escamillo, Don Jose, and the title woman, who sings the Habanera. For 10 points, name this Georges Bizet opera about a Spanish gypsy.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0612da8f6fe048aea0fe5b35fb747762",
            "input": "After his first opera was well received, he was offered a contract to compose three operas at eight-month intervals. He turned out the first of the three, the poorly received King for a Day, during a period in which he lost both of his children and then his wife. After a time of depression, he wrote his first major success, which included the \"Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves. \" FTP, identify this composer of Nabucco, The Force of Destiny, and Aida.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63b6b884dd6249c19be8da6802df9b34",
            "input": "Walsh calculated this quantity by considering stretching force constants, while Philips used dielectric values to calculate it for diamond-like crystals. Allen utilized the configuration energy to find it, while Huggins proposed an alternative to the (*) original thermal chemical method. Martynov and Batsanov determined it by averaging successive ionization energies while Sanderson measured electron density to determine it. Both Gordy and Allred-Rochow made use of the covalent radius and the effective nuclear charge, while Mulliken utilized the ionization potential and the electron affinity. For 10 points, name this chemical property whose most commonly used definition is the one developed by Linus Pauling, which assigns the highest value for this property to fluorine.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45366bc3dedf4364a4b90e70eb92c8b2",
            "input": "The frame of this painting contains a gold medal awarded by Charles X of France. On the left a woman in a yellow garment can be seen gathering water, and a boy in a blue hat holding a long stick can be seen next to a canoe and a duck in the right side of this work. A small brown-and white dog is seen in the foreground of this painting looking toward the central scene, and it depicts the cottage of one of the artists neighbors, Willy Lott. Originally entitled Landscape: Noon and depicting a site near Flatford Mill, FTP, name this painting that depicts a pair of horses pulling the titular agricultural conveyance across a river and shares its title with a tryptich by Hieronymous Bosch, an 1821 work by John Constable.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5524d0702b174a778f73233be8331d77",
            "input": "James Garfield used trapezoids to prove this result, which is also proven in Euclid's Elements. With integral values for its three variables, it gives rise to namesake \"\"triples,\"\" which cannot be found for exponents greater than two, according to Fermat's Last Theorem. It is a special case of the cosine law, where the angle is ninety degrees. For 10 points, name this theorem which is stated as \"\"A squared plus B squared equals C squared. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07aba5f00db44d8aba5cf1b7824d2337",
            "input": "In this novel, the central female character is forbidden from asking Oscar Wilde to sign her gazelle-skin\\n glove. The central male character in this novel confesses to having an affair with Barbara Lynch. Another\\n male character learns the violin from the German Lotario Thugut, which he attempts to use to win back his\\n former lover. At the beginning of this work, we learn how one of the main characters fell to his death\\n chasing his pet parrot. At the end of this work, Florentino Ariza and Fermina Daza make love aboard a\\n river boat and convince the captain the wave a yellow flag at port. For 10 points, name this Gabriel Garcia\\n Marquez novel that includes the character Juvenal Urbino, a doctor who hopes to eradicate the title disease.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11a41a57c7b442e5a5b989d66dee4e48",
            "input": "A dialogue between a dead boy and a dead cat takes place in this author's four hour unperformable puppet play Once Five Years Have Passed, and in a \"puppet farce\" by this man he stands on stage and argues with a puppet called \"the poet. \" The title character walks on stage leading his four children, declares, \"My poor children,\" then kills them with a wooden dagger in his Buster Keaton's Constitutional, while a black cockroach with artistic aspirations is enraptured by the title character in his The Butterfly's Evil Spell. The image of a bleeding horse pervades a lullaby in a better-known work, and the title character's namesake condition leads her to kill her husband Juan in Yerma. For 10 points name this author of Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9ce294061c44fa093d3a40176c2a4b7",
            "input": "One critic has argued that the essay \"Embarrassment and Social Organization\" places this student of W. Lloyd Warner in the Durkheimian school of ritualistic sociology. In one of his works he concluded that marketing reflects society's paternalistic subordination of women to men. In another he elucidated a tripartite classification of social devaluation: bodily, moral, and tribal. In a more noted series of works, he developed the theory of impression management and established the metaphor of sociology as theater, for which he tends to be pigeonholed as a symbolic interactionist. FTP, name this author of Gender Advertisements and Stigma, a sociologist best known for his The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e3860cc0d7d46caae96d8be1c21139a",
            "input": "This character proved his mettle at an early age by taking up a toy sword against a stool covered with a lionskin. This early promise was borne out in this hero's later deeds, such as snapping the neck of Cercyon and crushing the skull of the Crommyonian Sow. In later life, he lost part of one buttock after a failed attempt to abduct Persephone for his friend Pirithous. He fed Sciron to a monstrous turtle, tied Sinis to some pine trees, and beheaded Procrustes while traveling to Athens to meet Aegeus. FTP, name this Greek hero who abandoned Ariadne after she helped him defeat the Minotaur.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19f732b44c064107810242b18411fc51",
            "input": "theory which accurately predicts this quantity at low temperatures is based on the assumption that vibrational modes exhibit a linear relationship at longer wavelengths; that model gives this quantity as proportional to the cube of temperature below a namesake threshold. The difference between the molar forms of this quantity at constant pressure and at constant temperature give the ideal gas constant, while calculations by Dulong and Petit showed that the dimensionless form of this quantity is limits to 3 at high temperatures. For 10 points, identify this quantity which describes the rate of change in the thermal energy of a system with respect to temperature, and which is 4. 18 Joules per gram per Kelvin for water.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03bca5353fd7404c911f0e2ccf4a5a2a",
            "input": "A relation between covering and the number of generators for a specific type of this object containing cosets is Abhyankar's Conjecture. Sometimes defined as invertible monids, these structures are called topological if they have the Hausdorff topology and are continuous. Their character, sometimes known as the trace, is equal for ones in the same conjugacy class. The order of one contained in another must divide the order of the containing one according to Lagranges lemma. These are named for Lie [LEE] when their operation is smooth. They're not rings, but when they commute, they are called Abelian. FTP, name these mathematical structures, sets of elements and operations that are closed and associative and have an identity and inverses.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3afc08466c443068edec3f17e85c63f",
            "input": "Events in this novel include a visit to Bald Hills to arrange a marriage between Marya and Anatol, which is dashed after an apparent tryst with Madam Bourienne. Nikolai arrives at Olmutz to receive a letter from Boris, Schmidt's death in battle leads to an appearance at the court of Vienna, and Dolgorukhov's rejection of truce terms precipitates the final scene. FTP, name this novel which opens at a party at the house of Anna attended by Pierre, Prince Vasily, and Prince Andrei, written by Leo Tolstoy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e8a4c50c0e24a249450eb33bd71cd72",
            "input": "This monarch chartered the Levant Company and established relations with the Ottoman Empire, and the Moroccan ambassador to this ruler's court was Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud. This ruler was excommunicated for the Second Act of Supremacy by the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis. This ruler's primary advisor was William Cecil, and her spymaster Francis Walsingham stopped the [*] Babington Plot. This ruler ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. She never married, earning her the title of \"Virgin Queen.\" For 10 points, name this patroness of Shakespeare who defended England against the Spanish Armada.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae038196f31947f895dcd43a2bc33e20",
            "input": "This thinker used an elliptic pattern to map a sphere as a square to create his \"quincuncial map.\" This philosopher wrote a work that examines whether a diamond in a cushion of cotton can be called hard. He outlined the index, the icon, and the symbol as three classifications to his theory of the triadic relationship between the interpretant, the sign, and the object. He juxtaposed the \"Gospel of Greed\" and the \"Gospel of Belief\" in his article \"Evolutionary Love\" and wrote a work that dismisses the \"method of authority\" and the \"method of tenacity\" in favor of the scientific method in an article in Popular Science Monthly. For 10 points name this author of \"The Fixation of Belief\" and \"How to Make Our Ideas Clear\", one of the founders of Pragmatism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-040054b16ea248438624c921982eb225",
            "input": "The widest point in this body is between the villages of Onguryon and Ust-Barguzin. A settlement at Bolshiye Koty is located on its shores, and it is located in the federal subject of Irkutsk Olbast. It is fed by over 300 rivers, including the Uda, Barguzin, and Selenga, and contains 22 islands including Olkhon, the largest. Its only outlet is the Angara River, which drains into the Yenisei, and this body's namesake mountains are the source of the Lena River. FTP, name this body that contains nearly 20% of earth's liquid freshwater, the deepest freshwater lake on Earth, located in Siberia.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-177e77b5063b43c99330f8166050ea83",
            "input": "Centroaciner cells in this body occupy the lumen of its acinus, and some people have a secondary passage that connects this body to a nearby organ known as the Duct of Santorini. This body is generally described as having four regions: the head, neck, body, and tail. Its main duct is alternately called Duct of Wirsung, and that duct empties into the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater. This organ is divided into dark exocrine tissue and light endocrine tissue that contains the islets of Langerhans. FTP, name this organ that controls insulin production.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b6b472d4c48944f293a4ad19fb68d819",
            "input": "\"Everyone will tell you I am not a musician. That is correct. \"  These are the words of a turn-of-the-century composer whose eccentricities ranged from wearing 12 identical gray velvet suits to letting no one into his apartment for 27 years. Many of the titles of this man's works are equally odd, including Desiccated Embryos, Truly Flabby Prludes for a Dog, and Three Pieces in the Form of a Pear. The 1917 premiere of his ballet Parade caused a theater riot. For ten points, name this \"non-musician\" whose protgs included \"The Six\" of French music, and whose most famous composition is Trois Gymnopdies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b530b88585e14b549f669511d5214a75",
            "input": "This man's government withdrew recognition from a government that would be defeated at the Second Battle of Rivas by Costa Ricans and mercenaries supported by Cornelius Vanderbilt. Deliberations held in Belgium would prove embarrassing to him, and this man's Secretary of War would go on to serve in a higher office for another country. One piece of legislation that he signed was designed to open up land for a continental railroad, but the aftermath of the signing saw Preston Brooks' caning of Charles Sumner as well as the Pottawatomie Massacre. Who is this man, who appointed Jefferson Davis to his cabinet, and, for 10 points, presided over the drafting of a document stating plans to annex Cuba, the Ostend Manifesto, signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act and lost the 1856 Democratic nomination to James Buchanan",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96aa98dc8d0b4bfa87cd77b0d33861aa",
            "input": "This ruler had military success in taking Dorpat, and inaugurated an eastward expansion after conquering Astrakhan. He celebrated another victory by having Barma construct a religious structure also known as the Cathedral of Intercession of the Virgin on the Moat. However, he gave up Narva in the Treaty of Plussa with Sweden, and in the Treaty of Jam Zapolski, renounced claims to Livonia. The Oprichniks were members of his private army, which he used to terrorize the boyars, and the first Zemsky Sobor was called by him. His son Feodor was succeeded by Boris Godunov, who likely killed his youngest son Dmitri. FTP, name first Russian to take the title of tsar, who was nicknamed for his fearsome acts.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4089e23e928f4d9297340c5dd9d0e3ff",
            "input": "Named for the day on which it occurred, this event was justified through religious tensions in France in August of 1572, and caused further years of strife. However, there was tremendous political intrigue involved in the events leading up to it. A failed assassination attempt, caused Catherine de Medicis to order the slaying of Huguenot leadership in fear that they were pressuring Charles IX to fight a war against the Spanish in the low countries. For 10 points, what was this event spurred by the murder of Admiral Coligny on August 24th",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a1bec6240cb4c10bf1bfc172e47413e",
            "input": "In 2011 this country and a country it almost entirely surrounds agreed to an exchange of border enclaves. Cuisine from this country includes the \"tandoori\" style of cooking and the use of curry. The Arabian Sea is to this country's west; to its east lies the Bay of Bengal. For 10 points, name this country that nearly surrounds Bangladesh and disputes the Kashmir and Punjab regions with Pakistan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f77a787f0af4fc0bbea26f4e087e1a1",
            "input": "Alfred Gilman injected these animals with salt and urea to study the causes of thirst. One of these creatures named Rico has been used as evidence for the fast mapping method of language acquisition. The Scott-Fuller investigation was a 20 year study of the behavior of these animals. In one experiment, these animals were placed in a shuttle box with a barrier on one side of which electric shocks would be administered. In that experiment by Seligman, the members of this species already conditioned to the shocks showed signs of learned helplessness. In another experiment, these animals had their esophagi cut and food placed directly into their stomachs. For 10 points, name these animals that were conditioned to salivate when Pavlov rang a bell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-836b610778a243be81beb0814eb077c6",
            "input": "Landmarks in this city include the Gherkin and the Tower Bridge. A major island in this city's limits is the Isle of the Dogs, which is near its business district at Canary Wharf. This city instituted a high profile \"congestion charge\" in 2007. It often places installation art on the \"fourth plinth\" of its Trafalgar Square. This city's other attractions include a giant Ferris wheel called \"the Eye\" and a clock tower referred to as Big Ben. For 10 points, name this capital of England.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c7c2d0d543064d65a94067d21ba26a9e",
            "input": "This phenomenon is the subject of a dispositional \"higher-order theory\" by philosopher Peter Carruthers. Owen Flanagan called people who deny any possible account of this thing \"New Mysterians.\" Adding a \"causal role\" for this thing to quantum theory was George Wigner's motive for the \"Wigner's friend\" variant of SchrAPdinger's cat. Ned Block distinguished \"A-\" and \"P-\" types of this phenomenon; understanding the \"A-\" or \"access\" type is among its \"easy problems\" according to David Chalmers. This thing \"makes the mind-body problem really intractable,\" according to Thomas Nagel's \"What is it like to be a bat\" Some thinkers claim this thing is divided into units called qualia, which philosophical zombies lack. For 10 points, name this term for awareness of one's own mind.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01158ac16c83473b968d054654ceb927",
            "input": "Footage was captured of the accident which showed the plane coming in low and striking the seawall which then caused it to flip. It was also recently confirmed that one of the deceased was killed not by the crash, but by a responding emergency vehicle. A. Asiana Airlines Flight 214 recently crashed upon landing at the airport in which major American city",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c509df081feb4480a4153a0749b4f7bf",
            "input": "This two dimensional manifold is orientable and has Euler characteristic 0. It can be expressed as the product of two circles, but like the Klein bottle is more often viewed as a square with opposite sides identified. FTP, name this surface, which is more familiar to most people as the surface of a donut.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-167431291a5c4fb1919bd54fa6cb698f",
            "input": "Michael Nyman quoted this composer in his works Chasing Sheep is Best Left to Shepherds and Memorial. This composer used four flatt trumpets, a type of slide trumpet, in a march and canzona that he wrote for a royal funeral. He included the ground-bass song \"Music for a while\" in his incidental music for a play on the Oedipus story, and he included the countertenor duet \"Sound the trumpet\" in his birthday ode \"Come, Ye Sons of Art.\" This composer also wrote the \"Monkey's Dance,\" which is followed by the Chinese Woman's aria \"Hark! Now the Echoing Air,\" in a work in which Juno sings (*) \"Thrice Happy Lovers\" and \"The Plaint,\" and the character of The Drunken Poet is added to an adaptation of A Midsummer Night's Dream. Dioclesian, King Arthur, and The Fairy-Queen are among this composer's semi-operas. For 10 points, name this English composer who included the lament \"When I am laid in earth\" in his opera Dido and Aeneas.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a8c738e767041c5b0abbeb7ef148027",
            "input": "This man designed a distorted statue of Saint Mark, meant to be viewed in a raised niche of the Orsanmichele. Vasari called this man's depiction of Mary Magdalene flawless, and the nickname Zuccone, meaning \"pumpkin,\" is given to his bald sculpture of the prophet Habakkuk. Another of his sculptures rests on a pedestal with two carvings symbolizing the gates of the underworld, and shows (*) Erasmo da Narni atop his horse. This artist is most famous for a work which was the first free-standing nude since antiquity, depicting a contrapposto man leaning on his sword with a head at his feet. For ten points, name this Florentine sculptor of Gattamelata and a bronze David.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5cc35aee0424e449671dfdce56e4334",
            "input": "Different types of this organic compound are named for Mosher, Hantzsch, Roche, and probably most famously, Hagemann. Lesser-known ways to make them are named after Yamaguchi and Steglich, particularly useful for forming the tert-butyl type of them. Acids of any chain length can be created by the very useful synthesis named for the malonic type of these compounds. Cyclic ones are known as lactones, and the simplest way of preparing them is named after Fischer and simply creates them by reacting a primary alcohol with a carboxylic acid. FTP, name this basic functional group consisting of a carbonyl group single bonded to an oxygen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76cd45fa6ee44e9d9042cb052c89123a",
            "input": "The first isogonic center of a triangle, which for an acute triangle is the interior point that minimizes the sum of the distances to the vertices, is known as his point. He proved that an odd prime can be uniquely expressed as the difference of two squares, and also that the sum of two squares cannot be equal to 3 modulo 4. The latter statement was a claim of Diophantus, which this man proved in preparing an edition of Diophantus' work. More famous are his claim that \"a to the p minus 1 is equal to 1 mod p,\" known as his \"little theorem. \"  FTP, name this French mathematician whose most famous conjecture was proven by Andrew Wiles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6686979906bc4568bd9695580800f155",
            "input": "One work by this composer features text from speeches of a certain American president. A highly patriotic work by this man was later reworked into his final symphony, his third. This composer of Lincoln Portrait wrote the score for a ballet which included sections such as \"Saturday Night Waltz\" and the \"Hoe Down.\" This composer was commissioned by Martha Graham to write a ballet set in Pennsylvania that includes variations on the Shaker hymn Simple Gifts. For 10 points, identify this composer of Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dba79a3e12504dafb23a0f2ddfaf6642",
            "input": "The protagonist of this poem sees \"pale Kings, and Princes too, / Pale warriors, death-pale were they all\" in \"the latest dream\" he ever dreamt. \"  He is in anguish despite the \"squirrel's granary\" being full and the harvest being done. This stems from his being \"On the cold hill's side\" after being seduced and held in the title character's thrall. FTP, name this 1819 poem that begins \"O what can ail thee, Knight at arms,\" a poem about a cruel lady by John Keats.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf2559d56e6944dc90299aa63cfa6b12",
            "input": "After Spitamenes was killed, this man gained control of Sogdiana and married the Sogdian princess Roxane. He ordered the execution of Parmenio and Parmenio's son Philotas after the latter was accused of plotting to kill him. The satrap Bessus killed this man's enemy after this man's victory at the Battle of (*) Gaugamela. Seleucus I Nicator received the largest portion of this man's empire, which was split among the Diadochi following his death. This man, who repeatedly defeated Darius III, cut the Gordian knot with his sword and rode the horse Bucephalus. For ten points, name this son of Phillip II who conquered the Persian Empire as a Macedonian general.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a69e88a1891f4761b9ebdd9b0c5123f3",
            "input": "In one version of this phenomenon, its namesake conductivity takes on values equal to the elementary charge squared over Planck's constant, a quantity which is multiplied by either a fractional or integral value. Another version of this phenomenon can be used to measure the charge carrier density, since it arises as a consequence of the Lorentz force law applied to those particles. Its namesake quantity is proportional to the product of current and (*) magnetic field, divided by the thickness of the plate and charge carrier density. For 10 points, name this effect in which a magnetic field perpendicular to a current induces a voltage difference perpendicular to both.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10f81b91c30e4b698b7d9840f71d862e",
            "input": "Non-equilibrium versions of this phenomenon are governed by the Onsager relations. This phenomenons namesake coefficient is related to its namesake constant by an Arrhenius equation; its namesake length is given by twice the square root of that coefficient times the timescale. Classically, this behavior is governed by Ficks law, which states that the current is proportional to minus the concentration gradient or, in other words, that substances move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration. For 10 points, name this physical behavior, a type of motion that occurs in systems of randomly moving particles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d777a46230a4820bcccdc2a9c5a7a5a",
            "input": "The third, fourth, and fifth sections all share the dedication \"Delivered before the fellowship of the dead. \"  The first section, \"musical interludes,\" is actually labeled Diapsalmata, the next section on the \"Musical-Erotic\" examines Don Giovanni, and the entire work is edited by Victor Eremita. The first part concludes with a section told from the viewpoint of Johannes, \"The Seducer's Diary. \"  The second part moves on to an examination of the ethical. FTP, name this work whose title refers to the choice between the human esthetic and ethical on one hand and the religious sphere of existence on the other, a work by Soren Kierkegaard.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a197f4dfda8544ef9f8805e864397826",
            "input": "This war commenced after an ultimatum demanding the revision of the Straits Convention, free access of the Danube River, relinquishing responsibility of Orthodox Christians, and surrendering protectorate over the Danubian Principalities. Hostilities spilled over to the Pacific Theatre when the Allies attacked but were repulsed at Petropavlovsk, as well as Archangelsk. While (*) Baltic operations such as the bombardment of Bomarsund lead to stalemate, its main battles of Inkerman and Balaclava near the besieged city of Sevastapol took place on the war's namesake peninsula. FTP  Name this conflict which pitted France, Britain, and the Ottoman Empire against Russia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0a4dcb8e838480992cd23af28bf508a",
            "input": "This author wrote of a character known as superbrain who participates in a title event after meeting Ambrosio at a dog pound. In another of his works, Fushia travels to a leper colony, Chapiro loses a game Russian Roulette to Lituma, and the harpist Don Anselmo runs the title bordello at the edge of the rainforest. This author of Conversation in the Cathedral and The Green House wrote about a series of cadets at The Leoncio Prado Military Academy in one work, and in another of his novels, Pedro Camacho writes radio soap operas and Mario falls in love with the older title character. For 10 points, name this Peruvian novelist of The Time of the Hero and Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8062cbaa3924a55a3f1c6d3c1ba4e33",
            "input": "A Peter Taylor short story about the Dorset couple shares its title with this painting. One figure represented by a bald old man whose arm extends through most the top of this painting. An old woman pulling at her hair in the background of this painting is said to represent either Jealousy, or the effects of syphilis. Two discarded masks, in the right foreground, mirror the mask-like face of Oblivion in the background, who is trying to wrest a curtain from one of the title figures. In front of the curtain, a girl with a honeycomb and a snake's body peeks out from behind a putto throwing flower petals. One of the central nude figures appears to be slipping her tongue into her son's mouth as he gropes her breast. For 10 points, name this ambiguous allegorical painting by Bronzino.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef692a697e2c47388b366bcaabfc359b",
            "input": "composer's discovery of a box of musical compositions he'd written in his youth spawned The Wand of Youth and Nursery Suites. Anthony Payne completed his unfinished third symphony, despite this composer's dying wish that no one \"tinker\" with it. His first symphony is the most commonly performed one, in A-flat major, and this composer intended his Introduction and Allegro as a pure display of virtuosity. He used musical (*) cryptograms in a piece dedicated to \"my friends pictured within. \" The first march of another of his works provides the music for the song \"Land of Hope and Glory. \" For 10 points, name this English composer of The Enigma Variations and The Pomp and Circumstance Marches.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-250737ec872349019b592a914f5085d6",
            "input": "P-glycoprotein upregulates these complexes to facilitate the proliferation of dendritic cells, and one of their protein constituents has been found to associate with and regulate multiple growth- and transcription-related proteins, such as PTEN and c-Jun. One protein that makes up these complexes also catalyzes telomere addition to the ends of chromosomes and is called TEP1. They can be mobilized along microtubules to associate with the nuclear envelope, giving credence to the theory that they may be involved in intracellular transport processes. Ninety-six copies of their major protein constituent self-assemble into a barrel-like structure, although these organelles can also open into an octahedral flower-like configuration. These organelles' internal RNA molecules bind argonaute proteins and may mediate drug resistance in cancer cells. For 10 points, name these highly conserved cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein organelles of 39-fold symmetry and uncertain function.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-27b6e0f61a2f4714a43dad32bfee844a",
            "input": "The austausch coefficient gives the proportionality between the rate of transport of a component in this process and that component's gradient's rate of transport. Its Lagrangian form involves solving the biharmonic equation, and Kolmogorov proposed that during this process, the velocity difference between two points scales as the distance between them to the one-third power. This term characterizes the behaviour in an area known as the \"corner region. \" A \"wake\" form of it, also known as jetwash, is responsible for wingtip vortices, and the Froude number helps determine its onset in open channels. Typically ocurring at Reynolds numbers of over 4000, for ten points, identify this chaotic flow regime, the opposite of laminar flow.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db102914746a4d6a9d71ac061a062de2",
            "input": "In one work by this man, he rejects definitions of beauty as that which is appropriate, useful, or gives joy to hearing and sight. Another work by this author of Greater Hippias mentions a Sophist who claims \"man is the measure of all things.\" Besides(*) Protagoras, he transcribed several speeches on love in the Symposium. Justice and the immortality of the soul are the subject of Crito and The Apology, which depict Socrates's trial and execution. For 10 points, name this philosopher who argues for his abstract forms and introduces his \"cave\" in The Republic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a49663316fa4caebf897cf4d8193e81",
            "input": "This quantity's eigenfunctions are complex exponentials with a constant factor of one divided by quantity \"2 pi times h-bar\" all raised to the three-halves power. In Planck units, this quantity is given by the square root of h-bar times speed of light cubed divided by the universal gravitational constant. The time derivative of its expected value appears on one side of Ehrenfest's theorem. This quantity is squared in the quantum operator for kinetic energy; its own operator is equal to h-bar divided by i times the gradient. For massless particles, special relativity gives this quantity as energy divided by the speed of light. If position is precisely known, this quantity cannot be according to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. For 10 points, name this conserved quantity equal to mass times velocity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7440ddebe98e4460abe6dd4f4fe1c739",
            "input": "One interpretation of this piece clarifies its seemingly illogical structure in terms of the opposite traits of its movements. The shortest movement of this work is in 6/8 and features sections in both simple and compound time. The sixth section of this suite evokes a series of magic tricks, culminating in the magician's departure in a fireball. The final movement features a (*) women's choir and maintains a low dynamic for its entirety, eventually fading out into silence. This movement contrasts with the first, which features an ostinato in 5/4. Colin Matthews composed a final movement for this suite in 2000, seventy years after the discovery of Pluto first made an extra section a possibility. For 10 points, name this Holst suite written about a collection of astronomical bodies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e5245b2d2e4493baee2f8a2c7a24f2a",
            "input": "He depicted a wolf, a lion, and a dog underneath the faces of three men in his Allegory of Prudence. In one of his paintings, St. Peter is the only apostle to fold his arms while cherubim surround Mary, who stands on a cloud. That depiction of The Assumption of the Virgin lies in the Santa Maria Glorioisa dei Frari along with his (*) Pesaro Madonna. His portraits include one of Paul III and his nephews, as well as a victory portrait of Charles V. In another work, he painted a dog lying on white sheets in front of the title figure, who holds flowers in her right hand while her left hand rests on her thigh. For 10 points, name this Venetian painter ofVenus of Urbino.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9453e38027b64ff5abe5936db4805a95",
            "input": "In humans, it increases in weight in the first two years of life, and from then until puberty grows slowly to a weight of about 1.5 ounces. After puberty, it shrinks gradually and its lymphatic tissue is replaced by fat, though it also contains a few small areas of epithelial tissue known as Hassall's corpuscles. FTP, name this gland, which is located just beneath the upper portion of the sternum in almost all vertebrates, in which T cells mature and from which those cells derive their name.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a08e9f5d8b1d4b18b23f91c230226e72",
            "input": "This king controversially supported the author of A New Gag for an Old Goose, Richard Montagu. He made embarrassing concessions to the Scots in the Treaty of Ripon. This ruler appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury the unpopular William Laud. In order to raise money after the Bishops' Wars, this man was forced to assemble a parliament under the control of opponent John Pym. A key loss for this king's supporters in the north was at Marston Moor. This king's fate was sealed when Pride's Purge resulted in the Rump Parliament, which pushed for his execution. For 10 points, name this king executed in 1649 at the end of the English Civil War, resulting in the formation of the English Commonwealth.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a09d9d98a551439e991b57b77c23a349",
            "input": "The premiere of this piece in a theater prompted a critical letter from \"Philalethes\" to be published in the  Universal Spectator. This piece's first section is a grave sinfonia that repeats a dotted quarter - eighth motif; that section is followed by two recitatives for tenor. This piece is separated into three parts, the second of which concludes with a section that repeats, \"for ever and ever.\" The instrumental (*) Pifa section begins the fourth of twelve \"scenes\" in this work. The text of this work, which includes \"Ev'ry valley shall be exalted,\" was collected by Charles Jennens from the Book of Common Prayer and the King James Bible. For 10 points, name this oratorio by Handel, which includes the \"Hallelujah\" chorus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76c40cb53b274768bc773ed16eed58b6",
            "input": "This poet called England: \"Queen of the restless fields of tideBefore whose feet the worlds divide\". One poem by him describes the speaker's soul as a \"twice-written scroll / Scrawled over on some boyish holiday\" and \"a stringed lute on which all winds can play\". One of his poems describes a place where \"all, but Lust, is turned to dust / in Humanity's machine\" and \"every stone one lifts by day / Becomes one's heart by night\". Most of his poems were included in the 1881 collection, Poems, which launched his career. One poem by him tells of a refusal to let a red or white rose grow on a grave to tell \"That (*) God's Son died for all\". The sky is called a \"little tent of blue\" in that poem by him, which describes a figure who wears a cricket cap and whose \"step seemed light and gay\". That poem by him mentions an action that some do \"with a bitter look\" and that cowards do \"with a kiss\". For 10 points, name this Irish poet who declared that \"Each man kills the thing he loves\" in The Ballad of Reading Gaol.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-abd2891b293d4a459d821d554c99cc39",
            "input": "In Chapter 3 of this book, the author asks whether it would be right to swing a baseball bat at a cow, and concludes that utilitarianism cannot deny animals equal consideration. The final part of this work distinguishes between design devices and filter devices, and decides the latter is the best way to construct the last of title concepts. In one thought experiment, its author suggests that modern democracy would be the result of a hypothetical situation in which people could buy and sell shares in each other, called demoktesis, while another thought experiment asks whether it would be desirable to be hooked up to the experience machine. It clarifies its author's theory of distributive justice using the example of Wilt Chamberlain, and it argues in favor of the minimal state. For 10 points, name this critique of John Rawls and defense of libertarianism, a work of Robert Nozick.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab8e1f388e844d7aa1f7662f77391b98",
            "input": "Julius Pollux recorded that this hero's dog ate some snails, thus discovering a purple dye. This hero killed Syleus, who forced passersby to hoe his vineyard. This man killed Theiodamas in a dispute over a bull, and adopted a son as a companion who was later abducted by nymphs while fetching water. After Eurytus reneged on a promise to give a daughter to the winner of an archery contest, this man killed him and abducted Iole. This companion of Hylas killed Iphitus, for which he was punished by having to wear women's clothing and serve Omphale. This hero was killed by a shirt soaked in the blood of the centaur Nessus, which was given to him by his jealous wife Deianira. For 10 points, name this Greek hero who retrieved the cattle of Geryon while performing his twelve labors.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90b6c4f9e5b04d96b27f13cd2619f839",
            "input": "As part of an effort to destroy the demon Taraka, he caught one god's semen in his mouth. The gods Trita and Surya are said to be aspects of this god, who has seven tongues that are used to eat ghee, and seven arms. His rival and twin brother in some traditions is Indra, who was born with this deity from the breath of the creator Prajapati. He is sometimes depicted on a chariot drawn by parrots, but when depicted as riding on a ram, he is usually shown carrying a fan, an ax, a torch, and a ladle. He serves as the messenger god as well as the god of sacrifices, saved Hanuman from Ravana in the Ramayama, and is forever young because he is reborn every time sticks are rubbed together. For 10 points, name this Hindu god of fire.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-866f452d18444359af75edd9904d7dc8",
            "input": "It is symbolized in Hindu temple dances by Shiva raising his right leg. Svetambara and Digambara Jains disagree as to whether this is available to women. Surat Shabda Yoga claims that the Jivan form results from self-realization. It makes up one of the four artha in Hinduism along with dharma and kama. The Baha'u'llah claims that jnana and bhakti or wisdom and devotion are the best path to its achievement. In Jainism, it is preceded by kevala and the same as nirvana, and its attainment requires the annihilation of all karma. With sufficient enlightenment, a soul can escape samsara and, FTP, achieve what release from the cycle of suffering",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-828359b01c8948ff9b657037ecfe4283",
            "input": "This composer borrowed a theme from his \"Homage March\" scored for four cellos in the Andante second movement of his Cello Sonata in A Minor. He worked his own name into the opening motif of a piano sonata in E minor, the only one he composed. His shorter piano pieces include ones given programmatic titles like \"She Dances,\" \"Gratitude,\" and \"Homesickness.\" This composer wrote a five-movement work \"in the olden style\" concluding with a rigaudon. \"The Abduction of the Bride\" and \"Arabian Dance\" open the second four-movement suite he derived from music he wrote for an 1867 satirical verse drama. For 10 points, name this composer of the Holberg Suite who included \"Morning Mood\" and \"In the Hall of the Mountain King\" in his incidental music for Peer Gynt.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1e58b5fef7b248829f28261eadc87a80",
            "input": "Evidence against one hypothesis of this feature's formation stems from Abrajano's discovery of sapropel mud in a nearby body of water. Once the region around this body was colonized by the Milesians, Greek tradition referred to it as \"Hospitable. \" One seaport on this body is near the estuary that it forms with the Dniester River. It connects to the Sea of Azov through the Strait of Kerch, while the Bosporus connects it to Marmara and through Marmara to the Aegean Sea. Notable cities on this body of water include Yalta, Odessa, and Sevastopol. For 10 points, identify this sea bordeed by the Ukraine and Russia to the north and Turkey to the south.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99a353aa920640e795ff6d69e8e85927",
            "input": "Better alignment of data in the cache is an advantage of the unrolled type of this structure, and they are used in the bottom layer of an extension of them that was invented by William Pugh. Their end can include sentinel objects which act as dummy links, and programming languages such as Scheme and LISP have these data structures built-in. Developed in the 1950s by Newell, Shaw, and Simon, these structures include an XOR variety that can prevent the need for more space when using the doubly type. For 10 points, name this linear data structure that uses pointers to connect nodes together.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-272e620094b34d23ae92e2643bb38b9b",
            "input": "This architect incorporated a series of gallery pods into his design for the campus of the Ohr-O'Keefe Museum of Art, which was overhauled after it was damaged by Hurricane Katrina. In 1992, this architect released a series of bentwood furniture, each piece of which was named after a different term from hockey. This man was sued following the buildup of moisture and water leakage in his Stata Center at MIT. He designed a work that used large criss-crossing pipes covered in speakers as a trellis. That work was classified as a work of art to prevent its removal from Grant Park. Jeff Koons' Puppy sits outside of a building created by this man, which is noted for its use of titanium sheets designed to resemble fish scales. For 10 points, name this architect responsible for designing the Pritzker Pavilion and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54318b28324248f8a79b933d97660cd0",
            "input": "One of this author's works deals with Jessie Stilwell's harboring of Ann Davis and her lover, the painter Gideon Shibalo. A Soldier's Embrace contains stories like \"Oral History,\" about the suicide of a village chief during a war in Zimbabwe. Jacques Demy's film The Umbrellas of Cherbourg influenced her recent work The Pickup, and her other novels include The Late Bourgeois World, The Lying Days, A Sport of Nature, and the aforementioned Occasion for Loving. FTP, name this author of July's People, Burger's Daughter, and The Conservationist, a South African Nobel winner.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5ed5368e13546a08e429193ca46f7d0",
            "input": "While this man began his career as a Regionalist, he soon moved entirely into abstract art. Married to fellow artist Lee Krasner, he was an alcoholic who died in a car crash. He placed his canvases on walls or on the floor rather than an easel and works of his include Blue, The She-Wolf, and Lavender Mist. He pioneered action painting in 1947. FTP name this artist known as Jack the Dripper.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c669b2c487aa41ffb30236b0cf1a5d38",
            "input": "This general moved the Cherokees along the Trail of Tears to New Echota (eh-CHO-tuh). In the Niagara front of the War of 1812, he was captured at Queenstown Heights and won at Lundy's Lane in 1814, two years after his release. He notched subsequent victories at Cerro Gordo (SAIR-oh GOR-doh), Churubusco (chur-oo-BOOS-koo), and (*) Chapultepec (chuh-PUHL-tuh-pek) after landing at Veracruz (vair-uh-KROOZ) to capture Mexico City during the Mexican-American War. After losing the 1853 Presidential election to Franklin Pierce on the Whig ticket, he devised the Anaconda Plan to win the Civil War as the General-in-Chief in 1861. For 10 points, name this general nicknamed \"Old Fuss and Feathers.\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37d0071318e24954b045c0763e012e74",
            "input": "Grossman and Steele studied ameboid inclusions of this mineral in the Allende meteorite. Pallasite meteorites contain crystals of this mineral, which when exposed to aqueous silica transforms into serpentinite. On the surface, the Goldich dissolution series predicts that this mineral weathers to iddingsite, and elongated crystals of this material create fabrics in the \"lattice-preferred orientation\", creating a large source of seismic anisotropy in one layer. At a depth of around 410 kilometers, this mineral undergoes a phase transition to the polymorph (*) wadsleyite. The solid solution series for this mineral varies from the magnesium-rich forsterite to the iron-rich fayalite. This mineral is the predominant component of the upper mantle. This mineral, which consists of isolated silicate tetrahedral, often occurs in ultramafic rocks and is present immediately above pyroxene in the discontinuous branch of Bowen's reaction series. For 10 points, name this mineral whose gem-quality version is called peridot and is named for its green color.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93e4dc2cb550450d9eea50591018034a",
            "input": "Before the second conflict of this name was fought, the aggressor unsuccessfully offered to repeal Ship Money in exchange for support. An army consisting mainly of \"trained bands\" of soldiers retreated in the face of Covenanting forces in the first conflict of this name, while the second one saw an invading army march pass defenses on the River Tweed and win a famous victory thanks to General Leslie at another battle. The first one was ended by the Pacification of Berwick which contained an agreement that the Episcopacy would be abolished, and a later peace settlement was reached by the Treaty of Ripon. One of the most famous battles fought during these conflicts was the Battle of Newburn. Because they would not give the monarch the funds he desired to fight the second one, the Short Parliament was dissolved, but a lack of military success resulted in the calling of the Long Parliament. FTP, name these conflicts that Charles I of England fought against the Scots, named for an office in the church.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea069c02c90f4354a0d2a882fc665911",
            "input": "One work by this philosopher uses the metaphor of a man in a boat to illustrate the futility of trusting Schopenhauer's principium individuationis to reduce suffering. That work's second edition contained a preface in which this man declared it an \"impossible book\" and regretted \"ruining the problem of the Greeks\" with modern aesthetic examples. Another book by this author of \"An Attempt at Self-Criticism\" claims that widespread literacy has caused writing to be diluted for the masses. That book describes an evolution from (*) camel to lion to child in the section \"The Three Metamorphoses of Man\". This man's first book contrasted the Apollonian and Dionysian aesthetics, while another of his books contains the metaphor of a tightrope walker to illustrate man's evolution towards the ubermensch. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who wrote The Birth of Tragedy and Also Sprach Zarathustra.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b2ef091b887421bb2c0816d90ba21c6",
            "input": "Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions uses the question of when this element can be said to have been \"discovered\" to illustrate the concept of the accumulation of anomalies. One person who discovered this element, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, presumed that it could leech phlogiston out of a substance. Its name is Greek for \"\"acid-former,\"\" and was given by Antoine Lavoisier. It was called \"dephlogisticated air\" by its third discoverer, Joseph Priestley. For 10 points, identify this element whose reactions with other substances were discovered to be the source of combustion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1554c7c6c8254998aafc554b1c287a6c",
            "input": "One of its rulers left behind the Bilsad inscription, and it resulted from the marriage of a princess of Lichchhavi to a son of Ghatotkacha. The Chinese traveler Faxian wrote of his visit to this polity, noting that its people did not eat onions and lacked capital punishment. That ruler despoiled the Shaka dynasty after defeating Rudrasimha III. Under Kumara I, it had to fend off the invasion of the Pushyamitras, and it would eventually fall to the White Huns, but not before developing trade relations with the contemporaneous Sassanid dynasty. For ten points, name this Indian empire founded by Chandra.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2512c23b6cc42fe8849394d1bf3573e",
            "input": "man had a series of debates with Rudolf Bultmann about the role of mythology in Christianity. He defined certainty, incorrigibility, and impossibility of content as the three necessary components of a delusion in a work which brought phenomenological sensibilities to psychiatry and helped establish the Heidelberg School, his General Psychopathology. His work labeling \"Socrates, Buddha, Confucius, Jesus\" as the paradigmatic philosophers was published posthumously by his student Hannah Arendt. He contrasted Heidegger's concept of Dasein with Existenz as the two states of being, and saw his philosophy as a merger of the best parts of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. He wrote that although perpetrators of war crimes bore the brunt of the blame, all who stood idly by bore some responsibility for Nazi actions in The Question of German Guilt. In his book The Origin and Goal of History, he credited nascent religious ideas with the rise of civilizations between 800 and 200 BC. For 10 points, name this German existentialist and formulator of the Axial Age.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53d6847710ca4b1780ab39fae438d80f",
            "input": "An early use of VP(R) structure can be found in the second motive in perhaps the most famous section in this composition, which there exists an F-sharp to B leap followed by a mildly surprising reversal to the half-note A. The melody of one section, which features a glass armonica, is played by the flute, backed by the strings, on top of glissando-like runs in the piano. The first piano plays a descending ten-on-one ostinato, while the second plays a six-on-one. Another section in this piece marked Allegro Pomposo utilizes a quotation from the Incidental Music of Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream, while a double-bass plays a theme from \"Dance of the Slyphs. \" Yet another one instructs performers to \"imitate the gaucheries of a novice,\" and thus suggests the fumbling tyro of scales by slowing down during tricky parts and speeding up at the end. The next movement borrows heavily from various sources including one of the composer's own works, Rossini's The Barber of Seville, and \"Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star. \" Forbidding this piece's performance during his lifetime, and including movements called \"the Pianists,\" \"Fossils\" and \"The Swan,\" for 10 points, name this \"grand zoological fantasy\" composed by Camille Saint-Saens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07b85b1d47da490c9ba10fd7dddf2555",
            "input": "Gregory B. Ulmer wrote on one of this man's concepts Applied, and this man is paired with Jurgen Habermas in the subtitle of a work about 9/11 by Giovanna Borradori, Philosophy in a Time of Terror. This man's minor works include The Rhetoric of Drugs and Politics of Friendship. One of this man's works takes the form of a series of discourses on a picture of Socrates and Plato, while another work has two columns, one presenting an analysis of Genet and the other presenting an analysis of Hegel. These two works, The Post-Card and Glas were written after his most famous work, which was translated by Gayarti Chakravorty Spivak and contains the section \"Writing before the letter\". For 10 points name this philosopher who coined the term \"deconstruction\" and who penned Of Grammatology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a70200fd1cf4ca5a36e47c2fafa1d2b",
            "input": "He implicitly criticized the beach paintings of William Collins in his depiction of a choppy sea in Chain Pier, Brighton. He paid tribute to Bishop Fisher by depicting his living, Langham Church, in his Glebe Farm. He was inspired by Claude, whose work he saw through his patron Sir George Beaumont, in works like Dedham Vale, Evening. With his largescale 1819 painting of a White Horse, his reputation was established, though he had to suppress his Whitehall Stairs to consolidate his reputation as a landscape painter. He painted in Dorset, Hampstead, and Salisbury, but is best known for a series depicting the Stour valley. FTP, name this British artist, best known for The Hay Wain.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1d46198fe9142d2be613a0fcf6f5953",
            "input": "This city is located near Sugarloaf Mountain and its attractions include the Roman style aqueduct Arcos da Lapa and the Tijuca rainforest. Residents of this city are often called Cariocas, and it houses the Estadio do Maracana, the largest arena on its continent. Beaches near this city include Ipanema and Copaccabana. The Christ the Redeemer statue can be found in this city, which was the capital of its country until the creation of the planned city of Brasilia. For 20 points, name this tourist hotspot.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cc846c92d984e00a8f05e052220a863",
            "input": "man lost power after attempting to annex the region of Kagera, but escaped death with the help of Libya's Muammar al-Gaddafi. He gained power by executing a coup while his predecessor was in a Singapore meeting of the Commonwealth of Nations. This man expelled all the Asians in the country he ruled, crippling the economy. He both succeeded and was basically succeeded by (*) Milton Obote. He lost power after invading Tanzania led by Julius Nyerere. Along with saying that Hitler was \"right to burn six million Jews,\" this man allowed a Palestinian liberation group to hijack an Air France airplane. Israel responded with Operation Thunderbolt, which saw most hostages return safely from Entebbe Airport. For 10 points, name this dictator of Uganda who may have been a cannibal.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-419a351ddf8142d0b609d4d0d605e580",
            "input": "It manifests when the two partial 3d bands of opposite spin are shifted by exchange interactions, but only when the band width is comparable to the displacement. It is favored when the ratio of half the nuclear separation to the 3d radius is greater than 1.5, though Heusler alloys with manganese also exhibit this as an exception to the rule. Found when the difference in energy between magnetized and unmagnetized states is near a 10th of an electron volt, it is characterized by domain structure and irreversibility upon magnetic field application known as the hysteresis effect. FTP name this condition below the Curie point, the basis for permanent magnets like iron.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9eef1d0568db4d6d90fa0d26e45556fb",
            "input": "The Chikyu Hakken is a current mission to drill three times deeper into this region than ever before, and the lowermost part was named the D double prime region by Keith Bullen. The uppermost part consists of periodite and eclogite, though the mix of magnesium, silicon, oxygen, and other elements suggests its composition is like garnet. Hot spots are thought to be caused by the protrusion of hot rock here, known as plumes. For 10 points, name this region in the Earth, divided into upper and lower parts and located below the crust and above the core.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62bc01acc95440e09c167c07d4bd09aa",
            "input": "The author of this work claims that Jews interpreted their misfortune as the consequence of their own sinfulness and created a set of overly strict commandments in reaction to their fate. The author disputes the idea that new technology automatically improves quality of life and critiques communism based on the inability to reform human nature in order to eliminate all motivation for the exploitation associated with capitalism. Major themes include the restraint of instinctual aggression, the concept of a \"death drive,\" and the threats posed by conscience and guilt. It ends by questioning which force will prevail, \"eternal Eros\" or his potent adversary. FTP, name this essay by Sigmund Freud about the titular misery-causing society and the people who hate it.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88f095b3c701437eaffbf0eb55a41923",
            "input": "One work by this man describes a protagonist who was born on \"neck of land\" and who argues against a theory that a certain place name is a corruption of the word \"Dibbleston,\" and that protagonist travels with Uncle Ro. This author of a work about Miles Wallingford penned a novel about Vulcan's Peak called The Crater and created a family including Cornelius, Hugh, and Mordaunt. A series containing The Redskins, The Chainbearer, and Satanstoe was his trilogy about the Anti-Rent Wars, the Littlepage Manuscripts. Alice Dunscombe is once again abandoned at the end of his story of the mysterious Mr. Gray, who is likely a disguised John Paul Jones. A sequence written by this man in which several bullets are shot through a painted nail without ever being examined is analyzed in a work that claims one of his novels \"accomplishes nothing and arrives in air. \" For 10 points, name this creator of such characters as Uncas, whose \"literary offenses\" were described by Mark Twain and who included The Pathfinder, The Deerslayer, and The Last of the Mohicans in his Leatherstocking Tales. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a3002ba99d54b9abd85022723453554",
            "input": "The magnetic moment of a charged particle is equal to this quantity times the g-factor times charge divided by two times the mass. Delta baryons have a value of 1.5 for this quantity, and, like other particles with half-integer values of this quantity, obey Fermi-Dirac statistics, whereas those with integer values obey (*) Bose-Einstein statistics. The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that pairs of electrons in the same orbital sub-shell must have opposite values of this quantity. For ten points, identify this quantum number, the angular momentum of a sub-atomic particle.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e02dfd6b1f149e4939ec740b90cdf4a",
            "input": "hippogriff is depicted in Roger Freeing Angelica, a work by which French Neoclassical painter of Madame Riviere and La Grande Odalisque",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb63d53b3a544ee6b2250e5b6f3e2c0e",
            "input": "For simpler cases, it has an outside term expressed as the product of the transmission coefficient, Boltzmann's constant, the reciprocal of Planck's constant, and temperature, although it is often expressed with a delta-G-plus-plus. Statistical mechanics is necessary to determine the orientation of collisions that allows calculation of its frequency factor, which is usually based on its steric factor z. Taking the logarithm of both sides is also useful, as it illustrates a linear dependence between the natural log of k and the reciprocal of T. FTP, name this equation relating activation energy and thus rate constant to temperature, named for a Swedish chemist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b85aaf7e425b47e28148ea08c69f8dfc",
            "input": "A theorem named for him states that for a polynomial of degree n with integral coefficients, there exists a maximum of n solutions to f of x equals 0 modulo p. In addition, this man proved that every positive integer can be represented as a sum of four squares. A theorem named for him states that the order of a subgroup must divide the order of the group, and he is also the namesake of a method of finding the optima of a function by introducing the parameter lambda. The namesake of an error function associated with Taylor series, for 10 points, identify this Frenchie, who also found a set of points where a tiny body remains stationary relative to two larger bodies.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-606c273b5aa044fa865aeb21f597548a",
            "input": "1980 film is entitled [This Author] in Manhattan and details the attempts of rival stage companies to put on this author's dramatic adaptation of Sir Charles Grandison. This author's name was appended to a 1998 comedy film also known as Mafia! A 2004 work by Karen Joy Fowler features Bernadette and Prudie, members of a book club for this author, who had an affair with Tom Lefroy in a movie starring Anne Hathaway. FTP, name this author of Emma.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a28a27f6e954be9912ef6e0326dbb4b",
            "input": "This state's Toleration Act was a precursor of the First Amendment. This state was the home of John Hanson, who was President of the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1782. The Supreme Court case Ex parte Merryman arose from an incident in which Lincoln brought troops through this state. This state was the site of a battle during the War of 1812 at Fort McHenry. This state's capital is home to the United States Naval Academy. For 10 points, name this state which was founded by George Calvert, Lord Baltimore.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d030c95a1ad47b89c26fb3c830510f1",
            "input": "A traditional greeting said on this holiday is L'shanah tovah tikatev v'taihatem. One of the festivities associated with this holiday consists of teruah and tekiah and is not observed if it falls on Shabbat, and tashlikh may also be observed by crossing a river or other flowing water. One ritual associated with this observance is described in Numbers 29:1, and involves blowing a shofar, or rams horn. Another ritual involved in this holiday is marked with 10 days of introspection, which may have led to this holidays nickname Day of Judgement. For ten points, identify this holiday celebrated on Tishrei 1 and 2, the traditional Jewish New Year.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3e3caf4d2d14e86ba192397102ee827",
            "input": "This economist cautioned against moving past equilibrium models in his address to the London Club, entitled \"Economics and Knowledge,\" and he followed a similar theme in his \"The Use of Knowledge in Society. \" This economist attacked another economist's work in his \"The Non Sequitur of the Dependence Effect,\" and he was attacked in return by Keynes for his work Prices and Production. He claimed \"not to be a (*) conservative\" in the post-script to one of his works, and in his best known work, this economist claimed that socialist ideals ultimately lead to the detriment of all. For ten points, identify this economist who defended laissez-faire policies in his work The Road to Serfdom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23a3307931c843b6aff5c1975823067b",
            "input": "man dropped letters addressed to fictitious groups whose names indicate preference on various issues, to test which letters were mailed most frequently. This conductor of the \"lost-letter experiment\" sent packages to 160 random people in Omaha, Nebraska, asking them to forward it to a friend or acquaintance they thought could bring it closer to the final individual, prompting his theory of \"six degrees of separation. \" For 10 points, name this Yale researcher that found that sixty percent of subjects were willing to administer a lethal electric shock in order to satisfy the demands of the researcher in his \"obedience to authority\" experiment.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e7a04653092f42aaa6c0ecb681233b2b",
            "input": "The composer of this work intended for a minor setting of its opening theme to depict pale light radiating from skulls, and its penultimate movement includes continuous 16th note triplet tremolos in its andante section as well as series of rising octaves in its allegro sections, which depict a witch's flight. Staccato grace notes represent unhatched chickens in this work's fifth movement, and its \"Promenade\" theme features alternating bars of  5/4 and 6/4 time. This work was notably orchestrated by (*) Maurice Ravel, and includes movements such as \"The Hut on Fowl's Legs\" and \"The Great Gates of Kiev.\" Viktor Hartmann's paintings inspired, for ten points, which piano suite composed by Modest Mussorgsky",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b477bee6f22e469e813332740e8c2aea",
            "input": "One image representing this deity in stelae is a boy with a sidelock, in which guise he is often shown in a position of dominance to crocodiles and hippos. In the Heliopolitan Ennead Hathor is his consort. The uniting of Upper and Lower Egypt might be symbolized by the story of his conflict with his uncle, in which this deity's semen is discovered by the gods to be in his uncle's stomach. A sky god often depicted with the sun as one eye and the moon the other, FTP name this deity usually shown with the head of a falcon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f1e8ec29a0a4811b5ebe3b54b0294fe",
            "input": "In one depiction by Luca Giordano, four old men view the titular event, as a fifth sits above them, possibly directing the action. In a version by Picasso, a man stands with his left foot atop a woman, poised to do battle against a nearby horseman. In the center of a version by Poussin, one man raises a knife to slay an old man holding his legs, as an old woman and two children lie crying to the left, while a depiction by Reubens sees the title event in the foreground and the battle it inspired in the back. FTP, name this pseudo-historical event, the aftermath of which was depicted by David with several nude Romans checked in their battle by the titular figures, who were captured to serve as wives.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e66de64ff92a48c8aeed13f30d558453",
            "input": "This artist chose Nikias to paint many of his works. The Leconfield Head and the Aberdeen Head are attributed to this artist, who was trained by his father Cephisodotus. This artist used the courtesan Phyrne as a model for many of his works, which include the Marathon Boy. He sculpted a god standing next to a tree being climbed by a lizard in his statue Apollo Sauroktonos. According to Pliny, he scuplted a nude goddess for the town of Kos, as well as a statue of an infant being held by the messenger of the gods. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek sculptor of the Aphrodite of Cnidus and Hermes Carrying the Infant Dionysus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc3258b567864299812760c0723e161b",
            "input": "This figure is often depicted accompanied by two torch-bearers known as Cautes and Cautopates. One of those attendants is thought to stand behind this figure as he aims his bow at a rock which the other kneels below with cupped hands, a scene known as the \"water miracle.\" Another common scene features this god, dagger in one hand and torch in the other, wearing only his Phrygian cap, and is known as the \"rock birth.\" In some cult sites, this figure is depicted dining or shaking hands with Sol, and, like Sol, this figure was often given the epithet invictus. A temple of this figure was known as a spelaeum in Italy and was often built into natural caves alluding to the location of this figure's most famous deed, the taurocthony. For 10 points, name this bull-slaying Roman god, derived from an Iranian deity, whose cult was popular among soldiers in the 1st through 4th centuries AD.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2536053290304bb6b39d9bfe4e8df95d",
            "input": "This concept disallows the Borda count from being effective, although repeated instances of Nanson's Method can bypass this condition. May's theorem applies this concept to a more restricted scope, and ome variants of this concept replace the montonicity and non-imposition criteria to form a more restrictive version. The Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem formally extends this concept to voting systems, and it was introduced by its namesake in \"A Difficulty in the Concept of Social Welfare,\" while its namesake also wrote Social Choice and Individual Values. For 10 points, what theorem states that when there are more than three options, a completely fair and consistent election is unattainable.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7237ee149943455480c88375db735bdf",
            "input": "This man caused the Ottoman Interregnum as a result of one battle, and his lands were inherited by Shah Rokh. He supposedly kept a prisoner in an iron cage, destroyed a rival completely at the Battle of Terek River. He won at the Battle of the Kondurcha River over the massive army of the Toktamysh-led Golden Horde, but died on an expedition to China. Besides capturing Bayezid I at the Battle of Ankara, this conqueror was known for sacking cities and creating pyramids of skulls. For 10 points, name this 14th century conqueror who used Samarkand as his base, known for being partially crippled.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33684d5f665e43588b554e073b4ac4bd",
            "input": "Key concepts in this text are substance and attribute, where substance is the totality of the universe, and attribute is a property of the universe. The third section distinguishes between three forms of knowledge, and concerns the origins of the mind. The third and fourth sections analyze the relation between emotions and morality, and are titled \"On the Origin and Nature of the Emotions\" and \"Of Human Bondage. \" The first section, \"Concerning God,\" argues for the coextension of God and the universe. For 10 points, name this work organized like Euclid's Elements, a pantheistic treatise by Baruch Spinoza.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d105e7486bcb4c3c818c27682e86aa8a",
            "input": "This author wrote a poem in three columns, the leftmost of which is divided into the elements and the rightmost into the \"\"sensation, perception, imagination, and comprehension. \"\" That poem \"\"Blanco\"\" and his collection \"\"Eagle or Sun\"\" come after a book in which he wrote of a \"\"raping conquistador\"\" and \"\"the violated Indian mother. \"\" This man wrote a poem consisting of 584 lines paralleling Venus's 584-day cycle and the Aztec calendar. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of The Bow and the Lyre, \"\"Sunstone,\"\" and The Labyrinth of Solitude.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0eef7ac9d7b412a84863505b377de3a",
            "input": "This poems images include a woman wailing for her demon lover and a deep romantic chasm. Forests ancient as the hills enfold the sunny spots of greenery in this poem, while a figure in a vision sings of Mount Abora. The poet was inspired to write this poem by an anodyne-induced dream that was interrupted by a visitor from Porlock. The structure at the center of the poem, as a result of A miracle of rare device possesses caves of ice. The sunless sea receives the sacred river Alph in the land in which the title figure lives, Xanadu. FTP name this poem ostensibly about a Mongol warlord by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c7e7f525c6749359183ac4a8639c7de",
            "input": "The Gauss-Bonnet theorem tells us that for a particular manifold this quantity is proportional to the integral of Gaussian Curvature. More generally it can be defined as the alternating sum of the ranks of corresponding homology groups, which are known as the Betti Numbers. Equal to 0 for the Torus and Klein bottle, this is-- for 10 points-- which mathematical quantity defined as Vertices minus Edges plus Faces, and named for a prolific Swiss Mathematician.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c1eafce280044769eaa49c87cad5769",
            "input": "Descartes' First Meditation claims that the obsession over this material is related to a \"cerebellaso clouded with black bile. \" This substance was at the center of a mania first described in a case study of a man from Saint Germaine who was compelled to defecate standing up, and constantly wore a small pillow on his rear end, who was only cured when his doctor gave him a \"severe thrashing. \" This material was the namesake of that manic obsession, whose most famous sufferer's condition was documented by the future Pope Pius II and included a fear of being touched and the wearing of protective clothing. Many sufferers of the obsession over this material thought that they were a \"urinal. \" For 10 points, name this material at the center of a sixteenth-century \"delusion\" that the French King Charles VI suffered from, in which people thought that they were susceptible to shattering because they were made of it.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-069a4015ad7c4080bbed4a0ee28569c9",
            "input": "This work's fifth chapter discusses, among other things, the purpose of families to preserve the dead, rather than protect their members, and how governments maintain control over them. Its chapter on religion holds that religion is just of form of consciousness of the absolute being, meaning that it has already been discussed in preceding chapters on Consciousness, Self-consciousness, and the title concept. Reason is the same as the title concept only when it is regarded as absolute truth, and brain fibers are incorrectly regarded as the \"being\" of the title concept, but are revealed to be dead objects when actually inspected. The master-slave dialectic is described in, for 10 points, what philosophical work by G. W. F. Hegel",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8ef73d67761437ca34b5325333c2c4f",
            "input": "Excluding sample preparation, two of these processes make up the first two phases of MudPit protein\\n analysis. This process can be described with an equation that contains terms for eddy-dffusion, longitudinal\\n diffusion and mass transfer called the van Deemter equation. A common material used in these setups is\\n sepharose. It uses antibodies or other binding molecules in its affinity variant and a charged resin in its ion\\n exchange form. The retention time is used to characterize this technique, which typically makes use of a\\n column in its gas, liquid or high performance liquid variants. For 10 points, name this chemical technique\\n which involves passing a mobile phase through a stationary phase to separate a mixture.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6cadf43bfcfb4a799129435372ff3151",
            "input": "One character keeps her mother Nivea's decapitated head in a hatbox and later predicts the earthquake that destroys Tres Marias. Another character befriends Transito Soto at the Red Lantern brothel and has twin boys, Jaime and Nicolas. After becoming pregnant, Blanca is forced to marry Jean de Satigny, but she returns to her lover Pedro Tecero after the birth of her daughter Alba. Alba is later arrested and tortured by Esteban Garcia, but the ghost of her grandmother Clara helps her endure the torture. Telling the story of Esteban and his clairvoyant wife Clara, FTP, name this novel about the Trueba family by Isabel Allende.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-440f17b1529449dca94087ebeb0f4e1d",
            "input": "The rules for its observance are given in Leviticus 23:33, and its required sacrifices are given in Numbers. On its seventh day, Hoshana Rabah, seven circuits of the synagogue are made as Psalm 118:25 is recited. Maimonides remarked that Aristotle's Ethics mentioned similar festivals and that it is timed so that \"there is neither great heat nor troublesome rain\". A bundle of myrtle, willow, and palm, the lulav, and an etrog are shaken daily, and its namesake structure is built, decorated, and slept in. One of the three pilgrimage festivals, along with Pesach and Shavout, for 10 points, this is what Jewish holiday that is also known as the Feast of Booths",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef0beb7a652e44f7a305cf3281c1581b",
            "input": "These objects contain the zone of plastic flow and the zone of brittle flow. They are formed by compressing firn, and parts of them break off by calving. Till is soil left behind by these objects, which also push material to form moraines. Cirques (SERKS) and fjords (FYORDS) are among the landforms due to erosion by these objects. For 10 points, name these moving masses of land ice.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2eb247b7a8034e078f3ce9090defd22c",
            "input": "One of these figures was created from a mirror made of white copper. Another of them pulled a \"grass-cutting\" sword from a dragon's tail, and then gave the weapon to his sister as a gift after he threw a flayed horse into her temple. One of these figures, who represents the sun, had to be lured from a cave by a lurid dance. Raijin is the one of these figures who represents storms. Izanagi and Izanami were two of these figures whose union produced the island of Honshu. For 10 points, name these figures that include Susano'o and Amaterasu, the gods of Shinto myth.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9460ec6f69046b2962a1269759d8b36",
            "input": "A minor character in this work, Eugenius, sees a more important character die, and that dying character's last words quote Sancho Panza, stating that should he recover, \"Mitres be suffered to rain down from heaven thick as hail\". In another episode of this novel, Le Fever falls ill during his a trip to Flanders, and is visited by the future suitor of Mrs. Bridget, Corporal Trim. This romance nearly parallels that of the Widow Wadman and the title characters uncle, but for a wound the latter suffers in the Battle of Namur, and the title character constantly refers to him as My Uncle Toby. For 10 points, name this novel about the Life and Opinions of the title Gentleman, a work by Lawrence Sterne.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd3cddf428554a5ba59bea1a4636fe71",
            "input": "He claimed to have seen Bizets Carmen more than 20 times, and though he never wrote an opera himself, vocal works include his Opus 65 New Love Songs and a setting of a Schiller poem, Nanie. This composer also created many variations on the work of other known composers, such as Paganini, Haydn, and Handel. Vocalists also feature prominently in his longest work, a seven movement, surprisingly non-liturgical work called the German Requiem. With 1876 Symphony No. 1 known as Beethovens Tenth, for ten points, identify this German composer best known for the Tragic Overture and a namesake Lullaby.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9435c495e1604055b53eaf733d211d67",
            "input": "In plants, this element opposes the action of potassium to close stomata while in the body, the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases ions of this element. In the body this metal is typically found in the form of hydroxyapatite and the parathyroid hormone increases concentration of it in the blood. This element is also released into the blood through a process of resorption regulated by osteoclasts. In nature, this metal is found in the minerals gypsum and limestone. For 10 points, name this alkaline earth metal found in bones.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa3e6f80917d4e838741abfeeae8e6bb",
            "input": "The Jarzynski equality gives the upper bound on the bounds provided by this statement. The fluctuation theorem is sometimes used to reconcile Loschmidts paradox, which was formulated as a criticism of this statement. Claude Shannon and Louis Brillouin resolved an apparent violation of this statement by applying it to information theory, thereby showing that Maxwell's Demon had to obey this law. Clausius first formulated this law, which is equivalent to Kelvin's formulation that heat cannot transfer from a cooler body to a hotter one. For ten points, identify this scientific law which states that the entropy of the universe is always increasing.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2838c1163d9746f99ba19c46b3348889",
            "input": "One of this man's operas sees the Pharaoh's son Amenophis in love with Anais, while Musafa plans to marry off his wife to Lindoro in another. Another work by this composer of Moses in Egypt and The Italian Girl in Algiers sees the music teacher bribed to fake illness; that work chronicles Count (*) Almaviva's quest for Rosina's love in an operatic \"prequel\" to Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro. He also depicted Leuthold's murder of one of Gessler's soldiers in an opera that sees the title figure forced to shoot an apple off of his son's head. For ten points, name this Italian composer of The Barber of Seville and William Tell.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6919436486754b92a17e51851b1b84bb",
            "input": "One figure in this work burns a stack of hay, causing a giant oak tree to grow from the ashes, obscuring the sun and moon. The first section of this work describes how the protagonist was birthed by a spirit of the air. (*) Aino drowns herself rather than marry the protagonist, whom she mocks after taking the form of a salmon. Objects in this work include the kantele, an instrument fashioned from the jawbone of a pike, and a magical device forged by Ilmarinen, the sampo. Characters such as Lemminkainen and Vainamoinen appear in, for 10 points, what work compiled by Elias Lonnrot, the national epic of Finland",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d6b19f29eeb43fd87d2aa277f7c9af7",
            "input": "The title event of this work is preceded by Jasiu winning a wrestling match against an opponent who walks into the sea, and its protagonist has a nightmare about flute-playing forces of the \"strangergod. \" A street singer convinces that protagonist that he only has to fear sirocco, contradicting the British agents warnings that Lido Beach is infested with Indian cholera. Thus, the main character does not warn the Polish family he has observed of the danger. For 10 points, Tadzio causes the title event upon Gustav von Aschenbach in what Thomas Mann novella",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c68870d8c0f949cdad330be406d3e4ea",
            "input": "One man in this work points out his father's snoring by quoting Othello: \"The Moor, I know his trumpet. \"  That character quotes Baudelaire when he's courting a comically obese prostitute named Fat Violet, and also questions the aptitude of \"a cheap old quack,\" who \"hardly only charges a dollar,\" Doc Hardy. A servant in this play is a \"buxom Irish peasant\" named Cathleen, who sneaks sips of alcohol. James is an actor who can only play one role, Jamie fatally infects Eugene when he enters the infant's room, and Edmund is diagnosed with tuberculosis. For 10 points, name this play in which Mary is addicted to morphine, a work about the Tyrone family by Eugene O'Neill.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec95fd4315f445d08f99086959c62181",
            "input": "As a law clerk in 1952, William Rehnquist wrote a memo detailing his support of the decision in this earlier case. It was argued on behalf of the Citizens Committe by Albion Tourge. Justice David Brewer did not participate, and Justice Henry Billings Brown wrote the majority in this decision, arguing that the \"badge of inferiority\" assumed by the plaintiff was one he placed onto himself. It was a 7-1 decision, with John Marshall Harlan's lone dissent saying that the \"Constitution is color-blind\" on behalf of its one-eighth black plaintiff from Louisiana. For 10 points, identify this 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the \"separate but equal\" doctrine.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ff7db03a211c4876ab7fc27c6b33cf20",
            "input": "This country's space agency, founded in 1961, is named SUPARCO. Prime Minister Junejo of this country was dismissed from his job for signing the Geneva Accords. This country's chief executive was picked by an electoral college of 80,000 people during a period called \"Basic Democracy\". Ordinance XX [twenty] was a law oppressing this country's largest religious minority, the Ahmadis, who are not allowed to call themselves muslims in this country. In response to the Awami League, this country launched Operation Searchlight. Dictators of this country have included Muhammad Zia in the 80's, Ayub Khan in the 50's and 60's, and most recently a general from the Kargil War, Pervez Musharraf. For 10 points, name this neighbor of India, with capital Islamabad.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-588d4224bb89466db01f855ff96f78a2",
            "input": "It was discovered in 1986 by Roger Davies, Alan Dressler and five other scientists collectively known as The Seven Samurai. Its discovery was made clear due to peculiarities in the Tully-Fischer relationship of up to 700 kilometers-per-second and is associated with a filament-like red-shift that is directed back at the observer; a pattern called the Fingers of God. Some astronomers believe that it is a supercluster with its center at Abell 3627, but since it lies within the Zone of Avoidance, studies made to research this object in the visible spectrum have been made difficult. This structure is located just in front of a 500 million light year long filament of both baryonic and dark matter called the Great Centaurus Wall. Recently estimated to be 250 million light years across, FTP, identify this gravitational anomaly that is named from its tendency to draw galaxies toward it.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25363b49abdc4bd19aee793d7692bc62",
            "input": "A 1975 constitutional crisis resulted from its bicameral parliamentary system, in which the Government is formed in the House of Representatives but the Senate can block supply, and from the fact that it is not a republic. After the Senate rejected Prime Minister Gough [GOFF] Whitlam's budget, Whitlam was dismissed by the Queen's representative, Governor-General John Kerr. FTP, what federation of 6 states and 2 territories, now led by Prime Minister John Howard, is the world's 6th-largest country and smallest continent",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a1cdf3a2beed4ea1a7a2d144380e2029",
            "input": "phylum may contain the extinct conulata, which may also belongs to its own phylum. This phylum is now thought to include Myxoza and Polypodiozoa, a parasite found in sturgeons' eggs. This phylum contains the class cubazoa, whose members move with a contractile tissue called velarium. Most members of this phylum have bodies made of mesoglea. Its members, like the sea wasp and sea pen, develop nematocysts, cells that fire a bulb-shaped projection on the end of a cord and deliver a toxic injection to prey. They go through polyp and medusa phases. For 10 points, name this phylum that contains stinging animals like anemone and jellyfish.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81d36d09ba0c4e08a724b4600595fd14",
            "input": "His first surviving work for piano is a \"Bohemian Dance\" written when he was 17. His last works for piano include \"To the girl dancing with antique cymbals,\" \"To invoke Pan, god of the summer wind,\" and four other Antique Epigraphs, as well as a Heroic Berceuse he dedicated to the king and people of Belgium and a \"Hommage to Haydn\" written for the centenary of the composer's death. All three of his ballets, including Games and Khamma, were originally written as piano scores, and the first of his Etudes is written for five fingers after a work by Czerny. He wrote musical depictions of an eccentric general named Lavine, Samuel Pickwick, and Delphic Dancers in his two books of Preludes for piano, while \"Pagodas\" and \"Night in Grenada\" are depicted in his Estampes. FTP, name this French composer, whose other piano works include the Suite Bergamasque and a collection including \"Golliwogg's Cake-Walk,\" Children's Corner.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3c24672e72a47f1a54e71cbca0c72a1",
            "input": "The E-158 experiment at Stanford investigated this interaction's role in Moller scattering. A simple way to visualize the elements of one mathematical structure used in this interaction is the unitarity triangle. That structure is the subject of a parametrization of Wolfenstein. The Lagrangian of this interaction is a vector minus axial vector. The decay of neutral kaons was used by Cronin and Fitch to show that this interaction violates CP symmetry. That previous structure is the CKM matrix, which describes the probability of quark flavor transitions. Salam, Sheldon, and Weinberg won a Nobel for unifying the electromagnetic force with this force, which mediates beta decay. This force is mediated by the W and Z bosons. For 10 points, name this fundamental force that is, curiously, stronger than gravity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66af5550b8254542a7c55580dd86f8ac",
            "input": "Many of this person's works were published by Friedrich Chrysander, and one of his works was   composed as background music for an event staged by Thomas Desaguliers [day- zah-gool-yay] at  Green Park. This composer set two Dryden poems to music, \"Alexander's Feast\" and \"A Song for  St. Cecilia's Day\". This composer's four coronation anthems include Zadok the Priest. One of his  works, first performed on a boat traveling near King George the First, is Water Music. This composer  collaborated with librettist Charles Jennens on a work that featured the Hallelujah  chorus. Name  this composer of The Messiah.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7604b10b2d61405ebd4d748b947c7379",
            "input": "The transport protein Oatp14 has been found to play a role in regulating the transport of one substance produced (*) by this organ across the blood brain barrier. Made up of two lobes connected by the isthmus, its follicles take 11 weeks during development to create colloid, which are rich in a glycoprotein that contains tyrosine residues. The attack of its cells by a body's own antibodies is a disease named after Hashimoto, and its parafollicular cells produce calcitonin in response to hypercalcemia. Overproduction of a certain hormone may result in Graves' disease, and having an enlarged one, perhaps coming from a lack of iodine, results in a goiter. FTP, name this endocrine gland which secretes hormones for growth and metabolism and is controlled by hypothalamus and pituitary.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-64e051c867a94e3088acb71370bca6b9",
            "input": "In one novel by this author, the protagonist starts taking shisha to escape the realities of his life. In the fifth section of another work by this author, the title of which is alternatively translated as \"The Children of the Alley,\" the protagonist, Arafa, symbolizes modern science, and is claimed by the followers of the prophets who came before him as one of their own. This man's later works included Arabian Days and Nights and The Journey of Ibn Fatouma, which drew on traditional Arabic narratives for subtexts, and Akhenaten, Dweller in Truth, which discussed the ideological battle between old and new religious truths. For 10 points, name this Egyptian author of The Cairo Trilogy and winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8a85cc3d318422fbfd7e18aecb2c7b2",
            "input": "The government it targeted had to divide its forces between it, raids by the Xiongnu, and tribal horsemen in Korea. Its target was the capital of Luoyang, and its participants believed that they were going to succeed the \"fire\" element epitomized by the government. Beginning in the provinces of Shandong and Henan, most of the people who fought on the losing side of it had no weapons, but it served as the catalyst for the fall of the Han dynasty. Led by Zhang Jue [zhoo-AY], a Taoist faith healer, for ten points, name this rebellion, put down by Cao Cao and was named for the headwear the rebels wore.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a73a05b7c64346f99c620b4cb2ccea84",
            "input": "A 1908 plot to poison a garrison of colonial troops from this country was unraveled when one of the conspirators went to confession. Along with the Spanish, this country's military lost the 1858 Siege of Tourane after its alliance with Gia Long unraveled, and this country's army brutally suppressed a 1930 mutiny in Yen Bai led by the VNQDD, as it had a 1916 uprising in Cochinchina. Missionaries from this country were successful in converting many residents in such cities as (*) Da Nang and Hue to Catholicism, but this country had to recognize the independence of several of its colonies at the 1954 Geneva Conference after it was defeated in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. For 10 points, name this European country that colonized Laos and Vietnam.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce9502214ee14e51bebf3e5388977479",
            "input": "In the book from which it was adapted, the character in this opera who claims to be impoverished student Gualtier Mald was originally Franois I, king of France. However, censors wouldn't allow such an overtly political statement, and further denied use of the proposed title \"The Curse. \"  Also not chosen for the title was Le roi s'amuse, the title of the Victor Hugo work from which it was taken. The unhappy title character recalls a curse after his daughter is abducted, after she loses her virginity, and after she sacrifices herself to save the libertine Duke of Mantua. FTP, name this Verdi opera about a hunchbacked court jester.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b4b6a5719b845ada63b9abd3e800f5f",
            "input": "These objects are often underlain by Rothlisberger or Nye channels. In one form, their movement is almost entirely controlled by Glen's Flow Law. Warm ones can also move by enhanced creep, ploughing, and regelation, and both types can experience hydraulic jacking. Many of these objects experience quasi-regular surge cycles, where their movement speed can increase a thousand-fold. These objects create a range of characteristic landforms, including kames, eskers and drumlins. For 10 points, name this class of objects found in mountainous and polar regions around the world, made entirely of ice.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d93710650774d9f8f2c05785060a79d",
            "input": "One city by this name is located at the confluence of the Caney Fork and Cumberland Rivers. The establishment of the Viceroyalty of New Grenada was a boon for a different city of this name, since it became the de-facto capital and a naval base. That is why it was targeted by Edward Vernon in the most significant battle of the War of Jenkins' Ear. That city is called this \"of the Indies\" and is located in Colombia. The sailors who founded that city came from another city of this name located on the coast of Murcia, also an important naval station. That city, in turn, was named \"new\" this by Hasdrubal Barca in 224 BC, after its mother city located on a spit of land between Lake Tunis and the Mediterranean, where it had separate ports for its naval and merchant fleets. For ten points, what is this city name that began when Queen Dido cut a cowhide into strips to enclose the land that became this city",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8859928211584b0aa7f55617e61620fd",
            "input": "These objects are formally defined as isomorphic to connected, acyclic graphs. They support traversal methods known as walks, and self-balancing examples of these include the B- and red-black ones. A special case of these structures in which child values are always less than parent values is known as a heap. When the nodes of these structures have at most two children, they are called binary. For 10 points, name these fundamental computer data structures in which nodes are known as roots or leaves.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eea306b0f3a94b47960640f20bd1f1da",
            "input": "The Schaeffer-Bergmann variety of this phenomenon arises in interactions with sounds that take place in crystals, and the Kirchhoff formalism derives this phenomenon from a scalar differential wave theory. The Cornu spiral is a graphical depiction of Fresnel integrals, which characterize the near-field variety of this process, while the far-field variety is known as the Fraunhoffer type. For a circular aperture, this phenomenon results in Airy discs, and the Rayleigh criterion represents the maximum resolvability of a lens known as this phenomenon's namesake limit. Governed in x-ray crystallography by Bragg's law, FTP, identify this optical effect in which light bends around the edges of an aperture.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8270420e86b41abb76de93ced00c5f4",
            "input": "Jasper Johns's Racing Thoughts and Kaspar Malevich's Solar Eclipse with [this work] both feature recreations of it, the former in black and white and the latter with two red Xs. Fernand Leger created a version \"with keys,\" while E. H. Gombrich pointed out the distinctive sfumato at the corners of the eyes. Margaret Livingstone claimed that this painting's most famous feature is captivating because it is not perceptible by foveal vision and thus nearly disappears when it is looked at directly. Featuring an added mustache in Duchamp's parody L. H. O. O. Q., for 10 points, name this painting famous for its subject's lack of eyebrows and enigmatic smile, a portrait by Leonardo da Vinci.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52c0fece6ff6481d9672a4cc3bef8c7d",
            "input": "This operation is an automorphism of the Schwartz space and, by duality, the space of tempered distributions. This operation restricted to the dense subspace formed by the intersection of the L 1 and L 2  spaces is a linear isometry into L 2 according to the Plancherel theorem, which can be used to prove its uniqueness. The integral over the reals of the squared modulus of a function f is equal to the integral over the reals of the squared modulus of this operation applied to f, which is equivalent to the fact that this operation is unitary, according to Parseval's relation. This transform is integrated over the reals and is defined using a complex exponential. For 10 points, identify this operation that transforms a time- domain function to one in the frequency-domain, and which shares many properties with the Laplace transform.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3bd9a4956ec4db48957d3d896bfe57c",
            "input": "As a result of glacial melting and the monsoon season, the level of this river in the late summer is as much as 30 feet higher than its level in January, requiring some of its ports, such as Herzada, to have separate high- and low-water landing points. With a name deriving from the Sanskrit for \"elephant river,\" it forms from the confluence of Mali and Nmai rivers, passes through three gorges before reaching Mandalay, and empties into the Andaman Sea. FTP, name this major river of Myanmar.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f44a9f3ad694af89910a9e4012f5861",
            "input": "This man half-jokingly suggested that he would teach his wife to read Amadis de Gaul instead of the Bible, and later wives included the runaway nun Charlotte de Bourbon and a daughter of Admiral Coligny. Among this mans co-conspirators was Floris de Montmercy, who was executed before Anne of Austria could ask her husband to spare him. This man offered the kingship of his country to Francis, Duc dAlenon et dAnjou, after a series of victories by Alessandro Farnese forced him to turn to France for support. This man was assassinated by Balthasar Gerard in 1584, before the liberation of his nation was complete. For 10 points, identify this Dutch freedom fighter, whose heirs were Stadtholders of the United Provinces and whose great-grandson of the same name ruled England with his wife Mary II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef765db1d2b445c9bc79cdc53387e672",
            "input": "A blank-faced woman sitting against a red and ocher background is the subject of this artists The Plum Blossoms, while the subject of his Zorah on the Terrace is sitting under sunlight with a goldfish bowl next to her. He drew a portrait of his wife with the title entity serving as an artificial shadow line in one work, while he depicted a group of people holding hands in a circle against a blue-green background in another. In addition to The Green Line and Le Danse, this artist painted a work with various paintings, sculptures, and ceramics in The Red Studio, as well as a work subtitled Souvenir de Briska was burned at the Armory Show in 1913. The Red Studio and The Blue Nude were among the works of, FTP, which French Fauve artist",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91632f3fd2ad4ab6879bf0a86d8913a4",
            "input": "A disproportionation reaction using this type of compounds in the presence of alcoxides to yield esters is named for Tischenko, while another type can be formed by reacting a secondary amine with a pyridinium salt. In the presence of a strong base, two equivalents of these yield an alcohol and a carboxylic acid in the Cannizzaro reaction. They can be reduced to primary alcohols, and they react with a set of alkyl ammonium compounds to form a silver mirror in the Tollens test. For 10 points, identify these compounds which feature a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to an alkyl group and a hydrogen, exemplified by etha-nal and propa-nal.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6319782084d4478b8a1fd8550492eedd",
            "input": "This man addressed his aesthetic theories in his lecture \"\"Ten O'Clock,\"\" which was collected in his book The Gentle Art of Making Enemies. Many of the letters in that work address those who attacked his work The White Girl and a painting that was likened to \"\"flinging a pot of paint in the public's face. \"\" This painter of (*) Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket is better known for a painting of a woman seated in a chair against a wall. For 10 points, name this painter of Arrangement in Grey and Black: The Artist's Mother.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-727b432b72dd4f61bf183b00e11b4a09",
            "input": "This mans innovations included the buffalo horns formation, and he gradually phased out the use of the assegai. Henry Flynn and Nathaniel Isaacs became acquainted with him and recorded many of his exploits. He instituted a conscription policy known as Impi and first obtained prominence at the Battle of Gqokli Hill. Moshoeshoe was his chief rival, and in addition to proclaiming a three-month fast, he ordered seven thousand people executed upon the death of his mother Nandi, and he was later murdered and succeeded by his half-brother Dingaan. Responsible for the turbulent Mfecane, FTP, name this man whose name translates as \"intestinal parasite,\" an iconic Zulu chieftain.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26d9d389b1544c06b785969ebab18878",
            "input": "In a play by this author, a woman hides a handgun in her dress and twelve photos of the protagonist as a boy are found in his suitcase. A character in one of his plays speaks about the omnipresence of Goodness as the walls pull back to reveal spinning planets. In another play, this author wrote about a meeting between the Prince and the leader of the \"Pentagon\" that is interrupted when a woman throws a bomb at the window. A play by this author features a ritual in which a boulder is rolled away from the mouth of a cave, supposedly allowing the dead to roam free for a day. The communist Hugo Barine murders Hoederer in a play by this author who wrote about Orestes and Electra defying Zeus in another work. For 10 points, name this French playwright of Dirty Hands and The Flies.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-880e399c4a7e47e88efee17cb997b3ce",
            "input": "This text describes a war of four kings against five and the conception and birth of a figure who is prophesized to be a \"wild donkey of a man\". One figure in this text sends a messenger to Nahor's house in order to find a daughter-in-law, and later marries Keturah. Abimelech, the King of Gerar, is struck barren in this text after confusing another figure's wife for his sister. This book describes how the Land of Shinar was home to a notable edifice, while another location in this book is sealed with a flaming sword after a figure created from a rib eats from the tree of knowledge. For ten points, name this first book of the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad95b2fc445d4a82895384714776cdae",
            "input": "This god owned the Stymphallian Birds and had his son Cycnus killed by Heracles. Heracles managed to injure this god with an arrow in the thigh, and he was held captive in a jar by the Aloadae. This god was caught in a sturdy but invisible net after his affair with Aprhodite was uncovered by Hephaestus. This son of Zeus rode into battle with his sons Phobos and Deimos. For 10 points, name this analogue of Mars, the Greekgod of warfare.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-60d7f1b16cc446899eda265aa803c778",
            "input": "One part of this work depicts an old woman with drooping breasts with her head facing down and is\\n entitled The Old Courtesan. A man struggles under the weight of a woman in a part of this work named I\\n am Beautiful. This work also includes a depiction of a man who ate the bodies of his own children. Two\\n sculptures which were originally part of this work are one which depicts Francesca and Paolo engaging in\\n the title action and one which depicts a man with his hand underneath his chin. Those sculptures are The\\n Kiss and The Thinker. For 10 points, name this massive sculpture by Auguste Rodin which was inspired by\\n Dante's Inferno.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db34351d148243e394caeb2f335e3971",
            "input": "This man, known to his supporters as the Father of the Poor, had a brother, Benjamin, who was known as the Kiss, and ran his countrys secret police. Deposed once in a military coup, this man was elected to his countrys senate following the presidential election of Eurico Dutra, and he would go on to win his last presidential election in 1950. Francisco Campos, this mans justice minister, helped draft his most famous plan, which was supported by the Integralistas. This mans downfall came about following the dismissal of his protg Joao Goulart and the attempted murder of opposition journalist Carlos Lacerda. FTP name this dictator who committed suicide in 1954 and established the quasi-fascist Estado Novo in Brazil.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b06a707b7d6346619f6dbd2f2fd94c5c",
            "input": "This war's naval battles of Kinburn and Sinope saw some of the first uses of ironclad warships. This war ended not long after the Omar Pasha led the Siege of Kars, and it began with Allied victories at Alma and Inkerman. French forces then trapped the Black Sea fleet during the Siege of (*) Sevastopol. The \"Lady with the Lamp,\" Florence Nightingale, was a nurse in this war, which saw a disastrous cavalry charge at the Battle of Balaclava. For ten points, identify this major European war which was ended by the 1856 Treaty of Paris and was named after the Ukrainian peninsula on which most of the fighting occurred.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-67d6d96d1c954bc1a7ea61034a450606",
            "input": "In the foreground of one of this man's paintings, a brown-clad monk reaches forward with a goblet to meet a number of swords. That painting by this man, his largest canvas ever, unexpectedly places a two-tiered blue-and-gold crown on a one-eyed Batavian and was systematically sliced apart in a desperate attempt to sell the fragments. In another of his paintings, an older beret-wearing figure peeks out from behind a curtain to gaze at the title figure, who lies in bed as a golden infant with an anguished expression flies above her. This artist of The (*) Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis and that depiction of Danae painted a work centered on a skullcapped man, who stands in an alcove behind a quintet of hat-wearing men who examine a logbook. Another painting by this artist of Syndics of the Clothmakers' Guild depicts a shadowy dog menacing a drummer on the right, while an illuminated, ethereal girl holds a chicken next to a red-clad man holding a musket. For 10 points, identify this artist who depicted the company of Frans Banning Cocq in his Night Watch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d4cd6103c2ab418b8bd5388d07329c63",
            "input": "This composer called one of his works \"a poem, suite, fairy tale, story but not a symphony.\" That piece by this man depicts the desert wanderings of an Arabian hero, Antar. Another of this composer's works borrows from the Orthodox church's obikhod. The fandango and alborada are among the dances presented in this man's Capriccio espagnol. \"Sinbad's Ship\" is a movement from his suite about a storyteller from the Arabian Nights, while a short piece by this man comes from his opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan and represents Prince Guidon's transformation into an insect. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Scheherazade and \"Flight of the Bumblebee.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a3f860edb4f4770acde87fae8d38c68",
            "input": "One character in it tells of being kidnapped by pirates on Lake Michigan, a story his wife, who ignores his affair with Mrs. Williams, pretends to believe. Chase Henry votes for prohibition after being banned from the saloons and is envied by Judge (*) Somers. Fiddler Jones admits that \"I never started to plow in my life \" but concludes that he has \"not a single regret. \" Introduced by \"The Hill\", for 10 points, these stories appear in what collection of poems by Edgar Lee Masters",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cfb39dcd5bf649178d2f323311e4106b",
            "input": "This womans son was found at the same time and on the same hillside as Auges son Telephus. She followed Ancaeus and Cepheus from Arcadia to a gathering where she wound up killing the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus. While there, she also caught the eye of Cleopatras husband, who wound up killing Toxeus and Plexippus, his uncles. This mother of Parthenopaeus stopped to pick up three golden apples during a footrace, resulting in her marriage to Melanion; unfortunately, they wound up transformed into lions yoked to Cybeles chariot. FTP name this huntress who received from a smitten Meleager the hide of the Calydonian Boar.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1efbb274d3a14ea887d26d3138182c90",
            "input": "Factors leading to the outbreak of this war included the long-standing border dispute between the countries involved, the imbalance in trade opportunities created by the Central American Common Market, and the involuntary repatriation program instituted by the Honduran government. On July 14, 1969, El Salvador opened hostilities against Honduras, and although a cease-fire was declared four days later, a peace treaty was not concluded until 1980. FTP, name this war which gained its name from three contentious World Cup matches played shortly before the war.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f9fffee4603a40719ab1864ccda2a03c",
            "input": "In one work by this author, the title character devoured six ices, refused to pay for them, knocked down the pastry cook, and walked away. That is a work in twelve chapters, each of which is just a sentence or two long. This writer also created an epistolary novel in forty-one letters in which the De Courcy and Vernon families communicate, with most of the book dedicated to the so-called \"Sir James Martin contretemps. \" Everyone in the title coastal town has a different idea of what their new buildings will look like when talking to Mr. Parker in another of this authors books. For 10 points, name this author of Love and Freindship, The Beautiful Cassandra, The Watsons, Lady Susan, and Sanditon, perhaps better known for such novels as one in which Edmund Bertram marries Fannie Price, Mansfield Park, as well as Emma and Sense and Sensibility.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8bb2e5895de048d788fa3a6d6be2a9a5",
            "input": "He wrote a of knife-sharpener who charms a woman into giving him flowers so he can resell the flowerpot in \"The Chrysanthemums,\" a story from his collection The Long Valley. His journey on the Western Flyer with Edward Ricketts was the basis for The Sea of Cortez, and one of his novels describes Mac and Jim Nolan's attempt to unionize fruit pickers. Another of his novels sees a main character shot after saying \"Le's do it now\" following the accidental death of Curley's wife. This author of In Dubious Battle and The Winter of Our Discontent described the Trask family in East of Eden. For 10 points, name this author of Cannery Row and The Grapes of Wrath.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-befb47e43db0467184a91b7720dcb8bf",
            "input": "The Ashbourne Act, also called the Purchase of Land Act, was an attempt to get this man to switch political affiliation. This man was released from prison after signing the so-called \"Kilmainham Treaty\". This man authored the No Rent Manifesto and the Tenant's Relief Bill, and at the height of his power he was a coalition partner of William Gladstone. The Piggott forgeries attempted to link this man to extremists. This man was driven from politics because of his scandalous affair with Kitty O'Shea. For ten points, name this leader of the Home Rule League, who represented Ireland in Parliament in the late 19th century.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b3e9660eebc4827a00990ea0400b5ed",
            "input": "This particle is produced along with a muon, and antimuon by the collision of an electron and a positron in the Bjorken process. This particle's decay into two tau leptons has not yet been observed, casting doubt on its postulated spin of zero. This elementary particle was initially hypothesized to explain, through spontaneous symmetry breaking, why the W and Z bosons are massive, and we now know that its namesake field is what imparts mass to matter. It is a target of the Large Hadron Collider. For 10 points, name this no-longer-hypothetical boson discovered in 2012, nicknamed the \"God particle\".",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ba624a990cc482db1d75020a2da0fe3",
            "input": "One antagonist in this work leaves behind the head of Aeschere after killing him. Unferth argues that the success of this work's title character was due to luck. A villager steals a golden cup from a cave towards the end of this work. The title character  beheads the corpse of a figure who had been attacking Herot and decides to help King Hrothgar at its beginning. At the end of this work, Wiglaf helps the protagonist battle a dragon which ultimately kills the hero. For 10 points, name this epic poem about a hero who killed the monster Grendel.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac2c6e612d894b60babf245b15532dfb",
            "input": "He was 26 years old when he published On the Conservation of Force in 1847 whose ideas were more precise than Mayer's and more wide-ranging than Joule's. In 1850 he developed an ophthalmoscope for viewing the human retina. He also argued that the cochlea resonates at different frequencies and analyses complex sounds. Later in life he gave up physiology for medicine and became interested in Maxwell's work on electromagnetic radiation. His pupils included Hertz, Boltzmann, and Michelson. FTP name this German physicist and physiologist, the namesake of a kind of free energy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44f0e1d4e7ea4247a296560dd077b910",
            "input": "His projected works included one about prince Manfred and Fatima, the titular Saracen, as well as Jesus von Nazareth. Gerald Abraham published a supposedly reconstructed version of this mans mythical Starnberg quartet. He wrote a Centennial March in honor of the anniversary of the American declaration of Independence, as well as the Kaisermasrch after the Franco-Prussian war. He composed the Siegfried Idyll as a wedding present to his wife, and four of his operas include the dwarf Alberich and the Valkyrie Brunhilde. FTP, name this composer whose operas Gotterdammerung, The Valkyries, and Siegfried are part of his Ring of the Nibelungs.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b2bb902bfb643589a8e55894cf0f66d",
            "input": "During this dynasty, the emperor controlled the government directly, ruling with the aid of a specially appointed Nei-ko, or Grand Secretariat. Its second ruler, Jianwen, died in a mysterious palace fire during the revolt of his uncle Yongle, who ordered the construction of the Temple of Heaven and the Forbidden City and oversaw the seven voyages of Zheng He. It was founded by an orphan and Buddhist novice who took the ruling name Hong Wu after ousting the Yuan dynasty. FTP, what was this Chinese dynasty that ruled until the Qing took power in 1644",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-14e2fdf2fdbf45b28a49d1cf6df8a0f1",
            "input": "Bhai Gurdas wrote some verses about the life of this man, but a more authoritative treatment is found in the Janamsakhis. One of this mans sons would go on to found the Udasi sect, and another story about this man details his how an astrologer bowed before him as an infant. He underwent a revelation after bathing in the Bein River, and then met his successor Angad after moving to Kartapur. The Mul Mantra that he recited upon reaching enlightenment can be found in his religions holy scripture, the Adi Granth. FTP, name this religious leader who proclaimed that There is no Hindu, there is no Muslim, the first Guru of Sikhism",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-abd06939f3c64ae3ac2db365c6ef434a",
            "input": "One compound that is sometimes mistaken for this resource is created by crushing jatropha seeds. Companies such as Lignol and Novozymes have worked to create the \"cellulosic\" form of this resource from wood chips. Support for American production of this resource has led to decreased use of MTBE, and previously spurred on a controversial 54-cent tariff on (*) imports of this resource from its most extensive user. Concerns about food prices have caused criticisms about the use of land to produce this resource, which powers automobiles in Brazil. For 10 points, name this petroleum substitute that is often made of sugarcane or corn.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-336997cf07b24dc1b53d654dc6081d85",
            "input": "Though not Max Scheler or Henri Bergson, this philosopher used the term Homo faber to refer to man's ability to control his environment through tools in one work, which sought to contrast the vita activa with the vita contemplativa. This thinker also wrote a work which posits that certain anti-utilitarian institutions are inexplicably stable from their shapelessness, and that one man only had to resort to violence because of Ernst Rohm's homosexuality. That work also coined the term \"secret societies in broad daylight\" and dedicated a section to the secret police. This author of The Life of the Mind and The Human Condition also used the phrase \"banality of evil\" to help explain the Holocaust. For 10 points, who is this author of The Origins of Totalitarianism and Eichmann in Jerusalem",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-efaa444f9cb544ffa6cac44974b89471",
            "input": "A fraudulent edition of this work, the so-called \"Reading Edition,\" was published in 1847 by T.J. Wise. In the sixth poem, the speaker tells the subject, \"Go from me,\" and the first poem in this series refers to an \"antique tongue\" and the \"sweet years\" that Theocritus had sung. The title of the series may have been inspired by its author's early poem \"Catarina to Camens. \"  In the penultimate poem in this series, the speaker lists \"freely, as men strive for Right\" and \"to the depth and breadth and height my soul can reach,\" in answer to her question, \"How do I love thee Let me count the ways. \"  FTP, identify this series of poems originally addressed to Robert Browning and written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a5a06086ea9423b94723ef8662af27a",
            "input": "This sect reveres a type of honesty called \"guarding one's tongue.\" This sect rose to prominence in the Chouf mountains. The phrase \"covenant of blood\" refers to this faith's willingness to serve in an army led by another faith. A \"universal mind\" or aql figures into this sect, which reveres the tomb of Sabalan. Adherents believe in exoteric, esoteric, and \"double hidden\" meanings within their Epistles of Wisdom, which are accessible by its majority-female uqqal subgroup but forbidden to juhhal. This faith, which bans intermarriage and conversion, draws on Platonist and Ismaili Shi'a tradition and venerates the caliph al-Hakim. For 10 points, name this secretive monotheistic faith symbolized by a five-colored star, which has historically fought for Israel and against its homeland of Lebanon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b5ef156188d461294973c161fbc132a",
            "input": "The operator problem of this name can be solved by the so-called \"algebraic method\" using the raising and lowering operators and was solved by Dirac to model photons. The utility of this model arises because of the nature of the first-order expansion of a potential energy about an equilibrium. The equation by this name arises from a quadratic-potential Lagrangian or from combining Newton's second law and Hooke's law. This is therefore a good model for a perturbed atom, AC circuit, first-order pendulum, or mass on a spring. FTP, name these physical systems that, if unforced, have sinusoidal motion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d19a4ecd8e6e4f0e916799aacdf51d1a",
            "input": "In an excised scene of this work, one character insists he will not be imprisoned in the suburbs for having dined in the West End, after Mr. Grisby gives him a 762-pound bill. Another character claims to have written a three-volume novel and insists that Fiction means the good end happily and the bad unhappily to her pupil, who by Act III calls one character sister, but only after calling her many other things first. The aforementioned novel had been lost by Miss Prism in the Victoria station along with a handbag bearing General Moncrieffs son, leading to Jacks shock upon consulting with Lady Bracknell that he has been telling the truth about his title name all along. FTP, name this play by Oscar Wilde.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3a9c55a9af940e8a697d64d7987d1a5",
            "input": "One person discussed at this event fled to Schaffhausen aided by Frederick, Duke of Austria-Tyrol. John of Ragusa led some debate at this council and John of Falkenberg declared the Polish people should be exterminated. Andrew of Posen announced the Articles passed by its fourth and fifth sessions, favored by Gallicanism followers. The Ars moriendi text giving advice on a good death probably came from this meeting, and it was legitimized by the Sacrosancta decree, declaring its power superior to the pope. Initiated by Sigismund following the Council of Pisa's failure, this council declared John Wycliffe a heretic. For 10 points, name this 1414-1418 council that appointed Martin V as pope and brought about the burning of Jan Hus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-369e7a49403a421188a5c57307d45180",
            "input": "Late in dynastic history, a strong cult of this god was established at Khnum, while this god was sometimes said to be the consort of Astennu. This god was notable for intervening in battles of good and evil to heal the injured party so that neither could overtake the other. This god, who spoke the words that created all of heaven and earth, also gambled with the moon to win five more days to make the year three hundred and sixty five days long, after which he created its calendar. This god, who was sometimes regarded as the monkey Aan, was in charge of deciding when the scales of a heart outweighed the feather of Maat, and he was also ascribed the creation of magic. For ten points, identify this ibis-headed Egyptian deity of writing.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56a94b050efd408894e6e40347bee3f5",
            "input": "The presence of this element at the center of sarin allows it to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. This element bonds to an azide in the first step of the Staudinger reduction. A functional group containing this element in its center stabilizes the carbanion in the intermediate of the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. Four atoms of this element bind to 10 oxygen atoms in its (*) pentoxide. A Z-alkene can be produced by reacting a carbonyl with an ylide with positive charge on this element in the Wittig reaction. Coming in notable white and red allotropes, for 10 points, name this element with atomic number 15 which is found below nitrogen on the periodic table.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-14b6552a6ce84cd0a1a5ae72ddb49523",
            "input": "He ascended to the throne by defeating a usurper who pretended to be this man's murdered uncle. In one of his notable administrative acts, he reorganized his empire into 20 sections. Near the end of his life, he ordered a large limestone rock to be inscribed with his genealogy in three languages; that inscription was translated into English in 1849. He also led an expedition against the tribes of the Danube River in 516 BC, put down a rebellion of Ionians in 499 BC, and attempted to subjugate Greece with his son-in-law Mardonius, but his forces were defeated at Mt. Athos and Marathon. FTP, name this Persian emperor who was succeeded by his son Xerxes I.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed2986d0e2934db6ab58f6fbc657ed52",
            "input": "This technique can be followed up by ethidium bromide staining which allows easy visualization of the resulting bands. The namesake component in this procedure must be covered with tris acetate buffer and ladders must be placed in the end wells to allow comparison. Polyacrylamide may used to produce the matrix when the samples are small, though agarose is more commonly used. For 10 points, identify this technique wherein an electric field separates DNA molecules according to size as they travel to the positive electrode.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9696114e417b40daafd3117bc0babf60",
            "input": "A toddler holds blocks and a toy horse has a red wagon attached to it in this artist's Baby at Play. A chaperone sits and watches as William Rush copies a nude model in a painting by this man. Three men lean to counter the wind in this man's painting of sailboats racing in a river. Weda Cook sings an excerpt from Mendelssohn's Elijah in his The Concert Singer. This man created a \"motion study\" in which a nude pole vaulter is depicted at multiple positions in his jump. He depicted the title friend rowing in the Schuylkill River in his Max Schmitt in a Single Scull. For 10 points, name this artist that depicted anatomy lectures at Jefferson Hospital in his paintings The Agnew Clinic and The Gross Clinic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4e526d7d54e4c61b493f446dcca0af2",
            "input": "This man ended guild taxation and road-tolls. He razed the main Tendai temple to diminish monastic influence. A descendant of the Fujiwaras, he first established a base of power in Owari, and struck beyond those borders by defeating Imagawa Yoshimoto using the new (*) muskets. He then built his greatest castle at Azuchi and deposed the last Ashikaga shogun before killing himself in the Honnoji incident during Mitsuhide's treachery. For 10 points, name this first Great Unifier, preceding Hideyoshi.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b21562d41674ac9a716a85e124d0e92",
            "input": "A song cycle from this composer features movements representing an encounter with a giant beetle and one in which a child fails off of his stick horse on the way to Yukki. Along with The Nursery, other song cycles by this man include one with a section \"Enclosed Inside Four Walls\", Sunless and another cycle with a Trepak representing a peasant in a blizzard, Songs and Dances of Death. The second act of one of this man's operas people panicking over a pig's snout appearing in a window and that opera is known for its Gopak wedding dance. In addition to The Fair at (*) Sorochyntski, another work by this man depicts the clumsy running around of a gnome and a 2/4 time signature pesante section involving oxen pulling a large cart. Such sections are separated by an alternative 5/4 and 6/4 time promenade and other portions of that work include a conversation between poor and rich Jews, a panicking chase by a \"Hut on Hen's Legs and the Great Gate of Kiev. FTP, identify this Russian composer who depicts Chernobog in Night on Bald Mountain and is best know for his Pictures at an Exhibition.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74d8cc3202074954a296d488b317d97f",
            "input": "According to the disputed play Rhesus, there are actually two figures by this name  one a son of Cronos, and one a son of Zeus and twin brother of Arkas. According to Plutarch, an Egyptian sailor named Thamus was told by a divine voice that this figure had died. Women in his life include his daughter, Iambe, whom he had with Echo, though he was less successful at wooing Pitys, who was turned into a tree, and Syrinx, who escaped him. According to the Homeric hymn to this figure, he is the son of Dryope and Hermes. His Roman equivalent, the father of Latinus, was named Faunus and was celebrated on Lupercal. FTP, name this rustic god of the pipe, a satyr with the hind of a goat.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57a057e9a5944c8d975c9f1a817a7479",
            "input": "The Palomar-Green survey catalogued several of these objects, and the Soltan argument posits the existence of \"dead\" ones of these if they are powered in a certain way. X-ray binaries are sometimes referred to as \"micro-\" ones, and another type of these objects are similar to BL Lac objects and can change output by up to 50% in a day, referred to as optically violent variable ones. Neutral hydrogen in the interstellar medium leads to a suppression of emissions from these objects on one side of the Lyman-alpha line, known as the Gunn-Peterson trough. A double one of these dubbed \"Old Faithful\" was the first gravitationally lensed object observed, and another is known as Einstein's Cross. FTP, name these stellar objects, which are distant galaxies with a supermassive black hole at their center, whose name originally meant \"quasi-stellar radio source\".",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47967e9b09da4f398257a4b48167537f",
            "input": "The last \"ancient\" time period of this nation is named after the burial mounds, or kofun, of that time period. The Gempei War ended the Heian period of this country. Francis Xavier, a Jesuit missionary, and Commodore Matthew Perry came to this country during the Tokugawa Shogunate. For 10 points, name this country formerly ruled by Emperor Hirohito where two atomic bombs were dropped.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1cbf63f9d57a4e718b93aacd1d69d6f6",
            "input": "His early poems appeared in such collections as Look, Stranger! On This Island, and The Orators. After immigrating to America in the 1940s he published other works of verse, including The Quest, a sonnet sequence, and The Sea and the Mirror, a commentary on the Tempest, but it may be for individual works like his elegies on Freud and Yeats, and his rumination on the Spanish Civil War, \"Spain 1937,\" that he is remembered. FTP, name this poet known for his stage collaborations with Christopher Isherwood, as well as his long poem \"The Age of Anxiety. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-975852cd44fb42a5b67fd31a15f650c0",
            "input": "21 (Tiebreaker). This law applies when the compressibility factor is equal to 1. It is expressed in the first term of the virial equation, and it is most accurate at high temperatures and low pressures. Deviations from it due to particle volume and intermolecular forces are accounted for in the(*) van der Waals equation, and its namesake entities are described by kinetic theory. This law's namesake constant is equal to Avogadro's number times Boltzmann's constant. For 10 points, name this law most commonly expressed as P V equals N R T.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62d32d5e98b14f0f9bf3c2b28e594c63",
            "input": "He hypothesized that sickle cell anemias genetic nature as well as its different charge from normal cells. As a chemist, his research concerned the importance of quantum mechanics in molecular attraction to determine the lengths and angular of atomic and molecular structure by using electron diffraction, which relied on how electrons pass through molecules. More importantly, his work on electronegativity developed the scale by which we determine ease of election attraction and how electrons interact via covalent bonding. FTP, name this Nobel Laureate with the unique distinction of winning prizes in Chemistry and Peace.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9214b452cdb4356978144ea792ccec2",
            "input": "One character in this work goes into the woods at night to commune with the devil, and at one point attempts to get the protagonist to come with her, but is rejected. In addition to Mistress Hibbins, other characters in this work include one who was captured by Native Americans and delayed his trip to Boston, one whose chest is revealed to carry a stigmata in the shape of the title object after his death at the end of this work, and another whose daughter Pearl is rumored to be fathered by the devil. For 10 pointsname this work, containing Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Hester Prynne, a work by Nathaniel Hawthorne.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0663a69edc1d42738e28cfc10077d6d0",
            "input": "The protagonist of Jeffrey Archer's novel, A Prisoner of Birth , repeatedly compares his plight and his plan to that of the protagonist of this novel. Lesbian undertones characterize the relationship between Eugenie and her music teacher Louise, who by novel's end have run off to Rome, where we earlier met the bandit leader Luigi Vampa. The love of Valentine and Maximillian is solely heterosexual as is that of the protagonist for his young ward, the Turkish princess Haydee. The final part of the protagonist's plan sees the bankruptcy of Danglars come to fruition, which follows the ruination of both Villefort and Fernand, the other two figures involved in framing the protagonist in a Bonapartist plot. FTP, name this adventure novel about the revenge of Edmund Dantes and written by Alexander Dumas, pere.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-188be1089aee4f95bf0a472ce3a9f096",
            "input": "One of this movements leaders was slowly dismembered on the banks of the Dadu River; that leader had earlier plotted with the North King Wei Changhui to kill its military commander Yang Xiuqing. Areas it controlled saw even married couples separated by sex, as well as the banning of foot-binding. This conflicts Battle of Cixi saw the death of Frederick Ward, and Zeng Guofans Xiang Army took its capital of Nanjing. It was led by the supposed younger brother of Jesus, Hong Xiuquan, but was not able to dislodge the Qing Dynasty from power. For 10 points, identify this Chinese rebellion, notably featuring Charles Gordons Ever Victorious Army.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f487d3b5ebd4f6496abc7ac79e02791",
            "input": "Military events during this war included the Duke de Villeroi's destruction at Ramillies, a failed attempt by the dukes of Boufflers and Villars to break the siege of Mons, and a battle which began with a weakening strike by John Cutts and ended with with the retreat of Maximillian II Emanuel. Perhaps the most important consequence of this war was a provision in the peace treaty giving the \"asciento,\" or control over the Atlantic slave trade, to Britain. It failed to prevent Philip V of Bourbon from succeeding the Habsburg Carlos II despite bloody clashes at Oudenarde, Malplaquet, and Blenheim. FTP, name this early-1700's war in which Eugene of Savoy and the Duke of Marlborough distinguished themselves, ended by the Peace of Utrecht.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-426ce19baf964d6eac2e5840c596e543",
            "input": "This event led to a thirteen-week strike known as the \"Uprising of the Twenty Thousand,\" and it was cited by one Cabinet member as \"the day the New Deal began. \" The IGLWU teamed with Al Smith to push through legislation after this event, the aftermath of which saw Alterman's testimony discredited thanks to attorney Max Steuer. Isaac Harris and Max Blanck were tried for manslaughter on the basis of the bodies on the ground after workers were forced to jump from a ninth-story window. Occurring at the Asch building just east of Washington Square, this is, for 10 points, which March 25, 1911 event where unsafe working conditions led to the death of 146 workers for its namesake garment company  \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b604ea261ca4d44902bc7c03c74724f",
            "input": "This author's characters include a fired teacher whose obsession with blue eyes stems from his father's drowning death. That character, Gimpei, seduces Hisako in his magic realist novel The Lake. Chikako's birthmark is the life-vision of Kikuji in his novel based on The Tale of Genji. Much of his work, including the story of Eguchi's club The House of the Sleeping Beauties, is classified as neo-sensualism, but he's best known for portraits of loneliness and beauty like The Izu Dancer. FTP, name this imagist novelist of Thousand Cranes, The Sound of the Mountain and The Snow Country, who won the Nobel Prize in 1968.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f156f5a83f24d44b3a534007f15c978",
            "input": "This character stands next to a cannon to watch a football game shortly after describing a work entitled \"The Secret Goldfish.\" He was once the manager of a fencing team, and he stays at the Edmont Hotel after talking to a cabbie about where the ducks in Central Park go in the winter. He is beaten up by Maurice after refusing to sleep with Sunny, and this character is haunted by thoughts of [*] James Castle. This character has conflicts with Sally Hayes, Mr. Spencer, and Mr. Antolini, and he gets back his red hunting hat from his sister Phoebe, one of the only people this character doesn't think is a \"phony.\" For 10 points, name this narrator of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab60c239c7dc4537852a4643e376e112",
            "input": "The minimalist composer Steve Reich has set several of this man's works to music in pieces such as Proverbs. His lesser known works include Remarks on Color and Culture and Value, and he and Emil Post are independently credited with the development of the modern truth table. In one notable work, this man claimed that many philosophical problems are merely \"bewitchments\" rising from the misuse of language, while his most famous work contains seven major propositions, including \"The world is everything that is the case. \" FTP, name this philosopher whose most notable works include Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e716d555d85e451ab3ca7bd08d59a65a",
            "input": "This author wrote about the ridiculousness of a feathery creature with a horse's body and man's head in a letter to the Pisones. Thanks to his patron Maecenas, this poet lived on a \"Sabine Farm\" that he wrote of frequently. On poem by this man urges diligence against the Parthians and notes that it is sweet and (*) right to die for one's country. This poet praised Homer for beginning the Iliad \"in medias res.\" For 10 points, name this Roman poet of four books of Odes and a manual of literary theory entitled Ars Poetica.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-930d90e1e2eb45febb398cd123b181cb",
            "input": "According to Turan's Theorem, one of these entities is necessarily formed if four times the number of edges in a graph is greater than the number of vertices squared. Every two-coloring on a complete 6-graph forms two monochrome examples of these entities. Three lines concur in one of these figures if the conditions for Ceva's [\"CHAY-va's] Theorem are met, and the areas of these figures can be found using (*) Heron's formula. The laws of sines and cosines hold true for these shapes, whose areas are equal to base times height over two. For ten points, name these three-sided figures, which come in equilateral and isosceles varieties.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc81325c856d440cba43396da10dc682",
            "input": "adopted lyrics written by Sir Walter Scott, William Smyth, and Robert Burns for his series of Twenty-Five Scottish Songs. This composer inserted the tune \"For He's a Jolly Good Fellow\" in the first movement of a commemoration of the Battle of Vitoria, a piece known as Wellington's Victory or his \"Battle Symphony. \" His piano rondo usually called \"The Rage Over the Lost Penny\" was completed by (*) Anton Diabelli, a composer whose waltz supplied the theme for a set of 33 variations by this man. The most difficult of his piano pieces may be his Hammerklavier Sonata, and he published a series of bagatelles including Fur Elise. For 10 points, name this composer of the Choral, Pastoral and Eroica symphonies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63d643e134d24468972e95b9803a4ba3",
            "input": "It began with the capture of Hangzhou, and ended with the rebellion of Zhu Yuanzhang. During it, a second capital at Khanbalik was established and the project of extending the Great Canal connecting the Yangtze and the Yellow Rivers to that capital was begun. Its first capital had been at Karakorum and this dynasty's name was taken when it's rulers looked outside their own language, taking the Chinese name for \"first. \"  Succeeding the Sung Dynasty and lasting from 1279 to 1368, FTP, identify this period of Mongol rule in China.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3997f639c17f41caae94ff41bbe7a561",
            "input": "Its leader demanded the confiscation of all church lands, and John Ball backed the demand that mandatory work on church lands be ended. Begun in Brentwood, the ruler during this event made several promises at Mile End shortly after the house of his uncle, John of Gaunt, had his palace torched. In the aftermath, the Prior at Bury St. Edmonds was beheaded, and (*) Cambridge University's privileges were handed over to the town. Simon of Sudbury and Sir Robert Hales were killed during it, and its leader was slain at Smithfield. In the build-up to this insurrection, the government attempted to fix maximum wages through the Statute of Laborers. FTP, identify this insurrection brought on by a poll tax, led by Wat Tyler and named for the lower-class citizens who made up its ranks.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37730ca3b8e44a7cb82bc53460394006",
            "input": "This ruler established the School of Languages in his country for the express purpose of training translators for the state educational institutions, and he also opened the first schools of medicine, veterinary medicine, engineering, and chemistry. During the first ten years of his rule, he confiscated the iltizam ulama and introduced the concept of private ownership of land through the taxation of (*) waqf. This man, who grew up in the Greek city of Kavalla, was an ethnic Albanian who assumed his most important position after gaining the support of Ottoman sultan Selim III in the wake of the decisive defeat of Mamluk forces at the Battle of the Pyramids. FTP, name this Egyptian ruler who built the first sustained program in the Middle East of state-sponsored Europeanization of military and education.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a99aae858c284b948eacfb13ad07ec46",
            "input": "One work found in this city depicts a cloaked figure watching a series of people either marching forward, including a group of Roman soldiers, or melting into the sandstone. In addition to Lorado Taft's Fountain of Time, this city is home to a work by John Bradley Storrs depicting the faceless titular goddess holding a bag and several stalks of wheat, Ceres. Another sculpture in this city features two curving red bars arching to the ground after rising from a central mass standing on three irregular quadrilaterals, while another sculpture in this city features two wing-shaped pieces, possibly representing hair, connected to a slender, candlestick-like piece by a series of thin bars. In addition to Flamingo by Alexander Calder and the sculpture by Picasso, this city is home to a large, arched and reflective torus designed by Anish Kapoor. Cloud Gate is located in Millennium Park in, for 10 points, what US city",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dfb4b693aeeb42a6bba319a27ccb9c11",
            "input": "It was formed by the union of Chincasuyu, Antisuyu, Kuntisuyu, and Qullasuyu to form the Tahuantinsuyu, or The Four United Provinces, under the rule of Pachacuti. A later leader, Huayna Capac, divided this empire after his death among his two successors, one of whom was captured and executed by Pizarro despite paying a room full of gold as ransom. That last leader was Atahualpa. For 10 points, identify this empire in South America with capital at Cusco.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-758454b6a12e47ffbf1a5a0b09a3ba9d",
            "input": "The completely black bull Mnewis was regarded as an aspect of this god, who was served by the deity Mehen, and this god is the principal offspring of the ocean goddess Nu. This figures children represent dryness and moisture, and his ba was the Bennu bird. He saved mankind from annihilation by creating 7000 jugs of beer mixed with pomegranate juice to distract the bloodthirsty Sekhmet. Syncretized with Horakhty, this god was the grandfather of Geb and Nut and father of Shu and Tefnut, and he staves off Apep every day while riding his barge. For 10 points, name this Egyptian god often combined with Atum and Amun, the chief solar deity.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-072c451c075b45d2ae0e083fceb1a8d8",
            "input": "When a leader of this city was put on trial, he asked that if he was executed, the inscription read that he was being punished for \"securing liberty\" in a speech that caused his jury to laugh and drop the charges. Pausanias wrote that it built a gigantic lion statue at the site of one of its greatest losses, and the land near this city was called \"the dancing floor of Ares.\" Its greatest power came under leaders such as Pelopidas. This city had a leader slain by Agesilaus II's forces at the Battle of (*) Mantinea. It employed a troop of 150 pairs of male lovers, which was thrashed at the Battle of Chaeronea by Philip II. Under Epaminondas, this city won the Battle of Leuctra against Sparta, and it possessed an elite force called the Sacred Band. For 10 points, name this Greek city mythically founded by Cadmus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-97d308c123ac40be80210dcae8ec22da",
            "input": "This thinker argued that metaphysicians who reify their biases for stable processes into principles that exist \"outside of experience\" commit the \"philosophical fallacy. \" This philosopher distinguished between existential and ideational propositions in Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, and responded to Walter Lippmann's claim that the public could not successfully participate in democracy in The Public and Its Problems. Another of this thinker's works examines the pedagogical theories of Rousseau and Plato, and argues for in favor of experiential, progressive education. For 10 points, name this American pragmatist, the author of Experience and Nature and Democracy and Education.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94bd2d2333194e1aaf18a42e70d4f811",
            "input": "The Wormley House Agreement was made concerning this man's election. Congress overrode a veto by this man to pass a law that would later be replaced by the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, and he was engaged by Argentina to act as an arbitrator following the War of the Triple Alliance. Following this man's presidency, he campaigned vigorously for his army buddy (*) William McKinley in this man's home state of Ohio, and when this man died in 1893, his home became a state park in Fremont. After appointing the Justice who would decide, Plessy v. Furguson, this president ordered troops to fire upon participants of the Great Railroad Strike in 1877. For ten points, name this 19th president of the United States who narrowly defeated Samuel Tilden in the election of 1876.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bbdc1f40f7d04f728f2af36aef638996",
            "input": "During it, stolen mail was stored at Blackhorse Tavern. It began after a meeting at Redstone Fort, included an attack on the slaves of John Neville, and continued after a failed attempt at mediation by Hugh Henry Brackenridge. Its halfhearted leader fled to Louisiana after it was put down by the Watermelon Army, and David Bradford was not convincted for his essentially coerced role in this event. Meriwether Lewis fought in the Virginia militia led by Daniel Morgan which helped end it. FTP, name this uprising put down by Lighthorse Harry Lee and sitting president George Washington, a 1794 protest against Alexander Hamilton's excise tax on spirits.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbf88440eafc4af2a3d7e8881fd87a3a",
            "input": "Velvets gave way to brocades and silks. Darker colors gave way to blues, pinks, and whites. War and religion gave way to a dream world where landscapes always depicted summer; where people flirted or made love; and where flowers, seaweed, and shells were all over the place. Indeed, the name for the movement comes from the French for \"shell. \"  For 10 points, name this 18th century art period, a late phase of, yet somewhat different from, the Baroque.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7bfa21ebf8474a6db2bb194fb64afc85",
            "input": "This body's differential rotation combines with magneto-hydro-dynamic effects to form a magnetic field known as the Parker spiral. Thermal columns in the convection zone cause the granulation of this body. The discovery of flavor oscillation resolved this body's namesake \"neutrino problem. \" \"Bow shock\" is the phenomenon in which the flow of plasma from this body is interrupted by a planetary magnetic field. It creates its namesake \"wind\" as its corona expands into space. For 10 points, name this star that is one astronomical unit away from Earth.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91fce235359f4324a582ea6c9a93d89d",
            "input": "In this novel, one of the principal characters finds great enlightenment after joining the Freemasons, and later he decides to assassinate a foreign leader. Attracted by that character's wealth in this work, Prince Vassily Kuragin gets him to marry his daughter, while his best friend temporary loses his fiance when Ellen's brother Anatole attempts to seduce her. In this novel, after serving General [*] Kutuzov to defend Moscow, Prince Alexey Bolkonsky succumbs to a wound, and his sister later marries Nikolay, while Pierre Bezuhov marries Natasha Rostov. For 10 points, name this novel which depicts the Battle of Borodino and describes Russia during the Napoleonic Era, written by Leo Tolstoy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88629dcbdb3d47a8a6e3f77c4b0ab04b",
            "input": "There is still dispute over the discovery of a Baragwanathia fossil that allegedly lived during this period, as it would indicate the presence of lycophytes during it. Its latter portion saw a temporary reduction in conodonts as part of the Lau event, which occurred before its Pridoli epoch. Baltica's collision with Laurentia resulted in the beginning of the Iapetus Ocean's closure during its Ludlow Epoch, and this period saw the emergence of the first coral reefs. Other developments include the evolution of the first freshwater fish as well as the proliferation of bony and jawless fish coinciding with its significant glacial melt. Also seeing the development of Cooksonia, the first vascular land plants, for 10 points, name this period during the Paleozoic era, in between the Ordovician and Devonian periods.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5dd49a1985e04cd6a0877a58f726c2b3",
            "input": "A straw hat sits atop a young woman's head in this man's sculpture of his future wife Rose Beuret, while another realistic work depicts a Man With a Broken Nose. This artist depicted three identical men in his unfinished The Three Shades, while he was accused of casting from a live model for his realistic statue of nude man with one hand on his head. In addition to sculpting The (*) Age of Bronze and six men with nooses around their necks in The Burghers of Calais, this man included a depiction of Francesca and Paolo kissing in The Gates of Hell. For ten points, name this artist who sculpted a man with his head on his fist in The Thinker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53f59c9692d64ee3aeed53bba1d545a2",
            "input": "Subclasses of this type of object are named for Delta Scuti and W Virginis. Doubly ionized helium converts to singly ionized helium in the atmosphere of these stars as they expand and contract, creating its characteristic \"shark fin\" light curve. Henrietta Leavitt used large populations of these stars in the Magellanic Clouds to develop a (*) period-Luminosity relation for them, and Edwin Hubble used this relationship to calibrate his namesake constant of universe expansion. For 10 points, name this class of intrinsic variable stars used as standard candles .",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a2990772d48240ea9a26014f2f32801d",
            "input": "An early act in this man's reign was to appoint Nebwenenef as high priest of Amon at Thebes. The poem Pen-ta-ur describes his early military experience, and a marriage stele depicts the king of Kheta explaining the advantages of giving his daughter as a wife to this man. His name was found on a record at Nahr al-Kalb where he stopped a campaign one year before his forces marched to the Orontes River. His principal wives were Asetnofret and Nefertari. He may be best known for a battle he lost to Muwatalli and a Hittite force. FTP, name this Nineteenth Dynasty king, who signed a treaty after losing the battle of Kadesh.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-401cea9b6f384f17a8d22c649b2bf400",
            "input": "Eccy de Jonge has written about this philosopher's connection to the environmental concept of Deep Ecology, which topic was also written about by Brenden MacDonald. In one of his works, this man wrote about \"the popular confusion of ready imagination with distinct understanding,\" which section occurs after one discussing \"true ideas,\" which are the instruments of the titular idea. This author of (*) On the Improvement of the Understanding wrote that reason does not preclude God from giving law to mankind in a work which also discussed the relativity of good and evil. This author of Tractatus Theological-Politicus also wrote a work in which the nature of God, the mind, human bondage to the emotions, and the power of understanding, are arranged in a geometric order. For ten points, name this Dutch moral philosopher who wrote Ethics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-adce9a6490f14eb3b253076346d341e6",
            "input": "create disorder in these substances to model a process in which the mean free path of electrons approaches their Fermi wavelength, which causes a metal-to-insulator transition. In addition to their use in the macroscopic modeling of Anderson localization, these substances display a certain effect when a magnet is dragged through them, which decouples the degree of freedom of their constituent parts from the reaction coordinate of those parts. The Hartree free particle is not one of these entities, but does satisfy an equation that models them. That equation adds a coupling term to the Schrodinger equation to model their behavior. A two-dimensional form of these substances is a Tonks-Girardeau gas. These substances form when a bunch of confined integer spin particles collapse to the lowest available quantum state, and were first observed in rubidium atoms by Cornell and Wiemann. For 10 points, name this phase of low-energy matter whose wavefunctions are notably given by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, named for two scientists.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb0027eabbe048a69617444a6791062b",
            "input": "Gaunt coefficients are used to represent scalar coupling when it is lost from cross differentiation, and Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are used for the general addition of this quantity. A paradox named for Feynman involving a coil of wire, through which a current flows, can be resolved by noting the existence of this quantity for static electromagnetic fields. Magnetic field lines reduce this parameter in the Blandford-Znajek process, and when this value is equal to zero, the space-time metric reduces to the Reissner-Nordstrom solutions. Noether's theorem states that if the Lagrangian function is independent of the angle of measurement, then this quantity will be conserved. It can be stated as Iota times Omega, and its time derivative is equal to torque. For 10 points, name this vector quantity that for rotating systems is the product of the moment of inertia and angular velocity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed8fe21a65614b3c919b98a1667fe87b",
            "input": "This painting was parodied in Portrait: Twins, in which Yasumasa Morimura inserted himself into the central role. In its original version, a green curtain is drawn back at the top left corner, and the somewhat surprised woman at the right wears a light pink dress and carries a large floral arrangement. Blue and gold shoes, a gold bracelet, and a black choker are the only clothing worn by the central figure, modeled on prostitute Victorine Meurent. For 10 points, name this reclining nude which shocked the Salon of 1865 and was painted by Edouard Manet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18ff41d43517492e8c1095a91a0578cf",
            "input": "The life of Ferdinand Laysalle inspired this authors novel about Alvan and Julia, The Tragic Comedians. One of this mans poems ends, we drop like the fruits of the tree, / Even we, / Even so; another ends with the image of The army of unalterable law. In addition to Dirge in Woods and Lucifer in Starlight, he wrote By this he knew she wept with waking eyes as the first of 50 16-line sonnets chronicling a failed relationship. One of his novels sees the title character elope with Lucy Desborough, and another sees the title character marry Laetitia Dale after losing the love of Clara Middleton. It was his unhappy first marriage that inspired his sonnet sequence Modern Love. FTP, name this author of The Ordeal of Richard Feverel who wrote about Sir Willoughby Patterne in The Egoist.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1b60bbc5f3d4917b65c597dcc2313f5",
            "input": "In a house on Usher's Island, the protagonist of this story worries that his quoting from Robert Browning in his after-dinner speech will be over the listeners' heads. However, his metaphor of the Three Graces is well received by Aunts Julia and Kate, as well as Mary Jane. The climax is reached when the singing of \"The Lass of Aughrim\" causes Gretta to remember her old lover, Michael Furey, and the sight of snowflakes outside the window brings an epiphany to Gabriel Conroy. FTP, name this last story in Dubliners, written by James Joyce.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f87a954fe7264dacaaa06b76618ac28f",
            "input": "One aspect of this god attempted to shoot the sun with an arrow but ended up shooting himself. Temples to another of his aspects were constructed as cylinders in order to reduce wind resistance. Also known by the calendar name \"One Reed\", he used his blood and the ground bones of four previous races of man to construct the humans of the fifth age. This deity once drunkenly slept with either a temple priestess or his own sister, then burned himself to death, due to the machinations of a fellow son of (*) Ometeotl. His heart became the morning star, while the evening star was represented by his dog-headed skeletal psychopomp brother Xolotl. For 10 points, Hernan Cortes is not to be confused with which rival of Tezcatlipoca, an Aztec god usually represented as a feathered serpent",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05f6aaabb2d342fa909479e65e4dfa01",
            "input": "One character in this work, which takes place in rooms formerly owned by Jack Straw and Peter Ochello, tells a joke about a carnal elephant after hearing his wife yell crap. Another character has broken his ankle running hurdles and declares that hes disgusted with the worlds mendacity. That character feels guilt after rejecting the homosexual advances of his friend Skipper, which led to his alcoholism. Maggie warns that character that Mae and Gooper plan to send him to a facility for alcoholics to cash in on the death of Big Daddy, who has recently been diagnosed with cancer. For 10 points, name this play about the family of Brick Pollitt by Tennessee Williams.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07364bf110ff44a99c5ffb333f75c85b",
            "input": "This man abandoned the notion of collective conscience in favor of collective representations. He differentiated material from non-material social fact, and posited that totemism is the most elementary level of religion. He divided the main characteristic of religion between sacred and profane, and contrasted organic and mechanical solidarity in The Division of Labor in Society. For 10 points, name this author of The Elementary Forms of Religious Life who described altruistic, egoistic, anomic, and fatalistic types of the title action in Suicide.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a2a94cdaa454c849776cd65c365860f",
            "input": "A bunch of bananas dominate the lower right of a work of this artist in which a distant train pulls into the title Montparnasse Station. This artist of a portrait of Clarice Lispector who signed much of his work \"Pictor Optimus\" also wrote a novel about a lonely wonderer named Hebdomeros, the Metaphysician. A framed blueprint of a building's interior dominates one of his landscapes which include the backside of a sculpture and floating dummy's head, a meme that returns in a painting in which a red, white, yellow, and black rectangular solid is considered by the statue like title characters. This painter of The Double Dream of Spring and The Disquieting Muses also painting a work that includes an open wagon and a silhouette of a girl rolling a hoop through a deserted city road street. For 10 points name this Italian surrealist painter of Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2992433f73c41e4b39197b40e6d8e04",
            "input": "This element is found with silicon in the mineral pentlandite and with silicon and iron in pyrrhoite. Usually forming compounds in the +2 oxidation state, the +3 state also exists, as seen in its black oxide. It is a highly effective catalyst, especially in a spongy form known as the \"Raney\" catalyst, and it is often purified by the Mond process. FTP, what is this silvery metallic transition element with atomic number 28 and symbol Ni",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7191fd67fc53450d964676327c49d1c7",
            "input": "The aristocratic Fourteen Families survived the crash of this country's indigo industry by slavedriving their way into coffee-producing wealth, while its natoional tradition venerates the Pipil warriors who repelled Pedro de Alvorado. Occult enthusiast Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez responded to Farabundo Marti's 1932 peasant uprising in this country by initiating a brutally systematic mass murder of its citizens known as \"the slaughter, or la matanza. Roberto D'Aubuisson, the founder of this country's ARENA party, was revealed to be incurably genocidal and implicated in the deaths of Rutilio Grande and Archbishop Oscar Romero. Tensions over the border near the Gulf of Fonseca were ignited by a 1970 FIFA qualifying match, leading this country and Honduras to fight the soccer war. For 10 points, name this Central American country with capital at San Salvador.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-510ec9a7ad01476da1d85d410359d4ca",
            "input": "A member of this tribe led forces in the Wagoner massacre of black haycutters. A chief of a splinter faction of this tribe was known as \"Nimrod Smith.\" Another member was blamed for the death of Deputy Marshal Daniel Maples, triggering \"Ned Christie's War.\" A white man who joined this tribe and became chief was named William Holland Thomas. It published a newspaper called the Phoenix. The final Confederate general to surrender in the field was part of this tribe; that man, Stand Watie, was the younger brother of the assassinated Elias Boudinot. It was divided into a faction led by Major Ridge and one led by John Ross. Samuel Worcester was a missionary to this tribe, whose actions prompted a Supreme Court case. For 10 points, name this American Indian tribe which signed the Treaty of New Echota before being removed westward on the Trail of Tears.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6baa334ee1474c7f9965ea1c9a4c79e0",
            "input": "In liquids and gases, the birefringence of light in the presence of a transverse one of these entities is known as the Cotton-Mouton and Voigt effects, respectively. Small ones can be measured by superconducting quantum interference devices. There are plateaus in the plot of the Hall voltage versus this quantity. Spectral lines are split in the presence of one of these in the Zeeman effect. The force on a current-carrying wire is equal to the product of current, wire length, and the magnitude of this field, which is measured in units of teslas. For 10 points, name this type of field that is created by a moving charge and whose lines are continuous, unlike electric fields.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19bd9d62e8a14103af42c06231a274d3",
            "input": "This device is first used in Model 85 of the IBM System/360 product line. It is often used hierarchically, with architectures ranging from strictly inclusive to exclusive. They can range from fully associative over N-way associative to direct mapped, with the fully associative versions often smaller in size and direct mapped versions larger because of production cost issues. A benchmark of it is its miss rate, which is roughly inversely proportional with its size. Replacement of data can be least recently used for the direct mapped versions, but is often random for fully associative versions. Modern CPUs have several levels of it, ranging from L1, L2 to sometimes even L3, and it can be several MB in size. FTP, name this device used to store temporary data for faster write and retrieval.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5d200ce09344dc89bd41bd0fc54a844",
            "input": "This man's rise to his first important position of power was supported by the Party of Order, and his trusted advisors included the authoritarian Eugene Rouher and the liberal Duke of Morny. Under this ruler, the minister of education Victor Duruy actively fought clerical influence, and this man entered into talks with the president of Equador about creating a \"Kingdom of the Andes. \" Together with Camilo Cavour, this man concluded the secret agreement of Plombiers, and assistance to the Piedmontese in the victory over Austria at the Battle of Solferino resulted in the Peace of Villafranca. The affair of the Hohenzollern candidacy led him to instigate a war which ended when he was captured at the Battle of Sedan, after which this man was deposed and the Third Republic proclaimed. For ten points, identify this man who became president on the abdication of Louis-Philippe and who ruled from 1852 until 1873 as the last French Emperor.\r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2e2ace79d314ec6a20a2c85defe10a4",
            "input": "One character in this work buys muriatic acid to prepare aqua regia in order to gold-plate keys, while another character rolls around in that acid with her Belgian aviator husband, Gaston. An Italian dance teacher in this work who arrives to tune the pianola, Pietro Crespi, becomes the love interest of both Rebeca and Amaranta. The seventeen illegitimate sons of one character are killed after Ash Wednesday crosses become permanent on their foreheads, and the central familys downfall is predicted by the gypsy Melquiadess manuscript. For 10 points, name this work featuring Don Arcadio and Colonel Aureliano, a work set in Macondo about the Buendias, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9c122ea58e3446cb663f7d537a489d9",
            "input": "Antonio Buero Vallejo wrote a play about this painting that shares its title. The most important commentaries on are those of Sir Kenneth Clark and Michel Foucault, whose take on it can be found in his book The Order of Things. The ceiling of the room in which it is set has two mounts for chandeliers that do not appear in the painting. In the rear are two large but unintelligible paintings above a mirror in which two people can be seen. In the right front corner stand two dwarves and a dog, while on the left stands the artist himself with a red cross on his chest, in the act of painting. In the foreground is the Infanta, surrounded by the titular servants. FTP, name this painting of the Spanish court by Diego Velzquez.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-654cf783c42749318eb11585e1ddf3ad",
            "input": "At the end of this plays first scene, one character slaps her maid Flipotte and calls her a slut after defending the main character. Another character is incriminated by documents in Argas strongbox, and is given a notice of eviction by the bailiff Monsieur Loyal, which finally sways Madame Pernelles opinion. Throughout this play, Clante and Damis warn about the protagonists true nature, which is revealed by his pursuit of Elmire. In the second act, Mariane is ordered to marry the title character by Orgon, who took the title character into his house after being impressed by his loud prayers in church. FTP, name this play about a religious hypocrite, a work by Moliere.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8732cc342d3e44ef93d2e56e539eec16",
            "input": "This musician sang duets like \"Let's Call the Whole Thing Off\" with Ella Fitzgerald and recorded albums with his \"Hot Five\" and \"Hot Seven\" bands. He sang \"It's so nice to have you back where you belong\" in one song, and described \"Bright blessed days\" and \"dark sacred nights\" in another song. (*) For 10 points, what jazz trumpeter, nicknamed \"Satchmo\" sang \"Hello, Dolly!\" and \"What a Wonderful World\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e30776e16334cc3b8f040edf38302ab",
            "input": "In 1997 Edwin Hall wrote a book about this work which discussed the inclusion of St. Margaret emerging from the belly of a dragon, which can be seen carved above the back of a chair, to argue that Erwin Panofsky's influential interpretations are too simplistic. Commissioned by its subject, a counselor to the Duke of Burgundy who made his money as a silk merchant, the year and the artist's signature can be seen above the mirror whose reflection depicts the artist himself. That artist would go on to paint other famous portraits like The Madonna with the Chancellor Rolin. Filled with details like a lit candle, a little dog, and a pair of discarded clogs, FTP, identify this work that depicts a man dressed in dark heavy wool and a big hat holding the hand of his betrothed, a painting by Jan van Eyck.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6cb62ed4cd84628a2a0ebd3dadc4630",
            "input": "A popular liberal leader of this country is the namesake of a terrorist group in this country known as the AVC, whose name declares that leader \"lives, dammit!\" This country's president Ignacio de Veintemilla was opposed by the journalist Juan Montalvo, whose writings are said to have influenced the assassination of a conservative president of this country. For much of the 20th century, this country was led by the five-time president Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, and its other presidents include the aforementioned Eloy Alfaro and Gabriel Garcia Moreno. This modern-day country was the site of a meeting between Bolivar and San Martin, which took place in the same year as the Battle of Pichincha, which also happened here. For 10 points, name this country currently led by Rafael Correa, which is the site of the location of the Guayaquil Conference, and which has its capital at Quito.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa821118fcbb486d98ffef4ce03f541b",
            "input": "This number is the dimension of the phase space of a free particle confined to a plane. For the Earth-Sun system, the Lagrange point of this number is the furthest from the Sun. One statement given this number describes the areal velocity of a certain system as constant. The spin projection quantum number has this many possible values. Systems with more than this number of gravitating bodies are non-integrable. The moment of inertia is proportional to mass times this power of linear dimension. This number of parallel lines represents a capacitor in a circuit diagram. For 10 points, which numbered law of Newton states that \"F equals m a\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3eceeb407d6d4dc4b6ff0dbddfa26bf2",
            "input": "One character in this work disguises herself as the Queen of Fairies in order to con a character who is later blindfolded and gagged with gingerbread. One character is disguised as a Spanish Don, who takes a walk with the sister of Young Kastril. One character's goods are contracted for purchase by Ananias of Amsterdam and (*) Tribulation Wholesome, while the Spaniard is in fact Pertinax Surly, friend of Sir Epicure Mammon. Abel Drugger loses his wife, Dame Pliant, to Face, but Face gives her up to his master Lovewit to save his own hide, though Dol Common and Subtle are not so lucky. Focusing on a fake philosopher's stone, for 10 points, name this Ben Jonson drama.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ac95d3b29c24318879e48f15f23ae82",
            "input": "This architect designed a museum that was eighty percent inside a mountain forcing him to carve a tunnel through the mountain for the entrance. Along with the Miho Museum, he designed a glass pavilion that would let in light meant to symbolize hope for the JFK Presidential Library. Another building is coated in white metal and includes a giant cylinder standing above Lake Erie. A different work by this architect was added onto a building by John Russell Pope. In addition to designing the John Hancock Building and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, this architect is famous for a large structure in the Cour Napolean. For 10 points, name this architect of the East Wing of the National Gallery and the Glass Pyramid at the Louvre.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a74c257e15194656b6a1aa8955589e0a",
            "input": "The Miyaura Reaction specifically involves synthesis of compounds with this element, and Suzuki coupling occurs between halides and organic acids of this element. One organic reaction involving this element was partly developed by Herbert Brown and is a two-step reaction which often uses the solvent THF. It proceeds in an anti-Markovnikov fashion in which the compound containing this element adds across the double bond, producing an alcohol after the second step of oxidation. Originally discovered by Humphrey Davy, FTP, name this element which has one electron in its 2p shell, thus making its atomic number 5.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00a28ab49c3f4f1fa5e41ee193573a48",
            "input": "In the wake of this battle, a pursuing group of victors were ambushed and killed near an area known as The Malfosse. One side's troops consisted of a select number of Huscarls, or professional soldiers, while the majority of their forces were peasantry called Fyrd. That side attempted to form a shield wall to hold off the enemy's cavalry, but those forces, loyal to Harold Godwinson, were defeated by the Norman invaders under William the Conqueror. For 10 points, name this 1066 battle fought in Britain.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-59ac18c8a19c493d9c484ff95618ade6",
            "input": "One episode in this novel sees a man decide to stop praying after he bonks his nose on the ground and precious gems fall out of it. The protagonist's grandparents met because he was her doctor, but he was only allowed to see various parts of her body through a sheet with a small hole cut in it. The protagonist's wife is referred to as a \"dung princess,\" and another character married to Wee Willie Winkie dies after childbirth. Mary Pereira causes the central child-swapping in this work, which includes characters like William Methwold, Aadam Aziz, and the Brass Monkey. For 10 points, name this novel about Saleem Sinai, who was born at the title hour, by Salman Rushdie.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-179c46f79d244f758872661b7dbabe4c",
            "input": "After a request from Antoine Gambaud [gam-BO], he began a correspondence with Fermat to establish a new field of mathematics. Throughout this foundation, this mathematician and philosopher relied on a preexisting arrangement of numbers, which gave coefficients to the types of equations with which he dealt. FTP, name this philosopher author of Penses and Provincial Letters, and mathematician, whose co-founding of probability employed a triangle now named in honor of him.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b581330b08304221900b2e4c851cff9e",
            "input": "An alternation between pizzicato and bowed melodies opens the \"Assez vif et bien rythme\" second movement of this composer's String Quartet in G minor. Another of his works largely consists of parallel thirds marked con sordina, and is part of a suite that also includes a \"Menuet\" and \"Passepied.\" Vaslav Nijinsky caused controversy by appearing to masturbate during a ballet inspired by one of this composer's pieces. His best-known short piano piece was inspired by a Paul Verlaine poem about moonlight and is part of Suite Bergamasque. For 10 points, name this French composer of Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun and \"Clair de Lune.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63552e0ccffb4612a9689f9466392de9",
            "input": "One of this author's works opens with a stick fight involving Kamau, a character who turns his father's resentment into murderous rage against the protagonist, the radically Christian Joshua. Another of this author's characters has plastic surgery to make his eyes the size of light bulbs to better serve a man constructing \"Marching To Heaven,\" the ruler of Aburiria. This author of The Black Hermit, This Time Tomorrow, and The River Between wrote of Jezebel and her wife John, who try to exploit the farmworkers (*) Kiguunda and Wangeci, in a work about Gathoni, who utters the titular phrase. Njoroge is the protagonist of his Weep Not, Child, while I Will Marry When I Want earned a trip to prison for this author, who wrote of Kihika's betrayal to the British by Mugo his best-known work. After mercifully swearing off English writing, this man reworked all of his texts into Kikuyu, including Petals of Blood. FTP, identify this author of A Grain of Wheat, a writer from Kenya.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7bc775ef59945b1b7a181a2014a9ec3",
            "input": "In 1751, he wrote \"Letter on the Deaf and Dumb\" which studied the function of language, while two years later he published \"An Essay on Blindness\" which advocated teaching the blind to read a century before Braille. Notable plays include \"The Test of Virtue\" and \"The Father of the Family\", and his theories on drama advocating greater realism on the stage greatly influenced Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. He wrote the philosophical treatise \"D'Alembert's Dream\" and collaborated with D'Alembert to compile a work which would bring out the essential principles and applications of every art and science. FTP, who is mainly known for \"The Encyclopedie. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30d32555ea904f9b8478d64d14c5e99e",
            "input": "This phenomenon, along with the Caporael Dilemna, is part of a broader idea studied by Karau and Williams, which Rothwell claimed could be combated with the Three Cs. Tice and Baumeister hypothesized that it is influenced by personality and Philip Beaman suggested combating it by teaching people psychology. Russell Clark and Larry Word performed one study on it involving electric wire. Another was done by John Darley and Bibb Latane, who suggests that it has an implicit type. One study involved people listening to a cassette tape in front of microphones, which were supposedly turned off until their turn to talk, while another likened this phenomenon to social diffusion and involved smoke-filled rooms and seizures. Most closely associated with Kitty Genovese and her murder, it is a form of social loafing. FTP, name this effect where people fail to intervene in crises on the assumption that someone else will.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8c7502dffcbe46a38470db6a4ba38dba",
            "input": "One work from this nation includes a scene in which Polda and Pauline listen to the Father's Treatises on Tailor's Dummies after Adela scares a group of birds out of the attic. That novel is Bruno Schulz's Street of Crocodiles. This nation is the setting of a novel in which the magician Pimko transforms a 30-year old man named Joey into a schoolboy. A Nobel-winner from this nation wrote a trilogy set here that includes the novels The Deluge and With Fire and Sword. That author used Nero's Rome as a setting for a novel about the love of Marcus Vinicius for Ligia. For 10 points, name this home country of Ferdydurke author Witold Gombrowicz and Quo Vadis author Henryk Sinkiewicz [sine-kav-itch].",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e485a66a8a824ebbb01b942995240197",
            "input": "In one section of this work, a soprano sings of a girl in a red dress standing still, while another section requires a baritone to sing the lament of a swan roasting on a spit in falsetto. This work contains an instrumental round dance in its third section, \"In the Meadow.\" The penultimate piece of this work, \"Ave formosissima,\" extolls the beauty of Blanchfleur and Helen. In addition to containing a movement titled \"The Court of Love,\" this work ends and begins with a complaint about a certain \"Imperatrix Mundi\" that controls the fate of men. For 10 points, name this cantata that features \"O Fortuna,\" the best-known work by Carl Orff.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dde4c18d473c42c1828ce0f0a117fd39",
            "input": "King Emeric of Hungary was one of its targets. A meeting between Philip of Swabia and Boniface of Montferrat may have helped bring it about, as it has been argued that Philip intended to return a pretender from the Angelus family to the throne. Its beginnings could be found in a tournament at cry, where Fulk of Neuilly preached, and it is also suggested that the blinding of Enrico Dandolo and his subsequent vendetta may have inspired it. It is remembered mostly from the works of Nicetas Choniates and Geoffrey of Villehardouin [vee-hahrd-whan], who was one of the Franks involved in it. It began with an invasion of the Adriatic city of Zara, and ended with the establishment of the Latin Empire under Baldwin of Flanders. FTP name this crusade that saw the Venetians and Franks capture Constantinople.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1de13d44ffd1470a85f43968186f5484",
            "input": "These organelles contain a protein called trigger factor that aid their function, and they bind a namesake recycling factor upon carrying out their function. The activity of these organelles can be muted by chloramphenicol. The G-protein EF-G mimics the structure of molecules usually found in this organelle. Those molecules, which are brought to this organelle by EF-Tu, are produced by the enzyme aaRS, and the fact that these organelles can yield variable results is part of the wobble hypothesis. One of those molecules bound to an initiator fMet makes its way into the P-site of this organelle and interacts with another molecule in the A-site to generate a nascent peptide chain. For 10 points, name these organelles that function on mRNA and stud rough ER, the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22f47a629607487e86e494ecce43a2a9",
            "input": "This painter's aesthetic ideal centered on emphasizing S-shaped \"lines of beauty.\" In one work, this artist showed a boy inserting an arrow into a dog's rectum, and he later showed that same character being dissected on a surgeon's table. In another painting, he showed a portrait of a woman with a squirrel on her hand, to the left of which a philandering lawyer exits a window in his nightshirt. This painter depicted a figure who escapes Welsh bailiffs aboard a sedan chair, is incarcerated in Fleet debtor's prison, and eventually goes mad in Bedlam. For 10 points, name this English artist of The Four Stages of Cruelty, Marriage a-la-Mode, and A Rake's Progress.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8cf3715baac4f5a817fe02e4112f44f",
            "input": "This substance is dissolved in alcohol, then placed on concrete, in a test to measure carbonation depth. The peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of this molecule provides the basis for the Kastle-Meyer test. It was replaced by bisacodyl in the laxative Correctol shortly before FDA reports confirmed its carcinogenicity. This molecule's most notable property occurs due to interconversion between a lactone structure and one containing a quinoid ring. It is synthesized by reacting phenol molecules with phthalic anhydride in the presence of hot sulfuric acid. For 10 points, name this \"universal indicator\" that is colorless in acidic solution and pink or purple in basic solution.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1468ed24fcf4ff189829db96a913178",
            "input": "According to Livy, this man's childhood sport was using his toy sceptre to behead tall poppies, a habit he carried into adulthood, as when his son asked him how to make the Gabians submit. He married one of his sons to the daughter of Octavian Mamilius of Tusculum and he leveled the top of the Tarpeian Rock overlooking the Forum. After he twice refused to pay an exorbitant fee, six of the nine Sybilline books were burned before he agreed to buy them, and this son of Tanaquil took power from his father-in-law Servius Tullius. After his exile, he was aided by Lars Porsenna, and that exile had its origin in the stupidity of his son Sextus, who after spying on the women of Rome, decided to rape a kinsman of Lucius Junius Brutus, Lucretia. For 10 points, name this son of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, the last of the seven Roman emperors.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac59af913cca40f89fd0dee0ee69dad5",
            "input": "Friar Valverde allegedly gave this person a Bible, but this man didn't know how to open a book, and threw it at the Friar's face. This son of Paccha was the highest-ranking casualty in the so-called War of the Two Brothers. His downfall was chronicled by Garcilaso de la Vega, and this man was supposed to be traded for the \"ransom room\" full of precious metals, but the Europeans reneged and had him strangled instead. After his defeat at Cajamarca, his half-brother Husacar was installed as a puppet ruler. For 10 points, name this man who was defeated by Francisco Pizarro, the last king of the Incans.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-169c7c7ce19d42cf838748fed920657d",
            "input": "This man was challenged to a duel involving Trichinella-infested sausages by Rudolf Virchow, which he declined. Sickness and old age insurance laws were passed under his \"practical Christianity\" program. Adalbert Falk administered several restrictions on the clergy that Virchow termed the May Laws, which were part of this man's (*) Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church. He gave the \"Blood and Iron\" speech in support of a larger war budget, which was used for conflicts that he instigated through a dispute over Schleswig Holstein and by editing the Ems dispatch. For ten points, name this \"Iron Chancellor\" who helped unify Germany in the 19th century.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebad9752a52c49b59f2e87b9bab0acd2",
            "input": "Usually produced in a solvent such as diethyl ether or THF, these have the disadvantage of reacting in protic solvents. Used in the Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis and the Barbier reaction, their importance lies in their reactivity with carbonyl compounds as they are highly effective reducing agents. For ten points, name this organomagnesium halide compounds created by and named for the winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56220c679d47411496d75f7762c5d844",
            "input": "This compound promotes the dephosphorylation and activation of enzyme HMG-CoA to favor cholesterol synthesis and a phenylalanine for leucine substitution at residue B25 results in its \"Chicago\" variety. Its biosynthesis involves an excision of the C-peptide, and the compound functions by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors on cell surfaces. Sanger's improvement upon the methods of Edman degradation involved its sequencing, and its production occurs primarily in beta cells on the islets of langerhans. For ten points, name this pancreatic counterpart of glucagon used to regulate blood sugar, deficiencies of which are found in sufferers of diabetes.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d915f83297d842eb98b255c447145b23",
            "input": "This country's town of Batopilas once contained lucrative silver mines. Multiple classical capital cities in this country have gone by the title \"Tollan,\" meaning \"among the reeds.\" This country and its northern neighbor engaged in the long-simmering Chamizal border dispute over land created by a shifting riverbed. The Fuertes River cuts through Copper Canyon in this country, whose citizens call the river demarcating much of its northern border the Rio Bravo del Norte. The Pyramids of the Sun and Moon and the Avenue of the Dead are found in this country's ancient city of Teotihuacan. For 10 points, name this country home of the cities of Guadalajara and Cancun.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca67a62880244116895cf55afe6ed6b4",
            "input": "Taking the benefactor Mr. Norton to a meeting with Jim Trueblood, who has impregnated his own daughter, gets the narrator of this novel expelled from college. Earlier, he and other young men are taunted by men who insist they look at a naked woman with an American flag painted on her body and then are shocked by a current running through a rug on which money is strewn. His eulogy for Tod Clifton, who had been selling Sambo dolls, gets the narrator in trouble with the Brotherhood, who had planned for a race riot to be begun by Ras the Exhorter all along. This occurs in, FTP, what 1953 work which is the only completed novel published in the lifetime of Ralph Ellison",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a0274fdbe484c839b7e18ad50459d8b",
            "input": "A building at the University of Sheffield was designed as a half-scale version of it, and one of its corridors contains backdrops for The Three-Cornered Hat, painted by Picasso. The Lever House sits right across the street from it, and this structure is also notable for its tinted windows, whose blinds have only three settings. The entrance to it contains Alexander Calders Ordinary, and Mark Rothko provided paintings for the Four Seasons restaurant located here. Located at 375 Park Avenue and standing at 38 stories, FTP, name this New York City International Style Skyscraper by Phillip Johnson and Mies Van Der Rohe and commissioned by Phillys Lambert.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe59dc5b82f94735af07df5123816373",
            "input": "George Barnard's statue of this person in Cincinnati was derided as \"\"the stomach-ache statue,\"\" and was passed over in favor of a statue of him by Augustus St. Gaudens for Parliament Square, London. Above an inscription noting that his memory is \"\"enshrined forever,\"\" one can see a statue of him by (*) Daniel Chester French. For 10 points, name this President, depicted by Gutzon Borglum as the rightmost figure on Mount Rushmore, as well as in a seated position at his namesake Washington \"memorial.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-61475298831841968fa14734a01d34f5",
            "input": "Dutee Pierce was made Speaker of the House during this event, which was foreshadowed by the Burrill oration. After an attack on the Cranston Street arsenal, Dr. Francis Wayland and Mark Tucker delivered sermons calling this event's leader a dangerous dissident. The organizers of this event were persecuted by the Algerine law. To defend themselves from this event, a number of citizens fortified the Holder Block in Market Square, which proved unnecessary since the prosecutors of this event were holed up in Chepachet trying to \"reconvene the People's Convention. \" \"Chartites\" like Crawford Allen and Samuel Ward King supported the Freemen's Constitution during this event, which led to the case of Luther v. Borden. For 10 points, name this rebellion for universal male suffrage that took place in 1844 in Rhode Island.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34623bf09639418dbc45b0469866be3a",
            "input": "This psychologist rose to fame with the article \"Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations\", based upon his experiences as a prisoner at Dachau and Buchenwald, but his reputation suffered after his death when it was revealed that he had fabricated his doctorate from the University of Vienna and that he had abused and misdiagnosed patients while head of the University of Chicago's Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School. FTP, name this author of Children of the Dream, Truants from Life, and Love Is Not Enough, best known for his work concerning emotionally disturbed children.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-166bb2ea3874425d91e7d14d8b7903ad",
            "input": "This work's text was strongly influenced by Gazzaniga's Convitato di pietra, which appeared eleven years before it. One character sings \"Ah, pity me, my lords\" after being confused for the title character, in an incident that also leads Ottavio to sing \"My Treasure\" about his beloved Anna, whose father was killed at the beginning of Act I. The peasant Zerlina often has to pacify Masetto's anger at the title figure, while Donna Elvira is informed of the title character's exploits by Leporello in the \"Catalogue\" aria. For 10 points, name this opera ending with the statue of Anna's father, the Commendatore, dragging the titular seducer to Hell, composed by Mozart.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-60c5a5edfce7430792c4dc398ef658c7",
            "input": "Hes not Salinger, but he reminisces about an eccentric Swiss governess in Mademoiselle O, one of his Nine Stories, and he later added a story concluding with two telephone calls asking for Charlie as well as three other stories for his namesake Dozen. He left The Original of Laura unfinished at his death, so barring the resolution of a legal dispute Look at the Harlequins! may be his last novel. His title characters include Timofey Pavlovich, a professor at Waindell College, and a nymphet that entrances Humbert Humbert. For 10 points, identify this lepidopterist who authored Pnin and Lolita.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57ecddcf0dcc494bb435a4a0bf9a215d",
            "input": "By policy design, this persons tenure has seen the number of so-called ABCs drastically drop as a fraction of the population. This leaders most recent election victory was over the candidate of the A New Era coalition and governor of Zulia, Manuel Rosales. The system of mercales his government has created has been facing shortages of meat and sugar in recent months. The head of the only member of OPEC in the Western hemisphere, he recently claimed that one of his political opponents smelled like sulfur. For ten points, name this current president of Venizuela, noted for his anti-American stances on a variety of things.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-41404ce0e9ce436b9f9e4409da1e2715",
            "input": "This work may have been inspired by El Greco's The Opening of the Fifth Seal and Cezanne's The Bathers, while a split between the artist and Fernande Olivier may have resulted in a repainting of two of the work's figures. Given its current name by Andr Salmon, the bottom of the painting depicts grapes and an apple, which are surrounded by the eponymous women. The artist has denied any influence from Africa, despite the mask-like appearance of two of the five nude female figures. For 10 points, name this work housed in the Museum of Modern Art and originally entitled The Brothel by Pablo Picasso.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e6ecf85c65b44f6b9bae874ac2faa14",
            "input": "This figures wife was accused of being Ethiopian by his siblings, after which his sister was stricken with leprosy for seven days. He gained that wife by defeating some shepherds at a well, thus defending the honor of the daughters of the Midianite Jethro. His son Gershom was sent home along with Zipporah when the angel of death came down. His sister was Miriam and his brother, owner of a blooming staff, was Aaron. For ten points, name this Hebrew who paved the way for his people through the Red Sea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f65c4a7025345a7b6359ca15fb4ae83",
            "input": "In 2012, researchers at Case Western Reserve University announced a potential to cure this condition using the cancer drug Bexarotene. Sufferers of this condition experience a buildup of beta amyloid plaques, and debate has long occurred over whether consumption of aluminum contributes to this disease. Most people afflicted with Down syndrome develop the \"early onset\" form of this disease first identified by a namesake German doctor. For 10  points, name this form of dementia most often characterized by memory loss in the elderly.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f5cc86dc18947d98462a32a47564147",
            "input": "His opus 113 is a collection of four pieces for viola and piano entitled Mrchenbilder. More famous is a song cycle in which the singer's final word falls on a half-diminished ii6/5 [two six five] chord, giving way to an extended piano postlude in the parallel major of the main key of the final song, \"Die alten, bsen Lieder. \" \"Ich grolle nicht\" is another movement of that cycle, Dichterliebe. This composer also wrote a piano piece whose first movement alludes to Beethoven's An die ferne Geliebte and a collection whose most famous piece is \"Trumerei. \" FTP, identify this composer who, in addition to Fantasy in C and Scenes from Childhood, wrote the \"Rhenish\" and \"Spring\" symphonies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fff29d66de114c00bd50c12e290db39c",
            "input": "One of this author's works argues that \"political emancipation\" is compatible with religion, but blocks\\n the fulfillment of \"human emancipation.\" In another of his works, he developed his theory of \"base and\\n superstructure.\" This opponent of Bruno Bauer wrote that \"Philosophers have only interpreted the world;\\n the point is to change it\" in his Theses on Feuerbach, as well as writing On the Jewish Question. Another\\n of his works argues that a commodity attains value through the amount of labour put into it. For 10 points,\\n name this German philosopher who, along with Engels, wrote Das Kapital.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d8b3954110d4333a7670fc25be8c800",
            "input": "He's not Jacque Louis-David (dah-VEED), but this man painted some men taking an oath by crossing their swords with a one-eyed Batavian chieftain in his The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis. He also painted a Babylonian king watching as a disembodied hand writes illuminated Hebrew letters upon a wall. Other works by this painter of Belshazzar's Feast show a cadaver being cut open by Dr. Nicolaes Tulp and the shooting company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this Dutchman who painted The Anatomy Lesson and The Night Watch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10e0d9b1531941ff86d907e1a8136538",
            "input": "In a work dedicated to the \"\"season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,\"\" this poet asked \"\"where are the songs of spring\"\" This poet asked \"\"what maidens loth\"\" and \"\"what mad pursuit\"\" in a poem dedicated to a \"\"still unravish'd bride of quietness. \"\" In that poem, this poet of \"\"To Autumn\"\" claimed that (*) \"\"all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know\"\" is that \"\"beauty is truth, truth beauty. \"\" For 10 points, name this Romantic British poet who wrote \"\"Ode on a Grecian Urn. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0e8cbe92a984433b6e128d08a320d7b",
            "input": "A drunken scene follows a singing contest in this authors story The Singer. Five boys guarding horses tell ghost stories around a fire in another of his stories called Bezhin Lea. Liza joins a convent after the appearance of Lavretskys supposed-dead wife in one of his novels, while Elenas interaction with a Bulgarian patriot forms the basis of another of his works. This author of Home of the Gentry and On the Eve also wrote about Natashas failed love with the title nobleman in Rudin, as well as an account about a man bed-ridden in Sheeps Springs with only two weeks to live, Chulkaturin. For 10 points, name this author of Diary of a Superfluous Man, A Sportsmans Sketches, and a novel about Arkardy Kirsanov and the nihilist Bazarov, Fathers and Sons.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5607359780d4eb6a2d852011ec1a106",
            "input": "This island's Danum Valley Conservation Area is the only known home of the spectacled flowerpecker. Anthony Brooke was the heir apparent to the White Rajahs, a dynasty of Englishmen who controlled a kingdom on this island from 1841 to 1946. The Mahakam River flows past the city of Samarinda before emptying into the Makassar Strait, which separates Sulawesi from this island. The southern portion of this island is known as Kalimantan, and its northern portion contains the states of Sabah and Sarawak and an independent kingdom ruled by a sultan. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian island divided between Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9776036fe874c67952c605606121e1d",
            "input": "Andrew Jackson dispatched him to South Carolina during the nullification crisis in case open hostilities broke out. He was captured during the Battle of Queenston Heights and later led the Americna forces at Lundy's Lane, but he became embroiled in a discipline controversy after winning at Molino del Rey, Churubusco, Cerro Gordo, and Chapultepec. He later became the first lieutenant general since Washington and joined Henry Clay as the only major-party nominees born in Virginia to lose a Presidential race. FTP, name this officer called \"Old Fuss and Feathers\" who was defeated by Franklin Pierce in the 1852 election.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-caa3c690b32349e4a0db146bd9f3745b",
            "input": "In 1442, he and his brother Radu were sent as hostages to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans under Murad II would put him on his father's throne but it wasn't until 1456 when he finally succeeded in overthrowing his cousin and rival Vladislav II. One story goes that his subjects were so afraid of him that they did not disturb a cup of solid gold reserved for thirsty travelers in the Square of Targoiste. His subjects were right to be intimidated, as he had many boyars slaughtered using his preferred method, impalement. For 10 points name this Prince of Wallachia believed to have inspired Bram Stoker's Dracula.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79326ead26a5410cb2ef2477449e0fe7",
            "input": "man designed the city of Chandigarh in India in the 1950s. He also wrote a set of essays on architecture in his Towards an Architecture. For 15 points, identify this Swiss architect who designed the Notre dame du Haut and the Villa Savoye, wherein he implemented his five point system of architecture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06cac0ba99b94e22bfb9fef1bfefd0ac",
            "input": "thinker used the term \"hexis\" to describe acquired characteristics that must be maintained, like health and virtue. In one work, he argued that the highest virtue is thoughtful wisdom. In another work, this author discussed the ideal \"complex\" plot that incorporates reversals, recognitions, and suffering. This man's treatise on \"being qua being\" is titled for its position after his treatise Physics, and founded the discipline of metaphysics. In another work, this thinker theorized that the purpose of tragedy is to purge pity and terror, a process called catharsis. For 10 points, name this Greek philosopher who wrote the Nichomachean Ethics and the Poetics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f94e64c416546158fe55b37e48bac65",
            "input": "Edmund White's Hotel de Dream fictionalizes this author writing his lost novel about a male prostitute, supposedly titled Flowers of Asphalt. He described a man eating his own heart in the poem \"In the Desert,\" from The Black Rider and Other Lines, and he began a short story with \"None of them knew the color of the sky. \" His most famous character dies in a barn fire in \"The Veteran,\" a sequel to a work where that character watched Jim Conklin die in the woods and only received the title mark by accident, from a fellow soldier. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Open Boat\" and a novel about teenage soldier Henry Fleming, The Red Badge of Courage.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-628781585c674d1e8dcaf8f38c33e338",
            "input": "One objection to a formulation of this statement was resolved in part by Evans and Searles's introduction of the fluctuation theorem; that objection invoked time-reversal symmetry and is Loschmidt's paradox. That formulation is Boltzmann's H-theorem, while continuum mechanics uses an inequality named for its most famous formulator and (*) Duhem. A thought experiment concerning this statement involving a creature that would sort particles based on temperature, Maxwell's Demon. Rudolf Clausius described this law by saying that no process can solely transfer heat from a lower to higher temperature body. For 10 points, name this law holding that the entropy of a closed system always increases.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-115c12c42aa24a329b19868123136415",
            "input": "Acids of this element are used with a palladium catalyst to carry out the Suzuki reaction. Its hydrides add in THF solution to alkenes and are oxidized by peroxides in a reaction named for Brown. The structures of those hydrides of this element can be predicted using (*) Wade's rules. It may be found in the fibrous mineral ulexite. Its enriched 10 isotope is used to capture thermal neutrons in nuclear reators. Along with helium-3, this element is used to detect ionizing radiation in Geiger counters, and it violates the \"octet rule\" since it can form bonds using only its three valence electrons. For 10 points, name this metalloid with atomic number 5 and symbol B.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-20386146b79e48b29ab523dbfe57719b",
            "input": "Phylacteries are worn during the minchah service on this day. A period in which meat is not consumed lasts from the beginning of the month in which this holiday occurs until after this day, with an exception on the Sabbath. Traditionally, the messiah will be born on this day. In addition to the Five Calamities, both the English and Spanish explusions of the Jews came on this day. The book of Lamentations is read on this day, which is the only sundown-to-sundown fast other than Yom Kippur. For 10 points, name this Jewish fast day which commemorates the return of Moses's spies from Canaan, the end of the Bar Kochba revolt, the razing of Jerusalem, and the destruction of both Temples.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e2ac76fed104dbc800489fc094be560",
            "input": "He studied under French painters Carle Vernet and Pierre Guerin before traveling to Italy to further his career. His earliest major work, The Charging Chasseur, as well as Wounded Cuirassier and Race of the Riderless Horse, convey one of the chief interests of this avid horseman. He was a frequent patient at numerous asylums and mental hospitals, which served as the inspirations for paintings like A Mad Woman with a Mania of Envy. FTP, name this 19th-century French Romantic painter who depicted a recent national tragedy by showing the dying survivors of a shipwreck in his The Raft of the Medusa.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-079c6742351c466f80fe642585dc21fb",
            "input": "The column of Bertin is located in this organ, which is surrounded by a fascia named for Gerota. Children may experience minimal change disease in this organ. Collagen disorders like Alport Syndrome and Goodpasture's Syndrome affect this organ's basement membrane, and it's also the site of Wilms' tumors. This organ and the liver are the site of gluconeogenesis. The GFR is a measurement of its function. This organ falls into the pelvis in a condition which causes it to \"float\". Calcitriol and erythropoietin are synthesized by this organ, which secretes renin to increase blood pressure. Bowman's capsule surrounds this organ's glomerulus, and countercurrent exchange in its loop of Henle improves its filtration effficiency. For 10 points, name this paired organ composed of nephrons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca2ab5fe142e4fb1b009d6e38e66fef7",
            "input": "Historical periods of this present-day country include the Gampola, Rolonnawura, and Yapahuva. Major figures in its history, which is chronicled in the Mahavamsa,  include Senarath, who conquered the rebel state of Sitawaka, and Rajasinha II, who signed a treaty with the Dutch. The Dutch allied with the kingdom of Kandy here, and large portions of this island have been controlled by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. FTP, name this island country formerly known as Ceylon and found off the southeast coast of India.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b83b5a184e6e4c5589cc555ee6e4f963",
            "input": "One emperor in this modern-day nation erected pillars bearing his edicts. This nation's \"\"Golden Age\"\" included the rule of Samudra (suh-MOO-druh). The \"\"Treatise on Polity\"\" was a book that advised rulers of one empire in this country, and is also known as the \"\"Arthashastra\"\" (AR-thuh-SHAH-strah). Emperors of kingdoms in this modern-day nation include Ashoka (ah-SHOW-kuh) and Chandragupta (\"\"SHAWN\"\"-druh-GOOP-tuh). For 10 points, name this nation that was home to the Mauryan (MORE-yin) Dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6eb186424eba457b97fd94ec45debd03",
            "input": "This element extracted in the Frasch process is bonded to a hydrogen atom in a functional group once called a mercaptan. In nature, this element is most commonly found in an eight atom ring. This element is only found in the amino acids methionine and cysteine; in cysteine this element forms a type of bridge that links polypeptide chains. A compound containing this element bonded to two hydrogen atoms is notable for smelling like rotten eggs. For 10 points, name this element found below oxygen on the periodic table with chemical symbol S.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f174ec6e2ab34061988e72be5c186eb2",
            "input": "A theory pertaining to the transfer of these items uses a quantity equal to the energy required to bring the system to its final reaction coordinates under certain conditions, and won Rudolf Marcus the 1927 Nobel in Chemistry. In the post-Hartree-Fock methods, the configuration interaction functions try to correct for neglecting the correlation energy between these particles. Nitro and halide groups \"withdraw\" these particles from an aromatic ring. The outer most sets of these which don't participate in bonding are called \"lone pairs\" and are represented in Lewis structures. For 10 points, identify these particles which carry a negative charge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5f922e4480c47748e001b2a4086e1ff",
            "input": "Loewner's inequality relates the area and systole of Riemannian metrics on one of these spaces. Arnold's cat map is a chaotic mapping from one of these spaces to itself. This name is given to connected, compact, abelian Lie subgroups, and any compact Lie group has a maximal one. Dupin cyclides are geometric inversions of these objects, and two Villarceau circles can be created by cutting one of these objects diagonally. N-dimensional versions of these objects, which have genus one, are homeomorphic to the Cartesian product of N circles. Other than the Klein bottle, these are the only closed, compact surfaces with an Euler characteristic of zero. They can be created by revolving a circle around an axis coplanar to the circle's diameter. For 10 points, name these mathematical objects that often look like doughnuts.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a0ee31d85994091b071ff8b52973faa",
            "input": "Resulting in the change of the Chamber of Peers from a hereditary body into a nominated house, it arose in opposition to the issuance of the namesake Ordinances by Prince of Polignac. Its immediate consequence was the ascension of the Conte de Chambord, but he was forced to step aside in favor of the Duke of Orleans. The occasion of the adoption of the tri-color, FTP, name this French rebellion which brought Louis-Philippe to the throne.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3d08eb3701349f9a4169a0ddff51070",
            "input": "Zuse and Fredkin led to a farther reaching version of this idea that is supported by the Ackermann function because it is mu-recursive but not primitive recursive. Selmer Bringsjord has written \"The Narrational Case Against\" it and Paolo Cotogno paired it with \"Hypercomputation\" in a 2003 article. It has been applied to the halting problem to show that since it cannot be computed by a Turing machine, it cannot be computed at all. For 10 points, identify this thesis that states that every effectively calculable function is generally recursive, the result of two namesake computer scientists.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c5be147a01e47bb8beaf8444dd64b6e",
            "input": "This musician featured his characteristic \"higher interval sounds\" especially 9ths, 11ths, and 13ths in his standards \"Moose the Mooch\" and \"Confirmation,\" while another song is a \"contrafact\" based on the chord progressions of the standard \"How High the Moon.\" While playing \"Cherokee\" he famously had an epiphany about a style that he would later develop by using chord substitution and breaking the regularity of the rhythm section. He included the tracks \"Ko-Ko\" and \"Billie's Bounce\" on a 1945 Savoy recording called \"the greatest Jazz session ever\" with his longtime collaborator Dizzy Gillespie. This man got his moniker from the songs \"Yardbird Suite\" and \"Ornithology.\" For 10 points, name this Bebop jazz saxophonist nicknamed \"The Bird.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e6afef287dc4954895a188e58fdb75a",
            "input": "This author's analysis of society divided its mores into those that were set forth, which he termed taxis and those that emerged over time, called cosmos. That work contains a section that describes \"The Mirage of Social Justice,\" ends with a discussion of \"The Three Sources of Human Values,\" and is entitled Law, Legislation, and Society. In another work by this economist, he wrote of the process through which banks transferred capital through artificially low interest rates, calling for the end of central bnaks to address that issue. Those ideas were addressed in Prices and Production and The Pure Theory of Capital, but this man's best-known work contains a chapter entitled \"The Socialist Roots of Nazism\" and addresses the idea that Fascism is the fundamental response to socialism by capitalism. For 10 points, name this author of The Road to Serfdom who developed the idea of business cycles.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1200b92895894bb58f6a2b168205d9ca",
            "input": "The title figures bow down to each other in this artist's etching Two Men Meet, Each Believing the Other to Be of Higher Rank from his Renaissance-inspired Inventions series. A heart forms the nose of an orange creature with a bird on its forehead in this artist's Cat and Bird. This artist included moons, flowers, and a stick figure with two faces and pink gloves in his painting Fish Magic. A sun (*) rises over a house painted in Pointillist style in this man's large composition, Ad Parnassum. While at the Bauhaus, this man wrote the Pedagogical Sketchbook. One of his best known works features several line-drawn birds standing on the title contraption. For 10 points, name this German-Swiss artist who combined Cubism and the art of children in works like Twittering Machine.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7e2245e9ae34859a0298ae0bace4db8",
            "input": "In one of this author's stories, the preserved corpse of John Torrington, an explorer on the Franklin Expedition, fascinates Jane, whose companion Vincent dies mysteriously. Another of her stories stars character who \"felt like a god-damned owl\" while searching for someone to help her bury a grain of wheat. In addition to \"The Age of Lead\" and \"The Little Red Hen Tells All\", which come from this author's Wilderness Tips and Good Bones respectively, she wrote a novel in which chapters from the point-of-view of soon-to-be-hanged maids are interspersed with a retelling of book 22 of the Odyssey by the titular character. This author of The Penelopiad wrote a novel which features two chapters called \"The Toxique\" and stars Tony, Charis, and Roz, whose boyfriends were all once stolen by the mysterious Zenia. For 10 points, name this author of The Robber Bride who wrote about Iris and Laura Chase in The Blind Assassin and also penned Oryx & Crake and The Handmaid's Tale.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c07fdce023a4797b58332ed324a9cda",
            "input": "One of his works deals with the ability to extrapolate an individual situation into a structural problem and vice versa. Labeled a \"utopian American\" in Irving Horowitz's biography, he had a heart attack just before he was to debate Adolph Berle about another book, the product of fieldwork he did in 1960 in Cuba. A highly specialized, bureaucracy-dependent type of worker is the subject of another of his books, while such chapter as \"The Warlords\" and \"The Higher Immorality\" are found in his attack on America's most powerful people. For 10 points, name this author of The Sociological Imagination, Listen Yankee, White Collar, and The Power Elite.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e87b4366d87e4fcbb4ae7599b8c1f29e",
            "input": "This work's first act contains the performance of a Khovorod, while distinctive chords in 2/4 time are played with interspersed accents in one of its early sections. Nicholas Roerich designed the sets for this ballet, whose original choreography was replaced by one done by Leonide Masside in the 1920s. Part of this work took its inspiration from Lithuanian folk songs. Its first section, \"The Adoration of the Earth,\" opens with a famous bassoon solo that prompted Camille Saint-Saens to walk out during its premiere. For 10 points, name this Igor Stravinsky ballet that depicts the ritual sacrifice of a girl in pagan Russia.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e3948bd70074adc8baac7c19d542191",
            "input": "Categories of items created by these events include lapilli and \"bombs,\" and can be more generally referred to as tephra. These events can cause the formation of lahars, which are composed of swiftly flowing mud and pyroclastic debris. The (*) phreatic type of this event primarily produces steam, while the Plinian type results in a column of gas and ash and ejects large amounts of pumice. Occurring constantly at the Hawaiian Mauna Loa, for ten points, what are these events, which have occurred at Mount Vesuvius and Mount St. Helens, often resulting in a flow of lava",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4386c020d2074471a27c93f5e4d68578",
            "input": "As an attorney, this man defended William Brass from rape charges, and later served in a cabinet post under William Henry Draper. His first term in his most famous office saw the assassination of Thomas D'arcy McGee, while he would later return to that office with a protectionist economic program called the National Policy. This politician, who refused to pardon Louis Riel, also formed a coalition government with George Brown, a leader of the rival Clear Grits faction, while later the Pacific Railway scandal forced this man to resign as prime minister. Succeeded in office by Alexander Mackenzie, this is, FTP, which politician who acquired Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory as the first prime minister of Canada  \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46f1ed0fb2264afcaa84011770521609",
            "input": "It concludes with the narrator being saved by Giovanni Gianni, captain of the Principe Umberto, who assumes that his wards have come from the siege of Paris. In the sequel to this novel the new religion of \"Sunchildism\" is introduced. Its narrator encounters the Musical Banks and the Birth Formulae, and is astonished at the notion of pulmonary consumption as a crime. In fact, typical crime is not devalued as much as human infirmity. FTP, name this work that ends with the narrator flying away in a balloon, an utopian romance by Samuel Butler.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-565437b33633406ba9253725f86b1f6a",
            "input": "of this man's compositions are based on poems from Heine's Lyrisches Intermezzo, and one of those ends with the titular poet constructing a coffin to house his misfortunes. In addition to Die Lotosblume and Dichterliebe, he created another set of fantasy pieces based on a mad kappelmeister created by E. T. A. Hoffman, and \"Traumerei\" and \"Of Foreign Lands and Peoples\" are movements of another of his works dedicated to Chopin. In addition to Kreisleriana and Kinderszenen, he, he composed another work after a visit to the Cologne Cathedral. For 10 points, identify this composer who married Clara Weick and composed the Spring and Rhenish symphonies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5cfc761e8f3940698f5cfeca0d664a41",
            "input": "In one sonnet, this poet wrote of a \"\"triple-tyrant\"\" who scatters the bones of Waldensians across the Alps. He also wrote a sonnet that ends \"\"they also serve who only stand and wait. \"\" This poet of the sonnet \"\"On the Late Massacre in Piedmont\"\" considered \"\"how [his] light is spent\"\" in the sonnet \"\"On His Blindness. \"\" He wrote a long poem in which Satan creates Pandemonium and launches a war against God. For 10 points, name this British poet who wrote Paradise Lost.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94a885ce0798470d8dac48e03cefe88f",
            "input": "One Senator and congressman from this state, Claude Pepper, was nicknamed \"\"Red\"\" for his left-wing positions, and was the architect of a law that abolished most mandatory retirement ages. The Battle of Olustee was the main Civil War battle fought in this state. Henry Flagler was instrumental in establishing railways in this state and making it a tourist destination. For 10 point, name this state that was the home of Osceola, a leader of the Seminoles, and was at the center of the disputed 2000 U.S. Presidential election.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0eb6eb1fd74b45b8b873e1d757e20636",
            "input": "One of this author's characters reads The Stones of Venice to learn English after meeting a woman who imagines dancing goblins while listening to Beethoven's 5th symphony. In that book, Leonard Bast dies of heart failure after being pushed into a bookcase by Charles Wilcox. A desire to switch hotel rooms begins a love affair between George Emerson and Lucy Honeychurch in one of this writer's novels. This author also wrote about the haunting echo of Marabar Caves, where Dr. Aziz is accused of raping Adela Quested. For 10 points, name this English author of Howard's End and A Passage to India.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8c7c84471c74046ac89f8bace60196d",
            "input": "This event partially arose out of anger over the imposition of the death penalty for those profaning the Catholic Host, and the Address of the 221 was directed towards the target of this event shortly before it happened. Auguste de Marmont went into exile after being unable to prevent this event. Its target had passed the Anti-Sacrilege Act and had also limited the press through the Saint-Cloud Ordinances. This event opposed the policies of prime minister Jules de Polignac. This event pushed that target's cousin to power, the Duc d'Orleans, who would himself flee years later during the 1848 Revolution. For 10 points, name this event in which the Bourbon Charles X was forced to abdicate, and Louis Philippe came to power in the namesake 1830 month.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f61e2232cde404092c5ca27875f97d0",
            "input": "The quantum coupling of this quantity is described using Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. If a system's Lagrangian is rotationally invariant, this quantity is conserved due to Noether's Theorem. For atomic orbitals, this quantity, represented as the azimuthal quantum number, must be an integer multiple of h bar, and its intrinsic form was quantized in the Stern-Gerlach experiment and is called [*] spin. Both Kepler's Second Law and gyroscopes demonstrate the conservation of this quantity in the absence of net external torque. For 10 points, name this cross product of position and linear momentum, symbolized with L.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db6da618f2f54d868b9b0f33cb33cffb",
            "input": "He conducted a successful experiment which applied his theories to the treatment of a fear of snakes, and he was able to quantify another study by noting how many of his subjects shouted sockeroo! He formulated the idea of reciprocal determinism, which states that behavior and environment have a back-and-forth influence, he is credited with starting the social cognitive theory in his book Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Perhaps his most famous experiment uses a toy and an actual clown to show that children modify their aggression based on whether they see a previous model punished. For 10 points, name this Stanford psychologist who conducted the bobo doll experiments.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-475917d5919849228ebebe831d7863b2",
            "input": "Bloodstone, agate, and onyx are chalcedonic varieties of this mineral. Other color variations arise from substituting atoms for silicon; iron for citrine and amethysts, titanium for the rose variety. When cemented it makes sandstone and when fused, silica glass. For ten points, identify this mineral composed of crystalline silicon dioxide.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-434422c3c0c94ad5abe61c60381b1b4b",
            "input": "Among his works for solo organ are Three Rhapsodies on Breton Melodies, and he wrote two cello concertos, Op. 33 in A minor and Op. 119 in D minor. His symphonic poems include La jeunesse d'Hercule and Le rouet d'Omphale. His most famous opera features the aria \"Mon coeur s'ouvre  ta voix\" and a famous bacchanal. Another of his works contains a movement which quotes Rossini's \"Una voce poco fa,\" Fossils, as well as ones entitled Aquarium, Pianists, and The Swan. FTP, identify this French composer of Samson and Delilah, the Organ Symphony, and The Carnival of the Animals.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c46d634be51e4c5cbf7411af2846dd79",
            "input": "In one legend, she took the form of a wild cat and killed all who come near, but Thoth told her stories to get her to come back, and her cult was centered at Dandarah. People would come to her temples to have dreams explained, and her cult was unusual as men and women were priests. Known as the Lady of the Limit, during the war between Horus and Seth, she danced naked around Ra in order to cheer him up. Often identified with Aphrodite, she is often depicted behind Osiris, in the form of Sakhmet, and another god had to get her drunk in order to prevent her from wiping out humanity. The Eye of Ra, her name translates as (*) the House of Horus, and her headdress features a sundisk. FTP, identify the Egyptian goddess depicted with the head of a cow.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b761879cc934397abc3dbedfad0f19c",
            "input": "In contrast to the internal, or L1 type, the L2 type sits between the CPU and DRAM, but both L1 and L2 are made of high-speed SRAM for the memory type. This disk type actually uses main memory, but stores information in a memory buffer. The original Pentium processor had a 16 kilobyte one of these built into it. FTP, name this high-speed storage mechanism that keeps frequently accessed data in a location separate from the main memory for rapid recall.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e33dca60bac4c8f8cfb75138d84851b",
            "input": "This war is the setting of a story which ends with a man callously shouting \"Victory! Victory!\" near a woman kneeling between the bodies of her husband and her father. In another story about this war, a watchmaker and a haberdasher cry and shake hands before being executed for refusing to give the password that let them access their favorite fishing spot. The collaborative collection Evenings at Medan consists of stories about this war, including \"The Attack on the Mill. A soldier in this war exclaims \"Let us explode a mine!\" before destroying priceless paintings and porcelain in an (*) abandoned mansion, in a story whose heroine rings a long-silent bell after stabbing the title character with a cheese-knife. In the best-known story about this war, a woman who offers food from a picnic basket is coerced into sleeping with an officer so that a stagecoach can continue on to Le Havre. For 10 points, name this war, portrayed realistically in \"Two Friends,\" \"Mademoiselle Fifi,\" \"Ball of Fat,\" and other stories by Guy de Maupassant.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d27ea637df1348d98584e87c6c7d3739",
            "input": "One example of this type of work commands the subject to climb \"\"slowly, slowly! \"\" and is featured in J.D. Salinger's Franny and Zooey. A set of these works is collected in The Records of a Travel-Worn Satchel, while many natural subjects are chronicled in a set of these works published in The Narrow Road to the Deep North. The author of those collections took his name after a banana tree, which he wrote about in another one of these works whose first line is, \"\"Squalls shake the Basho. \"\" For 10 points, name this poetic form which follows a 5-7-5 syllabic pattern.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-860e144dc3ee49728f15546d4363ceaf",
            "input": "In an essay titled \"concerning\" this concept, Adolf Reinach argues that ordinal numbers do not exist. Maurice Merleau-Ponty drew on the phantom limb experience of amputees in a book describing this concept \"of perception.\" Edmund Husserl wrote two books about the relationship of ideas to the \"pure\" type of it. The master-slave dialectic is described in a work with this word in its title. For 10 points, name this study of the way people experience things, which is \"of spirit\" in the title of a Hegel work.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d61e1d60b354903b1a62355208d4908",
            "input": "The picture of an exiled servant is enough for a king to fall in love, much to his wife's displeasure, in one play by this author. One poem by this author uses pairs of lovers to describe periods of time like Monsoon, Frost, and Winter, while another shows the events leading up to the title event, and the title character's killing of the demon Tarakasur. In addition to Malavika and Agnimitra, \"Medley of Seasons\", and \"Birth of Kumara\", a play by this author shows the title character being forgotten by her love, until he sees a ring that had earlier been swallowed by a fish. He also wrote a poem in which the title object is used by a banished figure to communicate with his wife. For 10 points, who is this author of The Recognition of Shakuntala and \"Cloud Messenger\", two works in Sanskrit",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5ec646d94d94eb5866c44b653976691",
            "input": "This term was first used by the French philosopher Jean-Marie Guyau in The Non-Religion of the Future. It was borrowed for the development of \"strain theory,\" which emphasized the pressure that underprivileged minorities face to take advantage of any opportunity for income, even if illegal. That theory was developed by Robert Merton, who also paired this word with \"Social Structure\" in a famous work. It was explained as coming from the lessening role of religion in society and the economic changes associated with the Industrial Revolution in The Division of Labor in Society by the man most associated with it. FTP name this sociological term for a state of alienation and purposelessness stemming from a lack of societal norms, espoused as a cause of suicide by Emile Durkheim.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1e02f5698f3479a9379f16d8af982c8",
            "input": "genes coding for these molecules are purposefully mutated in a process called somatic hypermutation, and they sometimes undergo isotype switching. In a process discovered by Susumu Tonegawa, they are assembled by random selection of variable region, diversity, and joining segments, called V(D)J recombination. Both the nonspecific and specific type of these molecules are used in (*) ELISA. They enhance phagocytosis in a process called opsonization, and activate the binding of proteins C1 through C9 in the complement cascade. They fall into five major classes: G, A, M, D, and E. For 10 points, identify these bivalent Y-shaped proteins consisting of two light and two heavy chains, which recognize the epitopes of specific pathogens.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f2a7d3183304c48b57d508bc5d225a7",
            "input": "The gene DMC1 is only expressed during this process, and the protein Rec8 is degraded near the end of it. In yeast, the absence of Ime2 and repression of Cln is responsible for an event not happening during the second half of this process. The first stage in this process is divided into five sub-stages, the first of which is lepotene. In the first half of this process, the protein monopolin is required for the formation of a kinetochore. Other events during this process include synapsis and crossing over, which produces recombination. Two cell divisions produce four daughter cells in this process, and the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to haploid. FTP name this type of cell division that is important in sexual reproduction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56c1f87a45b9406395c95635c1d71497",
            "input": "One section in this work claims that the application of mathematical methods to philosophy \"will succeed in only building card-castles. \" One chapter in this work refutes the cosmological and physio-theological arguments, and this work states that the title concept should regulate knowledge rather than constitute it in its first section. This work outlines the three ideas of the world, the thinker, and the being of all beings in one section and introduces the history, discipline, architectonic, and canon of the titular concept in \"Transcendental Doctrines of Method. \" Claiming to be the \"New Copernican\" revolution of philosophy, for 10 points, identify this investigation into synthetic a priori truths, a first of three metaphysical critiques by Immanuel Kant.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a5ce9c486dc4af0991b559c787f61f3",
            "input": "This man composed a piece based on a Theodore Roosevelt speech in which Roosevelt preached the virtues of strife. In addition to \"\"The Strenuous Life,\"\" this man composed an opera whose title figure was saved by Remus from being thrown into a wasp nest after protesting against her mother buying a \"\"bag of luck. \"\" That work was Treemonisha. Interest in his music was increased after several of his works, such as \"\"The Entertainer,\"\" were featured in the film The Sting. For 20 points, name this American composer, the \"\"King of Ragtime. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f446bf92e2654ac7a339e365df451c0f",
            "input": "Some of this man's philosophical positions have only been found in his Commonplace Book, which was published posthumously, while other books by this philosopher include an omnibus Some Main Problems of Philosophy. He attacked George Berkely's concept of esse es percipi in a work entitled \"The Refutation of Idealism. \" This person argued that \"objects of mental acts and perception have an existence wholly independent of a person's mind\" in his dissertation, which was published as \"The Nature of Judgement. \" In his most famous work, this sometime editor of Mind argued against what he termed the \"naturalistic fallacy\" and claimed that its central concept was a non-natural, unanalyzable concept. For ten points, identify this man who advocated a common sense approach and utilized it to analyze the concept of good in his Principia Ethica. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5021d9b8c1e74a809dace91904369c83",
            "input": "This document's second article grants one party \"undisturbed possession\" of its Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and was preceded by a declaration of independence written by James Busby. One of this agreement's versions was produced by Henry and Edward Williams, and it was preceded by the Musket War. The signing of this document was followed by the killing of 22 British mercenaries in the Wairau Massacre led by Te Rauparaha in an attempt to uphold its continuation of Rangatiratanga, or chieftainship. Co-authored by William Hobson and signed by 500 Maori chiefs, for 10 points, identify this treaty that created the British colony of New Zealand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3143587fd6d41db9bffa094516c6c47",
            "input": "This body of water contains the volcanic Jabal al-Tair Island as well as Kamaran Island, and it also contains the Dahlak Archipelago near the city of Adulis. One coastline on this body of water contains the Hejaz (*) and Asir Mountains in addition to the cities of Rabigh and Jiddah, and the northern part of this body of water contains the Straits of Tiran and Gubol. The resort town Sharm-el-Sheik is in the city of Eilat lies on its Gulf of Aqaba, and this body of water is bounded on the south by the Bab el-Mandeb. Created by the intersection of the African and Arabian plates, for 10 points, identify this body of water bordering Yemen, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6073f2540064ac78f71d31240c3bc29",
            "input": "A hypothetical method of decay for these particles involves breaking into a positron and a neutral pion and would have a half-life on the order of 10 to the 35 years. In astronomy, these particles are employed in a namesake chain located in the cores of stars in order to synthesis lighter elements. Particles of this type are typically composed of two up quarks and a single down quark and these particles make up about 90% of all cosmic rays. Discovered by Ernest Rutherford, for 10 points, identify this subatomic particles that contributes the positive charge of an atoms nucleus.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3619e888ab7943d7abab2d28321386d8",
            "input": "In La Disparition, Anton Vowl translates this poem into French without using the letter E. An essay about the creation of this poem begins by citing Dickens' assertion that Godwin wrote Caleb Williams backwards, and describes its author's choice of a refrain with a long O and an R. Its structure was inspired by Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poem Lady Geraldine's Courtship, and James Russell Lowells Fable for Critics mentions this poem before comparing its author to Barnaby Rudge. Its narrator thinks the air is perfumed by an unseen censer / Swung by seraphim, and later asks if another character will inhabit the distant Aidenn. Its narrator then wonders if the title character was sent as respite and nepenthe, terming it Prophet!thing of evil, and asking it to return to Nights Plutonian Shore. However, it never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting / on the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door. For 10 points, name this poem about a creature that quoths Nevermore.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f45595227d564d50ac17d49355e574bf",
            "input": "Tone poems by this composer include the semi-autobiographical A Heros Life and one with a really big cello solo, Don Quixote. Two of his symphonies describe single days: one, a day in the life of his household, including bathing the baby; in the other, he depicts a thunderstorm and the view from a mountain peak. In addition to Symphonia Domestica and Alpine Symphony, he depicted death by a squawk on a clarinet in one tone poem and an (*) elegant sigh in another, Till Eulenspiegels Merry Pranks and Death and Transfiguration. Appropriately, his last major work is his Four Last Songs, and his operas include Intermezzo, Die Frau Ohne Schatten, and Der Rosenkavalier. FTP, name this German composer of the opera Salome and an homage to Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e04b60aa6cf3412fb955d07116161175",
            "input": "The strength of this phenomenon can be measured using the Wilhelmy plate method. The dispersion relation for water waves has two terms, one governed by gravity and one governed by this phenomenon. The strength of this phenomenon is usually measured in dynes per centimeter, as it has dimensions of energy over area. The strength of this phenomenon is lowered by surfactants, and it arises because liquid molecules at an interface experience attractive hydrogen bonds only from one side. For 10 points, name this phenomenon which allows water striders to walk on water, a cohesion observed in liquids on their interface with air.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6980b58f38a48d285c8ec998a4b663b",
            "input": "Lesser-known chamber works by this composer include a trio for two violins and viola called Miniatures, which he later reworked into a four-piece cycle for violin and piano called Romantic Pieces, and a series of Bagatelles for two violins, viola, and harmonium. More famous pieces of chamber music by this composer include his second piano quintet, whose second movement is a type of dance that nicknames his fourth piano trio, a (*) dumka. He also wrote a composition for cello and piano, Silent Woods, which is a transcription of a piece from his From the Bohemian Forest cycle. The composer of a twelfth string quartet nicknamed the \"American,\" FTP, identify this this composer better known for tone poems like The Golden Spinning Wheel, two sets of Slavonic Dances, and his Symphony No. 9, \"From the New World. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa28da24beaf455ab8e6af50db735266",
            "input": "One character in this opera encourages fellow members of his profession that \"eyes are watching you\" and \"love awaits you\" in the aria \"Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre.\" The female lead repeatedly sings \"Tralala\" while being interrogated by Zuniga. This opera's protagonist vies with Escamillo for the love of the title character, who sings \"L'amour est un oiseaux rebelle,\" also called the \"Habanera.\" For 10 points, name this opera in which Don Jose falls in love with and later stabs the title gypsy, by Georges Bizet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a19e1246cbf49a2bb0e3b7cb9cdf4aa",
            "input": "Lead by Richard King Croker in the 1890s, its name comes from a leader of the Delaware, and it adopted several elaborate fake Native rituals. Along with destroying the Canal Ring, its demise was a major promise of the campaign of Samuel Tilden. It reached the height of its power before cartoonist Thomas Nast famously depicted a tiger representing William Tweed, its most famous boss. For 10 points, name this political organization of New York City known for its machine style operation.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-489587280f4d4ce1b20a6b0952a4495e",
            "input": "This ruler survived a rebellion lead by the Parlements [PAR-l'-mahn] as a child, and his armies were victorious at the Battle of the Dunes. This man acquired Franche-Comte through the Treaty of Nijmegen, and he began the War of Devolution, which led to the dissolution of the League of the Rhine. He dealt with the Fronde during his reign, and this participant in the War of Spanish Succession repealed the Edict of Nantes. For 10 points, name this French monarch who built a palace in Versailles and was known as the \"Sun King.\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19d51740bb4a493e91185d1a3fb8e214",
            "input": "At the beginning of this novel, a mysterious professor informs Berlioz, the editor of a literary magazine, that he will be decapitated by a truck. Later, the professor and one of the title characters use Berlioz's skull as a goblet from which they drink blood on Walpurgis Night. A strange magic show the professor and his assistants give at the Variety Theatre throws MASSOLIT into disarray, and one title character has written a book about Pontius Pilate which makes up several sections of the novel. For 10 points, name this sature about the devil visiting atheist Moscow, a work by Mikhail Bulgakov.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-399d7a093e444fecaa27716db05a1370",
            "input": "The Duhem-Margules equation can be used to derive it and a similar relation, and this law can be related to the Lewis-Randall rule by the Gibbs-Duhem equation. Its proportionality constant gives a relation between the chemical potential of solute atoms and infinite dilution; that constant is determined experimentally by measurements on a liquid-vapor equilibrium and the value depends on temperature as well as the solute-solvent pair involved. It explains decompression sickness in divers and the fizzing of soda when a bottle is opened. For 10 points, name this law of chemistry that relates the dissolved concentration of a gas to its partial pressure above the solvent.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcd311367e8e4c6fbabcb753024771ce",
            "input": "After he received medical treatment from the Englishman H.F. Fynn, this ruler allowed Europeans to settle at Port Natal. This man was succeeded by his half-brother Dingane, who killed this ruler after this man ordered his people not to plant crops after the death of his mother Nandi. Officers called indunas and short stabbing spears called iklwas are some of the military innovations he introduced along with his creation of the (*) \"\"buffalo horn\"\" formation. For 10 points, name this African warrior who oversaw the expansion of the Zulu kingdom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f581a7cf5b7747e6a6afb4d4833176f2",
            "input": "Norman and Jensen created triangles in which they plot chemical species according to this quantity. In one model of this quantity, electrons distribute to minimize it. Besides the Allred-Rochow definition, Mulliken's original definition of this quantity involved taking the mean of the(*) electron affinity and the first ionization energy. Dissociation energies between two elements are used to calculate the Pauling scale of this quantity, on which fluorine has the highest value. For 10 points, name this property that refers to an atom's ability to attract electrons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04a38dbe79a74cd7894b4fb0f2ed5ae4",
            "input": "In one part of this work, the narrator recalls how he used to go to hear the \"great argument\" of the \"Doctor and Saint,\" but ended up leaving by the same door through which he came in, while elsewhere he notes that \"a single hair divides the false and true. \" This work begins with the invocation to wake, and a later stanza notes that \"Whether in Nishapur or Babylon... The wine of life keeps oozing drop by drop,\" while a later stanza contains the famous imagery of a moving finger that \"writes, and having writ, moves on. \" Its most famous lines come from its 12th stanza, which calls for \"A book of verses underneath the bough, a jug of wine, a loaf of bread, and thou. \" Famously translated by Edward FitzGerald, for ten points, identify this poem in 101 quatrains originally written by a Sufi poet.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-427cc1e2549b467aaf4b72e5886226eb",
            "input": "During this event, its attendees were told that they would not be molested with philosophical experiments with stocks, pants, and Russian belts. In its last session, Thomas McClintock read from Blackstone, and an article was read describing a group of people as sleeping as quietly as the babes in the wood while others must renew the treadmill tasks of yesterday. Hunt and McClintock joined a meeting in Waterloo, where they planned a meeting in the Wesleyan Chapel and replaced King George with all men in the a document of grievances called The Declaration of Sentiments. FTP, name this 1848 convention, headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, which sought to give rights to women at its namesake location in New York.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-42334a431f614f8eb7fc27d5e01c5536",
            "input": "Giovanni Vilani recorded the history of this city in a work called Cronica nuova. Giano della Bella led a movement against the nobles of this city which resulted in the 1293 Ordinances of Justice. This polity defeated the Republic of Siena at the Battle of Marciano, and early in the fourteenth century, the Peruzzi family dominated politics in this city. This city also saw a revolt by oppressed wool-workers, called the Ciompi revolt. Two other rulers of this city were targets of the Pazzi conspiracy. For 10 points, identify this Italian city, which was once ruled by Cosimo and Lorenzo of the Medici family.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3081e2cdcdf3400896876c4c02b81e0f",
            "input": "The majority of this poets works, some of which can be sung to the tune of the Gilligans Island theme song, were published posthumously. This poets sister Lavinia found hundreds of them, most of them untitled, and began their publication. She is known for a frank, concise style and such poems as Im Nobody, Who are You and I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died. FTP name this American poet known as the Belle of Amherst, the author of Because I Could Not Stop for Death.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46e14a9a63c340c2897cf63d37189a6a",
            "input": "In retaliation for this event, a group known as the Hunters led by 'Pirate Bill' Johnston captured the steamship Sir Robert Peel but were unable to operate it. A second incident similar to this event was prevented when the ship Barcelona was purchased by the US government and Rensselaer van Rensselaer was persuaded to retreat by Winfield Scott. This event eventually led to the trial of Alexander McLeod for the murder of Amos Durfee, who had been a supporter of the rebellion of William Lyon McKenzie and had been supplying him arms by boat until British troops intervened. For 10 points, name this event of 1837 where the namesake ship was burned in the waters above Niagara Falls.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8eb417ba0e794a9db919eff24e1c4ac8",
            "input": "This territory's Eurypontid dynasty included Agesilaus II, who was one of the commanders at the second Battle of Mantinea. That dynasty included several rulers named Archidamus. This city-state practically ceased to exist following the loss of its ruler Cleomenes III at the Battle of Sellasia to the forces of an Achaean League. The law-giver of this city-state was Lycurgus. Another ruler of this city-state was Leonidas, who died at the Battle of Thermopylae. For 10 points, name this Greek city-state that fought Athens in the Peloponnesian War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1002d1dcb42c4079a6fbda578ec5ee77",
            "input": "One of this man's novels features a disease in which the afflicted can only say \"if and only if\", as is the case with Titus and many others in Aburiria, while one of his plays ends with Thoni's suicide due to the eloping of her husband Remi, the title character. In addition to The Wizard of the Crow and The Black Hermit, this author also wrote a play in which the wedding between the son of Jezebel and Ahab Kioi and Gathoni forces the main character to sell his farm. Before writing I Will Marry When I Want, he wrote a novel in which Inspector Godfrey investigates the burning of the brothel of Ilmorog and another in which John Thompson catches the killer of Thomas Robson thanks to Mugo's betrayal. FTP, name this author of Petals of Blood and A Grain of Wheat, a Kenyan writer. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03bac5f5ff9e4eef881d90732ac5420d",
            "input": "This god is credited as the father of Sinis, a forest-dwelling giant who was slain by Theseus. This god impregnated Chione, a daughter of Boreas, siring his son Eumolpus. The monster ketos was sacred to this deity. This deity took the form of a bull to impregnate Arne, and he had three sons named Actor, Belus, and Dictys by Agamede. Through his son Agenor, this god is the grandfather of Europa. This deity was raised by the Telchines on the isle of Rhodes. With Euryale, this god sired the man who would rape Merope, the great hunter Orion. As part of a contest, this god used his spear to create a spring, but his rival Athena created an olive tree, which was deemed more useful, and thus won naming rights to Athens. This god is also credited with giving men the gift of horses, and he is married to Amphitrite. For ten points, name this Greek god of the sea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-741792e9106b4d0eb1a1ee5bf0b1d3e9",
            "input": "One of this composer's early successes was a setting of \"Behold the Murmuring Sea,\" a poem by the same author who inspired his The Combat of Tancredi and Clorinda. An ascension of a patron led to the opera Licoris Who Feigned Madness, and he lost his wife around the time of writing an aria beginning \"Let Me Die,\" the \"Lamento D'Arriana. \" Another opera with libretto by Busenello drew heavily on events in Tacitus' Annals, and in the Prologue of another opera, the Spirit of Music introduces the story of the title character, who is helped by Proserpina but fails his quest by looking backward. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of The Coronation of Poppea and L'Orfeo.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5cf29b5cdf843ddac78ad8833bc2021",
            "input": "He attacked \"vicious intellectualism\" and praised Bergson and Fechner in a series of lectures collected as A Pluralistic Universe. Another lecture collection, subtitled A Study in Human Nature, often uses the work of Edwin Starbuck to illustrate his points about experiences of being, like \"healthy-mindedness,\" the \"sick soul,\" and the \"divided self. \" These were given during his Gifford Lectures at Edinburgh, Scotland and entitled The Varieties of Religious Experience. For 10 points, name this American philosopher whose lectures were also published with the title Pragmatism, a concept he advanced.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29c8133e8b2e4024a870cb57574c037c",
            "input": "One youth in this work is notably called \"Della-croy\" by his comrades Bobby and Harry while playing with some rocks. Clyde Dunbar is missing due to a broken leg, but his son Horace is only 16, so Janey has to take over for him. Mrs. Graves remarks that \"Time sure goes fast\" and \"Seems like we got through with the last one only last week\" about the central event. Old Man Warner opposes its abolishment, while Mr. Summers just wants a new box. Mr. Martin and his son Baxter help set it up, after which Adams, Watson, and others come forward to participate. Eventually it is ended when Mr. Hutchison receives a black dot, which leads to his wife's stoning. FTP name this story about a fatal game of chance by Shirley Jackson.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-67eb9ffa6fc54a948360a3caf5efeaa3",
            "input": "One of his early works, \"The Massacre at Paris\" was inspired by the influx of Huguenot refuges to his hometown, Canterbury. While at college in Cambridge, he was almost certainly recruited by Sir Francis Walsingham to serve as a British spy, and possibly worked to forestall the assassination of Queen Elizabeth by uncovering the Babington Plot. His alleged atheism and connections to an intellectual society headed by Sir Walter Raleigh tainted his literary reputation , though he was popular in London as member of the Admiral's Men company. An exact contemporary of Shakespeare, he has been posited as an alternative author for the Shakespearian sonnets. For ten points, identify this Elizabethan dramatist, author of Dido Queen of Carthage, the Jew of Malta, and Tamburlaine the Great.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9aa3ceea2dca4a88b3d9f98c497fefc4",
            "input": "This artist proposed an S-shaped \"\"line of beauty,\"\" which can be seen in his self-portrait The Painter and his Pug. He depicted the fates of two apprentices in a series of engravings titled Industry and Idleness. Another of his series includes such works as The Tete a Tete (TET ah TET) and warns against the dangers of money. This British satirist of (*) Marriage a-la-mode is better known for another series of paintings chronicling Tom's descent into Bedlam. For 10 points, name this artist of A Rake's Progress.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-73677cacc3bf48f3947e4f0b8db1a4bb",
            "input": "The same year that he married Johana Rahn he published two anonymous political works, the more important of which was Contribution to the Correction of the Public's Judgement Concerning the French Revolution, which argued that liberty was inextricable from being. He responded to Korberg on religion in his essay On the Grounds of our Belief in a Divine Government of the Universe. Later works by this man turned more introspective and include The Characteristics of the Present Age and The Vocation of Man. In Foundation of the Complete Theory of Knowledge he reacted to Kant, by extending his philosophy and emphasizing the ego. FTP, identify this philosopher, best known the patriotic Letters to the German Nation and his Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d28ba935c3e46a6ad48b5cdc19ff156",
            "input": "These people created a linen-based book named for its current location in Zagreb, which was discovered with a mummy in Egypt. Elongated sculptural figures made by these creators of the Liber Linteus were a primary influence on Giacometti's Walking Man, and these people also created a bronze model of a sheep's liver found at Piacenza. These victors at Alalia lost a major city when Camillus breached its sewers. One of their kings survived an assassination attempt by Gaius Mucius Scaevola, who thrust his hand into a flame to show his resolve; that king was Lars Porsenna of Clusium. Veii was part of this civilization, which produced the Roman Tarquin dynasty. For 10 points, name these ancient Italian people based in Tuscany who served as an early rival to the Romans.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d155d76bbf94d5ba5dc8eb31444ee55",
            "input": "This figure is killed after he is offered a meal of dog meat which he cannot refuse, and he ties himself to a rock in order to remain standing upright after he is struck by a spear. He is sent to the Fort of Shadows to be trained by Scathach, and defeats Scathachs twin sister Aife while there. After returning, Forgall allows him to marry Emer, but Cathbad would sleep between them on their first night by decree of Conchobar mac Nessa. He distinguished himself at the age of 17 by single-handedly defeating the army of Connacht using a spear that sings for the blood of its enemies, and obtained his name when he killed a dog belonging to a blacksmith. Also known as Setanta, FTP, name this 14-pupiled, 14-fingered, 14-toed wielder of the Gae Bulga and hero of the Cattle Raid of Cooley, an Irish folk hero and main character of the Ulster Cycle.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8ff1fdfbfec4b4093af7ccdd568854b",
            "input": "Death by hanging was the sentence handed down by Judge Joseph Gary to seven of eight men brought to trial over this incident. Matthias Degan and seven others died from a related incident stemming from demonstrations on Randolph Street for an eight-hour workday. Nine fatalities resulted from this event, one of which was a shooting death taking place in front of the McCormick Harvester Plant. Three surviving convicts were pardoned by Governor John Altgeld in 1893 for want of a fair trial. FTP, name this riot of May 4, 1876 in which a bomb thrown by anarchists in a Chicago Plaza was used to discredit the Knights of Labor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a19168e4eb3b476a809810cfa2d734ca",
            "input": "This effect can be used to measure the velocity width term of the Tully-Fisher relation, and, with the Mossbauer effect, a tower at the Jefferson Laboratory was used by Pound and Rebka to test a variety of it. Canal ray tubes were used by Ives and Stilwell to investigate the transverse version of this effect. The introduction of the Lorentz factor as the inverse of the square root of one minus the ratio of the velocity of the source and the speed of light allows for the calculation of the relativistic form of this effect, which can be used to measure the radial velocity of galaxies with blueshift and redshift. For 10 points, name this effect responsible for the frequency change of a passing siren.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a56bf2db51cf4561a14689255b9c4c8b",
            "input": "Martin Fleischman used pyridine adsorbed on silver which had been electrochemically roughened to develop this phenomenon's surface-enhanced variety, and conjugated molecules with large dipole moments can produce a stronger form of this phenomenon's hyper version. One of the byproducts of its stimulated variety can be amplified to produce a namesake laser. Discovered in crystals by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam, its linearly polarized and circularly polarized radiation is governed by the Stokes parameters. Divided into Stokes and anti-Stokes varieties, FTP, name this inelastic scattering of a photon named for its Indian discoverer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4418376504c34886946ba383c6105780",
            "input": "One group depicted in this text went on a 344-day voyage, and Coriantumr was that group's last living descendant. One character in this text studies a record written by Zeniff. It was supposedly originally translated using a pair of seer stones called Urim and Thummim, which were placed in a top hat. This text was originally written in unknown characters referred to as (*) \"Reformed Egyptian.\" In the first chapters of the book, which is supposedly the record of Manasseh's descendants, a family is led out of Jerusalem before the Babylonians overtake the ancient city. After the family makes it to the new Promised Land, their descendants divide into the Nephites and the Lamanites. This text's book of Third Nephi details Jesus Christ's visit to the Americas after his resurrection and his establishment of a peaceful society. For 10 points, name this sacred text of the Latter Day Saints.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f035b159686c46af9d36b613b86b23bd",
            "input": "A very early text from this country concerns a government functionary who flees to Israel after hearing of a murder plot against the king. A later text tells of a brother, Bata, who is rewarded with a wife made out of clay by the god Khnum, although that wife later betrays him. An author from this country wrote a novel about a man who smokes hashish to forget his government's hypocrisy. That man also wrote of Kamal, the son of Al-Sayyid Ahmad Abd al- Jawad, in a series that included Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, and Sugar Street. For 10 points, name this country, the setting of Naguib Mahfouz's Cairo Trilogy.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-077f3e5ac94d484cb8c4307bde81b928",
            "input": "class of class of compounds includes the amino acid cysteine, and many members are colorless with the odor of garlic. For 15 points, name these sulfur analogs to alcohols, marked by the presence of a sulfhydryl group.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f73b8f465708495ca01cbcf3bc85a484",
            "input": "A toccata recapitulates the theme of the rondo in the Precipitato movement of one of this man's works, which features a slow movement in Andante Caloroso. Another work features use of the Locrian mode in the Vivo fifth movement and opens with an allegro con brio. Besides his seventh piano sonata in B flat major, counted amongst his \"War Sonatas\", and his fifth piano concerto in G major, a gavotte replaces a minuet in this man's first symphony, intended to imitate Haydn's style. This composer of (*) The Fiery Angel drew from his Ala I Lolli for his Scythian Suite, and composed for his best-known suite a second movement, \"Romance,\" in which the title officer gets married. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Classical symphony and the Lieutenant Kije suite, also known for Love for Three Oranges and Peter and the Wolf.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f4ea1ffa2734691b63d807e50f9ce9a",
            "input": "A commission from the Erard company resulted in this composer's Introduction and Allegro for string quartet, clarinet, flute, and harp. Ricardo Vines publicly premiered a work by this man that was inspired by Liszt's Fountains of the Villa d'Este. Percy Grainger orchestrated \"The Valley of Bells\", the final movement in a suite by this man that also includes \"Oiseaux tristes\". This man called for a sopranino saxophone in F in a work that was popularized in an extremely (*) fast performance by Arturo Toscanini. This composer of Jeux d'eau and Miroirs omitted the fifth \"Promenade\" in his orchestration of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition. In his most famous work, a melody in C starts in the flutes and is passed from instrument to instrument, constantly crescendoing, over an ostinato snare drum. For 10 points, name this French composer of Bolero.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2f076c6117c46a69a6073adbccb49c1",
            "input": "This author wrote a novel in which the title character becomes \"Comrade Arlette\" and generally toys with the protagonist, Ricardo, as he travels around the world as an interpreter. In addition to The Bad Girl, he wrote a work that opens with a murdered singer hanging from a tree, and revolves around the efforts of Lituma and Silva to find the killer of the title character. This author also wrote a novel in which the title character seeks to supply the title assistance to soldiers serving in the Amazon. The author of Who Killed Palomino Molero and Captain Pantoja and the Special Service, for 10 points, who is this author of a work based on his first marriage, Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b013b3bd6939421e9d2b51e898cc44ba",
            "input": "Works by this author include one in which Peter Willems gets greedy and lustful and ruins himself. He also wrote a novel in which the title character tries to inherit Captain Lingard's wealth, and instead ends up alone, broke, and insane. In addition to An Outcast of the Islands and Almayer's Folly, this author wrote a novel in which the title character can't escape a past incident on a ship, which eventually results in his death at the hands of Doramin. He also wrote a work in which the \"pilgrims\", so named for the wooden staves they carry, seek to exploit the natives for their own benefit. For 10 points, name this author of Lord Jim who also wrote about Marlow and Kurtz in Heart of Darkness.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2850f45b2f0949f5bb0fcc16a47d6616",
            "input": "The Kapuas River is the longest river on this island, the site of Gunung Mulu National Park. Its province of East Kalimantan contains the cities of Samarinda and Balikpapan. This island's Crocker Range contains its highest point, Mount(*) Kinabalu. One country owns the provinces of Sabah and Sarawak on this island. This island lies across the Makassar Strait from Sulawesi and is directly north of Java. A small principality on this island has its capital at Bandar Seri Begawan. For 10 points, name this island, split between Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6f6c8fad7c44fd5a256bd3c18b29ebc",
            "input": "The title character in one of this author's plays transforms from an old woman to a young girl when Michael Gillane abandons Delia Cahel to fight for her. This author of Cathleen Ni Houlihan laments that(*) \"a terrible beauty is born\" in one poem. One of his poems tells of leaving a place that \"is no country for old men\", while another asks \"What rough beast... slouches towards Bethlehem to be born\". For 10 points, name this Irish author of \"Easter, 1916\", \"Sailing to Byzantium\", and \"The Second Coming.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23b481e2d3bf4b4c9b07ac08c7449cfe",
            "input": "One of his poems notes that the increase of men and plants is Cheered and cheque'd even by the self-same sky. Two longer poems dedicated to the Earl of Southampton respectively concern a woman given the name of chaste, which unhapply set / This bateless edge on his keen appetite, and a man who Hunting he loved, but love he laughed to scorn. An excerpt from one of his larger works provides the subtitle for Edward Albees The Goat and asks, What is she / that all our swains commend her One of his sonnets describes Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang, and another claims Love is not love / Which alters when it alteration finds. For 10 points, name this author of The Rape of Lucrece and Venus and Adonis, whose song Who is Silvia is found in his play Two Gentlemen of Verona.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dcd769256b8f4329aa9b756780524c05",
            "input": "One of this author's poems begins \"Flood-tide below me! I see you face to face!\" while another concludes by saying that \"All attitudes, all the shapeliness...of any one's body, male or female...I say now these are the Soul!\" This author of Crossing Brooklyn Ferry and I Sing the Body Electric also wrote a poem in which the title character \"does not answer, his lips are pale and dead\" and one about sounding his \"barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world.\" For 10 points, name this poet who included Song of Myself in Leaves of Grass and wrote O Captain! My Captain!",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1821171bc6394054a7252c967080869b",
            "input": "Kleppner used a modification of this experiment to power the first hydrogen MASER, and Isodor Rabi used another modification of the apparatus to discover his namesake oscillation, which is used in MRI imaging. The results of this experiment were solved by Goudsmith and Uhlenbeck, and it was initially used to test between the classical theory of the atom and the Bohr-Sommerfeld theory. In the original experiment, a furnace was used to generate a beam of silver atoms that were fired through an inhomogenous magnetic field, leading two spots to appear on the detector. FTP, name this experiment that demonstrated spin quantization, conducted by two German physicists.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b515cb1a7c4246ef81d294ba81c7b603",
            "input": "This man gave a lecture about psychology claiming that \"Introspection forms no essential part of its methods. \" His 1928 work Psychological Care of the Infant and Child is no longer considered a standard text, and ironically he himself later claimed he didn't know enough to write it. With his assistant Rosalie Raynor, this man conducted an experiment in which he struck a metal pipe with a hammer to scare an infant into associating that fear with a pet rat. resulting in the child fearing all white fluffy things. FTP name this author of the book named for his psychological beliefs, Behaviorism.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fcbcdf94908a429184a1c49de05ae853",
            "input": "A mass extinction at the end of the Ordovician period is suggested to have been caused by one of these. In 2000, NASA launched the High Energy Transient Explorer 2 to detect them as their signals reach earth so ground observers can better study them. About a million times more numerous than supernovae, they are thought to be the result of a collapse of super-massive stars or collision between compact objects like a black hole and a neutron star. For ten points, name these astronomical phenomena that release a large amount of its namesake radiation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b5bbcea97a042d9896ccf25f55b0703",
            "input": "Lisi defined a \"universal reservoir\" for a quantum mechanical analogue of this quantity, which can be produced by Wick rotations on a Feynman path integral. One principle describing this quantity can be unified with the maximum entropy principle since path uncertainty can be measured by the Shannon information. General relativity uses the Einstein-Hilbert type of this quantity which yields the Einstein field equations, and the shape of the trajectory of this quantity over two specific endpoints is determined through Maupertuis' principle. The Euler-Lagrange equation for this quantity of a system yields the evolution of a classical system, and the functional derivative of this quantity with respect to generalized coordinates goes to zero in accordance with Hamilton's principle. For 10 points, identify this quantity which is defined as the time integral over a given path of the Lagrangian of a system, and is symbolizes S.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fef75fa4322b45eeb3e81b6c828c9161",
            "input": "This philosopher noted that no one who jumps out of a burning building is accused of committing suicide in a version of his most famous work, and included descriptions of the sights of Paris in his semi-autobiographical Reveries of a Solitary Walker. This man contrasted amour de soi with amour propre in a work which also compares people who are born stronger with people who fence in plots of land. This author of Discourse on Inequality described how he would raise and educate the imaginary title savage in his treatise on (*) education titled Emile, and also popularized the concept of the general will. For ten points, which Swiss-French philosopher observed that \"man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains\" in On the Social Contract",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21d5ae6acdc340b3865b8b85f3f198e8",
            "input": "As president, this man shut down the Second Bank of the United States. This president had a group of friends and advisers called the \"kitchen cabinet.\" This victor at the Battle of New Orleans forced the removal of the Cherokee from their land by signing the Indian Removal Act. For 10 points, name this man nicknamed \"Old Hickory,\" the seventh president.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa784d843cde42be84789296b27863a5",
            "input": "Vincenzo Scamozzi completed a work of this man found across from St. Mark's. The Foscari, Sarego, and Godi are some of the examples of his most characteristic genre, but perhaps his most famous (*) design was for Giulio Capra at Vicenza. This creator of San Giorgio Maggiore and author of The Four Books of Architecture inspired the shape of Monticello. For 10 points name this designer of the Villa Rotonda.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-75ed38987e8442639113bea81352ae11",
            "input": "The second king of this country, who started the International African Association and worked with Henry Stanley to establish a colony called the Congo Free State, was Leopold II. During World War I, several battles were fought near its town of Ypres, which is in its (*) Flanders region. This country gained its independence in 1830 from the Netherlands. For 10 points, Walloons and Flemings live in what country whose capital is Brussels",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fa00d1b25c34edbae99bae5151c0952",
            "input": "Among his first projects in the public realm was the New York State Theater, but after that construction he rejected his earlier style, leading to works like the neo-gothic PPG Place in Pittsburgh, and stainless steel prisms surround the Bell Tower of his Crystal Cathedral. His collaborations with John Burgee include the Puerta de Europa in Madrid and a building in New York City which features the so-called \"Chippendale\" pediment. That building was originally named for AT&T, and this man is perhaps most famous for his own residence in New Canaan, Connecticut, built in collaboration with Richard Foster. FTP, name this American architect who built the Glass House and who with Mies van der Rohe designed the Seagram Building.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fb79162a1974067ad4cc93eacb2a6c4",
            "input": "One analogue of this quantity, designed for use in concentrated solutions, is equal to -19 for a certain mixture that contains antimony pentafluoride. One equation for this quantity, which may be derived by rearranging the defining equation for \"K sub a\", is called the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation. Under standard conditions, this quantity is half the self-ionization constant pKw. This quantity is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution. For 10 points, name this quantity which can be crudely measured using indicators like phenolphthalein, and which is 7 for neutral solutions and less for acids.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ab644f7bbac45fabbcb2a6b751bc67c",
            "input": "figure's death was confirmed when a raven landed on his shoulder, as he had strapped himself to a stone in order to remain standing. His death was set into motion after a goddess in disguise tricked him into eating dog meat. Although he is not Sir Gawain, this man once entered into a beheading contest with a demon. This man learned the art of fighting with the (*) gae bulg from the warrior woman Scathach along with his foster-brother Ferdiad, whom he fought at a ford for three days. This son of Deichtine and Lugh had fourteen pupils, fingers, and toes. He once killed a smith's guard dog, and after offering to make amends by taking its place, this husband of Emer had his name changed from Setanta. For 10 points, name this hero who fought Maeve during the Cattle Raid of Cooley.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af990522cb0440b1992becb3e2b9f7e7",
            "input": "This quantity is equal to the cross product of dipole moment and electric field, and an epicyclic mechanism including \"sun\" and \"planet\" gears \"multiply\" it. Varignon proved that this is additive when applied at the same point. Power is the scalar product of this quantity and omega, or angular velocity. Work is the integral of this quantity with respect to theta, and a lever in rotational equilibrium has a net value of zero for this quantity. This quantity can be measured by newton-meters or joules per radian, and is denoted by the letter tau. For 10 points, name this time derivative of angular momentum and rotational analogue of force, which is the cross product of lever arm and force.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b0f7304f641497f8e355d8375d9e35f",
            "input": "A formula named for this man and Bonnet (bahn-ay) states that the surface integral for a namesake curvature over a Riemannian manifold is equal to 2 pi times the Euler characteristic, while an algorithm named for him and Legendre is used to compute the digits of pi. Complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are both integers are known as this mans integers. A certain error function closely related to the normal distribution is also named after him, and he proved that an n-gon is constructible when n is divisible by a Fermat prime, but he is better known for a law which states that the net electric flux is proportional to the charge enclosed by the surface. For 10 points, identify this German mathematician who is the namesake of a unit of flux density.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50ddebf1fd8548aea377dcde462b9c90",
            "input": "This group's ultimate defeat came as a consequence of the 13 Years War, and they were opposed by the Lizard League. Despite fighting the Cumans under Andrew II, they were cast out of Hungary and made their way to the Vistula to help Conrad of Mazovia. They acquired the Order of the Brothers of the Sword in 1237. Originally formed as a hospital for the sick during the Third Crusade by some merchants from Lubek and Bremen, they were famously defeated at the First Battle of Tannenberg. For 10 points, name this medieval German crusading order.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8540e596acfa4d6b9b5d71365e3192db",
            "input": "The Lorentzian profile due to the natural broadening of spectral lines is due to this statement. Mandelshtam and Tamm used a general observable operator to reformulate an alternative to this statement and other forms of it detail the relation between the phase of the Ginzberg-Landau parameter and the number of electrons in a superconductor. This statement can be viewed as a special case of the Robertson-Schrodinger inequality, and the canonical commutation relation of quantum mechanics can be used to arrive at this relation in its most familiar form. This statement from quantum mechanics comes in energy-time and position-momentum varieties. For 10 points, what statement, named for a German physicist, says that no two non-commuting observables can be simultaneously measured to infinitely high precision",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9fb67c17f87a467f8072ed0132b60590",
            "input": "The blende of this element is used as a model crystal structure for semiconductors like indium\\n phosphide. In one reaction, this element is used with alpha-halo esters to condense ketones or aldehydes to\\n form beta-hydroxy-esters. When coupled with copper, this element reacts with alkenes to yield a\\n cyclopropane. Those reactions are named for Reformatsky and Simmons-Smith. Found in the ore\\n sphalerite, this element and hydrochloric acid reduce ketones to alkanes in the Clemmensen reduction. In\\n proteins, this element makes \"gag-knuckles,\" \"treble-clefs,\" and other structures known as \"fingers.\"\\n Galvanized steel is coated in this element, and brass is an alloy of copper and this element. For 10 points,\\n name this element with number 30 and symbol Zn.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98cac097e0884ad9a14cc5f74e441506",
            "input": "The SLIM experiment at Chacaltaya in Bolivia is an attempt to discover intermediate-mass ones; another bound comes from a Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment at the South Pole. On Valentine's Day in 1982, a possible but unconfirmed signal of one was recorded by Blas Cabrera. JJ Thomson showed that a static configuration of one separated from an electric charge by some distance has a classical angular momentum along the line between them. Restricting this angular momentum to be a multiple of one-half h-bar leads to the Dirac quantization condition, which is one way to understand why they famously could explain the quantization of electric charge. Another explanation involves Dirac strings. For 10 points, name this theoretical object that produces a B field similar to the E field produced by a point charge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4787238d37e644ed966eda6ef7e15b81",
            "input": "One clan that sacrificed to this god mingled human entrails with that of an animal's at Mount Lykaion (LIKE-ey-on). This deity was granted one attribute out of gratitude for release from imprisonment by the Cyclopes. Guises assumed by this deity include a shower of gold and a swan. Children of this deity include Helen of Troy, along with Castor and Pollux. This god forced his father, (*) Cronus, to vomit up this deity's siblings, which included Demeter, Hades, Poseidon, and his wife, Hera. For 10 points, name this thunder god and head of the Greek pantheon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05770a4d9f5c4ed488812719bf8b9d4d",
            "input": "Lord Normanby advised one of its signatories to not \"purchase...any territory\". The recipient of this advice, William Hobson, gathered negotiators in the Bay of Islands. According to it rangatiratanga was preserved and land ownership was protected. The English word 'sovereignty' gave translators trouble, but it was translated 'kawanatanga' or governance. In the third article royal protection and full citizenship was granted to the Maori. For 10 points, name this New Zealand land treaty signed in February 1840.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d40f049c9cd041c3b47e00a848c26415",
            "input": "This man expresses his wish to be \"buried in the ground like a stillborn child\" and at the end of the book in which he figures, all of his brothers and sisters give him gold rings. A son of Barakel the Buzite with a name meaning \"He is my God\" delivers four speeches on this man's behalf. The Lord tells this man to look to a being that \"ranks first among the works of God\" and conceals itself within the shadow of the lotuses, called the behemoth. This man's house collapses and his herds are lost, while his three friends Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar attempt to get him to give up. For 10 points, name this man of Uz who is a servant of God and is placed in the hands of Satan to prove his devotion in his namesake book of the Bible, which comes between Proverbs and Song of Songs.\r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82360e2ada7f4f2e839903dbae0689ec",
            "input": "In one scene in this novel, Miss Van Campen confiscates the protagonist's alcohol, saying he is deliberately trying to make himself sick. The protagonist's love interest is friends with Helen Ferguson, while the protagonist has his knee operated on by Dr. Valentini. In one scene, the protagonist must shoot an engineer who refuses to help free his vehicle, while near the end, the he dives into the river to escape the \"battle police.\" This novel ends when the protagonist reunites with his love in Switzerland after the mad retreat at the Battle of Caporetto, only for her to die after giving birth to a stillborn son. For 10 points, name this novel about ambulance driver Frederic Henry's affair with Catherine Barkley, a work by Ernest Hemingway.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f38b05e6e074df098ce4ec1d7317d05",
            "input": "One of them in pheasant form was killed by a divine arrow which landed at the feet of their leader, who then hurled it through the heart of the shooter. The food one was murdered after vomiting up food for the moon, who was subsequently banished for his crime. Another was notably frightened when her brother threw a flayed piebald horse into her hall, after which she secluded herself in a cave until enticed out by another dancing on an upturned tub. The lesser ones were created from the storm ones sword and the sun ones jewels, while the union between Izanami and Izanagi produced the two major ones, Susanoo and Amaterasu. FTP name these divine figures, prayed to by followers of Shinto.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-20f491b0d7b14cc7867222d8555396ae",
            "input": "A church in this novel is called First Purchase because it was the first thing bought by freed slaves. The protagonist of this novel is frightened by Cecil Jacobs while in a ham costume. The protagonist of this novel helps to break up a potential lynch mob whose target is a man wrongly accused of raping Mayella Ewell, Tom Robinson. That event sees the protagonist accompanied by (*) Dill and her brother Jem, who breaks his arm in an attack largely thwarted by Boo Radley. For 10 points, name this novel featuring Scout and Atticus Finch by Harper Lee.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-326f3f1c013b4497b7dd6fa30712466f",
            "input": "This object's action was compared to a photon moving through a semiconductor by Yochiro Nambu. This particle can be formed by the annihilation of a top-antitop quark pair. Technicolor theories exclude the action of this particle. Spontaneous electroweak symmetry breaking leads to a non-zero vacuum expectation value in this particle's mechanism. This particle is [*] thought to have a mass around 140 GeV and spin 0. This particle explains why W and Z bosons have mass, but photons do not. Sought by the Large Hadron Collider, for 10 points, name this so-called \"God particle,\" an undiscovered boson of the Standard Model thought to provide mass to other particles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c0f04b8131394393b846c004572fe3f0",
            "input": "In one opera by this composer, Leila is recognized as a woman who saved a man's life because of a necklace, and two characters sing the \"\"Friendship Duet. \"\" Zurga and Nadir feature in that opera by this composer. In another opera, this composer wrote the \"\"Flower Song\"\" and told of (*) Don Jose's murder of the title character after she spurns him for the bullfighter Escamillo. For 10 points, name this French composer of the operas The Pearl Fishers and Carmen.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ed2cc0f6825481694ec56ef83a4fb9c",
            "input": "He wrote an opinion that invoked the thirteenth amendment's ban on slavery to overturn a certain state's peonage law in Bailey v. Alabama, He claimed that activities intrastate in nature in separate could interact and become controllable by Congress under the commerce clause in his opinion for National Labor Relations Board v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. He invalidated the NIRA's ability to allow the president to issue \"codes of fair competition\" in what came to be known as the \"sick chicken case. \" FTP, name this politician who resigned the Supreme Court to run for president against Woodrow Wilson, only to be reappointed to the Court as Chief Justice in 1930.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ba687d098174827b8197f6110c9a7f1",
            "input": "One of these compositions by George Rochberg includes a set of variations on Pachelbel's Canon in D, and Rochberg named his fourth through sixth works in the genre the \"Concord\" ones. The third movement of another piece for this ensemble explores what the composer called \"dissonant dynamics,\" shaping a melody solely by changing the volume of various held pitches. That work is the best-known composition by Ruth Crawford Seeger. Irvine Arditti founded an ensemble of this type named after him, and another composition for this ensemble contains a Scherzo \"alla bulgarese\" flanked by two movements in its composer's (*) \"night music\" style. The performance of one of these pieces serves as the third scene of the opera Mittwoch aus Licht, and that piece requires that each of its performers be in a different helicopter. For 10 points, name this type of piece that might be performed by the Kronos, an example of which is Smetana's \"From My Life.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3a877fc014c418fae2c32b7a5bb6a1b",
            "input": "In one poem, this poet threatens to send the addressee three hundred more poems if he doesn't return a napkin he stole. A line from this poet is the source of the title of a short story collection edited by Jeffrey Eugenides. He wrote an elegiac couplet whose speaker states \"I hate and I love. \" One of his poems begins, \"Wandering through many countries and over many seas, I come, my brother, to these sorrowful obsequies. \" That poem, which ends with the words \"ave atque vale,\" is addressed to the \"silent ashes\" of his brother. Many of his poems are thought to be addressed to Clodia Metelli. For 10 points, name this Roman poet many of whose poems are about his mistress Lesbia.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e8446a7a470444bb322c56bfc571a05",
            "input": "In one political cartoon, this politician's head is held by a rival candidate and is said to be a \"fellow of infinite jest\" in an imitation of Hamlet holding the skull of Yorick. One of this man's campaign slogans originated the phrase \"Don't Change Horses in the Middle of the Stream.\" During his second run for president, this politician defeated the nominee of the \"Peace Democrats.\" In this man's inaugural speech, he promised \"malice towards none, with charity for all\" after defeating his opponent George McClellan. For 10 points, name this American president who won the Election of 1864 and was later assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e68885d8f7ff47449a648352d033d1bc",
            "input": "The title character of one opera by this composer marries Ernesto's lover, Norina, in a plot engineered by Dr. Malatesta. One character created by this composer recounts a meeting with a ghost to Alisa in the aria \"Regnava nel silenzio.\" This man wrote an opera in which Adina cancels her marriage to Belcore to marry Nemorino, purchases the titular potion, and sings the aria \"Una furtiva lagrima.\" The title character of another of his operas, the sister of Enrico Ashton, sings the aria \"Il dolce suono\" before stabbing her husband Arturo because she is in love with Edgardo Ravenswood. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of The Elixir of Love and Lucia di Lammermoor.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44130f7ffd494ab8aeab1c4734a318cd",
            "input": "Murray Rothbard suggests that social taboos can eliminate the \"classical\" form of this phenomenon. The Beveridge curve plots this against the vacancy rate. The NAIRU is a measure of this for a market with neither upward nor downward pressure on inflation. Okuns Law predicts a 2.5 percent gap in GDP for every additional one percent rise in the rate of this. Keynes argued that because wages are sticky, this is caused by a drop in aggregate demand. For 10 points, name this statistic plotted against inflation on the Phillips Curve, which measures the percentage of people out of work.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-856d8c93e4b2408d84a03df3b99234c0",
            "input": "The protagonist of this work is nearly killed by Orlick and a \"heartless girl\" in this work marries the nobleman Bentley Drummle. The protagonist of this work met a \"pale young gentleman\" at the Satis House, for whom he later works, and Compeyson was killed by Mr. Provis, who was later revealed to be the benefactor for the protagonist, who gets his money from Mr. Jaggers. The main character later rescues Miss Havisham, who introduced to him Estella earlier. For 10 points, identify this work centering on Philip Pirrip, a work by Charles Dickens.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-27f2440cd4114ae29bd1381ad7d93c12",
            "input": "In 2008, Kumar et al. showed that galectin-3 binds to this structure in human colon cancer cells, inhibiting its activities, and it can also be inhibited by the anti-fungal agent venturicidin. One subunit of this is named for the A6L gene. One notable mechanism of this structure was first observed by M. Yoshida. It contains a subunit known as the (*) \"Oligomycin-Sensitivity Conferring Protein,\" so named because oligomycin can inhibit its activities. For studying this protein, John Walker shared the 1997 Nobel Prize with Paul Boyer. This protein contains the gamma unit or axle, which rotates upon receiving particles from the F0 proton channel. For 10 points, identify this enzyme found in the mitochondria, which catalyzes the production of a namesake universal energy carrier.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a91088736567499fa2ffa70b1c84208c",
            "input": "He theorized the existence of laryngeals while still a student, and he described the development of the vowel a in Memoir on the Original System of Vowels in the Indo-European Languages. He also developed the idea of the linguistic sign and signifier. His most influential work helped to establish structural linguistics; however, it was compiled and published by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye. That work distinguished langue from parole. For 10 points, name this Swiss guy whose notes were compiled into the posthumous Course in General Linguistics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e4dd803e75fd44c3aa801d07e94131cc",
            "input": "Its founder is considered to be Mindaugus, who received a crown from Pope Innocent IV in 1253. Because its nobles desired aid in the Livonian War, it lost its independence in the Commonwealth of Two Peoples, also known as the Union of Lublin, in 1569. At its height, it held the cities of Smolensk and Kiev. For ten points, name this grand duchy, whose great leaders included Vytautus and Jagiello, before it lost its independence to Poland.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a62230e271249329ea421b3f6ddd406",
            "input": "Vladimir Nabokov's Pale Fire takes its name from a line in this play, and Herman Melville coined an \"-ism\" of the title figure characterized by a desertion of one's friends. In Act IV, the protagonist compares himself to an oak tree without leaves and turns down food from an acquaintance. The protagonist pays for Ventidus to be released from jail in Act II, and at one point he calls his servant Flavius the most honest man he knows. Because of Flavius' honor, he gives him some of his gold he dug up in his cave, which he calls his \"yellow slave\". This play begins with a dialogue between a poet and a painter and an important scene occurs when the title character throws a (*) feast for all of his friends, only to serve them plates full of warm water and stones. Reoccurring characters include Apemanthus, a cynic who dislikes the protagonist, and Alcibiades, a soldier who seeks to attack the city from which he was banished. The protagonist learns that money doesn't bring happiness in, for 10 points, what play about a Greek whose generosity leads to bankruptcy, a work by William Shakespeare",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-732f91d3faaa4bf79c71ce97e4854fb7",
            "input": "One of his works shows a man sitting on a lion-headed saddle with a rapier, fending off unseen attackers as his horse moves in the other direction. His Mounted Officer of the Imperial Guard was imitated by Delacroix in The Massacre at Chios. This student of Carle Vernet and Pierre Guerin drew Charging Chasseur and Wounded Cuirassier before executing paintings for Dr. Georget. This creator of Race for the Derby at Epsom depicted a kidnapper, a gambling maniac, and a kleptomaniac, all members of the insane asylum. For 10 points, name this French painter who researched a shipwreck off West Africa for The Raft of the Medusa.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e419c7094054593a35f31e0cb43a215",
            "input": "In this novel, one character discovers that the legendarily pious invalid Madame Stahl stays in bed to hide her stubby legs. The title character is stunned to meet Sappho Sholtz, and earlier breaks into tears when the horse Frou-Frou trips and breaks its back while trying to race Gladiator. One character is induced to trust the psychic Landau by the insidious tutor Lydia, who tries to prevent the title character from bringing gifts to her son Seryoza. Stiva's infidelities upset Dolly, who encourages Kitty's marriage with the plain Konstantin Levin. For 10 points, name this novel, in which the title character hooks up with Count Vronsky and jumps in front of a train, by Leo Tolstoy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4087223caa94e79bb586d329c333b91",
            "input": "In this novel, a man is able to purchase a house because the amount of money he puts on the table kills its owner; that character is later told by a woman that she could have buttered him and eaten him alive. Victoria awakens the central character at 5:30, instead of sending her daughter, and during breakfast, she disembowels rabbits. At the start of this novel, the protagonist recounts a dream to his mother, and he is later identified as the source of Angelas dishonor. That dishonor causes her to be rejected by Bayardo San Roman, and leads Pedro and Pablo Vicario to perform the title event. FTP, identify this novel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, whose title refers to the murder of Santiago Nasar.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be649e92427f42629b7aa319e0fd70ea",
            "input": "During this dynasty, Prince Li Shimin ordered his brothers' deaths in the Xuanwu Gate Incident. One of its rulers' hatred of Yeon Gaesomun prompted one of its invasions of Goguryeo. This dynasty saw the appointment of jiedishi lords, a notable one of whom captured Luoyang in a power struggle with Yang Guozhong. The aftermath of that rebellion by An Lushan influenced Du Fu's poetry during this dynasty. One monarch of this dynasty apocryphally ordered court visitors to give oral sex and started out as one of Emperor Taizong's concubines. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Sui and established a sprawling civil service under Empress Wu.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3cd8f6eb13054104ae159f3b24fff596",
            "input": "An airport in this city that was decommissioned in 2008 and notable for being built from limestone will now be the home of the Bread and Butter fashion show for the next decade. One of its main public areas is named for a Russian Tsar who visited in 1805 and is the home to a massive TV tower that is the largest freestanding structure in western Europe. Other major public places include Gendarmenmarkt, home of the concert hall and the so called \"French\" and \"German\" cathedrals, and Postdamer Platz, which lies just south of Unter den Linden, the Brandenburg Gate, and the Reichstag. For 10 points, name this capital of Germany.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed1aa7dfaab84068b95a821a69752023",
            "input": "Michel Mayor used astrometric data provided by Hipparcos in conjunction with the radial velocity method to investigate ten candidates for them. S Ori 47 has the lowest mass of any known one of these and they release substantial amounts of infrared radiation. Known to fuse deuterium on a small scale, their name was coined by Jill Tarter and Gliese 229B was the first one to be confirmed. The maximum mass of one of these is believed to be approximately 84 times the mass of Jupiter, or the largest mass that is insufficient for normal hydrogen fusion. For 10 points, name this dimmest and least massive star, sometimes referred to as a \"failed star. \"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c95a4afbc0b34f2491744cefca028446",
            "input": "One novel in this language is framed as the diary of a boy who came to serve the Commandant after Father Gilbert's death in a motorcycle accident; that novel is titled Houseboy. In another novel written in this language, a father of seven daughters forcibly raises his eighth daughter, Zahra, as a son. Used to write The Sacred Night and The Sand Child, it is also the language of an epistolary novel in which (*) Ramatoulaye responds to the death of her bigamous husband Modou. This is the language of Nedjma, by Kateb Yacine. The essay \"Black Orpheus\" prefaced a collection of poetry in this language, used to write So Long a Letter by Mariama Ba. For 10 points, name this language employed by Moroccan writer Tahar Ben Jelloun, as well as Leopold Senghor, Aime Cesaire, and other writers of the Negritude movement.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e03bda679bfb4cd3b69f307a769d20b8",
            "input": "In one scene from this novel, Burris torments the first-grade teacher Caroline Fisher. In other scenes, Maudie Atkinson's house burns down in a fire, while one character is forced to read to Mrs. Dubose after he destroys her camellias. A large part of this novel focuses on the trial of Tom Robinson, who was accused of raping Mayella Ewell. At the end of this novel, the protagonist and her brother Jem are saved by Boo Radley. Set in Maycomb, Alabama, this work is narrated by Scout Finch. For 10 points, identify this novel, the only one by Harper Lee.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0a2ce5ff8304941b0349efa2f5aee3a",
            "input": "A particular type of these that loses angular momentum very quickly is exemplified by SGR-1806-20, which had a major event on Dec. 27, 2004. The cores of these are not well understood, but may consist of differentially rotating strange fluid, explaining their equatorial bulges. Proposed by Baade and Zwicky, these include magnetars and have an upper mass limit named for Tolman, Volkov, and Oppenheimer because they are held together by degeneracy pressure from their namesake particles. FTP, name these stars, usually the remnants of supernovas, that are named for the fact that they are mostly comprised of uncharged nucleons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33d091a124a44ee387b6d1300ea845dc",
            "input": "The Abuna River forms the northern border of this country, while the Itenez River forms its northeast. The northern Pando department experiences frequent flooding, while the country's southeast receives virtually no rain. Yungas Road, known as the most dangerous road in the world, connects the country's capital to the city of Chulumani by crossing the Cordillera Real Mountains. This country's highest point is Nevado Sajama, which is part of a plateau that dominates this country. El Alto and Oruro are cities in the Altiplano, whereas Cochabamba is in the plains and Santa Cruz is in the lowlands. For 10 points, name the country that is home to the world's highest navigable lake and has two capitals.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b49461372434710a30937f300af184e",
            "input": "WER: Rudolf Carnap [10] Carnap was a member of the Vienna Circle, a philosophical association alternatively named for this empiricist who argued that the mind knows only its own sensations and, in his The Science of Mechanics, stated that inertia should be defined relatively and in relation to the stars.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e542127c49074a44a062e9696df93c8e",
            "input": "This man explored what effect skyscrapers have on urban life in \"Vertical City,\" and he studied people who communicate by repeating radioed messages, cyranoids. He studied the responses to people cutting into lines or asking for someone to give up their seat on the subway, and he asked people to send packages to those most likely to know the target in his small world experiment. Variations on his most famous experiment showed higher stress rates in women, though they were just as likely to continue operating the machine. For 10 points, name this man who had people administer electric shocks in his obedience experiment.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f90f89dd42e6467694cd7864703d4330",
            "input": "A comet hits Cadiz in this man's play about Victoria and Diego, while Dora resolves to follow Kaliayev's fate after he is executed for bombing the Grand Duke in The Just Assassins. Other dramas include \"The Possessed\" and \"The Misunderstanding. \" Along with stories like \"The Growing Stone\" and \"The Adulterous Woman\" collected in The Exile and the Kingdom, he created the character Jacques Cormery in his last, unfinished novel. Nonfiction works include a treatise claiming that the only truly serious philosophical problem is suicide and his Stalinist The Rebel, but he is better known for his existentialist novels. FTP, name this author who wrote about Dr. Bernard Rieux in The Plague and Mersault in The Stranger.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-550f43e7ccf24157a00e6b8a97f4fef8",
            "input": "In a section directed to the realists in Book Two of this work, the author mocks their supposed project by referencing a Schiller ballad about a boy who entered a temple in the city of Sais who secretly lifted the veil of Isis. This work warns of the danger of Amor fati and warns against the seduction of the belief in personal providence in a section dedicated to St. Januarius. The author claimed that this was the \"most personal of all my works,\" containing a \"Prelude in Rhymes\" titled \"Joke, Cunning and Revenge\" and an appendix consisting of songs of Prince Freebird. Suggesting that just like the shadow of Buddha was shown in caves after his passing; we too cannot overcome the shadow of God and its title derives from a Provencal expression regarding the skill of a troubadour. For ten points, name this work by Friedrich Nietzsche that introduced the aphorism \"God is dead\" and whose title suggests a happy school subject.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9fd46a4285b24dde87e120166feb870f",
            "input": "Near the end of this play, one of the main characters re-lives her 12th birthday and realizes how little people appreciate life while they live it. Also at the plays conclusion, a number of the deceased characters sit in the graveyard and gossip about the lviing. The godlike Stage Manager serves as the narrator and provides background information on the plot, which centers on the love, marriage, and separation by death of George Gibbs and Emily Webb. For 10 points, name this play set in the fictional Grovers Corners, New Hampshire, written by Thornton Wilder.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f07b5d6d9eaf44e0b37e6905babffaa8",
            "input": "One method of producing this functional group involves an elimination and then expulsion of sulfur dioxide from an alpha-halo sulfone in the Ramberg-Backlund reaction. Also produced form the treatment of tosylhydrazones with strong base in the Bamford-Stevens reaction, this functional group changes positions in the Cope rearrangement. Shrock carbenes and Fischer carbenes catalyze a reaction switching the substituents of two of these compounds, and Lindlar's catalyst is used to produce their cis examples stereoselectively. They are most easily produced in Zaitsev elimination of alkyl halides, and two of them are crossed in a namesake metathesis. For 10 points, name these compounds with formula CnH2n, the simplest example of which is ethylene.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-364f6ec47de04c4db7e6654173982dc3",
            "input": "He describes flicking his sword and singing Taking the Hard Road in Ancient Air, and claimed My thoughts of you are like the Wens waters in a poem written to his greatest rival. Another of his poems describes himself, his shadow, and the moon surrounding a pot of wine, though Americans may known him best from a work where the addressee has gone to the land of the swirling eddies and has abandoned his child-bride, and from Mahlers use of a compilation of his work, The Chinese Flute, in Das Lied von der Erde. Notably translated into English by Ezra Pound, FTP, name this Tang poet of The River Merchants Wife, best known for not being Du Fu.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-485071188f4f4844b00de580308ed9e6",
            "input": "This countrys northern lakes include Chiuta and Shirwa, and port towns include Xai-Xai and Lichinga. Ethnic groups in this country include the Shangaan in the southern regions, such as the Gaza province, while the north is dominated by the Makua. The Ruvuma River forms part of this countrys northern border, and this country disputes the name of a lake which borders its Niassa Province. Its capital city lies in the southern tip and was once known Lourenco Marques, and the Zambezi River empties into the this countrys namesake channel in the Indian Ocean. FTP, name this former Portuguese colony with capital at Maputo.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f9dbfab6bf6e4f3b9a37293ca8c5d267",
            "input": "Two of its products play a role in fetal brain maturation, and OATP1C1 and MTC8 have been implicated in their transport across the blood-brain barrier. In humans, this organ is on the same plane as the cricoid cartilage, and its namesake superior artery emerges from a point above the origin of the ascending pharyngeal, lingual, and facial arteries. Its follicular cells secrete tyrosine derivatives, its parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin, which is opposed by PTH produced by four glands embedded in its surface. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine, or T3 and T4, are the primary products of, for 10 points, this butterfly-shaped organ, which may develop a goitre because of iodine deficiency.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c70f76d774b24af89dd952f4bb36dd2f",
            "input": "The Tano Sulcus bisects part of this bodys surface. Its motion is technically anti-synchronous with respect to the object it orbets. Found by William Lassell, its so-called cantaloupe terrain is probably caused by cryovulcanism and its atmosphere consists largely of hydrocarbons, including methane. For ten points, name this largest moon in the solar system with a retrograde orbit, the most massive moon of Neptune.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c319596ad09743ef927e795e98d673e4",
            "input": "This man came to power after the Clean Hands investigation uncovered the so-called bribesville scandal, which wiped out his countrys five biggest political parties. His party made two political alliances known as the Pole of Freedoms and Pole of Good Government, while one government led by this man was known as the House of Freedoms coalition. Reforms enacted by this man include modifying his countrys proportional representation system to give the largest party an extra 5% of seats in the hope of creating more workable majorities. His usual coalition partner is the Northern League, and with his connections to the Finivest Holding Company, this man controls most of his countrys television stations, as well as A.C. Milan, and his primary political opponent is Romano Prodi. For ten points, name this controversial conservative Prime Minister of Italy.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c659782a782746a4af8f973460ead56e",
            "input": "This man argued that chance has an objective status in the universe, a theory known as tychism. In another paper by this thinker, \"The Doctrine of Chances,\" he maintained that a logical man would be willing to sacrifice his life to save the world and branded social Darwinism \"The Gospel of Greed.\" This man also dubbed the world of appearances the (*) \"phaneron\" and claimed that the triadic relation of sign, object, and interpretant necessitated an infinite and evolving sequence of signs. He also proposed three titular universal groupings, \"Firstness,\" \"Secondness,\" and \"Thirdness,\" in his \"On a New List of Categories,\" and asserted that the scientific method should be used as a basis for the title concept in \"The Fixation of Belief.\" FTP, identify this author of \"How to Make Our Ideas Clear,\" an American pragmatist.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-621ad894e77b414992b14dba3af1338c",
            "input": "It typically occurs at triple junctions, though often one arm becomes a failed rift, as happened with the Red Sea and the Niger River. Debate continues over whether this process is driven by active or passive upwelling, but bands of alternatingly polarized ferromagnetic deposits confirmed its existence. Proposed by Harry Hess in the 1960s, it is now believed to be caused by convection currents in the upper mantle. Notably occurring at the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, FTP name this geological process in which oceanic crust is created, the mechanism that drives plate tectonics.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22f2a9ece25c417c90977513d6c7377c",
            "input": "servant at an inn in this work loses his leg when he develops gangrene after the surgery intended to correct his club-foot fails. That surgery is performed upon Hippolyte by a doctor in the provincial town of Yonville, where that doctor and his wife meet the law student Leon Dupuis and as the wealthy landowner Rodolphe Boulanger. Both of these men have affairs with the doctors wife, Emma, the title character of, for 10 points, what 1857 novel by Gustave Flaubert",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d480fb2b68694b61b6daeee56c8ed1f9",
            "input": "One writer from this country concludes that \"each of us holds / something / in our mouths\" in her poem \"Blue Bird.\" Another wrote that \"With me it wasn't all that dramatic. / A slight stroke in the morning, from time to time\" in a poem that says that for another person, it was \"a one-time thing.\" One poet from this country wrote that \"Each of us has a name / given by the sea / and given by / our death.\" In a verse novel from this country, Dita moves in with the father of her boyfriend Rico, an accountant named Albert Danon. One poet from this home country of Zelda asked \"through what crack shall I see the white housing projects of my dreams\" in his poem \"Half the people in the world,\" and in another poem wrote \"That's not a scar you feel under my shirt, that's / A letter of recommendation.\" That author of the radio play Killing Him refers to a friend named \"Little Ruth\" who died in the (*) Holocaust. For 10 points, name this home country of Agi Mishol, Natan Zach, Yehuda Amichai and Amos Oz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3290f65075b947238c810af7abfdf741",
            "input": "The 4-thio version of this molecule is useful as a zero-length crosslinker, and a fluorinated version of this molecule shows promise as an anticancer agent because it inhibits thymidylate synthase. The pseudo- version is found in the psi arm of certain structures, and its diphosphate is a carrier for glucose during glycogen synthesis. It spontaneously deaminates into cytosine, and its misincorporation is caused by extreme folate deficiency. First isolated by the hydrolysis of herring sperm, FTP, name this pyrimidine nucleotide that base pairs with adenine and replaces thymine in RNA.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06bc9dd1997f46c78dcc70e3e8745a08",
            "input": "The Mayan prefix \"\"ox\"\" or \"\"ux,\"\" as in the place-name \"\"Uxmal,\"\" means this in English. A defining feature of Semitic languages is that every word is formed from this number of consonantal roots. In German and Latin, this is the number of grammatical genders. In Mandarin and in Japanese, this number is \"\"san. \"\" American legal writing preserves an outdated term for quantities that have been multiplied by this number, \"\"trebled. \"\" For 10 points, give this number, which in Portuguese and Spanish is \"\"tres. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50bb9fbba8ff4a7aa4f890fe60e6ec42",
            "input": "Results of this technique for organic molecules can be used to calculate the Kovats index. The molar mass distribution of polymers can be found with the size-exclusion type of this technique. The retention factor of this technique can be calculated as the migration distance of the analyte divided by the migration distance of the solvent. Pigments can be analyzed in the \"paper\" type of this technique, which also comes in high-performance liquid and \"thin layer\" types. For 10 points, name this chemical technique that separates mixtures based on polarity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-814b4c1e32b94aac91be1f3a93faa876",
            "input": "One phase of this people's creation myth involves another god turning people created by Con into monkeys. The wife of this people's chief deity is seen as the patroness of fishermen, and the aforementioned primordial people were divided into ten separate communities by four brother-sister pairs who used a golden staff to emerge from caves to the Earth's surface. One god in this people's pantheon was allegedly appeased by people who tied up and starved black dogs, and this mythology's primordial flood only spared two brothers and their families and was caused by Paricia. Mama Occlo and Manco Capac founded the World Pole in this culture's pantheon, and its empire's capital is considered the \"navel of the world\". Drawing inspiration from the earlier Tiahuanaco culture, for 10 points, name this mythological system that venerates deities such as Mama Quilla, Inti, and Viracocha.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2957d45360b45a6950155599523b283",
            "input": "This Biblical figure gained his name when, at his birth, his mother said \"I have possessed a man by the favour of the Lord.\" This man founded the city of Enoch, which he named after his son. He bore a special mark on his forehead, \"lest any finding him should kill him,\" and was banished to the Land of Nod. After performing his best-known action, this figure asked, \"Am I my brother's keeper\" For 10 points, name this Old Testament son of Adam who killed his brother Abel.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1b10ad048d04d52ae9e49a5ecbfb42b",
            "input": "One man from this country described the Newbys' attempts to dissolve the title character's marriage with a white woman leading to his pursuit by police in The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith. Another author described a bet about the transportation of a glass cathedral up this country's coast in Oscar and Lucinda. Laura Trevelyan and the titular German explorer travel across this country in [*] Voss, and another work from this country centers on a Nazi who protects Polish Jews from the Holocaust. For 10 points, name this nation home to Peter Carey, Patrick White, Thomas Keneally, the author of Schindler's Ark.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e6b679f008649f286a2b35beccd2d93",
            "input": "The Dominican bachata may derive from this genre. Songwriters in the duple meter Latin American version of this genre include Rafael Hernandez, Pedro Flores, and Jose Pepe Sanchez, whose \"Tristezas\" is sometimes considered the first song in this genre. Works in the triple meter European version include Chopin's Opus 19 in C Major and a piece in which the snare drum plays the exact same thing for fifteen minutes. For 10 points, identify this genre of music and dance which lends its name to a terribly repetitive work by Maurice Ravel.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-219ca88479d74d9f8ace1157a1adeb45",
            "input": "This element blocks the flow of calcium through NMDA channels, while compounds containing this metal are used to treat eclampsia. The hairpin ribozyme requires this metal to fold, and the the CorA protein transports this element across bacterial membranes. It is weakly bonded to the terminal phosphate groups of ATP. EDTA is used to chelate this metal, and it is found in a compound that contains a phytol side chain. Its stabilizing effect on the backbones of nucleic acids makes it a necessary cofactor for DNA polymerase, meaning its chloride is used in PCR reactions. Also found at the center of the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll, for 10 points, name this metal present as a +2 ion in solution, with atomic number 12 and symbol Mg.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e862d59f448442d8f7216c6f666130f",
            "input": "In a paper promoting the TIP5P model of this compound, Mahoney and Jorgensen noted that incorporating terms for flexibility or polarizability does not improve accuracy in modeling its major density anomaly. One of the earliest five-site models of this substance is named for Ben-Naim and Stillinger, and four-site models of this substance place its center of negative charge on a dummy atom and began with the Bernal-Fowler model. Ether is guaranteed free of this compound, when bottled with three or four angstrom molecular sieves, and this compound is removed from reaction mixtures using magnesium and sodium sulfate. This compound reacts with Grignard reagents to give alkanes and forms an azeotrope that is commonly entrained using benzene with ethanol. Such computational models all must take into account its unusually strong hydrogen bonding, which drives up its boiling point to one hundred degrees Celsius. For 10 points, name this compound whose triple point defines the Kelvin scale.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4a29bca6ea449528311adc98fdde496",
            "input": "Though he was a strongly nationalist composer, he found his own musical language in Paris after studying with Ravel for 3 months. This French influence is apparent in his first string quartet in G minor, and a song cycle for tenor, string quartet, and piano that took its title from the first of the six poems of Housmans A Shropshire Lad. Near the outbreak of World War II he adapted words from The Merchant of Venice for his Serenade to Music and also wrote Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus. His first symphony contains text by Walt Whitman and his seventh depicts impressions of life on Antarctica, while a poem by Meredith inspired his romance for violin and orchestra, The Lark Ascending. FTP, name this English composer of Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-132b716afdf34c938865d1359597e677",
            "input": "This novel was published in the U.S. under the title The Labyrinthine Ways. The main character is contrasted with criminals when his picture in the police station is put up next to that of a bank robber. The main character avoids the Red Shirts by traveling by mule into the country's interior, where he takes Marca for his wife, as did his counterpart Father Jos. The main character is then duped by a mestizo and then imprisoned for practicing the rituals of the Church despite being outlawed in Mexico. FTP, identify this novel centering on Father Montez, one of the most famous works of Graham Greene.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d12063b6c4554511b87ced0da27b5389",
            "input": "In Sinclair Lewis's It Can't Happen Here, this figure authors a \"lively pamphlet\" where he identifies key politicians as \"Liars [who] Have Refused to Accept My Freely Offered Advice\" after being appointed Ambassador to England. A pair of lovers turn anything they touch into ivy in his Springtime and Harvest, while he examines eighty-five historical artists in Mammonart, one of his (*) \"Dead Hand\" works. A series of works by this author of They Call Me Carpenter includes Wide is the Gate and World's End and centers on Lanny Budd, while another work tells of James Arnold Ross, whose son Bunny likes socialism. FTP, identify this author of Dragon's Teeth and Oil, best known for writing about Lithuanians like Jurgis Rudkus who endure the horrors of the Chicago stockyards in The Jungle.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91b8a47f9e1e4ab9995bdd513927ba6f",
            "input": "The southern branch of this movement erroneously identified the Magyars as Slavs. Their leader, Colonel Paul Pestel, proposed Jacobin-style dictatorship but departed from his French model in advocating communal land ownership as a solution to the deprivation of the peasants. The competing Northern Society proposed instead emancipation and a democratic system in the constitution of Nikita Muraviev, while radicals coalesced around Kondraty Ryleev. The military officers who met in Senate Square were dispersed and exiled to Siberia. FTP, name this movement which, upon the abdication of Constantine, resisted the accession of Nicholas I as Tsar in the last month of 1825.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-817af33205ee44a0b00f4ffa35b5c707",
            "input": "His first opera was about a 13th century German knight who loves the wife of the antagonist Duke Robert, the lady Freihild. His last opera or \"conversation piece\" on the contrary, is a debate among musicians, poets, and artists about whether words or music is more important in opera, set in a 18th century Countess's house in a single act entitled Capriccio. His final work uses Joseph Eichendorff's poem Im Abendrot and three Herman Hesse settings related to death for Vier letzte lieder. FTP, name this composer of Tod und Verkalung, Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks, and Ein Heldenleben, which were among his tone poems, the most famous being Don Juan.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8cf515448cf84b8fbfff89a4a51628c6",
            "input": "The Franz Joseph and Fox Glaciers can be found in this nation, notable for existing at low altitudes. Its largest lake, found in the caldera of Mount Tauhara, is drained by the Waikato River and is called Lake Taupo. Its region known as the Canterbury Plains is found to the south of Christchurch, while its tallest mountain is Mount Cook. Also including the city of Auckland, the Cook Strait separates its two constituent islands, which are called North and South Island. For 10 points, Wellington is the capital of which island nation found east of Australia",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43bb0392b04541718a93db0dd8096c4b",
            "input": "Edvard Munch painted two versions of his own of this work, but Munchs versions feature his former lover Tulla Larsen in a role left out of their predecessor. Remaining obscure after the imprisoning of one known as the Incorruptible at the Htel de Ville, this work was praised by Baudelaire, who stated that its title figure could now challenge Apollo. the title characters right arm dangles lifelessly, while in his left hand is a letter on which the viewer can see the name of Charlotte Corday. FTP, identify this painting by Jacques-Louis David that depicts a leader of the Reign of Terror stabbed in his bathtub.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c05493b8a254ca88551e2f17296942c",
            "input": "Proteins destined for these structures are post-translationally modified to include mannose-6-phosphate residues on their N-linked oligosaccharides. The addition of the M6P tag to enzymes, such as aryl-sulfytase A, is being investigated as a potential treatment for diseases that affect these organelles, which diseases include metachromatic leukodystrophy and Fabry's disease. Once inside these structures, the proteins and their M6P tags dissociate due to the environment created by vacuolar ATPase, which is closely related to the proton pump used in oxidative phosphorylation. FTP, identify these organelles containing hydrolases that function best at a pH of about 5 and which are structurally similar to peroxisomes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91a3411b0c794b4eadd55eedf7d25ad3",
            "input": "This work compares being \"in a slough of foul and filthy lusts\" to being \"kept down by the lusts of an unclean swine\" in showing that unrighteousness degrades humanity. A Latin pun along the lines of \"The sole power which can see all is justly to be called the solar\" is used to illustrate the power of God in a section that ends asking \"Why do ye sluggards turn your backs When the earth is overcome, the stars are yours. \" One figure claims the siren Fortune has \"preserved her own constancy by her very change. \" It opens with the title figure angrily asking \"Who has suffered these seducing mummers to approach this sick man\" when she sees the Muse of poetry encouraging the narrator to write gloomy songs. The narrator bewails how he saved Paulinus and Albinus and opened himself to the persecutions of Conigastus and Trigulla, favorites of Theodoric. Written during its author's imprisonment in 524, for 10 points, name this work of Boethius.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b210f2135df4041b7326a2166af6e89",
            "input": "This president appointed Joseph McKenna as his attorney general and William Day as Secretary of State, after the brief tenure of John Sherman in that office His wife Ida suffered from epilepsy, and during state dinners he would cover her face during seizures. He supported the Dingley Tariff after taking office by way of a campaign funded by Mark Hanna. Following the death of his first vice president Garrett A. Hobart, the position remained vacant for two years. For 10 points , name this Republican in power during saw the explosion of the USS Maine and much of the Spanish-American War, before being assassinated by Leon Czolgosz.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f27d506a6d094804850f74a6e068fcd2",
            "input": "His works like \"Principles of Social Education for Deaf and Dumb Children\" and \"Problems of Mental Retardation\" showed his concern for the education of the handicapped, whose difficulties he attributed to social barriers rather than clinical abnormalities. The founder of a laboratory dedicated to the study of defectology, he used the controversial term \"pedology\" to describe his studies in childhood education. He is often compared to Piaget because of his theory of cognitive development in children, which argues that the assistance of more experienced peers is crucial to the ability of children to learn concepts outside their limited range of understanding, a process he called \"scaffolding. \" The author of Thought and Language, this is, FTP, what Byelorussian psychologist known for his concept of the zone of proximal development",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d78701495dda471f80100afa59887113",
            "input": "In this conflict, Christian of Anhalt's forces were defeated at the Battle of White Mountain, marking the end of the \"Bohemian\" period of this war. The Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II tried to retroactively enforce the Peace of Augsburg and replace Protestant leaders in German states with Catholic leaders during this war. Although the Protestant forces were victorious at the battle of Lutzen in this conflict, they lost their leader, Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden. For 10 points, identify this war that was ended by the Peace of Westphalia and lasted from 1618 to 1648.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9f70906de3543fe862588971f7fb852",
            "input": "This religious movement traditionally recognized \"Recorded Ministers,\" some of whom ran unplanned \"waiting worships\" that concluded when the two eldest worshipers exchanged a handshake. Its earliest leaders were known as the \"Valiant Sixty.\" The \"Gurneyites\" are one offshoot of this movement, whose members typically attend Yearly Meetings. This religious movement, which traditionally used the pronoun (*) \"thee\" and refused to swear oaths, believes that they all have Christ's \"inner light\" shining within them. It was founded in the 1600s in England by George Fox. For 10 points, name this nonviolent protestant sect also known as the \"Society of Friends.\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a26c89c411114068836840c5b19b259d",
            "input": "It exists because of electron degeneracy pressure; as electrons are compressed closer together, more exist per unit volume and must take on higher energy levels as mandated by the Pauli-exclusion principle. A relativistic state equation can be used to calculate it as the radius of a white dwarf decreases with an increase in its mass. Developed shortly before its namesakes theory on black holes, for ten points, name this value of about 1.4 solar masses, the maximum mass of a star which can be supported against gravitational collapse.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf0fff91c92b4186a8b7464e0f8148a5",
            "input": "This author wrote about a young man and an assassin looking for a cheap inn in \"\"An Experiment in Misery. \"\" One work by this author sees Scratchy Wilson pick a fight with the sheriff before learning that Sheriff Potter is married. Another work features an easterner, a cowboy, and a Swede at Pat Scully's title establishment. This author of \"\"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky\"\" and \"\"The Blue Hotel\"\" wrote a novel set in the Bowery in which Pete leaves the title character for Nellie in Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. For 10 points, name this author who wrote about Henry Fleming in The Red Badge of Courage.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0d95735a1b2458190eb9d86fd3d1453",
            "input": "His early career included working as an army scout during the Battle of Monmouth and as the adjutant general to William Alexander, Lord Stirling. His treatise A View of the Conduct of the Executive defended his conduct as minister to France and viciously attacked Washington, who never forgave him. His diplomatic career continued as he assisted Robert Livingston in negotiating the Louisiana Purchase and argued against impressment in Britain. He supported the founding of the Liberia colony and was known as the \"Last-Cocked Hat\" for being the last of his generation to be President, but his best-known contribution was actually written by John Quincy Adams. FTP, name this man whose isolationist stance is now known as his \"Doctrine,\" the fifth President of the United States.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-070650f22ba24e19ad3203ed66f69d51",
            "input": "Members of this phylum a triploblastic protostomes that generally exhibit bilateral symmetry. Their larval development suggests close links to Annelids, but veliger stage of their larval development is unique. A class of this phylum is represented by the chitons, consisting of the highly muscular foot, the shell, and the mantle. The mantle cavity contains leaflike flaps extending from the foot called gills, and all members excepting one contain an extensible raspy tongue called a radula. Its largest and most diverse class is the gastropoda, which can retreat within its shell for protection. Others include the cepholopods and bivalves. For ten points, name this animal phylum who counts among its members oysters, clams, and octopuses.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-154ecb77efd345bdb66e75744e756fd6",
            "input": "The fascist party in this country used the logo of a man riding a bear, and this country was home to the Diet of Porvoo. Frederick Charles of Hesse briefly served as King of this country, but was deposed after World War One. This country developed the motti tactic, which allowed it to win the Battle of Raate Road against a numerically superior force, but it was forced to cede the Petsamo region to its eastern neighbor. Before fighting the Continuation War, this country built a defensive line named for Carl Mannerheim and developed the Molotov Cocktail. For ten points, name this country that fought the Winter War against the Soviet Union, with capital at Helsinki.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1051802bd8bd4a5aa7402f3ee03d8ca2",
            "input": "The mouth of this river includes Baker Bay, Grays Bay, and Youngs Bay. Its early course takes a u-turn around the Selkirk Mountains to flow south, although it most notably flows west. Important points along this river include Kettle Falls and Celilo Falls and it was first called the River of the West by Spanish explorers. It also includes Sauvie Island and Miller Island, formerly known as Rock Island, the site of one of the many dams built on this river. It enters the Pacific Ocean near Astoria. For ten points, identify this river of the northwest U.S. that forms much of the Washington-Oregon border.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cbbfee89d08c4a57b90972c9b8803941",
            "input": "Angels flutter overhead while an outstretched man is brutally tortured in his Martyrdom of St. Erasmus, which ruined his career as a public painter, while women weep at right as spear-wielding soldiers discover the titular event in his Death of Germanicus. A baby is handed to one figure as a boat attempts to rescue stranded men in Winter: the Deluge, while a sickly man is attended in Extreme Unction, which joins Ordination as part of his (*) Seven Sacraments series. His Plague of Ashdod is a large action scene separated by columns, much like his depiction of Romans committing the titular crime. He showed the internment of an Athenian stateseman in Burial of Phocion and depicted twirling figures holding hands in Dance to the Music of Time. Also noted for his Rape of the Sabine Women, FTP, name this French painter responsible for a work showing some shepherds around a sarcophagus, Et in Arcadia ego.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fc64bb0c09824e7cb20c1aceea42d0dd",
            "input": "This battle's outcome was partially caused by the losing commander's decision to split up his army so it could live off the land, leading to the initial skirmishes at Benautzen, Grossbeeren, and Katzbach. Also, the losing general was so badly afflicted with bladder problems that he could not mount a horse and even fell asleep at one point in the action, leading his subordinates to try to hold Mochern without his guidance on the first day. After the second day, the losing commander tried to retreat during the night, but he prematurely blew up the stone bridge over which his army was retreating and stranded his rear guard, whose 30,000 men were annihilated. Despite the efforts of Marmont and  Murat, this battle ended in victory for the forces of Karl van Schwarzenberg , Crown Prince Jean Bernadotte, and Marshal Gebhard van Blcher. FTP, name this battle fought in October, 1813, a defeat for Napoleon whose nickname came from the alliance of the victorious side.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-370f4993da8b431e9048663e05258881",
            "input": "In one story, an early ruler of this city made eleven copies of a prophecy-inscribed shield that fell from the sky. This city was home to the Sibylline Books. Amulius overthrew the grandfather of one of this city's founders, leading that man to be brought up as a shepherd by Faustulus. Twelve vultures appeared over its Palatine Hill during this city's founding. The doors of the temple to Janus were opened during times of war in this city, whose founder killed his brother for jumping over its walls. For 10 points, name this city, founded by Romulus after killing Remus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76874ef6263241cf851a112bc82a15db",
            "input": "This country and its southern neighbor entered into the Ogdensburg Agreement. Freight rates were lowered in this country following the Crow's Nest Pass Agreement. The speedy arrival of a force under Frederick Middleton led to the relatively quick end of a rebellion in this country. After the death of Premier Duplessis, the desire to be \"masters of our own house\" led to the Quiet Revolution in this country. The passage of Bill 178 led to great opposition to the \"distinct society\" clause of the Meech Lake Accord, which was an attempt to amend this country's constitution. Hugh Allan was given the contract to build this country's namesake Pacific Railway, which led to the resignation of John Macdonald. For 10 points, name this country whose PMs have included Kim Campbell and Pierre Trudeau.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0460f66118794efd81aaddd01cac87a2",
            "input": "One of this work's key points is illustrated by an Indian who can't remember what supports a turtle ridden by an elephant. Its second book features thought experiments like the grinding of an almond and the destruction of a shaft of wheat which brings to light the relationship of an altered object with its full perception, which the author elaborates in his reply to the Molyneux Problem. In its third book, the author attacks the abuse of language inherent in the Scholastic perception of \"the essence,\" citing a disconnect of the word with its idea. Its first book contains the observation that children possess no mutual assent to a set of knowledge, thus refuting Descartes's doctrine of innate ideas. FTP, name this treatise that introduces the concept of the \"tabula rasa,\" the major epistemological work of John Locke.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-198d06be69ab43e096e2d6c225b74633",
            "input": "This poem may have been written to compete with a similar one by Horace Smith. An unnamed man tells the speaker that the subject's creator had correctly identified \"the hand that mocked\" and \"the heart that fed.\" This poem's speaeker describes a \"wrinkled lip\" and a \"sneer of cold command.\" The head of this poem's central figure is [*] shattered and lies \"half sunk\" in the sands, which \"stretch far way\" around the \"colossal wreck,\" while \"two vast and trunkless legs of stone\" in the desert are all that remain. Containing an inscription that reads, \"Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!,\" for 10 points, name this Percy Shelley poem about a fallen statue.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63d495dc025c4c7590b0235a336fabd5",
            "input": "One reaction to prepare these compounds adds diazomethylphosphonate esters to aldehydes under basic catalysis and generates vinyl-diazo intermediates. Along with aldehydes, these compounds are the degradation products of alpha, beta-epoxy tosylhydrazones in the Eschenmoser fragmentation. A coupling involving both palladium and copper catalysis, in which these compounds react with aryl halides, is the Sonogashira reaction. These compounds react with azides to form triazole rings in a well-known click-chemistry reaction, and terminal ones can be deprotonated by sodium amide. They are reduced to cis-alkenes by the poisoned Lindlar catalyst. This functional group is composed of two sp-hybridized carbons. For 10 points, name this functional group consisting of a carbon-carbon triple bond.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a1a99ec958994ad9b964cdb3992e8239",
            "input": "One battle won by this non-Norman polity is also known as the battle of the battle, because a city named the battle was established there in celebration of victory. This polity signed the Treaty of Zamora, and won its independence at the Battle of Ourique against the Almoravids, which led to the establishment of the House of Burgundy in this polity under its first independent king, Afonso Henriques. This politys capital was liberated from the Moors with the help of English knights who were en route to the Second Crusade, and at the Battle of Aljubarrota this country defeated an invasion from Castile. After the Battle of Alcazaquibir, where this politys King Sebastian died, it would be annexed by Philip II of Spain. For ten points, name this Iberian country with capital at Lisbon.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1124348c87d49e585ff56f6a2aa7ff1",
            "input": "Code and Welch first observed the kind of these structures that emit ultraviolet radiation, challenging popular opinion that they would be dark in that part of the spectrum. Their metallicity is given by the magnesium-sigma relation. Isophotes that describe these structures may feature a twist in them, or a boxy appearance. AGNs that emit radio waves are typically found within these structures, one example of which is M87. They have their surface intensity related to empirical distance via de Vaucouleurs' law. An empirical law modeling the luminosity of these structures is derived from the fundamental plane relation and states that the luminosity is equal to the fourth power of the velocity dispersion, which is known as the FaberJackson relation. For 10 points, identify these galaxies named for their oblate shape.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40f5fec1ee354bda871aada82cb8f0ee",
            "input": "Pilgrims departing from Vienna or Venice began to go through southern Moravia following this event, which closed three competing routes. A treaty at Messina kicked off this event. This event began after Urban III died of shock upon receiving Josius of Tyre. Berengaria of Navarre was released from Cyprus at the start of this event, which also included Isaac II's cooperation being secured by the capture of Adrianople. At its end, a one hundred thousand mark (*) ransom was demanded by Leopold of Austria for a hostage. In what is now known as the Goksu, a leader of this event died, in the river then known as the Saleph. For 10 points, name this crusade on which Frederick Barbarossa died, which fell apart after Philip II of France and Richard the Lion-Hearted bickered about how to fight Saladin in the early 1190s.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7f5b165f92a4a4a9aa78c1417546184",
            "input": "This \"Foremost of the Westerners\" is linked with Serapis through the Apis bull. This son of Geb and Nut (NOOT) was cut into fourteen pieces that were scattered throughout the country by his brother. His wife revived him after she and Nephthys (NEF-this) found thirteen of those pieces. After he was revived, this brother of Set fathered Horus. For 10 points, identify this husband of Isis and the Egyptian god of the dead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe3c45632bfe407e836ee74f08b9a0ef",
            "input": "artist painted himself holding a cello in an early self-portrait and depicted himself behind bars in Self-Portrait at St. Pelagie, based on a real sentence he incurred for being the President of the Arts Commission for the Paris Commune. He painted a golden hair comb at the feet of two embracing women in The Sleepers. After three of his paintings were rejected from the 1855 Universal Exhibition, this artist held his own private pavilion, in which he displayed a painting that includes (*) Proudhon and Baudelaire and is divided in half by a giant canvas and a nude model. He drew both praise and condemnation for his painting of an ordinary provincial funeral. For 10 points, name this foremost member of the French realists who painted The Artist's Studio and The Burial at Ornans.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-313bfd433f5a4a4f9d9f4238d9649934",
            "input": "Literature-inspired works by this man include a ballet score based on Nosferatu, Grohg, and a piano trio after Anskys The Dybbuk, Vitebsk. He wrote the play opera for high-school performance The Second Hurricane and a Scherzo Humoristique, The Cat and the Mouse, while his biblical works include 4 Motets and In the Beginning. Known for orchestral works such as An Outdoor Overture and his Short Symphony, he created a musical and spoken word portrait of Abraham Lincoln along with a ballet containing a famous Hoe-down, Rodeo. Also known for Appalachian Spring, this is, FTP, what composer of a Fanfare for the Common Man",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4eb0992b0436412caa4da890e105748a",
            "input": "One short story by this author sees a father tell his daughter a parable about the dangers of wishing a certain holiday came around too often, while another sees the title character convince her fianc George Gearson to enlist, only for him to be killed early in the Spanish-American War. Besides \"Christmas Every Day\" and \"Editha,\" one of his better known works sees the title character advised by David Sewell, though he is hurt financially by the destruction of his Back Bay house. Another famous work sees Conrad killed in a streetcar riot and the literary magazine Every Other Week run by the protagonist Basil March. For 10 points, identify this author of The Rise of Silas Lapham and A Hazard of New Fortune.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2113e5402f14ffca15461ba85a07511",
            "input": "The original use of osmium and uranium catalysts for it has now given way to iron catalysts containing potassium and aluminum oxide promoters. The reaction involved is reversible and exothermic, so that a high yield is favored by low temperatures around 450 degrees Celsius. The raw material now most frequently used for it is called synthesis gas, which is used in the reaction between 3H2 and N2. Of immense importance for the fixation of nitrogen for fertilizers, FTP, what is this industrial process for producing ammonia",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-16a96b7edb7b4801a2f7b8dc7d5a5072",
            "input": "Fort Campbell straddles this state's northern neighbor and its own city of Clarksville. The Hunter Museum of American Art is located in one of this state's major cities. The busiest cargo airport in the United States is found in this state, in a city located at the confluence of the Wolf and Mississippi Rivers. A landmark in this state includes several tombstones in its Meditation (*) Garden, and a \"Jungle Room\" that was used as a recording studio. Centennial Park, located in this state's capital, is home to a replica of the Parthenon, as well as the Grand Ole Opry House. For 10 points, name this home state of Elvis Presley whose largest cities are Memphis and Nashville.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2a96ae11d2944c2ad7ba95b9618dd75",
            "input": "Mother Peep is a facist demagogue in a play that this author set in the Radiant City, which also includes the typist Dany. Another play by this author claims that philology leads to calamity, which is said by the maid in response to the Professor and the Student. In addition to The Killer and The Lesson, he rewrote a Shakespearean tragedy into MacBett. He wrote a play in which Marguerite and Marie are the wives of the title character, entitled Exit the King . An elderly couple jumps out of a window in one play, while multiple Bobby Watsons appear in a play by this author, which also shows a fireman looking for a fire. For 10 points, identify this most famous for The Chairs, The Bald Soprano, and a play where everyone except Bernger turns into the title animal, The Rhinoceros.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ec23ccca71b420985b338c601f42940",
            "input": "This religion led to the creation of the Paulicians, whose founder Constanine cited it as the basis for his beliefs. Its doctrines were communicated after the 26 days of trials, or \"Passion of the Illuminator,\" that its founder underwent. According to its divisions, the auditors were allowed to marry and hoped for rebirth, while the celibate elect were allowed ascension after death. This notion was in line with the dualistic realms of Light and Darkness that it preached. FTP, name this religion founded in the third century AD in Persia by the \"Apostle of Light,\" Mani.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-788a12c1ec6248f6b37c0d87fd83f700",
            "input": "The converse of this theorem is the basis of the Pratt certificate. Paul Zeitz' proof of this theorem relies on considering a bracelet consisting of beads with a fixed number of characters, then removing those with only one unique character. Another proof of it relies on using Lagrage's theorem on a multiplicative group G. Also the basis of the RSA encryption scheme, the Carmichael numbers notably foil the test named for this theorem, which can be generalized using Euler's totient function. Stating that a to the p is congruent to a modulo p, for ten points, identify this theorem of number theory named after a French mathematician, which is less famous than its namesake's last one.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-648b3e35a8e84794aed4a81d3d95e70f",
            "input": "The Vedic god Soma represented it, and in Hindu myth the god associated with it presides over Rohini and Shravana. In Aztec myth, it was formed after the head of Coyolxauhqui was cut off by Huitzilopochtli. The Mesopotamian representation of it was the husband of Ningal, and was born to Enlil and Ninlil, and is called Nanna or Sin. In Norse myth, Hati chases Mani, who is the god of this entity, while the Mayan goddess representing it sometimes holds a rabbit in her hands. For 10 points, identify this entity represented by Selene for the Greeks and Luna for the Romans.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08790fbd383f4e0280e7efe202037605",
            "input": "Influenced by the lectures of Francois Guizot, he was a close friend of Gustave de Beaumont, traveling with him to America, England, and Algeria. The July Revolution of 1830 caused him to break with the old liberals, whom he criticized in The Ancient Regime. Intending to study prison reforms, he set out for America, and produced Marie, or Slavery in the United States. FTP, name this political theorist, the author of Democracy in America.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f9f56c853e1841f29387b092a7941b0d",
            "input": "One character in this novel retrieves a cross of cypress and a cross of copper from a drawer. This novel includes a policeman who drinks champagne in the Crystal Palace named Zametov. This novel's epilogue takes place in a prison hospital, where the protagonist ponders the suicide of Svidrigailov. Porfiry Petrovich investigates this novel's protagonist, who is loved by the prostitute Sonia Marmeladov and murders the pawnbroker Alyona Ivanovna. For 10 points, name this novel centering on the murderous Raskolnikov, written by Fyodor Dostoyevsky.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92ff7062fc534bab91eed5d318f2a1a4",
            "input": "In of this man's large works which drew upon Egyptian mythology contains a \"fulfillment\" section, and was executed for the Palais Stoclet. Another of his paintings shows a red-haired woman curled in a fetal position who smiles in a contended manner as a shower of gold flows down her thighs. In addition to that depiction of Danae, he painted depictions of \"Lavisciousness, Wantonness, and Intemperance\" and \"The Three Gorgons\" which are flanked by depictions of \"Suffering of Humanity\" and a \"choir of angels\" for another exhibition. That work was inaugurated along Gustav Mahler conducting the titular artist's Ninth Symphony. In addition to painting Beethoven Frieze, he also painted two portraits of Adele Bloch-Bauer and depicted a man decorated with rectangles and a woman decorated with circles as they embrace. For 10 points, identify this artist who painted The Kiss.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-afe6cdf0d4dd4b34864b7ea9870c8fe0",
            "input": "The ecclesiastical policies of this king caused a riot that began when Jenny Geddes threw a stool at a minister's face. He faced a scandal after he ordered the execution of Sir John Eliot and eight others for holding down Sir John Finch in his chair. Thomas Darnell was among the \"five knights\" who brought a common-law challenge to this king's \"forced loans,\" which he used to raise funds alongside an unconventional \"ship money\" tax on people living within fifteen miles of the sea. This king, who set off a rebellion in Ireland when he signed the death warrant of Thomas Wentworth, entered into \"The Engagement\" with the Scots, which prompted John Cook to accuse him of treason. After the murder of the Duke of Buckingham three years into his reign, this king's policies prompted the promulgation of the Petition of Right. For 10 points, what king, who appointed William Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury during a \"personal rule\" that prompted the English Civil War, was executed in 1649",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-15c9fc9f801441c3a72fe3c43e9ae00a",
            "input": "A fish couple and a pot full of pure water are numbered among its eight auspicious symbols, and the endless knot is another prominent motif. Its cosmogony divides the universe into seven parts, including the Nigoda, where the lowest life-forms reside, and its members practice Satya, or truthfulness, as well as aparigraha or 'detachment. ' Visions of a famine by one of their leaders led to the schism between the \"white-clad\" and \"sky-clad\" sects, and its followers perform a fivefold bow when reciting the fundamental prayer, the Navakar Mantra. Based on the teachings of men like Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, FTP, identify this Indian religion which teaches that the way to bliss is through nonviolence and renunciation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d38ffa5b78a647d89a8c24b9ffe74ec5",
            "input": "While ruled by Reccared I, these people converted from Arianism to Catholocism. This group collapsed after Roderic was killed at the Battle of Guadalete. Toulouse served as an early capital for these people, whose rulers often came from the Balti dynasty. Their kingdom in Gaul was defeated at the Battle of Vouille by Clovis I, after which this group moved their capital to Toledo and ruled over most of Hispania. One ruler of this group died at the (*) Catalaunian Plains. For ten points, name this Germanic group, led at times by Theodoric I and Alaric I, that sacked Rome in 410 AD, often contrasted with the Ostrogoths.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a36748bdb006427781cf38152685d91e",
            "input": "Eugen Jochum made an acclaimed recording of this piece with Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau as one of the soloists, which was endorsed by the composer himself. A chorus sings \"Hail to the loveliest\" in a section of this work titled after Blanzifor and Helena. The only tenor aria in this work is sung mostly in falsetto and from the point of view of a (*) roasted swan. The most famous section of this work compares the title figure to the changing phases of the moon, and pleads \"everyone weep with me.\" This work celebrates love and wine in the sections \"In taberna\" and \"Cour d'amors,\" and it is based on a medieval collection of poems in both Latin and German, including \"O Fortuna.\" For 10 points, name this secular cantata by Carl Orff.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6470b381fb764dd3a8b9a1988573e9f7",
            "input": "Carmichael proved that large ones of these do not share prime factors with other ones, and Wall-Sun-Sun primes are necessarily these. Matiyasevich's disproof of Hilbert's tenth problem relied on these values to show that Diophantine equations have solutions that can grow exponentially, and a pair of them give the Euclidean algorithm its worst-case runtime. Their generating function is x divided by 1 minus x minus x squared, and every positive integer can be written as the sum of non-consecutive ones of these according to Zeckendorf's theorem. The Lucas numbers obey a similar rule as them, and one formula for generating them relies on the Golden Ratio, known as Binet's formula. Defined recursively by summing the previous two numbers in the sequence, for 10 points, name these numbers that begin 1, 1, 2, 3, 5",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b426351a308c46e7b30d50eb9302088a",
            "input": "[AR] Beginning from the Hamiltonian form of a particular eigenfunction of its related equation, the application of the adiabatic principle is a crucial step in its derivation as it leaves a residual electron-phonon interaction. It is an essential assumption of a rule that explains the intensity of vibronic transitions, the Frank-Condon principle. It assumes that nuclear motion is negligible as compared with electron motion and thus separates the wavefunction of the molecule into that of the nuclei and electrons. For 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous approximation useful in solving the time-independent Schrodinger Equation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bca673ae0dab409ba5d75f32e33c2ab4",
            "input": "During this conflict, the newspaper Atlas spread rumors about a new weapon called the Boulet Asphyxiant, raising fears that were dispelled by further rumors of MacIntosh's Portable Buoyant Wave Repressor. Pioneering celebrity chef Alexis Soyer designed a \"magic stove\" for soldiers in this war, which was documented by journalist William Howard Russell and photographer Roger Fenton. In this war, the 93rd Highlanders under Colin Campbell stood in a row two-deep to resist a cavalry charge, earning the nickname \"Thin Red Line.\" Miscommunicated orders to Lord Cardigan from Lord Raglan led to a disastrous assault at this war's Battle of Balaclava. For 10 points, name this 19th century war that featured the nursing efforts of Florence Nightingale and the Charge of the Light Brigade.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b2ca1bab59349f4ba7bfb134356b969",
            "input": "The narrator claims that, because the English do not believe in genii like the Muslims do, it's difficult for him to find a way to save this character from Tyburn. He discusses the merits of equality with a Gypsy-king with whom he takes shelter for the night, learns how a gambling problem and the betrayal of Watson lead to the destitution of the Man of the Hill, and gives three guineas to a novice highwayman who fails to rob him. He discovers the highwayman is Mrs. Millers cousin when he arrives in London, where he is nearly executed for stabbing Mr. Fitzpatrick while avoiding the affections of Lady Bellaston. He is also helped by his one-time lover Mrs. Waters, who is briefly thought to be his mother before Squire Allworthy sorts things out. For 10 points, name this foundling created by Henry Fielding.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8dc93a0ce9041168defd8acec1d0e83",
            "input": "Cities in this geographical region include Santa Laura and Maria Helena, and a large source of revenue comes from its Calama basin. Lying mainly between the south bend of the Loa River and the mountains separating the Salado-Copiap drainage basin, this region is under the control of a nation acquired it in the 1883 Treaty of Ancon. Salt flats stretching from the Andean foothills make up a significant portion of this region. Copper mines at Chuquicamata and mineral deposits northwest of Antofagasta containing sodium nitrate have made this area the subject of conflict in the War of the Pacific. For ten points, identify this South American desert, a cool region that defines a border with Peru but is primarily found in Northern Chile.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffd8df8c5117428ba69caf42664ec2be",
            "input": "He painted a monastery with a tree on the right side in his circular painting The Charterhouse. He painted a girl in a white dress next to her brother in orange shorts and a black hat in Heneage Lloyd and His Sister, and a less characteristic portrait is that of John Kirby, who is in front of a dark brown background. He shows a man leaning with a long rifle and his wife sitting on a bench in a blue dress next to a plowed field in Robert Andrews and His Wife Frances, though he is better known for a depiction of a young Jonathan Buttall. FTP, name this English portraitist, a rival of Joshua Reynolds who painted The Blue Boy.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a90a57cdc6e430c905880e44275ad70",
            "input": "One account of this deity's birth refers to him by the name Zagreus and describes his body being torn to shreds by the Titans. This god convinced Hephaestus to ascend to Mt. Olympus, and he himself replaced Hestia among the Twelve Olympians. In exchange for helping his satyr friend Silenus, this god awarded (*) Midas a single wish. After she was left behind on Naxos by Theseus, this god rescued Ariadne. Zeus saved this god by sewing him into his thigh after his mother Semele was burnt to ashes by seeing Zeus in his full glory. His frenzied female followers are known as Maenads. Also known as Bacchus, for 10 points, name this Greek god of wine.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-377e756cecdf46bdac94bb6a046bad47",
            "input": "This composer was briefly engaged to the Belgian mezzo-soprano Dsire Artt, to whom he dedicated his Six French Songs. Among his symphonies are his unnumbered Manfred Symphony, one subtitled \"Polish,\" and one whose second movement features a waltz-like melody in five-four time. His Marche Slave shares parts with a composition that is partly scored for cannon fire. He also wrote a ballet that features the \"Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy. \" For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Pathtique Symphony, the 1812 Overture, and The Nutcracker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0cc76f073884605a24ba96457272bcd",
            "input": "some idols of this figure, his head is shown surrounded by a circle of flames. He is shown possessing a drum whose beat provides the rhythm of the universe and one of this god's sons killed the asura Mahisha. This figure is given an epithet that indicates his burning of Kama with the use of his third eye. During the churning of the ocean, this deity swallowed the halahala, which led to his blue throat. In another of his forms, he is shown performing a dance as stands on Maya, the king of the Asuras. This figure is the father of Ganesha, and his consorts include Sati and Parvati. For 10 points, name this destroyer god that makes up the Trimurti with Brahma and Vishnu.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6aa5b19c77340ca97c3cce1bef5bfc1",
            "input": "Along with Rembrandt's Sea of Galilee, this painting is critiqued in Eric Avery's Haitian Interdiction print. This work's artist never visited the site depicted and gleaned most of the details from the engravings of Peter Canot, including its depiction of Morro Castle at the upper right. The title character, a future Lord Mayor of London, lies below two men in white shirts who reach out toward him. Modern theorists make much of the impassive stance of the African-American man in the center of this work, who limply holds a rope, while his white companion furiously thrusts a spear at one of the denizens of Havana harbor. FTP, identify this painting featuring a boat's crew attempting to rescue the title figure from a bloodthirsty animal, the most famous work of John Singleton Copley.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4c3c792ff2454caca041c9ff271d41a4",
            "input": "One of this author's topical plays involves Trygaeus, who miraculously brings about an end to the Peloponnesian War, and was written days before the Peace of Nicias. In addition to Peace, he wrote several vicious satires of the Athenian statesmen Cleon, and he mocks intellectual traditions of Athens in a play where Strepsiades sends his son to the Thinkery. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek comic playwright of The Wasps, Lysistrata, and The Clouds.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a857c658c0f48d28a8eac628dbf4dad",
            "input": "The end of one of this poet's works includes the exclamation \"Cease, gentle muse! \" after describing the speaker's reaction to depictions titled Aurora and Damon. Aurora is again mentioned in the last line of this poet's hymn to the title time of day, which occurs before \"Night's leaden scepter seals my drowsy eyes. \" In addition to the poem composed on seeing the works of Scipio Moorhead and that Hymn to the Evening, this poet suggests students \"Improve your privileges while they stay\" in an address To the University of Cambridge, in England. This poet wrote the line \"Once I redemption neither sought nor knew\" for a work that closes with a reminder to her race to \"be refin'd\" in one work and in another poem she addressed her country's hero \"Fam'd for thy valor, for thy virtues more. \" For 10 points, name this early American female poet behind To His Excellency General Washington and On Being Brought from Africa to America.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-59ebc4e4b05949dc94bcc96a9773b569",
            "input": "Peter of Blois claimed that this man's reign was a time of no blessing, and this man waited four years before selecting a successor to Lanfranc. This man sent Edgar Atheling to dethrone Donald Bane. He built a castle in the city of Carlisle, which he captured after forcing King Malcom III to submit to his rule, and he also put down a rebellion by Robert of Mowbray. He pledged to cut taxes in order to stave off an earlier rebellion by Odo of Bayeux and Geoffrey of Contances, which sought to replace this man with his brother Robert Curthose. He confiscated all property belonging to his appointed archbishop St. Anselm, and he was finally killed by Walter Tirel, allowing another brother to take the throne as Henry I. For 10 points, name this second Norman King of England, who shares his name with his father, the Conqueror. \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-213daca42c5c406faaf02748d7b5c648",
            "input": "With its HM74A receptor, this compounds inhibits the liploysis of adipose tissue, and it is also used to treat a condition associated with aminoaciduria and cerebellar ataxia, which is commonly known as Hartnup disease. Oral ingestion of it leads to vasodilation caused by the release of prostaglandin, which leads to a flushing response. People whose diets are high in maize and millets tend to suffer from a deficiency of it, as leucine can inhibits is biosynthesis from tryptophan. Its deficiency is commonly associated with dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea, which are commonly called the \"three Ds\" and nicotinamide dinucleotide, or NAD, is a derivative of this vitamin. For 10 points, identify this vitamin, whose deficiency causes pellagra.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-109bb401389346eea66505ae53c2b84b",
            "input": "In the year 2000, Colin Matthews added an eighth movement to this work. Many of its parts were copied out by prisoners-of-war interned at Islington, near the girls school at Hammersmith where the composer was employed. The orchestra plays a pianissimo throughout the final movement, which is subtitled \"the mystic,\" while the previous section, subtitled \"the magician,\" has notable timpani solos. The work was inspired by Clifford Bax, who introduced the composer to astrology, and also includes sections subtitled \"the bringer of jollity\" and \"the winged messenger. \"  FTP, name this orchestral suite which has only seven movements, as Pluto had not yet been discovered when it was composed by Gustav Holst.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13aab8a3197e468cae5cfd4299a92131",
            "input": "He attended the International Labor Organization in Geneva for his country before turning to writing. More recent works include The Crystal Frontier, Voluptuario, and The Orange Tree. His first short story collection, The Masked Days, was followed up by  Constancia and Other Stories for Virgins. He gained little acclaim for his first novel When the Air is Clear, although Philip II's construction of El Escorial was the subject of a more famous work, Terra nostra, and he also wrote a fictionalized account of Ambrose Bierce's last days in The Old Gringo. FTP, name this noted Marxist and author of The Death of Artemio Cruz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-957f1030b4b24d429f2336eb2cafc38f",
            "input": "Juan de Urtubia led the sacking of this city by the Navarrese Company 68 years after it was captured by the Catalan Company following the battle of Halmyros. It is generally assumed that this city gained control of two additional districts in a confederacy following its 427 BCE capture of Plataea. Cassander repaired the damage this city suffered following its unsuccessful revolt against the League of Corinth, which came 3 years after its defeat alongside Athens at Chaeronea. Philip II of Macedon spent time as a captive in this city, giving him an opportunity to study the improved phalanx tactics developed by Epaminondas. FTP name this polis which enjoyed a few decades of hegemony on the strength of its Sacred Band.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44a17ae6a64c4500a4e75d426598f41c",
            "input": "Comanche and Pawnee are the two National Grasslands in this state, where Gunnison National Forest is located just south of the town of Glenwood Springs. Parks in this state include Great Sand Dunes and the cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde. The United States Air Force Academy is located in this state. Crested Butte, Breckenridge, Aspen, and Winter Park are ski resorts located in this state. It has the highest mean altitude of any state, and its mountains include Mt. Elbert and Pike's Peak. For 10 points, name this \"Rocky Mountain\"  state with capital at Denver.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-020eeaefc2a240b29d00d18bf12a4de2",
            "input": "One of his works shows a giant fish, saber, candle, and large letters spelling out Reading Club. \" The set and costume designer of the opera Victory over the Sun, he is best known for works first displayed at the 0.10 exhibition. His painting An Englishman in Moscow is reminiscent of Synthetic Cubism, and he is also known for bright metallic color and cylindrical shapes as seen in The Woodcutter and The Knife-Grinder, though his later preoccupation with abstraction was already evident in Head of a Peasant Girl. That preoccupation would lead him to build structures he called arkhitektonics and assemble collages invaded by blank rectangles of pure color. FTP, name this painter of White on White and Black Square, the founder of Suprematism.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6111251cb3364a6baa9b66cc01c297b5",
            "input": "A scene in this work at the Gate of Wisdom sees a priest convince the protagonist that women have trivial opinions. In one of its scenes, a character falsely claims that he rescued the protagonist from a snake, after which three women hand the liar a rock and padlock his mouth shut. This opera features the famous Tremble not, my dear son aria, and its incredibly demanding aria Der Hoelle Rache requires a range up to F6 for its soprano role. A man dressed in birds feathers in this opera is Papageno, who is a servant of the villain. The plot of this opera centers on the love of Tamino for the maid Pamina, and the attempts to thwart the relationship by the Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this work that features an instrument which can change mens hearts, an opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e6e229e589d45b3905743707b50bb4c",
            "input": "Vivaldi wrote 37 concertos for this instrument; the most famous of which is probably La Notte.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c9bea108117d42fbb8496852566cb9b0",
            "input": "One of his forms is a union of himself and his consort in one body known as Ardhanarisvara, while other manifestations include Dakshinamurthi and Nataraja, the cosmic dancer. The Ganges flows through his hair, breaking its fall to the earth. He has imparted his immense knowledge of the arts to his sacred mount Nandi, which always appears opposite the main sanctuary of his temples. In private shrines he is generally worshipped in the form of the lingam, a phallus that is fixed upon a pedestal. The father of Skandi and Ganesh, FTP, who is this god of the Hindu trinity, known as the Destroyer",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c507cb13d3b74bd09b4f715fc15a50d7",
            "input": "One participant in this conflict gained fame for defeating Sam Dale in a fistfight that took place on a single canoe. This conflict was started over responses to programs instituted by Benjamin Hawkins. A force under Peter McQueen made up one side of this conflict's Battle of Burnt Corn, while the incident that led to this war was orchestrated by William Weatherford. This conflict ended with the Treaty of Fort Jackson and started with the Fort Mims Massacre perpetuated by the Red Sticks. For ten points, name this conflict in Alabama where Andrew Jackson defeated a namesake Indian tribe.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-740a023188c14efab8cfd9d08d76ddef",
            "input": "\"Calculus racked\" and \"Tussis attacked\" the subject of this author's poem \"A Grammarian's Funeral. \" The subject of one of his poems refers to \"a great text in Galatians\" which \"entails / Twenty-nine distinct damnations\" as he condemns the indulgences of Brother Lawrence, while another of his poems begins by exclaiming \"Grow old along with me! / The best is yet to be. \" This author of \"Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister\" and \"Rabbi Ben Ezra\" and the collection Dramatis Personae wrote of someone who \"found a thing to do\" in strangling the title character with her own hair. His best-known poem reflects on a man with a \"nine-hundred-years-old name\" who is proud of a statue of \"Neptune... taming a sea-horse\" by Claus of Innsbruck. FTP, name this poet of \"Porphyria's Lover\" and \"My Last Duchess. \" \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d129635e6de2463d99f391c60d68f86b",
            "input": "In one work by this artist, the heads of a wolf, a lion, and a dog are contrasted with three human heads of varying ages, while in a work set in a pastoral scene, Christ leans away as a Mary Magdalene dressed in red reaches out to him. In addition to An Allegory of Prudence and Noli Me Tangere, his Concert Champetre, which inspired Manet's Luncheon on the Grass, was once attributed to his teacher, Giorgione. In one painting, Cupid dips his hand in a sarcophagus on which a clothed and a nude form of the contrasting title figures are seated, while another painting shows a reclining nude on whose bed lies a sleeping dog. For 10 points, identify this artist who painted Sacred and Profane Love and Venus of Urbino.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-476439767bc04859a8309ecdc02dc5ba",
            "input": "By the equivalence principle, a homogenous gravitational field is equivalent to this quantity. The time derivative of this quantity is jerk. In the kinematic equation for position as a function of time, this quantity is the coefficient of the time-squared term, because it is the (*) second derivative of position. By Newton's Second Law, it is equal to force over mass. For 10 points, name this quantity that is the \"\"a\"\" in \"\"F equals m a. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e51632acded47eca3b8046cba1f08b6",
            "input": "This ruler employed the generals Mazares and Harpagus, who were sent to attack Asia Minor, as well as Gubaru, who worked in Mesopotamia. According to one story, this ruler won a battle by placing camels at the front of his army, whose smell distracted his opponent's horses. That was the Battle of Thymbra. This man won the Battle of Opis by (*) diverting a river so that his men could cross it. Rulers defeated by this man included Croesus of Lydia and Nabonius of Chaldea. This man appears in the Hebrew Bible where he brings an end to the Babylonian Captivity and he was succeeded by his son Cambyses II. For ten points, name this founder of the Achaemenid dynasty, the first ruler of the Persian Empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5adc6cd7d9d24c9bb46b8463a24444d5",
            "input": "The author's introduction contains the ominous statement that the reader may be so corrupted by its contents that he risks sending his soul to Hell, a warning later quoted by T.S. Eliot in the Waste Land. After the publication of its second edition, the French Minister of Justice confiscated this book, because it contained poems, such as the \"Litanies of Satan,\" that the government considered blasphemous and obscene. FTP, name this collection of poems by Charles Baudelaire.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1cbe5437b36d4c0f8d74f908f651f48a",
            "input": "This work opens with one woman meeting a coal miner at a Christmas dance, leading to their marriage, but she is unable to obtain her material necessities from his drunken state. While Annie and Arthur are able to carry on without her attention, that character's third oldest child, the protagonist of this work, eventually wins four prizes in local exhibits for his painting. However, his relationship with the wife of Baxter Dawes ends when he sees that character hospitalized with typhoid fever. He reconciles Clara with her husband, soon after which he gives a morphine overdose to his cancer-stricken mother Gertrude, whom he cannot bear to leave. Paul Morel leaves Miriam Leivers at the end of, FTP, which novel by D. H. Lawrence",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5236f19d5fe440d9ad36e0486a8c4127",
            "input": "He started out in his family's stone-carving business before coming to work with Bruno Paul and then Peter Behrens before opening his own firm. His work in Europe included the Tugendhat House in the Czech Republic as well as the Weissenhof apartments and Berlin's New National Gallery. He went on to design the German Pavillion at the Barcelona exposition during his time as director of the Bauhaus. FTP, name this designer of the Seagram Building, an architect whose motto was \"Less is More. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62dd5693e1654d04b5376556ed95237b",
            "input": "Its existence was first confirmed by neutron diffraction experiments conducted by Clifford Shull on a sample of manganese oxide. In a sample exhibiting this characteristic, the magnetic moments align in a regular pattern with neighboring moments pointing in opposite directions, resulting in a net magnetization of zero. At certain temperatures, these materials become disordered and begin to exhibit paramagnetic properties, a point which is known as the Nel point, and which is similar to the Curie point. FTP, identify this type of magnetism which is the opposite of ferromagnetism.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5456efbc247642b0b62e29ad7e806783",
            "input": "One of this deity's sons brought Etain to Midir out of gratitude, and fell in love with a woman in the form of a swan, Cer Ibormeith. This god killed Cridenbel by giving him food containing three gold coins, and assured his side's victory over the Fomorians in the Second Battle of Magh Turedh by sleeping with the Morrigan. This son of Danu and father of Angus mac Og owned a club which could kill nine men on one side and revive them with the other, a harp he used to control the seasons, and a magical cauldron that never ran out of food. FTP, identify this Celtic god of the earth, the leader of the Tuatha de Danann, whose name means \"the good god. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-377f87d2db5f4cf2adf607f562a6d84b",
            "input": "One of his paintings appears to show a young boy looking at the viewer, holding up the decapitated head of a deer by its antlers. In addition to Putto with Hunting Trophy, this artist painted a now-lost Madonna of Albinea. He was commissioned by the abbess Giovanna Piacenza to paint numerous frescoes for a chamber in her convent, and he painted a fresco depicting a scene from the Book of Revelation on the ceiling of the San Giovanni Evangelista. In addition to painting works in the previously mentioned convent of San Paolo, this artist created a fresco of the Assumption of the Virgin on the ceiling of the dome of the Cathedral of Parma, as well as a series of four paintings depicting scenes from Ovid's Metamorphoses, such as the Abduction of Ganymede and Danae. For ten points, name this artist of the Loves of Jupiter series.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b07915ed207f439d81556ccfd4e9640e",
            "input": "This nation's largest city contains the Malecon 2000, and its capital was founded as a colony at Cuenca. Attractions in this nation include the Mitad del Mundo and the open-air markets at Otavalo. This nation contains the Avenue of the Volcanos, and its highest peak is the furthest from the center of the earth. An 1822 meeting between Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar took place in its largest city. It contains the peaks of Chimborazo and Cotopaxi, and this nation owns an archipelago that contains the islands of Isabella and Santa Cruz and the Charles Darwin Research Station. For 10 points, name this South American nation containing the Galapagos Islands, whose cities include Guayaquil and Quito.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf51a82f4d7e415b9d95858bf282a74c",
            "input": "This structure was transplanted by Robert Briggs and Thomas King into a frog cell. The dye DAPI is used to stain this structure, which contains Cajal [kah-HAHL] bodies. Importins and exportins move molecules into and out of this structure, respectively. Intermediate filaments known as lamins line the inner surface of this structure, which is surrounded by a double membrane. One of its substructures includes a granular component and is a site of ribosome production. For 10 points, name this structure that contains DNA organized into chromosomes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4adc3b63c00e4eb8b4e0d13ddb9beb98",
            "input": "In the aftermath of this conflict, Isokyro was burned to the ground. An early treaty in this war saw one side agree not to intervene and cede territory to Holstein-Gottorp, the Peace of Travendal. One side in this conflict scored its first ever naval victory at Gangut, while a land victory for the opposing side saw Charles Eugene de Croy defeated by a force one fourth the size of his. Carl Gustav Rehnskiold commanded for one side in the bloodiest battle of this war, Poltava. FTP, name this war during the time of Charles XII and Peter the Great, which saw the downfall of the empire of Sweden.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac84627ce7094fbe8987d7acfca51da7",
            "input": "Iconography was a series of portraits that was posthumously completed based on his preliminary sketches. His painting career began in the workshop of Hendrick van Balen in his native Antwerp. Soon after graduating his apprenticeship, he traveled to Genoa, where he did a series of famous Baroque portraits of the Genoese aristocracy. His most influential teacher was Peter Paul Rubens, with whom he studied for two years before settling in London in 1632. FTP, name this Flemish painter, whose masterpiece is a portrait of his patron entitled Charles I in Hunting Dress.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b974d91aa73542d58c08dc33c50e5764",
            "input": "With his twin brother, this figure stole bones from the underworld and used them to create humans. A rival of this deity is (*) Tezcatlipoca (TETZ-cat-lee-POKE-uh), and the arrival of a certain conquistador was mistaken as the return of this figure. Confused by the natives with Hernan Cortes, for 10 points, identify this Aztec god, a feathered serpent.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ccb71564ec0b4af7940a5de7cda53b23",
            "input": "A popular concerto for this instrument in B minor was written by Antonin Dvorak. Five of these instruments play at the beginning of the William Tell Overture. Performers who played this instrument include Mstislav Rostropovich and Pablo Casals. A piano trio usually consists of a piano, violin, and this instrument. J.S. Bach wrote six suites for an unaccompanied one of this instrument. Like with the larger double bass, music for this instrument is written in bass and tenor clef. For 10 points, name this large string instrument played by Yo-Yo Ma.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31585539d4f64ee9ae7ec6b1914bbc7c",
            "input": "A story about this war featured a \"messenger from God\" praying for enemy soldiers to be torn \"to bloody sheds\" and is titled \"The War Prayer.\" Before war was declared, Vermont Senator Redfield Proctor declared his travels had shown him \"the worst misgovernment\" and \"barbarity\" he had seen. A cartoon mocking it featured two men pushing blocks labeled \"War\" while wearing the smocks of the Yellow Kid. Prior to this war, (*) newspapers labeled Valeriano Weyler the \"Butcher,\" and the Teller Amendment promised the U.S. would not annex land. Called \"a splendid little war\" by John Hay, its decisive battle was won by George Dewey at Manila Bay. For 10 points, name this 1898 war sparked by the explosion of the Maine, in which Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders won the Battle of San Juan Hill.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ff72aa4b7b9a437fb0b8293c9ad5adb4",
            "input": "This state is home to the Roaring Fork River, which flows past the town of Woody Creek, where Hunter S. Thompson painted a large middle finger on the roof of a barn to greet air travelers arriving at nearby Aspen. National parks in this state include Great Sand Dunes and the Anasazi site at Mesa Verde, and suburbs of this state's capital include Cherry Creek and Aurora. this state features a large university in its city of Boulder, a city located along the Front Range, a major mountain range in this state. For 10 points, name this state home to a large portion of the Rocky Mountains, with capital at Denver.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a40a252d6ee4ea19d4f3a485339d5b5",
            "input": "The subject of one poem by this author may be \"a mouthpiece of the dead\" and the narrator no longer listens \"for the scrape of a keel/On the blank stones of the landing\". In another work of this poet, her skin was \"bright as a Nazi lampshade\", and in another, certain flowers \"talk to the redness of my wound\" and \"eat my oxygen\". This writer also created a character that like her, attempted to kill herself by swallowing a bunch of sleeping pills under a house, although unlike Esther Greenwood, she succeeded. For 10 points, name this confessional poet of \"The Colossus\", \"Lady Lazarus\", and \"Tulips\", and the author of The Bell Jar.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffdf029a2e9e4bf682a61af2aceb361f",
            "input": "The Wushe incident here saw the Seediq people led by Mona Rudao massacre a bunch of Japanese civilians in the namesake village. The Seventh Fleet has been dispatched twice to defend against potential attack on this location, which was threatened when Quemoy was shelled. This polity contained Fort Zeelandia, which was captured by the Tungning Kingdom under Koxinga. The shooting death of a cigarette merchant in this country triggered its repressive White Terror following 2-28 incident. This country controls Kinmen, Matsu, and the Pescadores, and held its first democratic elections in 1996, when it elected Lee Teng-Hui president. Its largest city was declared the \"wartime capital\" by a man who fled here with the Kuomintang after losing to Communists. For 10 points, Chaing Kai-Shek Memorial Hall can be found island nation's capital of Taipei",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fce33eee8dae44feb3a06f019b571db3",
            "input": "One way of calculating this quantity compares it to a standard of this value which can be calculated by the Edlen equation and involves finding the angle of minimum deviation. This quantity is modeled by the sum of a constant term and a term inversely proportional to wavelength squared in the (*) Cauchy equation, which is generalized to a three-term expansion by the Sellmeier equation. This quantity is related to polarizability by the LorentzLorenz equation, and it equals the square root of the product of relative permeability and permittivity. The Fresnel equations describe light moving between media with different values for this quantity, which is one for a vacuum. For 10 points, name this quantity which appears in Snell's law, the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to that in a medium.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a572a7bb7f2b4328981bc9ffdd9e54df",
            "input": "The Shklovskii effect is a quadratic variant of this, and it produces a Gaussian spectral line profile through thermal broadening. The Ives-Stilwell experiment showed that the relativistic formula for this effect was correct, rather than the classical formula. Hasselkamp, Mondry, and Scharmann's 1979 experiment was the first to directly test the transverse version of this effect, which classical predictions say should not exist. First analyzed by Buys Ballot in the realm of the pitch of sound, FTP name this effect whose strength depends on the relative velocity between source and receiver, a namesake shift in the frequency of a wave as the source moves relative to the observer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3881cc3336d948e7a9fb5f5a39088e04",
            "input": "A mezzotint by Valentine Greene depicting the event showed in this painting is currently housed in the New Brunswick museum. The Morro Castle can be seen in the background of this painting. The far left edge of this painting shows a red flag unfurled, while the other three flags visible are all white. One figure with his back to the viewer wears a red scarf while a more visibly concerned man facing him wears a green scarf. Another figure is visible between the legs of a man wearing white who has raised one buckled foot in order to brace himself to strike down with a pike. Depicting an event that took place in the Havana harbor, the bottom edge of the painting obscures the right foot of one title figure; along with a bit of blood, this is the only visible damage done by the other title fish. For 10 points, identify this painting depicting a row boat attempting to rescue a youth under attack in this John Singleton Copley painting.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-485be302adb347ac926d3e50b6ad5d4a",
            "input": "In the Elsner reaction, this element forms a coordination complex with cyanides. Relativistic contraction of this metal's outermost s orbital allows it to dimerize, leading to the strongest form of metallophilicity. Among metals, this element has the highest electronegativity and electron affinity, and it has the uncharacteristic oxidation states of +1 and +3. A mixture of nitric and (*) hydrochloric acid dissolves both platinum and this element. A ring of zinc sulfide surrounded a sheet of this element which deflected alpha particles, in the experiment where Rutherford proved the existence of the nucleus. For 10 points, name this noble metal located below silver on the Periodic Table, which has symbol Au.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96501f03d1624960a18f7811e66ba651",
            "input": "This author wrote a work in which Pollo Phoibe and Celstina fall in love after discussing the construction of the El Escorial, and wrote another work in which Felipe Montero dreams of eloping with Consuelo's 109-year-old niece. In addition to Terra Nostra and Aura, this author wrote a more recognized work that describes (*) Harriet Winslow, the General, and the title character in love triangle. In his most famous work, a corrupt politician has an affair with Laura and desires to inherit Don Gamaliel's fortune, while the title event occurs after his traveling to Hermosillo. For ten points, name this Mexican author who fictionalized the last days of Ambrose Bierce in The Old Gringo and wrote The Death of Artemio Cruz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92fd4d05be8d47939e2df0a700d5179b",
            "input": "The layout of this painting mirrors the plan for St. Peter's Basilica. In the center of this painting, a man wearing a purple shirt slumps against a box, scribbling on a sheet of paper at the bottom of some stairs. To the right of him, a man dressed in blue reclines on the stairs while reading a sheet of paper in his hand. On the left side of this painting, a small crowd gathers around (*) Pythagoras as he writes in a large book while kneeling. To the right, a small crowd watches as Euclid bends down and draws on a small tablet on the floor. For ten points, name this painting by Raphael depicting Plato and Aristotle walking together through the title building.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5ada8563f174c04a198c352a3298e58",
            "input": "U. S. state passed the Fernald Law, making it illegal to export hydroelectric power out of state. In the 1920s, it was led by Governor Owen Brewster, who succeeded Percival Baxter with the backing of the Ku Klux Klan. Two million acres of its land was known as the Bingham Purchase, for William Bingham, and its native sons include Treasury Secretary William Pitt Fessenden. The June Riot was an uprising against a mayor in this state, the future presidential candidate Neal Dow, who sponsored an 1851law named for this state which banned sale or manufacture of alcohol. Also the birthplace of House Speaker Thomas \"Czar\" Reed, a noted Senator from this state opposed McCarthyism with her \"Declaration of Conscience\" speech  that was Margaret Chase Smith. Also the home state of a man exposed by the Mulligan Letters, FTP, name this birthplace of a certain \"continental liar,\" James Blaine, whose boundaries were disputed during the Aroostook War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9093ec04cfc742cfb3143ac8dbdb376a",
            "input": "In one painting with this name, a man in red with his hand extended behind his back heads toward the main figure, who is collapsed on the ground; that painting is by James Barry. On the left side of this painting, a red-clad runner approaches the scene waving his hat in his left hand and holding a flag in his right. The two rightmost people in this painting both look at the title figure with their hands (*) clasped. The figures in this painting are depicted wearing contemporary clothing, despite Joshua Reynolds' insistence that the artist dress them in classical clothing. A native American in a pose similar to The Thinker is looking at the title figure of this painting. For 10 points, name this painting of the final moments of a British general by Benjamin West.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8420bf46b6e4fcfab9c5ba430a24983",
            "input": "During the reign of one of this politys kings, the royal cult of Zomadonou was consecrated; that king, Tegbessou, also mutilated the corpses of the Zou people he defeated. Another king, Adandozan, was overthrown by his brother Gezo, who was succeeded by his son Glele. One reform introduced by its third king was a ruling regnum formed by the king and the kpojito, or wife of the leopard, a common woman. That king negotiated a tribute paid by this polity to the kingdom of Oyo and conquered such nearby states as Whydah, Alladah, and Savi. During his conquest of Savi, this kingdoms namesake Amazons were first deployed. FTP, identify this West African Fon kingdom which had its capital at Agbome, and which became the modern state of Benin.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-170d5743a3c640f4949cdd0011580cc7",
            "input": "This artist's output began to decline during his Lake Millinocket period, though his success began early with works like Hooker Journeying from Plymouth to Hartford. His travels took him to Jamaica, which inspired his The Vale of St. Thomas, and to Labrador, the subject of his seascape Icebergs. Several of his luminist works, like Sunset, Hudson Valley are based on the view from his estate Olana, but he is better known for an 1853 trip to New Granada with Cyrus Field which brought about river scenes like La Magdalena and The Falls of Tequendama. FTP, name this painter of the Hudson River School famous for landscapes like Niagara and Heart of the Andes.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c57494161b65402d918510ec6b339ae3",
            "input": "He was born in Prague, and studied at the universities of Berlin, Prague, and Wurzburg, where he received his doctorate in 1904. He fled Germany when the Nazis came to power and taught at the New School for Social Research until his death in 1943, but before that he performed experiments, while a professor at Frankfurt and Berlin, which introduced the new macroscopic approach to studying psychological problems. FTP, name this German psychologist, whose discovery of the phi phenomenon can be seen in Christmas lights everywhere and whose studies, along with those of Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler, paved the way for the Gestalt school.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6257485ac3c54e128ee256191509cb62",
            "input": "Mssbauer spectroscopy involves the observation of phenomena including isomer shifts and this. An equation describing it contains an electron spin g-factor of approximately two. It was first observed by its namesake in the D lines of sodium and its anomalous variety occurs when electron spin contributes to this phenomenon. A potential energy associated with it is proportional to the Bohr magneton, the Lande g-factor, and the z component of the total momentum. This is the magnetic analog to the Stark effect, and in strong fields it becomes the Paschen-Back effect. The inverse type of it considers absorption lines as opposed to spectral lines. For 10 points, name this splitting of spectral lines in a magnetic field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b7e1805cb55442a8a0857d489514c65",
            "input": "He's not Giuseppe Verdi, but this composer used a Friedrich Schiller play for the basis for his opera about Joan of Arc, The Maid of Orleans. He wrote his own libretto for his opera about the guardsman of Ivan the Terrible, The Oprichnik. Tatyana does not return the title character's love in his (*) Eugene Onegin, while another of his operas ends with Hermann killing himself after seeing the titular card. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Queen of Spades who also composed the 1812 Overture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8516416548d4c39a358d353901f3234",
            "input": "According to one text, this god's son is Loridi and his teacher was Loricus, whom this god slew at the age of twelve, while a different text claims that this god was raised by Hlora and Vingnir. This god rescued Aurvandil the Bold, the husband of the sorceress Groa, causing part of a shield to be stuck in his head, and one Poetic Edda consists entirely of this god arguing with the ferryman Harbath. This father of Thurd has the servant Thalfi, and he caused the deaths of Alviss and Hrungnir. The Grimnismol states that the best of halls is this god's hall of Bilskirnir, from which he can be pulled by two goats on his chariot. For ten points, name this husband of Sif and serial slayer of giants, the Norse god of thunder.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c60f8a0c0b3487eade9c2fdcf5cf3e8",
            "input": "He painted Guillaime Apollinaire as a red-jumpsuited strongman and himself as a harlequin in his Family of Saltinbanques. Featureless black figures comprise his Don Quixote, while another of his works depicts a mother crying over her dead child on the left while a disfigured horse dominates the center. Parisian prostitutes in (*) African masks appear in this artist's Demoiselles (deh-mwah-ZELZ) d'Avignon. For 10 points, name this painter whose Blue Period works preceded his co-founding of Cubism and creation of 1937's Guernica.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d14f71572d114c6cbca9dbd1feb2988b",
            "input": "In this state, William Loring shouted \"Great God! Do I command cowards\" after soldiers withdrew in response to John Adams foolishly charging earthworks and getting killed. Soldiers in this state sang \"so now we're going to leave you; our hearts are full of woe\" in a parody of \"The Yellow Rose of Texas.\" A general named States Rights Gist died at another battle in this state, whose losers crossed the Duck River and engaged in a skirmish at the Battle of Columbia. After the failure of a campaign in this state, the pursuing Union army was turned back at the Battle of Anthony's Hill by Nathan Bedford Forrest. That campaign's fate was sealed when John Schofield slipped behind Confederate lines at the Battle of Spring Hill in this state. George Thomas fought a campaign in this state contemporaneous with the beginning of William Sherman's March to the Sea. For 10 points, what state's namesake 1864 campaign saw John Bell Hood drag an army from Franklin to Nashville",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a9745507d8b4ebe96f362948b33c76a",
            "input": "One line in this poem notes that \"the Queen Moon sits on her throne. \" The speaker of this poem speaks of his desire of a \"Provencal vintage\" that would turn his mouth purple, and later draws a parallel to Ruth, who \"stood in tears among alien corn. \" Another moment in this poem occurs when the speaker hears the word \"forlorn\", which he says is \"like a bell to toll me back from thee. \" The speaker says that he \"had been half in love with easeful death\" and notes to the subject that \"to thy high requiem I am become a sod. \" In the last stanza of this poem, the speaker wonders \"was it a vision, or a waking dream\" and \"do I wake or sleep\" For ten points, identify this poem which describes the feelings brought on by the title bird, an Ode by John Keats.\r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-edbeabaa85db45c1b02f053862edf3fc",
            "input": "Pope Martin V named him the head of the Order of Christ, which became the primary source of funding for his ventures. Made Duke of Viseau by his father, he played a large part in the capture of Ceuta which he briefly governed. He showed poor leadership in a campaign against Tangier where he was forced to leave his brother Fernao as hostage. However he had success with Gil Eanes's rounding of Cape Bojador and the organization of voyages to Cape Verde through his school at Sagres. FTP, name this Portguese prince remembered as a patron of explorers.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ce7c0c7dc4f42478186c9ddd607e79a",
            "input": "Alexandre Dumas wrote that this painting's creator worked out of sentimentality rather than any sense of patriotism. Towards the right of the canvas a city can be seen in the foggy background. The soldier on the left wears his hat askew and bears a sabre, while the boy on the far right charges forward bearing two pistols. The man in the top hat with the musket is supposedly the artist himself and stands to the left of the central figure, who stands bare-breasted and holds a musket in one hand and the French tri-color in the other. FTP, identify this 1830 painting, the most famous work of Eugene Delacroix.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eaf081ea992a4c0fb387ef543ace8880",
            "input": "The amount of error created by applying this theorem to intermediate values is the subject of the\\n Berry-Esseen theorem. The Cramer-Wold theorem can be used to generalize this in a multivariate manner.\\n The de Moivre-Laplace theorem is a special case of this. One statement of this is named for Feller and\\n Lindeberg and this is true when Lyapunov's condition holds. A rule of thumb resulting from this is that one\\n should have a minimum of 30 in a sample when the population is non-Gaussian. When sampling, this\\n theorem implies a distribution with standard deviation sigma over square root n. For 10 points, name this\\n theorem that implies as sample sizes get larger, the distribution of sample means approaches a normal\\n distribution.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90351c3151c647f0beb953fa26ae6e56",
            "input": "One play by this author centers on the singer of the hit song \"That's All Right,\" Floyd Barton. Another of this author's characters brings Martha and Zonia together by singing a Binding Song. That character appears in a play whose name derives from the refrain of a blues song, Joe Turner's Come and Gone. A blues singer refuses to perform Levee's version of the titular song in his play Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, and Berniece refuses to let Boy Willie sell the titular instrument in another play. For 10 points, name this playwright who included The Piano Lesson as well as a play about the garbage collector Troy Maxson, Fences, in his Pittsburgh Cycle.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-912dff728cff4a6a8177d3be600b1cc8",
            "input": "This composer's Piano Trio in E was inspired by the death of his daughter, and Arnold Schoenberg claimed that this man's Second String Quartet \"opened the world to him\". The only symphony by this composer was written for the wedding of Franz Josef, and that work makes prominent use of the Austrian national anthem. In addition to the Triumph Symphony, this composer wrote a work whose second movement polka is a recollection of youth, and that piece ends with a coda whose high ringing E indicating this composer's oncoming deafness. For 10 points, name this composer of string quartet no. 1, From My Life, who depicted Tabor, Blanik, and several other Czech landmarks such as the Moldau River in his Ma Vlast.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-774725d789f44476833ceb9164d19b0f",
            "input": "Phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine work by blocking receptors for this molecule, which is transported to its primary location in the tuberoinfundibular pathway. Monoamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyl transferase break down this chemical, a process enhanced by the drug reserpine. A catecholamine produced in the substantia nigra and released from the hypothalamus, this compound inhibits the release of prolactin in the pituitary gland, among other functions. Derived from tyrosine and a precursor to adrenaline, disorders that result from a deficiency in this molecule include ADHD and Parkinson's disease. For 10 points, name this inhibitory neurotransmitter implicated in arousal and addiction and supposedly central to pleasure and reward.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3915d2ca44474e0ba4244eb16b5918cc",
            "input": "This philosopher completed his doctorate at Harvard in 1932, becoming a full professor there in 1948. His argument that experience counts for or against our entire body of beliefs in a holistic manner, and that little that is systematic can be said about the meanings of particular sentences, was expounded in 1953's \"Two Dogmas of Empiricism. \"  This lead to his most famous doctrine, the indeterminacy of translation, which holds that there are no objective facts about which words and sentences have the same meanings, put forth in 1960's Word and Object. For 10 points, who is this most influential post-World War II American philosopher, author of Pursuit of Truth and The Roots of Reference",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57bf4a5130354ca68d50ddef428fd029",
            "input": "Fred Hampton and Mark Clark were two Black Panthers shot to death in this city while they were asleep. Anthony Abbate (read: A BODY) violently beat the bartender Karolina Obrycka in this city after she refused to continue serving him. Jon Burge was convicted of perjury in this city in 2010, which he committed in the course of civil suits against him for the torture he ordered as Commander of the Area 2 violent crimes unit in the 1980s. In 1886, seven anarchists were sentenced to death in this city following an incident when a pipe bomb explosion caused a line of policemen to fire into a crowd of striking workers in Haymarket Square in this city. For ten points, what is this city notorious for police violence, particularly the violence ordered by Mayor Richard J. Daley during the 1968 Democratic National Convention",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b99120a98fc347cea65d3a0fe30ad7ac",
            "input": "In one of this composer's symphonies all the instruments except the percussion and the piano drop out during a scherzo part called \"the Masque\" found in the second movement, which begins with a section called \"The Dirge. \" He included movements titled \"Agathon,\" \"Phaedrus: Pausanias,\" and \"Socrates\" in a work written for solo violin, strings, harp, and percussion titled Serenade after Plato's Symposium. His second symphony's first movement features fourteen variations divided into two parts called \"The Seven Ages\" and \"The Seven Stages,\" while his first symphony begins with the \"Amidah\" theme in the first movement titled \"Prophecy\" followed by sections called \"Profanation\" and \"Lamentation. \" This composer's third symphony features a speaker who wakes up a sleeping God from his nave dream of human happiness, and that symphony is dedicated to the memory of John F. Kennedy. For 10 points, name this American composer who wrote the Jeremiah Symphony and the Kaddish Symphony in addition to writing the music for West Side Story.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0f6d274869e472cbd91e96eca95a1e7",
            "input": "The definition of the acentric factor includes the negative log of the reduced form of this quantity, when the reduced temperature is 0.7. A pure liquid's fugacity is approximated as the product of the fugacity coefficient, the Poynting factor, and this quantity. This quantity is not unitless, but it is smaller for the heavy key component during separations. The logarithm of this quantity varies linearly with one over temperature by (*) Antoine's equation. At high concentrations, a component's partial pressure equals its mole fraction times this quantity according to Raoult's Law. It equals atmospheric pressure at the boiling point. For 10 points, name this quantity, the pressure of gas above a solution.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-582535059a824954860ba3d4367ac451",
            "input": "She declares that so many stones have been thrown at her that she is no longer frightened of them in her poem \"Solitude\" which is collected in White Flock. This author claims My heart will never forget the one/ Who gave her life for a single glance\" in her poem \"Lot's Wife. \" In one poem, this writer mentions the unlocked door, the unlit candle, and the unused bed, while in another, she tells the reader Youre alone with the man you love. Besides \"White Night\" and \"In the Evening,\" she wrote of the love affair of a young officer named Vasevolod Knyazev and a beautiful dancer named Olga Glebova-Sudeikina in the exordium of another work. For 10 points, name this author of Requiem and \"Poem Without a Hero. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b30e72b15034f0a88c7b42d70d11be7",
            "input": "Even though the voting in this nation occurred on March 29, the results have still not been provided, especially since a High Court hearing has officially requested a recount in a number of provinces. The election has been fraught with bad news for the incumbent, with a split ruling party divided through the rise of Simba Makoni and the rise in inflation far above 1,000%. Thus, Morgan Tsvangirais MDC party has been widely declared the winners both in the parliamentary and presidential struggle. FTP; name this nation who may soon see the unseating of their current ruler, Robert Mugabe.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbbf5081fd924f15a39b52adf0f71a74",
            "input": "Shortly before his death this artist began The Cross of the World, a series of paintings on a religious theme. One of his most famous works was based on the Count de Volney's Ruines and was painted while he was living with Henry Greenough in Florence. In The Voyage of Life he depicts the progression of a young man from birth to old age, while the stages of a society is seen in \"The Course of Empire\". For 10 points, name this painter of the Hudson River School best remembered for The Ox-Bow.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dcdf1a382fc74c83bfa248ee5c5e4ba4",
            "input": "One of his exploits was the slaying of Vala for stealing his cattle. In the Ramayana a story relates how he was defeated by Meghnad, the son of Ravana and taken captive to the latter's palace before he was ransomed by Brahma. The son of Dyaus Pita and Prthivi, among his possessions are the thunderbolt Vajra and the elephant steed Airavata. In his most famous exploit he brought water back to the earth by slaying the dragon demon Vritra. FTP identify this Hindu God, the head of the Vedic pantheon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c217785e7764cae97c70492638bcb54",
            "input": "Carstensz Pyramid is the highest point on this island and it was named for Dutch explorer ridiculed for claiming to have seen snow on this island. The Fly River system on this island was majorly affected by the Ok Tedi mine's tailings and the Sepik River originates in the Victor Emmanuel Range before flowing into the Bismarck Sea. The Owen Stanley Mountains block off access to the only national capital on this island and Jayapura is the largest city within another province on this island. Daru is located on the northern side of the  Torres Strait which separates this island from the Cape York Peninsula to the south. For 10 points, identify this island nation where over 800 different languages are spoken.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d827a1ca7e10469ca4f63ef3967ab25f",
            "input": "It established a court system, its namesake chamber, one of the most famous instances of which was located at Castres. The renunciation of this agreement led to the Potsdam Proclamation of Frederick Wilhelm, which caused a mass emigration. Among its provisions was the non-transfer of control of certain places de sret, the maintenance of which was to be paid for by the government. Partially annulled by the Peace of Ales, it restored Catholicism in many places, but was vehemently opposed by Clement the Eighth and other popes until its repudiation at Fountainbleu. FTP, identify this declaration by Henry IV that sought to protect Huguenots.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5981cb7d2ea448e6b625a77dcc7c7f77",
            "input": "The Ik Onkar symbolizes \"one god,\" or waheguru, in this religion, which baptizes its believers with water stirred with a double-edged sword. Its places of worship are called gurdwaras, and its practitioners wear the five K's at all times. Its holiest temple, known for its golden roof, is located in Amritsar, and its followers do not cut hair and carry a small comb. Its holy scriptures include the Bani and the Adi Granth. For 10 points, identify this Indian religion that had 10 gurus, the first of whom being Guru Nanak.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96d06695284b4a1c8dca888938b0bb30",
            "input": "Vi sings \"Has Anyone Seen My Joe\" in this composer's opera Blue Monday. Orchestral works by this composer include Concerto in F and the Cuban Overture. One piece by this composer was featured in a 1951 movie starring Leslie Caron and Gene Kelluy, and has a score that calls for four taxi horns. His most famous piece was commissioned for a concert at Aeolian Hall by Paul Whiteman, was orchestrated by Ferde Grofe, and begins with a low trill in the clarinet followed by a glissando. For 10 points, name this American composer of An American in Paris and Rhapsody in Blue.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cad50c4536544b3a8c9681ad3411dd2a",
            "input": "This poems fourth stanza mentions a green altar where a mysterious priest leads a heifer to be sacrificed. Its second stanza gives a command to \"pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone\" because heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard/ Are sweeter. To the fair youth beneath the trees who cannot leave her song, the \"happy melodist for ever piping songs for ever new, the poet ascribes \"more happy, happy love! Its opening stanza asks \"what leaf-fringed legend haunts about thy shape,\" and refers to the title object as a sylvan historian and a still unravished bride of quietness. FTP, name this poem ending with the lines beauty is truth, truth beauty - that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know,\" an ode by John Keats.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ef8bf367df2468a958acbff681b952b",
            "input": "During this event, a group of fourteen off-duty policemen formed a group called the Vengeance Squad with the intent of cleaning up the streets, and a convoy of taxi cabs delivered two hundred members of the U.S Navy to the site of this event. Police did not arrest the perpetrators of violence during this event; instead they arrested the victims on charges of suspicion of assault and vagrancy. The murder of Jose Diaz, whose body was found in the Sleepy Lagoon reservoir, was a precursor to this event. Leading up to this event, the City Council issued an ordinance in regards to (*) clothing, of which Norris Nelson said that \"\"if we can arrest people for being under dressed, we can do so for being over dressed. \"\" The mayor of Los Angeles said that racial prejudice was not a factor in this event, and that juvenile delinquents of many races had caused the problem. During the event, servicemen entered movie theatres and other public areas, dragged out minorities, and proceeded to beat them in the street. FTP, name this event that occurred in 1943, during which minorities in specific clothing were beaten badly.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d6b7251ab7741dab48e2bb9e2c9b1fd",
            "input": "The Soave equation adds an acentric factor to this statement, and the virial equation measures deviations from this law using a compressibility factor. This law derived by Benoit Clapeyron can account for density in its \"dirty mop\" form, and when A and B terms are added to account for the volume and interactions between particles, it is called van der Waals equation. Containing a namesake constant that is Boltzmann's constant times Avogadro's number is, for 10 points, what law usually stated as PV equals nRT",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-903bed34ce994daf874a740bdc3ec277",
            "input": "While en route to a confirmation ceremony, this ruler was captured by Guy I of Ponthieu. This man may have been crowned as ruler by the archbishop Stigand. This ruler obtained fiefdoms for his brothers Gyrth and Leofwine after the death of Leofric, whose heir Aelfgar rebelled against this ruler with Welsh aid. This ruler's brother was deposed as duke of Mercia by Morcar. This man's father was the earl of Wessex and Kent and, before his fall from favor, an important advisor to Edward the Confessor. This man was victorious against an alliance formed by his brother Tostig with Harald Hardrada; that victory came at Stamford Bridge, just two weeks before this ruler's fatal loss. For ten points, identify this ruler of England who was killed in 1066 by William the Conqueror's troops at Hastings.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0afbf13a14c24aa69407cfacb86133ee",
            "input": "After he lost a gubernatorial election to Pat Brown, this man told reporters they wouldn't have him to \"kick around anymore.\"  His presidency saw the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency, and he was elevated to national prominence by his role in the Alger Hiss case. His Secretary of State (*) Henry Kissinger initiated Detente (day-TAHNT) and he signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile and first SALT treaties with the Soviet Union. His visit to the People's Republic of China opened diplomatic relations between it and the United States. For ten points, name this 37th President of the United States who resigned in the wake of the Watergate Scandal.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-14363dd541b249529532270c3f6ecdcb",
            "input": "His efforts in opera were almost completely unsuccessful, chiefly due to the asinine libretti seen in efforts like Alfonso and Estrella, The Twin Brothers, and Fierribras. The inventor of the \"Moments Musicaux\", his chamber works include the Grand Duo Piano Sonata in C Major, a series of Impromptus, and Fantasy in F Major, but he is better known for works in another genre that include \"Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel\", \"Hark, Hark, The Lark\", and \"The Doppelganger\". FTP, name the prolific composer of lieder probably best known for his 8th symphony, which was left unfinished.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-503b8b2b1bc144ac8a7e64179103a8d5",
            "input": "This writer wrote a poem which features a call for Margaret, who apparently once loved then rejected the titular character, while another poem details an episode in the life of a great Persian hero, who confronts and unwittingly kills his Tartar son. This author collected a series of lectures given abroad in Discourses in America and he also wrote a dramatic poem in which the final lines are spoken by a harp player named Callicles upon witnessing the death of the titular character. Besides \"The Forsaken Merman\" and \"Sohrab and Rustum,\" this man wrote a work about an ancient philosopher's death, \"Empedocles on Etna. \" FTP, name this British poet who memorialized his friend, Arthur Clough, in \"Thyrsis,\" a poem which references another of his works, \"The Scholar-Gipsy,\" but who is best known for a work describing a location \"where ignorant armies clash by night,\" the poem \"Dover Beach. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eccebad0e0604aae9769a65f2fa0ebf3",
            "input": "Robert Irwin attacked this book's dismissal of German scholars such as Ignaz Goldziher in Dangerous Knowledge. This book's second chapter analyzes the role of Silvestre de Sacy's anthologies and Ernst Renan's philological research in shaping its central discipline. Other sections of this book compare travelogues written by Chateaubriand, Lamartine, and Nerval and discuss the representations of \"imaginative geography.\" Its last section blasts the \"condescension and bad faith\" of Bernard Lewis, and uses his writings as examples of the title concept. This book argues that the title concept arose out of the relationship between knowledge and power which occurred when academics accompanied Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. For 10 points, name this book about the ways the Western world has constructed a false definition of the East, written by Edward Said.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c244ad56cc47466fac275cce372c61f3",
            "input": "This playwright wrote a play detailing the selling of Victor and Walter Franzs dead parents furniture to Gregory Solomon called The Price. This authors autobiography Timebends details his three marriages, the last of which is to Inge Morath, but hes more famous for a play about an event where Prince Von Berg gives up his white card to free Leduc from a Nazi interrogation camp, the title Incident at Vichy. He is more famous still for a play in which Steve Deever takes the blame for his partners faulty cylinder heads, which leads to 21 pilots deaths caused by Joe Keller, All My Sons. For 10 points, name this American playwright, best known for writing about John Proctor and Willy Loman in, respectively, The Crucible and Death of a Salesman.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8604b5a583c84441a6d8f3bb82f70331",
            "input": "This man referred to those living on Banks Islands when discussing the illusion of the title entity in one work, while he compares how various groups in British Columbia related to the title Swaihwe object in another work. This author also discussed the Jivaro in his The Jealous Potter, but this author of The Way of the Masks may be better remembered for opposing Radcliffe-Brown with his alliance theory and for writing a work that opens by discussing the story of The Macaws and Their Nest. That work is part of a longer one which studies the transformation of South American folk tales. For 10 points, name this French structural anthropologist and author of Triste Tropiques, Elementary Structures of Kinship and Mythologiques, which includes The Raw and the Cooked.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcf18043b40e421596cdac182ed278d9",
            "input": "Early in his reign, this ruler had to squelch two major rebellions: one led by his half-brother Thankmar, and another by his brother Henry. He defeated Berengar of Ivrea to marry the Burgundian princess Adelaide, and in so doing, gained the additional title King of the Lombards. Much of his ruling strength came from his namesake system of installing his own bishops, and later in his rule, he deposed John XII in favor of Leo VIII for the papacy. Another rebellion, this one by his son Liudolf, was ended by an invasion of the Magyars, whom this ruler soundly defeated at Lechfeld. Crowned King of the Germans after the death of his father, Henry the Fowler, FTP name this man who, in 962, became the first ruler since Charlemagne to hold the title Holy Roman Emperor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-16b3c5dccea949798670a44d3af9478b",
            "input": "A three-membered ring containing a cation of this element is nucleophilically attacked by acetate to form a vicinal diol in the Woodward cis-hydroxylation. An acid of this element and oxygen is used to cleave vicinal diols into carbonyls. This element binds to 7 fluorine atoms in a classical example of a pentagonal bipyramidal compound. This is the largest element that can bind to silver in a chemical used in (*) photographic film. Deficiency of this element in the human body leads to an enlarged thyroid, a condition known as goiter. This element is used to test for starch by staining it a blue-black color. The only diatomic element to be solid at room temperature, for 10 points, name this second-heaviest halogen, whose chemical symbol is I.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ef08fb1fcd3469982263daaee21e319",
            "input": "Some of the figures in this painting are seemingly superfluous:  Mercury stands at the far left, dispelling clouds from above trees laden with golden fruit. A Cupid on the wing aims his little bow, but is probably only there by grace of his mother Venus, above whom he hovers. The action takes place on the right. The West Wind, Zephyrus, pursues a virginal Chloris whom he will rape. Chloris is then shown transformed, bedecked with flowers, as the title character. For 10 points, name this Botticelli allegorical work.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8af2c7634e314c28bb68aae889847cbb",
            "input": "In addition to the respiratory and circulatory systems, this system obeys Murray's law. Cells found in this system include tracheids and vessel elements, the latter of which generally do not appear in gymnosperms. The flow of its namesake sap is driven primarily by transpirational pull, but also by root pressure. It is often contrasted with a type of tissue which transports sugars. For 10 points, name this plant tissue which transports water, contrasted with phloem.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-36a97598596645a8a2961d9346359d79",
            "input": "A man who wrote under the pseudonym Picander made librettos for this composer, who created the cantata Actus Tragicus for his uncle's funeral. One work by this composer ends with a quodlibet [KWOD-luh-bet] and was commissioned to relieve Baron von Keyserling's insomnia. One collection by this composer sometimes identified as BWV 846-893 consists of two books of twenty-four preludes and fugues. For 10 points, name this Baroque period German composer of the Goldberg Variations, The Well-Tempered Clavier, and the Brandenburg Concertos.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-117878cbf2a04a70a2507b0c77726b32",
            "input": "He used lily-pad columns for the \"\"Great Workroom\"\" of his Johnson Wax Headquarters, and designed several houses using the textile block system. One work of his in the \"\"Maya Revival\"\" style survived the 1923 Tokyo earthquake. This architect of the Imperial Hotel designed a house for Edgar Kaufman with cantilevered floors built over Bear Run, and a museum best known for its spiral gallery. For 10 points, name this American architect of New York's Guggenheim Museum and Fallingwater.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-167fdf4478314291a91eeb58f192e7e1",
            "input": "The future Byzantine Emporer Romanus II was at one time betrothed to his niece Hedwig, and his son married Theophano, who was either the daughter of the same Romanus II or the niece of John Tzimices. The son of Henry I, Duke of Saxony, he defeated the Magyars at the Battle of Lech in 955 and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962. For ten points, name this founder of the dynasty that bears his name.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98408c9801ab42f980436a656b0c7ba1",
            "input": "Following a victory at Pruth River, Turkey withdrew after being granted control of Azov, and Augustus the Strong was forced out of power through the Treaty of Altranstadt. Frederick IV was forced to withdraw following the landing of opposing forces at Copenhagen, which was prompted by Peter the Great laying siege at Narva, and Russian forces were later victorious at Lesnaya and Poltava. Ended by the Treaty of Nystad, it was effectively ended after the siege of Frederikshald, which resulted in the death of Charles XII. FTP, identify this conflict of the early 1700s which saw a coalition including Russia, Denmark, and Norway gang up on Sweden.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-86c1181ac8d9404f89706bcb66e8f39c",
            "input": "In the Introduction to this work, an engineer visits town and asks about the history of the title character that he views there; that serves as the frame for this novel. One fantasy of that title character is to have his stockings mended on a cold winter evening by a woman. The title character's wife was talkative when she married him, but after the death of his mother, she becomes histrionic. She's later able to use her skill as a nurse when her husband crashes into a tree after a sleigh ride. That sleigh ride occurs after the highly symbolic shattering of a red pickle dish by the wife's cat, and that precedes the title character's declaration that he cannot live without Mattie Silver, who's being sent away by Zeena. For 10 points, identify this novella about a stoic Starkfield farmer, a work by Edith Wharton.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f00ef85543024e67b515a3901450ccce",
            "input": "Reaction of these compounds with a strong acid may produce a tri-alkyl oxonium salt. Allyl aryl ones can undergo the Claissen Rearrangement, and the smallest cyclic member of this group is ethylene oxide, while cyclic poly- ones are known as \"crown. \"  Members of this class of chemicals can be produced by dehydroxation of alcohols or by alkoxide nucleophilic displacement on an alkyl halide, which is known as the Williamson synthesis. FTP, name these chemical compounds defined by the presence of an oxygen bonded to two alkyl groups and perhaps best known for their diethyl variety, which is a notable anesthetic.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1b8ae36b3674c9b90a2e3cac5bbd719",
            "input": "During this man's presidency, a group of Canadian rebels declared a republic on Navy Island. That was part of a conflict during his presidency that took place along the Maine-New Brunswick border. This man dealt with the Caroline Affair while in office. This President was originally a leading member of the Albany Regency. The Aroostook War occurred during his presidency. This man's predecessor's feud with the Second Bank of the United States led to the Panic of 1837. For 10 points, name this President who succeeded Andrew Jackson.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-42e5d0a42e3847bab41c00d6a5b18b7d",
            "input": "In one post-World War II conflict involving this nation, 30,000 children were taken from it by DSE forces into the Soviet Bloc. That struggle took a decisive turn when Tito closed the Yugoslav borders to the DSE, ultimately forcing them to flee to Tashkent. A notable member of this nation's Parliament founded the International Commission for Dtente and Peace before he was assassinated by clubbing. The July Apostasy in this country would ultimately result in the rise of regime of \"the colonels\" during a period known as The Seven Years. Name this nation that celebrates Ohi Day in honor of Prime Minister Metaxas' rejection of an ultimatum from Mussolini, currently led, for 10 points, by George Papandreou of the Panhellenic Socialist Party with capital at Athens.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d795900332a648eb941b256a7d435903",
            "input": "Kimberly Cornish's The Jew of Linz claims that Hitler's anti-Semitism arose from an unpleasant childhood encounter with this man, and that he later secretly worked to recruit spies for the USSR. One of his works contains the \"beetle-in-a-box\" thought experiment and challenges the reader to define what a \"game\" is. Starting with a quote from Augustine's Confessions, that work by this author says, correctly, that meaning comes from use and argues against the possibility of a private language. Arguing against the formal view of language presented in an earlier work, that is his Philosophical Investigations. For 10 points, name this author of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb5f5d913d6543668085acbe82407717",
            "input": "This composer wrote a piano concerto whose final movement switches to 6/8 time before the trumpets introduce a theme based on the song, \"The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo\". He featured a theme from Faure's abandoned Tantum Ergo motet in \"andante sostenuto\" movement of his Piano Concerto No. 2, while he included a tune he heard sung by a boatman on the Nile River in a sonata subtitled \"The Egyptian\". This composer wrote a piece opening with the harp playing D twelve times to convey it is midnight in which the xylophone represents the sound of bones. For 10 points, name this French composer of Danse Macabre who included movements titled \"Fossils\" and \"The Swan\" in Carnival of the Animals.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7aad6a71bb5948f4915521e749df10ee",
            "input": "In one book, this thinker discussed the difference between the \"contagious\" and \"homeopathic\" types of sympathetic magic. The preface to his most famous book references an article about the Kazars that appears in another of his essay collections entitled Folklore. This author began researching the \"King of the Wood\", a title given to the priest of Diana at the shrine of Nemi, before expanding his notes into a mammoth \"Study in Comparative Religion\" that addresses the myth of the \"dying god\" and takes its title from the Aeneid. For 10 points, name this author of The Golden Bough.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52f2990608df4e9a9f0722b7744e126f",
            "input": "This book states that power is twofold, passive and active, in response to a question asking whether   there is power in God. That statement follows four objections to the question, the first of which is  that God is the first agent, and the statement is followed by replies to each objection. That is one of   hundreds of questions in this work, which was written to educate Christian theology students. This  work makes several references to the works of Peter Lombard, who lived about a century before it  was written, and to Aristotle. Name this work central to scholasticism written in the 13th century by  Saint Thomas Aquinas.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa4c62af54cf4e5d987b03b3007792a5",
            "input": "Short jottings such as \"Wittgenstein's sense of tautology\" and \"McTaggart on Time,\" divided into several \"notebooks,\" make up this man's posthumous collection of sketches for philosophical arguments entitled the Commonplace Book. He opined of one philosophy that \"if it asserts any general conclusion about the universe at all, asserts that it is spiritual\" and says that it is impossible to \"introspect the sensation of blue\" in a work whose title was also accomplished by his (*) \"hands\" argument, The Refutation of Idealism. This advocate of ethical intuitionism and member of the Bloomsbury Group also condemned the naturalistic fallacy. For 10 points, name this author of Principia Ethica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c66fc072e7e94dad8071e865175bdfcd",
            "input": "Two female members of this occupation served under John Rackham and were named Mary Read and Anne Bonny. Members of this profession could gain government support if granted a Letter of Marque, which made them privateers. In this occupation's Golden Age, Bartholomew Roberts had the most success, and that age also saw the likes of (*) Edward Teach and William Kidd. For 10 points, name this profession that got the majority of its members from the ships it robbed, and whose captains included Blackbeard and whose ships flew the Jolly Roger.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32519fa9f7a44078a8167e4514e1379e",
            "input": "This play ends with the main characters being clad in red robes and led offstage in a ceremonial torchlight procession. Several characters in this play successively throw black and white pebbles into a container, and discover that it contains an equal number of black and white pebbles. The main characters of this play sing the \"Binding Song\" to hold the protagonist hostage at an altar. This play begins with the Pythia of the shrine of Apollo rushing onstage in terror upon discovering the protagonist with his hands covered in (*) blood. This play shifts settings to the Areopagus, where jurors led by Athena try the protagonist for the murder of his father, Agamnenon. Ending with the title characters being renamed the \"kindly ones,\" for 10 points, name this final play of the Oresteia.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c0f8342f6f0749d98aff4475a66edb85",
            "input": "One work by this author claims that companies that control two-thirds of output act to minimize risk rather than maximize profit, since they are controlled not by their shareholders, but by technostructure. That work tracks how large corporations use futures to minimize the volatility of raw materials prices and how they undermine supply and demand via advertising and vertical integration. Another work by this author described the growing wealth of the American private sector while public infrastructure remained impoverished and popularized the phrase \"conventional wisdom. \" For 10 points, name this author of The New Industrial State and The Affluent Society.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bbf190135799410f863e5a444d114d3c",
            "input": "A British military force named for this person helped liberate Ethiopia from Italian rule during World War II and was led by Major Wingate. Another organization named for him was founded in Wisconsin in 1899 and use a color-coding system to distribute certain objects. The Biblical person by this name may have been killed by Nehor after opposing King Noah, destroyed the monuments to Asherah and Baal, and with the aid of god used a water-lapping test to select the 300 men who would wield jars with torches inside to defeat the Midianites. FTP, identify this fifth judge of Israel whose name graces an organization that distributes free bibles to institutions such as hotels.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90d1a5c40778464dbce8dd3c5a94ee62",
            "input": "writer from this country wrote about \"the Sorceror\" who calls his third testicle his sister Estrella in the novel The Lizard's Tale. Another writer from here wrote about anti-hero Remo Erdosain, who gets caught up with a man known as The Astrologer, in the novel The Seven Madmen. In addition to Luisa Valenzuela and Roberto Arlt, another writer of this nation wrote the novel The Angel of Darkness and told of surrealist painter Juan Pablo Castel who murders his beloved Maria Iribarne in the novel El Tnel. Another novel from this nation centers around a man who gives the name Faustine to a woman who speaks of Canada, only to discover that the two suns and two moons he observes on the supposed island of Villings are the result of twin realities. In addition to Ernesto Sabato and Adolfo Bioy Casares, another writer from here tells of a man who travels with Sergeant Cruz and battles a black payador. FTP, name this birthplace of the author of Martin Fierro and the author of \"The Garden of Forking Paths. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05097f822f2547388f63635468d8f3cc",
            "input": "The trouble in this novel begins when the protagonist's wife asks him for permission to go study economics at the University in London. When their son John dies, the protagonist sends his friend Jock Grant-Menzies to break the news to his wife, who then demands a divorce. He refuses to give her one, and she must ask her lover's mother, Mrs. Beaver for a job. Meanwhile, the protagonist goes to South America, where his friend Messinger dies and he is held captive by Todd, who makes him read aloud the novels of Dickens. FTP, identify this novel about the lord of Hetton Abbey, Tony Last, a novel by Evelyn Waugh.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-357b34465eb14f15a56a93e116220c54",
            "input": "This man assaulted William Stanbery with a cane on Pennsylvania Avenue. As a Senator, he and John Bell were the only southerners to vote against the Kansas-Nebraska Act. A close ally of Andrew Jackson, he served as the governor of Texas until he was removed for his refusal to support the Confederacy. For 10 points, name this politician, who also lead the victorious forces at the Battle of San Jacinto.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7514d864d7814a3bb9e3e0092ec36147",
            "input": "A Roman sarcophagus served as the inspiration for his Battle of the Centaurs, and a small figure is eating grapes out of a drunken god in his sculpture Bacchus. Hired to finish the tomb and shrine of St. Dominic in Bologna, he painted one Madonna, one featuring the infant St. John, as well as the statue Madonna with Child. St. Peter's Basilica houses one of his sculptures in which Mary holds the body of Jesus in her lap, and one of his nude statues depicts a man with a slingshot in his left hand. FTP, identify this artist of the marble David who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28e43bf029fc4762b1d325805ed4f65a",
            "input": "The FACT complex assists in one phase of this process, and one protein that initiates this process is\\n mutated in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 17, in which its poly-Q tract is expanded. This process is inhibited by\\n actinomycin D. In bacteria, the rho factor can terminate this process, and sigma factors help initiate it.\\n Roger Kornberg isolated the protein complex responsible for initiating this process, which assembles itself\\n at the TATA box. RNA polymerase II binding starts this process, which creates its product from 5 prime to\\n 3 prime. For 10 points, name this genetic process in which DNA is read and written to RNA.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58a07ff03bfc4bedbae6a8db64e15780",
            "input": "This man purchased Hercules Seghers' Tobias and the Angel and used it as the basis for his Flight into Egypt. He reversed the orientation of Adam Elsheimer's Jupiter with Philemon and Baucis to create his Christ and the Disciples at Emmaus, while Elsheimer's Contento in Munich inspired this man's early cabinet painting The Rape of Proserpine. Amongst his best known drypoint etchings is The Three Crosses, and this artist's portraits include one of the art collector (*) Jan Six. One of his works is a depiction of two close friends, one of whom is Maurits, brother of the poet Constantin Huygens, and the other of whom is Jacob de Gheyn III. This man also painted himself as the Prodigal Son in the Tavern alongside his wife Saskia. For 10 points, name this painter, known for works like Syndics of the Draper's Guild and The Anatomy Lesson.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a35170c0c33458d83190d8ddf510326",
            "input": "The 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, and 11th sections of this work are \"promenades\" which link its other sections. \"Cum mortuis in lingua mortua\" is the second part of its \"Catacombs\" section, which, along with sections entitled \"Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks\", \"The Gnome\", \"The Market Place at Limoges\", and \"The Bohatyr Gate of Kiev\", serve as musical \"reproductions\" of ten pieces of art by Victor Hartmann. FTP, name this composition by Modest Mussorgsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6d0d6e76654b4bf5889a33bea31c47fe",
            "input": "The year after he died, a memorial exhibition of his works was organized by Wilhelm Uhde [oo-duh], who also wrote the first biography of this artist. His technique always involved painting individual colors one by one and painting from the top of the canvas to the bottom. His portraits include those of Pierre Loti and Leon-Paul Fargue, as well as a self-portrait with a lamp. Whimsy and disproportion typify such canvases as Unpleasant Surprise, The Merry Jesters, Boy on the Rocks and The Football Players. Yet, it is the exoticism of such paintings as The Dream and The Snake Charmer that set him apart. His nickname was given not for his art but for the many years he worked as a customs inspector. For 10 points, name this man who often painted jungle scenes featuring lions and tigers, such as in his magnum opus The Sleeping Gypsy.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa579bd0e64245beb1d34392f4ccbc42",
            "input": "During his lame-duck period, he appointed Nathan Goff, Jr., as Secretary of the Navy to replace Richard Wigginton Thompson, and other members of his cabinet included Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz and Attorney General Carl Devens. Pozo Colorado is the capital of a department named after him in Paraguay, where he is a national hero, having arbitrated in their favor while president after the War of the Triple Alliance. Congress overrode his veto of the (*) Bland-Allison Act, and he promised not to run for a second term after a supposed bipartisan committee rewarded him 20 disputed electoral votes. FTP, name this 19th president who won a controversial election in 1876 against Democrat Samuel Tilden.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a2105214005b442abbb6c1cf4aeddf1b",
            "input": "In one play by this author, a Jewish brigand named Mendoza prevents Jack from escaping the Life Force of Ann Whitefield. Praedy and George Crofts appear in another of his plays, whose title character confronts her daughter Vivie about a fortune obtained from running brothels. This author, who included the \"Don Juan in Hell\" segment in Man and Superman, wrote Mrs. Warren's Profession, included the Hungarian royal Nepomuk and Freddy Eynsford- Hill in a play where Colonel Pickering bets against a flower girl. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright who wrote of Henry Higgins' accent coaching of Eliza Doolittle in Pygmalion.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f583d9ab53df4ce8aa66f1d6a42410ea",
            "input": "This scientist discovered butylene and the correct formula for ether. The son of a weaver who took charge of a Quaker school at age 12, much of his early work focused on studies of the atmosphere, where he developed his characteristic distrust of other scientists' work and obsession with detailed record-keeping by means of a scientific diary. Determining that rain is due to changes in temperature, his interest in the atmosphere led to his studies in chemistry, detailed in his work \"New System of Chemical Philosophy\", where he deduced what would become known as Charles' Law, as well as the laws of multiple proportions and the law of partial pressures. FTP, who was this English chemist who proposed the theory of atoms",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06af2975c2fb4eb095cb8f6c1b530788",
            "input": "In one novel, this man's daughter is taught Bible stories and is horrified by the notion of beauty being a sin. This spurious father of Golden Bells appears in another work, where he is told of the infinite ways in which wood can be made into a chessboard after hearing of communication with strings in Ersilia, the size-changing Olinda, and Thekla, which is always being built. In a poem, this man orders the building of a \"miracle of rare device\" near a place \"where Alph, the sacred river ran. \" For 10 points, name this ruler who appears in Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities, in a namesake opium-induced Samuel Taylor Coleridge poem, and in Donn Byrne's novel Messer Marco Polo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1322661f9224eac891691ae061ab775",
            "input": "Philip Kearny became the first American to receive the Legion of Honor due to his participation in this battle, where he served with the Imperial Guards. On one side, an army corps under Lajos Benedek became separated from the main body, but successfully held their ground at Pozzolengo. That main body, which suffered the opposite fate, had previously been under the command of Count Gyulai, but he had been replaced by his empires head of state, much as the French forces were led by Napoleon III. Resulting in the Peace of Villafranca and the transfer of Lombardy to Sardinia, this is, for ten points, what battle between Austria and a nascent Italy, where the carnage was so great it inspired the foundation of the Red Cross.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1812de0fa9746a083bf04c2b93c5caf",
            "input": "Its delta names a state with capital at Tucupita, and it forms the beaches of San Fernando de Atabapo. The Ature  and Maipures cataracts divide this river, which contains the Llovinza Falls. The biggest waterfall in its upper portion is called Salto Libertador, while it is connected to the Amazon via the Casiquiare and Esmerelda, which form the Rio Negro. It flows from Delgado Chalbaud mountain to the Delta Amacuro into the Gulf of Paria, and to its south is the plateau Auyantepui, which features the highest waterfall in the world, Angel Falls. Flowing through the Llanos and forming part of the border with Columbia, for 10 points, identify this chief river of Venezuela. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-334078bd1ce34510ac092e15d60f2e6a",
            "input": "sum of the squares of the reciprocals of this function evaluated at the nonnegative integers is equal to the modified Bessel function of the first kind at x=2. The Leviathan Number is found by evaluating this function at 10 to the 666th power. The rising type can be represented with the Pochhammer Symbol. Wilson's Theorem states that this function of any prime minus 1 is also congruent to -1 modulo that prime. Legendre's theorem provides a corollary to determine the number of (*) trailing zeroes of this function evaluated at nonnegative integers. When this function is evaluated at large numbers, Stirling's approximation is used. The gamma function extends this function to all complex numbers other than negative integers. For 10 points, name this function that, for positive integers n, is the product from 1 to n, and which is represented by an exclamation point.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c2e934765d34484b7841f578420a327",
            "input": "Population inversion is achieved in diatomic nitrogen and in this molecule in order to produce infrared light in the most commonly used form of laser industrially. In the body, a certain \"\"anhydrase\"\" enzyme converts this molecule into an anion. The bond angles of this molecule are 180 degrees, thus making it the textbook example of a molecule with linear geometry. At atmospheric pressure, it does not form a liquid, instead undergoing deposition from its normal form into dry ice. For 20 points, identify this greenhouse gas.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49563b2716324eebbcb1ac95ea4daa7d",
            "input": "When this painting was first displayed, it was accompanied by a poem written by Paul Eluard. A woman enters near the top right of this painting bearing a lamp as a bird sits on a shelf nearby. Daggers have replaced the tongues of some of the creatures, and a creature stabbed by a diamond-tipped spear stands over a man hold a broken sword, from which a flower is growing. Various harlequins are allegedly hidden in this work, which also hides a skull in the wounded horse in its center. A sole ceiling light illuminates the action in its center, while a bull at left stands above a woman wailing with her dead child in her arms. FTP, name this Pablo Picasso painting which depicts the Nazi bombing of the title Spanish city in 1937.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-60ed166b0bb4404386966969f6b859d1",
            "input": "one work by this man, Fritz wins a great victory by shooting 300,000 wine bottles out of cannons and getting the enemy drunk after the title character sings the \"Sabre Song\" and promotes him to general. He used the Lysistrata as the basis for The Happiest Girl in the World. In his aria \"J'ai des yeux,\" a magician declares his love for Olympia after watching the inventor Spalanzani wind her up in \"The Doll Song. \" In another of his works, the Brazillian millionaire Pompa di Matadores and the Swedish noble the Baron de Gondremarck experience the frenetic nightlife of the title city. Saint-Sans borrowed the part of the tortoise in Carnival of the Animals from the \"Galop\" written by this composer of La Vie Parisienne, who included a \"Barcarolle\" in an opera which adapts the story \"The Sandman. \" For 10 points, name this composer of The Tales of Hoffman and Orpheus in the Underworld.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8fd14d9ae8f4b37b0e8f95a8f57e6cf",
            "input": "Chushka Spit extends into this body of water from Taman Peninsula, where one can reach Port Krym by ferrying across the Strait of Kerch. That strait connects this body of water to its neighbor, a sea which is the outlet of the Kuban and Don Rivers as well as the shallowest sea in the world. In addition to being connected to the Sea of Azov, this sea is connected to the Sea of Marmara via the Bosphorus strait. It is bordered by Georgia, Bulgaria, and the Crimean Peninsula. For 10 points, name this inland European sea, located directly south of Ukraine and directly north of Turkey.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b19b0093299b4cfd862bbfcf6347a79c",
            "input": "Julius Caesar and Seneca wrote plays about him, with the latter introducing the character of Manto, the daughter of a prophet who reveals this character his fate. In a lost play, this man's fate is attributed to his father's kidnapping of Chrysippus. In one of the most famous accounts, he sends Tiresias to find the killer of Laius and also blames Creon for doing the deed, and his story is told by Jocasta in the Phoenician Women. Sophocles wrote about him at Colonus and as the King. For 10 points each, identify this character who married his mother and killed his father, the namesake of a Freudian complex.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5605e44d5f95484790a7295d31a3e39b",
            "input": "Great-grandfather: Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy. Paternal grandfather: Maximilian I. Father: Philip I, king of Castile. Maternal grandparents: Ferdinand and Isabella. FTP, what Habsburg used all of these beneficial relations to become king of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor by 1519",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77a94d7aa8eb4259958682d4e022d610",
            "input": "of this author's poems imagines a \"hundred negroes with a hundred lances\" and a prince that draws near \"with sword and goshawk,\" and begins by asking \"Why from her lips are song and laughter dying\" and \"Why is the princess sighing\" A different poem discusses \"foam pregnant with salt and iodine\" and a man who has seen \"the forceful typhoons of Chinawhile drinking from his flask of gin. \" In another work, this author writes \"You join the cult of Hercules to the cult of Mammon, / and illuminating the road of easy conquest,\" concluding by saying \"although you count on everything, you lack one thing: God! \" This author of \"Sonatina\" and \"Symphony in Gray Major\" also wrote the lines \"you are the future invader of the nave America that has Indian bloodyou are an Alexander-Nebuchadnezzar. \" FTP, name this author of \"To Roosevelt,\" Prosas Profanas, and Azul  a poet and diplomat from Nicaragua.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7dca032507b4fc0a260041266ad589f",
            "input": "One man's fleet was captured by Isaac Komnenos while en route to this event, and a conflict within this event involved Conrad of Monferrat's claim to the throne. After sacking the Sultanate of Rum, one leader of this event was replaced by Leopold V. This event was preceded by Baldwin IV's victory at the Battle of Montgisard and the defeat of Raynald of Chatillon and Guy of Lusignan at the Battle of Hattin. Philip II helped capture (*) Acre in this event, and another leader won the Battle of Arsuf with help from the Knights Templar. For ten points, identify this 1189-1192 AD attempt to recapture the Holy Land which saw the drowning of Frederick Barbarossa and many battles between Saladin and Richard the Lionheart.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f01933a0b0e246e5bed0d228fafe2e75",
            "input": "This movement was not put down until Henry le Despenser defeated John Litsters army, long after it had targeted Fleet prison and Savoy palace. Some of its instigators grievances about the Statute of Laborers, but it executed Robert Hales and Simon of Sudbury for administering the one-shilling fee that nominally sparked it. Shortly after it rose out of Essex and Kent to challenge Richard II, its leader was killed in a scuffle with William Walworth, the mayor of London. For ten points, name this campaign against the poll tax of 1380 led by Wat Tyler.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53a6dedf111d4d9b9241ba057e63b332",
            "input": "Section 9 concerns the reason of animals, while the views of Epicurus concerning the gods are defended in section 11, \"Of a particular providence and of a future state. \"  The final section treats the \"academical or sceptical philosophy,\" though the better known sections deal with miracles, the association of ideas, and the idea of necessary connection. FTP, name this 1748 book, in which David Hume reworked the first part of A Treatise on Human Nature, not to be confused with an essay by Locke.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cca57ff963ae4d6c9e8f77b1e51388c4",
            "input": "Considering the social contract, this man proposed the Staatsburgervertag as a worldly manifestation of the Rechtslehre, or \"doctrine of right. ' This thinker argued that man discovers his own limitations in his conception of the Anstoss, or \"check. \" This man proposed that the system of philosophy one chooses depends on the type of person one is in distinguishing between his own philosophy and dogmatism. This thinker proposed the \"self-positing of the I\" as the foundation of his worldview, the Wissenschaftslehre. In another work, this man argued that laws contrary to morality cannot be the creations of a divine being; that work was published without his name, leading it to be attributed to Kant. For 10 points, name this author of An Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation, a German idealist.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07741923470247feba868480a6a29587",
            "input": "One author from this country wrote about Ken Trilling's journey out of the slum Cabbagetown, and another wrote about a suicidal patient of Carl Jung in Pilgrim. In addition to Hugh Garner and Timothy Findlay, another author from this country wrote about Jerry Dingleman, the Boy Wonder in a comic novel about the director of Happy Bar Mitzvah, Bernie!, The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz. This country is also home to the author of the Deptford and Salterton trilogies, and Raven Quicksill escapes to this country in an Ishmael Reed novel about the flight to it. FTP, name this country, the home of authors Mordecai Richler, Robertson Davies, and Margaret Atwood.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbba6eacc51e45b6b3b8e49ee106faf9",
            "input": "The Zoroastrian deity associated with this star defeated a witch known as \"Bad Crop\" or Duzhyarya, thereafter coming to be known as an agricultural deity. That Zoroastrian deity of this star also worked together with Satavaisa, or Fomalhaut, to bring rains and waters to the seven continents, and famously assumed the forms of a white stallion and a deformed horse to defeat Apausha on the shores of the Varu Karta sea. Later associated with Tiri, or the planet Mercury, the god associated with this star, Tishtrya, is the subject of an entire Yasht in the Avesta. Among the Hindus, this star is associated with Shiva and known as the deer hunter, while among the Norse it is called Lokis torch, and the Greeks associated it with an animal owned by Orion that helped him hunt. For ten points, name this star, more commonly known as the brightest star in the night sky, the alpha star of Canis Major",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fff9012e5b7d417da711a412bdeabcdf",
            "input": "This man defeated such rival claimants as Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus after coming to power, and he attempted to forestall palace coups by replacing the entire Praetorian Guard. After the death of this man, his wife Julia Domna exercised great power over his successors. He bade his time as governor of Upper Pannonia during the chaos following the murder of Commodus, eventually using the unavenged death of Pertinax as a pretext to overthrow a rich man who had won the Imperial throne at an auction, Didius Julianus. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor who ruled from 193 to 211 and was the namesake of a group that included Elagabalus, Geta, and Caracalla, the Severan Dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0fb5f6f543ba4f8cb2012632701d3879",
            "input": "This man's political works include an influential campaign against the Ogden Land Company. This thinker discussed development of the incest taboo in the  Punaluan family, and the Kwakiutl eventually provided a counterexample to his theory of matrilineal-to-patrilineal development. This thinker wrote a work in which he identified Sudanese, Eskimo, and Iriqouis among his titular Systems of Consanguinity, which he wrote in addition to Affinity of the Human Family. He claimed that the title animal had moral sense in The American Beaver and his Works. He also  described successive stages of \"savagery\", \"barbarism\", and \"civilization\" in his most famous work. For ten points, name this American anthropologist of Ancient Society. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-868797f990de4e7880687216ec4adff5",
            "input": "In Hesiod's Theogony, this figure is the mother of Latinus. In the Apollonius of Rhodes's Argonautica,  this figure comforts her niece Medea. In Ovid's Metamorphoses, this figure is defeated by Eurylochus. Some of this figure's jealous fits resulted in the a King of Latium being turned into a bird and the love interest of Glaucus being turned into a monster. In one story, after this figure's son kills her former lover, she marries that former lover's son; that work is the (*) Telegony. This figure tells one hero how to travel to the underworld and to speak with Tiresias about how to overturn one of Poseidon's curses. Hermes travelled to Aiaia to deliver moly to a hero who would proceed to sleep with this figure for a year. For 10 points, name this enchantress who turns Odysseus's men into pigs.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-425f9ed667ac44ce985504740084dfca",
            "input": "The founder of this countrys first dynasty won the Battle of the Irpen River, while during the 1930s this country was ruled by the fascist Iron Wolf Party. This country defeated the Mongols at the Battle of the Blue Waters, while ethnic minorities in this country include the Lipka Tatars. This countrys ruling Gediminid Dynasty included the brothers Algirdas and Kestutius, while the only ruler of this country known as the great was Vytautas. One Grand Duke from this country married Queen Jadwiga, leading to the Union of Krewo and the formation of a commonwealth that was victorious at the Battle of Grunwald. For ten points, name this homeland of Jagiello and one-time partner of Poland, a European country with capital at Vilnius.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77507faaacbe4237a977003c4b950ba4",
            "input": "The Lares revolt was an uprising that occurred in this location in 1868. The Jayuya Uprising resulted in\\n the declaration of martial law here; the next day, two nationals of this territory tried to assassinate Harry S.\\n Truman. Operation Bootstrap attempted to industrialize this location after World War II. This territory's\\n first democratically elected leader was Luiz Munoz Marin, and its first native governor, Jesus Toribio\\n Pinero, succeeded Rexford Tugwell in that role. Under the Jones Act, all residents of this territory became\\n citizens of its controlling nation, and it received a civilian government by the Foraker Act. For 10 points,\\n name this island commonwealth of the United States.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96ed95b086aa4827913dfd3244919ffb",
            "input": "This work claims that a just cause, rightful intention, and sovereign authority are the three major things necessary for a war to be just, and Ulpian is cited in this work as \"The Legal Expert\". Another section of this work discusses drunkenness and concludes that it is not a sin because every sin is voluntary, but drunkenness is not voluntary. The Islamic scholar al-Ghazali is cited in this work in saying that it is \"impossible for an actually infinite multitude to exist absolutely\" and is called \"Algazel\", while Aristotle is referred to in this work simply as \"The Philosopher\". For 10 pointsname this work, which seeks to be a better compilation of Catholic doctrine than the author's earlier Summa Contra Gentiles, a work by Thomas Aquinas.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a0a5d1944f64dd7a10a628196dd2e4e",
            "input": "This conflict was precipitated by the death of Woopigwooit, which caused the separation of the Mohegans. Tensions reached a head when trader John Oldham was killed after trying to cheat the participants; in retribution, Massachusetts began raids without telling Connecticut, leaving Connecticut garrisons to be slaughtered by the retaliations, until finally John Mason and John Underhill killed five hundred Natives at Mystic River and sold Sassacut into slavery, destroying the nation entirely. FTP, identify this 1637 conflict between natives and colonists in southwestern New England.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8cbbe8ed68b45a782767d906ace826d",
            "input": "An arena designed by this man contains a 300-foot backbone and has been nicknamed the \"Yale Whale,\" and a skyscraper in New York has a jagged top and is nicknamed \"Black Rock. \" Another one of his designs features five buildings surrounding a reflecting pool in Warren, Michigan, and he used an eighth of a sphere to design a university building in Massachusetts. In addition to the General Motors Technical Center and Kresge Auditorium at MIT, he designed the TWA terminal at JFK and the main terminal of Dulles International Airport, though it is for a landmark on the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial in Missouri that he is most famous. For 10 points, identify this architect who created the Gateway Arch, a Finn.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-098771df1576459c9cbae3d88a4e5303",
            "input": "One of his works contained an \"exposure of the needlessness and mischievousness\" of taking oaths, while another of his works was written under the pseudonym Philip Beauchamp, namely An Analysis of the Influence of Natural Religion on the Temporal Happiness of Mankind. Another religious work, Not Paul, But Jesus, was published after his Chrestomathia, which invisioned a new system of education. He criticized William Blackstone in A Fragment on Government, while another of his works said mankind was ruled by two \"sovereign masters\", pain and pleasure. FTP, name this author of Defence of Usury and Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, usually credited with founding utilitarianism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-226c24d089d84d1c8a725f0e914622e9",
            "input": "Recently postulated to have a salt-water ocean underneath its crusty surface, the Hubble Space Telescope has found ozone around this body. Its largest crater is called Galileo Regio and is surrounded by parallel grooves and ridges called sulci. Though it is associated with another man, it was actually discovered by Simon Marius. Larger than both Mercury and Pluto, it is theorized to have been pulled into a slightly elliptical orbit by the neighboring moon Callisto. FTP, name this moon of Jupiter, the largest in the solar system.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e9ec70e7b5146d1acf11931e2f5b0b7",
            "input": "One forms an alcohol when coupled with a vinyl halide in the Nozaki-Hiyma-Kishi reaction, and the Nef reaction forms one via the acid hydrolysis of a nitroalkane salt. Their Zincke variety forms when the terminal imine group of a pyridine ring is hydrolyzed, while Meyers and Stephen synthesis yields them from oxazines and nitriles. The Tollens reagent forms a silver mirror in their presence, differentiating them from ketones. For 10 points, name these compounds with terminal carbonyl groups, whose simplest member is commonly used for embalming.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10f61f64ae5848e3b379c646d45577c4",
            "input": "This writer rejected Georg Simmel's definition of a city, saying instead that it consisted of people living close together in anonymity. His work The City was posthumously incorporated into one of his works describing several of his ideal types, including three types of religious behavior: world-flying mysticism, world-rejecting asceticism, and inner-worldly asceticism. That combined work is Economy and Society. One work by this writer states that Calvinists used worldly success to determine their religious fate, leading to a belief that earning a profit was a positive religious sign, which in turn explains economic improvements in parts of Europe. Name this author of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7febcb453d54f5c85d5a48bbce3395f",
            "input": "One member of this group killed the inhospitable king Amycus with a single blow to the elbow. Euphemus joined this group, which fought the Bebryces and dealt with a pair of rocks which repeatedly pulled apart and clashed together. This group made use of a sacred plank of oak which could talk. Castor and Pollux joined this larger group, which employed the wings of Calais and Zetes to deal with the Harpies. Its leader passed King Aeetes's challenges in Colchis and married the sorceress Medea. For 10 points, name this group of Greek heroes which sailed for the Golden Fleece aboard a similarly-named ship, led by Jason.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c9ad063a4189453fab1ecb0381d4bf6d",
            "input": "Pneuman and Kopp provided the first ab initio model of this phenomenon by integrating the MHD equation for a dipole source; their model closely matched Parkers 1956 model. Evidence for this object was provided by Biermanns observations of comets, though it was not observed until Luna 1. Its interaction with the terrestrial magnetic field results in the bow shock. It ceases being supersonic at the termination shock and its velocity falls to zero at the heliopause, where it merges with the interstellar medium. Radiation pressure and pressure from this plasma flow cause comet tails to always face away from the center of the solar system. For 10 points, name this stream of particles constantly emanating from the sun.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23094c51fe3544df94cacbb94873db66",
            "input": "Plutarch contrasts this man with Agesilaus II and claims he told defenders of a city \"Stop quoting laws to us. We carry swords.\" His son Sextus held off Octavian and Antony's forces in Sicily until 36 BC. This man received accolades for defeating (*) Mithridates VI. The eunuch Pothinus convinced Ptolemy XIII to behead this man after battles at Dyrrhachium and Pharsalus forced him to flee to Egypt. For 10 points, name this Roman general who fought Julius Caesar in a civil war.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54a21218a3ee4a55867e4f4a0b90e28a",
            "input": "This author wrote about geese podging home in a work where \"A church clock subdivides the day\" and \"No bishops pursue their archdeacons with axes in a crumbling lair\" in his poem \"Et in Arcadia Ego. \" In one of this man's works, a radio projects \"Buy a bond. Blood saves Lives. Donate Now. Name this Station. \" In that work's fourth section \"The Dirge,\" the main characters take a cab to an apartment where they dance in a section called \"A Masque. \" One of his poems describes \"barbed (*) wire enclosed an arbitrary slot / where bored officials lounge,\" and repeats \"She looked over his shoulder. \" A long of work of his focuses on Quant, Emble, Malin and Rosetta, and he wrote a poem that describes \"the forsaken cry\" and \"dogs on with their doggy life. \" For 10 points, name this author of \"The Shield of Achilles\" and The Age of Anxiety, who wrote \"Musee des Beaux Arts. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10b320c8880e4e95ab4dd4710de75a89",
            "input": "One result of this war was a revolution led by the MNR Party, and it ended with a mediation led by Carlos Lamas. This war saw a massive siege of Fort Boqueron. It began with the Battle of Pitiantuta, and one decisive battle saw the defeat of General Penaranda. The defending country was led by Jose Estigarriba and advised by numerous Russian migrs such as General Belaieff. The attacking country, led by President Salamanca and General Hans von Kundt, had warplanes and tanks, but these proved ineffective against the guerilla tactics of Paraguay. For ten points, name this 20th century war where Bolivia failed to conquer the namesake region.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c6976e29bf741c693ba45b6781a6f12",
            "input": "The surreal numbers have the universal embedding property for ordered varieties of these objects. A finite one with n elements exists if and only if n is a prime or a power of a prime. One is called \"algebraically closed\" if univariate polynomials whose coefficients are elements of it also has a solution in it. FTP, identify these mathematical structures, examples of which include the reals and the complex numbers but not the quaternions, and which are defined as rings wherein every element has a multiplicative inverse.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8b78b8c5ca14049ad5063ea7a890784",
            "input": "Bodies of water in this state include Dworshak Reservoir, near Orofino, and Priest Lake in the north, and the Clearwater and Salmon River Mountains are found in the center of this state. Castle Peak is located in this state's Sawtooth National Recreation Area. This state's highest point is Borah Peak, and features in its southwest include the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, Craters of the Moon National Monument, and American Falls. Its cities of Caldwell, Nampa and Twin Falls can be found along the Snake River. For 10 points, name this state whose other cities include Pocatello, Coeur d'Alene, and Boise.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9f606d6e6654c1fafce894c6124eecc",
            "input": "Once, while hunting, he pursued a white boar only to be found later touching a golden bowl; he was freed when his wife caught a mouse, which was the wife of a magician, and the magician freed him. Though he then owed his freedom to his wife Cigfa, he already owed his life to his foster father, who had seen a mysterious beast outside his stable and came out to kill it; having found the baby, he called him Gwn of the Golden Hair until Teyrnon realized who he was. He was once tricked by Gwydion into giving him his pigs, and the resulting war was settled by single combat, which he lost. For 10 points, identify this king of Dyfed about whom the rumor was spread that he was eaten shortly after birth by Rhiannon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4853ef66f1634583a2afd2076bf306c1",
            "input": "The Casparian strip enables the endodermis to filter out harmful substances that would otherwise enter this tissue. Guttation results when increases in pressure cause the contents of this tissue to be exuded. The function of these structures is explained by the cohesion-tension theory, which involves (*) transpirational pull. This tissue is composed of tracheids and vessel elements, and dead cells that were formerly part of this tissue form wood. For ten points, name this tissue which transports water and, along with phloem, forms the plant vascular system.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25405bbfb6bb4e139adec9013628df2c",
            "input": "Pierpoint Mauler is the corrupt owner of a meat packing plant in one of this man's works, which also contains that characters Jackson, Paul Snyder, and Joan Dark, who are members of the Black Straw Hats. He wrote another work in which Wong is a water carrier and Shen Te buys a tobacco shop before she reveals that her cousin Shui Ta is actually her alter-ego. In addition to Saint Joan of the Stockyards and The Good Person of Szechwan, he wrote a play in which Simon Chachaba watches the maid Grusha Vashnadze bathe in the river, and one in which Swiss Cheese, Eilif, and Kattrin are killed by soldiers during the Thirty Years' War. For 10 pointsname this author of The Caucasian Chalk Circle and Mother Courage and her Children.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e3b6d49ee4a491c892a06d4cea2bb7a",
            "input": "The Anti-Chain-Store Act made its regulations on price and other forms of discrimination more easily enforced and section 7's prohibition on one firm acquiring another's stock when it would reduce competition was solidified by the Celler-Kefauver Act. It legitimized boycotts and non-violent strikes and protests against companies and allowed unions and agricultural companies to have directorates worth more than $1,000,000, though such directorates were prohibited in other industries and forbade cutting prices in only certain regions in order to destroy competitors. For 10 points, name this antitrust act passed in 1914, which augmented the Sherman antitrust act.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9bf5606b2aeb4db79c9e4d444c0515df",
            "input": "The brother of one man killed at this battle was named Tostig, and himself was killed weeks before this battle. One force in this battle was initially deployed on Senlac Hill, and one battle that preceded this one was at (+) Gate Fulford, while another took place north of the site of this battle and featured an invading force led by Harald Hardraada of Norway. That battle, Stamford Bridge, had weakened one side in this conflict, who were led by (*) Harold Godwinson, and this battle is famously depicted by the Bayeux Tapestry. For 10 points, name this 1066 battle in which Harold's English force was defeated by the Norman army of William the Conqueror.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb9622c07e1e400db21382cd9a0bb3a5",
            "input": "The purex process begins by dissolving used nuclear fuel in an aqueous solution of this compound. Heating a mixture of Gunzburg's reagent and this compound gives a yellowish-red residue, while Erdmann's reagent combines it with (*) sulfuric acid. A 90% platinum/10% rhodium gauze catalyst is the most common one used in the first step of the process that produces this compound, which consists of three oxidation steps and is named after a German chemist born in Latvia. This product of the Ostwald Process combines with hydrochloric acid to form aqua regia. For 10 points, identify this strong acid used in the production of fertilizers and other nitro compounds.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cabae28e372c4de1888d11d1cbd35764",
            "input": "The conservation of this quantity is a consequence of the translational invariance of the Lagrangian, and this quantity is canonically conjugate to position. The kinetic energy of a particle is equal to this quantity squared divided by two times the mass. Impulse is the change in this quantity. Newton's second law states that the time derivative of this quantity is equal to net force. The net value for this quantity in a system, along with the value of kinetic energy, is conserved in an elastic collision. For 10 points, name this vector quantity defined as mass times velocity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-daf7079563b843358785560d2798b80c",
            "input": "He worked on the restoration of Titians Emperor Vitellius and Emperor Galba, while several of his own works were adapted into sculptures by Bernini. His Iconography series consists of portraits of several of his contemporaries. His self-portraits include one with a broken column and one with a sunflower, and he also painted several portraits of Queen Henrietta Maria. Another work depicts his patrons upper body in three positions, while his most famous work depicts the same figure in hunting dress. For 10 points, name this student of Peter Paul Rubens, a Flemish portraitist who was court painter to Charles I of England.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8acf8b2833a49ca899b0dde14753e1f",
            "input": "Proteins destined for these structures often possess a C-terminal SKL sequence. Mutations in theABCD1gene lead to a demyelination disease involving these organelles called adrenoleukodystrophy. In humans, a reduction in their number is the cause of Zellweger syndrome. Beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA occurs in these structures, which also contain the enzyme catalase, which is responsible for breaking down a certain toxic material into oxygen and water. For 10 points, name these organelles that isolate and destroy hydrogen peroxide.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef05132483d64b23b74a1d1bcb32cb39",
            "input": "His attorney general, Godfrey Lule, often had to defend this man's practices at the United Nations, while his defense minister, Mustafa Adrisi, was his brother-in-law. Upon taking power, he murdered his main rival, Pierino Okoya, and he created the Public Safety Unit and the State Research Center, whose employees spent most of the time murdering members of the Langi and Acholi tribes and feeding their bodies to Nile crocodiles. A member of the Kakwa ethnic group, after becoming chief of his country's army and air force, he deposed Milton Obote in a coup. FTP, name this man accused of helping the Palestinians at Entebbe, who, from 1971 to 1979, was dictator of Uganda.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47ddb3cff9d448379f89a114214fd600",
            "input": "fictional example of this group is director of European sales for American Express and is named D. Ray Morton. Another example is the \"insane\" couple, Bruce and Harriett Nyborg. \" An infamous example of this group wouldn't sign if \"fuckin' Shiva handed him a million dollars,\" while the only member of this group to appear in person is James Lingk. FTP, name this group of characters perhaps interested in the real estate offered in a certain David Mamet play.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e8eb01b40724db99ab10f608ff8f01a",
            "input": "This goddess was first wooed by her husband when he disguised himself as a cuckoo and hid in her bosom. Ixion was condemned to Tartarus for making advances on this goddess who blinded Tiresias after he ruled in favor of women in an argument. This goddess placed the eyes of the watchman (*) Argos in her favorite animal, the peacock. This goddess refused to allow Leto a place to give birth, sent a gadfly to sting Io, and placed snakes in the crib of Heracles, all out of jealousy over her husband's affairs. For 10 points, name this goddess of marriage, a wife of Zeus and queen of the Greek gods.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05739b07f9e64908917d2850eb971017",
            "input": "A triply eponymous reaction of this type uses aluminum alkoxide as a catalyst. A ketone undergoes this reaction enantioselectively in the presence of borane and a chiral oxazaborolidine catalyst. In a modification of another reaction of this type, carbonyl compounds, hydrazine hydrate, and a base are heated with diethylene glycol and, once hydrazone formation is complete, the temperature is raised to 200  C to drive off excess water and hydrazine hydrate. That reaction of this type is the base-promoted transformation of carbonyl compounds into corresponding hydrocarbons through the decomposition of hydrazone intermediates. Yet another reaction of this type transforms carbonyl groups to methylene groups with zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid. Those mentioned reactions include Meerweein- Ponndorf-Verley, Corey-Bakshi-Shibata, Wolff-Kishner, and Clemmensen. For 10 points, identify this type of chemical reaction that is contrasted with oxidation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-822154ec42714951a09800e0df9676de",
            "input": "According to Fubini's theorem, the order in which this operation is performed does not matter. The surface variety forms the basis of the divergence theorem, while the line form of this operation can be calculated with Green's theorem. If one of their bounds is positive or negative infinity, they are known as improper. Depending on whether or not their endpoints are defined, they can be either definite or indefinite, and they can be approximated using Riemann's sum. For 10 points, name this operation in calculus which can be used to find the area under a curve.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7e50162212d426185eb26ffff5680aa",
            "input": "To isolate volatile compounds from nonvolatile impurities, the steam form of this process is used when the compounds decompose at standard temperatures and pressures. Two miscible liquids are heated under a Liebig condenser to increase the concentration of the liquid with the lower boiling point in a common type of this process. FTP, name this separation method by boiling point, whose fractional variety yields cosmetics from petroleum and alcohol from a water mixture.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf05437fa9634870b01b3268e3faff98",
            "input": "Some have suggested that this man was influenced by Native American sand paintings, and some of his early works, like The Moon-Woman Cuts the Circle, shows his interest in Native American mythology. Clement Greenberg proposed a title for one of his paintings that displays a strong atmospheric effect with minimal colors. That painting, Lavender Mist, also has a hand-print in its top right corner, while yellow paint crisscrosses his No. 5, 1948. This husband of Lee Krasner studied at the Art Students League of New York under Thomas Hart Benton. The inspiration for the term \"action painting,\" for ten points, name this American Abstract Expressionist who is best known for his \"drip-style\" of painting.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76a39d2694b6453791b886110633a446",
            "input": "This author denounced V. S. Naipaul for identifying with wealthy, modernized countries, and contrasted him with Narayan's interest in the people of Malgudi in his essay \"Today, a Balance of Stories. \" He described a boy ashamed of writing about the harmattan in an essay about the function of the author, \"The Novelist as Teacher. \" This author wrote that \"art for art's sake is just another piece of deodorized dog-shit\" and argued that Armah's novel The Beautyful Ones are Not Yet Born ignores the sickness of Ghana for the sickness of the modern world in \"Africa and Her Writers. \" This founding editor of the literary magazine Okike wrote a novel in which Odo prostitutes his daughter Edna for money paid by Nanga, who maneuvers to win an election over Odili Samalu. The protagonist of another of his novels wins a scholarship from the UPU before returning to Lagos and taking bribes to pay for the abortion of his girlfriend Clara. For 10 points, name this author of A Man of the People, who wrote about Obi Okonkwo in No Longer at Ease, the sequel to his novel Things Fall Apart. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-193b1a2d536a42e7b2cfe0317f93e533",
            "input": "Eleazer Hosannah convinces a mob of the death of Dr. Godspeak in this authors play Requiem for a Futurologist. This author described a racist landlady who asks a potential tenant ARE YOU LIGHT OR VERY DARK in Telephone Conversation, and wrote about mendicants operated on by the sinister Bero in Madmen and Specialists. This author of the recent King Baabu also wrote a play about the metamorphosis of a religious charlatan first introduced in The Trials of Brother Jero, and depicted a ruler who forces Danlola to present him with the New Yam in a play about a dictator based on Nkrumah. FTP, name this playwright of Kongi's Harvest who described the ritual sacrifice of Elesin in Death and the Kings Horseman.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca1d63e57d6e45a786c9af06abc3f30e",
            "input": "Robert Benchley wrote a parody of it entitled \"Compiling [this novel]. \" The protagonist of this novel has a sister named Esta who is impregnated and abandoned by her lover. When that protagonist is working in a hotel in Kansas City, he falls in love with Hortense Briggs. Later, he lusts after the wealthy Sondra Finchley despite having impregnated Roberta Alden. While canoeing on Big Bittern Lake, he knocks Roberta unconscious with a camera and she drowns, leading to his conviction for murder. For 10 points, name this novel about the execution of Clyde Griffiths by Theodore Dreiser.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-434d5d0ba76c4cb5818245b24563e750",
            "input": "Pelias earned the ire of this goddess for killing his stepmother Sidero while she hid in a temple to this goddess. While posing as an old woman, she caused Jason to lose one sandal in the river Anaurus, inadvertently triggering the quest for the Golden Fleece. In gratitude for being saved from Porphyrion during the Gigantomachy she gave her daughter Hebe as a wife to Heracles, though earlier she had sent serpents to kill him as a baby. This goddess cursed Echo, Lamia, and Dionysus's mother Semele while attempting to circumvent her husband's many affairs with mortals. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of women, the wife of Zeus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0884fdaaa874f47ad25023e8c347094",
            "input": "This novel's protagonist creates such compositions as Marvels of the Universe and an operatic adaptation of Love's Labor's Lost. That man studies the piano with Wendell Kretschmar and takes theology classes under Ehrenfried Kumpf and Eberhard Schleppfuss. Rdiger Schildknapp is forced to perform the hackwork of translation, and the name Heraeta Esmeralda describes both a butterfly and a syphilis-ridden prostitute in Serenus Zeitblom's narration. FTP, name this novel about Adrian Leverkhn, who trades his soul for twenty-four years of musical talent, written by Thomas Mann.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2ca6e70e4934ae3b93586008a81e493",
            "input": "A series of cables attached to a reinforced concrete arch supports the roof to this architect's Ingalls Ice Arena at Yale University. Earlier in his career he often collaborated with his father Eliel, and this designer of the Kresge Auditorium at MIT employed a curved concrete roof for his design of the Dulles International Airport. Hannskarl Bandel aided this man in the design of his best known work, a 630-foot tall inversed (*) catenary located in St. Louis, Missouri. For 10 points, name this Finnish-American architect who designed the Gateway Arch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae228f7d69e64187ad3cc1502dd02488",
            "input": "This composer's Opus 3 was a collection of twelve violin concertos titled L'estro Armonico. This composer's Opus 8 is made up of twelve concertos, including The Hunt, and is titled The Conflict Between Harmony and Invention. This man wrote a set of violin concertos, in which the call of a cuckoo is depicted by the solo violin in the second part, \"L'estate,\" while in the fourth concerto, \"L'Inverno,\" this composer used violin arpeggios to depict \"fierce and biting winds.\" For 10 points, name this Italian composer of The Four Seasons.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b39c767a585641fca69e6e1a861afe70",
            "input": "Its name is derived from the Turkic for \"island\", referring to its position as a remote outpost of water in a sea of desert. Its Barsa-Kelmes island houses an important nature reserve and this body of water is now divided into a small northern \"lake\" and a large southern one, but this was not the case before cotton production began diverting river water in the 1960's. It is fed by the Syr Darya and Amu Darya Rivers and is shared by Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. FTP, name this rapidly-shrinking Central Asian lake.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcf4387e3c9541a8a2aa5d8429f5cc1d",
            "input": "In some cases, zeolites act as a type of these that present molecules at the interface between an aqueous solution and an organic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are often used as a type of these that help anionic samples dissolve in organic solvents. These compounds, which come in (+) \"phase- boundary\" and \"phase-transfer\" varieties, include a heterocyclic carbene bound to a central ruthenium atom in the kind named for (*) Grubbs. Palladium poisoned with lead salts composes the one named for Lindlar. These compounds function by lowering activation energy. Biological examples of these compounds are called enzymes. For 10 points, name these compounds that increase the rate of a reaction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3090c106d0cc46f6a9d0aa162bdc8735",
            "input": "This composer included a poem apostrophizing a \"contented river\" in the score of one work. One of his works features seven exchanges between increasingly atonal flutes and a solo trumpet. Another has a first movement based on a theme found in \"Old Black Joe\" and \"Jesus Loves Me.\" He ended his second symphony with a dissonant (*) \"Bronx cheer.\" This composer had the woodwinds seek \"The Invisible Answer\" in the aforementioned The Unanswered Question. His second piano sonata has sections named for The Alcotts and Emerson and is called the Concord Sonata. Putnam's Camp and The Housatonic at Stockbridge are movements of another of his works. For 10 points, name this American composer of Three Places in New England.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01087abc4d05472fbca11a6e2d6dd6f6",
            "input": "This man wrote the definitive biography of the duke of Marlborough. He introduced labor exchanges and industry-specific minimum wages as president of the Board of Trade. That led to his promotion to First Lord of the Admiralty, where he orchestrated the disastrous Gallipoli campaign. During his \"\"wilderness years,\"\" he denounced the Munich Pact, which lent him credibility when he promised to \"\"fight them on the beaches. \"\" For 10 points, name this Prime Minister who succeeded Neville Chamberlain and led the U.K. for most of World War II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-55423d89e3524da58fb76cedfffbb7ab",
            "input": "The line, Into each life some rain must fall, comes from his early poem The Rainy Day from the collection Voices of the Night. Some of this mans other work includes The Spanish Student and Christus, while his poetry includes The Belfry of Bruges and The Golden Legend. After seven years of courting, he married his second wife, about whom he wrote The Cross of Snow and The Evening Star, this mans only love poem. This poets more famous works include The Jewish Cemetery at Newport, The Psalm of Life, and an epic which takes place \"by the shores of Gitchee Gumee. \" For 10 points, name this poet who wrote The Song of Hiawatha.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb9c0fc35f96466ea19405ce8d3821f5",
            "input": "This deity owns Hildesvini, the \"battle boar,\" which is actually the human Ottar in disguise. Other possessions include the eternally loyal chamberbaid Fulla; falcon skin that allows one to take the form of a bird; and the palace of Folkvang, where love songs are always played in the hall of Sessrumir. Depicted as riding into battle in a chariot drawn by two cats, she is always found wearing the necklace of the Brisings, though it was once stolen by Loki. FTP, name this daughter of Niord, the foremost goddess of the Vanir and sister of Frey.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cca66462bc5948f9a4161a3392be15b3",
            "input": "When it was originally published as part of larger work in 1855, this poem was not divided into sections and was not even given a separate title. The speaker is not a bit tamed and untranslatable and sounds his barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world. The poet asserts that, what I assume you shall assume/ for every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. For 10 points, what is this transcendentalist poem by Walt Whitman, which opens with the line I celebrate myself",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5e57b1e260b4e2f8866b9b1c4a24cc2",
            "input": "The chanting of the hymn \"Luriana Lurilee\" occurs before the shorter second section, where we learn that Andrew died in the War and that Prue died giving birth. Time Passes is also preceded by the arrival of the fat poet Augustus Carmichael at the family retreat during the first section, The Window, which describes characters such as Charles Tansley, who cruelly judges another character's work by saying \"Women can't paint. Women can't write. \" In the final section, Camelia and James finally go to the titular location and Lily Briscoe picks up a portrait of Mrs. Ramsay that she began years ago. This describes events in - for 10 points - what most famous work of Virginia Woolf",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c32caff00a4841e7abc8a1fba591c080",
            "input": "He advocated the approach of a dog hunting fleas in his paper The Application of Thought to Textual Criticism, and claimed that to transfuse emotion is the function of the title art in his 1933 Leslie Stephen lecture, The Name and Nature of Poetry. He said of the title group that What God abandoned, these defended in his Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries. After meeting Charon at the River Styx, he recalls his time at Oxford with Moses Jackson in Stoppards The Invention of Love. The thought that Fifty springs are little roomto look at things in bloom prompts him to go see the cherry hung with snow in his poem Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now. FTP, name this author whose poems Terence, This Is Stupid Stuff, When I Was One and Twenty, and To an Athlete Dying Young, are found in his collection A Shropshire Lad.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8493f011438f4ca292181423ded94688",
            "input": "Archbishop Mario Casariego was kidnapped by insurgents in this country, which was ruled by Mario Mendez Montenegro, a man whose tenure saw the atrocities committed by the so-called Butcher of Zacapa. In the wake of Jorge Serrano's disastrous auto-coup, Ramiro de Leon Carpio became leader of this country. One leader of this country redistributed chunks of land bigger than 226 acres to the landless as part of the Agrarian Reform Law of 1952. In the wake of Jorge Ubico's overthrow, a 1944 presidential election saw the rise of scholar Juan Jose Arevalo in this country. Carlos Castillo Armas wrestled power from this country's ruler Jacobo Arbenz, who was overthrown during a CIA coup led by Allen Dulles. For 10 points, identify this country whose plight was the subject of a biography by K'iche Rigoberta Menchu, and whose capital is a city named after the country.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47a95dfc870143a79970c1184c59c375",
            "input": "According to legend, he measured his casualties by ordering his soldiers crossing the Santas pass to leave a stone there and pick it up when they returned back over Tian Shan. He besieged Balkh in an effort against his brother-in-law Amir Husayn, and overcame the knights of Rhodes to take Smyrna. Shah Rukh was the only one of his sons to keep this rulers dynasty alive in Transoxiana, but his patronage of the arts survived, including a Quran inscribed on a signet ring. He defeated Toktamish of the Golden Horde seven years before capturing Bayezid I at Ankara. Famous for brutally sacking Baghdad and Dehli, FTP name this ruler of Samarkand known for his limp.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b23c282221a54790b1266873b3b133e7",
            "input": "Melvyn New recently edited the complete Florida Edition of this mans work, an early entry of which is a satire about a York lawyer, archbishop, and Dean, A Political Romance. His mature works were influenced by his friendship with the author of Crazy Tales, John Hall-Stevenson, and his love letters addressed to Mrs. Draper are collected in his Journal to Eliza. His two best-known works make liberal use of the aposiopesis, such as one ending with the narrator waking a woman in an inn in Moulines and possibly grabbing her chambermaids bottom. In another of his novels, Obadiah and Slop debate the responsibility of a cows failure to calf, which Yorick terms a cock and bull story. For 10 points, name this author of A Sentimental Journey and Tristram Shandy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ebd03d133f646dd8865c00ca63d8ed3",
            "input": "This man had a dream where he was instructed to \"serve the Master rather than the man\" after giving his armor to a poor knight. This man especially revered the chapel at Porziuncola. One of his most famous miracles occurred after he saw a man with six wings suspended from a cross while praying. This saint pawned many of his father's possessions to fund the restoration of the church of San Damiano. One group of his followers split into the heretical Spiritualist group. A dream prompted Innocent III to recognize this man's order, and he unsuccessfully tried to convert al-Malik al-Kamil during the Fifth Crusade. This author of the \"Canticle of the Sun\" pacified the Wolf of Gubbio and inspired a female order known as the Poor Clares. For 10 points, name this founder of the Friars Minor who preached to the birds",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d9c6c18d8de450fa65edf0f960fc973",
            "input": "Though it's not glutamate, DARPP-32 is expressed in medium spiny neurons with this molecule's receptors and is phosphorylated by those receptors, thus becoming an inhibitor of protein phosphotase 1. Bupropion blocks reuptake of this and another molecule by binding to this molecule's transporter. That transporter is important in all four of this molecule's major pathways, which include the mesolimbic and the mesocortical. Tuberoinfundibular neurons secrete this neurotransmitter to inhibit Prolactin, which counteracts one of its effects. It is a precursor to other catecholamines like epinephrine and is mainly produced in the substantia nigra. One theory of schizophrenia is that it is related to hyperactive receptors of this compound. For 10 points, name this neurotransmitter which is used to treat Parkinson's disease.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fffa687de0df4839965da71095c7fe63",
            "input": "In contrast to other related compounds, these compounds have their acidic side chains esterified with methanol or phytol. The \"e\" type is a rare type found in golden algae, while the \"c\" and \"d\" types are often found with the \"a\" type, which with the \"b\" type is the major type found in land plants and green algae. Found in the grana of plant cells, they are porphyrins which contain magnesium. FTP, what is this green pigment which allows plants to carry out the process of photosynthesis",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffd5c69ee32740f29d38edff61ad9473",
            "input": "One tactic in this battle was inspired by the Battle of Nicopolis, where infantrymen dug palings into the ground to drive off cavalry. Sir Thomas Erpingham led troops in this battle against the Count of Vendome and the Duke of Bourbon. Humphrey, the Duke of Gloucester, was wounded in this battle, which saw French armored troops led by Charles d'Albret get [*] stuck in the mud while English longbowmen picked them off. Leading to the Treaty of Troyes, for 10 points, name this battle fought on St. Crispin's day, 1415, that saw the French routed by England's Henry V in the Hundred Years' War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-123eec118c324ee2a26ba9682201134c",
            "input": "The Ripon (RIP-uhn) Falls at the outflow of this body of water are now submerged. Its features include the Winam (WIN-am) Gulf and the Sese (SAY-SAY) archipelago. Its Speke (SPEAK) Gulf is named for one explorer of this lake. Much of the water coming into this lake goes through the Kagera (kuh-GAIR-uh) River. Kampala (KAHM-pah-lah), the capital of (*) Uganda, is located nearby. This lake's only outlet is the Nile. For 10 points, name this largest lake by surface area in Africa, named for a British monarch.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1e5ff812d5b54dd1a20a1d7a4b33fe71",
            "input": "Basilio saves his lover Quiteria from being forced to marry the title character in this composers comic opera The Marriage of Camacho, while he wrote an oratorio about a biblical prophet one year after his opus 66, Piano Trio No. 2 in C minor. This composer struggled to complete his sole violin concerto in E minor after a request from King Frederick William IV, finished near the completion of eight volumes of six pieces for solo piano as part of his Songs without Words. A trip to Fingals Cave inspired his Hebrides Overture, and he wrote a Wedding March as part of incidental music for A Midsummer Nights Dream. FTP, name this German composer of the Scottish, Italian, and Reformation Symphonies",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b9d92768871423ca748331813f2f283",
            "input": "In one work from this country, the title character helps Fabio administer a ranch he inherited from his father Don Caceres; that work is Don Segundo Sumbra by Ricardo Guiraldes. In another work from this country, the titular character and her cousin Daniel protect Eduardo from the Rosas regime in what is considered this country's first novel, Amalia by Jose Marmol. One author from this country wrote The Tunnel and Of Heroes and Tombs and is named and Ernesto (*) Sabato. One of the most famous works from this country is written in the eight-syllable style of local ballads known as payadas; that work is a 2,316-line epic poem describing an impoverished farmer who has been drafted to serve at a border fort, El Gaucho Martin Fierro. For 10 points, identify this South American country home to Jose Hernandez, Manuel Puig, and Julio Cortazar.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bff3636b6b34451dba34bedc25d9013f",
            "input": "Mutations in the APL gene cause defects in this tissue, and another type of cell in this tissue expresses WRKY27, which influences the NO response. The CONSTANS protein in Arabidopsis acts in this tissue in order to regulate flowering. In sections this tissue appears green under the fast-green stain, but it is more commonly viewed using . 05% aniline blue, which stains callose. This tissue is surrounded by Bast fibers, and these tissues sometimes operate by Robert Turgeon's polymer-trap mechanism. This tissue is responsible for some forms of translational repression by carrying fragmented tRNA, and the ribosomes and mitochondria for this tissue are primarily stored in its companion cells. Ernst Munch proposed the pressure-flow hypothesis for transport through this tissue, which consists of sieve tube elements. For 10 points, name this tissue that transports organic molecules and sugars in plants.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c024ac09ddff4f91ae87d74aa5cd053b",
            "input": "Its government had a constitution providing for the payment of taxes and salaries by using produce. Opponents of the government, led by John Tipton, protested the preliminary conventions at Jonesboro and the first assembly meeting at Greenville. After a period of four years, Tipton successfully had its governor arrested on a charge of high treason, though that governor, John Sevier, would later serve in the North Carolina legislature. Existing from 1784 to 1788, FTP, name this one-time autonomous state in eastern Tennessee.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-009a5a10920347659ec1af099bdb1050",
            "input": "He wrote a variation on Henry James' Turn of the Screw in which a composer named \"D\" kills the titular character, Aghwee the Sky Monster, and attacked a famous countryman in the novella The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away. A writer leaves his son in the care of Ma-Chan to spend a year at the University of California in his A Quiet Life, while a terrorist incident in his homeland was the basis for his novel about the Church of the New Man, Somersault. He has also written a novel featuring sodomy with a cucumber and one about a mentally ill boy and a black man named Bird, A Personal Matter. FTP, identify this Japanese author of Nip the Bud, Shoot the Kids and The Silent Cry.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3061c835587845b9943e399083bf048c",
            "input": "By a special case of the projection-slice theorem, performing the Hankel transform is equivalent to performing this man's transform for axially symmetric functions along with Fourier's. The absolute value of the inner product of two vectors is bounded by an inequality named for this man, who sometimes names the formula for summation by parts. The equation of titration is derived from this man's equation, which equates f(h(x)) with f(x+1), but he is better known for an identity linking the Wronskian of a second order differential equation to the equation itself and for an identity with Ruffini. Better known for proving that the general form of a quintic polynomial is insolvable, for 10 points, name this mathematician who names groups which are commutative, a Norwegian. \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ee5de6e5d02441c85c38aa6341e97c5",
            "input": "Redpath, Thaden, and Fong found that E. Coli could be transformed from streptomycin-sensitive to streptomycin-resistant in the presence of this. Since this depends on the phase velocity, this can be achieved with very low particle velocities in a periodic medium, an effect known as the Smith-Purcell effect. Experiments such as VERITAS and MAGIC seek to determine the source and intensity of cosmic rays by detecting this, and Nag and Sayied found certain cases in which the energy released by this was larger than predicted by the Frank-Tamm formula, the usual method of calculating the amount of this emitted. For ten points, name this phenomenon, the subject of the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, caused by charged particles traveling faster than the speed of light in a medium, a type of radiation famous for the blue glow it gives nuclear reactors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11b4066f3c344015a1ee9e745f972f13",
            "input": "Among his late works is the string quartet From My Life. His brief time spent with Wagner led to one opera, Dalibor, which was much less successful than Libuse, an opera about a legendary figure in his nation's history. Another opera, The Brandenburgers of Bohemia, like many of his works was created after the deafness that set in as a result of syphilis. Vyserad and Moldau are just two of the six symphonic poems that make up his Ma Vlast, or My Country. FTP, name this Czech composer of the opera The Bartered Bride.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e970bfd99714cd3a3ca77024e41501a",
            "input": "Its precursor, the Distribution Act, increased the money supply by distributing the accumulated federal surplus to the states, but the effect spurred deflation and caused a seven-year depression. Issued by treasury secretary Levi Woodbury, it was the largest attack of the president's war against the Second Bank of the United States as well as state \"pet banks. \"  Though specifically targeted only at those profiting unfairly from government land transactions, FTP, name this 1837 executive order by Andrew Jackson that made only gold and silver payments acceptable.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a85ac217810f4ff0abf9994f38a41d53",
            "input": "The protagonist of one work by this author becomes an opium addict after realizing that he has fallen in love with a prostitute and abandoning his life as an artist. That work opens with a description of the people found on the titular thoroughfare at different times of the day, and centers on Pirogov and Piskarev. In another work by this author, the protagonist goes to a newspaper office to place an ad to solve his problem after giving up hopes at a police station. That work sees the titular figure pose as a State Councilor and deny that he is actually the titular object that belongs to Major Kovalyov, and opens in an establishment which advertises that it lets blood. For 10 points, name this Russian author of \"Nevsky Prospect\" and \"The Nose.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f30ab47dbf249ed85e7936a0c472c48",
            "input": "One president of this country was scandalized when he allowed the warship Esmerelda to fly its flag. That leader was succeeded by a man known as the \"Old Battler,\" Eloy Alfaro, who led the liberal revolution here in opposition to Gabriel Garcia Moreno; both of those leaders were assassinated and journalist Juan Montalvo bragged that his pen killed the latter. The populist Jose Velasco Ibarra served as its president five times in the 20th century. Its independence came with the defeat of the general Melchor Aymerich by Sucre in 1822 at the Battle of Pichincha, after which it briefly became the southern district of Gran Colombia. More recently, its leaders have resolved border disputes with neighboring president Alberto Fujimori. FTP, name this South American country home to Cotopaxi, Guayaquil, and Quito.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b863a8694bb451292d201271b9d6c09",
            "input": "The Clausius-Clapeyron equation assumes the change in this to be zero. Because this quantity is most useful when the substance in question is both isothermal and isobaric, a different quantity is used for explosive substances. An equation partially due to the namesake of this quantity gives the temperature dependence of this quantity for an ideal gas. A zero change in this quantity for a system implies that the system is in equilibrium, but a negative value for this quantity implies that a reaction is spontaneous. One may derive this by utilizing the Legendre transform on the internal energy of a system. For ten points, name this state function named for its American inventor, which measures the maximum amount of work attainable from a system, defined as enthalpy minus the product of temperature and entropy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec56434bd36e41b395ec431f69fcc7ab",
            "input": "In one story, this god disguises himself as the farmhand Bolverk in a successful attempt to retrieve the Mead of Poetry. This god sits atop the \"\"high place\"\" of Hlidskjalf, and that which he cannot see is recalled to him by his two ever-circling ravens, Hugin and Munin. This god, who hung from the world tree on the spear Gungnir to earn mastery of the runes, will be swallowed whole by the wolf Fenrir at Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this one-eyed chief god of the Norse pantheon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc0a0a7980d54c6589a265c43f1f768b",
            "input": "One poem by this author claims that \"there's nothing sentimental about the technique of writing,\" which can be mastered by \"any young man with a mind bursting to get out.\" This author argued that \"The United States without self- seeking has given more of material help to Europe and to the world than have all other nations of the world put together in the entire history of mankind\" in the chapter \"Jacataqua,\" from a book which contains short biographies of people like Eric the Red, Walter Raleigh, and Daniel Boone. Another book by him begins with the section \"The Delineaments of the Giants,\" which mentions \"blank faces of the houses and cylindrical trees\" to reinforce that there are \"no ideas but in things,\" and describes a place that  \"lies in the valley under the Passaic Falls, its spent waters forming the outline of his back.\" For 10 points, name this author of In the American Grain and an epic about his New Jersey hometown, Paterson.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5cc2ecc695294babbdb33c384f566781",
            "input": "The first mosque in this country was built at Marree by a group of laborers known as the \"Afghan cameleers.\" The Nan Tien Buddhist temple was built near this country's Mount Kembla. It's not France, but its first native saint founded the Sisters of St. Joseph of the Sacred Heart and is known as \"Saint Mary of the Cross.\" Ceremonial musical instruments from this country include the (*) bullroarer. Some people from this country believe in \"songlines,\" invisible paths across the landscape which mark the routes taken by totemic creator figures such as Barnumbirr, Baiame, and the Rainbow Serpent, who were active during the sacred \"Dreamtime.\" For 10 points, name this country in which Ayers Rock, or Uluru, is considered sacred by its aboriginal population.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5d3ac8219134a2fb64011c7c1d77e14",
            "input": "At one point the protagonist compares himself to a gadfly that stings a lazy horse, and at another point is accused of belief in a semi-divine, daemon spirit. The third section argues that death should not be feared, since it is either a peaceful sleep or another world filled with heroes from the past. The second part sees the protagonist propose that Athens punish him with free board at the public's expense for his crimes; earlier, Meletos was led into a series of contradictions, but nonetheless Meletos and his two fellow accusers are victorious. FTP, what is this Platonic dialogue concerning Socrates' defense against charges of sacrilege and corruption of the youth",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d3df7946a9346a39c6de646c4a3f1ae",
            "input": "Robert Conrad was elected mayor of Philadelphia after being revealed as a member of this group. In Massachusetts, it helped elect Senator Henry Wilson, while in Indiana it recruited congressman Schuyler Colfax. One member was the only man to defeat Boss Tweed in an election. Their presidential candidate was a former Comptroller of New York who led the Silver-Grey Whigs, while their vice-Presidential candidate was Kitchen Cabinet member Andrew Donnelson. For 10 points, name this political party formed out of the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, which nominated Millard Fillmore for President and was defined by its secrecy and opposition to Catholic immigrants.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29e7139388ee4b3592709c8c02a980de",
            "input": "One of this composer's works pairs the \"Largo alla Siciliana\" movement \"La Paix\" with \"La Rejouissance,\" which includes ad lib. snare drum parts in addition to that work's 3 sets of timpani and 24 oboes. This composer included an \"Alla Hornpipe\" in the second suite of one of his orchestral works. This composer included a musical depiction of flies in Israel in Egypt and the chorus \"See, the Conqu'ring Hero Comes!\" in Judas Maccabeus. He included a fugue on the words \"and he shall reign for ever - and ever\" in one work. For 10 points, name this German-English composer of Water Music and Music for the Royal Fireworks, whose Messiah includes the \"Hallelujah Chorus.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f646456eb99c4413a288e626e3e5e61c",
            "input": "One character in this work receives a crossbow as a twenty-first birthday president from his mother, and later commits suicide when he is told that he must marry a woman who tricked him into declaring his love for her. Another character in this work is killed when a bunch of birds turn into humans and drown him, and would later convince the protagonist of this work that his daughter is the woman that protagonist is in love with. Wolfgang is the major domo of the court and the tutor of the protagonist of this work, and Bennon von Summerstein helps him to throw a party at the beginning of this work. For 10 pointsname this work in which Odile is the daughter of the sorcerer von Rothbart and Siegfried falls in love with Odette, a ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c9e156493ea4471b3fd65443e482acb",
            "input": "The narrator of one poem by this author dismisses a \"red sword of virtue,\" while the speaker of another of his poems from the same collection encounters a \"creature, naked, bestial\" who \"held his heart in his hands/and ate of it. \" Other works by this author of the collection The Black Riders include a short story in which Johnny accuses the Swede of cheating at a card game, and another based on his own experiences after the sinking of the Commodore. This author of \"The Blue Hotel\" and \"The Open Boat\" also wrote novels starring a \"girl of the streets\" and Private Henry Fleming. For 10 points, identify this author of Maggie and The Red Badge of Courage.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc8b9efaa178402aab01ac7cc3838c44",
            "input": "Shire river flows out of this body of water into the Zambezi river, and Chizumulu and Likoma are some of the islands located in it. For 15 points, identify this lake that borders Tanzania and Mozambique on the east and a namesake country on its west.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fdef6839965041168c2d4c353e6cee5b",
            "input": "While a man in this play reads the newspaper, he says that Mary Splatt has just had a baby girl, prompting his wife to declare she'd much rather have a boy. One woman in this play seems confused that her husband goes out at the same time every day, but it's only dark out some days, until he explains that the sun comes up later in winter. This play opens with one character repeatedly asking ($) \"Is that you\" before giving a man some cornflakes. During a game of blind man's bluff during this play, one man gets his glasses broken, prompting him to get angry and try to (*) rape Lulu. That man denies that the title event is for him despite receiving a drum at the end of Act I, and he is eventually carted away by Goldberg and McCann. For ten points, identify this play set at Meg and Petey's boarding house, the title event of which celebrates Stanley Webber, a work by Harold Pinter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-150c2c21abd2461fb6328d77d32ee15b",
            "input": "In one relationship, they envelop the gonidia or allow reproduction via the soredia. The first structures to emerge from the propagule, they are composed of chitin, and secrete the enzyme laccase. They lack plastids, though their central vacuoles are surrounded by a multinucleate cytoplasm that provides mass for their statolithic function. Modified in parasites to form tissue-penetrating haustoria, during symbiosis, their specialized mycorrhiza form invades invaginations of the cell membrane of vascular plants. FTP, name these threadlike filaments that make up the mycelium in true fungi.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc6034a175c44e8dabc738ed07333f2e",
            "input": "In one play by this author, three characters in large urns talk deliver rapid-fire monologues about a love affair. In another, the only part of the stage which is illuminated is the mouth of a character who describes events from her life. In one play, he wrote about two legless characters who live in trash cans, Nagg and Nell, who are the parents of the blind old man Hamm. Another character created by this author is addicted to bananas and listens to recordings of himself on his sixth-ninth birthday. His most famous work sees Pozzo command his slave Lucky to dance in order to entertain Vladimir and Estragon. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of Endgame, Krapp's Last Tape, and Waiting for Godot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-186f1f31c2f840ba9abe3d4861eec3ba",
            "input": "This composer reworked an instrumental sarabande into the aria Lascia ch'io planga. He called for improvised solo organ pieces to be placed ad libitum into the later of his organ concertos, a genre he invented to show off. The \"Hailstone Chorus\" appears in the first part of an oratorio by this man whose second part is \"The Song of Moses\"; that work is Israel in Egypt. One of this man's works includes a suite in G major that has a rigaudon, a minuet, and five shorter, unnamed pieces, as well as a suite in F major that begins with a (*) French overture. That piece was written to be played on barges floating on the River Thames for King George I. For 10 points, name this Baroque composer who wrote Water Music and the oratorio Messiah.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea310076ca4d430cac83f119ac0c0143",
            "input": "The author of this work dubbed it the literature of \"okashi\", or charming, and this work became the model for the genre known as \"zuihitsu\", or miscellany. Items such as \"snow on the houses of common people\", and \"a woman of the lower classes dressed in a scarlet-trouser skirt\" fall under this work's chapter entitled Vexatious Things, while a similar list comprises another chapter titled Beautiful Things. Written under the patronage of Empress Sadako in the late 10th century, FTP, identify this work of Japanese literature by Sei Shonagon.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b01b867ca8434ec09b4b3f5cd29ff55d",
            "input": "One side in this battle was supplied in part by a group of troops who ran the Red Ball Express. An offensive launched by the other side in this battle was Operation Bodenplatte, and that side in this battle also launched a surprise attack on the \"\"ghost front. \"\" For 10 points, name this 1944-1945 battle fought in the Ardennes Mountains, in which the Germans were ultimately repulsed despite causing a temporary namesake deformation in the Allied line.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8acf431960b44439a28267dc94449265",
            "input": "to one story, this figure is disguised as a girl and raised by Athamas of Orchomenus, who kills his own son Learchus when struck with madness by Hera. That tale also describes how a pomegranate tree springs up from his blood when he is torn apart and boiled by Titans. In another story, this deity takes refuge with Thetis and sets a drought on the land of the Edones before making king Lycurgus slice up his own son thinking he is cutting ivy. His mother dies when Zeus is unable to break a pledge to show himself in his full splendor, but he is (*) transplanted into his father's thigh. This son of Zeus and Semele has a group of followers responsible for killing and tearing apart Orpheus, the maenads. For 10 points, name this Greek god of wine and revelry.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78ce2b07ff294d9a9893a9ad474c2192",
            "input": "This man remarked that he had \"married a womb\" after divorcing his first wife and marrying Marie Louise of Austria. With Austria, this man divided Venice after signing the treaty of Campo Formio. In one essay, Karl Marx called this man and his nephew a \"tragedy\" and a \"farce\", respectively. This man humiliated Frederick William III's army at the Battle of (*) Jena-Auerstedt. That battle involved generals like Gerhardt von Bluecher who defeated this man in a battle that occurred after the Hundred Days and led to his exile in St. Helena. For ten points, name this husband of Josephine who became the first French emperor and lost at Waterloo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-331aa910f11c46518bb251a09c2ac103",
            "input": "Giving the same products as the Peterson reaction, unlike the Knoevenagel and aldol reactions, it is stereoselective and regiospecific. Beta-carotene is synthesized from vitamin A using this reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone reacts with a phosphonium ylide to form an alkene. For ten points, name this eponymous reaction which won its German discoverer a share of a Nobel Prize.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-72d5cc4889d547a096a70eb8f0563778",
            "input": "Justice Thomas referred to this decision in his concurrence Parents v. Seattle, and, as a law clerk, William Rehnquist wrote that this decision was right and should be reaffirmed. Justice David Brewer did not participate in this case, and Albion W. Tourgee served as lead counsel in arguing for the Citizens Committee. In dissenting, Justice John Harlan wrote that the law was color blind and believed that the one-eighth-black man should not have had to move from the Louisiana railroad car. FTP, name this 1896 Supreme Court Case which established separate but equal.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa75bbf9ca2a41c49946bb9637f6f454",
            "input": "Because of his part in the execution of Thomas Scott he was prevented from taking his seat in the House of Commons and eventually forced into exile. On his return to the country, he was put on trial following the fall of Batoche, and a jury entirely consisting of English-speaking Protestants found him guilty of treason. Born in the Red River settlement, he headed the provisional government that negotiated the Manitoba Act. FTP, name this leader of the Mtis who was in charge during the 1885 rebellion against the Canadian government.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87567e1eb1fb45cb9a8a1a471ffd6a82",
            "input": "This statement follows directly from considering the powers of a second-order characteristic function, then applying the Lvy continuity theorem. A theorem intimately related to this one uses the modulus of a normalized multi-fold convolution as a term in the bound of a third central moment; that theorem due to Berry and Essen can be said to bound deviation from the result that this theorem guarantees. Conditions under which this statement holds are due to Feller and Lvy, Lindeberg, Gnedenko, Kolmogorov, and Lyapunov, who first relaxed its assumptions to independence and finite zeroth through second moments; previous versions of this theorem had additionally required identical distribution of the underlying variates. For ten points, identify this theorem that states that the distribution of a sample of independent random variables approaches a normal distribution with sample size.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a3693de08b943ac8da4fd75fe8d6896",
            "input": "One form of this quantity is represented as the cross product of lambda times magnetization and the derivative of magnetization in the Landau- Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. For an electric dipole, this quantity with a \"spin- transfer\" variety is equal to the cross product of the dipole moment and the electric field, while for a rigid body, this quantity can be maximized by increasing the distance from the pivot point or increasing the tangential component of force. With units of newton-meters, it is the time derivative of angular momentum. For 10 points, name this quantity, the rotational analogue of force.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bab69d0e81494ee198cf62353ff17391",
            "input": "This kind of molecule is detected by the CIDNP effect in NMR spectroscopy, and examples of them include the nitroso component of Fremy's salt and TEMPO. They take part in reactions like NMP, ATRP, and RAFT, or reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer. One of these based on naphthalene shows up as five quintets in ESR spectroscopy, which is especially suited to their study. The most prominent biological one is counteracted by its namesake dismutase, superoxide, and the anti-Markovnikov addition of HBr to an alkene can occur via one of these. Other reactions involving them tend to consist of initiation, propagation, and termination. FTP, name these highly reactive molecules characterized by an unpaired electron in their outer shell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a256b3f4a7484952b6f23aaeb86936cf",
            "input": "A derivative identity for them can be obtained in terms of Chebyshev polynomials, and their generating function is \"exponential of x over 2 times quantity t minus one over t.\"  For small values of the argument, the ordinary one may be approximated as \"x to the n over quantity 2 to the n times n factorial\" and the nth modified one is related to the nth regular one by a factor of i to the n with multiplication of the argument by i.  Hankel functions are complex linear combination of them, and they arise as solutions of Laplace's equation in cylindrical coordinates, so they're also known as cylinder functions. FTP, identify these special functions named for the German astronomer who discovered them and symbolized J and Y.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e24573e16e454d4197481c13c7a1f9b6",
            "input": "This man's first published work was his commentary on Seneca's De Clementia, ironic in that he showed no clemency to the Spanish heretic Michael Servetus, urging his burning at the stake in 1553. The prologue to his most famous work is the letter he wrote to Francis I condemning that monarch's burning of Etienne la Forge, which led to his fleeing France to another nation at the invitation of his friend, the protestant preacher William Farel, where he developed his ideas of predestination. FTP name this reformer of Geneva best known for writing The Institutes of the Christian Religion.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c3a1ee7e98343d3abe7e98ca9d31afc",
            "input": "Using Ramanujan's identity or a combination of the Euler identity and Jacobi triple product, p congruencies for it can be found, and Liebniz noted that it was not prime for n equals 7. Numbers which can not be written as a product of it correspond to nonisomorphic Abelian groups that are not possible for any group order. As a function of the volume, temperature, and number of particles in a system, it connects the mechanical properties of a system, through the quantized energies, with the system's thermodynamic properties and its inverse serves as the constant of proportionality between the probability of finding the system in a certain quantum state and the Boltzmann factor. FTP, what is this quantity, represented as Q or Z, which is the sum of all the energy states of a system and gives the distributed of energy over all the possible microstates of the system",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb35e401a31a4761b12fd57354f551a5",
            "input": "A beta-sheet sandwich structure is common to all types of these whose Fab and Fc regions can be separated by papain based on their crystallizability. Their effector functions are increased through CSR, while somatic hypermutation occurs in their variable regions and renders a higher affinity for binding sites. They are used in the ELISA process, and Kohler and Milstein got the Nobel in Medicine for producing the monoclonal varieties of these. They can easily change isotypes, of which humans have five, and they attach to epitope of their targets by induced fit. For 10 points, name these y- shaped proteins produced by B Cells, that target and attack foreign antigens.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87f67819ac3a4c5caa6aaba6838ce0ad",
            "input": "suggests that one organism in this phylum introduced the parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni to the Chesapeake Bay. That organism is Crassostrea gigas. The laterofrontal cirri of the ctenidia in this phylum filter and retain particles. Some organisms in this phylum use byssal threads to attach themselves to a substrate. Filter feeders in this phylum excrete pseudofeces and notably lack a toothed chitinous ribbon. Important features of this phylum include an extension of the body wall which is often responsible for secreting a calcium carbonate shell, the mantle, as well as the radula. For 10 points, name this phylum containing the classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia, examples of which are snails and mussels.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac124290e260469b8fd7654104970705",
            "input": "author claimed that there is no right to hold a bird of prey accountable for being a bird of prey. Ernst Haeckel latched onto this philosopher's idea of the \"world riddle. \" A renowned translator and interpreter of this philosopher's works was Walter Kaufman. This thinker chastised his prior love of Wagner in an \"attempt at self-criticism\" appended to a work in which he contrasted the Dionysian and Apollonian aspects of the title art form. He described the \"blond beast\" in his treatment of ethics, On the Genealogy of Morals. For 10 points, name this philosopher who proclaimed \"God is Dead\" in The Gay Science and wrote The Birth of Tragedy.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d5e0efc3ef0b45cba978f1a7bf640496",
            "input": "One character in this novel is reprimanded for her definition of horse. The young man named James Harthouse attempts to test the virtue of one character in this novel, but Mrs. Sparsit is intent on watching her. Stephen Blackpool and Mrs. Pegler are suspected of robbing the Bank belonging to Mr. Bounderby, an industrialist friend of one character in this novel. One character in this novel runs a school in Coketown and insists that his students learn facts, facts, facts, but his plans for his own children are messed up by the daughter of a circus clown named Sissy Jupe. For ten points, identify his novel about the Thomas and Louisa Gradgrind, a novel by Charles Dickens.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99f0f636485d440c8ba1e111a2d91729",
            "input": "One variety of this type of device works because quantum mechanical tunneling causes an increase in voltage to result in a decrease in current. That variety is noteworthy for the small size of its key component, which is often about one hundred angstroms wide, and is known as the tunnel variety. Another type of this device works by being reversed biased, thus keeping the voltage close to a namesake voltage. That variety often used as a shunt voltage regulator is named after an American physicist who also has a namesake pinning. One common type of these devices uses materials with a direct band gap, and like all of these devices, consists of a semiconducting chip doped with impurities to create a P-N junction. Including Zener varieties, for 10 points, name this device which conducts electric current in one direction, the most famous type of which emits light.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-caadf6691b684441a31fb570961e912c",
            "input": "One character in this work is hit by a hot buttered biscuit during a dinner in which a couple exchanged tactical signals while attempting to become endeared to a dying man. That man would later claim to have been to \"death's country\", which allows him to know that his son is lying to him about Skipper. This work ends when one character claims to be in love with another character, who drunkenly replies, \"wouldn't it be nice if that were true\", though that first character had earlier claimed that she would stab herself in the neck if the second character would never have sex with her again. For 10 pointsname this work about Big Daddy, Maggie, and Brick, a play by Tennessee Williams.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9679676eed7450ca731505c387cb664",
            "input": "The eighth of these is sometimes called \"Lento a capriccio\", and Franz Doppler collaborated with their composer to orchestrate six of these. Most of them followed the form of a slow introduction, or lassu, followed by a faster friska section, and the most-famous second one of these, in C sharp minor, included space for the performer to include his or her own cadenza. They inspired a pair of similarly-titled and structured works for violin and piano by Bela Bartok, and the fifteenth of these piano works uses the Racoczy March as its main theme. For 10 points, name this series of nineteen gypsy music-inspired compositions so named for the country of their composer's origin, by Franz Liszt.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99dcd3d71e2c4a37899f7647701f9a42",
            "input": "In a 1958 essay titled this work \"revisited,\" its author proposes \"Education for Freedom. \" One character is described as having old-fashioned sensibilities due to having too much alcohol in his prenatal bottle, and the novel opens with a description of the Bokanovsky process during which the word \"mother\" is used scandalously. A vacationer in this work named Thomakin impregnates Linda but leaves her in New Mexico, and their offspring is named John. Other characters in this work include Mustapha Mond, Lenina Crowne, and Bernard Marx. FTP, name this novel in which time is measured \"After Ford\" that features a drug called soma, a work of Aldous Huxley.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec91c0f2af704a1ab1e900229086bada",
            "input": "In a work composed by this man, four men bring the dancer a flower, then alternately dance with her, in a technically challenging scene called the Rose Adagio. In another of his ballets, four dancers grasping hands fall to the ground when trying to separate from each other; that scene was choreographed by Lev Ivanov. While squatting, men violently kick upward to perform the prisiadka in the Trepak of one of his ballets. Another ends with a procession of fairy tale characters after Desire wakes up Aurora. A celesta plays the Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy in his ballet about Clara. For 10 points, name this composer of The Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake, and The Nutcracker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fee452b5bbdb4d15a807d6250b442bfd",
            "input": "After losing a contest to this character, Heracles briefly joined the Thiasus, his retinue. Some stories claim he was the son of Persephone and that, at Heras bidding, the Titans ate all of him but his heart, which Zeus put in the womb of his better-known mother. He is sometimes said to be the father of the Graces with Aphrodite, and he fathered Oenopion with Ariadne. Acoetes, the helmsman, was the only one spared when pirates attempted to sell this god into slavery, and he once drove his cousin Pentheus mad, luring him out into the woods where his Maenads tore him apart. For 10 points, identify this son of Semele, the Greek god of inspired madness and wine.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2dc5f7d88244aaf9d3ced87b9784ca7",
            "input": "She collected her short stories, such as the \"Watcher for the Dead\" in volumes such as The Soft Voice of the Serpent and Beethoven was One-sixteenth Black. Her newest novel deals with a man undergoing radiation therapy for thyroid cancer, Paul Banneman, and another work sees Ann Davis have an affair with Gideon Shibalo. Besides Get a Life and Occasion for Loving, as well as her first novel Lying Days, she wrote of a relationship between Julie Summers and the illegal immigrant Abdu in The Pickup. In a more famous work, one character plays with kittens with her friend Nyiko, but her mother drowns those kittens in a bucket of water and after helping shoot two boars Daniel steals Bamford's gun to fight in Johannesburg. Other creations include Rosa, Lionel, and the Smales. For 10 points, name this author of The Conservationist and July's People.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-070ace6866e54fe79d2dd619cfb28cda",
            "input": "Doctors Hollatz and Hornstetter insist this novel's protagonist suffered from excessive isolation, not helped when bullies like Nuchi Eyke and Susi Kater forced him to drink a soup of bricks, urine, and live frogs, though Gretchen Scheffler pitied him and taught him about Rasputin and Goethe. After his father marries his lover Maria Truczinski, the protagonist leads a gang called the Dusters, and joins a jazz band at the Onion Cellar, but Vittlar turns him in for killing Sister Dorothea after he flees his hometown Danzig after World War II. FTP, name this novel about Oskar Matzerath and his toy instrument, by Gunther Grass.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-456d6892bb4548d192f0b4d2deb19f2a",
            "input": "The 90,000 species in this clade are traditionally divided into the paraphyletic class Adenophorea and the more natural class Secernentea. Free-living members can be found in moist soil and in decomposing organic matter on lake and ocean bottoms, where they play an important role in decomposition and nutrient cycling. This clade also includes parasitic members such as Ascaris lumbricoides, which infect over 1. 5 billion people, and Trichinella spiralis, the causative agent of trichinosis. For 10 points, identify this pseudocoelomate worm phylum whose most famous member is, the hermaphroditic model organism with exactly 959 somatic cells, Caenorhabditis elegans.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4c09b0be6e234ec5baea6b62cd982764",
            "input": "An alcohol-induced disorder, Marchiafava-Bignami disease, affects this structure. After this structure, the anterior commissure is the largest and most useful structure for performing the appointed task. Agenesis of this structure can result in vision impairment, difficulty in problem solving, and difficulty in recognizing emotions. In order to reduce severe epilepsy, this structure may be cut, leading patients to experience a \"split brain. \" It consists of over 200 million nerve fibers, and is the largest white matter structure in the brain. For 10 points, identify this brain structure, a bundle of axons that connects and facilitates communication across the left and right hemispheres of the brain.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89c6c0f691594d428b4fa2e481566fe9",
            "input": "This man rose to prominence as the head of a namesake \"\"Senate Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program. \"\" His Vice-President, Alben Barkley, was nicknamed the \"\"Veep. \"\" This President unsuccessfully vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act, attacked the \"\"Do-Nothing Congress,\"\" and promoted his \"\"Fair Deal. \"\" A Chicago Tribune headline falsely claimed that (*) Thomas Dewey had defeated this man. This President integrated the armed forces and entered the U.S. into the Korean War. For 10 points, name this President who authorized the use of atomic bombs in World War II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5ddbbecbdc54800a779d8e67ee898dc",
            "input": "He discussed the First World War in his work The Hope of the Great Community, and the potential for the namesake institution to promote peace in War and Insurance. This thinker propounded that the \"central and essential postulate\" of every religion is that \"man needs to be saved,\" which was in direct reply to William James's The Varieties of Religious Experience, found in this thinker's The Sources of Religious Insight. In another work, instead of an Absolute mind, he posited the world as a universe of signs interpreted by a community of minds and guided by spirit of truth seeking. For 10 points, name this American absolute idealist who wrote The Problem of Christianity, The Philosophy of Loyalty, and The World and the Individual.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cded759e46af484896d1b788f267ef05",
            "input": "The economic damage inflicted by responses to this phenomenon are reflected by the sacrifice ratio. The opportunity costs of this are often referred to as \"shoe leather costs. Academic predictions that it would be triggered by monetary overhang in 1990s Europe proved right everywhere except Hungary, which was then judged to have already begun liberalization. It is represented by pi in the Fisher Equation, which uses it to compare real and nominal interest rates. The Mundell-Tobin effect posits that there is not a direct relationship between nominal interest rates and this. Robert Gordon developed the \"Triangle Model\" of this phenomenon, which assumes adaptive expectations, supply shocks, and increases in aggregate demand causes its three main types. Plotted in the Philips curve against unemployment and often considered in cost-push and demand-pull varieties, for 10 points, name this rise in price level over time.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13a4232ef8b24b188a1beeec5e6c4664",
            "input": "After the death of his de facto predecessor, he escaped an assassination attempt by jumping naked into a bath of priests after being ambushed near Nishinomiya by agents sent by Akechi. Shortly after this incident, he would defeat Akechi at the battle of Yodo and place that man's head in front of Honnoji Temple, the spot where his predecessor, the grandfather of Samboshi, was killed. As kampaku he instituted land surveys or kenchi in addition to instituting the policy of shi-no-ko-sho which rigidly separated the classes. He unsuccessfully engineered two invasions of Korea, dying during the middle of the second one in 1598. Helping end the Momoyama period, FTP, identify this man who continued Oda Nobunaga's quest to unify Japan, which was completed when Tokugawa Ieyasu took over ruling for his son.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-714934ec39b84b028f0d35ce7b71e1d1",
            "input": "Samuel Kline Cohn argues that the inefficiencies of a fiscally bureaucratic state and lingering effects of a previous famine were the impetus of this event. One chronicler of this event wrote about an attempt to pass constitutional reforms to the monarchy, called the Grand Ordinance. That bill was primarily backed by the head of the Third Estate, Etienne Marcel, who took over Paris with a peasant army that would eventually lose when besieging the fortress at Meaux. The leader of this event was tortured and murdered at a peace conference at Mello, which resulted in the now leaderless army being massacred in the subsequent battle. That leader was Guillaume Cale. For 10 points, name this popular revolt that was sparked by high taxes and the capture of King John II of France at the Battle of Poitiers, which has its name taken from its leader's nickname Jacques Bonhomme.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-068951f375b8445f890d33a9ca6c6176",
            "input": "The war named for this place was ended when Clazomenae and Cyprus were transferred to Persia through the Peace of Antalcidas, which was put forth by Artaxerxes II. A league named for this place was brought back into existence by Demetrius Poliorcetes, but it didn't have anything to do following the battle of Ipsus. This city joined the Achaean Confederation after being captured by Aratus in 243 BC, and was destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 to teach the Greeks a lesson. Its early rulers include Cypselus and Periander, though it is better known for the action it took against Megara which set off the Peloponnesian War. FTP, name this city on the isthmus joining the Peloponnesus and central Greece, whose citizens were the lucky recipients of a couple of epistles from Saint Paul.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5bdf99176504a02b86298d938720b14",
            "input": "One of his early works was a case study of the war bond loan appeal made by Kate Smith. His theories of deviance are summed up in a chart that plots Cultural goals against Institutionalised means, with rebellion defined as new goals and new means. One of his better known theories was built upon by Robert Agnew and regards the relationship between social structures and crime. He discussed the process by which the developers of a process or idea are forgotten, obliteration by incorporation, and in his most famous work contrasts \"middle range\" theories with grand theories. He also discussed positive feedback loops based on expectations, which this thinker called the self-fulfilling prophecy. For 10 points name this sociologist who also coined the term \"role mode,\" developed Strain Theory, and wrote Social Theory and Social Structure.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aae776f66320402eb36288fad43ecfde",
            "input": "This chemical physicist produced a theory of the change in specific heat with temperature, a method for X-ray diffraction analysis using powdered crystals, and the concept of permanent molecular dipole moments. He was also able to use his moments to show that water was bent and benzene was flat. In 1923 he and Huckel devised a theory of electrolytes that bear their names. FTP name this Dutch-American physicist after whom the unit of electric dipole moment is named.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fd1ad5a6b284f1198a6290b658317c8",
            "input": "One room in this structure is known as the Room of the Mocarabes, which refers to a complex array of vertically-oriented prisms resembling stalactites formed around the capitals of columns and inside arches. According to one tale associated with this structure, an entire family was confined as punishment for the lust of one of its members in the Hall of the Abencerrages in this structure. This structure is decoratively similar to one constructed around the same time approximately 250 kilometers away by Peter the Cruel, an ally of the man who commissioned this structure, Mohammed V Nasrid. Like that similar structure, the Alcazar of Seville, this structure features an irrigation system to water interior gardens and fountains, such as the one in the center of the Courtyard of the Lions. For ten points, what is this palace featured in a collection of Washington Irving stories and located in Grenada",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-871fb5b909c747bf94c77d5dc2435926",
            "input": "The origins of this event include the death of John Stone, a smuggler and privateer, and the later killing of merchant John Oldham. The latter death prompted Governor Henry Vane of the to send a force led by John Endecott to Block Island, where Endecott and his men attacked and burned a Niantic village to the ground. A winter siege of Fort Saybrook and raids on local towns by this conflict's namesake led the Connecticut Colony to raise a force consisting of 90 militia and 70 Mohegans. Masons force conducted the Mystic Massacre in, for 10 points, what 1636-1637 war in which Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies pretty much exterminated the namesake tribe",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c39be5db22e46668236f116b219d3db",
            "input": "He used transparent materials liberally for the \"Crystal Church\" in Garden Grove, CA, and for his neo-gothic design for the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company. His own home, designed as his senior thesis while at Harvard, is located in New Caanan, Connecticut. Including such practical innovations as a free-standing breakfast bar, and sporting a famous sprayed-concrete visitor's center, it is commonly known as \"the Glass House. \"  A frequent collaborator with John Burgee and co-founder of the \"International School\" of architecture, FTP, who designed the AT&T tower in New York and worked with Mies van der Rohe to create the Seagram's Tower",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0180a6289f74f899014e96ac1374294",
            "input": "The final section of this work notes that the cube root of 64 is not equal to half of 10, while in an earlier section, an anonymous acquaintance of the author pretends he is Epicurus giving a speech before the Athenian people. That section is entitled \"Of a particular Providence and of a future State,\" while the sixth section of this work discusses how people form predictions of future events, and is called \"Of Probability. \" The second section of this work distinguishses between \"impressions\" and \"ideas,\" while a later section distinguishes between \"relations of ideas\" and \"matters of fact,\" and yet another section is entitled \"Of Miracles. \" FTP, name this philosophical text based on its author's earlier Treatise of Human Nature, a 1748 work of David Hume.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5bf260c3678548899874fd0efb0fe64f",
            "input": "This artist produced a triptych with three bluish-purple women, Evolution, and strong sunshine is evoked in his Windmill in Sunlight. Elements of Cubism can be seen in his two versions of Still Life with Gingerpot and he presented his Luminist work St. Lucas Exhibition in Amsterdam. Neoplasticism was a key element of the artistic movement he helped develop and its principles can be seen in his Composition with Grey, Red, Yellow, and Black. For 10 points, who is this figurehead of the Dutch abstract-art movement, De Stijl, and creator of Broadway Boogie Woogie.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b372990b63241a88f06dc6dc06c0dfc",
            "input": "In one work, this thinker uses Odysseus's \"lament in Scylla\" as an example of \"character indecorous and inappropriate.\" In that work, this man wrote of the necessity of space-time unity and gave the term for a character's self-discovery, anagnorisis (an-uh-gnoh-REE-sis). He also defined peripeteia (pay-ree-puh-TAY-uh) as a turning point and hamartia (huh-MAR-tee-uh) as a character's flaw in ancient Greek tragedy, which he felt should produce a purging of emotion called catharsis. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote Poetics and Nichomachean Ethics, a student of Plato.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39173cd8375e43cca0e5ed47300a132e",
            "input": "This artist included scenes like The Death of Ananias and The Miraculous Draught of Fishes in a series\\n of cartoons meant to be the designs of tapestries for the Sistine Chapel. He depicted John the Baptist\\n holding a cross to Jesus in his Alba Madonna, and painted a nymph riding a shell pulled by dolphins in \\nTriumph of Galatea. Giulio Romano completed this artist's final work, a depiction of the transfiguration in\\n which Christ floats against eerie blue light. The Sala di Costantino and the Stanza della Segnatura are\\n among this artist's namesake rooms in the Palace of the Vatican, which include his depictions Zeno of\\n Citium, Plato, and Socrates. For 10 points, name this artist who created The School of Athens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2df51f21bc1b42f5a933383f4c096a5f",
            "input": "One character in this work is called Dorcas and dies in Joppa before being brought back to life. Another character in this work had lain daily at the gate of the temple called Beautiful but is told by one man, \"silver and gold have I none\" before being healed of his lifelong disability. In addition to Tabitha and an unnamed lame man, this work, dedicated to Theophilus, also contains one character who is called as an apostle in Greece with Timon and Parmenas, and later sees Jesus on the right hand of God while being stoned to death in Jerusalem. For 10 pointsname this work about the Christian church directly after the death and resurrection of Christ, the fifth book of the New Testament.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c7f353538e2344fbb6b89df8bb51967c",
            "input": "The City of London commissioned him to produce a large depiction of a great British military victory, and he also created a depiction of a British hero after his refusal to surrender to the French. In addition to The Defeat of the Floating Batteries at Gibraltar and The Death of Major Peirson, this man established his fame with a painting of his half-brother and his pet, Boy with a Squirrel. He was also one of the first Americans to use pastels, although his among his most famous works were oil depictions of a 1749 incident in Havana Harbor and numerous portraits of leading colonial citizens. For 10 points, name this American painter of Watson and the Shark and a portrait of, among others, Paul Revere.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-036fe8ee906a4ac2b35ff2e1a9d0765e",
            "input": "One scene in this novel finds the protagonist witnessing a fight at Massons place between a pimp and the brother of his Moorish whore. Among the people who live in the protagonists apartment building are an old man who often loses his dog and the aforementioned pimp, Raymond Sintes, who gets the protagonist to help him write a letter to lure his abused mistress back to him. It begins with the protagonists visit to The Home for Aged Persons in Marengo, an action which will play into his conviction of murdering an arab on the beach. For 10 points, name this Existentialist novel about the office worker Meursault, a work by Albert Camus.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9493b670f9e14ce2adcd48f2fa741659",
            "input": "The composer of this work used material from his abandoned opera The Voyevada for its Grand adage and Valse des fiancees, and he regretted writing it after listening to Leo Delibes's ballet, Sylvia. The title location of this work was formed by the tears of the female lead's parents after she was abducted, and is visited by the protagonist on a hunting trip with his best friend, Benno. That character, Prince (*) Siegfried, is later tricked by the bird-sorcerer Von Rothbart into mistakenly swearing his love for his daughter Odile. For ten points, name this ballet composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, in which Odette is turned into the title white bird.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a7373079b084a5e88344da629bc1b29",
            "input": "Once believed to be caused by a lack of inhibin, this disease causes individuals to have a very high risk of germ cell tumors, diabetes, and vascular disease. However, the same people are protected from recessive sex-linked syndromes by the presence of an extra Barr body. Symptoms include a lack of facial hair, a rounded body type, breast enlargement, and sterility, due to the acquisition of an extra sex chromosome during meiosis. FTP, name this syndrome exclusive to males that results in an XXY chromosome arrangement.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8d6dc13c0e724afb87e05871aba11299",
            "input": "The earliest discovered writings on these were in the Hittite language and were authored by Kikkuli of Mitanni, while Gryson, an expert on these, helped Xenophon to write two treatises on the subject. Tupac Amaru II and Francois Ravaillac were both executed using four of these, and one of these named Incitatus was legendarily appointed as a Roman senator by Caligula. The Avars brought an invention that eased their use to Europe, and huge masses of these were instrumental in saving the French army at Eylau. Many cities were named after of these owned by Alexander the Great, Bucephalus. For 10 points, name these animals used to transport hussars and knights.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89212e6c93ff48fab239decb5c0fb329",
            "input": "This author wrote one work about Italian immigrants Marco and Rodolpho, the latter of whom marries Catherine to avoid deportation. This author created Joe Keller, who knowingly sells faulty parts that kill twenty-one airmen. This man, who wrote of Eddie Carbone in A View from the (*) Bridge, also wrote All My Sons. Giles Corey's last words are \"\"more weight\"\" in a play by this man in which John Proctor is accused of witchcraft. For 10 points, name this American playwright who wrote The Crucible and created Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3b2050e64004da7be06fa616cb8949f",
            "input": "This ruler was supposedly punished by a deity with famine after suppressing a revolt in Subartu, and he had earlier dealt with an invasion led by four great Elamite generals. He began his reign following the defeat of a King of Umma, Lugulzaggesi, who had fought a war against Ur-Zababa. After taking Kish from Lugulzaggesi, he built his empire by extending trade from his capital city throughout to Susa and the Zagros mountains. He was succeeded by his sons Rimush and Manishtushu, and made his daughter Enheduanna the high priestess of Nanna. For 10 points, name this former sandal-bearer, a possible inspiration for the biblical Nimrod, a great king of Akkad.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37f709ff424a42d997b620d493d3c8a3",
            "input": "While a member of Parliament, he composed 'Bermuda' in honor of colonial power. He also composed a 'Horatian Ode' in honor of Oliver Cromwell. A metaphysical poet, he is best remembered for 'The Garden' and for 'To His Coy Mistress. '  FTP, name him.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd38c46e0e0b4201a6c9b6aa5217bd27",
            "input": "The Master of the Perfect World teaches the lute and zither to Han Fook in this mans short story The Poet. One of this author's characters is sentenced to eternal life after stabbing Hermine in a house of mirrors known as the Magic Theater. One of his protagonists studies at Escholz and Waldzel before becoming a master in the Order of Castalia and earning the title Magister Ludi. Another of this author's creations leaves home with Govinda, learns the ways of love from Kamala, and meets the ferryman Vasudeva in a quest for enlightenment. For 10 points, name this German-Swiss creator of Harry Haller, Joseph Knecht and a title Buddha figure, the author of Steppenwolf, The Glass Bead Game, and Siddhartha.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de32b3a74a4e4b1cbd0e46bf12d7cc13",
            "input": "This God was once trapped in a cedar tree, which was used by the King of Byblos to entrap him at his palace. After being locked in a coffin by his brother, this God was chopped into 14 pieces before all but one of those pieces were collected by this God's wife and Nepthys. Often depicted wearing at Atef crown and carrying a crook and flail, his God was the oldest son of Geb and Nut and brother of Set.. For 10 points, identify this husband of Isis and the father of Horus, the Egyptian god of the dead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13765a456a9540b48ee0cc1094db046c",
            "input": "For a dilute gas, this quantity is proportional to the square root of the product of mass and temperature, divided by collision diameter squared times the collision integral. This quantity scales from a reference temperature, for an ideal gas, as the square root of temperature. Those results are the Chapman-Enskog equation and Sutherland's formula. This quantity varies over time in thixotropic materials and with applied shear in shear-thinning materials. This quantity, the ratio of shear stress to shear velocity, is zero for Newtonian fluids, and superfluidity occurs when this quantity is zero. For 10 points, name this property of fluids, which measures resistance to flow",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0aa7a1a8ec22449bb9d88e93e1af17ec",
            "input": "major geological feature in this state is the Dripping Springs Escarpment, which forms the boundary of the Pennyroyal Plateau along with Muldraugh Hill. This state also contains a notable region of \"knobs\" formed by the Big Clifty Sandstone. The defining feature of its most famous region arises from the unique soil of the Eden Shale Hills. The Sheltowee Trace passes through its Red River gorge while the Jackson Purchase area of its East includes a cross-river exclave. This state contains two geologically distinct coal basins. Also containing (*) Daniel Boone National Forest is, for 10 points, which state containing the cities of Louisville and Lexington, a state known for its bluegrass",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d47a101f2dd449fa2ee76669ceaa5d9",
            "input": "In one of his stories, Louis Berry and Herman Basket discuss a search for a runaway slave who they plan to bury alive with Chief Issetibbeha. In addition to Red Leaves,\" he wrote about a dispute over a soiled rug that leads Sarty to thwart his fathers plan to destroy property of Major de Spain. In another work, Carothers rapes Thomasina and the wild dog Lion helps Boon Hogganbeck and Ike McCaslin track down Old Ben. For 10 points, name this author of Barn-Burning and The Bear, who also wrote about the Compsons in The Sound and the Fury.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3956a0d2edd54c79adcc92823717cec5",
            "input": "One device comprised of \"sun\" and \"planetary\" gears multiplies this quantity, which is responsible for gyroscopic precession. Despite having the same units as energy, this quantity is equal to energy divided by the angle of displacement. This quantity is sometimes expressed as (*) moment of inertia times angular acceleration, since it is also the time derivative of angular momentum. More commonly, the right-hand rule is applied when determining this quantity because it is the cross product of radius and force. When this net quantity equals zero, an object does not rotate. For ten points, identify this rotational analogue of force.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fdfe80bb664d4c64b795d2bebb78df59",
            "input": "One work set in this country ends when the dog Aesop is shot by his owner Thomas Glahn, while the title character of a trilogy about this country assists in the murder of Eline to marry a knight in the first part entitled The Wreath. In another work from this country The People's Herald withdraws its support for Dr. Stockmann's claim that the bathes are contaminating the local water, and in another work Nils Krogstad's blackmail leads to Nora leaving her husband Torvald Helmer. For 10 points, An Enemy of the People and A Doll's House are set in this country, the home of Knut Hamsun, Sigrid Undset, and Henrik Ibsen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95cca044a1704e60822298644b7a26cf",
            "input": "This painter depicted a mustachioed man behind two white-clad women holding closed-up umbrellas in one work, and the green shoes of a trapeze artist in the upper-left in another. In one of his works, a reclining nude accepts a bunch of flowers from a black servant, while three figures lounge near a blue tablecloth and some food while a nude woman bathes herself in a creek in the background in another. For 10 points, name this painter of The Balcony, A Bar at the Foiles-Bergeres, Olympia, and Luncheon on the Grass.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb8d1c31b6f54b2785cb169dab82095e",
            "input": "His only attempt at drama was a collaboration on the play Three Hours After Marriage, and his prose works include a comic version of Longinus's treatise on the sublime entitled Peri Bathous, or the Art of Sinking in Poetry. He completed the fourth book of his projected \"Opus Magnum\" with the four moral epistles, and his other poems include Windsor Forest, Eloisa to Abelard, and the Epistle to Doctor Arbuthnot. FTP, name this English author of The Dunciad and The Rape of the Lock.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79bccea3169345c1b69d11eb46634b22",
            "input": "This country began one conflict with a northern neighbor by advancing to Dhola, and it lost one of the largest tank battles in history at Chawinda. This state recaptured land in the Kargil War in a case prominently cited as disproving the Democratic Peace Theory. One war in this country began with the Treaty of Surbat, while another ended only with the intervention of the Holkars. Another series of conflicts in this nation began with the intrigues of Joseph Duplieux and ended with a decisive defeat for one side at the Battle of Wandiwash. Conflicts here have included the Carnatic wars, Mysore wars, and Maratha wars. For 10 points, identify this country which saw a victory for Robert Clive at the Battle of Plassey, as well as three battles of Panipat.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-798f387e5ddc45c8b2994dadbe6b301f",
            "input": "battle fought at the capital of this former polity resulted in the deaths of both Gordians, ending their rebellion against Maximinus Thrax, and long after the fall of this polity, its capital was razed by forces under Hasan ibn al'Numan, who besieged a force here under John the Patrician and Tiberius Apsimarus. This polity featured a military tribunal known as the One Hundred and Four, and an earlier siege of its capital saw the capture of its citadel, the (*) Byrsa, and a final stand at the temple of Eshmoun. Its forces were defeated at the Battle of Himera by Gelon, and it was victorious at the Battle of The Saw to fight off a revolt under Spendius and Mathos in the Truceless War, also known as the Mercenary War. A kingdom that shared its capital fell after the battles of Ad Decimum and Tricamarum, leading to the deposition of Gelimer the Vandal. Mago and Hanno the Navigator were subjects of, for 10 points, this empire, which had victories at Lake Trasimene and Cannae while fighting the Second Punic War against Rome.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a83f649064ad47b4a80beaee222c595f",
            "input": "An astronomical device called a torquetum (tor-KAY-tum) is depicted near the top-right of this painting, while a crucifix half-hidden behind a curtain can be seen in the top-left corner. A globe is placed next to one of the title figures, who wears a large fur-trimmed coat and stands on an Oriental carpet. This painting depicts (*) Georges de Selve and Jean de Denteville, as well as an example of anamorphosis (aa-nah-more-FO-sis). For 10 points, name this painting with a notable distorted skull, painted by Hans Holbein the Younger.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-706324a1239c4a2daa46f5eaff107108",
            "input": "This man had a brother named Johann Michael, who was also a notable composer. This composer's two oratorios are called The Seasons and The Creation. This composer's string quartets are compiled into groups such as \"Erdody\" and \"Sun,\" and because he wrote many of them, he is often called the \"Father of String Quartets.\"  This composer wrote over 100 symphonies, including ones nicknamed \"Clock,\" \"Surprise,\" and \"Farewell.\"  For 10 points, name this Austrian composer often called the \"Father of the Symphony.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-97b954dce4994884aba4f09efe9659af",
            "input": "In 1921, its functional significance was determined. Otto Loewi took fluid from a frog's heart, whose contractions had been slowed, and let it perfuse a second, unstimulated heart, slowing its beating as well. Mimicked by nicotine, this neurotransmitter plays a major role in memory as well as muscle control. FTP, name this primary neurotransmitter between neurons and muscles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c275d7989d0458a8e160063563b6072",
            "input": "Mary Ashburton jilts Paul Flemming in this author's novel Hyperion, and the protagonist of one of his works discovers corn growing out of Mondamin's grave. Another of his works is set during the expulsion of the Acadians, and describes the title character's search for Gabriel(*) Lajeunesse [lah-zhou-ness]. In another work by this poet, the title character, a child of Wenonah and the West Wind, lives with Minnehaha near Gitche Gumee. For 10 points, name this Fireside Poet who wrote Evangeline and The Song of Hiawatha.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54d68ed2bc2d4f6b878edb68365ecc62",
            "input": "Victims are special types of these that store entries that were removed from the general type of them. Ones with a no-write allocation policy do not need to worry about the decision to write-through or write-back. Misses in them include compulsory misses, which generally must occur on the first request, as well as conflict misses that result from an entry once in them having been evicted. In cases where data can be placed in exactly one place in them they are known as direct mapped, while the set associative type provides a compromise in locations between direct mapping and fully associative. FTP, identify this term which names a type of memory faster than the RAM accessed by the CPU, as well as for data your web browser stores locally on your hard drive.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46248921b9d74c179121e64175222b03",
            "input": "The protagonist of one of this man's works finds several identical pictures of a colonel and attempts to find the title character, who murdered his lover Dany. This author of The Killer wrote about two elderly characters who jump out of a window near the end of his play The Chairs. Daisy leaves Berenger to join the title (*) animals in another play by this author, who also wrote a play about an odd dinner between the Smiths and Martins. For 10 points, name this Romanian-born author of Rhinoceros and The Bald Soprano.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e619e3157d2640d0a75fdc3c78eb958a",
            "input": "He called sociology the science of social action and in his studies he formulated a construct for historical-comparative study known as the \"ideal type. \" He also introduced a six-part bureaucratic model now known as his namesake bureaucracy. The high point of his early scholarly career was the famous Freiburg Address, in which he set forth a devastating indictment of the ruling Junker aristocracy. However, his best known work was a statement of how Calvinist predestination was linked to society's rapid accumulation of capital. FTP, name this sociologist who thus explained the theory of his magnum opus, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d35f5b6e6f0e46f8970ce267a3e6af53",
            "input": "In this city, attempts to catch a serial killer resulted in the distribution of special \"check cards\" to citizens matching a description, which could be used to avoid a second police stop. This city's former mayor Art Agnos was wounded during an gun attack by a group of men who first used a machete to kill Quita Hague. Manuel Moore, Jesse Lee Cooks, Larry Green, and J.C.X. Simon were convicted of serial killings in this city, where the police dedicated radio channel (*) Z to the case of fourteen killings that occurred along Divisadero Street between October 1973 and April 1974 and were racially charged attacks by black gunmen on random white victims. For 10 points, name this city where the Zebra Murders took place five years before the White Night Riots protested the light sentence given to Dan White for killing George Moscone and Harvey Milk.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29eff17fa3c843389c35db4249855e88",
            "input": "One genre of plays from this country is kygen, which are comedic plays given between performances of a serious style of drama with stylized masks. That genre is called Noh. One important work in this nation's literary tradition is the The Tale of Genji. More modern authors from this country include Yukio Mishima and Haruki Murakami. For 10 points, name this country whose Tale of the Heike features its samurai warriors.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34aaca864455427b8dbe1d28f5f53521",
            "input": "Molecules with this coordination number include the intermediate in the counterpart of the Eigen-Wilkins mechanism and the product of the rate-determining step of the SN1cb mechanism. Tren ligands enforce one geometry of this coordination number, which is exemplified by a complex consisting of a metal atom bonded to a scorpionate ligand and dppe. The failure of fluorine-19 NMR to distinguish between (*) axial and equatorial substituents in complexes with this coordination number led to the discovery that they can isomerize through Berry pseudorotation. Associative substitution reactions that go through intermediates of this coordination number experience the trans effect. Intermediates of this coordination number occur in dissociative substitution reactions of octahedral complexes. For 10 points, name this coordination number of square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal complexes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-300156851fd747d4b7a62b1857ff345a",
            "input": "This man was supposedly fought against by a woman who killed using only roasted spits and stones; that woman was Zarcamodonia. Alessandro de Mecici oversaw the negotiations between this man and another that resulted in the Peace of Vervins. This king's troops, led by Fadrique Alvarez de Toledo, stormed Mechelen. This man's forces retook the Alpujarras region after the Battle of Galera. This man's attempts to force people to abandon their style of clothing led to the second revolt of the Moriscos. While serving this king, the Spanish Fury was carried out on the orders of the Duke of Alba. Two years after winning at San Quentin, this king signed the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis with Henry II of France. For 10 points, name this Spanish king who was married to Mary I.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5cb5257046e49ebba604c5e6f943a0e",
            "input": "Lawrence Kohlberg championed the \"descriptive\" variety of this study by examining the stages of child development. Simone de Beauvoir argued for \"an original solution\" in a book titled this of Ambiguity. Peter Singer wrote about the \"Practical\" form of it, and Aristotle claimed the ultimate goal in life is to achieve (*) happiness in a work titled after this concept. Another important book for this discipline contained sections titled \"Of God\" and \"Of Human Bondage\", and was \"demonstrated in geometrical order.\" For ten points, identify this branch of philosophy, a tract in which was written for Nicomachus and which titles a work by Spinoza.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8a95c4920a44fd4b4faeab0c8ea2870",
            "input": "This painter showed a woman standing at a file cabinet and a man sitting at his desk in front of a   banker's lamp in his Office at Night. A similar picture, which gives a view that is in one large window  and out another one as a single worker looks outside, is Office in a Small City. One of his works   shows a woman with a hat and green coat drinking alone, while another shows two women, one in  green and one in purple, facing each other at a Chinese restaurant. Another work appears to be set  at a triangular bar with a server dressed in white and three customers. Name this American artist of  Automat, Chop Suey, and Nighthawks.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2adab3e2640d4bfbbdeb04efd2f55b66",
            "input": "He was removed from his post as rector of the University of Salamanca when he opposed the government of Primo de Rivera, and was exiled to the Canary Islands. Then he was restored, but after expressing anti-Franco sentiment, he was placed under house arrest and died two months later. The death of his son early in life also plagued him, causing him to question the existence of God. Identify this Spanish author and philosopher, the leading member of the Generacion del 98 whose works, FTP, include Vida de Don Quijote y Sancho  and Niebla.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb81d48f174b485db741cd53afe32a77",
            "input": "In mathematics its use with algorithms results in the Kolmogorov complexity, dealing with a finite sequence of bits. In one definition it is the product of Boltzmann's constant and the natural logarithm of the multiplicity, and another relationship defines temperature as one over the derivative of this quantity with respect to internal energy. Its value at absolute zero is zero according to the third law of thermodynamics, and the Clausius inequality states that its change is always greater than or equal to zero. In addition, the second law of thermodynamics states that it tends to increase. FTP, identify this thermodynamic state function that can be interpreted as the measure of disorder in a system.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04bde36c66a64273a868e043064900af",
            "input": "This man described imagination as \"nothing but decaying sense\" while passions are \"interior beginnings of voluntary notions\" in a work that claimed covenants formed with God are meaningless. This man's best known work expands on concepts first proposed in his On the Citizen, and uses his ideas of imagination, or the \"decaying sense,\" to analyze human motivation. This thinker described the (*) \"Kingdom of Darkness\" as a \"Confederacy of Deceivers\" and described chaos as the war of all against all. He also claimed that life in the state of nature is\"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.\" For ten points, name this English social contract theorist and author of Leviathan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5904e4d1d6ff41f991f65e98e142ca3a",
            "input": "In this confict, an American from Massachusetts named Frederick Ward led an ambitiously named group of people called The Everlasting Army. A conflict that partially overlapped with this one was the Nien Rebellion, while important locations in this conflict include the Dadu River and Thistle Mountain. One member of this conflict, Hong Xiuquan, claimed to be Jesus Christ's younger brother, and this conflict was put down by Zeng Guofan, and eventually ended in Nanking. For 10 points, identify this mid 19th century uprising put down by Charles Gordon, an uprising that occurred in China.   \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-094ec6ef47de42b7b4d7db221a19a726",
            "input": "Kierkegaard got one of the titles from his books after seeing a copy of this man's painting The stages of life. His nocturnal interests led to a series that included Moonrise over the sea and Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon. However, it was two of his early paintings, Abbey in the Oak Wood and Monk by the sea, that he felt summed up his message. That message was the essence of the school that he led with Philipp Otto Runge. FTP, name this artist of Wanderer above the Sea of Fog and The Cross in the Mountains, the leading German Romantic painter.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e004495f18d47caa5b4864d0d29a19d",
            "input": "A work by this artist in the Siena Cathedral shows the presentation of the severed head of John the Baptist to Salome in The Feast of Herod. Another work by this artist, which is in the Piazza del Santo in Padua, is an equestrian sculpture depicting Erasmo da Narni, who was also known as the \"Honeyed Cat\" or \"Gattamelata.\" Another sculpture by this artist shows its title figure leaning on a sword while standing nude over the head of Goliath. For 10 points, name this sculptor who created a bronze statue of David.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7bc519d4b22d4227b56e7ccad192723e",
            "input": "This composer parodied Richard Wagner's \"\"Tristan chord\"\" in a ragtime-inspired movement of a piece meant to evoke childhood. He used a flute solo to open a piece inspired by the frolicking of a Stephen Mallarme (MAH-lar-may) title character. This composer of the Children's Corner also wrote the opera (*) Pelleas and Melisande and a work that depicts the \"\"play of the waves. \"\" For 10 points, name French impressionist composer who wrote La Mer and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29e221536b8140f2ba539e82d8b78428",
            "input": "Nina Baym wrote about this author \"as feminist\" in her essay \"Thwarted Nature.\" In a letter to his publisher, this author complained about being outsold by a \"damned mob of scribbling women.\" One of this author's characters peers into a mysterious diorama exhibited by an old German Jew before burning himself to death in a lime-kiln. This author wrote a short story in which Polly Gookin is wooed by a scarecrow brought to life by Old Mother Rigby, as well as a story about a man who becomes \"the outcast of the universe\" after banishing himself from his wife's house for twenty years. Another of his stories is named for a man who journeys to find the Unpardonable Sin and finds it in his heart. Herman Melville wrote a laudatory review of this author \"and his mosses.\" For 10 points, name this American author of \"Feathertop,\" \"Wakefield,\" and \"Ethan Brand,\" who published many of his short stories in his collection Twice-Told Tales.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28a1e6aee47646efae44ee1682cc6696",
            "input": "Members of this country's Union of the Plant drink hoasca tea to induce psychedelic hallucinations. One of this country's festivals includes the Washing of Bonfim, and in another festival, many people faint while holding a rope connected to an image of Our Lady of Nazareth. This country contains the world's largest following of Kardecist Spiritism, due in large part to the popularity of psychographic author Chico Xavier. In 1995, a televangelist kicked an icon of this country's patron saint during a live broadcast on that saint's feast day. This country, whose patron saint is Our Lady of Aparecida, is home to a religion whose adherents worship ancestral spirits called Baba Egum and attend terreiro to perform dancing ceremonies honoring orixas. This country's Yoruba-based religions include Umbanda and Candomble. For 10 points, name this country that is home to a giant statue of Christ the Redeemer near Rio de Janeiro.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11e3370c771844359a89ab8412ab1f77",
            "input": "This procedure was first published with Claparede in 1881 in two forms, the second for a hydroxyl-substituted benzene. As performed today, it usually requires an initial acylation but, even with this, the relevant methanoate derivatives are notably unable to carry out the self- form of this reaction. One of the reactants contains a hydrogen alpha to a carbonyl; a deprotonation occurs at this site in the first step and the resulting conjugated system attacks the other reactant, an ester. It requires a strong base catalysis, so the relevant alkoxide is often added to the system. FTP, name this reaction of two esters to yield a beta-keto ester; a condensation named for a German chemist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e312de31aa5458c8cdbe10691929c0d",
            "input": "Information about this dynasty comes from Sima Qian's Shiji, while the classical novel Fengshen Yanyi chronicles its war with another dynasty. Some scholars have theorized that this dynasty moved its capital six times until finally settling in modern day Anyang where its golden age began. After P'an-k'ang ruled, this dynasty acquired the alternate name Yin. A mainstay of the dynasty's economy was the production of bronze materials and weapons for ceremonial purposes, war, and divination, and the earliest form of writing was developed in this period. For 10 points, name this first true Chinese dynasty which ruled between 1600 B.C.E and 1046 B.C.E, following the mythical Xia and preceding the Zhou.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dff98849cdbd47bab8dbaadc65030a80",
            "input": "He aided his friend, architect Josef Hoffmann, by painting a series of mosaic murals in the Palais Stoclet, a Brussels mansion designed by Hoffmann. His best known works are later portraits like Judith I and Frau Fritsa Reidler, which were better received than early murals like the set Philosophy, Medicine, and Jurisprudence. As founder of the Sezessionstil [se-zess-one-schteel], he directed the art nouveau movement in his country. FTP, name this leader of the Vienna Secession movement, the Austrian painter of The Kiss.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af89f720171642e89fca59a44aa9108f",
            "input": "This philosopher's sympathetic review of Gottlob Schulze's polemic Aenesidemus introduced his concept of the \"fact/act,\" or Tathandlung, which he defined in a later work as \"the I posits itself absolutely. \" In his essay \"On the Basis of Our Belief in a Divine Governance of the World,\" he argued that God has no existence apart from the morality of the world, which caused him to be accused of atheism. He responded to those accusations in The Vocation of Man, and gave a series of Addresses to the German Nation in 1808 before returning to the University of Jena. For 10 points, name this German idealist philosopher, a follower of Kant who developed a transcendental philosophical system called Wissenschaftslehre in Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec4a09eb156b40b7ae346266d2229872",
            "input": "This instrument plays a long solo over a timpani roll at the beginning of Sibelius' Symphony No. 1. This instrument evolved from the older chalmeau, a word that also names this instrument's lower register. Multiple concertos for two soloists playing this instrument were composed by Franz Krommer, while virtuosos of this instrument include Julian Bliss and Sabine Meyer. Mozart's concerto in A minor for this instrument was written for Anton Stadler, while Stravinsky wrote the Ebony Concerto for Woody Herman. A glissando for this instrument opens Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue and it represents the cat in Peter and the Wolf. For 10 points, identify this single-reed woodwind performed by Benny Goodman.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-259dda47a4354f4ab62ffedd7b6d0a41",
            "input": "This artist depicted a journalist exiled to New Caledonia in Escape of Rochefort. He once cut a painting that was criticized for faulty perspective into two pieces; the larger piece became The Dead Toreador. This artist depicted his wife Suzanne reading a book in his painting On the Beach. Taught by Thomas Couture, this man depicted his future sister-in-law, painter of Chasing Butterflies, sitting in the foreground of his painting The Balcony. A trapeze artist appears in the top left corner of one painting that includes a large mirror located behind a waitress. Another work by this artist includes two men and two women, one of whom is naked and modeled on Victorine Meurent, enjoying a picnic. For 10 points, name this French painter of A Bar at the Folies-Bergere and Luncheon on the Grass.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3139f1bbc3e469787c968438e23341a",
            "input": "This novel's yam-eating narrator descends into an altered sense of time when listening to Louis Armstrong. Repeatedly alluding to \"Yes 'em to death\", its narrator is told he is Mr. Norton's fate and dreams he is castrated by the one-eyed Jack. A mock rebirth scene occurs after Brockway triggers an explosion at Liberty Paints. In this novel, Sambo dolls are sold by a character who \"plunges outside history\", Tod Clifton. Its narrator mingles at the Chthonian with the Brotherhood, and stabs Ras the Exhorter during an apocalyptic race riot before descending underground to leech off of Monopolated Light and Power. For 10 points, name this novel by Ralph Ellison.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-83a9760c81a44b499fe7159498d6e673",
            "input": "This figure consoled a friend by calling him one of the Three Ungrasping Chieftains before inviting that friend to visit his domain. He became transfixed by an object attached to four endless chains hanging from the sky; the spell of that golden bowl was broken only after his companion captured the wife of Llwyd son of Cil Coed in the form of a mouse. Some enchanted horses and dogs were used to cheat this figure out of some swine, after which he was killed in single combat by Gwydion. He was discovered on the night that a mare colted and was raised by Teyrnon Twryf Liant. This figure married Cigfa and traveled as a companion of Manawydan. He is the only figure to appear in all four branches of the Mabinogion, and six women tasked with watching him on the day of his birth fell asleep on the job and used puppy blood and bones to concoct a story that his mother ate him. For 10 points, name this Welsh hero, the son of Pwyll and Rhiannon.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f578f3aed82a437ea4622b051ba1a43a",
            "input": "Minor characters in this novel include a clergyman who says that the protagonists future love murdered his wife in the sight of God, the heroines brother, who enjoys playing tennis at the family estate of Windy Corner, and a female novelist who steals the heroines Baedeker guidebook and writes about her secret romance. This romance occurs after a drive to Fiesole, when the heroine falls into a field of violets and is kissed by the man who had earlier exchanged rooms with her at the pensione Bertolini, the same man whose arms she fell into after witnessing a murder in a piazza. For ten points, name this 1908 novel in which George Emerson replaces Cecil Vyse in Lucy Honeychurchs hearta work by E.M. Forster.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0858e0a5f9a54f628b0c42435635b68d",
            "input": "This poet wrote \"We can make our lives sublime, / And, departing, leave behind us / Footprints on the sands of time\". He wrote about seeing the \"face of one long dead\" in a poem about the death of his wife titled \"Cross of Snow\". The speaker asserts, \"Let us, then, be up and doing / With a heart for fate\" in a poem that begins \"Tell me not in mournful numbers, / Life is but an empty dream! \" This author of \"The Psalm of Life\" wrote a poem about a man who stands \"under a spreading chestnut tree\", while another poem concerns an Arcadian woman who loves Gabriel Lajeunesse and begins with the line \"This is the forest primeval\". For 10 points, name this poet who wrote Evangeline and \"Paul Revere's Ride\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0de68e15e3d14eafbf727f35f8decf29",
            "input": "This man merged his forces and the government of Peter II by signing the Treaty of Vis, and he was excommunicated by the Pope after imprisoning Aloysius Stepinac for aiding the Ustashi movement. This man triggered the Informbiro Period by supporting the Communist movement in Greece, and his forces slaughtered the rival Chetnicks during the Bleiburg Massacre. His split with Stalin led him to help establish the Non-Aligned Movement, and he led the Partisans during World War II. For 10 points, name this communist leader who ruled Yugoslavia until his death in 1980.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f34d1fda168473886bccdc1131247a1",
            "input": "In one story about this figure, he forgives a man who murdered a woman because she wanted to have sex; he also converts Charisius and Mygdonia before being put to death by Misdaeus. According to tradition, he received the girdle of the Virgin Mary after she was assumed bodily into Heaven, and he is credited with authorship of the \"Hymn of the Pearl. \" His namesake Gospel describes Jesus killing a playmate for having bumped into Jesus's shoulder, while in John 14:5 he asks Jesus, \"How can we know the way\" at the Last Supper. Also called Didymus, meaning \"Twin,\" and famous for spreading Christianity to India, this is, FTP, what apostle who asked to touch Jesus's wounds after the resurrection, leading to the epithet \"Doubting\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5ca5ac5e09245a49f1abe5ca5aa6d6f",
            "input": "Their longstanding debate over whether or not to have bishops was elucidated in the 2005 document What Sort of Bishops In their Twenty-Five Articles, ministers are allowed to marry, and the independence of the United States is recognized. Their founder adapted his \"Covenant Prayer\" that begins \"I am no longer my own, but thine. \" This denomination disregarded the idea of predestination, arguing that salvation is achieved by doing good works and helping all others achieve salvation, and one of their founders was Francis Asbury. FTP, name this sect of Christianity that practices only the sacraments of baptism and communion and began with the preaching of Charles and John Wesley.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-86fa7cb7e9764677b1376a274a0c51f4",
            "input": "His essay in literary theory, Remember the Heroic Dead, defends his hetrodox claim that historys two most evocative poets were Rilke and Oscar Wilde. At age 20 he published the one-act play which he called a tragicomic ecstasy, Madame de Sade, which won the Kishida Prize. Better-known works include several gay confessional novels such as Decay of Angels, the final volume of his Sea of Fertility cycle. More notably, he and his lover Shinji Morita, with some student activists, broke into the High Commandants Tokyo office, briefly held him hostage, and called for news reporters in order to commit seppuku on national TV. FTP, identify this author of The Temple of the Golden Pavilion most famed for his first novel, Confessions of a Mask.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c47569eda2e842d599fbeb19ca0f7bad",
            "input": "A flag in this painting is yellow with a black stripe down the middle and it is held by slightly illuminated man in a top hat. At the far right a bearded man holds a drum and under him a mangy animal cowers. One of the most illuminated figure in this painting is a young girl holding a chicken, although the foreground is occupied by the leaders of the title group, mostof whom hold weapons. For 10 points, name this Rembrandt painting of the company of Frans Banning Cocq.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9874a776b83a478c822b6ac38714bd8f",
            "input": "The adultery on both parts of the married couple Edward and Charlotte with Ottilie and the Captain, respectively, forms the basis of this authors novel Elective Affinities. He wrote about the title lord of Gaure's arrest by Alva in one drama, while he also wrote a novel about a character who refuses to study business and instead works with Marianne and Mignon in the theater, as well as another about Lotte spurning the love of the title character, resulting in his suicide. In addition to Egmont, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, and The Sorrows of Young Werther, this author also wrote a two-part poetic drama about the death of the title character attempting to save Gretchen after making a wager with Mephistopheles. FTP, name this German author of Faust.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca821794e0b14cbfb642d99b4f32ad9a",
            "input": "In one work by this author, the title character goes to Onitsha with a wooden box made by the carpenter James Okeke, while he wrote a poem which contains the lines, \"yesterday they picked the eyes of a swollen corpse in a water-logged trench and ate the things in its bowel\". This author of Chike and the River and Vultures wrote one novel in which Ezeulu is the chief priest of Ulu who feuds with the people of Okperi and T. K. Winterbottom before his village converts to Christianity, and one novel about Sam, a military officer trained at Sandhurst, who becomes the leader of the nation of Kangan, before he and Comissioner for Information Chris Oriko are killed. For 10 pointsname this author of Arrow of God and Anthills of the Savannah, who also wrote about the murder of Ikemefuna by the father of Nwoye, Okonkwo, in his novel Things Fall Apart.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be5fbe6f42d94e959fb694ae288e7e64",
            "input": "This figure once masqueraded as Bolverk to gain access to a substance made after the murder of Kvasir (kuh-VAH-sear). One of this deity's sons will avenge his death at Ragnarok using a shoe. This possessor of the spear Gungnir rides an eight-legged horse who is the child of Loki. This god is attended to by Huginn and Muninn. The tribute that this god paid to be able to drink from Mimir's well means that he has only one eye. For 10 points, name this husband of Frigg, the chief god of the Norse pantheon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-42bc8ff800014975bf42026cb86ca2d2",
            "input": "A reaction named after Henry Stephens uses nitriles, hydrochloric acid, and tin (II) [tin-two] chloride to form these organic compounds, and after hydrolysis, the Zincke variety can be formed when pyridinium salts with secondary amines. The Corey-Fuchs reaction converts them to alkynes, while the Cannizzaro reaction forms an alcohol and an acid salt using a particular kind of this compound, particularly one lacking the alpha hydrogen. Generally produced by the oxidation of a primary alcohol, it can be tested for using Tollens reagent as it will oxidize to become a carboxylic acid. FTP, name this organic compound with a functional group which consists of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydrogen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91dd0954afdc4e9e89fc35ce578febe7",
            "input": "Organisms cited in the 1972 paper that put forth this theory include the families related to P. Bermundensis and Gryphaea. Its proponents argued that the high table suppressed this theory from receiving deserved consideration. Opposing the phyletic form of another idea, it explains the lack of transitional forms in the fossil record and supplants Darwinian gradualism. For 10 points, name this proposed method of evolution first put forth by Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould that argues that organisms undergo most of their evolutionary shifts in relatively short periods of time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-785eb05c44fc4faebb49d848db8ad1e9",
            "input": "is a potent toxin because one of its metabolites blocks an important enzyme in this pathway. One of its intermediates is a precursor for both aminolevulinate and eventually porphyrins. The molecules consumed in this pathway are replenished by anaplerotic reactions. This process results in the reduction of one molecule of ubiquinone via an (*) FADH2 intermediary, and its only membrane-bound step is the conversion of succinate to fumarate. This process occurs within the mitochondrial matrix, and is followed by oxidative phosphorylation. For 10 points, name this pathway which contributes to the electron transport chain, an aerobic process central to cellular respiration.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81970d4d9f564e00b414c15853159cf4",
            "input": "This thinker introduced a concept that Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari claimed identifies the schizophrenic producer's typical mode of production. That concept, which was pioneered by this thinker, was extended by Derrida to encompass all borrowing of concepts text of \"a heritage which is more or less coherent or ruined.\" Another work by this think traced the evolution of a single myth from South America to the Arctic. The aforementioned central concept of this thinker is contrasted with the work of the (*) \"engineer,\" who exemplifies the scientific way of thought. For 10 points, name this creator of the concept of \"bricolage,\" a structuralist anthropologist who wrote Elementary Structures of Kinship and The Savage Mind.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1756b281828d47a286c39882957544b6",
            "input": "This author wrote a story in which the title character, \"the oldest Old Thing in England,\" meets the children Dan and Una. That book titled Puck of Pook's Hill was preceded by a short story in which Daniel Dravot and Peachy Carnihan take over the throne of Kafiristan. This author famously explained \"How the Camel got his Hump\" and  \"How the Leopard Got His Spots\" in his Just So Stories, and he was called \"The Prophet of British Imperialism\" by George Orwell after writing such poems as the \"The White Man's Burden\" and \"If.\" For 10 points, name this author who wrote about the adventures of Mowgli in The Jungle Book.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5fadb51a3a94c04bd7f3caf24e12d4d",
            "input": "One of this man's compositions inspired by the Bible was entitled In the Beginning. One ballet by this man includes the killing of the title outlaw by Pat Garrett; that work is Billy the Kid. \"Camptown Races\" was included along with snippets of the Gettysburg Address in this man's A Lincoln Portrait and another of his works is a ballet that includes \"Saturday Night Waltz\" and \"Hoe-Down.\" The composer of Fanfare for the Common Man, for 10 points, name this composer of Rodeo who included \"Simple Gifts\" in his ballet choreographed by Martha Graham, Appalachian Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb9c43d2de624cd189e2a64c0646f755",
            "input": "His efforts in opera were almost completely unsuccessful, chiefly due to the asinine libretti such as those used for Alfonso and Estrella, The Twin Brothers, and Fierribras. The inventor of the form \"Moments Musicaux\", his chamber works include the Grand Duo Piano Sonata in C Major, a series of Impromptus, and Fantasy in F Major, but he is better knwon for works in another genre that include \"Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel\", \"Hark, Hark, The Lark\", and \"The Doppelganger\". FTP name this composer, one of whose lieder, \"Die Forelle', formed the basis for the Piano Quintet in A Major named for it, The Trout.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0a6c6919f014e11853306076a671218",
            "input": "Its Mukai variety is useful in defining abelian varieties, and the essentially identical Plancherel theorem and Parsevals theorem show that it is unitary and applying one of these to a Dirac comb will result in another Dirac comb. It is integral to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, and both Bluestein's algorithm and Rader's algorithm compute a form of it by transforming it into a convolution, while runtime big-O of n log n for one variety of them is achieved by recursively breaking it down into smaller ones, a technique known as the Cooley-Tukey algorithm. Commonly used in signal and image processing, FTP, name this mathematical operation that breaks a function down into a spectrum of its component sinusoidal frequencies.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49aceb568875403e8d4b8771567652fb",
            "input": "After a battle in this country, Jacob Smith ordered the execution of all those older than ten, and the Macabebe Scouts here were led by General Frederick Funston. A revolution here was led by Cardinal Jaime Sin and culminated in the successful \"snap elections.\" The grandfather of this country's current leader was assassinated in 1983 by his military escort at the airport in the capital city. This country's dictatorship was toppled in the 1980s (*) People Power Revolution, causing a first lady who owned over a thousand shoes to leave the country. A revolt against American occupation here was led by Emilio Aguinaldo. For 10 points, name this country in the Pacific once led by Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos and now led by Benigno Aquino III.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3affa2b98a554f60a790c68fc53de613",
            "input": "One man by this name owned the field in which the ark stood on its way from the Philistines territory to Judah, and Zachariah saw another clothed in fresh robes and a mitre in a vision. The latter, the son of Josedec, also helped Zorobabel rebuild the temple after the Babylonian Captivity. The best known man by this name caused the sun and the moon to stand still at the battle of Gibeon, and it was he who was commander when the walls of Jericho fell. Also the name of the sixth book of the Old Testament, this is, FTP, what biblical name, also the given Hebrew name of Jesus, the most famous of which led the Israelites after the death of Moses.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a58a766063e64f79bcc7c5d5516abdf4",
            "input": "One of Heideggers courses on this man is now published under this philosophers name, and features concepts like concealedness and dis-hiding. David Furley describes how Plato argued against this man by introducing the concept of to heteron, or the other as a reaction against this man and his followers esti or me esti, what is and what is not. These terms and the nature of Greek led to a conclusion that change was impossible, a position offered by a main character in a section of this mans poem that also sees the author himself go through the Gates of Night and Day to meet that unnamed goddess. Featuring sections called The Way of Truth and the Way of Seeming, that poem is On Nature. Referenced in the title of Unbearable Lightness of Being, FTP, name this philosopher who claimed all of the universe was One, a philosopher known for teaching Zeno of Elea and founding the Eleatic school.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f071741d78da4a86aecc0d509cf7e9e9",
            "input": "He wrote that \"Poor Labour sweet in sleep was locked\" in a poem addressed to \"Poor naked wretches\" that \"bide the pelting of this pitiless storm,\" titled \"A Winter Night. \" The speaker of one of his poems asks God to destroy \"glib tongu'd Aiken\" on Judgement Day for laughing at him. In another of his poems, the title character sees \"warlocks and witches in a dance\" in Alloway Kirk. In addition to \"Tam O'Shanter,\" he also wrote a poem comparing his love to \"a red, red rose\" and one addressed to a \"cowrin, tim'rous beastie\" that includes the line \"the best-laid schemes o' mice and men / Gang aft agley. \" FTP, name this Scottish poet of \"To a Mouse\" and \"Auld Lang Syne. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79d6e95ff3244daca2fb789e38bf06aa",
            "input": "This case went a step further in testing a law than a previous case based around Daniel Desdunes. The plaintiff in this case was detained by a private detective who had been hired by the local (+) Citizens' Committee. The majority opinion in this case cited cases from thirteen years earlier that had said no \"\"badge\"\" was being imposed, and the opinion was written by Henry Billings Brown. Albion Tourgee was hired as one side's legal counsel, which sought to test the (*) Separate Car Act. For 10 points, name this Supreme Court case in which the lone dissent by John Marshall Harlan stated that \"\"our Constitution is color blind\"\" in trying to overturn a Louisiana law that supported \"\"separate but equal\"\" segregation.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0852bdf768d4890b62be4748fc99bd4",
            "input": "A major symbol of this deity was a knot called the tyet, and this deity was often depicted with a throne as a headdress. This deity once invoked the names of seven scorpions to heal a child of a poisonous bite. Other exploits by this deity include travelling to Byblos to retrieve a coffin and the creation of a serpent from another god's saliva. This deity received the secret name of Ra. With the aid of Nephthys, this deity recovered the body parts of her husband, allowing him to be resurrected as the ruler of the underworld. For 10 points, name this Egyptian goddess, the sister and wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1956b95940e04d758353c5b334dd9854",
            "input": "In one story he accidentally makes love to his sister after his nemesis gives him a potion that turns out to be alcohol. His twin is a dog-like figure who journeys with him into Mictlan to retrieve some bones, with which this god creates humanity. In another story he discovers corn by turning into an ant, and then makes a crack in a mountain so people can use it. After seeing himself in a mirror held by Tezcatlipoca, he immolates himself only to be reborn as the morning star. For 10 points, name this Aztec god known as the Feathered Serpent.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78df831ea70d4ffa952dee8734f222fb",
            "input": "In the Kjeldahl method, this procedure is followed by titration of ammonia product. In the Dean-Stark apparatus, this method's setup is associated with a plate number. One type of this procedure may use a Kugelrohr and is known as the \"vacuum\" type. Two other common types include the \"fractional\" and \"simple\" type of this procedure, and this procedure is governed by Raoult's Law. For 10 points, name this procedure in which components of a mixture are separated based on their different boiling points.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4895c16f1704f35b5f85ac4ed7e59d3",
            "input": "Like a recent event in St. Petersburg, a protest against the government of this man by suburban women was called the \"March of Empty Pots. \" His economic plan was named for his minister Pedro Vuskovic and he recruited a cybrernetics expert Stafford Beer to run Project Cybersyn, designed to create a central computing system. He was nearly deposed by an event known as \"El Tancazo\" or the Tank Putsch. He arose to power after agreeing to sign the \"Statute of Constitutional Guarantees,\" defeating his opponent Jorge Alessandri to succeed Eduardo Frei Montalva, after the general Ren Schneider was assassinated in a failed kidnapping attempt. After ruling for three years, he fled his palace La Moneda as the result of a military coup. FTP, name this socialist president from 1970 to 1973, who was succeeded by Augusto Pinochet after a CIA-sponsored coup in Chile.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a0777af63164afeae9f7e77d9c07c20",
            "input": "Crowell Rodgers accompanies the protagonist of this work to the horse races in San Siro, and Emilio is a sympathetic bartender who warns him of his impending arrest. Among its closing scenes is one in which this same protagonist refuses to put out a fire into which some ants walking along a log are about to fall; thus, the protagonist has passed up an opportunity to become the ants savior. Not long after, he exits a room in a hospital in Lausanne, where the woman of whom he thinks as his wife lies dead, having given birth to a stillborn baby for whom the protagonist feels no fatherly affection. This woman is a nurse he met, first while on the Italian front and again in another hospital in Milan where he lay injured. FTP, name this story of an ill-fated love affair between ambulance driver Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley during the First World War, a novel published in 1929 by the author of Death in the Afternoon",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7cdc3ff69774b17a141c7317c2bec5c",
            "input": "The Bogomolov-Miyaoka-Yau inequality implies the truth of this statement, as does a statement relating the minimal discriminant to a conductor of a certain type of curve called Szpiro's conjecture. One statement that leads to the proof of this statement is part of the Langlands program. The proof by Ken Ribet of the \"epsilon conjecture,\" which stated that the Frey curve was not modular, led to a proof of a special case of the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture, whose truth implies the truth of this theorem. For ten points, identify this theorem which states that the equation \"x to the n plus y to the n equals z to the n\" has no nonzero integer solutions for integer n greater than two, eventually proved by Andrew Wile.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00f2985b827a449f8f5227e22f267a45",
            "input": "One structure of this name is located on an area translated as \"The Red Road\" near the Zuweila Gate and the Khayerbek Complex on the Gate of the Minister. Another structure with this name is alternatively known as the Gk Jami and is the only building of its function in Yerevan. A building of this name which would have to be rebuilt following invasion by Genghis Khan also contains a marble slab describing the individual for which it is a shrine as the \"Lion of God\". In addition to the aforementioned structures alternatively named for Aqsunqur and the namesake for Mazari Sharif, the most famous was built following the Peace of Zsitvatorok and was ordered to be built by (*) Sultan Ahmed I. For 10 points, identify this common name of Islamic places of worship, the most famous one being located in Istanbul and so named for the color of its tiles.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffaa4aaa66354ef1886016f7df07b3c1",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel detests \"men of measured merriment,\" and goes to college with Fatty Pfaff, who eventually becomes a male midwife. The novel opens with a scene from the life of the title character's great-grandmother, who is excited to go West because \"they's a whole lot of new things I aim to be seeing! \" Its protagonist is modeled after Paul DeKruif, and discovers that the X Principle might prevent bacterial disease, only to learn that D'Herelle has already published the results. The title character belatedly chooses research over fame and wealth when he retreats to the Vermont woods with Terry Wickett. For 10 points, name this novel about an idealistic doctor by Sinclair Lewis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d47642108a0f495498364eba9d0266fc",
            "input": "This composer wrote a single-movement work in E major for 10 winds and 5 strings that, despite being called a chamber work, requires a conductor, while another of his works begins with a pp descending quarter, dotted-eighth, sixteenth motif in the violas and cellos, which are soon joined by the violins. In another work by this composer of the Kammersymphonie, after the narrator finishes speaking, the men's chorus sings the (*) Shema Yisroel with the orchestra. This composer wrote a work in one movement with five clear sections for string sextet, which he later re-orchestrated for string orchestra. This composer of A Survivor from Warsaw based that other work on a Richard Dehmel poem. For 10 points, name this Second Viennese School composer of Transfigured Night.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3275f7c89d2c41aa98cd6f201280972b",
            "input": "This man, the recipient of the ambassador Megasthenes, had his rise to power described in the play The Signet of the Minister. The tract Arthashatra was composed by his advisor Chanakya, and some stories claim that late in his life this man abdicated to follow the Jain sage Bhadrabahu. This man consolidated his power by defeating such (*) Alexandrian satraps as Eudemus and Peithon, which allowed him to vanquish the armies of Bhadrasala and besiege Kusumapura, thus conquering the Nanda Empire, after which he won the eastern territories of Seleucus Nicator. For 10 points, identify this father of Bindusara and grandfather of Ashoka, who became the first emperor of the Maurya dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed1f81dc081745868b4b089fe0483e36",
            "input": "good solvents for this procedure include carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride, though both are highly toxic. For testing coatings and powders, this technique can be used with attenuated total reflectance. Liquids are placed between two salt plates as preparation for this technique, while solid compounds are ground in combination with (*) potassium bromide and pressed into a thin disc. This technique relies on stimulating the vibrational modes of molecules. The output from this technique is a plot of transmittance versus wavenumber in inverse centimeters and includes a \"fingerprint\" for each molecule. For 10 points, name this common lab technique for identifying functional groups in molecules using radiation wavelengths just longer than visible light.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8da1b0d56f2e4dbab1fbab53fe97b82c",
            "input": "This man talked about Humanity in Crisis and Bergsonian challenges in Techniques Technology and Civilization, and also wrote A General Theory of Magic. He helped found the University of Paris' Ethnology Institute, and he collaborated with Henri Hubert on (*) Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function. This author of Primitive Classification talked about potlatch in a work subtitled The Form and Reason For Exchange in Archaic Societies. For 10 points, name this French anthropologist, the nephew of Emile Durkheim, and author of a book that examines reciprocity, The Gift.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c605e51bc5ef4f68939ec7be36f39706",
            "input": "His time in his country's highest office was marked by a scandal in which his predecessor's associate minister of national defence, Pierre Svigny, was revealed to have had an affair with a German prostitute named Gerda Munsinger. His time in office was also marked by a contentious \"Flag Debate,\" as he controversially proposed to replace the Red Ensign with a new design. He represented Algoma East in his country's House of Commons, and after St. Laurent resigned he defeated Paul Martin to become the leader of the Liberals. In 1963, he replaced John Diefenbaker as Prime Minister of Canada. FTP, name this man who became President of the General Assembly of the UN in 1952, and whose work in defusing the Suez crisis was rewarded with the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4627155841994cd3a4d36ed042a7db30",
            "input": "This quantity is often confused with a quantity symbolized delta G double dagger. The Hammond Postulate bases the structure of an intermediate on the difference in this quantity between the transition state and that of the reactants or products. It is divided by the product of reaction rate and temperature in the Arrhenius Equation, which calculates this quantity given a known reaction rate. Catalysts lower, for 10 points, what amount of energy that must be overcome for a reaction to take place",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2dc26f5012f74c66bf5d4039ad9c62d3",
            "input": "A kind of spectroscopy that is the main application of this phenomenon depends on chemical shifts arising from partial shielding of atoms or molecules by electrons. The surrounding electrons cause atoms to absorb radiation at slightly different field strengths for a fixed frequency. Atoms may only absorb radiation at photon energies equal to the difference between energy levels as determined by a characteristic spin, resulting in quantized orientations of the magnetic moment vector. FTP, what is this absorption of radiation at a precise frequency by nuclei with a nonzero spin that causes them to behave like small magnets",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aeac8ac4ef034516b9cc32b82c110fdf",
            "input": "One play named for this character ends with Easy saying, Cube. This character insults a former friend by saying a knavish speech sleeps in a foolish ear, and in response to the question, What do you read, my lord, he replies, Words, words, words. When another character asks him How is it that the clouds still hang so on you, he puns, Not so, my lord, I am too much in the sun. He learns that his father died from poison poured in his ears while talking to a ghost who first appears to Marcellus and Horatio. FTP, name this character who is killed by Laertes and revenges himself on Claudius in a namesake Shakespeare play, who famously wonders To be or not to be.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-064e88bf831b48c4b59f1be15a37f909",
            "input": "Lignocelluosic biomasses can create its cellulosic variety, which is often produced from Switchgrass and Miscanthus. As a chemical, it combines with chlorine to form chloral and hydrochloric acid. Combining it with benzene in water yields a (*) trinary that allows for the purification of its absolute variety, which is often assigned 200 proof, though 95% or 70% varieties are often used in the lab. It can be used to treat methanol poisoning, and in a Fischer esterification, it combines with carboxylic acids to produce ethyl esters. For 10 points, name this two carbon product of fermentation, an alcohol with formula C2H5OH.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d38ec1b527a4943bd2cac4357f6829e",
            "input": "The Chibchas held that this, under the name Bochica, had civilized their people, though his wife tried to destroy them. In Incan myth, Cuzco was founded by this, which then provided eggs of gold, silver, and copper, from which were born kings, priests, and slaves. In Chinese myth, Ban Gu held it in his left hand, while in another story, the divine archer Shen Yi shot nine false ones. In Norse tradition, it will be devoured by the wolf Skoll, who has been pursuing it since his birth, at Ragnarok. In Greek mythology, Zeus killed Phathon because his inexperience driving its chariot began to scorch the earth. FTP, identify this object, also associated with Ra and Helios.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5302b1ccd93d4d6680f3d5c9649f925a",
            "input": "At one point in this work, an oath is sworn over a jug of Thracian wine after it is pointed out that sacrificing a sheep over a shield would be inappropriate. The main character comes up with a metaphor of Greece as a piece of wool that needs to be spun into yarn, and when the Commissioner casts aspersions on this idea, Kleonike empties a chamber pot over him. The chorus of old men tries to smoke out a group from their entrenched position at a site where Kinesias shows up with a neglected baby and an enlarged member. Ending with an agreement aided by the naked figure Peace, FTP name this Aristophanes work in which the title character convinces Greek women to withhold sex until the Peloponnesian War is ended.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d26a24483864d9bb95c6945553c6b61",
            "input": "Phytoplankton with very high levels of this element are called \"survivalists\" because they are better at acquiring scarce resources. Agropyron repens dominated areas high in this element in experiments by David Tilman, which found that early successional species are better at acquiring it. The partner choice and sanctions hypotheses can explain a symbiosis centering around this element. Plants produce leghemoglobin to avoid oxygen poisoning of an enzyme that processes this element. Diazotrophs are able to survive without external sources of this element, and in oceans, the anammox process decreases its availability. This is the most commonly limiting element in terrestrial ecosystems, but most legumes have rhizobial root nodules capable of fixing it into ammonium. For 10 points, name this element whose diatomic form makes up 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96646a05c12a4533afa86d64e2bb15e3",
            "input": "Some of his early works include The Spirit of the Age and Two Letters on the Measure of Value, and he laid out the five principles of inductive reasoning, which would become known as his namesake method in his book System of Logic. In one essay he discusses the tyranny of the majority and created the Harm Principle, and in another work he would defend the Greatest (*) Happiness Principle and lay the foundation for a movement that would include philosophers such as Henry Sidgewick and Jeremy Bentham. FTP, name this philosopher who wrote On Liberty and Utilitarianism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70acd9621f5c46b4968afe02d4b054d4",
            "input": "The fifth of them is dedicated to Frau Hertha Koenig, the eighth is dedicated to Rudolf Kassner, and they are collectively designated the property of Princess Marie von Thurn und Taxis-Hohenlohe. The first begins with the question \"Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the angels' hierarchies,\" while the tenth and last imagines a young man who enters the land of Lament. FTP, identify this group of poems, written between 1912 and 1922 and considered the masterwork of Ranier Maria Rilke.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0ae1253368e449999919f6589c95faf",
            "input": "A museum branch located in this city's Fort Tryon Park containing medieval art is known as The Cloisters. One of its straits, which includes Roosevelt Island and Rikers Island, is the East River. Some of its neighborhoods are Bensonhurst and Flatbush, and its Turtle Bay neighborhood includes the headquarters of the (*) United Nations. For 10 points, name this city whose boroughs include Queens, Staten Island, and Manhattan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4cbdeb0250c64579964a94ea01df0abb",
            "input": "The causative agent of this disease can be typed using either IS6110 RFLP analysis or spoligotyping. One blood test for the disease is QFT-G, which checks for the presence of interferon gamma. Treatment uses the DOT strategy. The Mantoux test works by injecting PDD into the patient. That test works for the latent form of this disease and is a skin test. It is caused by a Mycobacterium. A symptom of it is a persistent cough. For 10 points, name this deadly disease of the lungs that used to be called consumption.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a117ad5af7a74b2da98dba181302055f",
            "input": "To the speaker of this poem and \"to darkness\" is left the world by a ploughman who \"homeward plods his weary way.\" The speaker of this poem muses about \"hands that the rod of empire might have swayed, or waked to ecstasy the living lyre.\" The denizens of the title location of this poem were \"forbade to wade through slaughter to a throne,\" meaning one of them may be \"some (*) Cromwell guiltless of his country's blood.\" This poem concerns those who lived \"far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife,\" and it begins as \"the curfew tolls the knell of parting day.\" For 10 points, name this poem by Thomas Gray.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65122b7d1b884bb6ad9df43fc3c46cc2",
            "input": "A part of this opera which parodies Handel takes the unusual step of assigning the coloratura part to a bass. A man who disapprovingly marks a chalkboard is told that Winter is waiting in a thorn bush in an allusion to an anti-Semitic tale of Grimm in this opera. A list of important tones is found in its aria Mein Herr, while Toscanini simplified the arrangement of this works Riot Scene. Also including the Midsummer Magic music and Trial Song, a key decision in this opera takes place shortly after the first appearance of Pogner and Becksemmer. Over the course of this work, the Morning Dream Song develops into the Prize Song, and it ends with Sachs defending the holiness of German art. In its first scene, a character is instructed to retrieve a handkerchief, clasp, and prayer book in order for Eva to delay telling Walter that she has promised to marry whoever the title character turns out to be. For 10 points, name this comedic opera by Richard Wagner about a man who wins his love in a singing contest.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b045e75af590465e9c8ad36102822767",
            "input": "Bolshiye Koty is a town located on the western shore of this lake, and the largest bay in it is the Barguizin Bay. The mountain region Dauria lies to the east of this lake, whose Proval Bay was created by an 1862 earthquake at a river delta. The islands of Ushkani and Olkhon are located in this lake, and the Selenga and Barguzin rivers drain into it. Its sole outlet is the Angara River, and it is located in the republic of Buryatia and the province of Irkutsk. For 10 points, name this Russian lake, the oldest and the deepest in the world.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fccdbd826e224c7e94051298cb55fb46",
            "input": "In a surprising move it was voted down by Iowa's legislature. In its first appearance it was linked to a two million dollar appropriations bill and the next year to a three million dollar appropriations bill. In the nominating convention the next year, Lewis Cass failed to address it and his Democrats voted down a resolution condemning it, giving Zachary Taylor the momentum. FTP, name this resolution that passed in the House but not the Senate and which sought to ban slavery in any acquired Mexican territory.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8c6bbef87c3b4742a09898fc0b6308c6",
            "input": "An early work by this man was The River War, which discussed his military experiences in Sudan. As Chancellor of the Exchequer, this man returned his country to the Gold Standard, leading to mass deflation, and he had earlier lost his job as First Lord of the Admiralty due to the failure of the(*) Gallipoli Campaign. This man gave a speech in Fulton, Missouri, where he said that \"An iron curtain has descended across Europe,\" while in another speech he had \"nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.\" For 10 points, identify this British Prime Minister during World War II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-814df93ff2af45d39cd23b9c0e13c247",
            "input": "As this figure's ship sailed, rotten planks were replaced with new ones, leading to a philosophical problem concerning whether the original ship remained. Parts of this man's thighs were left in the underworld after he Pirithous were stuck to magical chairs. He killed a robber who forced victims to conform to the size of his bed named Procrustes. Aided by Ariadne's ball of string, this figure slew the Minotaur in the labyrinth. For 10 points, name this man who founded Athens and served as its first king.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f65718cf02849d5b09c70f79f5862f6",
            "input": "The founder of the Juvenalia and a namesake festival, he installed Tigranes and later Tiridates as kings of Armenia, and used the henchman Anicetus in divorcing and murdering his first wife. Like Claudius, he married a Messalina as his third wife, but his only child died in infancy. This ruler was rebelled against by Clodius Macer, the governor of Africa, and commanded the general Corbulo to commit suicide. In early life he was advised the praetorian prefect Burrus and also the author of De Ira and the Apocolocyntosis. He forced a man known as his arbiter elegantiae, Petronius, to commit suicide, and employed the architect Fabullus to build a palace known as the Domus Aurea. The target of the Pisonian conspiracy, he was eventually unseated by the revolt of Gaius Vindex in Gaul. For Ten Points, name this husband of Poppaea, student of Seneca, and predecessor of Galba, the last of the Julio-Claudian Roman emperors.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7195940b4313428c8823881fa9da50f6",
            "input": "Combustion reactions produce carbon dioxide, energy, and this substance. Sometimes called the \"universal solvent\", it has high surface tension because it forms many hydrogen bonds. This compound is unusual in that as it is cooled, it becomes less dense, so its solid form (*) floats on top of its liquid form. For 10 points, name this compound that boils at 100 degrees Celsius, freezes at zero degrees Celsius, and has formula H2O.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-013b20d1349443d5b9936915cc7c4ee8",
            "input": "One of his campaigns was conducted against Grimoald III, duke of Benevento, who had formerly been his hostage. In his namesake Libri, theologians attacked the Second Council of Nicaea, before he himself convened the Synod of Frankfurt, which overruled that ecumenical council. In his \"cold war\" with the Byzantines, he advanced his own candidate to succeed Hadrian I, Pope Leo III. Defeat at Zaragoza forced his troops to retreat to Roncevaux Pass in the Pyrenees, a site famous for the poem it inspired, The Song of Roland. His biographer Einhard served as secretary for his son and successor, Louis the Pious. FTP, name this king of the Franks, whom Leo crowned Holy Roman Emperor on December 25, 800.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2017bfe3b4884cd8ac52970036fb615e",
            "input": "In 75 AD, Plutarch wrote a biography of this man, describing him as avaricious. An adherent of Sulla, he was forced to flee to Hispania during the purges by Cinna, only to return with Sulla after Cinnas death in 84 BC, defeating the final remnants of the Cinna-supporters. Profiting heavily form Sullas proscriptions, he would be nicknamed dives, or the rich. During the Spartacus uprising, he would raise and train troups at his own expense and lead them into battle. From that period dates also his rivalry with Pompey, whom he accused of stealing the honor of the victory over the slaves from him. He would later reconcile with him, however. FTP, who is this man, who allegedly came to his end after molten gold had been poured into his mouth by the Parthians",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81f1a814f1d448b492a97597c444abbc",
            "input": "Some participants in a raid on this country joined up with Swallow Team and escaped this country on skis after blowing up their target. A team of Royal Engineers was executed after a failed raid in this country with gliders in Operation Freshman. Those operations targeted a plant at Vemork in this country's Telemark region which produced heavy water for nuclear weapons. Vidkun Quisling served as Germany's puppet ruler of this country, whose King Haakon VII went into exile during World War II. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country which the Nazis controlled from Oslo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91cfff6c7f794923a226f40d1471d08d",
            "input": "In 1842, he contributed a series of letters to The Nonconformist in which he argued that government actions should be limited to upholding natural rights. The writings were collected and published as the pamphlet, The Proper Sphere of Government. The Principles of Psychology speculated on ideas that would become much more popular four years later, while The Man Versus the State discussed political liberty. In his first book, Social Statics (1851), he presented a progressive model of the changes in human society over time in which he asserted and defended the emergence of individualism as the natural culmination of societal evolution. For 10 points, name this British thinker and author of A System of Synthetic Philosophy who argued that \"the survival of the fittest\" is morally justified.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bfad214f66334129aebdbe844afc63c5",
            "input": "This state was where the author of Sand County Almanac, Aldo Leopold, taught for many years. The 1924 Progressive Party candidate for President was from this state, where as governor, he had previously introduced such progressive policies as direct election of senators. That governor of this state was Robert La Follette. This state's current governor survived a 2012 gubernatorial recall election and is staunchly opposed to public employees' collective bargaining rights. For 10 points, name this state governed by Scott Walker, whose largest city is Milwaukee.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6bcdbe02e0c145ddb119c7b7364da7fd",
            "input": "This element's only oxidation state is -1, and it is impossible to free from its compounds by chemical means. It is prepared commercially be the same method which Henri Moisson used to isolate it in 1886, and is also found in the mineral cryolite. Its only isotope is the stabe 19 version, and in its gaseous form takes on a pale yellow color. The most electronegative and reactive of the elements, FTP, what is this lightest of the halogens with atomic number 9 and symbol F",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9a57112fb024adaa446f763754f2892",
            "input": "This author used his experiences training as an obstetrician to write his first novel, about a factory worker who has an affair with Jim Blakeston and dies after a miscarriage. A later short story describes missionary Davidsons attempts to convert prostitute Sadie Thompson. Besides Liza of Lambeth and Rain, this author also wrote about painter David Stricklands journey to Tahiti in a work based on the life of Gauguin, The Moon and Sixpence. In one of his more famous works, World War I veteran Larry Darrell travels to Paris and then India in search of spiritual guidance, while an autobiographical work describes the life of clubfooted Philip Carey. FTP, name this British author of The Razors Edge and Of Human Bondage.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6ff8a5a12114684ad1dae841135536a",
            "input": "One party in this conflict was led for part of it by the namesake of a battleship famous in a later conflict, the Duke of Caxias. This clash was precipitated by the ouster of Atansio Aguirre. Victory at Curupayty forestalled defeat for the eventual losers, whose fate was practically sealed after the naval Battle of Riachuelo. This war's namesake treaty was the brainchild of Bartolom Mitre, who favored the Colorado Party over the Blanco Party in Uruguay. FTP, name this conflict in which Paraguay under Francisco Solano Lpez was eventually defeated by the namesake entity, consisting of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f5a44186d014a6087ae72e3be5c1308",
            "input": "One of these named Wotjek carried ammunition at the battle of Monte Cassino, and in an 1887 Thomas Nast cartoon, one of these animals replies to a turkey with \"Gobble, gobble, you bet\". A Punch cartoon titled \"As Between Friends\" shows the British Lion looking on as this animal sits on the Persian Cat, while a sick one of these animals is captioned \"California Republic\" in a Cagle cartoon. A famous one of these was rescued in the Capitan Mountain, and they are often used to symbolize Russia. For 10 points, name this animal depicted on the cover of \"The Great Wall St. Game\" next to a bull, one of which is the mascot of the US Forestry Service.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5468f43beede45429571305bf91b9898",
            "input": "One incident during this conflict saw Redvers H. Buller ordering troops into regions such as Colenso and the Stormberge mountains, only to see them soundly whipped in a period referred to as \"Black Week. \" After Bullers' replacement by Frederick S. Roberts, one side began a string of military victories which culminated in the defeat of Piet Cronje. A precipitating event of this conflict included the actions of Leander Jameson, while another issue of tension revolved around the discovery of gold in the Witwatersrand region. The wrap up to this war saw Horatio Kitchener setting up concentration camps while fending off guerrilla attacks led by men like Jan Botha and Jan Christiaan Smuts. For 10 points, identify this conflict that lasted from 1899 to 1902 that pitted the British against the Dutch-descended Afrikaners in what is now South Africa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1df19d5e353d42d3a7f70727218756bc",
            "input": "A testo narrates a work by this composer that features a Christian knight who kills a Saracen maiden, The Fight Between Tancredi and Clorinda. A piece sometimes known as \"Lasciatemi morire\" and later arranged by the composer for five voices is the only extant part of his opera Arianna. The text of his first opera was provided by Alessandro Striggio, and it begins with a recitation by La Musica of her powers. Another opera by this composer features Ottone, who dresses in female clothes in an attempt to kill the title character, who is having an affair with Nero. FTP, name this Italian composer of the early operas The Coronation of Poppaea and Orfeo.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e13adfc5179a41959aa81c1d0886c55a",
            "input": "In a latter section of this work, a man who refuses to enter heaven without his dog is told that he has passed a test of constancy. Twelve years of exile are wagered in a dice game in this poem, which begins with a blind king abdicating in favor of his brother, but then coming back to rule with the advisor Bhisma. After victory in war over the Kauravas, Yudhishthira becomes king. Earlier, Draupadi is married to all five Pandava brothers, including the archer Arjuna. FTP, name this epic poem of India which contains Krishna's recitation of the Bhagavad Gita.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7441e3f67c944992a1f4214ee4a83053",
            "input": "In one work by this author, a woman detaches her right arm and gives it to the narrator to keep for a night. In one of his novels, the patriarch of the Ogata family reconsiders his relationship with his philandering son Shuichi. In another, Kikuji has an affair with Mrs. Ota, a former mistress of his dead father. He also wrote a novel which centers on a match between Otake and Shusai, and one in which Shimamura has an affair with the geisha Komako while visiting the titular region of Japan. For 10 points, name this first Japanese winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, who wrote The Sound of the Mountain, Thousand Cranes, The Master of Go, and Snow Country.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-095cad472dc342e9b58d2f0fad47d208",
            "input": "This author wrote about the spoiled poet Jaromil, who dies of a cold at age twenty, in Life is Elsewhere. Tamina makes love to Hugo so that he will retrieve the letters she wrote to her dead husband in this man's story, \"Lost Letters.\" In one of his novels, Marketa receives a postcard reading (*) \"Optimism is the opium of the people!\" from her boyfriend. This man wrote a novel composed of seven interlinking stories entitled The Book of Laughter and Forgetting. He wrote about Ludvik Jahn in The Joke, and about the philandering Tomas and his wife Teresa in his most famous novel. For 10 points, name this Czech author of The Unbearable Lightness of Being.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43e83e6e2f03456082fd9de8e6add09c",
            "input": "white faces emerge from black clothing in this man's Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion. For 15 points, name this twentieth-century artist, who parodied Velasquez's Innocent X for the most notable member of his Screaming Popes series.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa7218b7b921478593087746f77a04db",
            "input": "This man's son drew on his work in order to publish the monograph Wayward Puritans. This man attempted to provide evidence for his best known theory by writing books examining the lives of well adjusted people; one such book coined the phrase \"homo religiosus,\" examined \"the origins of non-violent militantism,\" and was entitled Gandhi's Truth. One theory by this man, elaborated in his work Childhood and Society, posits that every child must choose between (*) trust and distrust and ego-identity and role confusion at various times. For 10 points, name this man who coined the term \"identity crisis\" and proposed an eight stage theory of psychosocial development.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ae2a4976c4643b7ada932df7c61bb52",
            "input": "One of his works claims that twelve categories of human understanding posited in the Critique of Judgment are reducible to causality. His last work, a set of \"stray yet systematically arranged thoughts on a variety of subjects,\" includes sections \"On Din and Noise\" and \"Additional Remarks on the Doctrine of the Suffering of the World. \"  This author of Parerga and Paralipomena wrote On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, and another work argues that art tries to represent the Platonic ideal of an object and that works expands Kant's \"Ding an Sich\" to the whole universe. For 10 points, supposed pessimist, the author of The World as Will and Idea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13eb9dd59d2b4ff58384f4fb1b000f8d",
            "input": "He painted a series of devotional paintings for the Palazzo Coccina while one of his depictions of the Crucifixion features a figure shrouded in bright yellow kneeling her head before the main scene. He painted St. Francis in Ecstacy and St. Nicholas Named Bishop of Myra for the San Nicol della Lattuga, while tondos like Music and Honour are among the works for the Biblioteca Marciana. One of his paintings depicts himself alongside Bassano, Tintoretto, and Titian as musicians seated around a table with an (*) hourglass. That painting sits in San Giorgio Maggiore and shows a man in yellow pouring a huge gourd of wine into a golden goblet for the ongoing banquet. For 10 points, name this Venetian painter of works like The Wedding Feast at Cana.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae146cfc8e3e446db02ae7ca736e20bf",
            "input": "One author from this country is known for his autobiographical work The Days. In addition to Taha Hussein, this country has produced an author who wrote about the assassination of this country's president in The Day the Leader Was Killed. That author also wrote novels such as The Thief and the Dogs and (*) Palace Walk. For 10 points, name this home of Naguib Mahfouz whose literature also includes The Book of the Dead and was often written on papyrus.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58fbf7e1811046198bef0f3954013eba",
            "input": "religion's believers practice the Four Restraints and they adhere to right vision, knowledge, and conduct, or the ratnatraya. Followers perform the five-fold bow when they recite this religion's primary prayer, the Namokar Mantra. This religion reserves the highest level of its seven-tiered heaven for those who have obtained liberation, or moksha. It reveres twenty-four figures who have recaptured dharma and lead others towards enlightenment, and this religion requires adherence to ahimsa, or non-violence. For 10 points, name this non-violent Indian religion founded by the last tirthankara, Mahavira.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a7a7c98155a47dba30ff378ce49eee1",
            "input": "In one of this author's books, Elaine Risley and her brother Stephen travelled with their father, who was a field entomologist. This author wrote about a woman who is married to Luke and has an affair with Nick at Serena's prompting. Nick tells that character that the Eyes are part of Mayday, a resistance group opposed to the Republic of Gilead, who are coming to rescue Offred from her work as a reproductive slave for the Commander. For 10 points, name this Canadian author who wrote Cat's Eye and the dystopian novel The Handmaid's Tale.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eaf39aef4a6e40569fb01665f2ca7228",
            "input": "The protagonist of this work compares a lover unfavorably to the cultured Mr. and Mrs. Vance. That character goes to live with her sister and brother-in-law Sven, but is forced to work for a shoe factory and give all but fifty cents of her income to her relatives. A marriage ceremony that probably wasnt legal takes place in Montreal in this work, while one main character assumes the pseudonym Wheeler. In the end, one character dies destitute and is buried in a potters field, while the protagonist becomes a successful actress in New York. The title character of this novel first meets Charles Drouet on a train, and that man sets her up with G.W. Underwood, a married man. FTP, name this novel about the title girl from Wisconsin, a work of Theodore Dreiser.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-baf78f15b5f2443d90d31308cc05b124",
            "input": "In the late 1800's, this scientist claimed that the geometric rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was directly proportional to a linear rise of the Earth's temperature. This man developed an equation that can be extended to transition state theory with the Eyring-Polanyi (EYE-RING POLE-ahn-YEE) equation. That equation based on collision theory contains a term called the pre-exponential factor and relates the rate constant to the (*) activation energy and temperature in chemical kinetics. For 10 points, name this Swedish chemist who names an acid-base theory in which an acid is an electron acceptor.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f68818ecf3ec4e19bb81657c50bcc0d9",
            "input": "composed a set of works dedicated to Grand Duke Paul of Russia that includes pieces such as \"The Birds\" and \"How Do You Do\" and one finale contains various pauses to confuse the audience, titled \"The Joke. \" One of his works contains the \"Ewiger, machtiger Gott\" chorus towards the end of its \"Spring\" movement. Another set of his works are occaisonally named for his collaborator Johann Salomon, including one whose second movement contains an 8-note accompaniment by the bassoons that imitates the ticking of the title device, and another which derives its name from the loud G chord in its sixteenth measure. For 10 points, identify this composer of the Clock and Surprise symphonies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d7c72daa93142528c7e0ffce42f2ee4",
            "input": "This man designed the main building of a museum from Texas Shell Stone, and over the course of forty years, also designed two major additions to that structure. In addition to the Amon Carter Museum, his other designs include a building consisting of what he termed zogs, and, with one of his collaborators, an elliptical building with a red granite and gray steel exterior, the Lipstick Building. The two inclined towers of the Puerta de Europa and the Crystal Cathedral were designed with his partner John Burgee. He also designed an oddly shaped red building he called Da Monsta, and a tower dedicated to Lincoln Kirstein to go with a brick guest house and another structure whose interior contains a brick tower containing the bathrooms and consists of walls of grey steel and glass. For 10 points, name this architect of the Glass House who collaborated with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe on the Seagram Building.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-899c58594ab846b7b398e68edfbccdff",
            "input": "This author wrote about Scott Martineau, the assistant of the novelist Bill Gray in his novel Mao II, while his first novel was narrated by David Bell and was titled Americana. He published a short story entitled \"Midnight in Dostoyevsky\" in 2009, while his other short stories include \"Baghdad Towers West\", \"Human Moments in World War III\", and \"Pafko at the Wall\". His more well known works include a work of historical fiction that analyzes Lee Harvey Oswald and the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and one in which Jack Gladney is a Professor of Hitler Studies at College-On-The-Hill. For 10 pointsname this author of Libra and White Noise.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd7de262d7d4402a9ecc044833663a67",
            "input": "One section of it quotes Berliozs Waltz of the Sylphs, and it also features a slowed down version of the can-can from Offenbachs Orphe aux Enfers. Its eleventh movement contains a pair of pianos practicing in the C, D flat, D, and E flat scales, and the xylophone is used to denote rattling bones in a section which includes part of its composers Danse Macabre and is entitled Fossils. Opening with a Royal March, its penultimate movement, a cello solo, is sometimes published separately as The Swan. FTP, identify this zoological fantasy by Camille Saint-Saens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c9e682a12b004770a18adcdc3d342914",
            "input": "It attempted to implement such changes as the banning of private property and the shift to a solar calendar, and one theory holds that the game of Mah-jongg was created during it by bored army officers. Its king was eventually dethroned by the Xiang Army led by Zeng Guofan and Zuo Zongtang, a man more famously known as General Tso. Its leader, a member of the Hakka ethnic group, added a third book to its official Bible. FTP, name this rebellion whose leader, Hong Xiuquan, believed he was Jesus Christ's younger brother, an uprising that was finally suppressed in 1871 by forces including Charles Gordon's Ever-Victorious Army.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d00a77b088574edaa2099e118c2d6b8b",
            "input": "The daughter of an internationally renowned archaeologist, she worked for an electrical engineering firm for ten years before turning to writing. Later works include Men, Women, and Places and The Faithful Wife, and she published The Wild Orchid and The Burning Bush after her conversion to Roman Catholicism, and her continuing interest in the \"immoral love\" of women resulted in both Jenny and Images in a Mirror. But she may be best-known for investigating medieval Nordic themes and her long historical novels, including Olav Audusson and a long work with three parts entitled The Garland, The Mistress of Husaby, and The Cross, respectively. FTP, name this creator of Kristin Lavransdatter",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ac4d9fa7e8d458784c30968beede6fa",
            "input": "This country controls the island of Wolin. Mount Rysy lies in its Tatra Mountains, which, along with the Sudetes, forms much of this country's southwest border. This country lies south of Kaliningrad Oblast and across the Western Bug from a neighboring country's city of Brest. The Masurian Lake District is located in this country, and its city of Stettin lies on the Bay of (*) Pomerania. Its cities include Krakow, Lublin, and Gdansk, and it contains Auschwitz. This country's western border is formed by the Neisse and Oder Rivers, and the Vistula flows through this country before draining into the Baltic Sea. For ten points, name this country with capital at Warsaw.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2d5dcf402c14dba9d61da7d8b5a3644",
            "input": "While in a flower shop, this woman hears the backfiring of a car that she believes may be carrying the queen; that event occurs shortly after this woman meets Hugh Whitbread. Later, this woman hears of the suicide of a man who jumps out of a window, Septimus Smith. She is visited by (*) Peter Walsh and Sally Seton, making her reconsider her decision to marry Richard. For 10 points, name this party hostess and title character of a stream of consciousness novel by Virginia Woolf.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-931c95400e70437db3e98cbdfeb8d5d8",
            "input": "One of this thinker's essays begins by quoting the Monologue of Novalis and concludes by citing a text on the \"diversity of the structure\" of the titular concept by Wilhelm von Humboldt. Another of his essays discusses the \"Lichtung,\" or clearing in the forest, in relation to a definition of truth as \"unconcealment\" which he takes from  Parmenides. Yet another of his essays discusses C. F. Meyer's poem \"Roman Fountain\" and a painting of shoes by Van Gogh in order to understand the titular concept. In addition to \"The Way to Language,\" \"The End of Philosophy and the Task of Thinking,\" and \"The Origin of the Work of Art,\" he criticized French appropriations of his thought in the \"Letter on Humanism\" and suggested that the modern world is enframed by scientific thinking in \"The Question Concerning Technology. \"  However, he is best known for an unfinished book whose first part appeared in 1927, in which he discussed the nature of Dasein. FTP, name this German author of Being and Time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f0c242ad4fe4196bee1bf6dacdbff9f",
            "input": "One of this man's paintings depicts a girl wearing a blue dress and red hat who enigmatically glances to the right, and is titled The Terrace. One of his paintings depicts a basket-toting red-haired woman in front of a crowd toting the title Umbrellas. Portraits like Jeanne Samary and Madame Charpentier and Her Children provided his later income. A child wearing a red bow is the subject of his Girl With a Watering Can, while another work depicts some bare-armed dudes in straw hats, women in fancy dresses, and men in top hats eating and commiserating under an awning. FTP, name this French painter of Le Moulin de la Galette and Luncheon of the Boating Party.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-032e1f45ff514dcfae202a43d96f48a4",
            "input": "On the first day of this battle, General Johnston's right flank attack stalled in front of Sarah Bell's peach orchard, and much of the heavy fighting took place in the \"Hornet's Nest. \" The Confederates withdrew to the site of this battle after the losses of Forts Henry and Donelson in February, and the CSA army hoped to attack before reinforcements led by Don Carlos Buell arrived. General Halleck ordered Grant's forces at Pittsburg Landing to advance, and Confederate General Johnston was killed at this battle. FTP, name this April 6th and 7th,1862 Civil War victory for the Union in Tennessee.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fee8c2ca042c48a99f63e6e3c88f5a89",
            "input": "The tensor analog of this quantity can be diagonalized by defining a coordinate system along the principal axes, and its middle eigenvalue corresponds to unstable motion according to Euler's Equations of Motion. The deflection of a cantilevered beam is inversely proportional to Young's modulus and this quantity. It is given by \"cross-sectional area times the square of the radius of gyration\", and it can be found by the parallel axis theorem. For a sphere it is equal to \"two-fifths m r squared\", while it has half the value for a disc that it has for a ring. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized \"I\", the rotational analog of mass.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8b5de6db66648a18ce4609bab04b4bf",
            "input": "According to a 2001 Science magazine report this molecule, which is bound to the protein apolipoprotein E, is the synapse-promoting signal released by the glial cells. In their 1985 Nobel lecture, Brown and Goldstein discussed a receptor-mediated pathway for the homeostasis of this bio-molecule. This molecule also decreases the rigidity of cellular membranes, especially at low temperatures. It is the common precursor of steroid hormones, and also forms crystals in gout and in gallstones with bile salts and phospholipids. Importantly, apolipoprotein E, phospholipids, and free forms of this molecule have been  shown to bind low density lipoproteins, or LDL. FTP, name this lipid which is often associated with atherosclerosis.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c329968b3c348888f54d28f1b1b8e4e",
            "input": "One Supreme Court case arising out of this state found that evidentiary hearings must be open to the public; that was the case of Waller versus this state. Another decision naming this state as respondent upheld the Article III provision allowing a citizen of one state to sue another. In two related cases, the Court found that federal courts cannot review state laws and that Indian tribes hold distinct sovereign powers. Appeals against this state invalidated then reinstated the death penalty. For ten points, name this state brought before the Supreme Court by such plaintiffs as Chisolm, Cherokee Nation, Worcester, Gregg, and Furman.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4c7f3f3eb76747c1986145f149dc3489",
            "input": "This country is the setting of a novel in which Inni meets Arnold and Phillip Taads after his wife Zita leaves him. One character born in this country, where the novel Rituals takes place, travels to Japan and joins a cult led by Abbot Enomoto, whose monks murder their children in the hope for eternal life. That character's \"Thousand Autumns\" are chronicled in a book by David Mitchell. Drystubble narrates the colonial exploits of this European country in a book which includes a story about the rice farmer Saidjah. The author of Max Havelaar is from this country, home to the bar Mexico City where Jean-Baptiste Clamence narrates his angst. A woman living here wrote about the elderly dentist Mr. Dussel and the kiss from Peter van Daan in a series of entries addressed to \"Kitty.\" For 10 points, name this country that is the setting Camus's The Fall and The Diary of Anne Frank.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bad334dfd7744e328afb0085ad04aafa",
            "input": "This process can be triggered by molecules like phosphatidylserine. Some organisms try to avoid this process by using a slime layer or fimbriae. Another way to avoid this process is via protein A, which blocks IgG binding and opsonization. After undergoing this process, some organisms use molecules like sulfatides to avoid encountering acidic conditions, while others use proteins such as listeriolysin O or phospholipase A to avoid death by breaking out of the vacuole that they are sequestered in. Pathogens that aren't so lucky are broken down by the cell that performed this process in an oxygen dependent manner. Cells that do this \"professionally\" include neutrophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages. For 10 points, name this process in which a cell internalizes solid particles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2a4556c283e4cf2985c91fba70107a4",
            "input": "This leader survived a crushing defeat at Dyrrhachium (deer-RAWK-ee-um) to win a civil war. He built two concentric walls to besiege the city of Alesia, and wrote that \"\"all of Gaul is divided into three parts\"\" after defeating Vercengetorix (vur-sin-GET-uh-riks) there. This husband of Calpurnia won the battle of Pharsalus and made up the First Triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey. Like his lieutenant Mark Antony, he fell in love with Cleopatra. For 10 points, name this Roman dictator who was killed by Brutus and Cassius on the Ides of March.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e2277b1174140c983d9de14eba8bde6",
            "input": "The allegro movement in the first of these compositions features a solo violin while the rest of the orchestra plays 32nd notes, and the presto movement of the second composition starts off with straight 16th notes. These pieces' composer wrote accompanying sonnets to provide images like \"The [*] Barking Dog\" and \"The Sleeping Shepherd.\" These pieces were originally published with 8 other concerti, collectively titled \"The Contest Between Harmony and Invention.\" The last movement of its second piece, which is in G minor, depicts a thunderstorm. For 10 points, name this set of four concerti by Antonio Vivaldi which includes the pieces \"Summer\" and \"Spring.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1e854e81baa41728f28826c9cd1b6fc",
            "input": "This celestial object is the largest in a namesake class of bodies that have 2:3 mean motion resonance with a certain larger body. Nix and Hydra are two satellites of this body, the presence of which was originally predicted by Perceval Lowell. The New Horizons probe is en route to this celestial object. The discovery of Eris raised controversy regarding this object, which was discovered by Clyde (*) Tombaugh. It and its largest satellite are sometimes referred to as a binary planet system, although Charon is still officially classified as a moon of this body. This body's highly eccentric orbit occasionally brings it closer to the Sun than Neptune. For ten points, identify this celestial object that was stripped of its \"planet\" status in 2006.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e38b9208d36e49b4a5ef4e6e9b6ec75c",
            "input": "Orpheus was killed by devotees of this figure. Perseus and the Argives defeated this deity and his followers after he stumbled into Mycenaea . This grandson of Cadmus and Harmonia rescued his mother from the Underworld and placed her among the stars before ascending to Mount Olympus. He became the immortal lover of Ariadne. This wielder of the thyrsus sought revenge on Lycurgus and Pentheus when he returned from India. The maenads were female followers of this god. His cult celebrated the Eleusinian Mysteries. Midas did a favor for Silenus, one of this god's devotees. For 10 points, name this leader of the satyrs, who presided over ecstasy and wine.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5bf33420e44b47df9ce697252835970a",
            "input": "An atypical 1904 work of this person was designed to abut railways for the Larkin Company; a more characteristic work from the same period was designed as a cube of light facing inwards from the noise busy Lake Street and is known as the Unity Temple. The complex that is now the Hollywood Municipal Art Gallery was designed by this architect on commission from Aline Barnsdall shortly he designed a building having a floating cantilever that allowed it to survive an earthquake, the Imperial Hotel of Tokyo. Taliesin was the studio of this artist perhaps most famous for the design of Fallingwater. For 10 points, name this exemplar of the Prairie style; a notable American architect.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e898662bd1244173b6f18ead39c011ec",
            "input": "This term refers to a knot which is defined in cylindrical polar coordinates by the equations \"r equals 2 plus cosine of p theta over q\", and \"z equals sin of p theta over q\", where p and q are relatively prime integers. The fundamental group of one of these objects is equal to the cartesian product of the integers with themselves. The Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theorem concerns quasiperiodic orbits described by trajectories moving on the surface of one of these objects, which can be viewed as the cartesian product of two circles. By the Heawood conjecture, 7 colors are needed to color this genus one surface, which can be obtained by gluing opposite edges of a rectangle together with no twists. For 10 points, identify this kind of three-dimensional surface with a single hole, whose name describes the shape of a donut.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f193e5430454dceb6c54e47775b0189",
            "input": "He developed one of the first versions of compatibilism in his The Questions Concerning Liberty, Necessity, and Chance, and claimed that the cause of all things is the diversity of motion in his first work A Short Tract on First Principles. Doing proofs in Euclid's Elements inspired a trilogy that deduces organization of society from bodily motion and cognition and which includes the works De Cive, De Corpore, and De Homine. He tutored an exiled Prince Charles in France, but he is best known for his ideas that a sovereign entity is created to avoid a life which is \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. \"  FTP, name this author of Leviathan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0dfbc942e17844f6a8d0ab219e5293c1",
            "input": "At the end of this war, the duchies of Lorraine and Bar were taken away from France for a generation and the displaced duke of Lorraine was given the duchy of Tuscany after the death of its last Medici ruler. Sardinia entered in hopes of dislodging the Austrians from Lombardy, but it was Spanish entry that caused the defeat of Anna of Russia, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, and their candidate. It began upon the death of Augustus II and escalated after the fall of Danzig, which forced the flight of Stanislaus I.  FTP, name this war that ended with the Treaty of Vienna in 1738, a conflict over ascension to an Eastern European throne.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d1af8e045d84376a9131c3dabc066ee",
            "input": "Ingram de Umfraville fought for the losing side of this battle that John Coyme the Younger participated in to avenge his father's murder by its victorious commander at Dumfries. Sir Philip Mowbray commanded the besieged forces during this battle, and Thomas of Lancaster contributed the minimum legal number of troops. Robert Keith led a 500-man cavalry charge around a swamp that scattered archers during this battle, and the losing forces were jointly commanded by the Earls of Gloucester and Hereford, who failed to break the siege of Stirling Castle. FTP, name this 1314 battle in which Edward II's English forces lost to Robert the Bruce, strengthening his claim to the Scottish throne.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5abeaecd7e6b487a9ebebcae4c5ae0ca",
            "input": "One song by this group describes the title figure as \"a human in flesh but not by law\" who is \"free to be without the worries of a quick to diss society\", because he is homeless. That song, like two others on their debut album, featured the vocals of Dionne Farris. Their second album, Zingalamaduni, was recorded two years after their song (**) \"Revolution\" was commissioned by Spike Lee for the soundtrack to Malcolm X. The aforementioned \"Mr. Wendal\" appeared on their debut album, whose highest-charting single features a chorus beginning \"Take me to another place / take me to another land\" and is called (*) \"Tennessee\". For 10 points, identify this hip-hop group founded by Speech and Headliner, best known either for their 1992 album 3 Years, 5 Months & 2 Days in the Life Of... or for sharing their name with a recently-resurrected TV show about which you will not be hearing a question.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1770fd7faeec46719d4e14ae2cf2fb99",
            "input": "This work discusses the \"ebionitic elements of the New Testament\" in Richard Baxter's The Saints Everlasting Rest, and its fifth chapter outlines \"outlook. \" Its author argues that the interaction of the two title concepts has left man in an \"iron cage of rationality\" and discusses the rise pietism and asceticism in a certain man's \"Conception of the Calling. \" It claims that the \"vocational calling\" led to a \"steel hard casing\" of work from which there is no escape, which causes the title group to conflate wealth and predestination. For 10 points, name this sociological work that examines the connection between Calvinist ethics and business success, by Max Weber.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a0b6aafb3ad4a62803552b4fbc5f25b",
            "input": "A contemporary account of this dynasty can be found in the 130-volume Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian [Ssu-ma chien]. One important ruler of this time period was Wu Di, who blended Confucian and Legalist philosophies and ordered the first census in recorded history. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin, created by Wang Mang after he decided that the ruling Liu family had lost the Mandate of Heaven. Agrarian crises near the end of it resulted in the uprising of a Taoist sect lead by Zhang Jiao, the Yellow Turbans. It ended after the warlord Cao Caos rise to power, resulting in the Three Kingdoms period. FTP, name this dynasty that lasted from 206BC to 220AD, which lends its name to the major ethnic group of China.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82cc887c12e64dcab000201991ed32e1",
            "input": "military defeat for this country inspired a play also based on the Oedipus myth, You Killed the Monster; that same author from this country also wrote the short story collections City of Love and Ashes and The Cheapest Nights and Other Stories. One novel set in this country sees the protagonist cheat on his wife Kamelia with the dancer Warda and the singer Margarete. Besides The Beggar, a work sometimes considered this country's first novel sees the title peasant girl die of TB after her lover is conscripted; that novel is titled Zaynab. A Nobel laureate from this country described a man who had children with names like Jesus, Moses and Muhammad in (*) Children of Gebelawi. That same author from this country was a co-patriot of Yusuf Idris and penned works like Sugar Street and Palace Walk. For 10 points, name this home to Naguib Mahfouz, author of the Cairo Trilogy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-420aba411e1b49739620640037147fcf",
            "input": "One of Nesper's criteria states that if a Zintl phase has this property, then that property must be temperature-dependent. Gorter developed an empirical equation describing absorption due to this property, and Al'tshuler developed a theory of (*) relaxation in lanthanides due to this property. Two theories of this property are named after Brilouin and Langevin. The van Vleck form of this property is temperature-independent, and its weakest form was explained in terms of Fermi-Dirac statistics by Pauli. Certain types of oximetry take advantage of the fact that oxygen has this property, which occurs above the Curie temperature. For 10 points, name this type of magnetism found in substances with unpaired electrons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-741fb72588444133bad0765c2d0cfa85",
            "input": "It's not Chicago, but a building in this city used a technique called \"walking the columns\" to support its curving floor slabs and facade. That building will soon be surpassed as the tallest residential building on its continent by Christian de Portzamparc's One57. This home of Frank Gehry's 8 Spruce Street is also home to a building whose Nirosta-clad crown features seven terraced arches; that William (*) van Alen building also features ornamentation resembling radiator caps. David Childs reworked a contest-winning design by Daniel Libeskind for a building in this city which stands 1,776 feet tall and features the America's Response Monument at its base. For 10 points, name this city, home to both the Chrysler Building and One World Trade Center.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a246d877bbc54d58bb3defd3c54abbbc",
            "input": "One of this man's overtures is normally performed in an arrangement made by Carl Bier for the Vienna premiere of the opera that it precedes. In that opera, one character is annoyed by her lover's hour-and-a-quarter-long violin concerto. In another of his operas, a soprano sings \"Les oiseaux dans la charmille.\" Various pieces by this composer were arranged by Manuel Rosenthal for the ballet (*) 'Gaite Parisienne.' An unfinished opera by him is partially set in Luther's tavern and contains the barcarolle \"Belle nuit, o nuit d'amour,\" which is sung by Giulietta and Nicklausse. That opera's title character recounts how he fell in love with Spalanzani's mechanical maiden Olympia in a segment inspired by \"The Sandman.\" For 10 points, name this composer of Orpheus in the Underworld and The Tales of Hoffmann.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0cb73e4cc316453985294ca2d52e7d7a",
            "input": "Part 1 of this work, which was originally meant to have a section called \"Christmas games with the Christ child,\" opens with an allegro impetuoso whose polyphony was inspired by the composer's recent studies of Bach and features a notable trombone motif. The \"Eternal-Feminine\" section of its 2nd part was admired when it premiered, and follows a section featuring Doctor Marianus while preceding an instrumental coda of the first part, a setting of the Latin hymn \"Veni, creator spiritus. \" For 10 points, identify this work whose second part is a setting of the final scene of Faust, the eighth symphony by Mahler, nicknamed for the large number of musicians who performed it.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7fa527aa45a45f287116ca443c4f38e",
            "input": "In one of the treaties which ended this war, one side ceded Bremen to Hanover and much of Pomerania\\n to Prussia. One side's navy accomplished its first ever naval victory at the Battle of Gangut. The Ottomans\\n temporarily entered this war but withdrew after their victory in the Pruth River Campaign. Poland's\\n Augustus the Strong was forced to abdicate after bowing out of this war with the Treaty of Altranstadt. One\\n side in this conflict was led by Charles XII, who defeated the Danes and won at Narva before losing at\\n Poltava and dying in 1718. For 10 points, name this war between Sweden and a coalition led by Russia's\\n Peter the Great.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-620fbc47b324490d83e60f3d22d69665",
            "input": "In one work by this author, the protagonist's first wife, Lucy, gives him sage advice on how to win his pastorate back, but John cheats on her again, and after her death he marries two more times before his death by train. In addition to Jonah's Gourd Vine, she also wrote a retelling of a Biblical book that combines the Scripture of Exodus with African-American culture. In addition to Moses, Man of the Mountain, this author wrote a work in which the protagonist is also married three times, although she outlives at least two of her husbands, one due to natural causes and one due to her own hand in self-defense. For 10 points, name this author of Their Eyes Were Watching God.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6232b225f07d4d29914d94b02669c5dc",
            "input": "He portrayed a baby standing upright in the mother's womb as she hushes another figure in The Maternity. A soldier points at a cup with his left index finger and points out a window with his right thumb in another work, and a two-faced man is seen in Paris Through The Window. His stained-glass works such as The Tribe of Levi can be found in the Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem, while other well known works include a Self-Portrait With Seven Fingers and several set in his hometown of Vitebsk. For 10 points, identify this artist of The White Crucifixion and The Green Violinist who is showed a large goat and a green-faced man in I and the Village.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c6b40e761894320a981fa6e4d6cf86f",
            "input": "This can be calculated with the Gibbs-Thompson or Young-Laplace equation, given the mean curvature of an interface. This quantity is related to the density change between liquid and vapor phases by the MacLeod Equation and it can be measured with a stalagmometer by the drop-weight method. Decreasing with increasing temperature, it is high in molecules exhibiting hydrogen bonding. Represented by gamma, FTP, identify this chemical concept, the cohesive force that must be overcome for a liquid drop to spread.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ed9741b23b44312b02ca0a5322eff0d",
            "input": "In a fetus, ghrelin is produced more in this organ than in the stomach, which is reversed in full-grown organisms. One bulge on this organ's surface is called the omental tuber, while some people have a second duct in this organ, known as the duct of Santorini. A lack of this organ's namesake polypeptide is linked to obesity in rats. This organ produces trypsinogen, the zymogen form of trypsin. One type of cell in this organ is stimulated by cholecystokinin and secretin. This organ's duct of Wirsung meets the bile duct at the ampulla of Vater, and transports enzymes produced by its acinar cells to the duodenum. For 10 points, name this organ whose islets of Langerhans secrete glucagon and insulin.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9e7a89103bc4672884e3365adf9b297",
            "input": "A mailboat arrives carrying the message of the title figures that everyone must die. The trouble is first noticed when the physiologist Dr. Gall begins to notice different grades of intelligence, pain, and heart flutters in his subjects. This play begins with a visit from the President of the Humanitarian League, Helena Glory, who later burns the formula for the central creations manufactured by Harry Domin's factory. In the end only Alquist is spared and he discovers a growing love between a copy of Helena and Primus. FTP, identify this drama about renegade robots by Karel Capek.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d5e3034450d24bcebfe325da36c07b73",
            "input": "Kleppner and Ramsey used a similar apparatus as this experiment to achieve population inversion in MASERS, and similar results were determined for ground-state hydrogen by Phipps and Taylor five years after this experiment. The phenomenon observed was due to torque effects causing precession in (*) dipoles which produced two spots on a photographic plate, rather than the classically predicted spread. The apparatus in this experiment consisted of a furnace of boiling silver, from which atoms were directed through a magnetic field before the silver beam split in two. FTP, identify this experiment conducted by and named for two Germans, in which the quantization of electron spin was confirmed.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a1b3305336a74208b0972792838e5679",
            "input": "Children of this god include Enbilulu, the lord of canals, and Ninazu, the lord of healing, and this god's wife bears the epithet \"Lady of the Air\". This god raped that wife to produce his first-born child, Sin the moon god. After this god was banished to the underworld he fathered Nergal. According to the legends of Nippur, where this god had a sacred gate, this god's servant was the son of Siris; that servant, the winged demon Anzu, is slain by this god's son, the heroic Ninurta, after stealing the Tablets of Destiny from this god. For ten points, name this Mesopotamian god of winds and lord of storms.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3585e2cd20654608b2edd6aa356fca8d",
            "input": "This artist depicted some people walking between sand dunes in the background as a woman holds a\\n black lamb and a basket beneath the title sculpture of one painting. His forays into pottery include the Jug\\n Self-portrait, which was a reaction to his relationship with a fellow artist. He painted a group of\\n church-going women dressed in black and white who see the scene of an angel wrestling Jacob in his \\nVision After the Sermon. This artist of The Green Christ painted a young man reaching upwards for fruit in\\n the center of a work which also depicts a blue idol. For 10 points, name this artist whose travels in Tahiti\\n inspired Where do we come from What are we Where are we going",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bd996b3df0194d3e9ab5e700ae8159e6",
            "input": "One quantity characterizing this process is proportional to temperature to the 3/2 power divided by a \"collision integral\" according to Chapman-Enskog theory. In a plasma, the presence of an electric field between ions and electrons causes them to experience this process at equal rates in an ambipolar form of this process. The previous quantity characterizing this process is proportional to the product of the mean free path and the mean velocity and it is equal to the square of the (*) step size divided by the time between steps when using a random walk to model this process. The flux of this process is equal to minus the product of a namesake coefficient and the concentration gradient by Fick's 1st law. For 10 points, name this process exemplified by osmosis where molecules move from regions of high to low concentration.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbeabedfc49f40f99e18124cf82ef63c",
            "input": "Near its end, the main characters follow the sound of a fire alarm to a warehouse being used as a makeshift movie theater and help rescue a mutual acquaintance. At one point in this novel, a character tells an anecdote about a former co-worker who was given a restaurant as a gift but lost it during romantic intrigue, then says that no one who does not have her job can understand the meaning of regular inspections for disease. The main character learns that a sick man he had recently encountered on a train was the former fianc of his own lover, and receives an offer from the kitchen laborer Yoko, who wants to work as a maid with benefits. A resort employee, Komako, has an affair with Shimamura in, for 10 points, what story about three visits to a geisha, a novel by Yasunari Kawabata",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee01956d55aa4c71a10e168531b7d6e0",
            "input": "His large altarpiece at St. Peter's, the Martyrdom of St. Erasmus, was a critical failure, but he recouped respect with works like the \"7 Sacraments\" series for Cassiano Pozzo. His first works were copies of Raphael, and differed distinctly from mature pieces like Death of Meleager and Death of Germanicus. Early commissions, including a set of illustrations of Ovid's Metamorphoses, were made in his adopted country. And though he worked almost entirely in Rome, he briefly returned to his native land in 1641 when Louis XIII asked him to decorate the Great Gallery of the Louvre. Landscapes like Landscape with Polyphemus are typical of, for 10 points, what baroque French artist of The Arcadian Shepherds and Holy Family on the Steps",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b93251a2ef54e988b3dba186b3013d0",
            "input": "One of this figure's grandsons, Cleitus, was abducted by Eos; another, Oicles, died while helping Heracles fight Laomedon. Those grandsons were fathered by this man's son Mantius, and this man's own father was Amythaon. This man helped his brother marry the daughter of Neleus, who stated that only someone who could steal the cattle of Phylacos could marry Pero. That brother, Bias, later fathered Talaus. This man once escaped a prison after correctly predicting that the ceiling above his cell would collapse. He eventually gained one third of the Kingdom of Argos by curing the impotence of Prince Iphiclus after learning that a knife Iphiclus had thrown had pissed off a hamadryad. For 10 points, name this man who gained insight from termites and vultures after saving the life of two snakes, a prophet from Greek myth who could communicate with animals.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4cda9086d6eb43798206f088d73de2fe",
            "input": "Its fifth movement uses a double-bass to play the melody of a waltz, while its eighth uses ill-tuned violin shrieks to depict Persons With Long Ears, and its eleventh uses badly-played scales to depict Pianists. Following the cello melody of the thirteenth movement, its finale turns into a playful dance after recapping the piano tremolo of its opening, The Introduction and Royal March of the Lion. For 10 points, name this work whose sections include Fossils, The Aquarium, and The Swan, by Camille Saint-Saens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89bae655a55d448b9b5d839e2bb17c1f",
            "input": "Believed to be the source for the Cambodian god Preas Prohm, this god once had his beard turned red by the powerful weapon of Jalamdhara and gave qualified immortality to Taraka. He was charmed by an arrow into screwing his daughter immediately after the birth of Kama. The temple at Pushkar is one of the few dedicated to this god, who sprouted a new head to look at Satarupa every time she moved. Born with a thousand thighs, heads, arms, and eyes as the being Purusha, he is attended by the swan Hamsa, and his wife is the goddess of learning Sarasvati. His masculine name is similar to the neuter word for the principle underlying the universe, as well as to the name of the highest caste. FTP, name this often four-headed and four-handed creator-god of Hinduism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e770c5c123574b19b81fd0322b163159",
            "input": "This composer's first cello concerto, which was memorized and premiered by Rostropovich after only four days, contains themes based on this composer's score to The Young Guard and his DSCH motif. The book Testimony contains the alleged memoirs of this composer, who used Franz Lehar's song \"You'll Find Me at Maxim's\" in one theme. After withdrawing his fourth symphony, this composer premiered a more conservative fifth symphony that he dubbed \"An artist's (*) creative response to justified criticism.\" This composer wrote symphonies nicknamed The Year 1905, The Year 1917, and Babi-Yar. For 10 points, name this Russian composer whose Seventh Symphony contains the \"invasion\" theme and is nicknamed for the siege of Leningrad.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a5d7899ba184d72b442051ff34592f5",
            "input": "This painter's Pastoral Concert, originally misattributed to Giorgione, his teacher, inspired Luncheon on the Grass. The titular female was seen impregnated by Zeus in his series on Danae, including one with a nursemaid, and Cupid and Venus attended a wedding in his Sacred and Profane Love. His most famous painting sees two maids in the background and a dog accompanying the titular goddess in the foreground, who reclines on a bed naked. For 10 points, identify this Italian painter of Venus of Urbino.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9879812b3085437f8cfa29d3502a5504",
            "input": "The protagonist of one of this author's stories erects a sign near a pond claiming that on the third day of the third month, the title creature will ascend to heaven. Another of his works sees a figure in paradise acknowledge that a sinner did a singular good deed by sparing the life of an insect in one of his works. That work by this author sees the Buddha lower the titular object to hell to allow Kandata to climb out. A servant steals a woman's clothes after witnessing her pluck hairs of a corpse under the titular gate in one work by this author of \"Ryu\" and \"The Spider's Thread\", who also wrote a work that opens with the testimony of a woodcutter who has found a dead man in the titular location. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of such short stories as \"Rashomon\" and \"In a Grove\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57a8c6b9a3f5438ca9369d3f185a1ee7",
            "input": "Elizabeths running with Ann in pursuit results in the trodding on of the title figure in The Use and Abuse of Toads, which was written by this author, who also wrote, The chestnut casts his flambeaux, and the flowers in another poem. This author wrote about those who followed their mercenary calling / And took their wages and are dead in Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries, while this author also wrote a work in which a dead character asks, Is my girl happy, one whose title character eats [his] victuals fast enough, and one whose narrator is advised to Give crowns and pounds and guineas / But not your heart away. Is my team ploughing, Terence, this is stupid stuff, and When I was one and twenty were written by, for 10 points, which author of A Shrophire Lad",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf66dfd93f914af98ca4aad3ec6a1eef",
            "input": "A poem about this god ends with him fathering a child with the daughter of Lelantos and killing the father of Pallene after wrestling him. An Orphic Hymn to this god describes how \"the forest once felt your feet quiver in the dance\" and addresses this god with the epithet \"Liknites.\" This god is the subject of the longest surviving Greek poem from antiquity, which was written by Nonnus. In one play, this god escapes capture by causing a king to mistakenly stab a shadow on a wall and starting an earthquake that destroys that king's palace. The pompe occurred during a festival to this god which included the performance of tragedies and comedies. In his most famous literary appearance, this god drives Autonoe, Ino, and Agave mad and causes them to rip Pentheus to pieces. For 10 points, name this protagonist of Euripides' Bacchae, a Greek god of wine.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f9b4c0730c742889299d2a7b64687d7",
            "input": "Later ceremonies devoted to this deity included the ritual washing of a black stone in the Almo River, while earlier ones included a festival known as the Megalesia. Proclus wrote a book on a late form of devotion to this figure which included a baptism in the blood of a sacrificed bull, known as the \"taurobolium. \"  Herodotus tells us that Anacharsis died in the process of introducing this figure to Scythia, while her original cult centered at Pessinus in Phrygia. Generally shown standing between two lions, she was associated with a male figure who was unfaithful to her, after which he went mad and castrated himself. FTP, name this goddess who was worshipped in Rome as Magna Mater and who was loved by Attis.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c367f4b3bc54ebcbcc5d8f15eaeaf16",
            "input": "A title character of one work by this author wears the costumes of his own characters, who include a boy who seeks revenge on the rats that ate his sister. Don Fermin's past as a prominent member of the underworld is revealed to his son in a novel by this author which recounts the meeting of Ambrosio and Santiago Zavala in a bar. This author of Conversation in the Cathedral also wrote about the cadets at the Leoncio Prado Academy in The Time of the Hero. In another work he interwove the romance of an employee of Radio Panamericana with the radio plays of Pedro Camacho. For 10 points, name this author of Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, a Nobel Laureate from Peru.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-586f9841332b43fda652e8adcddc1efa",
            "input": "The key step in the derivation of this statement is to realize that the forward and reverse partial current densities are equal in the relevant case and, therefore, that the term proportional to the logarithm of their ratio vanishes. Its formulation leads to the idea of a concentration cell, since it indicates one can create both sides of a battery from the same materials, provided different concentrations are used in each side. Probably most useful in determining unknown concentrations from a measured voltage, it states that the standard reference potential of an electrochemical cell is equal to the kinetic temperature divided by the total charge times the logarithm of the reaction quotient. FTP, name this equation of electrochemistry, which is named for a German scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1920.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a44c9396448149c7be3061530ff3b738",
            "input": "The cantata The Heirs of White Mountain triggered fame in his homeland for this composer, whose Carnival Overture formed part of his Nature, Life, and Love trilogy. In England, Joseph Barnby introduced his Stabat Mater, the first religious piece by this composer. His only violin concerto was premiered by Joachim after that of Brahms. He composed a work whose six movements is each a fleeting thought. A premiere by Victor Herbert convinced this composer to compose his second cello concerto in B minor, while time spent in Iowa convinced this composer of the American quartet, The Bells of Zlonice symphony, and the Dumky Trio to explore folk tunes in his ninth symphony. For 10 points, name this Czech composer who composed a symphony From the New World.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5dca5c7760214f7bace3f6d8dc7f6c36",
            "input": "The Durham Report urged for the union of this modern-day country's two parts. The explosion of the SS Mont-Blanc occurred in this country, whose first prime minister left office after accepting bribes over the construction of a transcontinental railroad in the (*) Pacific Scandal. Louisiana's Cajun culture originated from settlers in this country called Acadians. The Battle of the Plains of Abraham occurred in this country during the French and Indian War, and its Klondike Gold Rush resulted in the settlement of Yukon Territory. For ten points, identify this largest member of the British Commonwealth home to the province of Ontario. ANSWER: Canada",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cccef358fb048279208b02cf7efe4b3",
            "input": "The Providers order that Al-lith marry Ben Ata in one of this author's works, which is the second part of a series that ends with Krolgul and Klorathy returning to Shammat. In addition to The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four, and Five and The Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire, both part of this author's Canopus in Argos series, this author wrote about the birth of Ben to Harriet and David Lovatt in The Fifth Child and the cat-dog Hugo that accompanies Emily Cartwright in Memoirs of a Survivor. More well known works by this author include one in which Moses kills Mary, the wife of Dick Turner, and one in which stories from Anna Wulf's life are interspersed with excerpts from the novel Free Women. For 10 pointsname this author of The Grass is Singing and The Golden Notebook.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0efe1a352264db0934393fd7d3ad4a5",
            "input": "In a foreword, the author claimed that only thoroughness can be entertaining, and that is expressed in the novel itself, as it is presented in 7 parts, each representing a year that has taken place. Among other anecdotal occurrences, the protagonist clashes with and later comes to adore Mynheer Peeperkorn, and falls in love with a woman who reminds him of a boy he knew in school named Hippe, Clavdia Chauchat, all while participating in frequent debates between the optimistic Lodovico Settembrini and the pessimistic Leo Naphta. For ten points, name this novel in which Joachim Ziemssen receives a visit from his cousin Hans Castorp in a titular sanatorium, a 1924 work by Thomas Mann.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bbd1a16accf042bb98edde98f5eea55a",
            "input": "One of this man's poems was written after he visited the Fountain of Tears at the Khan Palace; that poem, \"The Fountain of Bakhchisy. \"In another of his poems, the protagonist looks at the empty plain / and the secret reason for his sadness / he did not dare to seek to discover; that protagonist is Aleko, who is one of the titular \"Gypsises. \" \"Gypsies\" is one of the Southern Poems that this man wrote while he was in exile, but a better known poem by this man sees the titular characters face off against the evil sorcerer Chernomor. This man's best known poem sees the titular statue of Peter the Great come to life in a Moscow square. For 10 points, name this author of Ruslan and Lyudmila and The Bronze Horseman, who also wrote the verse novel Eugene Onegin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-64964018d34d4981bfab783ad01207dd",
            "input": "The line-of-sight integral of electron column density to one of these objects is their \"dispersion measure,\" and so-called \"timing experiments\" done with these objects are employed to detect the Gravitational Wave Background. One of these objects was the first known star save the Sun to possess planets. Turbulence in the interstellar medium is commonly probed using the radiation from these objects. One class of these objects is thought to originate from two mechanisms, one of which is the \"spin-up\" of low-mass X-ray binaries, the \"millisecond\" variety. Another class of them rotates due to the decay of a powerful B-field. Starquakes are thought to cause glitches in the periods of these objects. For 10 points, name this class of neutron stars that emits electromagnetic radiation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c9ab5ba1d854bcb81578234bd292a4c",
            "input": "A work by this poet describes how the title object \"took dominion everywhere\" and \"did not give of   bird or bush\". Another of his poems tells how one must \"have been cold a long time / To behold the  junipers shagged with ice\". In another work, this poet does \"not know which to prefer, / The beauty   of inflections / or the beauty of innuendos\". His poem \"The Snow Man\" is included in a collection  whose two verses begin \"Take from the dresser of deal\" and \"Call the roller of big cigars.\" Name this  poet whose collection Harmonium  includes \"Anecdote of the Jar\", \"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a  Blackbird\", and \"The Emperor of Ice-Cream\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1dee5ac534a34e1394cfbb15ff8dafb0",
            "input": "He wrote a three-part work of essays containing histories of astronomy, ancient physics, and ancient logics and metaphysics. August Oncken noted a contradiction in this man's two major works that he dubbed this man's namesake \"problem. \" His first major work was an extension of his mentor Francis Hutcheson's philosophy and broke moral systems down into nature and motive categories. In addition to The Theory of Moral Sentiments, he wrote a work that used an example of a pin factory to underscore the importance of the division of labor and posited a force by which self-interest benefitted the general good, the \"invisible hand. \" FTP, name this author of The Wealth of Nations.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98f1dd846b1540a49370572b0d2df9f2",
            "input": "During the 1980s he wrote such books as A Memory of Murder and the collection of short stories The Toynbee Convector. His other recent works include the novel Green Shadows, White Whale, which is about writing a screenplay for Moby Dick. His first published work, Dark Carnival, is like many of his later books in that it is set in Green Town, which was based on his home of Waukegan. More famously, he has written such books as The October Country and The Golden Apples of the Sun. FTP, name this author of Something Wicked This Way Comes and Dandelion Wine, perhaps best known for the story of fireman Guy Montag in Fahrenheit 451.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79aa09fb622646cd826df0a67e145af4",
            "input": "This work's author sarcastically claims that people of his day are so potent and enflamed that they conceive as easily as a partridge hen hearing the voice of a cock, which prefaces his discussion of \"concealment\" and \"recognition\" as part of drama. It quotes Gloucester's \"I, then, am rudely stamped\" as exemplifying the formation of the demoniacal from the inability to endure pity. It repeatedly mocks the poet's necessary recourse to sympathy, including while discussing the heroism of a figure from Aristotle's Poetics who heeds the oracle at Delphi. This work's epilogue cites spice traders who threw cargo into the sea to raise prices and wonders if an analogous delusion is what the present generation needs. It ends speaking of a disciple of Heraclitus who wished \"only to go further. \" One section concludes that either \"faith never existed, because it has always existed\" or \" the individual as the individual is higher than the universal\", exemplifying one of the central paradoxes. Another section concludes that there is a telelogical suspension of the ethical. For 10 points, name this work which asks three questions regarding Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac, a work of Soren Kierkegaard.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63a488cedafc48a4bb3488689b2d4820",
            "input": "Its author tried to publish part of this novel as a short story called \"Bibi,\" but it was rejected by The Atlantic Monthly. Minor characters include the artist turned clerk Raul Innerarity as well as Virginian politician Governor Claiborne. A key symbol in this work is the Revolutionary War sword that Palmyre's husband, the African prince Bras Coupe, uses during an insurrection. This novel begins at a masked ball where a member of the title family falls in love with the mysterious Aurora Nancanou and much of the action revolves around the office of the newly arrived druggist, Joseph Frowenfeld, whose introduction to Creole society is traced in the work. FTP, name this novel about the gradual dissolution of a New Orleans family, the masterpiece of George Washington Cable.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5990aca8f39a44e184318b38072a8c0f",
            "input": "In a short story by this author, Alida Slade reveals that she had written a fake letter from Delphin to Grace Ansley inviting the latter to a rendezvous at the Colosseum in an attempt to get her sick with malaria. In a novel by this author, Fanny Beaufort's fiance Dallas visits Paris to meet with his father's former lover. In another novel by this author of (*) \"Roman Fever\", a debt to Gus Trenor and the schemes of Bertha Dorset ruin the social standing of the object of Lawrence Selden's love, Lily Bart. In another novel by this woman, May Welland reveals her pregnancy in order to prevent Newland Archer from running away to Europe with Ellen Olenska. For 10 points, name this author of The House of Mirth and The Age of Innocence.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58c78191fd8043e08ec1c779766c2347",
            "input": "He depicted a man in a suit of armor standing on a small boat and kissing a naked woman whose pudenda are obscured by a metal chain in his painting The Deliverance of Arsinoe. The titular nude figure dips her left leg into a pool of water while looking at a mirror behind which can be seen a bald, bearded man in his The Bathing Susanna. A figure hanging horizontally in space and wearing a red robe holds a baby which sucks at the breast of another naked woman in his The Origin of the Milky Way. His other works include Vulcan Surprising Venus and Mars and a notable 1594 version of the Last Supper. FTP, name this mannerist painter who was born Jacopo Robusti.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-821bc23e7ecc4740881cd6d2db122524",
            "input": "One theater of this war was decided by a protracted siege executed in turn by Peter Lacy and by Marshal Mnnich, and that engagement is notable for seeing this first historical fighting between Russian and French troops. A young Maurice de Saxe fought in this conflict despite the opposing side being led by his half-brother. Spain was drawn into this conflict by the newly signed Treaty of the Escorial, and after this conflict Tuscany was granted to Francis Stephen in recompense for the French seizure of his Duchy of Lorraine. Victory at Bitonto in this war allowed Don Carlos to invade Sicily and claim it as a Bourbon possession, and an attempted relief of the Siege of Philippsburg was conducted by Eugene of Savoy, who led his final campaigns in this war. The Treaty of Vienna ended this conflict, though its major belligerents, France and Austria, would fight again two years later in the War of the Austrian Succession. For 10 points, name this war of the 1730s which pitted Frederick Augustus II of Saxony against Stanislaw Leszczynsky for the right to the crown of Augustus the Strong.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b85eabc3bd6742268e51b509081d8472",
            "input": "One character in this work claims, \"repression is the only lasting philosophy\" after giving another character a gold coin to make up for the death of his child. That character, the Marquis St. Evremonde, is later murdered in his sleep by the father of the child he killed, and is left with a note reading, \"Drive him fast to his tomb. This, from Jacques\". The family of the Marquis had earlier been condemned \"to the last of their race\" by another character, despite the fact that his daughter would later marry the nephew of the Marquis, Charles Darnay. For 10 pointsname this work, containing Dr. Manette, Lucie Manette, Sydney Carton, and Madame Defarge, a novel about London and Paris by Charles Dickens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de8c1aefa7664caab30f88f006fc3c44",
            "input": "may contribute to the cerebral type of this disease as a result of up-regulation of ICAM-1. Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increases resistance to this disease, as do certain thalassemias. It causes the membranes of certain cells to become porous seconds before making them burst. Humans who are Duffy blood group negative are protected from one agent causing this disease that lacks redundancy in invasion pathways, P. vivax. Affected cells become deformed easily, leading to an outward diffusion of potassium that makes those cells less hospitable for P. falciparum in humans who are heterozygous for hemoglobin S. That heterozygosity, which also allows the spleen to preferentially destroy infected red blood cells, is sickle cell anemia. For 10 points, name this disease commonly treated with quinine which is caused by Plasmodium and transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2006345840a4979ba2773fe57be8253",
            "input": "A character in this novel is described as a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve, and caprice; and another character states \"I do not cough for my own amusement.\" In this work, Mary King is proposed to after inheriting ten thousand pounds, an incident described in a letter written to Mrs. Gardiner in London. The man who proposes to her, a disappointed military officer and unsuccessful gambler named George Wickham, eventually marries Lydia. Wickham is often at odds with the owner of Pemberley, Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy. Name this work about Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters, written by Jane Austen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffa313f27d2447e08735b1896a25269f",
            "input": "The protagonist of this story tries to avoid an old man from Pola whose dentures fall out of place as he shouts \"Our very best to your sweetheart! \" That old man resembles other characters, including a street entertainer and a man seen in the doorway of a mortuary chapel in Munich. The protagonist, the author of \"The Wretched Man\" and a prose epic about Frederick the Great, loses his luggage after arriving at the Hotel des Bains on Lido. The sweetish smell of disinfectant haunts him, and he becomes ill by eating some overripe strawberries. Finally, he is summoned to his fate by Tadzio, the Polish boy with whom he has fallen in love. FTP, name this Thomas Mann short story centering on Gustav von Aschenbach and his demise in an Italian city.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54a955a6cd004c9c993dfe9775811f43",
            "input": "The Kompaneets equation describes the time evolution of the energy distribution of particles that have participated in this process. The y-parameter was introduced by Sunyaev and Zeldovich, who studied the inverse type of this phenomenon in the cosmic microwave background. The Klein-Nishina formula calculates the differential cross section for this phenomenon, which reduces to a Thomson process in the limit of low photon energies. The change in wavelength that occurs in this process depends as the cosine of the angular change of the affected photon's direction. FTP identify this process in which a photon collides with an electron, resulting in a decrease in its energy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-980dcbafa6a647cc8988fc642d724697",
            "input": "His fourth symphony, often nicknamed Ode to Heavenly Joy, uses a Wunderhorn song for soprano, while his third is unnamed. His ninth and tenth symphonies are unfinished, while his second uses a certain Klopstock ode. His first symphony in D major is known as the Titan, while his sixth is known as the Tragic. For ten points, name this Austrian composer whose eighth symphony requires eight soloists, a double choir, and orchestra, and is thus known as the Symphony of a Thousand.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9c26de9d97d49dcbdd0e3d8c349752e",
            "input": "Background emissions from an object in this constellation led Johannes Hartmann to discover the interstellar medium, and ionized emissions within it are responsible for Barnard's Loop. An active site of stellar formation within this constellation, the Molecular Cloud Complex, houses the Flame Nebula as well as the Horsehead Nebula. Mintaka, Alnilam, and the brightest O star, Alnitak, form a distinctive linear asterism in this constellation. Bellatrix and Rigel are particularly bright stars here, and its star Betelgeuse forms the shoulder of its namesake hunter. For 10 points, identify this constellation with notable asterisms like its Shield and Belt.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb17f6f91bca48018d701c76c4617973",
            "input": "This man rejected Kant's \"intuitionism\" in favor of empirical observation in one work. He noted that it was \"better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied\" in arguing for the superiority of intellectual pleasures, like reading Wordsworth, over physical pleasures. This author of A System of Logic argued that the government should only take away a man's rights in order to prevent harm to another person in his On Liberty. He was influenced by the earlier work of Jeremy Bentham in formulating the \"greatest-happiness principle.\" For 10 points, name this British Utilitarian philosopher.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5a24b1843e14efa80e2a5782a6bd062",
            "input": "Like quaternary amines, they can also be used as phase transfer catalysts in liquid-liquid extractions, and Huang used a mixture of one of these compounds and cyclodextrin to separate primary amines via capillary electrophoresis. Polyglymes are a linear version of them, and three-dimensional ones are called cryptands, which are often used as ionophores. Charles Pederson first synthesized them by linking several catechols together, and isolated a product that could complex with potassium ions. Dioxane is the simplest example of, FTP, this type of macrocycle composed of repeating ethyleneoxy units, a special type of ether.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5493906e2e81471cb743e4c099a40640",
            "input": "The Tistian isthmus connects the volcanoes Concepcion and Madera which lie on Ometepe, the largest island in this body of water. Originally called \"sweet sea\" or \"Mar Dulce (Dool-sey)\" by the Spanish, its current name is derived from an Indian chief whose people lived on its shores. Linked to another large lake by the Tipitapa river, the San Juan drains out of it and forms a boundary with Costa Rica. FTP identify this only freshwater lake with sharks, the largest in Central America, which shares its name with a country that counts Managua as its capital.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3704fae31df44e4b805952a9d0f79521",
            "input": "In this country, confusion over whether the phrase \"bicycle combination\" referred to a pair of overalls or a motorcycle led to the accidental discovery of a Nazi spy. This country caused a diplomatic backlash when its heads of state and government both sent official condolences to Germany upon the death of Adolf Hitler. A secret plan to protect this country from a Nazi invasion was known as Plan W, which was drawn up after Leonhard Kaupisch was put in charge of an operation to conquer this country which was never launched. The television drama (*) Caught in a Free State depicts buffoonish attempts at inserting German spies into this country during World War II, which was referred to in this officially neutral country as \"The Emergency.\" For 10 points, identify this country which was targeted by the Nazi Operation Green and where a paramilitary group seeking reunification with Ulster collaborated with the Germans.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25a8bf4221f149fa81959a46bfef9ca0",
            "input": "The chiral ligand DIPAMP was used with this reaction by William S. Knowles to create an industrial process for the production of L-DOPA. Under conditions that would normally produce this reaction, benzyl ethers are cleaved to produce toluene and an alcohol. The enthalpy change of benzene undergoing this reaction can be used to estimate its resonance energy. The first efficient homogeneous catalyst used for this reaction was Wilkinson's. Another catalyst used for this reaction allows the production of cis-alkenes from alkynes and is Lindlar's catalyst. This reaction that can be catalyzed by Raney nickel when used to increase the amount of saturated fats in vegetable oil. For 10 points, name this reaction that involves adding the lightest element to a bond.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba05169d4eb54df98cc4607d7ba075da",
            "input": "In a modified form of this reaction, diethyl ether is used in the synthesis of cholestane. Other more notable modifications of this reaction include one that uses formic acid and ethanol to produce aryl alkenes and one that uses toluene in the Martin modification. One proposed mechanism uses a carbenoid intermediate, although it is agreed this reaction uses electrons supplied by the oxidation of a metal. It is analogous to another reaction run under basic conditions which can modified in a one pot process named after Huang and Minlon. For 10 points, identify this chemical reaction which uses zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid and, like the Wolff-Kishner reduction, reduces aldehydes or ketones to alkanes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-36b2ab07cdf043e7ba0f95b89380c827",
            "input": "In Chinese myth, the sun was said to rise from one of these called Fusang in the east and to set by one called Ruomu in the west. Jason was told by a talking one of these in Dodona to build the Argo. After Muhammed had a pulpit built from which to preach, one of these by which he used to stand began to weep. After death, because of their generosity to the disguised Zeus and Hermes, the old couple Baucis and Philemon were transformed into two of these intertwining. Inhabited by Dryads in Greek myth, FTP what are these entities, one of which in Norse myth is inhabited by the squirrel Ratatosk and is called Yggdrasil",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4604054c7a824e9ea3ef39885a97920b",
            "input": "A second-order version of this effect was derived by Opik and Price and results from mixing between states, while determining the adiabatic potential energy surface for systems undergoing this effect leads to the \"Mexican Hat\" potential. UV-vis spectra for systems undergoing it show splitting of bands, and this effect explains the structure of the cyclooctatriene anion. This phenomenon is responsible for the sharp vertical transition line between low-spin and high-spin states in some Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, and another version of this effect occurs because orbital angular momentum defines the parity of the wavefunction in linear molecules, a version partly named for Renner. It occurs most strongly in systems in which the e sub g orbitals are unevenly occupied, forcing them into a lower energy state. For 10 points, name this effect in which a molecule is distorted in order to break degeneracy and lower energy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-388b60e38aa54de1ad0001586c86dcfc",
            "input": "Tri-phenyl-phosphine and diethyl azo-di-carboxylate are used to transform this class of organic compounds into other compounds such as esters and various types of ethers via the Mitsunobu reaction. An ester can also be formed from a carboxylic acid and one of these with the help of an acidic catalyst in a process known as Fischer esterification, and they must be made into good leaving groups, often with tosylate or mesylate, before they can undergo nucleophilic substitution. For 10 points, identify this class of organic compounds, represented by the general formula R-OH.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d4bb7122bbf4bbaa43412e0384f70a1",
            "input": "The actions of this painting were the subject of Florent Dancort's Les trois cousines. A second incarnation of this painting features an extra figure holding a man in a billowing blue cloak on her lap in the lower right. That version clearly depicts a plumed helmet and shield resting against a gigantic pedestal at right, while two flying creatures chase each other near the center. In both versions, a dog looks expectantly back at a woman in yellow and a man with a walking stick in red, and next to them a man in blue and red helps a woman off the ground. Flying cherubs cavort around a waiting ship that pairs of lovers trot downhill to board in, FTP, what rococo painting by Jean Watteau",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-944deb227225455bb45c1ad566b1597e",
            "input": "He exiles Maricha to a distant island using his bow Kodanda, but that monster returns as a golden deer. Later, he forces his wife to walk through a fire in order to prove her purity, though he never actually doubted her. As a gesture of respect, his brother leaves this figures sandals upon the throne after his banishment, which is due to the scheming of Kaikeyi. His brother Lakshmana accompanies him in exile, and another one of his allies is a son of the wind god Vayu. Despite the efforts of Jatayu, his wife is abducted by Ravana, but after allying himself with Hanuman and several other figures, he manages to rescue her. FTP, name this king of Ayodhya, husband of Sita, and seventh avatar of Vishnu, the namesake of an Indian epic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-034389ec01aa4c61a7e7e39f3e202010",
            "input": "This man argued that judges made decisions based on \"felt necessities\" in one text. He declared that an intent to do harm was crucial in deciding libel cases in his pamphlet, \"Privilege, Malice and Intent\". He wrote the majority opinion stating that Major League Baseball was exempt from the Sherman Antitrust Act. A criticism of one of his opinions by Zechariah Chafee may have inspired him to dissent in a related case about a (*) pamphlet published in Yiddish, the Abrams v. US case. He infamously declared that \"three generations of imbeciles are enough\" in his majority opinion in Buck v. Bell and also wrote for the majority in Debs v. US. For 10 points, name this Supreme Court justice who wrote about shouting fire in a crowded theatre in the Schenck case.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-375be639acfa4c5b8ef4b406104530da",
            "input": "According to a rabbinical source named for Zebediah, this man used the phrase \"bring the blood\" in Leviticus to argue that laymen could sacrifice animals. He delivered speeches at locations such as Mizpah and Gilgal, and after hearing the bleating of sheep, this man sliced King Agag into pieces. This son of Elkanah was trained until the age of 13 by a priest from Shiloh named Eli, and his spirit was briefly resurrected after death by the (*) Witch of Endor. He was born after intense nighttime prayers by Hannah, his previously barren mother. For 10 points, name this Judge and prophet who anointed Saul and King David, whose two namesake Biblical books precede First Kings.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-75f4e401bf9649dfa1b8f9f75b2452eb",
            "input": "This man's written works include a collection of 52 essays entitled Kindergarten Chats and The Autobiography of an Idea. His namesake T-shaped bungalow was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina, while a building this man originally designed for R. Deimel & Brothers, the Dexter Building, was destroyed in a 2006 fire. Larry Millet's book The Curve of the Arch is about another building designed by this man that features two huge arched windows and green terracotta trim, the National Farmer's Bank of Owatonna. His only work in New York is the Bayard Building, and he criticized Daniel Burnham for that man's classicism after designing the modernist Transportation Building for the Columbian Exposition. His other Chicago buildings include his last collaboration with Dankmar Adler, the Carson, Pirie, Scott Building, and he also designed Clinton, Iowa's Van Allen Building. For 10 points, identify this Chicago School architect of St. Louis's Sullivan building, who believed that \"form follows function. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b81b38e69774265a081598b7048383e",
            "input": "One of this author's works depicts Anguish planting her black flag on the speaker's bowed skull and begins by describing \"when the low, heavy sky weighs like a lid / on the groaning spirit.\" In another of his poems, the title \"kings of the sky, clumsy, ashamed, / Pathetically let their great white wings / Drag beside them like oars\" as sailors capture them. This author of \"Litanies of Satan\" and \"The Albatross\" opened one collection with a poem addressing the \"hypocrite reader,\" which hails a type of boredom called ennui. For 10 points, name this French Symbolist poet, who included poems called \"Spleen\" in his collection Les Fleurs du mal.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f80d77e2443f451ab95fc84f4f68f2f9",
            "input": "One of this author's protagonists tells his Nationalist captors that Ramon Gris is in a cemetery to protect his real hideout, not knowing Ramon has since moved to that cemetery. In a play by this man, a character with no eyelids works for his uncle as a Valet. This writer of \"The Wall\" retold the Orestes myth in a play whose title creatures represent the Furies. This author is best known for a play set in a \"Second Empire\" room inhabited by the lesbian clerk Inez and Joseph Garcin, who proclaims that \"Hell is other people.\" For 10 points, name this French Existentialist author of The Flies and No Exit.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a941c24aa8c406abbdde3c481d72763",
            "input": "This man was described as a \"philosopher of multiplicity\" in the final section of Emerson's Representative Men. He poetically accused Friedrich Nicolai of defecating on the grave of one of his characters, while another of his characters visits an inn which bears the motto \"ubi homines sunt, modi sunt\" and travels to the Pedagogical Province with his son Felix. That character puts on a performance of Hamlet before joining the (*) Tower Society in the first novel this man wrote about him. He also wrote a novel whose protagonist is buried under a linden tree after an awkward nighttime reading of Ossian prompts him to shoot himself in order to assure Albert and Lotte's happiness. For 10 points, name this creator of Wilhelm Meister, the German author of The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6998725d2f56454a86f9a6e7c6f917c4",
            "input": "The canonical form of this is the partial derivative of the Lagrangian with respect to the generalized velocity. For a photon, it is the energy divided by the speed of light, while Newton's second law states that force equals its time derivative. For ten points, what quantity is sometimes written as the product of the mass times the velocity",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-269045a12ff64c90a191fb5cddb27311",
            "input": "An oracle instructed the inhabitants of this city to hold an annual swinging festival to stop an outbreak of girls hanging themselves in imitation of Erigone. That outbreak occurred after a group of shepherds from this city mistook wine for poison and killed Icarius during the reign of king Pandion. Another king of this city had daughters named Aglauros, Pandrosos and Herse, who were told never to look inside a willow basket containing a child born when Hephaestus's semen impregnated Gaia. That child became the second autochthonous king of this city, and he was half snake like this city's founder Cecrops, who ruled in favor of an olive tree over a spring in a contest between Poseidon and this city's patron goddess. For 10 points, name this city whose kings included Aegeus and Theseus, named for the Greek goddess of wisdom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c6738ba4cb74a678be3d2ebf341679e",
            "input": "In the Wilton Diptych, this ruler appears holding a ring behind Richard II. This ruler gathered ships to prevent an invasion by King Magnus of Denmark, and sent Siward, Earl of Northumbria, to invade Scotland. Early in his life, this king escaped to Normandy after he and his brother Alfred led a revolt against Harold Harefoot. He named Robert Champart Archbishop of Canterbury, which caused a rebellion led by Godwine, the earl of Wessex, and repealed the Danegelt after succeeding Hardicanute. This son of Emma ordered the construction of Westminster Abbey, and named Harold Godwinson as his successor. Ruling from 1042 to 1066, FTP, name this penultimate Anglo-Saxon king of England, a son of Ethelred the Unready nicknamed for his piety.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0151ecb6c9241b5825a329875bd7faa",
            "input": "This thinker wrote a work in which the title institution limited economic development by encouraging adjustment to adversity rather than innovation and promoting insulating family ties. He also wrote an essay in which the title profession is something lived for, or something lived off of, and the third section of a work by him discusses charismatic, traditional, and rational-legal types of the title concept. In addition to The Religion of China and Politics as a Vocation, and \"The Types of Authority and Imperative Co-ordination\", part of The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, this man also wrote a book in which one of the title concepts resulted in more thriftiness and higher productivity, resulting in stronger development of the title economic system. For 10 points, who is this German sociologist and political scientist, who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e20f1643f289491d863753673de60be7",
            "input": "A recent 2007 biography notes the growing bitter expatriatism evident in this authors stories Hudson River Bracketed, The Gods Arrived, and Twilight Sleep. She criticized Victorian interior design principles for creating stuffy uncomfortable rooms in a book coauthored with Ogden Codman, The Decoration of Houses. One of her novels describes the sexual awakening of Charity Royall, while another focuses on Undine Spragg, who is forcibly and ineffectively launched into Manhattanite society after eloping with local cad Elmer Moffat. In addition to Summer and The Custom of the Country, another of her novels ends with the marriage of May Welland to the gentlemen lawyer Newland Archer. FTP, name this author who won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for The Age of Innocence.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b925ef97908c428c8eae914300012929",
            "input": "novel ends with its heroine crying and the narrator worrying of her tears that \"these were not the last she was destined to shed. \" That character is interviewed by the young journalist Matthias Pardon and is courted by Henry Burrage. In the climactic scene of this novel, its protagonist decides against giving a much anticipated speech at the Music Hall. The hardworking Dr. Prance is contrasted with the heroine's father, the mesmerist quack Dr. Selah Tarrant. That heroine is immediately accepted into this novel's central social circle after delivering an enthralling address at a gathering hosted by the septuagenarian Mrs. Birdseye. In this novel, Verena Tarrant is groomed by Olive Chancellor to be a spokesperson for the feminist movement, but runs away with the lawyer Basil Ransom. For 10 points, name this Henry James novel named for the residents of a New England city.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9622d1837cbd48508e78e16148cd80a3",
            "input": "Hans Delbruck has famously argued against the significance of this battles outcome, but other historians like Stephen Runciman agree that it was monumental. The losing commander was blinded and exiled to the island of Proti after losing his left wing commanded by Bryennios. One general led forces accompanying the Pechenegs to Khliat, but then defected to Melitene and never fought in the battle, which saw the betrayal of Andrikos Doukas. One side was led by Alp Arslan and the other by Romanus IV, after a certain refusal to give up the siege of Edessa. FTP, name this battle of 1071 CE fought in Eastern Anatolia between the forces of the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Turks.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cec54f5b36b041ce9fd72ee90ecfbb4f",
            "input": "In political thought, this man contributed a comparison of socialism, anarchism, and syndicalism, three of the titular Roads to Freedom. In another work sometimes viewed as a sequel to his What I Believe, he critiqued organized religion and as a whole, writing that \"No one can sit at the bedside of a dying child and claim to believe in God\" in an attempt to explain Why I Am Not a (*) Christian. Other works by this man include one written with Alfred North Whitehead, in which he explained the whole of mathematics in terms of logical expressions. For 10 points, name this modern British philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f8aa75c57764751b42780176804b680",
            "input": "The Bargello museum is located in this city, which also contains the Santo Spirito Basilica and the cathedral of San Lorenzo. Calcio Storico is traditionally played here, and this city is also home to the Explosion of the Cart celebration. The current mayor of this city was initially arrested, and then fined for ordering trees to be cut down to build its tram system, and has also sued Wikipedia for slander and libel; his name is Leonardo Domenici. The hills around this city include Poggio Imperiale and Carreggi, and are collectively called the Senese Clavey Hills. A bridge over the river running through it contains an elevated corridor to the Palazzo Pitti and is called the Ponte Vecchio. For 10 points, identify this city on the Arno historically ruled by the Medicis, the capital of Tuscany.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09a7cbdba54e42938e7df3de1db4aedf",
            "input": "One corollary to this equation gives the ratio of activity to mole fraction for the constituents of a binary system as the ratio of derivatives of activities with respect to mole fractions at constant pressure and temperature. It can be derived by substituting the temperature and pressure Maxwell relations into the usual differential of the Gibbs function, then equating the differential of the definition of the Gibbs function as a sum over species only. It sets differential pressure time volume equal to entropy times differential temperature plus sum over species of particle number times differential chemical potential. For 10 points, name this equation used in the usual derivation of the rule that the number of species plus the number of degrees of freedom minus the number of phases equals two.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-acffcf531591465b8b76f7a804712a91",
            "input": "Karman's \"logarithmic law of the wall\" describes the behavior of this phenomenon near an unbounded wall. One treatment of this behavior assumed that at small length scales, local motions are isotropic, and the timescale associated with that theory is given as the square root of the viscosity divided by the energy dissipation rate. The integral length scale associated with it is related to the size of eddies formed in this regime, and the onset of this regime typically occurs at values of 4000 for the Reynolds number. For 10 points, identify this regime characterized by the chaotic flow of fluids, a type of flow which may be occasionally experienced on airplanes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcb55c1e27e04c9cacf511597959ca19",
            "input": "In this man's namesake effect, a magnetic field rotates the plane of polarized light. This man was the first to produce sub-freezing temperatures in the laboratory, and he developed the laws of electrolysis. This man developed the idea of \"\"lines of force\"\" to describe electric and magnetic fields, and invented the first (*) dynamo. His namesake law states that the negative time rate of change of the magnetic flux through a closed loop equals the induced emf (E-M-F) in the loop. For 10 points, name this English physicist who demonstrated induction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a35274f074c94847bd032c0d5e3325ea",
            "input": "In one section the author compares a belief in corporeality with idolatry, while another discusses God's multiple intelligences. Its last chapter focuses on wisdom and the perfectibility of man, and it notes that the fourth and final kind of perfection can only be achieved through faith. Interspersed throughout the text are references to the mystical Merkabha section of the book of Ezekiel. Its introductory sections include \"Directions for the study of this work\" and \"On Method,\" the latter of which addresses the inconsistencies commonly found in the Mishnah. Written in the form of a letter to the author's student, it attempted to allay Joseph ben Judah's religious confusion. For 10 points, identify this 1190 treatise written in Arabic, an attempt to reconcile Aristotle with Judaism, by Maimonides. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4c49ab05310646bcae1976f8af0b807e",
            "input": "This work consists of an introduction and five chapters whose titles include \"Religious Affiliation and Social Stratification\", \"Luther's Conception of the Calling and the Task of the Investigation\", and \"The Religious Foundations of Worldly Asceticism\". The author attempts to explain one reason for the modern view that turning a profit is virtuous, claiming that the psychological need for clues concerning whether one was saved ot damned led many Calvinists to seek worldly success, sparking the modern \"spirit of capitalism\". FTP, what is this major work by Max Weber",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-715d89ee4fb44a57b0d2a95e6eccb1c1",
            "input": "This painting was originally located together with Pallas and the Centaur in Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco's house. Possibly inspired by a Poliziano poem, this work includes a god who uses a caduceus to dissipate some clouds. On the right side of this painting, the god of the west wind chases a figure who turns into a goddess and scatters flowers. The three Graces are shown dancing in this painting. whose center depicts a clothed Venus standing in an orange grove. For 10 points, name this painting by Sandro Botticelli whose title is the Italian word for \"spring.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cac1d4817fef4903b91dd96e00a63e59",
            "input": "He once conspired with Hera and Athena to put Zeus in chains; later, he killed the giant Polybotes with an island. Some stories claim that he was raised by the Telchines or hidden in a flock of sheep by Arne at the request of Rhea instead of suffering the fate of most of his siblings. He sent a monster to attack Troy after Laomedon failed to reward him for helping Apollo build walls, and later sent another monster to devour Laocoon. His horse lost to Athenas olive tree in the contest for Athens, his children include Polyphemus and Triton, and his wife is Amphitrite. For 10 points, identify this brother of Hades and trident-wielder, the Greek god of horses and the sea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-61083923afab4ec4889bb75c816ebef1",
            "input": "Menestheus became king of Athens after slandering this figure, while for a time this figure was trapped in the underworld along with his friend Pirithous. This figure had originally traveled to the underworld to capture Persephone for his friend after they had kidnapped Helen, and on another famous journey, he defeated Cercyon in wrestling, stretched Sinis between his two trees, and placed Procrustes in his own torturous bed. This is, for 10  points, what hero who slew the Minotaur and caused his father's death by raising a black sail",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2359185015b84530bbd3b2128ab890ee",
            "input": "His Minister of Mines and Oil, K.D. Malviya, was removed from office after an investigation by Judge Pathak found him guily of taking kickbacks, while the M.C. Chagla Commission removed his corrupt Finance Minister, T.T. Krishnamachari. His political defeats included the election of party leader P.D. Tandon and the election of President Rajendra Prasad, while political victories included his selection over Patel as Head of Government. Accomplishments in the international sphere included a water treaty with Ayub Khan, the invasion of Goa, and, along with Josip Tito, founding the Non-Aligned Movement. For ten points, name this first Prime Minister of India.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79a9ba63969b4b3795abddd9c1c6e795",
            "input": "The Baldwin-Lomax and Cebeci-Smith models are algebraic models of this process, while the Prandtl model is a one-equation model of it. In modeling this process, one often averages the stress tensor over time, a strategy known as the Boussinesq approximation. During this process, the smallest scales are known as the Kolmogorov scales, and objects immersed in an environment undergoing this process experience vortex shedding. The Richardson number provides a measure of the strength of this process, and its onset is governed by the ratio of inertial to viscous forces. FTP, identify this type of chaotic flow which occurs at high Reynolds numbers and which is contrasted with laminar flow.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab9c8a39892a4f66b05a04706fca6e7d",
            "input": "One commander during this conflict was surprised when Victor Amadeus II, the duke of Savoy left Turin with 6,000 cavalry soldiers. One battle during this conflict saw forced led under John Campbell, the 2nd Duke of Argyle attack a fortified posoition with Count Schulenberg. One of the principal commanders during this war was married to Sarah Jennings, who fought battles at (*) Oudenarde and Ramillies. Marshall Tallard died in one conflict during this battle, which saw the Duke of Marlborough assist Emperor Leopold by preventing Louis XIV of France from advancing to Vienna. Concluded with the Peace of Utrecht, for 10 points, name this war whose battles include Blenheim, named for a country whose ruler at that time was Philip the V.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c71d72151c6844fda6c16d938a85c700",
            "input": "His first political efforts involved him working with George Padmore to organize a 1945 meeting in Manchester. This man was part of a group with J. B. Danquah, although Danquah would later end up running against him in elections and being thrown in prison by him for dissent. This man formed the Convention People's Party in 1949, after splitting from Danquah's United Gold Coast Convention, although his actions in making it the sole party in his home country would lead to his downfall. After dubbing himself \"the Redeemer\", he was overthrown in a military coup while on a state visit to China in 1966. For 10 points, who was this man, co-organizer of the Fifth Pan-African Congress and the first president of Ghana",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e455a5c4fbbb4bf7966f99bac3c072b6",
            "input": "This was the name of the first vehicle planned for the canceled Constellation program of missions to the Moon and Mars, and is the name of the first nebula to be photographed. The constellation of this name contains a red giant 950 times as large as the Sun, as well as the gamma star Bellatrix. The two primary stars of this constellation have names meaning \"\"the left leg of the giant\"\" and \"\"the giant's shoulder. \"\" For 10 points, Rigel and Betelgeuse (BAY-tell-\"\"juice\"\") are found in what constellation with both a \"\"sword\"\" and a \"\"belt\"\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-182898b3616e4e65a95b222b1b71edae",
            "input": "Although the word was developed in the 18th century by the philosopher Johann Lambert to apply to the study of distinguishing truth from illusion, the philosophical movement associated with it did not develop until the 20th Century. This school believed that it is possible to obtain insights into the essential structures of perceived reailty on the basis of a careful study of concrete examples supplied by experience. FTP, name this philosophical school, inspired by the slogan \"To the things themselves\" inspired by its founder, Edmund Husserl",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76f73252a5534bc7852f532d10c85f8a",
            "input": "One character created by this author has a heart attack while playing in a cimbalom band after organizing the poorly attended Ride of the Kings. A character in another of this authors novels abides by the rule of threes for committing infidelity and is given the epitaph He wanted the Kingdom of God on Earth after dying in a car accident while working at a dairy collective. Ludvik Jahn writes Optimism is the opium of the people! on a postcard, resulting in his expulsion from the Communist Party in this authors The Joke. For 10 points, name this Czech author who wrote about the photographer Terezas relationship with the Tomas in The Unbearable Lightness of Being.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a04a94bdf95041a1a0afc32660e96b93",
            "input": "This novel, which was tentatively titled \"My Aunt's Story,\" has a fascinating seventeenth chapter, in which the author explains her aims for the novel. Among the memorable descriptive sections are those of Hall Farm, Bartle Massey's school, and various other locations in Hayslope. By the end, Seth is resigned to the marriage of his love, a Methodist preacher, to his brother, who has reconciled with Arthur Donninthorne. FTP, name this work that ends with the marriage of the title character and Dinah Morris, and includes the infanticide committed by Hetty Sorrel, a tale about a carpenter written by George Eliot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96ce432b87374db1a14edcd5895d1a41",
            "input": "He took Conrad, the young king of Arles, under his protection, and eventually married Conrad's sister Adelheid to get a claim to the Italian throne. After suppressing a revolt led by his son Liudolf, he defeated the Magyars at Lechfeld, went to pick up the Italian crown after Pope John XII asked him for protection, and married his son to Theophano, the daughter of the Greek emperor. FTP, name this ruler, whose brother Bruno was Archbishop of Cologne and the leader of a German cultural revival, who was the eldest son of Henry the Fowler, ruled as Saxon emperor from 936 to 973, and was nicknamed \"the great. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3a79af170924d26a42775c697a5d5a7",
            "input": "This chemist is named with Johnson and Ireland in reactions that are variants of his namesake reaction. A ketone and aromatic aldehyde react in a process named for this man and J.G. Schmidt. The thermal conversion of an allyl phenyl ether to an ortho-allyl phenol, by way of a cyclo-hexa-die-none intermediate, is his namesake rearrangement. The Dieckmann reaction is an intramolecular version his most famous reaction, and occurs with esters of dicarboxylic acids forming five or six-membered rings. FTP, name this German chemist, the namesake of the condensation that happens when two esters form a beta-keto ester.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-137b7eb7cab44a5fa48fe0a7187d856c",
            "input": "In one story, he made the bitter waters at Marah sweet by throwing in a tree that God showed to him. During one battle, the Amalekites were vulnerable as long as his hands remained in the air, prompting two other men to hold up his arms until the sun went down. At the request of God, he once cast his staff to the ground, causing it to become a snake, a feat later replicated by his older brother. The younger son of Amram and Jochebed and the brother of Miriam, he brought a variety of plagues on the land of Egypt to convince the pharaoh to release the Israelites. For 10 points, name this brother of Aaron who received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58c7a43f68dd4edba337ab4c5d841720",
            "input": "One important early scene in this novel occurs when the protagonist opts to take a walk in town, delaying the opening of his mail by two hours. Another important scene occurs between the acts of a play depicted in this novel, when a major character is introduced. There is ambiguity over whether the affections of one character in this novel rest with Jeanne or her mother. The tension in this novel increasing when the Pococks arrive in town, although one of them has the ulterior motive of gaining control of the mills at home. The protagonist of this novel was sent on his trip by his fiance from Woollett, Massachusetts, Mrs. Newsome; that mission is to travel to Paris to retrieve her son, Chadwick, from his affair with the Comtesse de Vionnet. For 10 points, identify this novel about the doomed love between Maria Gostrey and Lambert Strether, a Paris-set Henry James novel.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5ebd9284a8640da814a4e3953475bd3",
            "input": "This country's El Oriente region is the source of the source of the Napo and Putumayo rivers. The port cities of Manta and Esmeraldas lie on the western coast of this country, which also controls the Floreana and Isabela Islands. Mountains in this country include Tungurahua, Illiniza, and Pichincha. The Charles Darwin Research Station is located in this country, and its second highest peak is (*) Cotopaxi. The farthest point from the center of the earth, Chimborazo, is located in this country, which saw a 1822 meeting between Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar in Guayaquil. Along with Chile, it is one of only two South American countries that do not have a border with Brazil. For ten points, name this country which controls the Galapagos Islands and has its capital at Quito.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84619038652042caa4fb17a8b20bc9bb",
            "input": "It is thought with communion with this figure can be achieved through Haoma. He is unequivocally linked with atar, while his consort is linked with aban, principles embodied in shrines to this figure known as Fire Temples. He is the defender of Asha, and the model for the doctrine of good thoughts, good words, good deeds as iterated in the Gathas. Zurvanists consider this opposer of the daevas to be no greater than his rival, but he is clearly depicted better than Angra Mainyu in the Zend Avesta. FTP, identify this supreme deity of Zoroastrianism, the leader of the angelic Ahuras.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f370b3a998f4446b451dc62d3bb114d",
            "input": "Due to persistent stagflation in the 1970s, he led the attack on the controversial Phillips curve, which was a tool often used to promote Keynesian economics. While teaching economics at the University of Chicago, he published the essay The Methodology of Positive Economics. In A Monetary History of the United States, he argued that government intervention and federal banking caused the Great Depression. That book established him as the leading proponent of monetarism. FTP name this American economist, one of the leading advocates of laissez-faire economies and author of Capitalism and Freedom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28df71957d874794b203efbcda9d471f",
            "input": "A mostly fabricated discussion of a rainy burial in this work follows a scene in which one character unsettles the protagonist with her burning eyes, which that protagonist describes as feral, in a darkened room he had come to looking to assault a man after embarrassingly arriving an hour early to a dinner. That man, an inheritor who the protagonist criticizes for peasant girl-related debauchery, mirrors a military man who earlier prompts the main character to purchase a beaver collar, for which he borrows money from Anton, his boss. The narrator is obsessed with the phrase two and two is four and clashes with Ferfichkin and Simonov over a going-away party for Zverkov, which prompts a trip to a brothel and later an exchange with the vulture-like Apollon. The kindly prostitute Liza is ultimately spurned by, FTP, the protagonist of what early existentialist novel consisting of the titular correspondences, written by Fyodor Dostoevsky",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af5775416b7f4fbcadc6cae665dbb305",
            "input": "This man both wounded and was wounded by Humphrey Marshall, who opposed a resolution by this man that dictated the type of fabric that could be worn by legislators in a certain body. That legislation was a predecessor to a better-known (+) policy by this man whose components included a high tariff and the continued existence of the Bank of the United States. In addition to the American System, this man was responsible for legislation that was passed in response to concerns over the passage of the (*) Wilmot Proviso, and ended the balance of free and slave states. For 10 points, name this legislator whose negotiation of the Compromise of 1850 led him to be dubbed \"\"The Great Compromiser. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8d02613dd9b4892821e60f9a2265820",
            "input": "He left the novel Answered Prayers incomplete at his death, and his last finished work was the novel Music for Chameleons. The two most important themes in his works were homosexuality and the lost child, as demonstrated by his collections A Tree of Night and Other Stories and One Christmas. However, he is better remembered for the journalistic style of his longer fiction works, such as The Grass Harp and The Thanksgiving Visitor. FTP, identify this American author of Other Voices, Other Rooms who chronicled the adventures of Holly Golightly in his Breakfast at Tiffany's.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4806dd90b8e14028a338bf08624b2b1c",
            "input": "This work notes that the central subject must be considered as a \"discourse\" in the sense defined by Foucault and arising from a dynamic created by Edward Lane and Louis Massignon. The author of this work repeatedly identifies as a humanist, vilifies Ernest Renan, and largely avoids examdining German and Russian forms of the central subject. Feminist critiques often focus on this work's discussion of the short story \"Herodias\" and Gustave Flaubert's encounter with Kuchuk Hanem. This work sparked a vitriolic debate in The New York Review of Books between the author and Bernard Lewis, identified as the leading modern practitioner of the academic form of the central subject, which it defines as a politically-charged power relationship ultimately serving imperialism. Declaring that accounts from men like Lord Byron and Napoleon have led to the West's false conceptualization of the Middle East, for 10 points, identify this landmark 1978 work by Edward Said.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b85f4ad2f67d41bc99cd66b229cb4f5d",
            "input": "A character in this play expresses her frustrations with her son by exclaiming, \"Men! Men! Men!\" Clara makes cutting remarks in this play after reading social criticism by H.G. Wells. In the second act of this play, Alfred is prevented from striking his daughter by a concerned nobleman; later, Alfred inherits four thousand pounds after a satirical letter sent to Ezra D. Wannafeller is taken seriously. The central plot of this play is resolved by the testimony of the Hungarian nobleman Nepommuck, and the main female character later marries Freddy Eynsford Hill. Colonel Pickering offers the central wager of this play, which originates when the speech of a flower-girl is transcribed. For 10 points, name this play in which Henry Higgins trains Eliza Doolittle to speak like an upper-class lady, written by George Bernard Shaw.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2b3d7d3450d46bdad7825c7f3a94c4d",
            "input": "Robert Orme wrote that the victorious general at this battle voted against action at a June 21 council of war, but after meditating in a grove for an hour returned and called for battle the next day. The losing leader at this battle had been beset by intrigues led by Ghaseti Begum, who had desired her nephew Shawkat Jang to have his title, and Begum had enlisted the merchant Umichand and banker Jagat Sheth to bribe one of the losing leader's generals, a payment transacted in that general's woman's quarters. The victorious general's attack violated the Alinagar Treaty, so named for the new designation of Fort William, where it was signed after the losing leader at this battle took Calcutta. The battle itself turned when a cannon blast killed General Mir Mardan and Mir Jafar, having been bribed, would not support the Nawab Siraj ad-Daula. For 10 points, name this 1757 battle won by forces of the British East India Company led by Robert Clive.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54b413e4122b4ebab1829bb4af4e506d",
            "input": "Early on, this dynasty agreed to pay tribute to its neighbors by way of the Treaty of Shanyuan. Its seat of government was moved to Fuzhou and its final ruler, Emperor Bing, saw his officials including Lu Xiufu jump into the sea during the disastrous Battle of Yamen. Its eighth emperor Huizong was captured and its capital looted during the Jingkang Incident. Its chancellors included Ssu-ma Kuang and Wang an-Shih, who launched a noted series of reforms, and its capital moved from Kaifeng to Hangzhou with the beginning of its southern period. FTP, name this dynasty founded by Zhao Kuangyin which was followed by the Yuan Dynasty and lasted from 960-1279 AD.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7449dcbee4cd42d3a6e9be12bd7f09b2",
            "input": "Gwilym Owen wrote an article arguing a work by this man was written earlier than traditionally thought. Assumptions of self-predication and non- identity are necessary to an argument made by him according to an article by Gregory Vlastos. David Sachs said one of this man's arguments suffered from a fallacy of irrelevance by using two definitions for one of its main concepts. Gerard Ledger used a stylometric computer program to analyze this man's writings, which led Ledger to support the authenticity of a letter that describes this man's efforts to educate (*) Dionysius of Syracuse to be a good ruler. He claimed that for everything that exists there are three instruments for attaining knowledge, the knowledge itself, and a fifth \"the thing itself which is known and truly exists\" in his Seventh Letter. It's not his student, but this man introduced the Third Man Argument in his Parmenides. For 10 points, name this author of the Republic and other Socratic dialogues.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0454ab6d3054b2d9948cdf1871c3ff7",
            "input": "Graham Oppy published a work about this statement, which was reformulated in terms of social relatedness by Hartshorne. One objection to it, the first of the \"Overload Objections\", is Guanilo's Island. Gasking parodied this statement using its subject's handicaps, while Kant's argument against it hinges on the fact that existence isn't a predicate. It was restated relying on axiom S5 of modal logic by Alvin Plantinga. Originally presented in the Proslogion of St. Anselm in terms of perfection, for 10 points, name this argument which asserts god exists because there must be some single greatest thing in the universe.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b19c96c14acc4a70a7453db8e713b0b9",
            "input": "This novel ends with the image of one characters feet twisting in different directions after he hangs himself. That character is revolted by the movie Three Weeks in a Helicopter, and explains the concept of death to children after his mother Linda is taken to a hospital. Late in this novel, the World Controller describes how science and art are dangerous to a society controlled by happiness, before exiling Helmholtz Watson and Bernard Marx. For 10 points, Mustapha Mond appears in what dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f8bbbb85bc8492194dc32d3759e1f0d",
            "input": "For an undulator, the most prominent value for this quantity is proportional to the Lorentz gamma\\n squared over the sum one plus the product of the Lorentz gamma squared and the angle squared. For\\n alternating current in a conductor, the skin depth is given by the square root of the quantity two over the\\n product of permeability, conductivity, and this quantity. The levels of the quantum harmonic oscillator are\\n quantized in discrete units of this quantity. The energy of a photon is given by Planck's constant times this\\n quantity, and for a pendulum, this quantity is given by the square root of the gravitational acceleration over\\n the length. For ten points, identify this quantity in physics which is the inverse of the period and has units\\n of inverse seconds, or hertz.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d63e601a87547cf870a6712553fad9e",
            "input": "This man took the title Iovius to denote his role as a planner and commander. This man fought a war against Narseh, and forced his co-commander to march in front of the Imperial caravan as humiliation after a defeat in that conflict. He came to power after a victory at the Battle of the Margus against Carinus, and he was a general under Numerian during a campaign in Persia. This man wanted to replace the denarius with the argentus in order to combat inflation in his Edict on Maximum prices, and after rising to power, this man appointed Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius as co-emperors in the Tetrarchy. For 10 points, name this 3rd century Roman emperor who began a massive persecution of Christians.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-634ad161890c4856bf8fb018f5673876",
            "input": "This composer of the \"Alto Rhapsody\" and \"Love-Song Waltzes\" expressed his artistic credo in the words, \"If we can not compose as beautifully as Mozart and Haydn, let us at least try to compose as purely. \"  A meticulous worker, he did not complete the first of his four symphonies until age 43. Composer of \"Variations on a Theme of Haydn\" and the \"Four Serious Songs\", he is better-known for the \"Tragic\" and \"Academic Festival\" Overtures. FTP, name this composer of \"A German Requiem\" and a famous \"lullaby\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e23a60b36984a09b915e2dbcb43088b",
            "input": "One part of this work uses the metaphor of the boundary between the water of an aquarium and the air above it to represent the interaction between the \"world of sensible facts\" and the \"world of abstract ideas. \" That section goes on to agree with pluralism of the universe as opposed to monism and is entitled \"The One and the Many. \" The second section includes the famous analysis of the uselessness of debating whether a man going around a (*) tree is going around a squirrel also circling that tree, while the first divides philosophers into Tender-minded and Tough-minded and is called \"The Present Dilemma in Philosophy\". The final section analyzes the title system and religion, ideas that would be further developed in the same author's The Varieties of Religious Experience. FTP, name this collection of lectures named for a philosophy espoused by John Dewey and C. S. Peirce, delivered by William James.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7045bc36ccb2479491c640f62263c0ff",
            "input": "This composer of the concert overture \"\"In Autumn\"\" wrote a five-movement Baroque-style suite for string orchestra called \"\"In Holberg's Time. \"\" A tympani roll opens this man's Piano Concerto in A minor, his only completed concerto. He included \"\"Anitra's Dance\"\" and \"\"Morning Mood\"\" in a set of two four-movement suites taken from incidental music to an Ibsen play. For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer whose \"\"In The Hall Of The Mountain King\"\" comes from his Peer Gynt Suites.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-980ce754a266428cbd558978d4d7685c",
            "input": "Earthworms uniquely use the molecule lombricine to react with this molecule. This molecule activates P2X3 and P2X2/3, two receptors that control pain responses, and in conjunction with luciferin this molecule is responsible for the light of fireflies. In the muscular tissue of chordates, this compound donates a group to creatine. In proteins, this molecule, first synthesized by Alexander Todd, is almost always bound by a magnesium cofactor, and large quantities of this molecule are produced via oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain. For 10 points, name this molecule discovered by Karl Lohmann,, the energy currency of the cell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb9fb729859e4c78b791d14f38f1f350",
            "input": "This author wrote about a man who assassinates General Juan Alvarado before winning a boxing match against Danny Ward in \"The Mexican\". Another work by this author describes the Nashville Massacre, where eight hundred weavers were killed, and is written as the manuscript of Avis Everhard, who tried to sabotage \"The Oligarchy\". This author of The Iron Heel wrote about a man who ignores the warnings of the \"old-timer on Sulphur Creek\" and freezes to death after a tree dumps snow on his work. The protagonist of another novel defeats Spitz to become leader of a team before the Yee-hat Indians kill his master, John Thorton. For 10 points, name this author of \"To Build a Fire\" who wrote about the sled dog Buck in The Call of the Wild.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f815315e3ffa4209b97310b4dcdafd31",
            "input": ". It is often used instead of Wilson's Theorem in primality tests. It is sometimes rephrased using its Corollary which states that if A is an integer and p is prime, then A raised to the pth power equals A modulo p. Its more traditional form, however, states that for an integer A and prime p, A raised to the quantity p minus 1th power equals 1 modulo p. FTP, identify this theorem first proven by Euler but earlier stated by a French lawyer and amateur mathematician.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4fc1aa8c14f54ebcbc3c4d3c47ec559b",
            "input": "One form of this, due to Lindeberg and Feller, applies to the difference of variates. While it does not hold for general stochastic processes, there is a version for martingales. The rate behind this relation is determined by the Berry-Essen theorem. It holds generally under the Lyapunov condition, but the conventional statement of it requires that the variance be finite and that the mean of the sampling distribution of means be the population mean. FTP, identify this theorem stating that the distribution of a sample of independent random variables approaches a normal distribution with sample size.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71580468dded49d7b528886520b9dd4f",
            "input": "Marius Petipa choreographed a ballet by this composer in which the title character pricks herself with a needle to activate Carabosse's curse. Another of his ballets contains a recognizable Trepak dance. He composed a ballet in which a prince dances with the black-clad Odile at a ball after mistaking her for the title character, who has been cursed by von Rothbart. This composer used a celesta solo in the \"Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy\" in a ballet in which Fritz and Clara observe a battle between gingerbread men and the Mouse King. For 10 points, name this composer of the ballets The Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake, and The Nutcracker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26b42358c35d4b87a2e0dd680b11ac74",
            "input": "When reacted with a nitrile, they produce an imine anion that can be hydrolyzed into a ketone, and they can cause nucleophilic ring opening of epoxides. Pouring a solution of them over dry ice followed by protonation results in carboxylic acids, which will not form addition products with these. One of their most common uses is reacting with aldehydes and ketones to form secondary and tertiary alcohols, respectively. Because they essentially act as carbanions, they can be protonated by weak acids to yield alkanes. FTP name these organometallic reagents that are formed by reacting an alkyl halide with magnesium, named for their French discoverer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0620499826d2423896a517e77b0699dd",
            "input": "Medieval prayers of penitence called piyyutim are recited on this holiday, which is preceded by a period of self-examination during the month of Elul. The supposed blotting out of the wicked from the Earth and the inscription of the names of the righteous into the Book of Life occur during this holiday. Prayerbooks called machzorim are read on this holiday, which takes place on the first and second of Tishrei and also involves the ceremonial blowing of the shofar. For 10 points, identify this holiday, the Jewish new year, after which follow 10 days of repentance before Yom Kippur.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-902c6ce3e30b441bb7c528681795f812",
            "input": "In one of his poems, this author claimed to \"crave the stain / Of tears\" and the \"sweet of bitter bark / And burning clove\" before concluding that he longs \"to feel the earth as rough / To all my length. \" In another poem, he claimed to have \"looked down the saddest city lane\" and to have seen a \"luminary clock against the sky\" which \"proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right. \" In addition to \"To Earthward\" and \"Acquainted with the Night,\" he wrote about a \"dimpled spider\" holding up a moth in his sonnet \"Design\" and about a \"broken drinking goblet\" hidden \"so the wrong ones can't find it\" in the poem \"Directive. \" FTP, name this American poet of \"The Gift Outright\" and \"The Road Not Taken. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26853cbcf4cf43beaba058b3ee935ce3",
            "input": "Edmund Kirby Smith was wounded at this battle and thereafter departed for the western theater. It was fought on Sudley Ford, Matthews Hill, and Henry Hill, and it was where Barnard Bee gave the nickname \"\"stonewall\"\" to Thomas Jackson. This battle began when Joseph Johnston's forces arrived to support P.G.T. Beauregard. Irvin McDowell's losing performance at this battle led to McDowell's replacement with George McClellan. For 10 points, name this 1861 battle at a railroad depot in northern Virginia, the first of two at the same location.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-811686b728fb4f0aaa79893e42889342",
            "input": "According to legend, a man with the surname Truelove was renamed Eyre after saving one man's life in this battle. One side in this battle arrived at Pevensey and feigned retreat after they were unable to break through the shield wall formed by fyrds and (*) housecarls. The leader of the losing side in this battle succeeded Edward the Confessor and had earlier won the Battle of Stamford Bridge, but was later killed by an arrow in the eye as depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry. For ten points, name this 1066 battle in which Harold Godwinson was defeated by a Norman force led by William the Conqueror.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-581c484355294e9da58b94ece12c50ef",
            "input": "As a youth, this man nearly gave in to his passions with his neighbor, a Strozzi exile. A sermon at Faenza reaffirmed his faith, and upon leaving his hometown he began to recite the prayer \"Lord! Teach me the way my soul should walk\" daily. He levied a tax known as \"la decima\" and wrote the tract \"Contempt of the World\" while studying at the University of Ferrara. This author of The Triumph of the Cross took advantage of the period following Charles VIII's invasion to gain authority by ousting the Medicis. Opposed by the Arrabbiati, he was excommunicated by Alexander VI, potentially for an action he committed against what he called \"immoral art\". For 10 points, name this Dominican friar who, in 1497, ordered a burning of various books and art in the Bonfire of the Vanities.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c885faa6bf494568903209ff50e52f35",
            "input": "This author of works like In Pursuit of the English and This Was the Old Chief's Country was born in Iran in 1919 to British parents and moved to Zimbabwe at the age of 6. Largely self-educated, she moved to England and joined a Communist literary group, but became disillusioned and eventually left the Party. FTP, name this author of The Children of Violence series, and The Golden Notebook.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81b1309918d9481da621d2fa4c26b475",
            "input": "One ruler of this city was the father of Tisamenus, and was killed by Telephus on Mysia, which meant this city had no king at the Trojan War. After defending this city against King Erginus, Heracles was given the hand of Megara in marriage. This city was once ruled by Thersander, and its usurper Lycus abducted Antiope, though Antiope's children killed him when they grew up. Music moved the stones around this city into place as the twins Amphion and Zethus built its walls. This city's founder was followed a cow until it rested, and sowed the teeth of a serpent sacred to Ares to form its first men. The Epigoni took over this city, a feat that their fathers, led by Polynices, failed to do. For 10 points, name this city founded by Cadmus, whose later kings included Oedipus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a2d3a89eb033465381401159a217548c",
            "input": "This quantity is multiplied by the speed of light in the denominator of the Compton wavelength. The difference of this quantity's unbound and measured quantities is its \"defect. \" The implied asymptotic increase of this property with speed makes faster-than-light travel impossible. In general relativity, the presence of this property causes spacetime to curve. The Higgs boson might impart this property to matter. Einstein equated it with energy and the speed of light squared. For 10 points, name this quantity which, when multiplied by acceleration, gives force.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-555c42c8311e42948a9bb539dcce2bb7",
            "input": "He argued that toys served to pre-condition children to expected gender roles, and differentiated between boxing (a sport) and wrestling (not a sport) in his most famous work, which earned him a short consulting job with an automobile manufacturer. The Photomat always turns you into a criminal type according to this mans last work, Camera Lucida. His S/Z dissected line-by-line Balzacs Sarrasine, while Japanese myths and culture were studied in his Empire of Signs, and the posthumous Incidents revealed his homosexuality. FTP, identify this structuralist, author of Mythologies.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-393dcd3aa4b7425490958536f1f676e5",
            "input": "The collisionless Boltzman equation is often referred to as this, and it can be used to extend the Runge-Gross theorem to time-dependent ensembles. A corollary of this result is that symplectic maps of Hamiltonian functions must preserve area. Applying this theorem to the expectation value of an observable in quantum mechanics gives a result that can also be derived by finding the expection value of the Heisenberg equation of motion, known as Ehrenfest's theorem. It can be expressed as the time derivative of a density equals the negative Poisson bracket of that density and the Hamiltonian. In the ergodic formulation, this theorem predicts smooth measure invariance under Hamiltonian flow, and it is equivalent to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. For 10 points, name this theorem in statistical mechanics which states the density of points is constant along a phase space trajectory with time.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8fd81adf1034eaeb2dcf6bedf373aa5",
            "input": "This has provided the best current measurement for the Hubble constant, which may be inferred from WMAP's measurements of it anisotropy. Other anisotropies in this field can be caused by gravitational waves or the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. It was generated at a redshift of approximately 1100, implying that the temperature of the universe at the last scattering surface was about 3000 Kelvin. Accidentally discovered in 1964 by Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias, FTP, what is this ubiquitous radiation field corresponding to a blackbody of 2.7 Kelvins",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6c90932ac684c5abbb710833dfbf053",
            "input": "To solve the Triffin Dilemma, this man proposed the bancor for use in international trading at the Bretton Woods conference. Judges select contestants based on what \"the average opinion expects the average opinion to be\" in a beauty contest he formulated to explain the behavior of rational agents in a market. He argued that because aggregate demand determines the level of economic activity, governments need to use fiscal and monetary policy to boost demand and reduce unemployment. For 10 points, name this British economist and author of General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money who advocated for deficit spending during the Great Depression.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab694c79c852433fa289f9d60636c9e3",
            "input": "The defeat of one country in this set of conflicts led one of its citizens to publish the Illustrated Gazetteer of Maritime Countries advocating military upgrades. In between them the losing country was forced to the ban the Spanish dollar and switch to the Mexican dollar before finally issuing paper currency. The final one was marked by the collaboration of forces under James Bruce and Baron Gros, such as in the capture of the Taku forts. They were marked by the so-called period of \"Unequal Treaties,\" referring to such agreements as the treaties of Whampoa and Bogue. One included an early blockade of the Pearl River and the other was set off by the storming of the HMS Arrow. For 10 points, name these conflicts concluded by the treaties of Tientsin and Nanking, which were fought over the namesake substance between France and Britain and China.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-486f1ececbb74cfbaa40635c8271fb95",
            "input": "One form of this quantity is modified by the principle of least coupling to include the product of charge and vector potential, and its operator can be defined in simple cases as the negative product of i, h bar, and the gradient. In the relativistic four-vector of it, the first term is energy divided by the speed of light, and that form is also included in a generalization of the classical stress tensor. Noether's theorem relates the conservation of this quantity to translational invariance, and its time rate of change is related to force via Newton's Second Law. For 10 points, name this quantity that is conserved in collisions and calculated as the product of mass and velocity, symbolized p.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d90b3bd9bda41ab9dcbd644250d3146",
            "input": "Spin foam serves as a model for 4-geometries used to dynamically observe the quantum form of this force. Mossbauer spectroscopy of an iron-57 gamma emitter was used to measure Doppler redshift associated with this force in the Pound-Rebka experiment, and two lead balls were used to construct a torsion balance to measure the magnitude of this force in the Cavendish experiment. Conceptualized by wells in spacetime, for 10 points, identify this weakest fundamental force that causes objects in the air to accelerate to Earth at 9.8 meters per second squared.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39784a7d9f5144359d234556c0aba336",
            "input": "In this country, the execution of Auguste Chapdelaine caused France to enter a war that began with this country's seizure of the merchant ship Arrow. A man claiming to be the younger brother of Jesus established the Heavenly Kingdom in this country, which is where the Eight Nation Alliance put down a revolt led by the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists. This country was the site of the Opium Wars and the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions. For 10 points, name this country ruled during the 19th century by the Qing Dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9de368d2a1ff4458bc1c162a9aa562cf",
            "input": "This work was the subject of a 1930 study on the \"causes\" of its title phenomenon by Maurice Halbwachs, a student of this work's author. One concept investigated in this work occurs in highly integrated societies when the individual is overwhelmed by the goals and beliefs of the group. Another type of this work's title phenomenon occurs after a breakdown of social integration. This work finds that men, Protestants, and (*) Scandinavians are more likely to perform the title action, which comes in egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic types. For 10 points, name this 1897 case study by Emile Durkheim that investigates the rates at which people kill themselves.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d98babe00493466ea381b2b10de8da87",
            "input": "Echoes of Ossian is an overture by one composer from this country. Robert Simpson wrote about the use of progressive tonality in the symphonies of one composer from this nation. One composer from here included the \"Oriental Festival March\" and \"The Marketplace in Ispahan\" in his Aladdin Suite. A composer born in this nation wrote cantatas dedicated to the knees and face of Christ in his Membra Jesu Nostri. One composer from here ended his fourth symphony with a timpani duel and included tempo indications like Allegro sanguineo and Allegro collerico in his second symphony. Those symphonies are subtitled \"Inextinguishable\" and \"The Four Temperaments\". For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country of origin of Niels Gade, Dietrich Buxtehude and Carl Nielsen.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1fde1409331488aa3313e29fa3a0105",
            "input": "It only began once a Yale professor sneaked in through one of the buildings windows as no one had a key to the building itself. It grew out of discussion regarding a recently passed New York Property Rights Act. James Gordon Bennett ridiculed it in the New York Herald after its second hearing, which took place in Rochester. The only measure not to be overwhelmingly approved addressed the right to vote, though it barely passed after Frederick Douglass addressed the crowd. The organizers themselves had previously met at the Worlds Antislavery Convention where they had been denied seats. FTP, name this 1848 New York convention organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the first major push for womens rights.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3cefabc9cda8496e9b850848a9fa9379",
            "input": "In Gian-Carlo Menotti's Help, Help, the Globolinks!, a Globolink destroys one of these objects that Emily had been using to ward them off. The title character of Ernst Krenek's Jonny Spielt Auf steals one of these objects from Daniello. An Englishman hires Schaunard to kill a parrot using one of these devices in La Boheme. The soldier in Igor Stravinsky's L'Histoire du Soldat trades one of these devices to the devil for a book that will predict the economy. One theme later taken up by this instrument was first hummed by Anna Bussotti, whose blood was mixed into its varnish in a film scored by John Corigliano whose solos were played by Joshua Bell. For 10 points, name this instrument which represents death in a scordatura solo that begins Danse Macabre.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7121980559734f248530d8c6b6696ca9",
            "input": "For his actions in World War II, one ruler of this country may have been poisoned by Hitler for his efforts to save his country's Jews. This country, once ruled by Ferdinand and Boris, considers its \"Second National Catastrophe\" to be losses suffered in the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine. During the 1876 April Uprising in this future nation, Ottoman forces committed massacres in the Plovdiv area in this country's namesake \"horrors.\" People from this nation were defeated at the Battle of Kleidion, which saw 99 out of 100 men blinded. For 10 points, name this eastern European nation whose peoples were notably fought by the Byzantine Basil II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-996dcc7e55c44b2aae75b782452465cb",
            "input": "The preface to this work notes that \"those who do not know how to live must make a merit of dying\" and contrasts the title thing to a \"prison for horses\" named Horseback. At the beginning of the second act, one character notes that macaroni is too rich for him, because he's a man of business and thus is \"always thinking. \" The final scene sees Nurse Guinness warning the characters that they will be summoned by the police if they don't put the light out. At the end, we learn that Randall at last \"succeeds in keeping the home fires burning on his flute,\" while an explosion seems to have killed Mangan. It also features Hesione Hushabye, Ellie Dunn, and the dynamite-obsessed rum fiend who has built the title structure in the shape of a ship, Captain Shotover. For 10 points, name this 1919 play, a \"fantasia in the Russian manner on English themes\" written by George Bernard Shaw. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8736553368d4762beb76e596d3d0bcc",
            "input": "This work claims that all sciences start from two types of data, one of which is identified as \"ground of being\" in \"organon\", the other of which is its \"problem\". The idea that both passion and intensity of emotion are unknowable to \"the brute\" appears in the section \"Objective View of the Intellect\" of this work, which also mentions the \"medium of motives\"; while this work's second volume consists of supplements to each of the first volume's four books. Defining one of the title concepts as a \"striving, yearning, force\", this work claims that daily life \"is suffering\" and combines consideration of the Kantian \"ding an sich\" with the Upanishads. For 10 points, name this magnum opus of Arthur Schopenhauer.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28845650394e4412ae822330b79574ff",
            "input": "Along with a bound Loki and the Midgard Serpent, this figure is depicted on the west side of the Gosforth Cross. This figure claimed Jarl as his son after sleeping with both Jarl's mother and her husband, and then taught him runes and gave him one of this figure's names. This grandson of Geirrendour or Aegir once took the guise of a seal to rescue the Brisingamen from Loki at the Singasteinn. Sometimes called the White God, he resides in Himinbjorg, and he rides the horse Gulltop and wields the sword Hofund. He can hear the wool grow on a sheep's back and will blow the Gjallarhorn to announce Ragnarok, where he will kill Loki but die from his wounds. For 10 points, name this Norse god who guards the rainbow bridge Bifrost.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-828c679516c74262bfd93314c7ccd3d2",
            "input": "Erwin Finlay-Freundlich proposed one explanation for this phenomenon that claimed its strength should be proportional to the radiation density. A version of this phenomenon in the CMB is known as the Sachs-Wolfe effect, while the quantity that describes the strength of this effect has a value of about 1100 for the surface of last scattering. One version of this effect was measured using the Mossbauer effect in an experiment by Pound and Rebka, and the magnitude of this effect is usually denoted \"z. \" For 10 points, name this phenomenon, which can be caused by gravity or the Doppler effect, in which the wavelength of an object's light appears longer to an observer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-882516a6fad24f268f631a0dc179f9e8",
            "input": "Adhemar, bishop of Le Puy, was the papal legate assigned to this event. He traveled with the largest contingent, raised by Raymond of Toulouse, who led his forces across northern Italy and into Dalmatia, where they clashed with the Byzantines. One branch lost a quarter of its men looting Hungary under the leadership of Walter the Penniless and Peter the Hermit. Alexius I's envoy to the Council of Piacenza would have preferred veterans capable of reversing the verdict of the Battle of Manzikert. FTP, the success of this movement was led by Godfrey of Bouillon and sanctioned by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49871b0de3ef43b99feccb056938f6f5",
            "input": "This person developed a theorem, now named for him and Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen, stating that magnetism cannot be explained by classical and statistical physics. He is also the namesake of a constant equal to the magnitude of an electron's spin magnetic moment. Early quantum mechanics used models named for Arnold Sommerfeld and this person, based on the idea that electrons have circular orbitals. Werner Heisenberg and this person were associated with the idea that objects governed by quantum mechanics create experimental results dependent on measurement, which was known as complementarity and became known as the Copenhagen interpretation. Name this scientist known for his early quantum model of a hydrogen atom.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a6ada210cc8b4af68d021ec686a79da8",
            "input": "One work for this instrument includes movements titled \"The Perilous Shore\" and \"Put Your Loving Arms Around Me\" and was influenced by the death of the composer's father to Alzheimer's. This instrument plays a solo in the third movement of Ottorino Respighi's Pines of Rome. This instrument, which plays the solo in John Adams's Gnarly Buttons, was performed by Woody Herman, who commissioned Stravinsky's Ebony Concerto for this instrument. Other concertos for this instrument include two by (*) Carl Maria von Weber and a jazz-inspired one by Copland. Mozart's concerto for it was written for Anton Stadler. For 10 points, what woodwind instrument that plays the glissando opening in the orchestration of Rhapsody in Blue",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-befc101d411f439ab2997fa105c697f3",
            "input": "This works creation was permitted by the political take down of Cavalier DArpino, the artists former master, who had originally received the commission for the Contarelli Chapel. It lies next to two similarly titled works which show the central figures death and visitation by an angel. In it, Levi, modeled almost exactly on a figure from the creators The Cardsharps, sits at a table with four other figures, only some of whom find the barefoot figure at right more interesting than piles of coins. FTP, name this Mannerist Caravaggio work which depicts Jesuss first interaction with a tax collector.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f24e4aa0612c4436a3222db9a49da614",
            "input": "In his Autobiography, this philosopher priviliged Plato, Tacitus, Francis Bacon, and Grotius above all other thinkers, and he modeled his own efforts after Grotius, whose work led him to conduct the research that led to the writing of a treatise which pondered the question of whether justice is natural or conventional. This thinker juxtaposed the arts of \"criticism\" and \"topics\" in the first of his major anti-Cartesian works, On the Study Methods of Our Time, and later added to his work Universal Right a volume entitled De constantia jurisprudentis, this first chapter of which would lend its title to this man's most famous work. More famously, this man is famous for a work which reformulated the verum factum principle he himself had proposed in his On the Most Ancient Wisdom of the Italians and advanced the notion of three universal principles, those of religion, marriage, and burial. For ten points, identify this thinker who proposed a cyclical theory of history in his most famous work, The New Science.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1c5c192a0334941b6b97f916d06e0ec",
            "input": "In a 2005 work, Ha Poong Kim argues that its authors hedonistic view of human motivation is integral to the arguments presented in this work. At one point in it, the author bemoans Latins failure to linguistically distinguish between the multiple facets of good and evil. He goes on to state how good and evil cannot be equated with gratification and pain, respectively, because they are a priori principles and how we are freed only through our adherence to the categorical imperative, a view reverse of that previously presented in Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. For 10 points, identify this work of Immanuel Kant, a companion and response to criticism of A Critique of Pure Reason, the second of his three Critiques.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee36c65429d649c0b3a560697f7673d6",
            "input": "The narrator of this book observes that, despite the \"hysteria of the streets,\" that no one really believes that the world will end. The narrator of this book remarks at one point that, though he treats a woman like a lover, he might as well tie her to a chair and beat her. Near the end of this novel, the narrator escapes from his prison cell and examines the countryside, but after finding it empty returns. Mandel continues to torture natives of Africa in this work, and those natives had earlier been persecuted by several campaigns led by Colonel Joll. The protagonist of this novel nightly bathes and anoints one of the titular women with almond oil, disassociating himself from his job in the Third Bureau. For 10 points, name this work about an unnamed magistrate, written by J. M. Coetzee.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88bf5310fc6d4e8cb8b3393d086ad953",
            "input": "A paper by Lalive, Luechinger, and Schmutzler about the changes to the German railway system uses traffic accident and infant mortality rates as examples of these concepts. Katz and Shapiro wrote a paper that claims that fax machines and telephones possess the network type of them. They were notably illustrated with the example of a train that makes sparks by Ronald Coase, whose namesake theorem states that, so long as transaction costs are minimal, they can be resolved through private deliberations. Pigouvian taxes seek to alleviate them, and they are usually represented graphically by adjusting a cost curve. Waste dumping and other forms of pollution are classic examples of the negative type. For 10 points, name the economic term for a cost or a benefit that was not caused by the party whom it impacts.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7a9507590194fcba8b6cc2df2d6c6c4",
            "input": "This poet concluded \"so now he's gone and I buried him and that's all there is to it\" in a poem about a pet who \"waits for my arrival waving his fan-like tail in friendship.\" This author of \"A Dog Has Died\" wrote \"my moist desire nests / in your arms of transparent stone\" in a poem beginning \"Ah vastness of pines.\" The speaker of another poem by him \"climbed through the lost jungle's tortured thicket\" to a \"high city of laddered stones\" and says \"rise up to be born with me, my brother\" after reaching the title location. His odes to ordinary things, such as a \"large tuna in the market,\" were collected in Elemental Odes. One of his collections includes a poem which begins \"tonight I can write the saddest lines\" and ends with \"A Song of Despair.\" For 10 points, name the Chilean author of \"The Heights of Machu Picchu,\" which is part of his Canto General.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bd01541a37eb42d4a0a7dd6cacf88faa",
            "input": "A compound consisting of oxygen, chlorine, and this element reacts with DMF to produce the formylating agent used in the Vilsmeier reaction. It is the central atom in a phenyl-containing compound that is oxidized in both the Mitsunobu Esterification and the reduction of azides to amines in the Staudinger Reaction. This element can form double bonds through p-pi/d-pi bonding, which can alternately be depicted as adjacent positive and negative charges. Such a double bond between this element and carbon is found in a reagent that reacts with carbonyl groups to give alkenes in the Wittig reaction. FTP, identify this element that forms ylides and in the backbone of nucleic acids with atomic symbol P.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9ed1ba507e74a62a2df17480aeadfd0",
            "input": "Bishop Mkrtich Khrimian was invited to this meeting to represent the interests of the Armenian people. Jovan Ristic was forced to resign after returning from this meeting with insufficient amounts of new land, a fate also shared by Count Lodovico of Corti. France was represented by William Henry Waddington, while another great power sent Count Julius Andrassy the Elder. The Principality of Moldavia was forced to give up Bessarabia in a partial reversal of the Treaty of Paris, one of the few victories for Prince Gorchakov at a meeting that led to the end of the Dreikaiserbund. For ten points, name this international congress that followed the Battle of Pleva, where Bismarck led the re-negotiation of the Treaty of San Stefano between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in 1877.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c831bb0b0f1a4e3bb57f7bc39e509064",
            "input": "A functor named for this mathematician can be interpreted as the first group homology group with integral coefficients. A cellular automaton discovered by Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld that displays self-organized criticality is a \"sandpile model\" named for him. This mathematician names a class of theorems showing that various summation methods are regular, i.e., that they give the correct result for convergent series. Grothendieck introduced categories named for this mathematician in his Tohoku paper; those categories are a general setting for homological algebra and allow morphisms and objects to be added. This non-Italian mathematician gave the first complete proof of the insolubility of the quintic by radicals. Groups that satisfy the commutative law and many other mathematical concepts are named for, FTP, what Norwegian mathematician who died at the age of 26, thus making everyone else look like a chump",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-212b24289deb4b03a3514831194162d8",
            "input": "This President defused the Newburgh Conspiracy and, in another post, was nearly replaced by Horatio Gates due to the Conway Cabal. As President, he met with a French ambassador who tried to draw him into war with Britain named Citizen Genet (JUH-nay). His farewell address discouraged foreign alliances. The signing of Jay's Treaty and the Whiskey Rebellion occurred during the Presidency of this victor at Trenton and Yorktown. For 10 points, name this man who appointed Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury as the first President.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54a955928d6f4346a7064a50695b4404",
            "input": "In his eminently amusing essay on this work, Donald Tovey calls its composer \"the whitest liar since Cyrano de Bergerac\" and catalogues the various differences between this work and its source material. Its composer stated that convent bells in this work are \"suggested by two harp-notes doubled by the flutes, oboes and horns\", and in the scherzo, the oboe and piccolo represent pifferi. It used material from its composer's unfinished Rob Roy, while the composer used the money given to him for his later Romeo et Juliette. It features movements like \"Serenade of an Abruzzi mountaineer to his mistress\" and \"March of the pilgrims singing their evening prayer. \" This work ends with an \"Orgy of the Brigands\", and Paganini objected to this work because he did not get enough time playing the viola, though the viola does represent the title character. For 10 points, name this symphony by Hector Berlioz, based on a work of Lord Byron.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1335171e03304bdfabdaf4cba709b780",
            "input": "This empire massacred numerous Alevis after they ended up in their territory after the Peace of Amasya. Tax farming was abolished within it by the Rescript of the Rose Chamber. A leader of this empire was depicted as a thin man in a bathing suit being told to dive into the waters of \"Constitution\" in one of the many Punch political cartoons satirizing it. This empire modernized itself during the (*) Tanzimat period, and it previously recruited soldiers through the practice of devsirme. The Auspicious Incident abolished its elite infantry units called Janissaries, who were frequently slave Christian children forcibly converted to Islam. The forces of this empire won a 1453 siege that overthrew Constantine XI. For 10 points, name this empire which under Mehmed II conquered Constantinople.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad0da1f996b34db3b5542d3fec38dd80",
            "input": "Later corrections to this equation include Trautz and Lewis' collision theory, as well as Wigner and Eyring's transition state theory. It was first proposed by van't Hoff in 1884, and later was justified by its namesake. When expressed in terms of molecular units, the Boltzmann constant is used instead of the universal gas constant. The modified version of this equation makes explicit the temperature dependence of its pre-exponential factor, which accounts for a reaction's rate coefficient. FTP, identify this equation named after a Swedish scientist that calculates a reaction's activation energy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f035edca67c443d78b7668b0c87f80dd",
            "input": "This phenomenon originates from asperities which can be modeled with the Archard equation. On an atomic scale, this is described by the Tomlinson model, including a namesake parameter that, when greater than one, results in the stick-slip variety of this phenomenon. Reye hypothesized that this is proportional to volume of wear debris. Amontons' second law states that it is independent of the area of the contact surface. It is equal to the normal force times mu, its namesake coefficient, which has static and kinetic varieties. For ten points, name this force that acts opposite motion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9310a9e0364b423aa55322b783565aee",
            "input": "This molecule is released by climbing fiber activation of Purkinje cells, and Huntington's disease is\\n partially caused by the loss of cells that secrete this substance in the striatum. It is produced in a reaction\\n that uses the enzymes GAD and pyridoxal phosphate, or vitamin B6 and its receptor works by widening a\\n chloride channel, which in turn neutralizes norepinephrine. Benzodiazepenes and barbituates work by\\n binding to receptors for this molecule, which is synthesized by decarboxylating glutamate. For 10 points,\\n name this inhibitory mammalian neurotransmitter with a four letter abbreviation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0b258360f1f40e9aaf94afae4b30417",
            "input": "One part of this work concerns a prayer that in relation to God we are always in the wrong, and is labeled as an Ultimatum. The author commends language and music as the two media addressed to the ear, and then writes about composing a review to a play by Eugne Scribe. Just before are three sections supposedly delivered to a mystical fellowship of the deceased, including The Unhappiest One and Silhouettes. A more famous section consists of letters delivered by Cordelia, the main focus of The Seducers Diary. Penned by the pseudonymous Victor Eremita, FTP, name this work ostensibly about the titular division between the aesthetic and the ethical, the most famous work of Soren Kierkegaard.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c1e316587e04c1bb10fe677d5fe2612",
            "input": "Once disguising himself as a baby in order to get out of fighting a giant, he was the last leader of an army known as the Champions of the Red Branch, and according to legend, it was he who created the Isle of Man by hurling a huge clump of earth at Benandonner. The owner of the sword known as Son of the Waves and the father of Ossian, after his birth, his mother entrusted him to Bodbal and Fiachel, and when his identity was revealed, kings would not take him in, fearing an attack from Goal Mac Morn. Becoming very wise while cooking the Salmon of Knowledge, FTP, name the leader of the Fianna, an Irish mythical hero.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c024f87bc2942db82142e6bd62e6822",
            "input": "The CY707A gene codes for this molecule's namesake 8-hydroxylase and is the first step of its degradation. This compound can be activated by oxidation to phaseic and dihydrophaseic acid, and one precursor to this molecule is synthesized by NCE decarboxylase, which cleaves a C40 zeaxanthin precursor to xanthoxin. It helps prevent dessication of roots during soil compaction, and during water stress signals the guard cells to collapse and close stomata. Its opposed in its most important function by gibberelin, and in that role suppresses the synthesis of alpha-amylase and upregulates the synthesis of storage proteins. For 10 points, name this plant hormone responsible for seed dormancy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d79e47e3d0034bfba2c4f7b57375b686",
            "input": "His daughter, Enheduana, composed the earliest extant poetry written by a woman, and a treaty between this man's grandson and the Elamite ruler Hita is the earliest extant Elamite document. He defeated Lugal Zaggisi of Umma in his early career, and he was succeeded by his sons Rimush and Manishtushu. One text claims his father was a gardener, while another text mentions that despite having a name which means \"true king,\" he usurped the throne of Ur-Zababa of Kish. The grandfather of Naram-Sin, his empire was ended by an invasion of Gutian Barbarians. For 10 points, identify this founder of the Akkadian Empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e93c12bb575496daa72fd9bbd6eca95",
            "input": "Muhammad said that this man looked like his friend Urwah ibn Mas'ud. Adherents of the Ahmadi sect believe he went by the name Yuz Asaf when he died in Kashmir, and unlike mainstream Muslims they do not believe that he will fight Dajjal [duj-JAL]. He talked as a newborn to denounce critics of his mother, who was a priestess in a temple run by Zechariah. He will not die until he (*) returns to assist the Mahdi and establish just rule on earth, which is possible because was raised to Heaven before people thought they killed him. While on earth, he foretold the coming of Muhammad and revealed his own divine scripture. For 10 points, name this prophet born to a virgin mother.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0cf7d57c58c443c92a449c2b4b431ad",
            "input": "Materials of this type often form sheathes that satisfy a criterion named for Bohm. The namesake frequency of these substances is given in mks by the electron charge times the square root of the quantity number density over permittivity times electron-ion reduced mass and their namesake waves are also named for Langmuir, who discovered them. They are quasi-neutral in a Debye sphere, the radius of which, the Debye length, characterizes their charge shielding; however, many of the atoms in matter of this phase are ionized. FTP, name these collections of dissociated electrons and ions, the so-called fourth phase of matter.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-341baaf3b8224d55a62181ac07aa1958",
            "input": "This man defeated Mahmoud Khan's war elephants by setting camels on fire. This conqueror drove out or converted most of the Assyrian Christians in Iraq, and his youngest son, Shah Rukh, succeeded him. This ruler supported Tokhtamysh's invasion of Moscow but later destroyed Sarai and Astrakhan, crushing the Golden Horde when it turned against him. This ruler was known to build piles of [*] skulls outside cities he conquered. He captured Bayezid I at the 1402 Battle of Ankara, and this sacker of Delhi was nicknamed for his hip injury. For 10 points, name this ruler of central Asia who attempted to revive the Mongol empire from his capital at Samarkand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ceb959cf3284e49b451cd547f6a0396",
            "input": "He studied philosophy under William of Champeaux and theology under Anselm of Laon, though he later came into conflict with both of his teachers. He described his ethical beliefs in Know Yourself, and was condemned for his nominalist doctrines at the Council of Soissons. He wrote an autobiographical work entitled Historia calamitatum. Though his book of biblical contradictions entitled Sic et Non was widely used to teach logic and dialectic, he is most famous for his love affair and ensuing castration. For 10 points, name this early scholastic and lover of Heloise.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95e63166e30a464aa539ffdeda83a68c",
            "input": "His early work is in a rather weak Neoclassical style, as seen in 1768's Agrippina Landing at Brundisium with the Ashes of Germanicus. Though an American citizen, he spent almost all his career in England, and, in 1792, he succeeded Sir Joshua Reynolds as President of the Royal Academy. For 10 points, name this artist who eventually became associated with Romanticism, whose works include Saul and the Witch of Endor, Death on a Pale Horse, and The Death of General Wolfe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f6c8dad90794fe3aede886a7f816633",
            "input": "This ruler ordered the reconstruction of the Baths of Zeuxippus, and he denounced the Three Chapters in an effort to reconcile two religious factions. One of his first acts was to ban suffragia, or the sale of regional governorships. This ruler brokered the Eternal Peace with his eastern neighbor, Khosrau I. Depicted with a halo over his head in a panel from the Church of San Vitale, he banished John of Cappadocia for conspiring against him with Antonina. Unrest during this man's reign was caused by animosity between the Blues and the Greens in the Hippodrome. He promulgated a namesake law code compiled by Tribonian, and he instructed Narses to distribute gold as part of his suppression of the Nika Riots. For 10 points, name this husband of Theodora, a Byzantine emperor who supervised the construction of the Hagia Sophia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a9e18f2e8f44950b293e6a94b7fd84d",
            "input": "This thinker formulated the argument that decapitation is the same as castration in his critique of mythology entitled Medusa's Head. This thinker posited that one title figure was not Jewish, but rather Egyptian in his Moses and Monotheism and discussed the concept of the \"death drive\" in his Beyond the Pleasure Principle. His most famous work divided the human psyche into the id, ego, and superego. For 10 points, identify this Austrian psychoanalyst who formulated the Oedipus complex and wrote The Interpretation of Dreams.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8275eae2e972432eab47ae97e4299667",
            "input": "On the left side of his \"Triumph of Virtue,\" the mother of virtue is imprisoned in a tree with twigs growing from her nipples, and his first work, the Santa Sofia Altarpiece, is now lost. His work with Ansuino for the Ovetari Chapel of the Eremitani Church was largely destroyed by the Allied bombings of Padua, including a famous grisaille fresco with an extremely low vantage point. That work shows the titular figure on the left beneath a large arch commanding a lame man to walk. Also utilizing his creative perspective are his frescos for the Gonzaga family and a depiction of Jesus on a slab. The son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini, for 10 points, who was this artist of St. James Led to His Execution, the Camera Degli Sposi, and the Dead Christ \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74eba2ce8d114f9db89a70bb488b5a56",
            "input": "This man showed vines growing on an outdoor metal railing behind two girls in On the Terrace. The Phillips collection in DC holds a painting by this man in which Gustave Caillebotte sits in the lower-right in the Maison Fournaise restaurant. This man showed white lamps hanging over couples at an outdoor Montmartre garden in Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette. Another of his paintings shows several wine bottles and yellow-hatted people below a yellow and white striped awning. For 10 points, name this French Impressionist painter of Luncheon of the Boating Party.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89f633a4f93b46a2867d42cfc80dd3a0",
            "input": "The Kidd glycoproteins present on their surface act as urea transporters. Spectrin and ankyrin are found in the cytoskeletal network of these cells and antibodies on their surface are detected by the direct Coombs test. They express high levels of CD47, which prevents phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen, and kidneys release EPO which stimulate the production of these. Excess production of them results in polycythemia, and their count is depressed in anemia. Produced in the bone marrow, they are biconcave and lack nuclei. For 10 points, identify these cells that contain hemoglobin, and help transport oxygen to tissues.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1477a7846c1455b8ffaf0f731d3d118",
            "input": "One of this man's subordinates was \"Major\" Bob Astles, also known as the \"White Rat.\" He was accused of ordering Dora Bloch to be taken from her hospital bed and executed. This man was ousted after a conflict which saw his country lose to Julius Nyerere's nation. He previously seized power in a coup against President Milton Obote and lost power after his country lost a war to Tanzania. This man's country was the site of Operation Thunderbolt, in which a hijacked Air France airliner was liberated by Israeli commandos at Entebbe Airport. In 1972, he expelled almost all Asians from his country, shattering the nation's industries. For 10 points, name this brutal, possibly insane 1970's dictator of Uganda.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-debeb03a93ca4c59861b47e12d91d406",
            "input": "This man made an etching of a solitary woman holding an umbrella and looking over her shoulder at a canoe, entitled Two are Company, Three are None. His watercolors include one depicting a black boy looking up at a palm tree, entitled A Garden in Nassau. He never finished his depiction of the rapids of the Saguenay River, and he depicted men sitting under umbrellas working at canvasses in his Artists Sketching in the White Mountains. Henry James criticized his painting of three brothers and their father sailing, while another one of his works depicts a group of boys in front of a small red house playing the title game. Another painting depicts a black man on a boat surrounded by sharks. For 10 points, name this American artist of Breezing Up, Snap-the-Whip, and The Gulf Stream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e277206802f34141b8b7ade59803ccbf",
            "input": "This country produced a film whose title character rebels against Pedro de Ursua during a search for El Dorado, Aguirre, the Wrath of God. In another film from this country, Francis and Jane investigate the sleepwalking Cesare, who is kept in the title object. The title sea vessel of another film from this country is heavily damaged after refueling in La Spezia and a majority of its crew is killed in a facility bombing. Two other films from here involve Elsie's murder by Beckert and Rotwang's creation of Maria's robot double. This country produced The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Das Boot, M, and Metropolis. For 10 points, name this country home to the director Fritz Lang.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-810f719898e84238b68d3b5d9ac51d30",
            "input": "According to Vasari, this man secured his first patron with a now-lost sculpture of a faun's head with a tooth knocked out. He decorated the Shrine of St. Dominic in Bologna with statues of St. Petronius and St. Proclus. Cardinal Raffaele Riario commissioned this man's sculpture of Bacchus after acquiring a sleeping cupid that he had buried in acidic soil to pass off as a Roman artifact. He's not Donatello, but a statue he made which is part of a tomb in the San Pietro in Vincoli was so lifelike that he allegedly hit it on the knee and commanded it to speak. This artist sculpted Rachel and Leah to flank that horned statue for the Tomb of Pope Julius II. For 10 points, name this sculptor of a marble Moses whose other marbles include a Pieta in St. Peter's and a seventeen foot high nude David.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5a58782be7f48289b64d0d1f3951ef4",
            "input": "Opik and Pryce developed an early method for calculating this effect, but Jess Chaboy was unable to detect it in a liquid solution. The Laporte rule does not apply to when this effect is present, and one member of the Irving-Williams series features a surprisingly high value because of it. First published in a 1937 paper, it was based on work done by Kramers and Wigner, and is related to the RTE. The pseudo type of this effect is experienced in fluxional molecules, and it also has static and spontaneous versions. Caused by an electronically degenerate ground state, it is most often associated with octahedral complexes of the transition metals. For 10 points, name this effect in which non-linear molecules experience molecular geometry distortions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d3895e51f504eae9fc4ba2f40815d8a",
            "input": "The subject of this painting was painted twice more, by Gustave Courti and Antonio de la Gandara, seven and fourteen years later, respectively. In the original, the light source is from the right, accentuating a little jewel in the subject's red hair and the shoulder straps on her dress. She stands next to a table with a fan in her left hand, wearing a low cut black dress showing her pale skin. Perhaps to shield the subject from the foreseen controversy, the artist withheld her real name, Gautreau, from the painting's title. FTP who is this woman, subject of an 1884 portrait by John Singer Sargent",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2e37f1329a54beba23f3256ce7d1543",
            "input": "Building on the kinetic theory of gases, it was originally formulated by J.J. Hood, although its namesake later provided a true theoretical basis for it. The collision frequency Z is only weakly dependent on temperature, while the steric factor P is always less than one. Taking the logarithm of both sides allows it to be put in a linear form, which proves to clearly illustrate the dependence of the rate constant on temperature and, of course, on activation energy. FTP, name this equation of chemical kinetics, named for a Swedish scientist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fde7fd5b0dfa4ce88045e838d3c61c0a",
            "input": "In 1695, Josua de Grave made another study of the same subject as this painting, but from a different angle. In the center fight of this painting, the roof of the Armamentarium is just visible behind a much larger gated building. An anecdote concerning this painting relates that it was chosen personally by William of Orange, although it was most likely purchased by the Rijksmuseum. The top half of this painting depicts only the sky, with very dark clouds at the top of this painting, and at the bottom of this painting, several people are standing by a boat while two women in black dresses are conversing to the side. The foreground and the background of this work are divided by a large river which reflects the buildings of the background. For ten points, identify this cityscape, a work by Jan Vermeer.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3b841c8670c447fa83ea949e70d72b3",
            "input": "Among the tunes this piece utilizes are We Have Built a Stately House in C minor, which Mahler later borrowed for his Third Symphony; and the lyrical The Father of Our Land played in E major. First performed in 1881 at the University of Breslau, this work employed its composer's largest orchestration ever. Bassoons introduce the comic movement Fox Song, a favorite among the college freshmen, though its most famous piece might be the Latin drinking song Gaudeamus Igitur. FTP, identify this scholastic overture that celebrated an honorary degree given to Johannes Brahms.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b52e28bd2b7c4a4587f4d261e7823d69",
            "input": "Many characters in this play disparage people named Patel, and its third scene begins with one character saying all train compartments smell vaguely of shit. The protagonist is introduced as D. Ray Morton after James Lingk arrives to speak to the character who he met at a Chinese restaurant, the setting for the three scenes of Act One. Moss threatens to turn Aaronow into the police if he refuses to rob Mitch and Murray, while another character asks to be put on the board after convincing Bruce and Harriet Nyborg to buy eight units of Mountain View. However, Williamson deduces that Shelley Levene stole the leads from the office, which is in the midst of a contest for a Cadillac. FTP, name this play about shady real estate salesman, by David Mamet.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de994c29e1d9461090b7409e38176d8b",
            "input": "One work by this artist set during the Battle of Jersey depicts the title character in white being lifted   by his soldiers. In addition to The Death of Major Peirson, he made one portrait of a woman in  pink with her elbow on the cushion of a black sofa and another portrait of her husband wearing red   pointing to troops off in the distance. This artist painted his half-brother Henry Pelham wearing a  jacket with a bright pink collar and holding the leash of a squirrel. This artist set one of his works in  Havana harbor, showing a man trying to stab one of the title figures with a spear in an attempt to  save the other title figure. Name this artist who made portraits of Thomas Gage and other figures of  the American Revolution, and also painted Watson and the Shark.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e7df57ccfdd248b88fb64e12e796d12c",
            "input": "This poem compares a vanity table to an altar, and ends with Clarissa advising valuing good humor rather than looks. A Gnome empties a bag of spleen over the head of the heroine of this work, whose lapdog, Shock, and other possessions are usually protected by a troop of Sylphs. This poem begins \"What dire offence from amorous causes springs.\" During a round of the card-game ombre, the Baron carries out this poem's title action on Belinda, who is surrounded by spirits like Ariel and Umbriel. For 10 points, this is what mock-epic poem about a stolen strand of hair by Alexander Pope",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b8fe51ebd3741258796415a50000b7b",
            "input": "Originally this god was much more malevolent, a god of sorcery who had abducted Xochiquetzal and initiated human sacrifices. Overlord of the constellation Great Bear, he had created the world by tearing apart the primordial crocodile Cipactli, though he lost a foot to her and was thus sometimes called Hurakan. The special protector the god of slaves and punisher of wicked, he saw everything in his magic Obsidian looking glass. FTP name this Aztec god of Magic and the Night Sky, the Lord of the \"Smoking Mirror. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-75bde6eaa3ba46b89c917d1bbdc0e47b",
            "input": "In this piece, a bass ostinato of G-sharp played at a quarter - eighth rhythm in 6/8 runs throughout one entire movement. One movement in this piece ends with the depiction of an ox-cart gradually moving away from the listener. The opening measures of this piece alternate between 5/4 and 6/4 time and are part of an interlude that repeats after every few movements. This work includes movements like \"Bydlo\" and \"The Old (*) Castle\". This work was originally composed for piano, but Serge Koussevitsky commissioned an orchestrated version by Maurice Ravel. Containing \"The Great Gate of Kiev\" and interspersed with \"Promenades\", for 10 points, name this suite of piano pieces inspired by the artworks of Viktor Hartmann, composed by Modest Mussorgsky",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77aec761f00f4774b235fb917d68dcac",
            "input": "Chapter IX of his most widely-read work refutes Condorcet's belief of the organic perfectibility of mankind; that book devotes a number of chapters to refuting Godwin's conjectures on equality. In that work, this thinker distinguished between positive and preventive checks, the latter of which includes restraints on sexual passion. Another of his books discusses the portion of income paid to a factor of production above the (*) opportunity cost and is titled The Nature of Rent. The opening to another of his books argues that resource size grows arithmetically, though the size of the human race grows geometrically; thus massive famine will eventually ensue. For 10 points, name this classical economist who authored An Essay on the Principle of Population.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5aedb6fc3c784289ac7fdb8fd2f37b14",
            "input": "Porath and Flodin introduced dextran-based gels for the size-exclusion variety of this process, and this process's optimal velocity can be found with the Van Deemter equation. The analyte is polar and the column non-polar in the reverse-phase version of the(*) high-performance liquid type of this process. The retention time is calculated as the sample distance divided by the solvent-front distance in the thin-layer and paper versions of this process. For 10 points, identify this technique that passes a mobile phase through a stationary phase to separate constituents of a mixture.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-27916c67c6454d008c2e10016617049f",
            "input": "He created at-large seats in the legislature, which his opponents dubbed the \"forty thieves. \" He invented a new office called the \"interventor,\" a federally controlled state governor, and often filled that post with \"tenentes,\" the junior officers who supported a move to fascism. He dubbed himself \"Father of the Poor\" and helped Francisco Campos rewrite the constitution, and he later ordered his supporters, the Queremistas, to vote for his successor, Eurico Gaspar Dutra. His second regime ended with his suicide. For 10 points, name this dictator, and then elected president, who implemented the \"Estado Novo\" in Brazil.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-efd0c6ad5fe242c3b137aa100583d908",
            "input": "The founder of this polity strengthened his position by marrying into the Lichchavi tribe, and after this polity's disintegration, much of the area around its founding would later become the seed of a kingdom under king Harsha. Much of the information about this polity comes from the monk Faxian, who lived at the court of the third ruler of this polity; that ruler would later be remembered as King Vikramaditya but was known in his time as the second king of a certain name. This polity's second ruler revived the horse sacrifice, and another of its rulers repulsed the White Huns in 455 CE, and this polity's existence saw an extensive revision of the Arthasastra as well as the writings of the works of Kalidasa. For ten points, identify this polity which controlled northern India from 320 to 550 CE and was founded by a man who shares his name with the founder of the Mauryan dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2a58d2ef3ef4274b392a44993987732",
            "input": "The Delft Island is located off of this country, and Mundal Lake lies along its west coast. One can observe estuarine crocodiles from the Kirindi Oya river in the Bundala National Park located in this country. The Kalu River is the second longest river in this country and to its west lies the Gulf of Mannar. The Knuckles mountain range is located in this country, and the city of Jaffna is located in its north. The Esala Perahara is an important festival in a city which houses the Asigiriya Cricket stadium, and visitors there should not miss the temple containing the sacred tooth of the Buddha. In addition to Kandy, this country's gem shopping center is located at Ratnapura, and one can see several ancient Buddhist sites in the city of Anuradhaputra. Somehow connected to its northern neighbor via Adam's Bridge, for 10 points, identify this country whose largest city is Colombo.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a2ed5eee7be244319435eca4907fe9ff",
            "input": "In one of this writer's stories, Pablo gives what he believes is the false hiding location of Ramon, who is shot at the title execution spot. He wrote a play in which the Communist Hugo shoots Hoederer. One novel by this author of \"The Wall\" and Dirty Hands sees a critical realization occur at a chestnut tree. In that novel, Antoine (*) Roquentin researches the Marquis de Rollebon and develops the title \"sweetish sickness\", which he calls a Nausea. His most famous play is set in a room with Third Empire furniture and sees Garcin announce \"Hell is other people.\" For 10 points, name this existentialist who wrote No Exit.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c0ecc3c3f184fd6b38ffc0871eded31",
            "input": "British musician Ian Clarkes writes primarily for this instrument  his Zoom Tube is notable for its use of nonstandard techniques such as multiphonics, quartertones, and actually singing into the instrument. For fans of standard technique, one of the most important exercise books for this instrument was produced by Philippe Gaubert and Paul Taffanel. Two of these instruments play the opening of Smetanas Die Moldau from Ma Vlast, and one of these plays solo at the beginning of Debussys Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. Treatises on this instrument were written by Boehm, who devised its modern fingering system, and by Quantz, a composer in the court of Frederick the Great. FTP, name this woodwind instrument whose modern practitioners include Jean-Pierre Rampal and James Galway.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a75b8327a4704dd9b463e38b852ef329",
            "input": "This artist only completed the preparatory sketches for the epic Opening of the Doors of the Spanish Inquisition. This artist showed a cart stopped next to a gray building emitting white smoke in The Lime Kiln. He painted an unusual still-life of severed limbs called Anatomical Pieces, and he featured horses in his paintings Derby at Epsom and Horse Frightened By Lightning. A horse rearing away from an unseen attacker appears in his The Charging Chasseur. He studied bodies in the morgue of the Hospital Beaujon for his most famous work, which sees a man waving a red handkerchief on the top right and a bloody hatchet implies cannibalism. For 10 points, name this French Romantic painter of The Raft of the Medusa.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ede6b9e0e22c49d48b3a991a41f552ad",
            "input": "This character avoids capture by the Oreillons when he proves that he is not a Jesuit. A slave-owner steals a jewel-encrusted sheep from him, but he recovers it when that slave-owner's ship is sunk, and he later loses some of his wealth to Parisians. He was befriended by James the Anabaptist after deserting the Bulgarian army, which occurred after he was booted out of Baron Thunder-ten-tronckh's castle. Cacambo leads him to Paraguay sometime after leaving Portugal, where he witnesses the hanging of his philosophical teacher, Dr. Pangloss. FTP, name this lover of Cunegonde, the optimistic title character of a work by Voltaire.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0af394fb8af4e73bde31418e36811f8",
            "input": "Slutsky's equation relates two functions for this quantity. As price increases, this quantity increases for lower-priced goods in the substitution effect. The \"Hicksian\" variety of this quantity is often contrasted with its \"Marshallian\" type. Although it increases with price for Veblen goods, this quantity is usually (*) inversely correlated with price. For 10 points, name this concept, often paired with supply, which represents the public's desire for a product.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54785cd62cd2407d944e154184906574",
            "input": "This enzyme requires a protein from the AAA+ family for activation, and in bacteria exists as a multimer with 16 long chains and 8 short chains. It is allosterically regulated by CA1P and free phosphate groups. This enzyme requires magnesium to form an activated carbamate, and in some organisms this enzyme is sequestered in bundle sheath cells, with PEP carboxylase being used in mesophyll cells to transfer products to it. This enzyme transfers a single carbon to ribulose bisphosphate, but can react with oxygen in a side reaction called photorespiration. For 10 points, name this most abundant protein on earth, which catalyzes carbon fixation in the first step of the Calvin cycle.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ce2344ecf6448dc8401d25debe0134c",
            "input": "In a later essay reflecting on this work, its author described the Woodland Road Camp's use of loudspeakers under pillows and included such chapters as \"The Arts of Selling\" and \"What Can Be Done\" One character in this novel ultimately becoms dissilusioned at the \"orgyporgy,\" while another threatens to exile people to Iceland. The Arch-Community-Songster appears in this novel, which opens with a description of how to create clones in the Bokanovsky Process. In it, Lenina and Bernard journey to New Mexico to see John the Savage before a revolt against the use of soma causes Bernard to meet Mustapha Mond. For 10 points, name this Aldous Huxley novel.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e820d4ec03f42b8b6abf3b0e6fc148d",
            "input": "A tree can be seen in the background of this work through a window bisected by a stone column. Beneath the window lies a series of chests, one of which is being searched through by a child in white. The childs caretaker, carrying a large gold and blue garment, looks after the child while on the right a small brown and white dog sleeps peacefully on a couch. Tapestries line the walls near the chests and green and beige tiles line the floor, and a green curtain obscures the back left portion of the room. On a red couch in front of the curtain rests the title character, who holds pink flowers in her hand as she stares at the viewer. For 10 points, name this painting by Titian.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2308b0a902749e5818134fed26e95eb",
            "input": "Cumberland Island is the largest of the Golden Isles, four of thirteen barrier islands off the coast of this state. Brasstown Bald, its highest point, can be found in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which cover its northeastern and north central parts, while rising from its upper Piedmont are the Stone and Kennesaw Mountains. Drained by the Chattahoochee and the Savannah, this is, FTP, which Southern state with its capital at Atlanta",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2da322aaf5df4180981b4e2469782168",
            "input": "A function that gives this quantity at a fixed level of utility is a \"compensated\" function. Changes in the curve that represents this quantity can be the result of the substitution and income effects. The Slutsky equation relates the Hicksian and Marshallian functions of this quantity. Giffen goods do not conform to the namesake law of this quantity. This quantity has a downward-sloping curve, and is defined as the willingness and ability to purchase a commodity or service. For 10 points, name this economic quantity, often paired with supply.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-370906cf9de74ff98b373216e3de9876",
            "input": "A focal point of engagements in this conflict was the fort at Labdalum, and it culminated in a slaughter at the Assinarus River. Walls of circumvallation were built outward from the Epipolae plateau, and Lamachus was killed during a raid on a counter-wall. Superstition over a lunar eclipse caused the attackers to fail to retreat when they had the chance, after which the survivors were left to die in nearby quarries. The official pretext of this conflict was to attack Selinus in support of Segesta. Led by Nicias, it began with the defection of its instigator to Sparta and ended with a disastrous siege of Syracuse. For 10 points, name this phase of the Peloponnesian War supported by Alcibiades, an Athenian expedition to an Italian island.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5bd40a3709634e96b41c0283b69dea1f",
            "input": "Among the speculation surrounding the protagonist of this novel were rumors that he was in fact Captain Kopeykin, and that he was trying to get with the governors daughter, the latter of which was affirmed by a notorious gambler and liar. The main character embarks on his quest after learning that the Trust Committee would mortgage serfs, and on his quest he relieves Maniloff of his tax burden and forges a will in the name of Klobueffs aunt, but forgot to cancel the previous ones. Centering around acts of fraud committed by Pavel Ivanovitch Tchitchikoff, FTP, identify this novel about transactions involving people six feet under by Nikolai Gogol.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6c4bd611d34474f955f58b7dc02cb3c",
            "input": "Derrida borrowed from this man, who said that his three \"mistresses\" were Marxism, psychoanalysis and geology. His The Way of the Masks analyzed American Indians, and he critiqued Elkin's findings in his Totemism Today. But it was his four volume work, influenced by Roman Jakobson, that sought to categorize folktales as a language for which he is best remembered. FTP, name this anthropologist and author of The Savage Mind,  Structural Anthropology, and the aforementioned Mythologiques.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35d69969559a41ea8ae7fc85c5728015",
            "input": "In the first section of this work the narrator describes his obsession with bumping an officer who had once moved him out of the way in a tavern. Later the narrator describes the time he imposed himself on a going away party given by Trudoliubov, Ferfitchkin, and Simonov for Zvierkov in the second section, entitled \"Apropos of the Falling Snow\", which goes on to recount two encounters with a prostitute names Lisa. This follows an opening section in which the narrator attempts to explain his buffoonery and opposition to the rule that \"twice two is four\". FTP, what is this short work composed of the letters of a recluse, written by Fyodor Dostoyevsky",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f4a3fa7d6a942fb8911961b027cdf00",
            "input": "This thinker responded to the idea that the title group must give up their identity for political freedom in On the Jewish Question. He wrote a thorough critique of Hegel's Elements of the Philosophy of Right. This man worked on a treatise that criticized the title system for exploitation of the labor market. Another work cowritten by this thinker described the ideal triumph of the (*) proletariat over the bourgeoisie. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who with Friedrich Engels wrote Das Kapital and The Communist Manifesto.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94cf80dc04fd4c63ab6514552ef0979d",
            "input": "In one work by this author, an older couple named Anne and Bernard drag the middle aged writer Daniel and his attractive younger girlfriend into their domestic struggle. In another work, set during a dream, a train journey forces a nameless traveler to face the evils of the world as represented by the archetypal Tramp, Thug, and Master. Both of those plays, Weekend Quartet and Nocturnal Wanderer, illustrate what this author refers to as \"theatricality,\" a reaction against the \"revolutionary realism\" that dominated his homeland's literary scene at the time. This author of such short stories as \"The Temple\" and \"Buying a Fishing Rod for My Father,\" also wrote a work based on the life of Huineng entitled Snow in August. Still another work follows a narrator who seems to change identities as he/she journeys from Sichuan Province to the fabled Lingshan. For 10 points, identify this author of Soul Mountain.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a36d16728ba441cab0117bc04b9939c2",
            "input": "The parodic nature of one of this composer's works is argued for by William Kinderman and by Alfred Brendel, who gave its movements titles like \"Cheerful Spook\" and \"The Virtuoso at Boiling Point.\" The fourth and last movement of one of his works consists of a Largo introduction and a demanding three-voice fugue. Ludwig Nohl discovered another of his works, whose A minor opening theme is marked \"Poco moto.\" A piano sonata by this composer opens with an Adagio sostenuto movement with the right hand playing triplets, and ends with a stormy Presto agitato. This composer's \"Bagatelle in A Minor\" is more commonly referred to by its dedication to an unknown woman. He composed the Hammerklavier and a piano sonata subtitled \"Quasi una fantasia\" whose nickname was coined by Ludwig Rellstab. For 10 points, name this composer of the Diabelli Variations, Fur Elise and the Moonlight Sonata.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-643d16bee4c949fd9abb6ed88ad08560",
            "input": "This author wrote \"Life's 'great things,' like the Syrian lord / our hearts can do and dare\" in \"The  Cypress-Tree of Ceylon\" In another poem, he wrote \"Oh nebber you fear, if nebber you hear, / De  driver blow his horn!\" during the \"Song of the Negro Boatmen,\" part of \"At Port Royal,\" and he also  wrote \"When faith is lost, when honor dies / The man is dead!\" in a poem condemning (*) Daniel  Webster's endorsement of the Fugitive Slave Act. The title character does not marry the Judge in a  poem that says \"Of all sad words of tongue and pen, the saddest are these: 'It might have been!'\" The  call \"Boys, a path!\" leads to the creation of \"A tunnel walled and overlaid / With dazzling crystal\" in  another of his poems. For 10 points, name this author of \"Ichabod,\" \"Maud Muller,\" and \"Snow-Bound,\"  whose title character says \"Shoot, if you must, this old gray head, but spare your country's flag\" in  \"Barbara Frietchie.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b841a1dce874e42a9c31437c6c95ee1",
            "input": "One character in this novel begins a friendship with a woman who works at the Red Lantern, a brothel, and gives her money to start a new life. One character, Amanda, gets pregnant, and the fathers brother Jaime performs an abortion on her. The central family in this work lives in the estate Tres Marias, and after Rosas death, one character remains silent nine years, only to predict her daughters eventual husband afterward. Esteban Garcia arrests and tortures one character in this novel, and that character, Alba, is protected by her grandmother Claras spirit. For ten points, identify this Magical Realist novel about Blanca Trueba and her mother and daughter, a work by Isabel Allende.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38558bd7608b443cbe150d40b753ef94",
            "input": "Dennis R. Dean has argued that one line in this poem is intended as a quote of Joshua Reynolds, and the lines \"Don't know / Nice, though\" appear in a Desmond Skirrow poem titled for [this poem] \"summarized. \" This poem speaks of a figure that can \"express a flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme,\" and it asks questions like \"what struggle to escape\" and \"what wild ecstasy\" Another section of this poems asks \"what little town by river or sea-shore [. . . ] is emptied of its folk, this pious morn\" This poem describes a (*) \"happy melodist, unwearied, for ever piping songs for ever new\" after claiming that \"heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter. \" This poem addresses \"thou still unravish'd bride of quietness,\" and it ends by proclaiming something \"that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. \" For 10 points, name this poem that claims \"beauty is truth, truth beauty,\" an ode by John Keats.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88e6f6eac0fd4936bb35d57f2c9fcb08",
            "input": "John Braithwaite argues that disintegrative shaming reinforces this behavior, which comes after humiliation according to Jack Katz's The Seductions of [this concept]. The innovator is most susceptible to it according to Robert Merton's strain theory, while Steven Pinker linked it to abortion rates. Segregation of the lower-class by this action prevents rebellions according to Michel Foucault. Coming in malum in se and malum prohibitum forms, it was compensated for \"eye for eye\" in the Code of Hammurabi. An international tribunal in The Hague tries those who commit these actions against humanity. For 10 points, name this law-breaking behavior.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae768d9d9a8f4015835e048cd8b79641",
            "input": "This politician was forced to move after beating William Stanbery with a hickory cane. He ran a trading post among the Cherokee, who named him \"Big Drunk. \" Edward Clark replaced him as Governor of his state because of his vehement opposition to secession, while Anson Jones replaced him in another position. As a commander, he won a battle with the help of cannon nicknamed \"Twin Sisters,\" although direct disobedience of his orders to retreat led to disasters at Bexar and Goliad. For 10 points, name this man who won the Battle of San Jacinto over the forces of Santa Anna, the first elected president of Texas.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13eb9ccee11340c9a4374d57471645aa",
            "input": "It was first discovered in an 1821 experiment using a copper strip and a bismuth strip, although it holds true for any pair of metals. It was discovered that merely holding part of the experimental apparatus was sufficient to cause this to occur. Used to measure temperature accurately in thermocouples, for ten points, name this thermoelectric effect in which an electromotive force is produced in a closed circuit where two junctions of dissimilar conductors are maintained at different temperatures.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-36c061d4628f40f4a7619f3ca576800b",
            "input": "An attack on this man's life failed due to the bullet hitting a photograph of his daughter Anne, who suffered from Down's syndrome. As a former cabinet member, he would launch his appeal of the 18th of June so as to reinvigorate his country's morale. Following the results of the October referendum, he temporarily stepped down, and as his RPF movement didn't gain momentum, his wilderness years would last a total of twelve years, devoted on writing his war memoirs and waiting to be recalled. Called back to service by his country at the verge of civil war and military uprising in 1958, he would change its stumbling political system and act as a stabilizer by changing its constitution. Heavily attacked by street protests in 1968, he again overcame the threat of street riots and civil war and again emerged victorious, only to resign one year later over a relatively minor issue of devolution and reform of the French senate. FTP, who is this French president and general, founder of the fifth republic",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b41704ccc754ff5ab644b2ca7f5b6ae",
            "input": "Krishna was given the gem Syamantaka by the Hindu king of these animals, Jambavantha. Agrius and Oreus were half-human and half this creature before they were turned into birds, and another Greek myth has it that Atalanta was raised by one after being abandoned in the forest. Korean legend states that Tangun, founder of the nation, was born from a woman who had previously been one of these animals. The daughter of Lycaon was turned into one of these animals after Zeus raped her and impregnated her with Arcas, who later almost killed her while hunting. For 10 points, what is this animal into which the nymph Callisto was changed, and is represented in the stars by Ursa Major.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f323c8ff4814d06a436961f2fecd1ff",
            "input": "A prior painting of the same subject includes two lovers in the foreground and a reflection of city lights on the Rhne River. The buildings in the foreground are created with straight strokes, with a church spire just breaking the sky. Venus is created with spiraling strokes, and located slightly left of the center, which some say resembles a yin-yang. To the left of them, cypress trees extend to the heavens. FTP, name this nocturnal portrait of the village of Saint-Remy by Vincent Van Gogh.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5743e003ec84b0186b75eada211ae12",
            "input": "A law that improves on this one is formed by summing permeability times concentration over ion species that are positive and outside, negative and inside, positive and inside, and negative and outside, then diving the sum of the first two terms by the sum of second two and taking a logarithm. This equation can be derived by considering that the reaction quotient for a system of Arrhenius conjugates is the exponential of a standard chemical potential; it is thus a one-species approximation to the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. This equation can also be derived by balancing partial current densities. This equation contains a constant, k T over q, that measures the deviation from standard potential. For 10 points, name this equation that computes reduction potentials for electrochemical cells and that is named for a German chemist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ed7020d3dab440b86a6027d01174e64",
            "input": "This mathematician names an integral to compute the number of times a knot may be mapped onto the sphere, giving the linking number. A formula that sets the integral over a manifold's boundary of the geodesic curvature plus the integral over the manifold of his curvature equal to two pi times the Euler characteristic is named for him and for Bonnet. He is the namesake of a probability distribution which maximizes entropy for a given mean and variance; that distribution is followed by the sums of random variables according to the central limit theorem and has the general form e to negative x squared. For 10 points, name this namesake of the normal distribution.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c9a82e2ab0145f8bc27a8d551b34755",
            "input": "Halogen addition to them creates a mixture of a 1-2 and 1-4 addition product. One preparation of them involves butane undergoing thermal dehydration. Another synthesis of the conjugated variety of this chemical group involves elimination of unsaturated alcohols and alkyl halides. They include a number of useful reagents, including ones named for Chan, Dane, Brassard, Rawal, and Danishefsky. In addition to the conjugated variety, they also occur in isolated and cumulated varieties. Conjugation energy guarantees that the conjugated form is the most stable. For ten points, what is this organic functional group whose 1,3 variety are a principal reactant in the Diels-Alder reaction, and which is characterized by a pair of double bonds.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eefa1700b6df47008ec5d61a57d97b81",
            "input": "It is depicted \"by moonlight\" in an 1885 work by Hercules Brabazon Brabazon, and is shown at \"night\" by Canadian painter James Wilson Morrice. Michele Marieschi lived here until 1735 and painted numerous capriccios of places in it. A man in black talks to a woman wearing a black shawl and a pink dress on a \"street\" in this city in an 1880 painting by John Singer Sargent. It appears \"at dusk\" in a 1908 painting by Claude Monet, which features its Church of San Giorgio Maggiore. It was painted many times by Turner, who depicted the Rialto and a scene \"looking toward the Dogana\" that shows the Grand Canal. FTP, name this Italian city which also appears in many paintings by Canaletto.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66b39e9e86024ca6a53f9614ebe4b5f5",
            "input": "Among his compositions are \"Heart Wounds\" and \"The Last Spring,\" melodies after a popular poem of his nation. His piano works include the Humoresques and 66 Lyric Pieces, among which are the \"Cradle Song\" and \"Wedding Day at Troldhaugen. \"  His first major work was the Piano Concerto in A minor, which was first sight-read by Franz Liszt, but he gained widespread fame with a piece of incidental music he was asked to write in 1876. FTP, name this author of the Holberg Suite and two suites for Peer Gynt, the greatest Norwegian composer.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c885abc1f2204cb4af03c9943a787206",
            "input": "This composer's ballets include Plymouth Town and The Prince of the Pagodas. He featured a Boisterous Bouree and Frolicsome Finale in a work based on tunes he wrote as a child, his Simple Symphony. Each section of the orchestra plays, in sequence, the tune of one of his works subtitled \"\"Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Purcell,\"\" and he used the poetry of Wilfred Owen in (*) War Requiem. Operas such as Peter Grimes were also composed by, for 10 points, which English composer of the Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b96d1eebec21488494e89392b1a49e79",
            "input": "One work by this author describes Narcissus's influence over Nero and the affect that has on Agrippa. He drew on the Old Testament for a play in which Joad and Joas lead the defeat of the titular mother of Ochiozias. In addition to Britannicus and Athalie, another of his works describes Acomat, who attempts to use the title figure and Roxane to take power away from Sultan Amurath in his Bajazet. One work by this author describes Pyrrhus marries Hermione despite his love for the titular mother of Astyanax. In another of this man's works, based on a Euripedes play and set in Troezen, Theseus eventually takes in Aricia as a daughter after Hippolytus is squashed by a sea monster. For 10 points, name this French playwright of Iphegenie, Andromaque, and Phaedra.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9696d71b71ca40c4999f2539291923e7",
            "input": "character in this play tells of a dream in which he had killed hundreds of children while presiding over a ritual sacrifice. Another of its characters remembers working in an electronics store and only communicates through advertising jingles at its beginning. That character recalls his father Frank tearing up an image of the crucifixion, and under the influence of a placebo truth pill he recalls encountering his father at a pornographic film he attends with Jill Mason. While under hypnosis, a main character in this play remembers his childhood encounter with a rider on a beach and the time he bowed to Nugget. In this play, the seventeen year old Alan Strang reveals to the psychiatrist Martin Dysart his belief in the title god and his justification for blinding six horses. For 10 points, name this play by Peter Shaffer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3be7e5fbe42d4a9d8a9d8051c60e1e70",
            "input": "This book mentions that \"every seed-bearing herb\" shall be for food. The sixth part of the yearly reading of the Torah focuses on the Toledot section of this book, while the Hebrew name for its first chapter comes from its first word, Bereshit. Several sections of this book's first chapter end with the phrase, \"And there was evening and there was morning.\" In this book, the central figure instructs, \"Increase and multiply and fill the earth\" to characters made in \"his own image and likeness.\" This book's third verse has the line, \"Let there be light.\" For 10 points, name this book of the Bible in which God creates the heaven and the earth, the first book of the Bible.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-572e7c6f36d04d0c9f253184185f6e76",
            "input": "This author describes A troop of Echoes whose sweet duty / Was but to sing,The wit and wisdom of their king. This author wrote of angels who affirm / That the play is the tragedy, Man, / and its hero the titular creature. He claimed, Here once through an alley Titanic, / of cypress, I roamed with my soul, and he exalted Science! true daughter of Old Time thou art! One of his speakers dreamed dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before, and one of his best-known poems describes a homecoming To the glory that was Greece / And the grandeur that was Rome. FTP, name this poet who described a locale Over the mountains / of the moon, a maiden In a kingdom by the sea, and the tintinnabulation of certain devices.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c1802f38d1c42febf08881279a7f2cb",
            "input": "Two characters in this book achieve fame as singers, and are respectively nicknamed Wee Willie Winkie and The Brass Monkey. William Methwold is secretly the father of one character in this book, and Mary Pereira, who later opens a pickling concern, is responsible for the deception that drives the plot. A child in this novel, Aadam, has enormous ears, which are attributed to his arrival in the world during a state of emergency proclaimed in 1975. The knees and nose of the two central figures have magic powers, though one such character exposes the secret, causing all of his cohorts to be sterilized. For 10 points, name this novel about the Indians born just as the country received its independence, a story of Shiva and Saleem Sinai by Salman Rushdie.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bfb98deed3d841ff885ebfe131776ba0",
            "input": "He painted a combination of dancers and guitarists in El Jaleo, and depicted the brutality of World War I in the painting Gassed. He painted three well-dressed women in The Misses Vickers, and one of his paintings features the four title figures and a pair of large vases, The(*) Daughters of Edward Darley Boit. He took breaks from playing tennis to execute a painting of a pair of girls with lamps, but his best known painting depicts a woman in a dark dress. For 10 points, name this American painter of Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, and Portait of Madame X.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37629e3928a441a48d61fc58a4ab3037",
            "input": "In 1981, Takeda et. al devised a method for fringe-pattern analysis that used this operation to detect small phase variations. Performing this operation on a Dirac comb returns itself. Applying this operation to a function that is in L1 and L2 will necessarily result in a product in L2 by Plancherel's theorem. This operation is unitary by Parseval's relation. Performing this operation on any constant function yields the Dirac delta function, while performing this operation on an image can decompose it into a sum of sines and cosines. Cooley and Tukey developed an algorithm for implementing its \"fast\" variety. For 10 points, name this transformation that takes an input in the time domain and maps it to the frequency domain.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d444214e8fec42c98b0f74bfaa0627ae",
            "input": "This multilinear function can be used to determine orientation in Euclidean spaces, and the Gram is a type of this obtained from integrals of functions. It can be used to find the eigenvalues of an endomorphism, and can be calculated recursively using cofactors, summing the minors multiplied by one or negative one. It is Abelian, while the structure it is calculated from is not, and is not invertible. The Wronskian is obtained from functions and derivatives. When it has a value of one, that structure is unimodular, a value of zero means that structure is singular, and it remains constant under the transpose operation. It is used in Cramer's Rule to solve systems of linear equations. For 10 points, name this mathematical object derived from matrices, which for a two by two matrix can be calculated as a*d - b*c.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-15d396ed648b4fd8945f6542da50452a",
            "input": "This object had a hydrogen atmosphere blown away by solar wind and was thought to develop ridges on its terrain when its neighboring satellite pulled it into an elliptical orbit, squeezing this moon and rumpling its crust. The Hubble Telescope detected an ozone here in 1995, and the Galileo spacecraft has detected a (*) magnetic field around this moon, which is stronger than those found on other satellites. One prominent feature of this moon is the dark plain named Galileo Regio. It is the largest of a group consisting of Callisto, Io, and others that orbit the same planet. For 10 points, identify this moon of Jupiter, the largest satellite in the solar system.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0002d679fb3e473eafa05da410904042",
            "input": "One of the main characters of this work tried to kill himself after reveling in the beauty of an outhouse and encountering the titular figure. It begins with an account of the title character's domination fetishes, and the destructive potential of the female characters is mirrored by a church sermon on the death of John the Baptist. Thoughts of opening a hotel on Lake Como are repeatedly dashed by the title character's feminism, her lover's sadism and class resentment, and Christine's horror at both of them. The entry of the count prompts Jean to command, FTP, what female protagonist of an August Strindberg play to commit suicide",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-806f96520c3b43a687d724d488a275b7",
            "input": "Performing \"electro-deoxidation\" on an oxide of this metal may be able to improve on the current method of producing it and is called the Fray-Farthing-Chen Process. Along with a heavier element, extremely pure varieties of this element can be produced in the crystal bar process. When this element is combined with two oxygen molecules it yields a compound that produces the asterism in star sapphires, rutile.One method for producing the metallic form of this element yields a \"sponge\" form of it and replaced the Hunter Process; the creator of that method also devised a way to produce the chemically similar element, Zirconium.This transition metal is extracted in the Kroll process.For 10 points, name this strong, lightweight element with atomic number 22 and symbol Ti.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae2bf0cde66844e89107c5d014e9548c",
            "input": "Kras, Slovenia, was deforested to supply foundations for the buildings in this location, which is connected to Porto Marghera by the Ponte della Libert. Neighbored by Lido to the southeast and Murano to the northeast, this comune is divided into six sestiere. The acqua alta phenomenon results in flooding of Chioggia and this area, but is not related to the 20th century subsidence of this settlement. Though it includes an island called Giudecca, Cannaregio in the north was the site of its famous Jewish ghetto. For 10 points, what city on the Adriatic is home to historic sites such as the Rialto Bridge and the Grand Canal",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01403b4860e240018c08b75909847535",
            "input": "A bridge in Cody, Wyoming may have inspired this man's painting of a mule-led covered wagon train, Going West. On the way back from a Japanese exhibition, this man's Mural on Indian Red Ground was confiscated by Iranian customs in 2012. He depicted \"a stampede [of] every animal in the American West\" in his work Mural. In 1973, a painting by this student of Thomas Hart Benton was (*) controversially purchased for $1.3 million by the National Gallery of Australia. A line from The Tempest inspired his work Full Fathom Five, while his painting Number 1, 1950 is subtitled Lavender Mist. For 10 points, name this American abstract expressionist whose style of action painting led to his nickname, \"Jack the Dripper\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-555828410d814b4282098e5b47ea8d17",
            "input": "One character in this work speaks in rhymes to his new wife and marvels at her long black hair for the first year of their marriage, but then begins to believe she has been spoiled. In addition to Logan Killicks, one character in this work becomes the mayor and postmaster of an all-black community, while another character in this work criticizes Jody's impotence in public and is beaten before killing her third husband and being acquitted of the crime by an all-white jury. For 10 pointsname this work in which Tea Cake is bitten by a rabid dog, causing Janie Crawford to move back to Eatonville, Florida, a work by Zora Neale Hurston.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0298fe7bbc446f98a9da2321fdadcdf",
            "input": "One of his characters leaves her husband Andre Chazal to win support for her cause, though this life of Flora Tristan is parallel to that of her grandson Paul Gauguin. Another of his characters, Don Anselmo, builds a brothel that houses the young Bonificia. In addition to the aforementioned The Way to Paradise and The Green House, he chronicled a conflict between the Brazilian Army and a group of militant settlers in The War at the End of the World and intimated on his military training in The Time of the Hero. FTP name this Chilean novelist who described a friendship with radio producer Pedro Camancho and a relationship with Uncle Urquidi's wife in Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5976100459ac4f97976028a8ff532d66",
            "input": "Claude Debussy's piano works Masques and L'Isle Joyeuse were inspired by this painting. Its creator produced two versions of this painting, in 1716 and 1718, the earlier of which is in the Louvre. The statue of Venus in the first version is armless and in profile, while in the latter she is intact and in contrapposto. The primary couple is pretty similar in both versions, the woman's blue skirt fully visible under her long silken shawl, a man seemingly nuzzling at her right shoulder. Depicting a \"fete galantes,\" lovers in a pastoral setting, FTP name this classic Rococo set on the island on which Venus was born, a work by Jean-Antoine Watteau.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef62a11d680a4d068215fe346da57b71",
            "input": "Various legends descibe how the body of the losing commander slain at this battle was either displayed for two days at Leicester or merely pitched off a bridge into the River Soar, where it was later found and buried at the Greyfriars Monastery. Though the winning commander managed to gather forces numbering about five thousand during a march to Ambion Hill, he still faced an opponent more than three times as large. This battle saw the death of the Duke of Norfolk as well as the losing commander. Helped in no small part by the treachery of the brothers Sir William and Thomas Lord Stanley, FTP, name this battle of 1485 in which Richard III was slain and Henry Tudor was crowned, ending the Wars of the Roses.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-061bb05029b04fedaaee6933b226c98c",
            "input": "Among the causes of this event are the Doctrine of Lapse, which saw the lands of feudal rulers turned over to the government if a male heir was not chosen, and the circulation of the quote Everything has become red. Sir Hugh Rose led the final campaign against it, and much of the fighting took place in Cawnpore, Lucknow, and Meerut. It was set off by the introduction of the Enfield rifle, which required the biting off of lubricated cartridges, and the participants believed that the lube was a mix of pig and cow lard.FTP, identify this 1857 revolt in British India.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-941271e706894de8a48805640a6a48b8",
            "input": "This man wrote a novella in which a man talks to and ultimately decides to keep an object he had borrowed, a woman's right arm. Many of his short stories are collected in Palm-of-the-Hand Stories. In one work by this man, a family patriarch, Shingo, hears noises that he takes as omens of death, including the title Sound of the Mountain. His most famous work centers on the ballet critic Shimamura, who takes a train to the title location, where he has an affair with Komako, a geisha. For 10 points, name this author of Snow Country.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-204d7e2b2f1b427db4a9ca92adcb9126",
            "input": "Among the Iroquois, this animal was associated with the north wind. Andarta and Artio were Celtic goddesses associated with these creatures. According to Saxo Grammaticus, the Danish hero Hialto gained strength and courage after consuming the flesh and blood of one of these creatures. In Hindu tradition, the king of these animals can be harmed only by avatars of Vishnu and is accidentally killed by Krishna; that king, Jamvuman, helps Hanuman and Rama in the Ramayana. Among Tungusic tribes, this animal is captured, kept for several years, and then sacrificed, and the sacrifice of this animal is the central religious ritual of the Ainu peoples of Japan. A nymph who was transformed into one of these creatures gave birth to Arcas after being seduced by Zeus, who was disguised as Artemis; that nymph was Callisto. For ten points, name this type of creature frequently preyed upon by Lions, Vikings, and Packers in the NFC North.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22bbc34c87c24c0786c6e8714eee5134",
            "input": "In one notable episode, the main character of this work angers an earth goddess by beating his youngest wife during the Week of Peace. In order to avoid appearing weak, that protagonist ignored advice not to take part in the ritual sacrifice of Ikemefuna; later, a misfiring of that protagonist's gun causes his exile. This work's protagonist's favorite child is his daughter Ezinma; he is especially ashamed when his son Nwoye converts to Christianity. Taking its title from Yeats's The Second Coming, it is set in the fictional village of Umuofia. FTP, name this novel about Okonkwo written by Chinua Achebe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4f6ca2c788d4038a2f130898665edce",
            "input": "A 22q11 deletion or DISC1 disruption can predispose individuals to this disorder, which was once called dementia praecox. Those affected lack smooth pursuit and exhibit poor mental flexibility to shifting patterns on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. It's not autism, but the \"refrigerator mother\" is a debunked theory of its occurrence. Haldol, Thorazine, and clozapine are commonly used to treat this disorder, which can manifest negative symptoms, such as flat affect and waxy flexibility, and positive symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations. For 10 points, name this disorder with catatonic and paranoid types, which misleadingly means \"split mind\" in Greek.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-df24c5b3b0304e32b39e16cf13959894",
            "input": "The central figure in this work is possibly based on Simonetta Vespucci. The bottom-left corner of this work displays cattails, while the right side of this painting contains three tall trees and an orange grove in the background, as well as a red-haired figure who extends a red, floral-patterned robe towards the title figure. On the left side of this painting, many roses fall around Chloris and Zephyr, who blow wind towards the title figure as she stands upon a clamshell and emerges from the sea. For 10 points, name this Botticelli painting which depicts the title Roman goddess of love.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4687f7e3d47463d8b092efc8758f5fa",
            "input": "Its significance was identified in 1972 by Kerr, Wylie, and Currie. Affecting scattered single cells, features include the disintegration of cell junctions, cytoplasmic condensation, and fragmentation of the nucleus. A mutation in gene p53 stops this process which cells in the uterine wall undergo monthly. For ten points, name this alternative to necrosis, a programmed form of cell death.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a707eb95ebf441f2a930a648d0a8fbd2",
            "input": "An important critique of this work was published five years after its author's death and asserts that much of this work was based on the made-up stories of two teenagers; that critique is by (*) Derek Freeman. Published with a forward by Franz Boas, it was based on its author's time living on the island of Ta'u where she observed that teenagers living in an open and non-secretive society had relatively stress-free lives compared to their American counterparts. For 10 points, name this influential anthropology book by Margaret Mead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd3bc20416d24053901b9db24395cc90",
            "input": "A suite by a composer from this country contains a piece depicting the procession of Corpus Christi and opens with a piece called \"Evocation\". This country lends its name to an orchestral rhapsody by Emmanuel Chabrier. A set of \"gypsy airs\" called Zigeunerweisen was written by a violin virtuoso from this country. That man was the dedicatee of a violin concerto by Edouard Lalo whose title suggests it is a (*) \"symphony\" from this country. A composer from this country included the \"Ritual Fire Dance\" and the \"Dance of the Miller's Wife\" in, respectively, his ballets Love, the Magician and The Three-Cornered Hat. For 10 points, name this home country of Isaac Albeniz and Manuel de Falla, the former of whom composed Iberia.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-248962c934264c5cae1f4d9174b2d6b2",
            "input": "In one of this man's paintings, a man with a knife kneels on the ground next to two men dueling on horseback. In another, a plain woman with a white shirt and brown hair looks to the right with wide eyes. In addition to Combat of Giaour and Hassan and Orphan Girl in a Cemetary, another of this man's works features a man wearing a turban overlooking the titular slaughter of Greeks and is titled The Massacre at Chios. A black servant is the only moving member of the titular group in his Women of Algiers, and another work features a woman walking amongst fallen bodies and carrying the French flag. For 10 points, name this artist of Liberty Leading the People.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-889dc24f46e14c52959e038681443ca1",
            "input": "A poem addressed to this man suggests that one of his own works described men dressed \"half like Romans and half like the Knave of Hearts\". This man, who is told to \"hang it all\" because \"there can be but one Sordello\" in Ezra Pound's Three Cantos, opened his collection Men and Women with a poem that abruptly concludes \"Love is best\" called \"Love (*) Among the Ruins\". One of this poet's speakers describes how \"tonight's gay feast\" could not \"restrain / a sudden thought of one so pale\" and relates that a certain woman \"has not said a word!\" after being strangled with her own hair. The subject of his most famous poem is accused of having \"a heart too soon made glad\" by a man who proudly describes Fra Pandolf's painting of her. For 10 points, name this British poet of such dramatic monologues as \"Porphyria's Lover\" and \"My Last Duchess\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f50e4690116d4d1388f5c7194e43d104",
            "input": "In one myth about him he is comforted by Thetis after being driven out of the land of Lycurgus of Thrace. Another tells of his kidnapping by pirates whom he turns into dolphins when they jump off the ship. He was cared for in his childhood by the nymphs of Nysa as well as his aunt Ino. He is often given as the father of Priapus and Deianira and his tutor was Silenus. Born from the thigh of Zeus after his mother, Semele, perished when she saw Zeus in his god-form, FTP, name this leader of the maenads and god of revelry and wine.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8fc267ada404b21ba353cc850213f7e",
            "input": "dynasty won at the Battle of Ningyuan with Yuan Chonghuan commanding 10,000 troops against a force of over 60,000. This dynasty heavily relied on silver imports, but still forbade much naval trade with haijin because Wokou harassed the coastline. Although the first emperor of this dynasty, who was a former peasant, banned eunuchs from public participation, by the time of the Wanli emperor, eunuchs regained prominence. One emperor of this dynasty came to power twice, once as Zhengtong and again as Tianshun because he was captured by the Mongols. Although originally based in Nanjing, this dynasty's tombs are located near Beijing, the capital of this dynasty. Suffering the Tumu Crisis and ruled by the Zhu family, this dynasty's first emperor came to power as a leader of the Red Turban Rebellion to defeat the previous Yuan dynasty. For 10 points, name this last native Chinese dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e92f23c7825d40fa987fa4f6f4807dcd",
            "input": "Dante Gabriel Rosetti described how this man \"stayed the knout's red-ravening fangs. \" His reign saw the introduction of the markka currency after he reestablished the Diet of Finland, and this man appointed Pyotr Shubalov as head of his secret police. In addition to establishing local assemblies called zemstvos, he passed an army statute implemented by Dmitry Milyutin which provided military training for all young men. He gave broad powers to his interior minister Mikhail Loris-Melikhov, whose namesake constitution was still being planned when the terrorist group People's Will assassinated this man. FTP, name this Russian czar who emancipated the serfs.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf9c4baa28504ca1919b8c53a81a3192",
            "input": "During the Civil War, Union commander John Slough defeated Charles Pryon at this current state's Glorieta Pass. Later, this state's Lincoln County was the site of a conflict involving John Chisum, Pat Garret, and the outlaw Billy the Kid. It is home to the White Sands Proving Ground, where the \"Trinity\" test was conducted. For 10 points, name this home state of the Los Alamos nuclear laboratory.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24b134d5285c4e178d8c04124d5731ff",
            "input": "Highly symmetric designs known as Veve are religious symbols used to represent worshiped figures in this religion, and uninitiated members of this religion are known as bossale. Some important entities of this religion are serpents known as Simbi and a forest element known as Grand Bois. Priests for hire in this religion are sometimes known as Bokor, and they can create a talisman known as an ouanga to house spirits. Priests of this faith are known as houngan, and it refers to its god as Bondye. FTP, name this religion whose spirits are known as loa and whose mythos involves zombies, predominantly found in West Africa and Haiti.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7423a90a3a3e42c6a384207aa014f17b",
            "input": "The two attendants Yaksha and Yakshini look after the needs of these figures. Two of them are always artistically depicted with cobra hoods over their heads, while all others are depicted in the Kayotsarga posture with their right hand over their left lap. The gender of one of these people, Mallinath, is disputed. Each is smaller than the one that came before him, with the oldest, Rishabha, or Lord Bull, being 1,500 meters tall and living billions of years ago. With a name meaning \"ford makers\" and numbering twenty-four in total ending with Mahavira, for ten points name these holy figures from Jainism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f6433a68c9342439f832e28da3643bc",
            "input": "One man's bent wrist in this painting mirrors the bent wrist of Adam in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam. A boy clad in black and white in this work stares at the hand of Saint Peter and has a sword on his left hip. This painting's companion works are in the Contarelli Chapel and depict the \"Inspiration\" and \"Martyrdom\" of the title figure. The four-panel window at the top-right corner of this painting is illuminated by a single shaft of light, which shines down onto the central apostle, who is pointing at himself. For 10 points, name this Caravaggio painting of the \"calling\" of the title tax collector.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0e3e8b300234353a1d12ae690b9ebb7",
            "input": "The proportionality constant is plotted against the Sommerfeld number in the Stribeck curve, and Dahl's model gives the magnitude of this phenomenon as a function of displacement. Though it is not ferromagnetism, hysteresis operators are used to describe this phenomenon in the Bliman-Sorine Model. The LuGre model for it originally did not account for non-local memory, and the most common model for it describes interaction between asperities. The first empirical laws regarding it were developed by Coulomb who names a \"dry\" form of this force, and it is proportional to the normal force exerted on the object. For 10 points, identify this force which always opposes the motion of an object and comes in static and kinetic varieties.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dec4443fce1f4741b64b5a0bfdfef49a",
            "input": "Adherents of this religion believe in a seven tiered heaven where the top level is reserved for liberated souls. Practitioners of this religion believe that the earthly realm, or jambudnoa, also has seven parts, but that deliverance is only possible in three of these. Central to this religion are twenty-four omniscient beings called Tirthankaras, and the two main branches of this religion are Svetambara and Digambara, or white-clad and sky-clad. For 10 points, name this Indian religion whose followers practice a severe form of nonviolence known as Ahimsa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3de1b5bf3307431d81dcc0344f58df6a",
            "input": "This author wrote a novel whose title character saves Mordecai's sister from drowning, encounters the gambling Gwendolen Harleth, and searches for the family of Mirah Lapidoth. Another of this author's novels sees one character abandon her baby while searching for its father, Captain Donnithorne. One of this author's novels sees a character courted by Phillip Wakem and Stephen Guest named Maggie Tulliver. Another work by this author of Daniel Deronda and Adam Bede sees Reverend Causabon die, leaving his widow Dorothea Brooke to marry Will Ladislaw. For 10 points, name this author of The Mill on the Floss and Middlemarch.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-346b6079fd394eb1aa7106e0eb83b250",
            "input": "One character with this last name gives his son a name meaning \"the mind is at last at rest\" because he is grateful to sire a son after having many daughters. A character of this name divorces his wife Ma Blackie, and refuses to let Chike marry Aku-nna because he is descended from slaves in Buchi Emecheta's The Bride Price. Another man with this last name visits Funchal while on a boat trip with Mr. Macmillan, and declares that he is tired of \"boiled potatoes\" while at a restaurant with his friend Joseph. That character with this surname is sent to England to study law thanks to a scholarship from the UPU, is put on trial for taking bribes after being caught in a sting operation, and has a controversial relationship with the osu Clara. Another character with this name kills his adopted son Ikemefuna and hangs himself after chafing against the British colonial presence in Umuofia. For 10 points, give this name of the main character in Things Fall Apart.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b756b9600794725b6aa74234cf8da4f",
            "input": "The amphiblastula forms after inversion of the stomoblastula in members of this phylum. A member of it is affected by red band syndrome and another is known as Venus's-flower-basket. Members of this only phylum in subkingdom Parazoa survive cold and dry conditions by forming gemmules. The osculum is found in members of it, which is divided into asconoid, syconoid, and leuconoid types. Organized at the cellular level, they have a mesohyl with skeletal elements called spicules. For 10 points, identify this \"pore bearing\" phylum, members of which have choanocytes and are also known as sponges.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-558ebf1f01e1443db3979ff4141bcb39",
            "input": "His Four Studies in Rhythm include two pieces entitled \"Island of Fire,\" and also contains a piece sometimes considered the first work of total serialism, Mode de valeurs et d'intensits. His keyboard works include the Livre du Saint-Sacrament for solo organ, as well as a piece that contains such movements as Premiere communion de la Vierge. That work is a suite written for his wife Yvonne Loriod entitled Vingt regards sur l'enfant Jsus. He is best known for a work in eight movements which begins with the \"Liturgy of Crystal\" and was composed while he was a prisoner of the Nazis in World War II. FTP, name this 20th-century French composer of the Quartet for the End of Time.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b373a47d61ae4e309ea5bd6f29133c0a",
            "input": "Nicholas of Cusa studied them while attempting to find the area of a circle by integration, Vincenzo Viviani found a method of constructing tangents with them, and Charles Bouvelles discussed them in 1501 as a mechanical means of squaring the circle. Pascal thought about them to take his mind off of a toothache, and later wrote a \"History of\" them. No matter where a particle is placed on an inverted one of these, it takes the same time to slide to the bottom, according to the Tautochrone problem. Also the solution to the Brachistochrone problem, this was named by Galileo, who suggested that arch bridges be built in the shape of this, and Huygens proposed that pendulum clocks swing in this kind of arc. FTP, name this curve traced out by a point on the circumference of a circle as the circle rolls along a straight line.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a52fd130798247e08383e6b81a433abd",
            "input": "One title character of this work is freed near the end of the novel and his manuscript of a novel about Pontius Pilate is restored. At the opening of this novel, two characters argue about whether Jesus was real or not, before they meet a foreigner near Patriarch's Pond in the park, who predicts that Berlioz will be decapitated. In another episode in this novel, Azazello gives a cream to Natasha and the other title character, who become witches and fly naked through the city before throwing a ball for the foreigner. For 10 points, identify this novel that alternates between scenes from the crucifixion of Christ and scenes of twentieth-century Moscow at the time of the appearance of Satan as a professor named Woland, the masterpiece of Mikhail Bulgakov.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9fea8d585584ff38be9ffdc158b0280",
            "input": "One important metabolic pathway named for a compound containing this element generates ornithine and its namesake substance, urea. Pyrimidine and purine bases, such as adenine and thymine, are often given a name that reflects their containing this element. Bacteria fix this element by forming ammonia. For 10 points, name this element found in the amino group of amino acids, whose diatomic form is an inert gas.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8743a676ecb4445ac8fcca6758033fe",
            "input": "This author wrote \"the sword is conquered by the pike\" in a poem whose first titular figure's children is told \"your bowels howl with hunger like an old dog. \" Another of his poems sees the title figure claim \"You mounted on the ass and rode along, trampling the flowers and palms beneath your feet\" and that poem begins by asking \"What does God do with that huge storm of curses that rises daily to the Seraphim\" That first poem addresses the separate races of the two titular (*) Biblical brothers, while that second one is called \"The Denial of St. Peter,\" which appears alongside another poem by this author that describes \"the depths of hell\" where the titular prince of darkness \"vanquished, dreamed in Silence. \" For 10 points, name this author of the poem The Litanies of Satan which can be found in his Revolt section of the collection Les Fleurs du Mal.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03fa1fa60f8244519fc7a3656ecfbf18",
            "input": "Insect species can have up to nineteen different recognition proteins for this substance; those receptors are divided into hard and soft transcripts. Monomers of this molecule are assembled in the cytosol where they are attached to a carrier known as bactoprenol. A pseudo- version of this compound can render ineffective a cell's lysozyme; the lysozyme degrades the normal variety. Its structure consists of alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid liked by beta one four glycosidic bonds. This substance is dehydrated by alcohol, then traps insoluble (*) crystal violet-iodine complexes in the usual assay for detecting it; it is surrounded by a lipopolysaccharide coat in organisms negative for that technique. FTP, name this substance that makes up the majority of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-41876046654d4811b05eaa5f02fb36fd",
            "input": "Modified by the Sin3 complex, they have chaperones such as NAP-I and CAF-I while a variant of one of these named CENP-A generates new binding sites. Discovered by Kossel, these conserved proteins are replaced by protamines during spermatogenesis. Composed of a high proportion of positively charged amino acids, they have an N-terminal extension called a \"tail\" that can be acetylated. The linker type is not included in the octamer that consists of the core ones: H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. For 10 points, name these proteins that pack DNA in chromatin.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3ca18c38117443cad1f1fd2ced0cf9e",
            "input": "At Magdala on Good Friday in 1868, Robert Napier crushed the forces of this entity, whose ruler then committed suicide. Kassai replaced Abuna Salama, the head of the Orthodox Church in this country before becoming emperor, while the Battle of Wofla was fought near the end of its war with the Adal Sultanate. Mengistu became head of state after the Derg deposed the then-ruler; that ruler had led this nation in its second war with Italy, the first of which ended with a victory at Adowa. FTP, name this African nation whose leaders have included Menelik II and Haile Selassie and has its capital at Addis Ababa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a040c64eb0a34df4b7b8c151cb6b8213",
            "input": "Among his chief works was the apology for Christianity, \"Compendium revelationum,\" which was later placed on the Index. This man came to power as head of the party known as the \"Weepers,\" for their complaints about the lack of morality in their time. His followers lit two major \"bonfires of the vanities,\" the second of which followed his conviction for heresy. Welcoming Charles VIII into his city, he hoped for French reform of what he believed to be the corrupt court of Pope Alexander VI. FTP, name this figure who was hanged and burned in 1498, the Dominican friar that ruled Florence after the exile of the Medici.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c37dd24d84d64b6a9f918fb656864e82",
            "input": "This city houses the headquarters of OPEC as well as the International Atomic Energy Agency. In 1857, this city's ancient walls were demolished in favor of a Ringstrasse_,_ now lined by many notable buildings such as the Rathaus, the Hofburg Palace, and the State Opera. This city's St. Stephen's Cathedral features a distinctive tiled roof characterized by its colored zigzag pattern and prominent double-headed eagles. This city's Schonbrunn Palace was the summer residence of rulers like Maria Theresa and Franz Joseph. For 10 points, name this former center of Habsburg power and current capital of Austria.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dae0915be31245808b157feeed8a0aa2",
            "input": "Attached as an amendment to a bill authorizing appropriation for territorial purchase, it was never enacted, although it became the focus of national controversy for 4 years. Named after a Pennsylvania Democrat, it motioned to exclude slavery from any territory acquired from Mexico. FTP name, this 1846 motion.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f617f5010a947e296a03781de40c8b4",
            "input": "This man wrote about The Epicurean, The Stoic, and The Platonist in separate essays included in his Essays, Moral and Political, while his gold-flow theory is described in the anti-mercantilist work Political Discourses. This author of a History of England also wrote a work introducing a microscope, razor, and fork as tools of philosophical inquiry. Besides A Treatise of Human Nature, he wrote about discussions between Cleanthes, Philo, and Demea in Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, but he remains best known for a work which discusses a missing shade of blue and contains a section titled On Miracles. FTP, name this Scottish empiricist philosopher and author of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a588150100c41c6bb1e4ebe7895ec19",
            "input": "Creator of the painted wooden crucifix in Sta Maria Novella, this man received the world's first technical patent for an invention that he claimed would help him haul marble down the Arno River. Originally a goldsmith and sculptor, he designed the Pazzi chapel and the Church of the Santo Spiritu after he lost a bid to design the gates of the Florence Baptistery to Lorenzo Ghiberti. FTP, name this first great Renaissance architect best-known for his design of the dome of the Florence cathedral.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11efba391d9d4dbe91108bda91a4cd9f",
            "input": "This battle resulted from an attempt to relieve a besieged army that had been defeated in the Battle of Gravelotte, Marshal Bazaine's Army of the Rhine. Although the winning side used inferior needle guns, this battle was decided by the superiority of Krupp field artillery, which would later be used to besiege Paris. In this battle, the Third Army and Meuse Army encircled the Army of Chalons. Helmuth von Moltke defeated and captured Napoleon III, leading to the collapse of the Second French Empire. For 10 points, name this decisive battle of the Franco-Prussian War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a9c861e671949e888571efef128b801",
            "input": "An army from this country won the 1513 Battle of Novara, giving this country temporary control of\\n Milan. The Field of Rutli is considered the place where this country was founded, and was also the site of a\\n 1940 rally led by General Henri Guisan, who commanded this country's forces during World War II. Early\\n in its history, this country won the Battle of Mortgarten, preventing its annexation by the Habsburgs. The\\n Kapel Wars were fought between Catholics and Protestants in this country, which is home to several\\n valleys where Romansch is spoken. This country is currently composed of 26 cantons. For 10 points, name\\n this Alpine country in Europe, known for its neutrality.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e35cdf47badb4740a86316efa37df0b7",
            "input": "The person on the left side of this painting, wearing an apron and sailor trousers, is next to a kneeling man with green trousers, a black suit, and black top hat. That man's knee is on the same cobblestones as the hands of the person with a blue shirt and red bandana who is looking up. The right side of this work shows a student with a cartridge pouch carried in a sling over his shoulder and with a gun in each hand. There are also wounded bodies lying on the ground, and the central figure has a loose yellow dress and is holding up a flag. Name this work set during the July Revolution showing the tricolor flag of France, painted by Eugene Delacroix [deh-lah-kwah].",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5555e3004bcb4a05a90349f46dc119ec",
            "input": "The Satsuma Rebellion occurred during this period. Most political power during this period was held by Choshu and Tosa clan leaders, in spite of an authoritarian constitution drafted by Ito Hirobumi. Founded under the slogan \"Enrich the country and strengthen the military,\" this period's philosophy was espoused in the Charter Oath and propagated the return of imperial rule. Occurring after the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868, FTP, identify this period of modernization in Japanese history known as the \"restoration\" of its namesake emperor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cfd37df992354628987c317e13b64b35",
            "input": "This man's third symphony was originally composed for the 19 strings in the Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra and features a chaconne as its third movement. His trilogy of \"portraits of nature\" consists of The Light, The Canyon, and Itaipu, while his later symphonies include the Ginsberg-inspired Plutonian Ode and the Toltec. His eponymous six-movement chamber work includes the piece \"Facades\", which was drawn from his score to Godfrey Reggio's Koyaanisqatsi. This man adapted the Hymn to the Sun and the Book of the Dead for the third of his \"portrait\" operas, Akhenaten. For 10 points, name this American minimalist who scored films like The Hours and The Truman Show.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f70ebeaaee2e4b8784c22af842a770cd",
            "input": "Particles of dielectric materials may be separated in a fractionation method that uses a nonuniform one of these. Band-bending occurs because it varies linearly in a depletion layer. Symmetric top molecules undergo line-splitting in their microwave spectrum due to the application of one of these. Modulators for active Q-switching lasers rely on an effect in which crystals lacking inversion symmetry become birefringent in linear proportion to the magnitude of one of these. Its flux through a surface is proportional to enclosed charge, and its curl is equal to the negative time partial of the magnetic field. Its magnitude is proportional to one-over-r for a line charge, and it is proportional to one over r squared for a point charge. For 10 points, name this vector field given in units of volts per meter.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-478726fc3aaa4ac9a69a989835c95228",
            "input": "Several of his early works, including such operas as Cleonice, Demofoonte, and Artaserse, were written with librettist Pietro Metastasio. He had begun composing an opera based on the Song of Roland, but the discovery that Niccolo Piccini was given the same libretto to work on sparked a rivalry in the Parisian press and motivated him to compose Armide. Collaboration with the librettist Calzabigi resulted in the composition of the ballets Semiramide and Don Juan, as well as an opera featuring the \"Dance of the Blessed Spirits\" and another in whose preface he declared his intent to \"restrict music to its true office of serving poetry. \" FTP, identify this German classical composer of \"reform\" operas such as Alceste and Orfeo et Euridice.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f643bb0ecc9c43bf8c11e19f87d22d98",
            "input": "During his reign he built a string of forts from Rhacotis to beyond El-Alamein, suggesting trouble on the western border. In the 34th year of his reign he married the daughter of Khattushilish; this peace stands in sharp contrast to a conflict begun in the fourth year of his reign when he had to defend his vassal state Amurru. To do so, he led a force across the Orontes river before he was ambushed by forces under Muwatalli II at the battle of Kadesh. Despite the inconclusive battle against the Hittites, grandstanding accounts of his exploits appear at Abydos, the Temple of Luxor, Karnak, and Abu Simbel alongside busts of his wife, Nefertiti. For 10 points, name this nineteenth century BC pharaoh of Egypt son of Seti I.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6834545469c3460a9cfa10527440238a",
            "input": "The beneficial type of this concept would be produced by such factors as the development of an AIDS vaccine, a better educational system, or a more efficient highway system. Costs of this type are not factored into the GDP; therefore, the GDP overstates economic welfare. FTP, name this economic concept in which a third party is affected by production or consumption of a commodity.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e464d0ecfb44d818fa37748807bdfc6",
            "input": "This man's namesake elasticity describes surface tension resistance when a surface is stretched, and can be applied to surface-tension-related mass transfer in an effect named for this man and Marangoni. For a mixture at constant temperature and pressure, the change in the chemical potential of the system can be obtained using an equation named for this man and Duhem. Another equation named for this man is used to calculate the degrees of freedom of a system depending in part on its number of components. For 10 points, name this man with a namesake phase rule and a thermodynamic quantity useful in predicting the spontaneity of a chemical reaction, his free energy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51cc8d0f6fd44a6aa4d0df70fde906b8",
            "input": "The speaker of a poem by this man describes a rose that \"grows and smells\" \"not of itself\" but of his lover, whose kiss he considers a fine substitute for wine. Another poem by this man mourns a child \"lent to [him]\" for \"seven years\" whom he regards as \"his best piece of poetry,\" and is entitled \"On My First Son.\" At the end of one of this author's plays, a villainous servant is forced to become a galley slave, and the forced retirement of an old gentleman results in property inheritance for Bonario, the son of Corbaccio. This author of \"Song to Celia\" and creator of Mosca also wrote a play in Epicure Mammon is convinced that Jeremy and Subtle have the philosopher's stone. For 10 points, name this British poet and playwright of Volpone and The Alchemist.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6d4d427b152545ddb61ce88990ae4ad6",
            "input": "This work asserts that is is \"not improbable\" that a Trojan army led by a \"Northern king\" \"would have driven Agamemnon and Achilles into the sea more decisively than the Greek hexameter routs the alliterative line. \" Originally delivered as the seventh Israel Gollancz Memorial Lecture, this essay claims that the work it addresses is \"wild\" only in the sense that King Lear is \"silly\" and repeatedly critiques the notion that its subject places \"the unimportant things at the centre and the important on the outer edges. \" This work quotes and attacks W. P. Ker's assertion that \"there are other things in the lives of Hercules and Thesues besides the killing of the Hydra or of Procrustes,\" whereas another figure has \"nothing else to do. \" Claiming that \"a man might well exchange for one good dragon what he would not sell for a wilderness,\" this essay notes that there are only two important dragons in all of northern literature, the other being Fafnir. This lecture claims that a certain work ought to be studied to promote \"understanding the poem as a poem\" rather than as a mere historical or linguistic source and disputes the notion that battles with fantastic creatures render literature unserious. For 10 points, identify this lecture by J. R. R. Tolkien which defends the quality of an anonymous Old English poem.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08f92ba5b7634079a2c1cb6d3c9e45fb",
            "input": "This artist was influenced by his early consumption of James Gibbs' Rules for Drawing the Several Parts of Architecture, and his first creation drew from the Semple House. Frederick D. Nichols asserts that his reading of Roland Frart de Chambrays Parallle de larchitecture antique et la moderne made him obsessed with octagons, (+) exemplified in the garden and general layout of the Poplar Forest house he designed. Charles-Louis Clerisseau introduced this man to the French \"cubist\" style of architecture and sparked his enthusiasm for the Maison Carree, later adapted into a building he designed for his home polity's capitol (*) building. One of his final creations, known as The Rotunda, was essentially a half-scale Pantheon and was flanked by five pavilions on either side, an idea drawn partially from William Thornton. Probably his best known work contained Mulberry Row on the same property and drew heavily from his reading of Palladio. FTP, identify this architect best known designing the University of Virginia and his home, Monticello.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a4ad5a0bebd47359f3c331cfbf8f9c3",
            "input": "compound can be used in rocket propellants, and corrosion of metal by it can be inhibited by phosphorous pentafluoride or a small amount of hydrogen fluoride. Another early process to produce this compound involved blowing air through an arc furnace at temperatures greater than 3000 C, cooling the products, and bringing them into contact with water, and was developed by Birkeland and Eyde. It is commonly added to solutions to remove unwanted ions which react with silver nitrate in a test for halide ions. It has two \"fuming\" forms; it appears white when highly concentrated, and red when an additional precursor is added to the solution. For 10 points, name this strong acid which is formed in the Ostwald Process and can be used with sulfuric acid to add an NO2 group to an aromatic ring.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6d1eae7e8f7d4785b5a25bb15f6b8e39",
            "input": "This poet wrote that to get with child a mandrake root is more likely than to find a woman true, and fair in one poem. This author delivered a deathbed sermon about Deaths Duel and wrote that virtuous men pass mildly away in a poem that uses a compass metaphor to connect him to his love. This author of the lines Go and Catch a Falling Star tells the listener to \"mark this\" titular creature that suckd me first, and now sucks thee\" in his poem The Flea. This poet coined the phrase For whom the bell tolls in his Meditation XVII and wrote the sonnet Death Be Not Proud. For 10 points name this English poet of A Valediction Forbidding Mourning.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1109b7667f8543fe9a32cf981cf41172",
            "input": "This ruler faced a scandal when Amy Robsart, the wife of Robert Dudley, died by falling down some stairs. This ruler was dubbed a \"servant of crime\" and excommunicated in the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis, a response to the passage of the Second Act of Supremacy. Anthony Babington's plan to assassinate this ruler was uncovered by spymaster Francis Walsingham. This ruler ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots and sent Francis Drake to defeat the Spanish Armada. For 10 points, name this Tudor monarch, the \"Virgin Queen\" of England.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f52d48eb8de46f09cb51f5079d006f9",
            "input": "I of Hungary married the daughter of one Duke of this region, which was ruled by the Wittelsbachs and reunited by Duke Albert IV. One conflict fought over the succession of this region called the Potato War was ended with the Peace of Tetschen, and was caused by Joseph II's attempts to control it. The Duke of Marlborough fought the Battle of Blenheim in this region during the War of Spanish Succession. Henry the Lion was the Duke of Saxony and this state, and other rulers of this state included Ludwig II, also called Ludwig the Mad. For 10 points, name this South Western German state, with capital at Munich.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b89560991d9413988ece1e296e16a0a",
            "input": "This universal property of all spinless boson systems can be derived exactly for all charged scalar fields at any temperature. This property is most easily observed in symmetric electronic structures such as ionic crystals. Materials with this property do not fit into the assumptions of Earnshaws theorem, as they have negative susceptibility. Bismuth has the highest elemental value for this property, and superconductors demonstrate the perfect variety of this property when they expel magnetic fields. For ten points, identify this type of magnetism employed in a namesake type of levitation and distinguished from paramagnetism.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9594238143d5495b8a99d15c1268a72c",
            "input": "His relentless attacks on Christianity can be seen in his essay Of National Characters, which was later added to his two volume Essays, Moral and Political. Criticized for defending Charles I in his 1754 History of England, this philosopher established a system of morality based on utility and human sentiments alone in his Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, but is more famous for a work containing the essay Of Miracles. FTP, identify this Scottish empiricist philosopher, the author of Treatise of Human Nature and Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be7c62323fec407e93be180153441a5a",
            "input": "This composers vocal works include a Korean Partisan Song and a Firemens Song. His earliest regularly encountered piece is a Piano Concerto in D-flat major featuring an instrument called the flexitone, and his patriotic second symphony in E minor, sometimes called the Bell Symphony, remains the most noted of his three symphonies. His diverse inspirations include music for Lopes comedy The Valencian Widow and his Masquerade Suite on a drama by Lermontov. But, this composer of Happiness is more famous for pieces which include the Dance of the Pirates, the Dance of the Rose Maidens, and Lezhginka. FTP, name this composer of the ballets Spartacus and Gayane, which contains the famous Sabre Dance, a man born in Armenia.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0bd87f897188461eb680f829c5562887",
            "input": "Thalassemia patients have a reduced quantity of these cells, which can be measured using the mean corpuscular volume. The schizont phase of malaria is found within these cells. At the end of their lifespan, which is about 120  days, these cells are relocated to the spleen and destroyed. The body condition when a low number of these cells are present is anemia. These cells, which do not have nuclei, gain their color from an iron-containing protein known as hemoglobin. For 10 points, name these cells in the bloodstream, which carry oxygen throughout the body.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba9101447e3f4294b721776ad05d2ccc",
            "input": "One of the men in this work holds a list in his left hand and sits beside another gentleman who is standing in front of a broadsheet that bears the artist's signature and the date of its composition. Painted during the artist's time at Uylenburgh's workshop, it depicts an event that took place on January 31 of the same year that another figure in this work was punished for committing armed robbery. Its namesake was well known in his time for publishing a work describing the then unknown symptoms of Beri-Beri. That subject is surrounded by a group of black-clad onlookers, wears a large floppy hat, and holds a pair of forceps over the flayed arm of a man stretched out on a table. For 10 points, identify this 1632 work commissioned by the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons, a work by Rembrandt.\r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62d35a1d2db74d909b90af3230679836",
            "input": "It regulates the expression of cis-Nat genes in Arabidopsis, and its failure is the cause of the FMR1 mutation in fragile X syndrome. Drosha and Pasha are proteins that disrupt exportin-mediated transport involved in this process, which leaves behind subcomponents that bind to foreign molecules and targets them for the RDE-1 nuclease. Dicer cuts out the stem and loop structure of the double strand precursor to create a single strand template used by the RISC complex to repress translation or destroy messenger templates. Earning a Nobel prize for Andrew Fire and Craig Mello, FTP name this naturally occurring gene silencing process also used by biologists to inhibit gene expression, often using micro RNA or siRNA.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f6861e5e36d476087e442cf6b2ad88f",
            "input": "After the bill in question was defeated in Congress, William Waters' attempts at maintaining order up and down the tents and shanties along the Anacostia River fell on deaf ears and tensions rose. Under pressure from local authorities Generals Perry Miles and Douglas MacArthur were called in to drive out the demonstrators resulting in the death of one veteran and the appropriation of 100,000 to appease the protestors. FTP identify this 1932 gathering of WWI veterans who demanded extra payment for wartime services.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4aa5967af1024ed88ff2915a639d8646",
            "input": "Pathological enlargement of this organ is called Menetrier's disease, and hematemesis can result from persistent bleeding in it. The uppermost portion of this organ is called the fundus, which contains glands whose chief cells secrete zymogens. Another secretion of this organ is necessary for B12 absorption and is called (*) intrinsic factor. Its surface area is increased by folds called rugae. This organ's parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid, which, along with enzymes like pepsin, works to produce chyme from macerated food. For 10 points, name this organ between the esophagus and the small intestine.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-daca3a20584047868202882e7c38f091",
            "input": "Some of this man's later works were created for television, including a score for the 1942 adaptation of his opera The Pilgrim's Progress as well as an adaptation of his seventh symphony for Scott of the Antarctic. His first choral symphony is a setting of parts of five Walt Whitman poems, including \"A Song For All Seas, All Ships. \" This mans operas also include one featuring a prize fight between the title character and John the butcher, as well as a direct adaptation of a J.M. Synge play. Hugh the Drover and Riders to the Sea were composed by, FTP, which British composer, who also created The Lark Ascending, the London Symphony, and Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e02d3dd693434fd79ec325001e010aeb",
            "input": "quantity is constant in the body frame of an object, but has a time dependence in the space frame given by the position times this quantity in the body frame times the inverse of the position. For a random object, finding this quantity involves taking the integral of an outer product. Half of the time derivative of this quantity is equal to the scalar virial. This quantity provides the coefficients of the axes in Poinsot's ellipsoid. Euler's equations has this quantity in a dot product with the time derivative of angular velocity. The products of this 2nd order symmetric tensor form the non-diagonal term in the tensor matrix while the principal ones of this tensor form the diagonal in the tensor matrix. Given this quantity for one axis, one can find it for another axis with the Parallel Axis theorem. For 10 points, name this quantity that for a hoop is one-half times mass times the radius of gyration.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa329f1df7e843d0ba5d3597b2c0e11f",
            "input": "One composer from this country composed a harp concerto and the Concertante Variations during his \"subjective nationalist\" period, which was followed by the techniques of his \"neo-expressionist period\". That period was highlighted by his first piano concerto, which ends with a famous \"Toccata\", as well as an opera about the last Visigothic king of Spain. Another composer from this country had his chamber works collected in Yiddishbbuk and created St. Mark's Passion, which premiered in 2000. In addition to Osvaldo Golijov and the composer of Don Rodrigo, Alberto Ginastera, this country was home to a man whose works such as La Camorra revolutionized this nation's banodeon-heavy national dance. For 10 points, name this South American country, home of Astor Piazolla's \"nuevo tango\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1eec3583c44841d5ac586fe306c6d9ee",
            "input": "He was the first to equip his knights with Percheron horses, explaining their military effectiveness. His great-grandfather the \"Elder of Landen\" first served in the post that became hereditary for his family, though he would step out of that post after defeating the Neustrians. His greatest victory however came over Abd-ar-Rahman, the emir of Spain, but it was his \"Short\" son who would found a new dynasty. FTP, name this mayor of the palace and grandfather of Charlemagne, who earned his nickname of \"hammer\" for his victory over Arab forces at Tours in 732.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-073759022bf04ae19a0d652d952d93eb",
            "input": "Vincent Persichetti's Parables XIV and XXV were written for this instrument, which has a secondary solo role in Shostakovich's First Piano Concerto.Three of them are employed at the opening of Ashkenazys orchestration of Pictures at an Exhibition, as opposed to the one usually used. Joseph Hummel wrote a concerto for this instrument for Anton Weidinger, for whom another pioneering work for this instrument was written to utilize a \"keyed\" version to access low-register chromatic notes not on the overtone scale. It is featured in a notable Concerto in E-flat by Joseph Haydn. The titular five-note query in Charles Ives' The Unanswered Question is played by this instrument. For 10 points, name this valved brass instrument, whose jazz virtuosi include Louis Armstrong.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9e03fa34b46434180b1ddc31c6bb7f4",
            "input": "The maximum energy of these things created by a given voltage is given by the Duane-Hunt law.  Like electrons, they were discovered using a Crookes tube. Riccardo Giacconi won his Nobel Prize  for figuring out how these could be used in astronomy, and Max von Laue won his Nobel Prize for   work on the diffraction of these things. These things were used by Rosalind Franklin to make an  image of DNA molecules, and these are measured by the Chandra Observatory. This electromagnetic  radiation is more energetic than ultraviolet light but less energetic than gamma rays. Name this  radiation discovered by Wilhelm Rontgen, used to observe bones.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1737843d1fbb49bc849fbfcae0c6223f",
            "input": "It was signed in Aix-la-Chapelle ten days after a conference began in another city. It was addressed to a former leader of the Albany Regency who had signed the first reciprocity treaty entered into by the United States. One of the men who signed it was a longtime rival of John Slidell, while another had served as Tyler's secretary of the navy and as Polk's attorney general. It claims that the actions it describes could lead to the extension of railroads to Cadiz, Malaga, and northern Portugal. However, it was blasted in the Republican Party platform as a \"highwayman's plea that 'might makes right. '\"  It condemned the seizure of the Black Warrior and warned that America should not permit the establishment of another \"Africanized\" Santo Domingo. Its repudiation by William Marcy brought about the resignation of one of its writers, Pierre Soul. FTP, name the 1854 document that called on the U.S. to invade Cuba if Spain refused to sell it, which is named for the city in Belgium where it was written.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b25b157a3d434bfa9f6af634718daeab",
            "input": "This president sent federal troops into Baltimore and Pittsburgh to put down the \"\"Great Railroad Strike. \"\" This man's First Lady was known as \"\"Lemonade Lucy\"\" for her support of temperance. Despite his veto, the Bland-Allison Act was passed during his presidency, as were bills weakening the Force Acts passed to crack down the Ku Klux Klan. During his only presidential election, he actually received less electoral and popular votes than opponent Samuel Tilden. For 10 points, name this president who took office by promising to end Reconstruction in the controversial \"\"Compromise of1877. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-741f56ad20ff4a5caf91dbde4d6d29a2",
            "input": "His incidental music includes some for The Widow of Valencia by Lope de Vega, and his first foray into ballet was Happiness, to be followed by Spartacus. His first work was a piece dedicated to his mother called The Song of the Wandering Ashugh. In another of his ballets, Giko is killed and the titular daughter of Avanes, a collective farm leader, safeguards precious geological secrets. For 10 points, name this composer whose Gayane contains the iconic Sabre Dance, the namesake of the Grand Concert Hall of Yerevan and hero of twentieth-century Armenian culture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b02480d5d4c144fa90442974593b1a42",
            "input": "A bronze atrocity by Barbedienne, sits on the mantle in the location in which this play takes place. The characters period of introspection ends with an outbreak of the song beginning with What a crowd in Whitefriars Lane! One character then volunteers to be a mirror for another character. The journalist from Rio admits to having deserted from the war, while two other women admit to having extramarital affairs. While the former housewife attempts to stab Inez with a paper knife at this plays end, she fails to afflict any damage, as she, Garcin, and Estelle are already dead. It is revealed that Hell is other people in, FTP, what play by Jean-Paul Sartre",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6a26bd0d81347c4a4f01a12104ad3b0",
            "input": "One variant of this phenomenon can be used to tune the electronic properties of boron nitride nanotubes from nearly insulating to metallic. Another variant of this phenomenon is induced by interference of standing laser waves to trap atoms of a Bose-Einstein condensate loaded into an optical lattice. Schrdinger's third article from his 1926 series of papers presented his perturbation theory treatment of this effect's modification of the Balmer and Lyman series. Along with van der Waals broadening and resonance broadening, this effect can produce pressure broadening of spectral lines. In addition to the giant version and the AC or Autler-Townes form of this effect, it exhibits variants that are linear and quadratic in the applied field. FTP name this shifting and splitting of spectral lines due to an external electric field, the analogue of the Zeeman effect.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f55291844d8424eb5aac9311857b811",
            "input": "It ended the oppressive dragonnades, but the end of its political benefits was achieved by the Peace of Alais and the capture of the stronghold at La Rochelle, while a series of declarations beginning in 1665 interpreted it so narrowly that it became virtually useless. Officially revoked in 1685, it had originally created what was essentially an independent state within France with its provisions for French subsidies for troops and fortifications for its constituents. FTP, what was this 1598 edict of Henry IV which ended the Wars of Religion by granting religious toleration to the Huguenots",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2730a8af431c4635abc7543f27646ad3",
            "input": "One of these molecules containing two geminal acceptor groups is the product of the Knoevenagel reaction. Ethers can be formed by alkoxy-mercuration between an alcohol and one of these, or by reacting a peroxy-acid with one of these. In the process of hydrogenation, some of its bonds are broken by reacting them with protons, and Lindlar's catalyst is often used to yield the cis-variety from an alkyne. Markovnikov's rules state that when hydrogen halides are added to them, the acid hydrogen attatches to the carbon with the greatest bonded hydrogens and the halide attaches to carbon with the fewest bonded hydrogens. Ethylene is the simplest member of, for 10 points, what group of unsaturated organic compounds that have at least one carbon-carbon double bond \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6aac35814a66410db2b41ad2de23aeee",
            "input": "He used parallel chords, or \"\"planing\"\", in a piano work inspired by the myth of Ys, his prelude \"\"The Sunken Cathedral\"\". He parodied Clementi and Wagner in a set of piano pieces which opens with \"\"Doctor Gradus Ad Parnassum\"\" and was written for his daughter. Another piano work by this composer ends with a passepied, but is most famous for a D-flat major third movement inspired by a Verlaine poem. For 10 points, the Children's Corner suite was written by this French Impressionist whose Suite bergamesque includes \"\"Clair de lune\"\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-949cff9fcdcb4d1890d65f8ecd4288fe",
            "input": "This man's time in Spain resulted in works such as Tales of the Alhambra. In a short story that appears in this author's Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, a man falls asleep for twenty years, awaking to find the American Revolution has occurred. In another short story by this author, Brom Bones marries Katrina van Tassel after Ichabod Crane disappears during an encounter with a headless horseman. For 10 points, name the American author of \"Rip Van Winkle\" and \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bd38a1aff3cc4f8f89a4076b874e8afc",
            "input": "This man's earliest political post was Governor of Seringapatam (ser-in-GAH-pah-tam), to which he was appointed by his older brother, Lord Mornington. Under this man's government, the Test Act was repealed and the Catholic Emancipation Act was passed. He succeeded Castlereagh as Britain's delegate to the Congress of Vienna. He is the only man to have concurrently held the offices of Prime Minister and Commander-in-Chief of the British Army. For 10 points, name this politician, who was given a dukedom a year before he ended the Napoleonic Wars with a victory at Waterloo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2929693f6f3843619f27e3b56b260277",
            "input": "This artist included \"Reincarnation of a Lovebird\" in an album featuring narration by Jean Shepherd who describes a man \"who tried to please most people . . . but nobody liked until he was dead\" in \"The Clown. \" This artist ran a group called \"The Jazz Workshop\" and often collaborated with drummer Dannie Richmond and pianist Jaki Byard. He had his psychotherapist Edmund Pollock to write the liner notes for his six-part suite The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady. This musician made an album titled after his name \"Ah Um\" that featured the track \"Fables of Faubus\" and a piece later called \"Theme for Lester Young. \" The instruments imitate police whistles and car horns in his reimagining of a Gershwin classic \"A Foggy Day\" found on an album titled for a tone poem about humanity's evolution into a upright hominid and eventual downfall from pride. For 10 points, name this jazz musician who composed \"Goodbye Pork Pie Hat\" and the album Pithecanthropus Erectus who played the bass.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ff5eeda486b4265be38c1be015856d8",
            "input": "The arrival of the French bishops raised the question regarding the divine basis for the obligation for bishops to reside in their sees. Debate raged over its title because it was feared that adding the phrase \"representing the Church universal\" to its title would be taken to express superiority over the Pope. Defining the mass as a true sacrifice, it fixed the Old and New Testament canon, set the number of sacraments at 7, and defined the Nicene Creed as the basis of the Catholic faith. Convened by Paul III, it ended under Pius IV almost twenty years after it began. For 10 points, what church council confirmed transubstantiation and condemned Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe178fb7dc784b65af57493a76a0a7b6",
            "input": "He once won a fight with the god of death over who was to give water to Ajamila, and he towed a boat to Mount Himavan to save a man from a flood. He once stopped the demon Hiaranyaksha from pushing the world under the sea, and he will appear as a warrior riding a white horse at the end of the Kali Yuga. The goddess of Wealth lives in his torso, and his other consorts include the goddesses of earth and devotion, Bhuavevi and Neeladvi. Riding the son of Kashyap, the giant bird Garuda, this god has appeared as fish, a dwarf, or a man with an axe. FTP, name this Hindu preserver god who forms the trimurti with Brahma and Shiva and whose avatars include Rama and Krishna.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f9d42c27eb0465789a7866d1d030b62",
            "input": "A woman of this name ruled over a so-called \"Moderate Decade,\" in which Ramon Maria Narvaez's party came to power. Intrigue over the planned marriages of that woman and her sister Luisa Fernanda caused a diplomatic affair between France and Britain in 1846 as the second Carlist war began. An early royal with this name beat Joanna la Beltaneja in a succession war as a descendant of Henry of (*) Trastamara, and treated with the Nasrid dynasty ruler Boabdil. The Second Vatican council revoked a decree by that woman of this name, called the Alhambra decree, which expelled all Jews living in her country. For 10 points, give this name held by a queen of Castile who accepted Granada's surrender, completing the Reconquista, and married Ferdinand II of Aragon.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4c03ba6bddc148fcaa85bb0ff36d4484",
            "input": "One of these animals in Greek myth is Laelaps, who was converted to stone by Zeus along with its potential prey, the Teumissian Fox. Another example from Greek myth was Argos, who was unable to give away the disguise of a man whom he had not seen for many years due to his sudden death. In Norse myth, Garm was this type of animal. The best known example from Greek myth served as a guardian to the underworld. For 10 points, Cerberus had three heads of what kind of animal",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7aa7d1e879a3455c800d62c5d62d6e56",
            "input": "One logical positivist derided emotivism as a \"Boo Hurrah theory\" of this field while, in the Provincial Letters, Pascal attacked casuistic approaches to it. G.E. Moore elucidated the naturalistic fallacy, which occurs when approaches to it appeal to some definition of a certain \"indefinable\" construct, which Henry Sidgwick considered across three primitive paradigms of the field. Kant's categorical imperative is hailed as the most reasonable approach in deontology, a stance that John Rawls clarified by defining with respect to justice and right the construct of good. FTP, name this branch of axiology concerned with philosophical morality.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9fbcad1e9d06473ba8b7c1a9707d919a",
            "input": "This piece was orchestrated by the composer of the Grand Canyon Suite, Ferde Grof. After this work's distinctive solo opening, which was improvised by Ross Gorman, a trumpet theme enters. This piece's composer played piano when it premiered at the Aeolian Hall during the \"Experiment in Modern Music\" concert. This \"musical kaleidoscope of America,\" which was written for Paul Whiteman's band, opens with a trill followed by a seventeen-note clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this George Gershwin work for piano and jazz band.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f497a1e7d4642b8b1be27847ac83b8e",
            "input": "It allows the renormalized Higgs mass to be finite and also improves the unification of the coupling constants at the Grand Unification scale. Since R-parity must be conserved, then all of its particles must be produced in pairs, and its lightest particle cannot decay. It is the basis for such postulated particles as selectrons, neutralinos, photinos, and gluinos. Relating gravitational forces to subatomic forces, FTP, name this hypothetical equivalence between fermions and bosons, often abbreviated SUSY.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-514ec4f4886046a89f056c340138a621",
            "input": "Its formulator extended it by citing work that he had performed under Kolbe, while Henrys independent discovery of this statement led to another generalization by its formulator. Hornback explained it in terms of positively-charged intermediates, and this statement is notably abrogated in a procedure sometimes named for Herbert Brown. Often paired with a similar rule that governs eliminations, Zaitsevs rule, this rule is violated in reactions using peroxides and in hydroboration reactions due to steric hindrance. FTP, name this rule from organic chemistry that states that when a halide adds to an alkene, the more substituted carbon attaches the halide, named for a Russian chemist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fd2cd016e43490abc2565a980ff3160",
            "input": "Appian suggests that the victorious general at this battle organized his manipuli like the rungs of a ladder rather than like the black squares of a chessboard. During the early stages of this conflict the hastati were able to confuse the first rank of Libyans, Gauls and the Balearic contingent and Vermina's apparent failure to arrive on the day of the battle exacerbated one side's cavalry advantage already gained by the additional forces of Dacamas. Fought by the river Bagradas near Naraggara, its dating can be attributed to a statement by Zonaras which suggested one side's fear of solar eclipses. This battle was preceded by Masinissa's capture of the Numidian ruler Syphax and saw the Romans bang on their shields with their swords in order to scare the war elephants. For 10 points, name this decisive 202 B. C. Roman victory that marked the end of the Second Punic War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b84c83da6763414aa6a618bd9c1b3d11",
            "input": "Notable biographies of this person were written in the 19th century by David Strauss and Ernest Renan, and when Renan delivered a lecture referring to him as \"an incomparable man\" he was promptly suspended from his professorship at the College de France. He appears as the character Ha-Nozri in The Master and Margarita, and one of Jose Saramago's novels is entitled \"The Gospel According to\" him. FTP, name this man represented by C.S. Lewis in the character of Aslan and by Nikos Kazantzakis in the title character of a novel about a last temptation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92c24d64490b4daf9ac63fdf4d0a144e",
            "input": "Actions perpetrated by one side of this conflict prompted the formation of the Fawcett Comission. General Penn Simons was killed in a successful attack against the enemy's elevated position in the opening Battle of Glencoe. The victorious side suffered initial defeats at Stormberg and Colenso in a period known as the Black Week, and hundreds of Imperial Troops were also lost on a day known as Bloody Sunday. After winning at Paardeberg, Field Marshal Roberts lifted the sieges of Ladysmith and Mafeking, while the latter half of this conflict saw Lord Kitchener employ scorched-earth tactics against the namesake group. Concluding with the Treaty of Vereiniging, identify, for 10 points, this war lasting from 1899 to 1902, a conflict between British forces and a certain Afrikaans-speaking people in South Africa.  \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-180e9c2e39c0478491c14f1461be6b53",
            "input": "An early theory of the origin of these involved the breakup of relativistic \"beebees\" while Meszaros and Rees proposed the relativistic fireball shock model to explain their non-thermal broken power law spectrum. Woosely and Paczynski proposed that they are explicable by the collapsar model for Wolf-Rayet stars, which form black holes that feed an electron-positron-baryon jet. First detected by Vela military satellites, their afterglow was first observed by the BeppoSAX satellite using an x-ray detector and data from NASA's Compton Observatory showed they originate from far outside the Milky Way. FTP, identify these astronomical phenomena classified either as long- or short-duration depending if they last over two seconds and named for their intense output of high-energy photons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d121bb3d59540b6b1d6b7e500094831",
            "input": "Farmer King\" was an epithet given to the infrastructure-obssessed King Denis of this country, and one of its most important leaders is known for having a Jewish advisor, Jehuda Cresques. The papal bull Aeterni regis divided colonial sovereignties between this polity and Castile by ratifying the Treaty of Alcacovas. The Tavora Conspiracy to kill its king led to the expulsion of Jesuits from this country, which provided the wife to (*) Charles II of England and later saw its dictatorship fall in the Carnation Revolution. For 10 points, identify this nation whose Aviz Dynasty included Henry the Navigator, the colonizers of Mozambique and Brazil.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aae498b0d1104589bc6d6abdfb112ab3",
            "input": "One tribe in this country had two opposing sorcerors, the bari and the aroettowaraare. The book The Masters and the Slaves argued that a \"polygamous patriarchal regime\" in this country's early history allowed the miscegenation that gave this nation its identity. One ethnography set in this country described how children whose mothers considered them fated to die from \"child sickness\" were often just malnourished. This setting of Death Without Weeping is home to the Piraha people, whom Daniel Everett claimed to lack recursion. In Tristes Tropiques, Claude Levi-Strauss describes his travels to study this country's Nambikwara, Tupi-Kawahib, and Bororo people. For 10 points, name this home of Gilberto Freyre where Nancy Scheper-Hughes documented conditions in the favelas",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cec811c59908451aaef4fbbdb188175b",
            "input": "Who Jenny is and which is the right and which the wrong way of a woman, the author declares, won't be revealed in this book until the chapter before the one on button-holes. This is stated after the title character's father had only half employed one in hunting down Susannah, who had been tasked with telling the curate the name of the union of Hermes and Thoth, but which the curate claimed had no \"gistus to it. '' An attempt to access the opposite pocket with the right hand called to mind a siege before the gate of St. Nicholas and an injury to the groin of Trim's master, Uncle Toby, at the siege of Namur. For 10 points, name this satirical novel by Laurence Sterne.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-611f962e205f4bc1a61388d5e4466078",
            "input": "The Rodrigues formula and Hermite polynomials figure into the analytic method for finding the wavefunctions of these systems. The allowed energies for these systems can be calculated using the ladder operators. A quantity determining peakedness for energy graphs of these systems is the dimensionless quality factor. Their behavior can be split into transient and steady-state motions when they are subjected to a sinusoidal driving force and a simple damping force, and they exhibit resonance at certain frequencies. For 10 points, name this kind of system whose periodic, sinusoidal motion is described by Hookes law, examples of which include a mass on a spring and a simple pendulum.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a67fb41b3494c659a7b0d16e05ac038",
            "input": "In a short story by this author, Michael erects a barbed wire fence alongside the namesake walkway near\\n the school he supervises. Besides \"Dead Men's Path\", he wrote of his country's civil war in \"Girls at\\n War\" and wrote of Jonathan being robbed after converting his money into egg-rashers in \"Civil Peace.\" In\\n one of his novels, a heated battle between the Okperi and Umuaro is stopped by Captain Winterbottom.\\n That work centers on a priest of the god Ulu named Ezeulu and is titled Arrow of God. In his best known\\n work, the protagonist executes Ikemefuna and is sent into exile for seven years after his gun accidentally\\n explodes. For 10 points, name this creator of the character Okonkwo, the Nigerian author of Things Fall\\n Apart.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22d842b440124ee58239921527172277",
            "input": "He wrote a book attacking the New Testament under the pseudonym Gamaliel Smith, while another work concludes that laws punishing masturbation will never be implemented. In addition to Not Paul But Jesus and Offences Against One's Self, he also attempted to diagram the motives and consequences of human action in A Table on the Springs of Action. Another work consists of thirteen letters about Britain setting a legal maximum rate of interest, while another attacks William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England. Those works, Defense of Usury and Fragment on Government, were published around the same time as a work that discusses psychological hedonism. An Introduction to Principles of Morals and Legislation was written by, for 10 points, what English philosopher who was known for originating the concept of the panopticon and for founding utilitarianism",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f45a5e24ad34e438fa1b096d4690a8e",
            "input": "One group in this phylum probably descended from heteractinids, which went extinct during the Paleozoic Era. This phylum's immune response includes the accumulation of grey cells. In organisms in this phylum, totipotent amoebocytes allow for reproduction and the distribution of nutrients digested by current-producing choanocytes. Those choanocytes, with epidermal pinocytes, bound a gelatinous matrix known as the mesohyl, which separates the two layers of organisms in this phylum. The asconoid and syconoid body forms also feature an osculum along with spicules produced by sclerocytes. For 10 points, name this invertebrate phylum of sessile, suspension-feeding animals commonly known as sponges.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d87ae0cca58048cc8339bcff071f4f3b",
            "input": "His refusal to enforce his own Consolidation of Labor Laws led workers to attack him in the Miner's Manifesto. His abuses caught up with him when his guard Tenente Fortunato was implicated in the murder of Rubens Vaz during the Tonelero Street conspiracy. His replacement of the Constitution of 1891 attempted to ease the lot of the workers, but his brutal suppression of the cangaos did not endear him to his anti-coronelist power base, and he used the Cohen Plan, a fabricated plot by the Integralistas, to assume dictatorial powers. Starting out as the governor of Rio Grande do Sur, he led the Liberal Alliance in overthrowing the government of Washington Luis in 1930, and he modeled his rule on the Estado Nvo of Antonio Salazar. FTP, name this president of Brazil.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f545c2c361d4f078350531ca83ed3c4",
            "input": "The title character of one of this man's operas sings the \"Shadow Song\" while chasing her pet goat, and he wrote an aria for soprano in which the insane Catherine is accompanied by Peter the Great on flute, \"La, la, la, air chri. \" This composer of Dinorah saw his early opera Jephtha flop, and Gaetano Rossi wrote the libretto to one of his works in which Armando rescues the sultan from Osmino and which includes a castrato role, Il crociato in Egitto. This composer of Margaret of Anjou also collaborated with Rossi on an opera in which the title characters both love Teobaldo, Romilda and Costanza. In one of this man's operas, an explosion kills the titular character, John de Leyden, and he wrote another in which Bertram offers the title character a magic bough and takes him to frolic with dead nuns, Robert le Diable. For 10 points, identify this composer of Les Huguenots and L'Africaine. \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e290ca6387d4fb7b19c2347c0f23dc3",
            "input": "The Midrash Raba relates how Nimrod forced this figure to worship the fire, an event which ended in the death of Haran. He rescued a relative by defeating Chedorlaomer at Dan, which led to his blessing by Melchizedek. He fathered Zimran by Keturah, and he was twice forced to pretend that his wife was his sister. He provided the mother of his surrogate first-born with food before his wife exiled her to the desert of Paran, and managed to save his nephew Lot when escaping from the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. FTP, name this Biblical figure, husband of Sarah and father of Ishmael, who was spared from sacrificing his son Isaac.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e25a82bc512495bafa72e01f6c052bd",
            "input": "He wrote three symphonies, the third of which is scored for 15 solo trumpets, orchestra, and organ. His Violin Concerto was transcribed for flute by Jean-Pierre Rampal, while his other orchestral works include the Solemn Overture and the Concerto-Rhapsody for violin and orchestra. His 1966 Jazz Composition was written for Benny Goodman, but he is better known for stage works like the ballets Happiness and Spartacus. FTP, name this composer of the ballet Gayane, which features his famous \"Sabre Dance. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0be57cd26fec46049f918cafe1788aac",
            "input": "One of these substances with phenyl and methyl substituents is known as anisole, while a cyclic type of these compounds features electronegative interior atoms which capture cations. Along with the \"crown\" type, epoxides are another class of these compounds which can be synthesized from alcohols and halocarbons in the Williamson synthesis. Containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups, for 10 points, name this class of organic compounds derived from the name of a classical Greek heavenly element, the \"diethyl\" variety of which was formerly used as an anesthetic.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4152944a20f140d1ad59e736cfaa6b98",
            "input": "The Mundell-Tobin effect pertains to the increase in interest rates along with this process, and the Taylor rule claims that interest rate should be changed by a central bank alongside increases in this. The opportunity cost resulting from this phenomenon is called the shoe leather cost, and aggregate demand overcoming the potential output of an economy leads to the demand-pull variety. It is calculated by comparing two years' Consumer Price Index. For 10 points, name this economic phenomenon that is defined as the rise in the price of goods over a period of time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f33bd76020e41088699210ecfaa96e4",
            "input": "The beginning of this event was heralded in a speech on the twentieth anniversary of Victorious February which claimed that Klement Gottwald had failed in his handling of the trial of Rudolf Slansky. Ota Sik's \"third way\" was the underlying economic policy of this period, and a meeting at Cierna nad Tisou failed to put an end to it. The weakness of the Action Programme during this period led Ludvik Vaculik to publish a document which called for the resignation of inept leaders, the \"Two Thousand Words\". This event began after the resignation of Antonin Novotny, and in response to the end of it, Jan Palach set himself on fire in protest. Gustav Husak became President after this event was crushed by a Warsaw Pact invasion, which was justified by the Brezhnev Doctrine. This period was led by Alexander Dubcek, who attempted to create \"socialism with a human face\". For 10 points, name this period of liberal reforms in Czechoslovakia in 1968.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3adc073591664af8996c3a0c08918d9e",
            "input": "An accretion disk and one of these entities can be used to extract energy from a spinning black hole in the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. The \"ballerina skirt\" model was used to describe the effects of another one of these entities, whose generating body's rotation influences the shape of the Parker spiral. A star with a particularly strong one of these entities explains bursts from soft gamma repeaters; those stars are a subtype of (*) neutron stars, whose revolution rate decreases over time due to these things. The solar wind is guided by one of these entities, whose reconnection causes solar flares. For 10 points, name these entities, the one of which generated by the earth's core is explained by the dynamo model and influences the direction of compass needles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2136162d47294ee88e829e2def2f5270",
            "input": "One of his works calls for the lead melody to be played by two hand horns in G, while he wrote a notable piano work which contains such sections as \"The Valley of the Bells\" and \"A Boat on the Ocean\". In addition to Pavane For a Dead Princess and Mirrors, he wrote an orchestral rhapsody whose third section is an orchestration of a habanera and whose second section is supposed to resemble a fandango. This composer of Rapsodie Espagnole wrote a ballet whose second orchestral suite contains the popular \"danse generale\". For 10 pointsname this composer of Daphnis et Chlo, who wrote a work in which an ostinato rhythm is repeated on the snare drum throughout the work, his Bolro.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0067a980cc384e72b5398e2f499f90c7",
            "input": "This thinker described \"Upper Savagery\" as beginning with \"the invention of the bow and arrow\" in one work, before in a later chapter building on Lewis H. Morgan's idea that the \"bodies of consanguinei\" in the Iroquis predated the \"genea\" of the Greeks. Earlier in his career, this man wrote articles for the Telegraph under the last name Oswald and was influenced by Moses Hess. This man referenced a polemic against Cato by Julius Caesar in his colloquial name for a group of essays, Anti-Duhring. This author of The Origin of the Family, (*) Private Property, and the State died before finishing Dialectics of Nature. One of this man's best-known works after extensive exposure to the effect of the industrial revolution on factory communities in Liverpool and Manchester. The author of The Condition of the Working Class in England may be better-known for collaborating with a more prolific partner on The Holy Family and The German Ideology, as well as a work which declares that a spectre is haunting Europe. FTP, identify this man who published The Communist Manifesto along with Karl Marx.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc1afe50a73e41eb82d756e57d324038",
            "input": "One of this author's short stories ends with its protagonist seeing a vision of souls ascending to heaven on a purple streak of light after shouting \"Who do you think you are\" at God while hosing down some hogs. That story by this author begins in a doctor's waiting room, where an acne-ridden Wellesley student throws her book Human Development at the protagonist and tells her \"Go back to hell where you came from, you old wart hog.\" In addition to writing that story about Ruby Turpin's title epiphany, this author wrote a story in which a middle-aged white woman attempts to give a black child a penny, only for that child's mother to knock her to the ground with her pocketbook. That story takes place on a bus, and ends with Julian's mother crumpling to the ground. For 10 points, name this American author of short stories such as \"Revelation\" and \"Everything That Rises Must Converge.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65ddbb02dd0542d6830fb57a6ad61945",
            "input": "philosopher divides people into groups based on how well they resist emotional counter-pressures which dissuade them from what they recognize as ethically proper action, and he equates evil with deliberate refusal to recognize the value of such ethics. In another work, this philosopher suggests that an entity's substance is the subject from which it is predicated, and this philosopher claims that happiness arises not from virtue alone but from virtuous activity. This philosopher who was succeeded by (*) Theophrastus advocated the arrangement of arguments using deductive logic and the syllogism. For 10 points, name this Greek philosopher who wrote Physics, the Nicomachean Ethics, and the Organon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbe71ec806dd4a2e9070c21373aad629",
            "input": "The Euler line passes through several distinctive points of one of these objects, while Ceva's theorem also applies to these objects. The area of one of these objects can be found by taking the square root of the (*) semi-perimeter times the difference of the semi-perimeter minus each side. That calculation is known as Heron's formula. A nine point circle can be drawn around one of the objects while the laws of sines and cosines also apply to these objects. For 10 points, name this polygon whose \"right\" variety conforms to the Pythagorean Theorem.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95d044952bc142fe83527e1cdc69fa21",
            "input": "This state was initially formed from an alliance between three cities, and was granted permission to settle there by Cocoxtil. The Confederacy of Tlaxcala was an enemy of this empire, which reached its height during the reign of Ahuitzotl. Luis de Medina was initially sent to lead an expedition to conquer this empire, which initially repelled Spanish troops during La Noche Triste. Unable to defeat the Spanish-Tlaxcala alliance, it fell shortly after the death of Montezuma II. For 10 points, name this empire of central Mexico with capital Tenochtitlan which was conquered by Hernando Cortes.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b96b179eaf44cea8db7fd8206985a00",
            "input": "In one of his novels, the Marioshoni school is founded and the protagonist courts the daughter of his rival, the strict Christian named Joshua. In another of his works, Godfrey Munira is charged with murder after burning down a brothel, and he also wrote of the death of Thomas Robson, leading to the treachery of Mugo. This author wrote his novel Devil on the Cross on toilet paper after being jailed for the play I Will Marry When I Want. From that point forward, he eschewed writing in English, changing his name and using only Kiswahili and Gikuyu. FTP, name this Kenyan author of Petals of Blood and A Grain of Wheat.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8af1e12091940e9bf1796915d6cb0cc",
            "input": "An unfinished portrait of this man is known as The Athenaeum. The same artist painted another portrait depicting this person, where he holds his right hand over a quill pen and a gold table draped with red cloth. That painting is known as the Lansdowne Portrait. A man pulls a red drape to reveal a young version of this man in Parson Weem's Fable. In a painting depicting this man, he wears a red cape and stands next to a man who is holding a flag. In that painting, this man looks to the left as the boat he is standing in rows its way through the ice. For 10 points, Emanuel Leutze painted what general and U.S. President crossing the Delaware river",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-958fe9709f4347139f8b5cfb687e6618",
            "input": "A character in this poem notes that he should have been a pair of ragged claws/scuttling across the floors of silent seas. The speaker of this poem wonders how he should begin to spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways when hes formulated, sprawling on a pin. He later notes that it would be worth it to squeeze the universe into a ball and declare himself to be Lazarus, back from the dead. This poem concludes by noting that we have lingered in the chambers of the sea until human voices wake us, and we drown. In this poem, one character wonders if he dares to eat a peach, and notices women coming and going, talking of Michaelangelo. For ten points, identify this poem which begins Let us go now, you and I/ When the evening is spread out against the sky, a poem by T.S. Eliot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2782fbe12b14b86bf971c5ba6065221",
            "input": "Alternating light and dark bands found at the base of these geological formations are known as ogives (OH-jives). These formations erode the surrounding terrain through processes known as plucking and abrasion. Such erosion can lead to the development of indentations known as (*) cirques (SEERKS), which often have small lakes referred to as tarns. They form crevasses on their surface. For 10 points, name these large flows of ice.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5b7d052e9c54dc48986df8eb407ecb8",
            "input": "One of this author's characters stops himself from sleeping with a divorcee by cutting off his own finger and reaffirming his desire to be a monk. A second-person description of a military hospital and a story whose \"only hero is truth,\" set in December and May respectively, are two parts of another of this man's works. This author of \"Father Sergius\" and the (*) Sevastopol Sketches wrote a novella whose protagonist wonders \"What if my whole life has been wrong\" while observing his servant Gerasim, after which he spends three days screaming before \"some force\" strikes him and he succumbs to his injuries from a curtain-hanging mishap. For 10 points, name this author of The Death of Ivan Ilyich, a Russian who also wrote War and Peace.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1ed8155e3c8545819784f1d03325489b",
            "input": "In commissioning a portrait of himself on the imperial throne Napoleon instructed Jean Ingres to make him reminiscent of God in this artwork, which the emperor had plundered and moved to the Louvre. At the very bottom we learn that the work was completed for Jodicus Vyd, but more noticeable are the depictions of Adam and Eve at either end, particularly Eve's almost pregnant belly. Even more famous is the Adoration of the Lamb portion at the bottom. Begun by the artist's brother Hubert and completed in 1432, FTP, name this large altarpiece painted by Jan van Eyck.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f6cd900f24b4b59a24935a789956c90",
            "input": "A work based on this play opens with two minor characters from this play flipping a coin, which repeatedly comes up heads. One character in this play advises another character to \"\"neither a borrower nor a lender be. \"\" The title character mourns a \"\"fellow of infinite jest,\"\" Yorick, in this play's \"\"graveyard scene. \"\" He also kills Laertes in a swordfight and tells Ophelia to \"\"get thee to a nunnery. \"\" For 10 points, name this Shakespearean tragedy in which \"\"something is rotten in the state of Denmark. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f99e974a5ee431c92317001212589c1",
            "input": "one of this composer's operas, Zelim and Melindo are switched at birth by Mamud. The Opus No. 3 of this composer of Truth and Ordeal often features a solo cello, even though it is a set of twelve concerti for one, two, and four violins. His only surviving oratorio was inspired by the beheading of Holerfones. This composer of L'Estro Armanico and Judith Triumphant wrote a piece for solo violin and basso continuo that concerns \"The Hunt,\" \"Pleasure,\" and \"The Sea Storm. \" His best-known works are contained in the larger work called The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this \"Red Priest\" whose contains The Four Seasons.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-912cb22ff3a941e480de8a77e608cf0b",
            "input": "Andrew Barratt has argued that the primary religious motivations of this novel are grounded in Gnostic thought, rather than its traditionally believed source. Ivan Bezdomny is taken to a mental ward in this novel, which is later occupied by another of the characters who wrote a novel depicting the Passion of Christ which uses his ethnic name Yeshua. One character in this novel is accompanied by an aged prostitute, an evil trickster, and a cat named Behemoth. In order to find her boyfriend, one titular character of this novel agrees to act as the Queen in a ball held in Berlioz's apartment, where Woland, as the emissary of the devil, will be presiding. For 10 points, name this novel by Mikhail Bulgakov.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ccfc095181c4c37afa77925c02fe448",
            "input": "In one short story by this author, a schizophrenic king becomes agitated when his palace turns into a giant ear, while in another, three characters are enraptured by an odor that turns out to be death. Those stories, The King Listens and The Name, the Nose, appear in Under the Jaguar Sun, a collection structured similarly to this authors collection t zero. This author created an index divided into three numeric levels of experience in his novel Mr. Palomar, and used tarot cards to guide the narration of The Castle of Crossed Destinies. William Weaver has translated most of the works of this author, who also wrote a novel about the relationship between the Reader and the Other Reader interspersed with ten different opening chapters. FTP, identify this Italian author of If on a Winters Night a Traveler.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96003eb1ff914224a908004bf012b373",
            "input": "This region features the Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque, although most tourist locations are in Grand Casemates Square or John Mackintosh Square. The Alboran Sea forms Catalan Bay on the eastern coast of this region. Its southernmost tip, known as Europa Point, is mere kilometers away from Ceuta. Jebel Musa is the southern Pillar of Hercules while this region is the northern one. This peninsula's only land border is with Andalusia in the north, and its namesake strait separates Morocco from Europe. For 10 points, name this small peninsula and British territory on the southern coast of Spain.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c37b212a6a64658ba693b040d0fde34",
            "input": "This mathematician gives his name to a type of surface which is intersected exactly once by every non-spacelike curve. One theory named for him states that three-dimensional convex polytopes with congruent corresponding faces must be congruent to each other. Like Lagrange, he gives his name to a form of the remainder in the statement of (*) Taylor's theorem. He names a weaker condition equivalent to convergence for a real sequence but weaker for the complex numbers. He showed that the path integral of a holomorphic function over a closed path is zero, his namesake integral theorem. For 10 points, name this prolific French mathematician who names the statement that the absolute value of x dot y is less than or equal to the product of the norms of x and y along with Schwarz.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28c157183ad44ff9ae6dceb583282c79",
            "input": "The Montonen-Olive Duality Conjecture concerns a field theory in which these particles exist as solitons; that theory was developed by 't Hooft and Polyakov. The original hypothesis of these particles' existence requires the use of two separate vector potentials and a singularity, and was developed by Paul Dirac. Gauss's Law of Magnetism, which states that the divergence of a magnetic field is zero, implies that these particles cannot exist. For 10 points, name these hypothetical particles that can only have an isolated North or South pole.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0190a889e9e742dca3ff337bd1350456",
            "input": "This practice had an analog in the cult of Cybele's practice of taurobolium, and this practice is advocated by the Right Ginza in Mandeism, which follows this action with a sacred meal. A reference to this practice \"for the dead,\" is contained in 1 Corinthians 15:29, in which it is asked \"if there is no resurrection, what will those do,\" to whom this has happened. That practice may originate in the rituals of the Orphic cult, which carried out this action to prepare their dead for the underworld. According to the Arians and the Donatists, this action was only efficacious if performed by someone who was of pure intention and belonged to the church, while leaders like Conrad Grebel and Felix Mantz argued that only an adult could undergo this ritual and denied its usefulness to infants. This practice is generally considered the first sacrament in Catholicism. Taking its name from the Greek for \"to immerse,\" for ten points, identify this action which was performed for Jesus by John, and which involves annointment with water, symbolizing entry to the faith.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae14aae7c956414e843faa35de76e66b",
            "input": "This novel's narrator finds benzene to wipe off a message written in purple lipstick across a woman's stomach before she wakes up and calls him \"boo'ful\" over and over. Emma asks for a dance at a fancy club called the Chthonian in this novel, in which a man known as Supercargo eggs on a fight between veterans in the Golden Day bar. This novel's title character lets a room from Mary Rambo and becomes friends with Brother Clifton. This book's narrator attends a rally at which \"No more dispossessing of the dispossessed!\" is chanted. At a eulogy in this novel, Ras the Destroyer incites massive race riots, during which the narrator falls underground via a manhole and concludes that his personal identity is unnoticed by white people. For 10 points, name this novel by Ralph Ellison.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e42e3de4117483f8384e3d2383151b6",
            "input": "The intensity of light passing through a polarizer equals its intensity times the square of this function with respect to the direction of polarization, according to Malus' Law. This function has a phase constant of zero for the position function of a mass-on-a-spring released from its maximum displacement. For a mass sitting on an inclined plane, the normal force is proportional to this function of the angle of the ramp. Dot products depend on this function of the angle between two vectors. The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity includes this function of the angle. For 10 points, name this function equal to sine divided by tangent or adjacent divided by hypotenuse.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-653ee0494c4047818ef7fe5eff2c37f3",
            "input": "Douglas during a 1858 senate race. FTP name this Republican who delivered the Gettysburg Address as president during the Civil War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b410d17ff334f45846e6f339b9da3fc",
            "input": "debates with the man who advanced the Freeport Doctrine, Stephen Douglass. For 10 points, name this winner of the presidential election of 1860, who later issued the Emancipation Proclamation.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec18c524fafc4343be2a0131b4868b72",
            "input": "This artist depicted a certain structure \"at Bellevue\" and \"at Montbriand\". In addition to those depictions of The Pigeon House, he depicted the titular shirtless black man in jeans resting his head in one work, while a man dressed completely dressed in white gestures to a black and white harlequin in another. In addition to The Negro Scipion and Fastnacht, he created various depictions of an Avenue at (*) Chantilly, and Paul Alexis reads to one of his friends in another work. Rilke wrote some letters on this artist, who depicted a large crevice in the title structure in his House with Burst Walls, and depicted his mother knitting as his sister plays the piano in The Overture to Tannhuser. For 10 points, name this artist who was represented by Claude Lantier in The Masterpiece by Emile Zola.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2e787423d3a45c1be4077af281a2055",
            "input": "This ruler's minister Mir Jumla asked this figure's son to intervene in the dispute with the Kutab Shahi kingdom of Gol-konda, and that son eventually had Dara Sheko executed. This figure dismantled the Ahmadnagar (*) Empire by defeating the Marathan noble Shahji Bhonsle, built the Jami Masjid as well as a palace along the Yamuna River, known as the Red Fort. For 10 points  the son of Jahangir and the father of Aurangzeb, name this Mughal who erected a famous temple for his wife Mumtaz.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31b357b7cacb4b388f8bdd33d72c9beb",
            "input": "A response to one of this man's works contains the lines, \"\"When faith is lost, when honor dies, the man is dead! \"\" That work is John Greenleaf Whittier's \"\"Ichabod. \"\" He is the namesake of Jim Smiley's pet jumping frog in a Mark Twain story. In another story, he talks about how man was \"\"tricked and trapped and bamboozled\"\" while defending Jabez Stone in front of a jury of the damned. For 10 points, name this orator who bests the Devil in a Stephen Vincent Benet story.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c55606f27525430cbf7f6a4edf9c4304",
            "input": "One character in this novel rushes into a jewelers shop, inspired by \"sacred rage. \" That character, Waymarsh, eventually falls in love with Miss Barrace and informs for Jim and Sarah Pocock. At a party hosted by the sculptor Gloriani, the main character urges John Little Oldham to not waste his youth, and eventually he rejects Maria Gostreys advances. Madame de Vionnets affair is the impetus for the protagonists trip to Europe in, for 10 points, what novel in which Lambert Strether is sent to Paris to find Chad Newsome, written by Henry James",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3623f96ae1764e4e98f64f62ddeab269",
            "input": "A contemporary of Elizabeth I, he came to power two years before her and died two years later. As emperor, he established a strongly centralized government and extended his kingdom into the Deccan. An advocate of religious tolerance, he removed the special tax upon non-Muslims, forbade slave raids upon the Hindus, and himself twice married Hindu princesses. Ruling from 1556 to 1605, he also conquered Afghanistan and Baluchistan. FTP name this 16th century emperor, the greatest of the Mughals",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38c4a5c16ac04403ad131819051cd1bc",
            "input": "A 1967 study by Jones and Harris assigned students to positions supporting or opposing Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. Neutral observers were then asked to read the students' papers and evaluate whether or not they actually sympathized with Castro. Even though the evaluators were told that the students were forced to adopt their positions, they stubbornly maintained that the authors of pro-Castro essays actually supported the Cuban leader. This study was the first to discover, FTP, what principle of social psychology in which observers underestimate the role of situational factors in the behavior of others",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ff86c7fc04b414ab1e32442b5538b1d",
            "input": "One atom of this element is found in a prototypic furan and an atom of this element forms the bridge in an ether. The liquid form of one of its allotropes is paramagnetic. Reactive species of this element are potent free radicals. It is found with silicon in quartz. Another allotrope of this element absorbs UV radiation. It has atomic weight 16. Rust is a combination of iron and this. For 10 points, name this element that along with hydrogen is found in water.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5588ad4d6c94e259fedae980303408a",
            "input": "He developed the idea of Hebbian learning independently of Hebb and published his model of the brain in the 1952 work The Sensory Order. Around the same time he opposed excessive reductionism in social science in The Counter-Revolution of Science. He came to eschew explanations of business cycles based on changes in interest rates, and his 1939 book Profits, Interests, and Investments contrasts with earlier work in the Austrian vein like The Pure Theory of Capital. He distanced himself from some of his disciples in Why I am Not a Conservative, which was published as an appendix to The Constitution of Liberty. FTP, name this economist, who argued that collectivism leads to tyranny in The Road to Serfdom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6201c400e10496aa9d5721adfc23b52",
            "input": "While in a flower shop, this woman hears the backfiring of a car that she believes may be carrying the queen; that event occurs shortly after this woman meets Hugh Whitbread. Later, this woman hears of the suicide of a man who jumps out of a window, Septimus Smith. She is visited by Peter Walsh and Sally Seton, making her reconsider her decision to marry Richard. For 10 points, name this party hostess and title character of a stream of consciousness novel by Virginia Woolf.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e61190aaa8b34ea8a220b5c231942c65",
            "input": "During his lifetime, this man withdrew essays he had written on \"impudence and modesty\" and \"the immortality of the soul,\" while allowing such essays as \"Of the Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature\" and \"Of the Populousness of Ancient Nations\" to remain in print. Better known are such essays as \"Of Superstition and Enthusiasm\" and \"Of the Standard of Taste,\" which appear in his Essays Moral, Political, and Literary. In his autobiographical \"My Own Life\" he describes his \"retreat in France,\" which was spent at Reims and La Fleche, where he composed his first major work, a book whose three parts consider the understanding, the passions, and the morals. That book \"fell dead-born from the press,\" according to this man, though he had more success with later works like An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. FTP, name this British thinker who wrote A Treatise of Human Nature.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f25ae77e7644ab7b3762139ddc6580f",
            "input": "title character of one of his operas sings of being a ruler in \"Del pi sublime soglio\", which sees Vitellia sing of her anger and grief in \"Deh se piacer\" and \"Non pi di fiori. \" For 10 points each: [10] Name this composer of La Clemenza di Tito and Il Re Pastore, both works with libretto by Metastasio.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0acb877febb41399a2acdeb74876d01",
            "input": "The Charlesworth-Langley hypothesis is associated with their location, and the Shapiro intermediate is associated with these objects that often encode the enzyme resolvase. University of Minnesota researcher Perry Hackett used an inactive salmon gene to make an artificial and hyperactive example of one of these that is known as Sleeping Beauty. Their existence was hinted at by the C-value paradox, and they were first identified when working on Dissociation and Activator mutations. Prominent examples include P elements, which are found in Drosophila, Alu sequences, which are found in humans, and members of the Tc1/Mariner family, which operate by a cut-and-paste mechanism. For 10 points, name these genetic elements that were discovered by Barbara McClintock and are able to jump to other sites within the genome.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9fda4142d7224eda92c62c364243c43b",
            "input": "This city's Tiradentes Palace is home to a state legislature, and its Tijuca National Park is one of the largest urban forests in the world. This city's Sambodrome is found on the Marques de Sapucai. Located on Guanabara Bay, this city's landmarks include a statue on (*) Corcovado Peak. The Avenida Atlantica is located near its Copacabana Beach, and Sugar Loaf Mountain is also found here. For 10 points name this Brazilian city which is overlooked by the Christ the Redeemer statue.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21e9957a1ff2414c88434fd80f364584",
            "input": "This figure is frequently associated with the constellation Ursa Major, whose stars are said to be his footprints, while he shared many similarities with the storm god Hurakan. As the patron god of slaves he punished cruel masters, and he was said to preside over the commoner schools known as telpochcalli. In one story he abducts the flower goddess Xochiquetzal from her husband Tlaloc. In another myth he sacrificed his right foot to kill the primordial crocodile Cipactli, after which he was granted lordship over the First Sun. His most famous possession was a magic smoking mirror, with which he tricked his benevolent archrival into immolating himself. Synonymous with the Jaguar God Tepeyollotli, For ten points, name this Aztec god of the night and the destructive counterpart of Quetzalcoatl. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ffa9fb53ec14cf39b0b1af925534e1c",
            "input": "A 2002 paper by Gu, Peng, Harge, Smalley, and Margrave described the addition of atoms of this element to carbon nanotubes followed by pyrolysis of the nanotubes in order to cut them into roughly fifty nm lengths. An isotope of this element is used in a namesake form of NMR due to its lack of a nuclear Overhauser effect and high magnetogyric ratio, while the Gauche effect can be seen in compounds with two of this element attached to adjacent carbons. This element is found in the molten flux used in the Hall-Heroult process, cryolite. Perhaps the best known compound of this element is created by reacting chloroform with molecules of this element bonded to tin and hydrogen, then mixing the result with steam at nine hundred and fifty degrees Celsius to eliminate the hydrochloric acid. FTP, name this element which is found in Teflon.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c9ffdf901a8d43f9a0093c1138410626",
            "input": "One of this author's title characters has a pet raven named Grip, and another one has his Uncle Ralph help him get a job at Dotheboys Hall. Another one of this author's protagonists is sent to Salem House after biting his stepfather Edward Murdstone. In another novel, Jarvis Lorry returns a prisoner to England, where that prisoner stops making shoes to resume his career as a doctor. That doctor's daughter, Lucie Manette, is loved by Sydney Carton. That novel is set during the French Revolution, which this author wrote was \"the best of times [and] the worst of times\". Name this author of Barnaby Rudge, Nicholas Nickleby, David Copperfield, and A Tale of Two Cities.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f87d57d29a64102a3a4728eb0cee59b",
            "input": "One character in this work is tied down to a tree for the remainder of his life because he believes that the same day continues to repeat itself. The final part of this novel sees the boy with a pig-tail being eaten by ants, fulfilling the prophecy of a traveling gypsy from this work. Permanent Ash-Wednesday crosses grace the foreheads of seventeen characters who are destined to die in this work, and they are all the children of the revolutionary Colonel Aureliano. This work is set in the town of Macondo and focuses on the lives of the Buendia family, whose matriarch Ursula Iguaran lives to be over a century old. For 10 points, identify this novel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53b75e07f39c4e78888c12d211f7f5e5",
            "input": "Two figures, dressed in black and devoid of facial features, embrace in this painter's The Kiss, which joins his Death in the Sick Room and The Vampire in his series The Frieze of Life. Another of his paintings from that series was created during a time when the eruption of Krakatoa caused the northern European sky to turn red, perhaps explaining the background of that painting, which depicts a bald figure clutching his head. For 20 points, name this Norwegian painter.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3658dc47cf534ad18c1064d2d81b3991",
            "input": "This ruler built a network of burhs and created the fyrd system in order to repel Viking attacks. Bishop Asser served as the biographer of this ruler, who won the Battles of Ashdown and Chippenham. He collected his law code in the Doom Book, and he signed the Treaty of Wedmore, which established the borders of the (*) Danelaw. At the Battle of Eddington, this ruler defeated the Danes under Guthrum, and he translated Latin works such as Consolation of Philosophy into English. For ten points, identify this English king of Wessex, the only English king to earn the epithet \"the Great.\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d46d8686ceb4e9c8d7299974d740dd1",
            "input": "This man's father marched toward Locus Castrorum, aware of an ambush set by Caecina at the Battle of Bedriacum, and was known either as Paulinus or Laetus. One lost work by this figure detailed some Critical Signs Used in Books, and some others detailed Methods of Reckoning Time and the Physical Defects of Men. This author of the partly surviving Greek Games and Greek Terms of Abuse described one man who planned to burn all the works of Homer and who rid the Campus Martius of the statues of famous men in his best known work, dedicated to Septicius Clarus, who like him was dismissed for his affair with Vibia Sabina. For 10 points, name this author who wrote On Famous Men and Lives of the Twelve Caesars.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e54687f0ffed49f696b423031c327601",
            "input": "This man's wet-nurse, Caieta, was buried along a beach in Hesperia. He gave refuge to Anna Perenna, the sister of his former lover. This man's companions included Cloanthus and Ilioneus. His opponents included Menzentius and Queen Camilla in a war occurring because this man was promised the hand of Lavinia, a daughter of Latinus whose suitors included this man's enemy in that war, a Rutulian named Turnus. This man went to the Sybil of Cumae to see his father Anchises in the underworld, which he accomplished with the aid of the golden bough. He may be more famous for an affair that saw a queen throw herself upon a pyre after this man left Carthage for good. For 10 points, name this father of Ascanius who fled Troy to found Rome, falling in love with Dido along the way.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90912897a3cc4db08cb401a408c481ff",
            "input": "A poet from this country proclaimed \"The blood of love has robed me in purple\" in a poem that repeats the line \"Mother far away, my everlasting Rose.\" Mary Renault set most of her works in this country that owns the island that provides much of the setting for John Fowles's The Magus. An author from this country created Pavli, who drowns himself after being spurned by the Widow. One poet from here wrote \"To Axion Esti,\" while its primary language was used by the poet of \"The God Abandons Antony\" and \"Waiting for the Barbarians.\" An author from here created a character who opens a coal mining venture with an unnamed narrator and seduces Madame Hortense, and that author described Jesus as overcoming human vices in The Last Temptation of Christ. For 10 points, name this homeland of the creator of Zorba, Nikos Kazantzakis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e11b655fb134cd587575d19c9029311",
            "input": "The transfer of these particles is central to Marcus theory, and they are emitted in the Auger [oh-ZHEY] effect. Nitro and cyano groups \"withdraw\" these particles from conjugated systems. The solvated type of these particles are responsible for the blue color when sodium is dissolved in liquid ammonia. Robert Millikan measured the charge of these particles in the oil drop experiment. Reducing agents can cause other substances to gain these particles, which are depicted in Lewis dot structures. For 10 points, name these negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e2db8f79405410dacf24b86a92c5f46",
            "input": "Before the honeycomb conjecture, these shapes were the subject of Thomas Hales' proof of the Kepler   conjecture, which gives the most efficient way to pack these shapes into a space. A set consisting  of the complex numbers and a point at infinity is called the Riemann type of this shape. It can   be generated in cylindrical coordinates by setting r 2 + z 2 [\"r  squared plus z  squared\"] equal to a constant, and this shape can be generated in a coordinate system named for it by setting rho equal  to a constant. Geodesics on this shape are called great circles, and the formula for its volume is  four-thirds pi times radius cubed. Name this three-dimensional figure.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dfbad3a25cfb41658d4b59d4fb03fadb",
            "input": "In the introduction to this work's first edition, its author claimed that everything which bears the least semblance of an hypothesis must be excluded, from the considerations of this text. It contains a chapter that points out the flaws of the physico-theological, and ontological arguments, while the history, architectonic, discipline, and canon of the titular concept are addressed in its second section on the Transcendental Doctrines of Method. Containing a derivation of pure conceptions of the understanding, called categories, for ten points, identify this philosophical work which argues for synthetic a priori truths, the first major critique of Immanuel Kant.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d522c03d5354fa0b8f8f10504e59a01",
            "input": "Copper representations of owls, seeds, and leaves sprout from a red brick library located in this city's downtown area, and the firm KPF associates designed a notable tower in this city that is topped with transparent cylinders. Doric columns were later added to a notable private residence in this city that is also home to the Reliance building. This city's Kluczynski Federal Building is one of several works in it designed by Mies van de Rohe, and this city also contains a building with cantilevered eaves that its architect called the \"cornerstone of modern architecture,\" the Robie House. This city is home to the tallest building in the United States, and its namesake school of architecture was epitomized by the work of Louis Sullivan. For 10 points, name this city whose Willis Tower and Cloud Gate sculpture are situated on the Loop.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-873b6bb8702142c98b56a1caa511f614",
            "input": "A king orders his subjects to determine what the namesake object is in this man's short story, \"A Grain as Big as a Hen's Egg\". This author expanded on his first critical success with the collection Childhood: Boyhood and Youth. Another of his stories contains Schwartz and Gerasim, the latter of which is the nurse of the titular deceased character. After the death of Luka, Olenin unsuccessfully proposes to Marianka in his The Cossacks, while one of his most famous novels concerns the Kuragin family and Pierre Bezukhov. For 10 points, identify this Russian author who wrote Anna Karenina and War and Peace.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f789dd50c2424290a303ab1affb39d44",
            "input": "This man's father in law was the man to whom the tea that provoked the Boston Tea Party was consigned. His Head of a Man was one of the first portraits of a black man produced by an American and contrasts with his usual subjects, the privileged and wealthy, many of whom would travel to London to be painted. Early canvases like The Return of Neptune foreshadowed his interest in the dramatic events he later chose to portray. But it was his Boy with a Squirrel that caught the eye of Benjamin West and helped make his name. Famous sitters for him included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere, but he is best known for painting historical scenes. FTP name this painter of The Death of Chatham and Watson and the Shark.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd9b9e5d242b4849b302c564c98dfc6e",
            "input": "Topkapi Palace was built by a ruler of this empire, and another ruler of this empire signed the Treaty of Zuhab after defeating its neighboring dynasty. Murad IV brought an end to the Jelali revolts led by Karayazici in this empire, and it was later forced to sign the Treaty of Karlowitz. This empire was defeated by Prince Eugene of Savoy at the Siege of Vienna, and its founder defeated the Seljuq dynasty to establish this empire. For 10 points, name this empire once known as the \"sick man of Europe,\" whose rulers included Mehmet II and Suleiman the Magnificent.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db5c2505511e414fb21f8fa2ef549416",
            "input": "One composer from this country wrote an opera that features a character named Little Bat, ends with its title character facing down a mob with a shotgun, and is based on the story of Susannah and the Elders. A man from this country composed an opera in which a military chorus sings \"The Eight Points of Attention\" before the title character sings \"News has a kind of mystery.\" Another composer from this country wrote an opera that begins \"On the (*) Kuru Field of Justice\" and includes sections inspired by Tolstoy, Tagore, and Martin Luther King. One composer from this country wrote an opera that inspired his composition The Chairman Dances, while another concluded his Portrait Trilogy with the opera Einstein on the Beach. For 10 points, name this home country of Philip Glass and Nixon in China composer John Adams.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07964af8c7d14178a8763dd57a72950c",
            "input": "He wrote one play in which the alcoholic Sid Davis is the uncle of Yale football player Arthur and a radical poet who is in love with Muriel McComber, Richard Miller. In addition to Ah, Wilderness!, the only comedy by this man, he wrote about Piet Wetjoen, Cecil Lewis, and Jimmy Tomorrow, who were all involved in the Boer Wars, as well as Ned Darrell, who fathers Gordon Evans with Nina Leeds after she marries Sam Evans, and about a woman with a morphine addiction who is married to a wealthy, aged actor in a play about the Tyrone family. For 10 pointsname this author of Strange Interlude, The Iceman Cometh, and Long Day's Journey into Night.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc31fbeb0a7f4cdab85090311ca36558",
            "input": "This artist created a chalk drawing of his mistress Sien nude, sitting with her head lowered into her arms, entitled Sorrow. This artist used double-square canvases for many paintings that he created in Auvers. A portrait by this artist shows his physician dressed in black and leaning his head over onto his right hand; that subject was Dr. Gachet. One painting this artist created showed a village below the Alpilles mountains and a swirling sky. This painter created a self-portrait that featured a bandage over his right ear. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter of Starry Night.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebc97ea40d684014b70a9551da456121",
            "input": "General Herr, who had raised the alarm prior to this battle about the decision to remove all emplaced guns smaller than 75mm, spent most of it in the Caures Woods following the \"Trommelfeuer. \" Historical debate exists about the veracity of the \"Christmas Memo\" of Falkenhayn regarding this battle, which saw a heroic stand at Fort Souville. It saw a massive supply operation from Bar-le-Duc along the (*) \"Sacred Way,\" and turned when Robert Nivelle crucially recaptured Fort Douaumont. The Somme offensive was partially launched to relieve this attack, which saw the Germans pushed back to the banks of the Meuse. Lasting nearly a year across 1916, FTP, identify this World War I battle occuring at a site that also names an 843 treaty which divided Charlemagen's empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eba69d96b3654a1188bcbed434d644b5",
            "input": "Dvorak's (duh-VOHR-shack's) concerto for this instrument quotes his song \"\"Cypresses\"\" and was inspired by the death of Josefina Cermakova (chair-muh-KOH-vuh). Other virtuosi (ver-tyoo-OH-see) of this instrument include Pablo Casals (kuh-SAHLS) and Mstislav (MIST-ih-slav) Rostropovich (ROSS-tro-POH-vitch). Jacqueline du Pre (doo PRAY) performed Edward Elgar's Concerto for this instrument in B Minor. Johann Sebastian Bach wrote six suites for this (*) unaccompanied instrument. For 10 points, name this instrument notably played by Yo-Yo Ma.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-967bf6f8ffaa4f9eb7941d9afe3f0a60",
            "input": "In Carbon 13 NMR, it is responsible for the splitting of resonance peaks, causing magnetic interactions between hydrogen atoms and carbon-13 isotopes. Electrons can have a magnitude of it equal only to plus or minus Planck's constant divided by 4 times pi. Electrons with the same kind of it are forbidden to share the same orbital, as defined by the Pauli exclusion principle. FTP, name this concept, the angular momentum associated with microscopic particles, and synonymous with the motion you would associate with a top.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79b2c85b49f9489e9f6d220fd5f69f97",
            "input": "The main character discards the remains of a ruined coin bank shaped like a grinning man that he destroys while staying in the apartment of a woman he barely knows named Mary. In one scene a man faints while visiting the Golden Day Tavern after a group of veterans start a brawl. Jim Trueblood's story of how he impregnated his own daughter horrifies the rich trustee Mr. Norton during a campus tour lead by the protagonist, who is ultimately expelled from college by Dr. Bledsoe. The narrator meets Tod Clifton when he joins The Brotherhood before Ras the Exhorter incites a violent race riot in Harlem at the end of this novel. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by a nameless black man, written by Ralph Ellison.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b59792672b2c4b27addbdaca3470245e",
            "input": "In a recurring performance in this novel, a legendary goalkeeper boasts of his exploits with the nation's foremost actresses. One character in this novel arouses the suspicion of secret police after he kisses the corpse of a teenager from the local religious school. Following a memorable dialogue at the New Life Cafe, a rebel murders the director of the Ministry of Education for suspected (*) atheism in this novel. After its protagonist, a middling modernist poet, betrays the charismatic terrorist Blue, he loses the trust of his lover Kadife and she refuses to accompany him back to Germany. That protagonist helps orchestrate a doomed adaptation of The Spanish Tragedy, during which Ipek removes her headscarf in this novel. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by Ka during his time in Kars, written by Orhan Pamuk.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88b1dcd145bc4fbab4447d11b77dc23e",
            "input": "He is said to have purchased three prophetic books from the Cumaean Sibyl and to have deposited them in the temple of Jupiter begun by his father. His nephew Lucius Junius Brutus and his friend Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus led a revolt against him after his son, Sextus, supposedly raped Collatinus' wife Lucretia. The son of Tarquinius Priscus and the son-in-law of Servius Tullius, FTP, identify this man overthrown in 509 BCE, the seventh and last king of Rome.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf973a67ed4c41569320d4d510121cf8",
            "input": "This philosopher distinguished between Qualitative thought and Affective Thought in Philosophy and Civilization, and Sydney Hook was known as this thinker's bulldog. He suggested that works of art actually hinder our ability to understand aesthetics in Art as Experience, and attacked the prevailing stimulus-response theory on the grounds that it creates a false metaphysical and epistemological distinction between sensory stimulation and motor response in The Reflex-Arc Concept in Psychology. Richard Rorty sought to integrate this philosophers thinking with Hegel and Darwin in the Consequences of Pragmatism. For 10 points, name this American philosopher, the author of Experience and Nature, and Democracy and Education.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01631e5245a846a58c0e973bb654f17d",
            "input": "A joint Spanish-Italian invasion of this place ended in a massacre at the Golden Fort, eighty-five years after its parliament was subdued by Poynings's Law. An early battle in this country's history was won by Murchad, on behalf of Murchad's elderly father, who was hacked to death by spiteful Norsemen fleeing the battlefield. This location of the Battle of the Diamond later was the site of the sack of Wexford and the massacre of Drogheda by the same occupier whose agents Cavendish and Burke were murdered by the Invincibles in its Phoenix Park. For 10 points, identify this island whose autonomy was advocated by Charles Parnell and ultimately secured by Eamon de Valera and Michael Collins.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d073ec4279ba4f4798c6c13c64eff387",
            "input": "Towards the end of the conflict came the invasion of Rugen and the Battle of Stresow, one year after the naval battle at Hango. An important early skirmish was the Battle of Erestfer, where the force of WA von Schlippenbach was attacked. This conflict is also known for battles featuring field marshal Charles Eugene de Croy and cavalry commander Adam Lewenhaupt. The Peace of Altranstadt was signed forcing Augustus the Strong to resign six years after major victory came for Charles XII at the Battle of Narva. Ended by the Treaty of Nystadt, its most famous battle was fought at Poltava. FTP, name this war fought from 1700-1721 largely between Sweden and Russia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13facc39bd6a4b25839e92f00479f343",
            "input": "A non-referee named Phil Luckett was Quartermaster General for this state in the Civil War, and its folklore celebrates servant Emily West distracting an enemy general by having sex with him. This state was where James Fannin and his men were massacred, and it was the site of the infamous brothel known as the Chicken Ranch. The end of slavery in this state is commemorated with the holiday (*) Juneteenth, and General John Bell Hood left Kentucky to fight for it in the Civil War. This modern-day state was the site of the Goliad Massacre, which was avenged in the 1836 Battle of San Jacinto. A popular folk song describes its \"yellow rose.\" For 10 points, name this southern state that once existed as an independent republic led by Sam Houston.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e8d396293c34ec09da77d7d5ab24eb2",
            "input": "The first act of this opera sees an Italian tenor perform the aria Di rigori armato for one of the central characters until he is interrupted by another characters heated argument with an attorney over wedding gift etiquette. Three central characters sing the third act trio Hab' mir's gelobt in this opera, which opens with one character hiding from the chocolate-bearing servant Mohammed. A male character courts the antagonist of this opera in the guise of the servant girl Mariandel. After helping trick Baron Ochs into releasing his engagement, the aging Marschallin allows Octavian to pursue the younger Sophie. For 10 points, name this opera in which Octavian falls in love with Sophie after ritually presenting her with the title flower on behalf of Baron Ochs, a comic opera by Richard Strauss.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad3558edbf874d1abed0602656f8e534",
            "input": "This author of the terrible poem \"Cape Cod\" wrote about his admiration for the materialism of Lucretius in one work, and discussed the formation of primal wills by equating them with Newton 's Laws of Motion in a work that discusses the origin of liberty, Dominations and Powers. He examined the formalization of Calvinism in The Genteel Tradition at Bay and depicted the Stranger and Socrates discussing democratic governments in another work. He discussed the consequences of giving up (*) \"passive intuition\" and obtaining essence from experience in another major tract, while another text by this author of Dialogues of Limbo identifies spirit, truth, matter, and essence as the titular Realms of Being. FTP, identify this author of The Last Puritan and Skepticism and Animal Faith, who in The Life of Reason warned that those who cannot remember history are condemned to repeat it.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09d75ed7e2d14c09a9c78d453bac10bd",
            "input": "This poem mentions hedgerows which are \"hardly hedgerows\" but \"little lines / Of sportive wood run wild,\" which are seen by the speaker as he sits under a \"dark sycamore. \" Some \"steep and lofty cliffs\" impress upon the poet \"thoughts of more deep seclusion,\" and he thinks that the \"wreaths of smoke\" might rise from \"vagrant dwellers in the houseless woods. \" In the final section of the poem, the poet describes his \"cheerful faith\" that \"all which we behold / Is full of blessings\" to his sister Dorothy, who went with him on the walking tour that is this poem's subject. FTP, name this poem which was composed a few miles above a site on the river Wye, a 1798 work by William Wordsworth.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-767336bf12d44984a4c242b231033864",
            "input": "The determinant of a Vandermonde matrix is usually called one of these things. Power sums are related to \"symmetric\" varieties of these things by the Newton identities. The solutions of these things can be quickly tested with Horner's method. The elementary symmetric function for these things are defined by Vieta's formulas. Their types of solutions can be determined by using (*) Descartes's rule of signs. A complex solution to these functions always exists according to the fundamental theorem of algebra. Their degree is equal to their number of roots. For 10 points, name these functions that consist of a sum of variables raised to non-negative integer powers and multiplied by coefficients, such as cubics and quadratics.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1623d180d3534b8ea47cbd0085cc4e61",
            "input": "One king of this country committed suicide in 1820 by shooting himself with a silver bullet rather than face a coup. A more recent ruler of this country ordered the deaths of all black dogs due to the shape-shifting abilities of a rival. That ruler of this country was served by his brutal secret police force known as the Tonton Macoutes. This country once led by Papa Doc Duvalier fought for independence under Henri Christophe, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and Toussaint L'Ouverture. FTP, name this Caribbean country on the western side of the island of Hispaniola.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8c246a258da4753b1d0276eee6baa90",
            "input": "At the beginning of Max Frisch's Homo Faber, a man identified only as a \"ruin-lover\" procures a Land Rover so the main character can visit this nation. This country gave its title to a journalistic work subtitled \"Occupied Country,\" by Uruguayan writer Eduardo Galeano, whose essay \"The Government Decides that Reality Doesn't Exist,\" concerns a declaration by this nation's president regarding a dormant volcano. In another work set in this country, Celestino Yumi sells his wife Catalina Zabala to the demon Tazol while in yet another work, the guerilla leader Gaspar Ilom, believing himself to be a descendant of the title group, wages war against the Mounted Patrol. The author of those aforementioned works, which includes the novel Mulatta, also authored a collection of legends of this country, and another work by that author centers of Miguel Angel Face, an advisor to the titular politician. The setting of such works as The Eyes of the Interred and Men of Maize, as well as El Senor Presidente, for ten points, identify this Central American nation whose most famous native writer is Miguel Asturias.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6cac7d9d1c6c463199280d9e5e145e3c",
            "input": "This thinker posited that authority exists in legal, charismatic, and traditional forms in a work analyzing bureaucracies called Economy and Society. This man theorized that authority stems from custom, charisma, or law in a work that labels the state as the entity with a monopoly on force. Another work by this author of Politics as a Vocation claims that man was trapped in an \"iron cage of rationality\" and that the Calvinist view of work as a \"calling\" has led to the rise of the titular economic system. For 10 points, name this German sociologist who wrote \"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism\".",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-580c7b33d50f4fc6a718cc1db9b9c92c",
            "input": "This river is home to its namesake goose Neochen jubata and the crocodile Crocodylus intermedius. The Guahibos and Atures rapids are located on this river and its river system is linked to a much larger river system by the Casiquiare Canal. This river's tributaries include the Apure river and the Meta. The Maipure and Warao live around this river. This river is the site of one of the largest deposits of (*) tar sands outside of Canada. This river's name means \"a place to paddle.\" This river flows through the Llanos and it has a large delta. Cities along this river include Puerto Ayacucho and Ciudad Bolivar. For 10 points, name this large river of Columbia and Venezuela which gives its name to a work of Aphra Behn.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-539e55a4de3c4252b9eeaf9c46c0cf88",
            "input": "This physical phenomenon is widely used in many republics of the former Soviet Union to power radio receivers in remote areas. The discoverer of the effect mistakenly thought that conductors were directly magnetized by the difference in temperature, when, in fact, a thermoelectric potential was being generated between the metals. FTP, name this effect behind the thermocouple, first observed in 1821 by its namesake Russo-German physicist and the inverse of the Peltier effect.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-42ed93d82ca047b587218f4b0b73a07d",
            "input": "Some of the characters in this opera discuss the future in the song \"Alta cagion v'aduna,\" while later, one character instructs antoher to be more modest in \"Vieni: sul crin ti piovano. \" Other notable music in this opera includes the ball scene in the second act, while a returning army is depicted in the Triumphal March. The title character is compared to Celeste in one aria, while others include \"Ritorna vincitor,\" and \"O Patria Mia. \" In an excised scene, the title character meets another character in a tomb, where that man had been sealed as part of his punishment for defying the ruler. Amneris complicates matters in this play by falling in love with Radames, the son of the Pharaoh. For ten points, name this opera about the titular Ethiopian princess, which was written by Giuseppe Verdi. \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94a88fb494f34c5490e4559fb3d71028",
            "input": "The largely ignored published version of this poem substitutes \"\"wild sad eyes\"\" for the eighth stanza\\n phrase \"\"wild wild eyes. \"\" The protagonist of this poem makes an accessory called a \"\"fragrant zone. \"\" One of\\n its characters has a lily on his brow and a fading rose on his cheeks. Its opening stanza describes a lake\\n where sedge has withered and no birds sing. Its tenth stanza describes \"\"pale kings and princes\"\" who sing\\n that the title character \"\"hath thee in thrall. \"\" It describes the encounter between a knight and an elusive lady\\n referred to as a \"\"faery's child,\"\" and partially takes place in an \"\"elfin grot. \"\" For 10 points, name this poem\\n by John Keats whose French title translates as \"\"The Beautiful Lady Without Pity. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-119d3660eacd4011b0e295c2bd317083",
            "input": "This man wrote that he did not think it possible to \"\"consolidate a great republic\"\" in the lands where he was fighting in his \"\"Jamaica Letter. \"\" As a general, this man achieved victories in the Battles of Boyaca and Carabobo. This leader was assisted by the officer Antonio (*) Jose de Sucre and attended the Guayaquil Conference to meet with Jose de San Martin. This man was the first president of Gran Colombia. For 10 points, name this revolutionary who became known as El Libertador for freeing Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela from Spanish rule.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e8c8ec8768a4759b9937eadc99e9881",
            "input": "Ban Chao was a general during this dynasty, which faced the Rebellion of the Seven States. Its emperor Wudi defeated the Xiongnu Confederation, and this dynasty was founded when Liu Bang defeated the state of Chu. The Red Eyebrow Rebellion helped depose Wang Mang's Xin Dynasty and restore rule to this dynasty, which also faced a Taoist revolt called the (*) Yellow Turban Rebellion. It was preceded by the Qin Dynasty and followed by the Three Kingdoms, and this dynasty might have contacted its contemporary Roman Empire via the Silk Road. For ten points, identify this dynasty named after China's majority ethnic group.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-594de02bbac34097931ada23ff6d629b",
            "input": "In one of his works, Alois Straubleder leads the police back to his house where the fugitive Ludwig Goetten is hiding. He worked for a statistics bureau while working on his first novel, and another of his novels reveals that Leni Pfeiffer was in love with a Russian POW. A member of the \"rubble literature\" school, he wrote The Safety Net and A Soldier's Legacy in addition to the aforementioned media satire about a woman arrested by police for sleeping with a bank robber, The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum. Author of The Train Was on Time and Group Portrait with Lady, for 10 points name this novelist who wrote of the Fahmel family's rebuilding of an abbey in Billiards at Half-Past Nine.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1d834e96bb947f58fc26561f65600ce",
            "input": "BartonMcCombie deoxygenation converts tributyltin hydride into one of these compounds in order to remove a hydroxyl group. They can be reacted with nitrones or nitroso compounds to form a stable spin adduct, allowing for the measurement of hyperfine splitting due to spin coupling with the nucleus; that is the spin trapping technique. AIBN is used to create these compounds with a net release of nitrogen gas. They are (*) often created by treating reagents with peroxide and light, since the oxygen-oxygen bond in peroxide easily undergoes homolytic cleavage, and they can be analyzed by electron spin resonance. Reactions involving them, such as anti-Markovnikov additions and chain polymerizations, consist of initiation, propagation, and termination steps. For 10 points, name these compounds removed by antioxidants that have unpaired electrons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0494fc7abec841f1be868309c7710fcd",
            "input": "Hephaestus' unsuccessful attempt to rape this goddess led to the birth of Erichthonius. This goddess casted the deciding vote at Orestes' trial. She won a contest judged by Cecrops by creating the olive tree. In the Odyssey, she forces Calypso to release the imprisoned Odysseus and aids Telemachus. This daughter of Metis defeated Arachne in a weaving contest. She was born by emerging, fully formed, from the head of Zeus. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of wisdom, the counterpart of the Roman Minerva and patron deity and namesake of Athens.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-342dd26285394e958a28755ea8089b20",
            "input": "This force was predicted by Hideki Yukawa to be mediated by the exchange of pi mesons. As predicted by SU(3) gauge theory, the strength of this force becomes arbitrarily strong at short distances, and it does not diminish past a certain point, two properties called asymptotic freedom and color confinement, which explains the non-existence of free quarks. This force that is described by quantum [*] chromodynamics and mediated by gluons acts on color-charged fermions. Overcoming the repelling electrical forces between protons to hold the nucleus together, for 10 points, name this fundamental force, which is about ten to the fifth times more powerful than the weak force.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1d6380ca375405a8943b080612c7730",
            "input": "This man discussed language chained by \"\"dull rhymes\"\" and \"\"bound with garlands of her own\"\" in his poem \"\"On the Sonnet. \"\" This man also wrote a poem about a superstition in which young maidens \"\"supperless to bed ... must retire. \"\" In that poem, Angela allows Porphyro to visit Madeline on the title night, the Eve of St. Agnes. In one of his poems, the title object has the ability to \"\"tease us out of thought,\"\" and that poem concludes that (*) \"\"Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty. \"\" For 10 points, name this British poet of \"\"Ode on a Grecian Urn. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a7c23686085e4460a579ecec63eabc3e",
            "input": "He argued that sin lies in intentions, not actions, in Know Thyself, and also wrote Dialogue Between a Philosopher, a Jew, and a Christian. He disagreed with Roscelin of Compigne and Guillaume de Champeaux by saying that language is incapable of demonstrating the truth of physical objects. He went to study under Anselm of Laon but hated it, despite the fact that both are today considered major writers of Scholasticism. His autobiography, History of My Troubles, (*) describes his famous love affair, which produced a son named Astrolabe, while his best-known work as a logician is Sic et non. FTP name this medieval French philosopher castrated for his love affair with Hlose.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11970c5cd9a843e492fef8b0db33ec4a",
            "input": "Calder v. Bull extended the results of this case to state legislatures, while a previous law discussed in this case gave the Supreme Court jurisdiction over petitions for writs of mandamus. The Chief Justice initially favored the plaintiff, who was from his political party, but ultimately rested his decision on the power of the (*) Supremacy Clause over an Act passed by Congress. It began when Thomas Jefferson's Secretary of State refused to deliver appointments to John Adam's \"Midnight Judges,\" and led to the Judiciary Act of 1789 being declared unconstitutional. For ten points, identify this landmark Supreme Court case decided by John Marshall, which established judicial review.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f7b47a40605497a91eaf6604c5c905b",
            "input": "This composer's reputation improved dramatically after Arthur Schoenberg wrote an essay championing his music as progressive. This illness of Clara Schumann inspired this composer's Four Serious songs. He included student songs such as \"\"We Have Built a Stately House\"\" and \"\"Gaudeamus Igitur\"\" in a piece this man composed upon receiving an honorary doctorate from the University of Breslau. That work is this composer's Academic Festival Overture. For 10 points, name this composer of the German Requiem, who is grouped with Bach and Beethoven as the \"\"three B's. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d3798c06d114c3a9548299facb21ab5",
            "input": "This ruler founded a hospital meant to hold 300 called the Fifteen Score and traded territory with Spain\\n in the Treaty of Corbeil. Blanche of Castille served as regent in the early reign of this ruler, marked by a\\n victory over Raymond VII at the Battle of Languedoc. Later, this ruler defeated a force loyal to Henry III at\\n the Battle of Taillebourg. He died of a stomach illness after allying with his brother Charles of Anjou in an\\n attack on Tunis, and was earlier captured at the Battle of Fariskur by the Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt. For 10\\n points, name this French king who went on the Seventh and Eighth Crusades, the only French king to be\\n canonized.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-003128ac0ab24104a69f9bd911c85d52",
            "input": "An Indian attack on this city in 1856 was thwarted by the sloop Decatur. This city's timber boom was centered on a street called Skid Road, possibly the origin of the term \"Skid Row. \" John Back, a worker at this city's Victor Clairmont cabinet company, started its great 1889 fire in a tragic gluing accident. It was shaken by 2001's Nisqually Earthquake, and protests surrounding its 1999 World Trade Organization conference were dubbed its namesake \"Battle. \" This city was Jimi Hendrix's childhood home, and it houses the Gehry-designed Experience Music Project. For 10 points, name this home of the 1962 World's Fair, which erected its Space Needle.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f47ead0eb4642778acbca91b6f16f7a",
            "input": "A vocal work by this composer includes an instrumental interlude in C major and 12/8 time that imitates pastoral \"pifferari\". This composer wrote a keyboard suite that ends with five increasingly rapid variations on an \"air\" in E major. A Siciliana by this composer called \"La Paix\" joins a movement called \"La Rejouissance\" in an orchestral work by this composer that was meant to (*) celebrate the end of the War of the Austrian Succession. This composer of \"The Harmonious Blacksmith\" and Music for the Royal Fireworks wrote a vocal work which includes the movements \"Ev'ry valley shall be exalted\" and \"For unto us a child is born\". For 10 points, name this German-born English Baroque composer who included a \"Hallelujah\" chorus in his Messiah.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ada9b02063a4a9d9e8fdd55b8bc9627",
            "input": "One player of this instrument composed songs such as \"Billie's Bounce\" and \"Now's the Time. \"\" Another player of it included the songs \"Countdown\" and \"Naima\" on his album Giant Steps. Those players of this instrument made the albums Ornithology and A Love Supreme and are Charlie \"Bird\" Parker and John Coltrane. For 20 points, name this family of instruments important in jazz, a single-reed wind instrument made of brass and named for its inventor Adolph.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8fd5d686a0d240228f40b849c95499df",
            "input": "A one-time mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut, this man built the fanciful mansion \"Iranistan\" in the city. He was a prime benefactor of Tufts University, which honored him with its choice of mascot. In one of the buildings he operated, this man hung the sign \"This Way to the Egress,\" which simply led people to the exit. He paid a $1,000 a night to the \"Swedish Nightingale,\" singer Jenny Lind, to tour across America. After purchasing Scudder's American (*) Museum, this man purchased a creature with the head of a monkey and the tail of a fish. Besides showing off \"General Tom Thumb\" and the \"Feejee mermaid,\" he is credited with introducing the phrase \"There's a sucker born every minute.\" For 10 points, name this famous hoaxer and circus showman.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24cd85864c5944938b98922defc41e03",
            "input": "He was an unsuccessful presidential candidate in 1867 and 1871, but would lead his nation for a period of 31 out of 35 years. In 1876 he overthrew the government of President Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada, and while he had to cede power for four years because the constitution would not allow presidents to serve consecutive terms, he rewrote that rule when he returned to power in 1884. For ten points, identify the Mexican dictator who ruled until 1911, when he himself was overthrown by Francisco Madero.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2dc528420b694b8b9371d6f9f15c9c65",
            "input": "One of this author's characters curses \"novels, verses, songs,\" and \"sonnets\" as \"pernicious amusements of idle minds\" at the end of the play in which he appears. That character, Gorgibus, vows to marry off his daughter and niece or send the two to a nunnery. In another play by this author, a maid voices her opinion of a forced marriage but stops talking every time her master is about to slap her. In that play, two lovers repeatedly walk away from each other as Dorine tries to mend their relationship, which was ruined by Mariane's arranged marriage. One of this man's title characters has his licentiousness revealed to Orgon as Orgon hides under a table. For 10 points, name this playwright who satirized French society in his comedies of manners The Affected Young Ladies and Tartuffe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56715229b28640e4890c40fc9633cfca",
            "input": "This general lost one battle when his subordinate, Adam Stephen, was intoxicated during it. He was sent to Fort Le Boeuf by Robert Dinwiddie. This man dramatically put on his spectacles while squelching the Newburgh Conspiracy. He was the senior American aide to Edward (*) Braddock on that man's ill-fated expedition and had previously been forced to surrender Fort Necessity. This man improved the skills of his troops by bringing in Baron von Steuben to train them. He made a dramatic evacuation after losing the Battle of Long Island. For 10 points, name this American general who led his troops to capture Hessians at Trenton after crossing the Delaware River on Christmas Day, 1776.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0078e2859a924b449e9ac2a98a7f0d6d",
            "input": "Paulo Ribenboim proved in 1991 that the set of these is Diophantine, and in 1912 Edmund Landau proposed four \"unattackable problems\" dealing with them, none of which have yet been solved. The theorem named for them states that the number of them less than or equal to n is approximately equal to n divided by the natural logarithm of n. The GIMPS project seeks to find examples of the Mersenne type of this number, ordinary examples of which can be found using the sieve of Eratosthenes. For 10 points, identify these numbers whose only two factors are 1 and itself.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0c293eaf101402ba6132ef45cf7cb02",
            "input": "In this work, African-Americans are referred to as \"\"Children of Ham,\"\" and one character discovers the main character's diary with Professor Knotly Wade. That character, Professor Pieixoto, refers to one entity in this work as the \"\"Underground Frailroad. \"\" Born Eurydice, the protagonist has a relationship with Nick and plays Scrabble with her boss, whose wife Serena Joy is jealous of the protagonist's fertility. Set in the military dictatorship of Gilead, this novel is narrated by the Commander's concubine Offred. For 10 points, name this novel by Margaret Atwood.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9974700ddc443c0a48f5a87f7200516",
            "input": "This thinker collaborated with Gregory Bateson on a photographic analysis of Balinese Character. This thinker described the female-dominated Tchambuli people, along with the Arapesh and Mundugumor in Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. In one work, this woman wrote about the use of chicken blood to circumvent a system of ceremonial virginity, known as [*] taupou. That work was criticized by Derek Freeman, who claimed that the natives this woman interviewed lied about their adolescent experiences on the island of T'au in Polynesia. For 10 points, identify this female anthropologist, author of Coming of Age in Samoa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-acd931cab5c542bfabe197a4d1b8db39",
            "input": "In the limit of low pressure and coverage, this relation can be derived from Hirasaki's model. Solid-phase microextraction techniques have been used to determine its constants, two of which are dimensionless, and the rest of which must be converted between units, while their reciprocal is the water partition coefficient. Its application to the solvent is a special case which falls under Raoult's Law, and it assumes dilute ideal solutions. Most simply stated as P equals KC, it holds that the concentration of a solute gas in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the solution. The cause of decompression sickness, FTP, give this gas law named for an English chemist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-871ad5df81f443e5bf2b12e0ae9160b4",
            "input": "Encouraged to become an artist by Sir Joshua Reynolds, he had a strong influence on his younger contemporary William Blake after his ten year foray to Italy to study the works of Michelangelo. Born in Zurich, he was appointed keeper of the Royal Academy in 1804, and is famous for his paintings and drawings of nude figures in strained poses showing intense emotion. FTP, name this Swiss-English painter, whose macabre fantasies included 1781's The Nightmare.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6451e68ac9c441c4910d46cdef6a81ed",
            "input": "He overlapped a pair of soprano saxophones repeating an interval in different rhythms for the score for Beckett's play Play, and one of his compositions, in which a stepmother kills her son when he reaches into a chest for an apple, is based on the story by the Brothers Grimm, \"The Juniper Tree. \" He provided the \"Rome Section\" to The Civil Wars, which is still incomplete, and his One Plus One required hands rapping a table fitted with a microphone. The opening scene of one piece features an aria becoming a duet and then a trio against the background of a chaconne and is entitled \"The Kuru Field of Justice. \" The final scene of his most famous piece features frantically chanted numbers, which may imply some sort of nuclear holocaust. For 10 points, identify this minimalist composer of Satyagraha, Akhenaten, and Einstein on the Beach. \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4cf1f2ff40a4582aaf8533389506b7f",
            "input": "This man recently discussed his work with Mabub ul Haq in a preview of his upcoming book The Idea of Justice and his more recent works include Inequality Reexamined and Identity and Violence. Together with Martha Nussbaum, he developed the capability approach as outlined in his essay \"Equality of What. \" He argued that shortages stem from inequality in distribution in Poverty and Famines, and his book Collective Choice and Social Welfare proposed that it is impossible to maintain a commitment to \"minimal liberty\" and Pareto optimality. FTP, name this Indian economist who built on the work of Kenneth Arrow by advancing the Liberal paradox.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4dc657fe343e48a097d9592984d5e31f",
            "input": "A character in this work refuses to stop his own punishment by claiming that all power is a form of violence exercised over people. Another character in this work has his head lopped off by a trolley after his death was prophesied, leading to a comic chase that sees a poet land in an insane asylum. One character in this work has a posse that include Hella, Behemoth, Kovoriev-Faggot, and Azazello, a naked maid, black cat, clown, and evil trickster, respectively. That character, Woland, reincarnates one of the title characters manuscripts, which tells the story of Yeshua Ha-Notsri, a rabble-rouser from Galilee who is really Jesus Christ. FTP, name this work in which the title woman makes a Faustian pact with the devil to be with her lover, the titular nameless writer, a work of Mikhail Bulgakov.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-325538c5ecf541019a9cb8a28321929c",
            "input": "This man's only opera was The Maiden in the Tower, though a later work was originally the prelude to the never-realized opera The Creation of the Boat. He wrote incidental music to plays like Everyman and Strindberg's fairy-drama Swanwhite, while tone poems include Nightride and Sunrise and The Dryad. \"A Spring in the Park\" and \"Three Blind Sisters\" are among the eight movements of his incidental music to Pelleas et Melisande. This composer of seven symphonies honored his home province in his Karelia Suite, though he is better-known for mythical pieces like Kullervo and The Swan of Tuonela. For 10 points, name this composer of Finlandia.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e397855c043d4cf4899da363f0061962",
            "input": "The growing influence of the Poitevins led by Peter des Roches led the wary Archbishop of Canterbury Edmund Rich to threaten this man's excommunication, and earlier this King had dismissed his advisor Hugh de Burgh at the behest of des Roches. William the Marshal was this man's first regent. The Mad Parliament met during this man's reign, and his son Edmund was offered the Sicilian throne by the Papacy. He recognized the claims of Llewelyn and gave him the title of Prince of Wales in the Treaty of Montgomery. This man lost the Battle of Lewes to an adversary who was later killed at the Battle of Evesham. This son of King John decided to repudiate a document he'd signed in 1258, which raised the ire of Simon de Montfort and other Barons. For 10 points, identify this monarch who signed the Provisions of Oxford.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f98170e59ea3458fb0098144001978e5",
            "input": "One of these animals named Maera brought Erigone to the body of her father, Icarius. Another of these\\n animals was depicted next to the throne of Serapis, the official god of Ptolemaic Egypt. The female doctor\\n Procris of Athens was given one of these animals as a gift after she cured King Minos. One of these\\n animals named Orthrus had two heads and was killed by Hercules during the labor involving the cattle of\\n Geryon. One of these animals, Laelaps, was turned to stone by Zeus after he created a paradox by chasing\\n an uncatchable fox. Odysseus owned another of these animals named Argos. For 10 points, name this\\n animal, examples of which include Cerberus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a2a4dd4d2244d249f39e860e4b70546",
            "input": "One of this ruler's first official actions was to retroactively declare himself King and charge his opponents with treason, although he spared the Earl of Lincoln, eventually leading to the Battle of Stoke. He destroyed all copies of the Titulus Regius and. his reign saw the signing the Treaty of Etaples, abandoning his invasion plans for France, in exchange for a large payment, as well as France's promise no longer support a revolt following those by Stafford and Lovell and (*) Lambert Simnel. He joined with the Earl of Oxford in his position as Earl of Richmond to win a victory after landing at Milford Haven, defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth field. After the death of his son Arthur, this monarch arranged for Catherine of Aragon to marry his younger son, who succeeded him. FTP, identify this English King who Wars of the Roses to found the Tudor dynasty, the father of Henry VII.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d7b264044e247469f58d74ecdc40797",
            "input": "One idea proposed by this theorist is the spectacle, or opsis. He also discussed the idea of simulated representation, which he referred to by a term later used to title a book by Erich Auerbach, mimesis (mim-EE-sis). He also identified the anagnorisis (aa-nag-nor-EE-sis), or moment of recognition, and the peripeteia (per-uh-pit-EY-uh), or reversal of circumstances, as elements of drama. Other elements include hamartia (hah-MARSH-uh), a character's tragic flaw, and catharsis. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek philosopher who analyzed drama in his Poetics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ee0be2165944af6a6c7eeea9a8498d8",
            "input": "The dead body of the title character, who comes from the Black Forest, arrives in Riva in this authors short story The Hunter Gracchus. The explorer sails away without the former prisoner after the torture machine stabs the Officer in one work by this author, while in another work, Titorelli gives advice to Joseph K. shortly before his death. This author of In the Penal Colony and The Trial may be best remembered for creating the characters K. and Gregor Samsa. For 10 points, name this Czech author of The Castle and The Metamorphosis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ccec3e42468c4341994ebdacd02b7981",
            "input": "In a painting by this artist, a man clad in a striped orange outfit seems to be punching the midsecton of a man in a striped blue outfit in a clearing in the woods. The Football Players was created in 1908, a year after he painted some uncomfortable looking officials on a red platform with a woman clad in red and a lion. The large feline appearing in The Representatives of Foreign Powers Coming to Greet the Republic as a Sign of Peace is not unique in his work, as big cats also appear in The Repast of the Lion and Fight Between a Tiger and a Buffalo. In one of his most famous works, a large lion looks down at the titular woman, who has a pitcher and a stringed instrument. FTP, name this French painter of The Snake Charmer, The Dream, and The Sleeping Gypsy.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8d6bcb43b2384cf483f2070cf9923d10",
            "input": "On the morning of this battle, General Tyler was sent to harass the opposing generals left wing until the reinforcements of Hunter and Heintzelman arrived. At the same time, Colonels Richardson and Davies were sent to attack the other flank of the Confederate army. Henry Slocums regiment broke through Confederate lines but defeat was staved off as the timely arrival of Confederate soldiers allowed Bernard Bee and others to mount a staunch defense at Henry House Hill. Afterwards, Union General Irvin McDowell was replaced with the man who would lead the Army of the Potomac, George McClellan. FTP, name this battle where Thomas Jackson earned the nickname Stonewall, the first major battle of the Civil War, a July 21, 1861 victory for the Confederates.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b4056e653cc4f3fa8f26e9470845182",
            "input": "Technically, this conflict can be divided into two phases, with the first half being settled at the Peace of Berwick. A year later, the second phase ended after a battle that saw Lord Conway and Thomas Fairfax defeated by Alexander Leslie, Earl of Leven. Following the battle of Newburn-on-the-Tyne and the capture of Newcastle four days later, the Treaty of Ripon effectively ended it all. With the English defeat primarily resulting from the refusal of funds by the Short Parliament, the conflict was a Scottish victory over Charles I, forcing him to call the Long Parliament and precipitating the English Civil War. FTP, name this war which took its name from the Scottish refusal of certain Anglican clergymen.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4865260b3134e4980d6e4a0942889e6",
            "input": "This quantity's SI unit is found using the von Klitzing constant of the quantum Hall effect. In high-frequency AC circuits, this quantity is increased via the skin effect. It is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of its namesake component. Values of it add directly when its namesake components are arranged in series. It equals voltage divided by current, according to Ohm's Law. For 10 points, name this measure of an object's opposition to electrical current.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-332793706f0042c18c79c4c72b51b02b",
            "input": "This pathway's first enzyme, a transcarbomylase, requires an input of carbomyl phosphate. The synthetase at this pathway's antepenultimate step requires aspartate, which is dehydrated and combined with citrulline. Sometimes called the Krebs-Henseleit cycle, it requires three ATP, which it reduces to two ADP and an AMP. This double-celled cycle regenerates its required fumarate from arginosuccinate, after which arginase produces its namesake compound. FTP, name this biological pathway, the first metabolic pathway discovered, that degrades amino acids to a certain nitrogenous waste product.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-273e709a4c534a838d6dd12ac9d4c749",
            "input": "One character in this novel breaks off his engagement to Blanche Ingram, and another has the word \"Resurgam\" placed on her tombstone after dying of consumption. That character, Helen Burns, attended the Brocklehurst-run Lowood school with this novel's protagonist, who rejects (*) St. John Rivers and a chance to be a missionary's wife in India after hearing her former love call her name. That man had been secretly married to the mad Bertha Mason, who burns down Thornfield Hall. For ten points, identify this novel whose protagonist eventually marries Rochester, the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cfc1b5d5dc474686992b568a0551f23a",
            "input": "One character in this novel tries to make up for his misdeeds by donating his retinas. The narrator clears his deceased great-grandfather of a reputation for deserting a (*) peasant revolt, and the protagaonist's alcoholic wife sleeps with a student who has just come back from America. Also, a riot happens at the grocery store run by a Korean named \"the emperor. \" For 10 points Mitsu has a retarded son in what Kenzaburo Oe novel",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e92961a302c4211862db0b0512871f3",
            "input": "Chapter 11 is \"The Belief in Luck,\" chapter 10 is \"Modern Survivals of Prowess,\" and chapter 5 is \"The Pecuniary Standard of Living. \"  This work used Darwin's theory of evolution to analyze the modern industrial system, and its author claimed that industry demanded diligence, efficiency, and cooperation among businessmen. Instead, the author witnessed predatory tactics and what he termed \"conspicuous consumption. \"  FTP, identify this theoretical 1899 work of Thorstein Veblen.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9fbe226906548dd8722dce92a6f447b",
            "input": "By replacing generalized velocities with the conjugate form of this quantity, one can reformulate Lagrangian mechanics as Hamiltonian mechanics. In fluid dynamics, the Cauchy equation is equivalent to the conservation of this quantity. Its operator in quantum mechanics is equal to i h-bar times the partial derivative with respect to position. The conservation of this quantity proceeds from translational symmetry according to Noether's theorem. According to the de (*) Broglie relation, wavelength is equal to Planck's constant over this quantity. This quantity is conserved by inelastic collisions. The change in this quantity is defined as the impulse. For 10 points, name this quantity conventionally equal to mass times velocity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26eedab5907e456280f0cf6b2ad66f24",
            "input": "The first holder of this office divided his capital into sections called calpulli, and holders of this office wore special headgear known as the copilli. Holders of this office were advised by a Council of Four, who were selected at the same time as this figure via a secret vote of nobles and military officers, and this office's name translates as \"speaker\". One holder of this office was depicted as a god on the Tizoc Stone, while another formed the Triple Alliance that fought the Flower Wars. The last holder of this office was Cuautemoc, and the most famous allegedly mistook his dispoiler for a god. For ten points, name this office held by Montezuma.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e56a969ffa884454a5a6ec8ac927036d",
            "input": "This battle is commemorated by an unnamed statue of a boot. In the early stages of this battle, sharpshooters under Daniel Morgan attacked and killed nearly all enemy officers in the advance company, before unwittingly charging into the enemy's main force. After General Lincoln brought two thousand men, the Americans were able to force a surrender when British forces moved out to find more rations. Consisting of two major action sites, at Bemis Heights and Freeman's Farm, the result of this battle turned the war into a global conflict, bringing French and Spanish aid to the victors. Benedict Arnold was the hero of this battle, which resulted in the surrender of General Burgoyne. For 10 points, name this battle, a victory for Horatio Gates that turned the tide of the American Revolution.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6129c2f328e4326be113442fa5d328d",
            "input": "Askr and Embla were born from it, four deer run across it, representing the winds, and the Roaring Kettle, which serves as the source of rivers, lies beneath it. Also known as Laerad, Heidrun and Eikthyrmir eat from it, and Lif and Leifthrasir will use it as shelter. Urdarbrunnr is used to sustain it while it holds together three levels that contain the Nine Worlds, (*) and the Aesir hold court here. Nidhogg gnaws at the base of it, and it will eventually be destroyed by Surt. The source of the mead served in Valhalla, Odin hung upside down for nine nights from it to receive runes. The golden bird Vidofnir is perched on a hawk at its top, and Ratatsk runs up and down it delivering messages. FTP, name this giant ash, the world tree in Norse mythology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87c1a52ccd4c44a8b3550187d7fb2651",
            "input": "One form of resonance posited to describe these objects occurs where the difference between the pattern and co-rotation frequencies is an integer quotient of the epicyclic frequency. Those resonances exist in the theory of these objects as density waves in a gravitational plasma dispersion relation; those waves are only quasi-stable as these objects cannot be stable due to the so-called winding problem. The aforementioned resonances are named for Lindbladt and the aforementioned theory for (*) Lin and Shu. The rotation rate of these objects increases with luminosity according to the Tully-Fisher relation. Like their elliptical counterparts, they generally contain a red nucleus. Some of these galaxies contain bars. FTP, identify this common type of galaxies, exemplified by the milky way, characterized by their swirling appearance.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0de4cc87a2344439cf3ece556a7b73d",
            "input": "In one painting by this artist, plasticine trees and shrubs stretch off on idyllic green hills in the distance, while a handplow seemingly pushes itself in the foreground. He also painted an overdeck truss bridge in one painting of a picaresque village with a peaceful brook running through it. In addition to Fall Plowing and Stone City, he painted a horse and rider galloping past a tall white church in a darker painting of a similar town, his Midnight Ride of Paul Revere. This artist reproduced Emmanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware in the background of one more well known painting of three ugly women, one of whom holds a porcelain teacup. For 10 pointsname this artist of Daughters of the Revolution, who also painted a constipated-looking dude with a pitchfork in his American Gothic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-126e76ecc2d248218585c178d4ea9d3d",
            "input": "One of this composer's operas sees the bartender Minnie save the life of the outlaw Jack. In addition to Girl of the Golden West, he also composed an opera in which the title character sings \"Vissi d'Arte\" and laments that her lover's fate is in the hands of Scarpia. Cio-Cio San stabs herself after Pinkerton abandons her in another work by this composer, who died while writing an opera in which Prince Calaf sings the aria \"Nessun dorma. \" For 10 points, name this Italian composer of the operas Tosca, Turandot, Madama Butterfly, and La Bohme.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34591e7591264ad3bc53e2d94fe9bc6f",
            "input": "This Canadian province had Easter Riots against conscription in 1918 and to a lesser extent during World War II. It was the site of the kidnapping of two government officials in 1970 during its October Crisis. Most of it overlaps what was known as Lower Canada, though its borders included much of the midwestern United States and guaranteed freedom to practice Catholicism after its namesake Act in 1774. During the Seven Years' War, it was the site of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. During the second half of the 20th century, there was much discussion over its Quiet Revolution, and many of its residents wanted to separate from Canada. Name this province now recognized as a nation within a united Canada that is distinguished by its embrace of French culture and whose most populous city is Montreal.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95ac8c7b79f54fc9aa68961b86cfe133",
            "input": "This works second part opens with the line O sovereign power of love! O grief! O balm! before the title character meets up with Venus and Adonis. It opens when the title characters sister Peona takes him away from a celebration of Pan. This poems poet chose to use Cynthia instead of a more common name for its protagonists love interest. Beginning with the line A thing of beauty is a joy forever and written when its author was just 21, for ten points, identify this poem about a shepherd who falls for the moon goddess Selene written by John Keats.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3548a6efb0bf4ab79d2ece75ac4f2f93",
            "input": "One of this author's poems calls \"Eternity\" a \"Five Year Plan\" and repeats the question \"who dares to call himself a man\" This author reminisced about an uncle who farmed vegetables, chickens, and then skunks before dying and beginning a worm farm in a poem beginning \"nobody loses all the time. \" This poet wrote \"your slightest look will easily unclose me / though i have closed myself as fingers\" in his love poem \"somewhere I have never travelled / gladly beyond,\" and asserted \"there's a hell of a good universe next door;let's go\" in his poem \"pity this busy monster, manunkind. \" This poet of \"Jehovah buried,Satan dead\" and \"my father moved through dooms of love\" asked \"how do you like your blueeyed boy / Mister Death\" in his poem \"Buffalo Bill's / defunct. \" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"anyone lived in a pretty how town,\" whose poems feature unusual punctuation.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f4f27c3ecc74befbd1cd90f6d407b76",
            "input": "This author was inspired by his mistress Jeanne Duval to write many of his works. This author of The Painter of Modern Life called the addressee a \"hypocrite\" in his poem \"To the Reader.\" This poet wrote that \"your kisses could resuscitate the cadaver of\" the title creature in \"Vampire.\" He is not Coleridge, but wrote a poem about seamen hunting the title bird in \"The Albatross.\" This poet used a body part to represent fear in the section \"Spleen and Ideal.\"  For 10 points, name this French poet who wrote the collection The Flowers of Evil.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c50d309da17449fa8f5b0455afee1fed",
            "input": "Keith Chen recently showed a flaw in experiments that had claimed to be able to replicate this phenomenon in monkeys. Max Bazerman and others suggested that it plays a role in the sunk-cost effect, while Jack Brehm studied it with appliances. Elliot Aronson argued that it only occurs in contexts relevant to the self, and a famous experiment featuring a boring task involving turning knobs demonstrated the inadequate-justification version. Inspired by the actions of a doomsday cult described in When Prophecy Fails, this is, FTP, what psychological phenomenon proposed by Leon Festinger describing how humans try to reduce conflict between contradictory beliefs and actions",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-538520c96d9e4308bf4ba660354a4638",
            "input": "This state is home to Admiralty, Banarof, and Chichagof, the so-called ABC Islands of its Alexander Archipelago. Its coastline contains the Kotzebue Sound, and to this states west is the Chukchi Sea. Towns on its panhandle include Sitka and Skagway, and the massive Tongass National Forest is in this state. Large cities in this state include Nome and Barrow, and its tallest mountain sits in Denali National Park. For 10 points, name this U.S. state that is home to Mount McKinley, the largest state by area with capital Juneau.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5d98b5ef2274a61b21eda7c062c670f",
            "input": "This man received the Order of Lenin for supervising the completion of the Moscow subway system. This man oversaw the assimilation of Eastern Poland following the Soviet invasion in 1940. This leader served as a political adviser during the siege of Stalingrad. This man initiated his namesake \"\"Thaw\"\" after delivering the Secret Speech in 1956, which denounced Stalin's excesses. This leader allegedly banged a shoe on his desk at a 1960 United Nations meeting. For 10 points, name this premier of the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a84f41f36afd41fb95728d2a7ea56366",
            "input": "The allegretto vivace scherzo of one of this man's symphonies opens with a fugato in which first violins, then second violins, violas, and celli in turn enter with the leggiero theme. He used a nearly opposite order of entry in the fugato development of the adagio second movement of another symphony. This composer's aria \"De mon amie\" was based on that movement, and the symphony borrows heavily from Charles Gounod's Symphony in D. French horns imitate church bells in the \"Carillon\" movement of one suite by this composer of the Roma Symphony. The prelude to that suite and farandole from a later suite both quote the \"March of the Kings,\" and both came from incidental music for an Alphonse Daudet play. For 10 points, name this French composer who wrote a Symphony in C at seventeen, as well as L'Arlesienne and the operas The Pearl Fishers and Carmen.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f3c835c4aad48c4a2a3caf90ddecdd5",
            "input": "This president arbitrated with Britain over Bering Sea seal hunting. During his presidency two American sailors were killed in a Valparaiso brawl, sparking the Baltimore crisis. His vice president failed to support a measure to protect black voting rights, the Force Bill of Henry Cabot Lodge. This man presided over the businessmans cabinet, named for its inclusion of Redfield Proctor and John Wanamaker. This president promoted the Dependent and Disability Pension Act. Late in his term, the Senate defeated his attempt to annex Hawaii after its takeover by Sanford Dole. This running-mate of Levi P. Morton presided over the Billion Dollar Congress and passed the McKinley Tariff. For 10 points, name this twenty-third president, sandwiched between Clevelands two terms.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec5a15297d8d4fabb559fd66957022f9",
            "input": "This novel's title character realizes his unpopularity when no one attends his country dance, forsaking it for the dance held by his rival. Later on, he is further humiliated when his former mistress and he are set up as effigies on a donkey in a mummers' parade. That mistress, Lucetta Le Sueur, briefly marries the title character's rival and employs Elizabeth-Jane, the girl he had presumed to be his daughter. As it turns out, Elizabeth-Jane also marries that rival, Farfrae, and is not the daughter the title character had sold, along with his wife, for five guineas one drunken night. For 10 points - name this novel about the downfall of Michael Henchard, written by Thomas Hardy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2528ce3808874b9d8fba7636f4fdeeb3",
            "input": "The first of these objects was discovered in 1920, but was not classified until the 1970s. That object was Hidalgo. Recently, the first binary pair of these objects was discovered. It consists of Echidna and Typhon. Charles Kowal discovered the first of these objects, which was later reclassified after the discovery of ice-jets emanating from it. The unstable orbits of these bodies are caused by the perturbation of a nearby planet. These bodies are believed to originate in the Kuiper Belt and examples of them include Echeclus, Chariklo, and Chiron. They exhibit behavior that is in some ways a hybrid of asteroids and comets, hence their name. For 10 points, name these icy planetoids that orbit between Jupiter and Neptune, named after Greek mythological half-men half-horses.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5578afc5b4f43dba9bd87055124e8ee",
            "input": "In an inscription attributed to Niarchus which is found on the tomb of Telephanes, this man is included in a list of master artists along with Homer and Orpheus. In Book XII of the Metamorphoses, he relates the story of Caeneus to Achilles, while in another work he is often referred to as the \"Gerenian horseman. \" His son Thrasymedes once donated his sword and shield to Diomedes, while this man was saved from death at the hands of Memnon by another of his sons, Antilochus. In the Odyssey, Telemachus travels to this man's land of Pylos for advice. FTP, name this king who made several long-winded attempts to reconcile Achilles and Agamemnon in the Iliad.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6ebc5aa34e1428bbea2ffad663ffe13",
            "input": "At the beginning of this country's fight for independence, Carlos Manuel de Cespedes freed his slaves, and they fought together in the Ten Years' War. Its Revolt of the Sergeants was reversed by the 26th of July Movement, which ended the rule of Fulgencio Batista. Che Guevara helped move this Caribbean country to (*) Communism in 1959. For 10 points, name this nation that has been led by Raul and Fidel Castro.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f5a5f7db36047eda532258f4cc1a7f9",
            "input": "As a child, this character reads his uncle the column That Body of Yours every Sunday. He sleeps with a cutlass and buys a puppy named Tarzan to protect himself while waiting for Mr. Maclean to finish building a shelter in the Green Vale, which is ultimately burnt down by sugarcane farmers. His father drowns after diving into a pool in a misguided attempt to save this character, who is actually hiding under a bed to avoid punishment for losing a calf. After his son Anand abandons him, he begins to work as a reporter for The Sentinel in Port of Spain. This character works as a sign painter, which brings him to Hanuman House, where he marries Shama by the Tulsi family. For 10 points, name this six-fingered character who struggles to get a house in a novel by V. S. Naipaul.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad5817459da045a78263d932b8d0087e",
            "input": "The name of one character created by this author was used as a pseudonym by Charles P. Jacobs in a letter accusing Thomas Hardy of plagiarism. That character is introduced as a half-drowned body being carried into the Black Lion Inn. In addition to Timothy Crabshaw, this author wrote of a figure who tries to seduce Monimia by throwing Count Melvil under the bus, and about Tom Bowlings service on the HMS Thunder. This author of Launcelot Greaves and Ferdinand, Count Fathom wrote a novel in which Thomas Pipes is sent by Commodore Trunion to help a man who eventually marries Emilia Gauntlet, and another Lydia Melford and Letitia Lewis carry on a similar friendship through letters as Dr. Richard Lewis does with Matthew Bramble. For 10 points, name this author of Peregrine Pickle, Roderick Random, and Humphrey Clinker.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba0a568add5f4132a1249513d89f90d8",
            "input": "This thinker is famous for his writings on the concept of the \"naturalistic fallacy\" within the context of ethical systems. Editor of the periodical Mind, he began teaching in 1911 as a follower of Kant's transcendental epistemology, and went on to expound on the need to carefully clarify and examine the meaning of propositions while championing common sense. The author of Refutation of Idealism and major influence on the Bloomsbury Group, FTP, who was this major British philosopher, the author of Principia Ethica",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5863badcdb34cbfa928e4f75933ce49",
            "input": "This pathway is inhibited by a deficiency that causes a precursor molecule to be lacking, known as Tauri's Disease, which is a deficiency of the Phosphofructokinase enzyme. A reverse of this reaction is used by bacteria to synthesize carbon compounds from CO2 and water. Its third step sees cis Aconitate attacked by Aconitase and hydrated to release water. Its ninth step sees an addition reaction between Fumarate and the Fumarase enzyme. During its first turn, it produces one GTP, three NADH, one FADH2, and two CO2. FTP, name this pathway, occurring directly before the electron transport chain in cellular respiration, also known as the Citric Acid Cycle.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a9cdd49521f4aa0b6efe3de4726f60c",
            "input": "A persistent rumor contemporary with this paintings first exhibition in 1782 had it that the artist ate raw pork for inspiration. On the stand at the lower left are glass and clay jars which some critics suggest could contain laudanum, while the central figures are framed by a burgundy drape in the background which matches the sheet on which the prone female lies. The animal in the upper left has pale eyes with no iris or pupils visible, while the figure atop the woman looks at the viewer pensively with his left hand cradling his chin. Loaded with sexual overtones and featuring a horse looking on while an incubus sits on a sleeping womans chest, for 10 points, name this work by Henry Fuseli depicting a bad dream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8d56eacc02b54e6bba2c5280fccacb84",
            "input": "Baldwin of Exeter raised 3,000 volunteers for this conflict, and its Battle of Arsuf led to the occupation of Jaffa. Guy of Lusignan quickly remarried to maintain power after his wife died during it, and he helped capture Acre. Philip II of France withdrew from this war rather than work with Richard(*) the Lionheart. Earlier in the war, Frederick Barbarossa had drowned while attempting to cross a river in Turkey. For 10 points, identify this war where European forces tried to recapture Jerusalem from Saladin.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8c1ffae50c3416b94bbba037e022f66",
            "input": "This man's feet are smaller than they should be in a foreshortened depiction of him by Andrea Mantegna. In another painting, a semi-circular slab above a window behind him appears to give him a halo as he sits next to a blue-sleeved man with index finger pointed upwards. This figure's death is shown in 4 dimensions in Dali's Corpus Hypercubus, and in a Rubens painting, incredibly (*) muscular men attempt to lift this man while he is attached to another object. For ten points, identify this long-haired man who appears often in artwork like the Pieta, where his body is held by his mother, the Virgin Mary.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ac9f5f73c8646f89138f2edf9f95ac8",
            "input": "This man refuted Eikon Basilike and tried to justify the execution of Charles I in Eikonoklastes, and he wrote a closet drama about a man who used an ass's jawbone to kill some Philistines. In addition to Samson Agonistes, this man excluded Catholics from his anti-censorship work Areopagitica and wrote a sonnet \"on his blindness\" entitled \"When I Consider How My Light is Spent.\" One work by this man sees Lucifer cast down from Heaven to Pandemonium. He eulogized Edward King in \"Lycidas\" and wrote an epic poem about \"man's first disobedience, and the fruit.\" For 10 points, name this English poet of Paradise Lost.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0756f9499636427ba257e6d3f6dbc596",
            "input": "While this man was briefly the acting Secretary of War, his opposition of the Second Bank of the United States got him in trouble with the Senate and he was not confirmed for Treasury Secretary. He was also unsuccessfully appointed to replace Gabriel Duvall, but when he eventually attained his most famous position he wrote a majority opinion upholding federal law against Wisconsin law in Ableman v. Booth. He was potentially issued an arrest warrant as a result of a ruling while he was serving as a District Judge that found that a man had been unlawfully held in Fort McHenry because Congress had not issued that Habeas Corpus could be revoked in Ex Parte Merryman. In another case, he ruled that a state should not be prevented from granting a new contract to the proprietors of the Warren Bridge in the Charles River Bridge Case. Most famous for declaring that people of African descent were not US citizens, FTP, identify this Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who infamously gave the majority opinion in Dred Scott.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-55fa247f05d546518c6b6458b714921c",
            "input": "In Thailand, silk brocade is tied to a certain type of these objects to appease the Nang Takien spirit that lives in them. Shintos often decorate parts of the sakaki type of this thing with washi or silk to create tamagushi offerings to kami. Priests of the Oracle of Dodona divined Zeus' will by listening to a sacred one of these things. The Israeli Tu B'Shvat seder involves eating the their products and is also called the New (*) Year of these objects. The Vajrashila in front of a peepal one of these things marks where Buddha sat for a week before he reached enlightenment, and Eve was convinced by a snake to eat the fruit of one of these things. For 10 points, name these large plants, exemplified by the Bodhi, as well as those \"of Life\" and \"of Knowledge\".",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a88156e2dc643e5a685a174007d6866",
            "input": "This thinker was succeeded by Theophrastus (THEE-oh-FRASS-tuss) as leader of his school. Commentaries on his work form the bulk of the philosophy of Averroes (AH-vuh-ROE-ess). He named his major work on ethics after his son, and he put forth the \"impetus\" theory of motion in his Physics. This leader of the Peripatetic school was a (*) tutor of Alexander the Great, and himself was a student of Plato. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek, whose Politics and Nichomachean Ethics are foundational texts of philosophy.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe2864616b584614b31f3e23c591c6db",
            "input": "He's not Italian, but in one of this artist's paintings, one of the title figures has red cheeks and holds her knife upright, about to behead Holofernes, who is not seen on the canvas. Pablo Picasso based his Massacre in Korea on a work by this man, who painted two men stuck in a layer of mud about to hit each other in his Fight with Cudgels. That work appears in the same series as one showing Saturn chewing on his son's hand. This artist of the Black Paintings depicted a figure throwing his hands up in the air as a firing squad points guns at him in his most famous work. For 10 points, name this Spanish court painter to Charles IV, who painted The Third of May, 1808.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-146b916557fa4a21845789a515080aa1",
            "input": "Plectosteles, present in some club mosses, have interconnected plates of this tissue, and whether a plant is ectophloic or amphiphloic is determined by whether this tissue is surrounded on both sides or on one. Its two principal forms may be differentiated by the size of one of their component cells, called tracheids, and another highly lignified type, vessel elements, are produced by the fusiform initials of angiosperms. While only the proto- and meta- forms exist in monocots, in dicots and gymnosperms, another form grows inward from the vascular cambium, called the \"secondary\" this. For 10 points, identify this plant tissue responsible for water and mineral transport, complemented by the phloem.\r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c44be451bb684e9f83481f49115a3a61",
            "input": "This country organized a response to a plane hijacking called Operation Thunderbolt that successfully released hostages in the Entebbe Raid. Another reaction by this country came in the Operation Wrath of God, which was a response to Black September's actions at the Munich Olympics. This country launched a highly successful attack in the Six-Day War and was itself attacked in the Yom Kippur War. For 20 points, name this country in the Middle East that was created in 1948.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-282a71dd1a044058b2ca580d0467115b",
            "input": "This figures children include Golgos and Beroe. Daedalus presented a honeycomb to he at shrine at Eryx, and she slept with Butes at Lilybaeum. Born to Dione at Paphos, she castrated Attis and caused the daughter of Phoenix, Smyrna, to procreate with her father, resulting in a child born from a myrrh tree. She also gave birth to Rhodus and Herophilus for Poseidon and produced an androgynous being for Hermes. When her husband was supposed to be on holiday on Lemnos, she got trapped in a net with Ares. For ten points, name this Greek deity born from the foam of the sea, the goddess of desire and love.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e8aaefd5dc94f469a3107fa50e63e0c",
            "input": "He negotiated the Burlingame Treaty with Anson Burlingame, ensuring most favored nation status between the U.S. and China. By allying himself with Thurlow Weed he was able to gain the support of the newly formed Whig party and soon gained the governorship of New York from 1839 to 1843. While recovering from a carriage accident, he was stabbed in the neck by Lewis Powell the same night his boss was killed. FTP, identify this man, Lincoln's Secretary of State, best known for his purchase of Alaska.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-900b29eed307427daae33eaa6a496f1f",
            "input": "This empire used a system of local government in which an obirempon or \"Big Man\" served as a regional ruler, and it employed a communication system called \"talking drums\". This kingdom rose to prominence with its victory over Ntim Gyakari at the Battle of Feyiase, which cemented their dominance over the Denkyira people. This empire's last resistance was led by Queen Yaa in 1900, and their capital had earlier been burned by the British general Garnet Wolseley. This empire's cofounders were Osei Kofi Tutu, who wielded political power, and his chief priest Okomfo Anokye, who made the Golden Stool descend from the heavens. With its capital at Kumasi, for 10 points, name this African empire centered in present-day Ghana.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f32fbf10cdef41f3998c209558a61a0a",
            "input": "NGC 206 is the brightest area in this object, whose largest globular cluster is known as Mayal II or Globular One. Ernst Hartwig observed the only supernova originating from here in 1885, and it appears to have a double nucleus and at least 14 satellites, including M110 and M32. Originally called the \"little cloud\" by al Sufi, it is found in its namesake constellation, which is itself near the Pegasus constellation. Edwin Hubble used Cepheid variables to show definitively that it was not part of the Milky Way. For 10 points, name this astronomical object, number 31 in Messier's catalogue, the nearest large spiral galaxy to the Milky Way.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13b42ab07c084e1093866a228da5eee8",
            "input": "An artifact found at land, Sweden was used to invoke this figure for protection and is known as the Kvinneby amulet. In one story, he breaks a pillar by throwing a goblet and disguises himself as a youth to get on a rowboat to catch some bait, but Hymir cuts his fishing line before he is able to unleash Sky-Bellower on his target. In another, Utgarda-Loki tricks him into wrestling with Elli, the personification of old age, before turning a certain monster into a cat and convincing this character to try to lift him. Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjostr are a pair of goats who draw this gods chariot, and he lives in the palace Bilskirnir. He is fated to take nine steps before dying from his adversarys poison after killing Jormungandr, the Midgard Serpent, at Ragnarok. FTP, name this Norse god, the owner of Megingjord, a belt which grants him strength, and Mjolnir, a war-hammer that causes lightning.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b8a5e66d75d74a55a0856b36975cb88e",
            "input": "From 1933 to 1947, this man simultaneously served as a professor of economics at the Stockholm School of Economics and a Social Democratic member of the Swedish parliament. Later, he was the executive secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Europe, after which he wrote An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations. This mans seminal work had originally been intended to be a study on class, and he later wished to do a similar study on gender but could not find funding. Despite arguing for the abolition of the Nobel Prize in Economics because it had been also given to economic liberals, this man won it in 1974 for evaluating the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomena. FTP; name this social scientist famous for his study, An American Dilemma.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f87a519d42094d1280e925ddc67c2101",
            "input": "When these structures are wounded, they are patched up by peroxisome-dense double membranous microbodies named for Woronin. The growth of these structures are controlled by organelles called spitzenkorpers. These structures are made up of individual cells that are divided by septa. Yeasts are unicellular, and thus do not have these structures. For 10 points, name these branching filaments that collectively form the mycelium in fungi.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-527b859646ac42ffb91b6235187693bc",
            "input": "This philosopher claimed that mathematics instills \"a habit of reasoning closely and in train\" in a work which also argues that those who know a smattering of everything are far from attaining truth. This author of On the Conduct of the Understanding also argued that having a variety of religious groups helps prevent civil unrest but condemned Roman Catholics and atheists in A (*) Letter Concerning Toleration. This thinker postulated that the role of government was to protect its people's natural rights of life, liberty, and property and claimed that the mind was a \"tabula rasa\" in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. For ten points, name this English Enlightenment philosopher who discussed the social contract in his Two Treatises of Government.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9708956c446246a1b8e2a80613b19fa6",
            "input": "One character in this work believes that religion is \"bad sex,\" while another responds to any question with common advertising slogans in an attempt to avoid confronting his pathological religious obsession. The protagonist gets up the nerve to ask out a girl under the influence of a placebo \"truth pill. \" Dr. Martin Dysart theorizes that the protagonist's obsession originated began with the replacement of a picture of the Crucifixion with one of the titular animal, and the protagonist blinds six of those animals after he fails to get an erection with Jill Taylor. FTP, name this 1973 play written by Peter Shaffer, in which Alan Strang is obsessed with horses.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d5a849e78254342baba11484c22fbc9",
            "input": "One part of this work relates how the killing of a giant ox for a wedding feast leads to the revelation of how beer is brewed, while another section of this work is told by the bride-adviser. One character in this work finds himself stuck in a swamp after losing a singing contest while another character, whose kenning is \"Blue-Stockings,\" kills himself after discovering that he accidentally slept with his sister, At the end of this work, a character born from an eggshell leaves the world in a copper boat while another character in this work is resurrected by his mother after being killed by the herder Soppy Hat. This work's later parts concern the struggle against Louhi, the woman of Pohjola for possession of the Sampo, forged by one of the main characters. For ten points, identify this epic poem collected by Elias Lonnrott which tells of the adventures of Vainamoinen, Lemminkhainen, and Ilmarinen, the national epic of Finland.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03d2f0adaf9c4decb5cbcbff18f4aea4",
            "input": "Vocal works by this man include Gigantic Waves and Your Little Black Eyes, and he left his opera Will-o-the-Wisp unperformed upon his death. Artur Rubinstein commissioned a Fantasia by this man, who wrote incidental music to the dramas The Passion and Daybreak. One of his better-known works contains a famous ritornello in the section Jota, Stage works include the puppet opera The Tale of Master Pedro and his first opera, The Brief Life, but better-known are a set of symphonic impressions, known as Nights in the Garden of his home nation, and a gypsy revel, El Amor Brujo. FTP name this Spanish composer, best-known for the ballet The Three-Cornered Hat.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d682c345c9a546c7ad09b356f3383ad8",
            "input": "This man's only piano sonata has two movements entitled \"Presentiment\" and \"Death\" and was originally entitled From the Street. Chocholka, the hen, Mrs. Paskova, and the namesake Bystrouska are all featured in The Cunning Little Vixen, the final scene of which was performed at his funeral. His nationalistic Sinfonietta is subtitled Sokol festival, and the flirtatious relationship between Baron Adolf and Poluska is depicted in the opera The Beginning of a Romance. Emilia searches for an alchemical formula in his The (*) Makropoulos Affair, while Dostoevsky inspired his From the House of the Dead. His best-known opera centers on the mutilated title character, whose baby is murdered by her stepmother to allow her to marry Laca. FTP, identify this composer of Jenufa, who joins Smetana and Dvorak among famous Czech composers.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0141790016d4beeb09cacea1c5518e6",
            "input": "The close distribution of its solutions is known as Lehmer's Phenomenon. It constrains the function f of z in the plane of an open disk with radius less than 1/4 according to the Voronin Universality Theorem. The eigenvalues of a suitable Hermitian operator are given by its nonimaginary solutions at one half plus i times E sub-n according to the Berry Conjecture. For the right half plane, it is given by the Dirichlet eta function, and it may be extended by the reflection functional equation to the entire complex plane, though it contains a singularity for the case s equals 1. FTP, name this special function defined as the natural analytic extension of the sum over every positive integer n of 1 over n to the s, whose non-trivial zeros may have real part equal to one half.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf38d6cf80074eafa12629b7c6eee993",
            "input": "After lying to another deity with a flower, he was cursed to no longer be worshipped on earth. This god's city is found within the heavens situated atop Mount Meru. After assuming the form of a swan, this figure was attacked after lying about reaching one end of the lingam. This led to him losing one of his five heads, with which he saw in every direction. Using his own substance, he created his consort, Sarasvati. In his four (*) arms, he carries a water jug, a scepter, a bow or spoon, and the Vedas. For 10 points, name this creator god of the Hindu trimurti.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8f793f55ddc4720bdc587b400301cc5",
            "input": "This composer's operatic collaborations with Abbate Giulio Convo include Irene, Il Giustino, and his first opera, Ottavia Restored to the Throne. He wrote two notable masses labeled \"Quator Vocum\" and \"La Stella\", or \"The Star\". His most notable works include a set of thirty didactic keyboard pieces entitled Essercizi. Although his works were catalogued by Giorgio Pestelli and Alessandro Longo, the authoritative version of his works was compiled by Ralph Kirkpatrick, giving them the K. numbers. FTP, name this Italian keyboardist and composer of a set of five hundred fifty-five keyboard sonatas, the son of opera composer Alessandro.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4c7a82ff7784f9b8ba5669e456ec4ab",
            "input": "It is equal to the enthalpy change minus the temperature times the entropy change. Under standard conditions, it is also equal to negative R T times the natural log of K, where R is the gas law constant, T is the absolute temperature, and K is the equilibrium constant for the reaction; thus a high negative value indicates a forward-going reaction. FTP, identify this quantity, named for a Yale chemist, which is a measure of the spontaneity of a reaction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-116741a081154e3cb55e15fd203e37d4",
            "input": "Austin Bourkes The Visitation of God is a history of this event, which was slightly mitigated by John Heslows extraction methods. It was worsened by the bungled roads to nowhere make-work program put forth by Charles Trevelyan, who was charged with handling this matter by Prime Minister Russell. Known locally as An Gorta Mor, it spurred the use of coffin ships for the emigration of 1.5 million people to North America and led to the repeal of the Corn Laws. Caused by phytophthora infestans, which triggers late blight, it caused over a million deaths. For 10 points, name this 1845 to 1849 crop failure in Ireland.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a683c67c0fd411abdf3fb4a567738e8",
            "input": "One author from this country wrote the poetry collection The Never-Ending Lightning and a work that features the wily Vizcacha. That work's title character reappears in a story by another author from this country, \"The End,\" which also features the brother of a slain black payador [pie-a-DORE]. A third author from this country wrote a novel featuring the characters Gregorovius and Rocamadour, as well as the collection Secret Weapons, which includes the story \"The Droolings of the Devil. \" In addition to the works Rayuela and Martn Fierro, this country's writers have produced the novel Betrayed by Rita Hayworth and the story collection The Garden of Forking Paths. For 10 points, name this home of Jorge Luis Borges and Manuel Puig, who wrote The Buenos Aires Affair.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1698e206fab4cf0bad45b14ad841eeb",
            "input": "He founded a group of amateur actors known as the Serpent Players and developed the concept of \"pure theater\" after coming across the ideas of drama theorist Jerzy Grotowski. He produced his first play, No-Good Friday, in 1958 and collaborated with John Kani and Winston Ntshona on such dramas as The Island and Sizwe Bansi is Dead. His work Tsotsi depicted Sophiatown ghetto existence, while Playland is set on the eve of Nelson Mandela's release from prison. FTP, identify this South African playwright perhaps best known for \"MASTER HAROLD\"...and the Boys and The Blood Knot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bac5ce1fd4ff4ca58e1bc2a59824cfc4",
            "input": "Due to their icy composition, some of these objects such as 60588 Echeclus can be classified as both asteroids and comets due to their exhibition of coma. Although they possess a wide variety of colors making the classification of surface composition difficult, they are usually classified into two major color groups: very red and blue-grey. None have ever been imaged by spacecraft, but there is evidence that Saturns moon Phoebe may be a captured object of this type. Orbiting between Jupiter and Neptune, FTP, what icy planetoids, the best known of which is Chiron, and are named after half-men, half-horses from Greek mythology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-64aac284209041418d859c1b669ded62",
            "input": "He began a novel, Die Davidsbundler, in 1831 while studying piano under his future father-in-law. He later used the names of two of its characters, Florestan and Eusebius, to describe his own split personality. That mental illness led him to throw himself into the Rhine in 1854, and he died two years later in a sanatorium near Bonn, where the only visitor he welcomed was Brahms. FTP, name this German composer of the Rhenish and Spring Symphonies, who was married to Clara.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a402710abb7145b99fc4ccc89ccd80c1",
            "input": "This deity rescued Aurvandil, or Earendil, from the frozen waste and made a star out of his toe; by reporting this, he disrupted the concentration of Aurvandil's wife, the witch Groa, in the middle of her incantations. This deity has a whetstone lodged in his head from his duel against the Mist Calf and the giant Hrungnir. This god kept the dwarf (*) Alvis awake until the sun turned him to stone. He took Thialfi as his servant after Thialfi ate one of the marrows of the goats that drive his chariot. This husband of Sif will kill and be killed by the World Serpent at Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this wielder of Mjollnir, the Norse god of thunder.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29ec90967639490eae807bc40521ccd8",
            "input": "They are divided into two classes based on the ratio of the penetration depth to the coherence length, a quantity known as the Ginsburg-Landau parameter. Alexei Abrikosov discovered his namesake vortex lattice in one type, and the London equation describes a characteristic behavior of these materials similar to perfect diamagnetism. A complete theory of the type I variety of these substances, including the concept of the pairing of opposite-spin electrons over long distances, is known as the BCS theory. Discovered by Heike Kammerlingh-Onnes, FTP, identify these substances which exhibit zero electrical resistivity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0eb85a5d90e14dd8ae065cb51d43ae52",
            "input": "One of this man's protagonists holds canasta parties with a lesbian who later reveals a secret that prompts a character to attempt suicide by drinking methanol. One of this author's characters is given a copy of League of the Divine Wind by a youth who later assassinates the capitalist Kurahara. One of this author's protagonists sees a trio of moles on the bodies of the Thai princess Ying Chan, the orphan Toru, and the ultranationalist Isao, all of whom are thought to be (*) reincarnations of Kiyoaki. He created Shigekuni Honda, who appears in such novels as Runaway Horses and Spring Snow. This founder of the Tatenokai committed seppuku after a failed 1970 coup. For 10 points, name this author of the Sea of Fertility tetralogy, a Japanese novelist who also penned The Temple of the Golden Pavilion.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-473b1ddc198d4162959e319b7342e0b9",
            "input": "This empire's first ruler defeated the Kaniaga dynasty at the Battle of Kirina and established this empire. That man was named Sundiata Keita, and all of the resulting rulers of this empire were descended from him. One of this empire's greatest cities was Timbuktu, a great center of trade where many libraries and Islamic universities were built. This empire's most famous ruler brought with him sixty thousand people and two hundred camels laden with gold on his hajj. For 10 points, name this empire, whose ruler Mansa Musa depreciated the value of gold in Cairo during his pilgrimage to Mecca.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9752414a2d9c4e91b6f3b0b08d9699c0",
            "input": "This figure once fended off an attack by the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus, after which she was insulted by Eurypylus and Iphicles. This woman once made love in a temple of Cybele, which led to her and her husband being turned into lions. One of this figure's sons, a friend of Telephus, was one of the Seven against Thebes; that son was Parthenopaeus. When Althea's sisters attempted to take from her a fur she won for drawing first blood at a hunt, their nephew Meleager killed them. Later, this woman  was distracted when Hippomenes threw three golden apples, causing her to lose a footrace. For 10 points, identify this only female Argonaut and hunter of the Calydonian Boar.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0bc27e802e0f4a5197291c8a4508f424",
            "input": "This composer's Partita No. 2 for solo violin includes a lengthy chaconne, and he wrote fifteen two-part inventions for keyboards. He wrote a series of notes representing his name in Contrapunctus XIV of one work, and used(*) strings to create a \"halo\" effect around Jesus's words in his St. Matthew Passion. This composer dedicated six concertos to the margrave Christian Ludwig, and he wrote two books of preludes and fugues in every key. For 10 points, name this German Baroque composer who wrote the The Art of the Fugue, Brandenburg Concertos, and The Well-Tempered Clavier.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2089d2a624c3408fa510e93ecda29454",
            "input": "Common uses of this mechanism include converting heat from kerosene into power for radios in remote areas and detecting small amounts of heat exchange in enzymes. At high temperatures platinum and rhodium are used, but at moderate temperatures, iron may be used. It states that if two wires of different materials are joined at their ends and one end is maintained at a higher temperature than the other, a voltage difference will arise, and an electric current will exist between the hot and the cold junctions. FTP, name this physical effect, an analogue of the Peltier effect.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-050f7e8e00c744148ae1268289819b83",
            "input": "Green, red, yellow, white, and blue make-up the symbolic star of this faith; these colors represent the five ministers that govern it. Members in Syria are known as Jabal and believe in the divine unity of humanity and reincarnation. A namesake revolt in 1925 resulted in the exile of its leaders to Palmyra, although this was ended two years later. Knowledge of the Kitab-al-hikma is restricted to those who have made the passage from juhhal to uqqal, from \"ignorant\" or \"knower. \" It is likely that the object of their worship is the former Fatimid caliph al-Hakim. FTP, name this highly secretive sect of Islam which derives its name from that of a forerunner of the community, Muhammad al-Durazi.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54b242c6448b4425b7e5ddb7a360d46a",
            "input": "Against the satisfaction theory of St. Anselm's Cur Deus Homo, this man claimed that the role of the Christ's death was to exemplify perfect love. In his commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, this man claimed that the only punishment faced by unbaptized infants is separation from God, prefiguring the idea of limbo. His contention that reason has a role to play in interpreting faith angered \"anti-dialecticians\" such as Bernard of Clairvaux, who had nineteen of this philosopher's propositions condemned at the Council of Siens. This founder of the Oratory of the Paraclete assembled citations from opposing patristic authorities on 158 questions in one book. This man's Historia Calamitatum documented an affair that caused Fulbert to have him castrated. For 10 points, name this Scholastic philosopher who wrote Sic et Non and had an affair with Heloise d'Argenteuil",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39138f57443a4ca58ce457353c208f18",
            "input": "The rise of nationalism in this country can be seen in operas like The Dog Heads and The Devil and Kate. The string quartet Intimate Letters was written for a quartet named for this country, which included the composer Josef Suk. The Israeli national anthem shares its melody with a symphonic poem about a river that runs through the capital of this country. A well-known opera set in this country features Kostelnicka drowning the titular girl's baby in a river, while the \"dance of the comedians\" appears in an opera from this country about Jenik's desire to marry the otherwise engaged Marenka, The Bartered Bride. FTP name this Central European nation, the home of Leon Janacek and Bedrich Smetana.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04818dd6030642b087390f3064bc3d1e",
            "input": "Aristotle claimed that this man led Leucippus to develop atomic theory by providing an ontological argument against the possibility of a void. This person divided reality into a gentle flame and what he described as \"ignorant night. \" In one work, this person concluded that because nothing came from nothing, nothing could be destroyed. This thinker's only surviving work is divided into two sections; one of those sections is The Way of Opinions, which describes the outside world as deceitful. The other section of this philosopher's work, The Way of Truth, describes how change is impossible and existence is timeless and uniform. For ten points, name this founder of the Eleatic School.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b73d2380aed440a39c21d0213d9ce90b",
            "input": "A defective enzyme in this structure is the cause of I-cell disease. Transport from this structure is regulated by GGA1, which binds to ADP ribosylation factor 1, while transport to this structure is inhibited by brefeldin A. In sperm, this structure develops into another structure which uses hyaluronidase and acrosin to facilitate sperm-egg binding. This precursor to the acrosome is the site where addition of (*) N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues and other forms of O-linked glycosylation takes place. This organelle receives COP2 coated vesicles at its cis face, and it consists of a series of stacks termed cisternae. For 10 points, name this organelle which packages and distributes proteins incoming from the endoplasmic reticulum and is named for its Italian discoverer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-690c0ff0fb4943ecba8a50688eb4a2e1",
            "input": "They are often heard today in an arrangement for modern orchestra by Bernardino Molinari. They appear as the first works in the composer's Opus 8, collectively known as The Trial of Harmony and Invention, and the composer wrote sonnets for each of them which explain the program of the music. FTP, identify this group of four concerti grossi, which depict birds singing, a hunting scene, and a walk on ice, the most famous works of Antonio Vivaldi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-259c813f2f234627800aaca96ef8e28f",
            "input": "In analyzing 31 flybys of this body in 1996, scientist found gravitational anomalies in one, providing evidence for its lumpy interior, while NIMS detected such ocean salts as magnesium sulfate here in 2000, supporting the theory of an ocean deep below its surface. The Hubble Space Telescope detected a thin ozone around this body, and one feature of its surface is the Memphis Facula, which is located within a large dark region known as the Galileo Regio. This body is the only moon in the solar system with a magnetosphere. For 10 points, name this Galilean moon of Jupiter, the largest in our solar system.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d46fdb28a44043aca63862c411b41468",
            "input": "This thinker is the namesake of a paradox that is a logical formation of the problem of evil. His few extant works include a letter explaining his physical theory and addressed to Herodotus. Like Democritus, he was an atomist, though his version included the possibility of swerves in atomic motion to allow for free will. His major ethical teachings included that the soul is not immortal and that the person should strive to attain ataraxia. For 10 points, name this Greek philosopher who taught that the only goal in life should be to maximize ones pleasure.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd27f87a60304ef38cdee6711d72c082",
            "input": "This composer dedicated to King Edward VII \"the passionate pilgrimage of [his] soul\", his E-flat major 2nd Symphony. This composer included \"But hark! upon my sense comes a fierce hubbub\" and \"I go before my judge\" in a choral setting of a Cardinal Newman poem. This composer of The Dream of Gerontius included the movements (*) \"Ysobel\" and \"Nimrod\" in a work dedicated to his \"friends pictured within,\" and his tune for \"The Land of Hope and Glory\" is often played at graduations. For ten points, name this English composer of The Enigma Variations and Pomp and Circumstance.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b3f0b03d69a40f58f8256a3e8e8a5a5",
            "input": "wrote of a bride who begs \"O Love, love, hold me fast\" in a dialogue with a Ghost and a Bridegroom called \"The Hour and the Ghost. \" One of her characters \"watched for a waxing shoot\" after planting a \"kernel-stone\" by \"the wall that faced the south. \" She appended an epigraph from Dante and Petrarch to each of the sonnets that make up her fourteen part \"sonnet of sonnets\" called Monna Innominata. She asked \"Who has seen the wind\" in one of the nursery rhymes collected in (*) Sing-Song. A central character of another of her poems gives up a lock of her golden hair after hearing cries of \"Come buy, come buy. \" For 10 points, name this poet who wrote of Lizzie and Laura's encounter with lecherous fruit merchants in Goblin Market, the sister of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood member Dante.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ccac05e4647f40619230c864c2657e2d",
            "input": "Sheila Coulson sparked controversy by claiming a rock sculpture of a python, discovered in this country's Tsodilo Hills in 2006, was 70,000 years old and thus the oldest extant site of human rituals. This country's economy was bolstered by a 2000 expansion of its Orapa Mine, while its first economic boom followed a gold rush in its second most populous city, Francistown. This country's government is engaged in an ongoing controversy over land and water rights with its San (*) Bushmen, and many tourists to this country see the wildlife that congregates in an endorheic basin formed where the Okavango River simply stops flowing in the middle of the Kalahari Desert. For 10 points, name this southern African country whose capital is Gaborone.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7158c125fe44528a8d5f6a7343c8745",
            "input": "This area was labeled \"unincorporated\" in the 1922 Balzac case, relying on a distinction about this place first put forth in Downes v. Bidwell. This place was industrialized by Operation Bootstrap with the guidance of \"brian trust\" member Rexford Tugwell. This place's residents were made citizens by the Jones Act, and an early government here was created by the (*) Foraker Act. After the Jayuya uprising, radicals from this place went to Blair House to try and assassinate Harry Truman, and the FBI began suppressing its independence movement. For 10 points, name this island captured by Nelson Miles, a United States Commonwealth in the Caribbean.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d546a57e863480b9d38c35df74207a8",
            "input": "The Damaocloids are believed to originate from this region, and Bierman suggested that molecular clouds' disruption of it was critical to its formation. 2008 KV42 is believed to originate from here, and it was hypothesized to exist due to bodies perturbed by planets becoming decoupled from planetary regions by perturbations from stars. Its discoverer also names a pair of constants that relate the sun's distance and motion from the galactic center, and its inner region is named for Hills. Long-period comets originate from this region, which has been hypothesized to be perturbed by Gliese 710, or Nemesis. For 10 points, name this sperical region of comets, rocks, and dust about one light-year from the sun.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-427a30daf8964be0961cc9f27d73e0f6",
            "input": "This painter of a self-portrait in camouflage created a mural that was destroyed for showing 22 mug-shots of criminals. This creator of Thirteen Most Wanted Men depicted an empty electric chair hazed with red in his Death and Disaster series. He illustrated the numbness caused by overexposure in a work that uses four images of the title figure before and after her husband's assassination. In another series, he depicted the title figure in garish colors and red lipstick. For 10 points, name this Pop artist who created silkscreen paintings of Jacqueline Kennedy, Mao Zedong, and Campbell's Soup Cans.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7f7e4bcee2544788709549a8bc7af64",
            "input": "An aldehyde can be converted to one of these compounds by first being converted to an oxime and then undergoing dehydration. In turn, these compounds can be reduced to aldehydes by treatment with stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid, followed by hydrolysis. Immediate hydrolysis in the presence of an acid or a base yields their corresponding carboxylic acid and they can also be reduced, in the presence of lithium aluminum hydride, to primary amines. FTP, name these organic compounds characterized by a carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a08a61de49284dee9edde54421e2f4f7",
            "input": "This poet described a \"soft floating witchery of sound\" in one poem. The speaker of another poem by this author asks \"Is the night chilly and dark\" before answering \"The night is chilly, but not dark.\" The speaker of one of his poems describes \"viper thoughts, that coil around my mind\" and references the \"grand old ballad of Patrick Spence.\" Another of his poems proclaims \"No sound is dissonant which tells of life.\" This poet of \"This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison\" and \"The Eolian Harp\" is best known for a work whose title character orders a structure to be built alongside the river Alph. For 10 points, name this poet of \"Dejection: An Ode\" and Christabel, who described a character building a \"stately pleasure dome\" in Xanadu in his unfinished \"Kubla Khan.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9543ef8a52a84021a451e1c1ca1d9dcf",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel spends much of the early chapters traveling on the Great North Road to his family estate. The title character of this novel is married to Helen Campbell and she has Morris executed. The protagonist of this work must recover some of his merchant father William's documents that were stolen by his cousin and he befriends the merchant, Bailie Nicol Jarvie. Late in this novel Andrew Fairservice and the protagonist, Francis Osbaldistone, are arrested while on their way to meet the titular outlaw, who at the end of this novel escapes some soldiers by diving into the river and later kills Rashleigh. Set, like its author's earlier Waverly, during a failed Jacobite rebellion, for ten points, identify this Walter Scott novel about the titular Scottish highwayman. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b709613cd9d4325825b670a058742b9",
            "input": "One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria. In the 8th century, this was the site where Charles Martel was victorious at the Battle of Tours. This country was led by (*) Nicolas Sarkozy until the 2012 elections. For 10 points, name this country once led by Charles de Gaulle.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77e257de5a154b458d3fec5015b67ea2",
            "input": "The last chapter of Erich Auerbachs Mimesis, The Brown Stocking, is devoted to this work. The sixth chapter of its last section is a bracketed description of Macalisters son cutting a square into a fish, while in its first part, the central character rails against the English dairy system after Bankes suggests they drink coffee and pities Charles for not being as attractive as Paul Rayley, who later marries Minta Doyle. Though the war in its middle section makes Augustus Carmichaels poetry more popular, it also results in the death of that characters son Andrew; she also dies suddenly. Its first section ends with that character silently telling her philospher husband James that it will be too wet to row to the title structure. FTP, name this work about the Ramsays, by Virginia Woolf.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92d2c78c7bd042b990e5d0134fd7e7bf",
            "input": "This conflict saw the death of Florimund de Mercy fighting against the Marshals de Broglie and Coigny at San Pietro. Reinforcements under Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia participated in the late Battle of Guastalla. After the issuance of a manifesto at Konigsberg, Adam Tarlo formed a confederation to oppose the army of Peter Lacy. Meanwhile, the fleet of Luis de Cordova was successful at the key Battle of Bitonto in another theater. It was ended by the Treaty of Vienna, which made Francis Stephen the Grand Duke of Tuscany after the last Medici ruler, and most importantly recognized the rule of Augustus III over the claim of Stanislaw who had fled to France at its beginning. FTP, name this 1733-1738 conflict, a certain war of succession fought when Russia attempted to set up a ruler in the namesake country.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f40ac27082884666b27f6e14166e1939",
            "input": "In an adaptation of this novel, its protagonist sings the songs \"Thousands of Miles\" and \"O Tixo, Tixo, Help Me\". Characters in this novel include the status-quo-loving Mr. Harrison, whose son John is given a thousand pounds to start a reform club, the politicians Tomlinson and Dubula, and the \"agricultural demonstrator\" Napoleon Letsitsi. The protagonist of this novel, which (*) Maxwell Anderson and Kurt Weill adapted into Lost in the Stars, learns that his sister Gertrude has become a prostitute and is joined by Theophilus Msimangu in searching Johannesburg for his son. At its end, Absalom is executed for the murder of Arthur Jarvis. For 10 points, name this novel about Stephen Kumalo, the first by Alan Paton (PAY-ton).",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcb8035d41184e5594771a90eafc168f",
            "input": "Valentine Greene's 1779 mezzotint popularized this painting. Infrared reflectography has revealed that the artist originally intended to add another young man where the balding sailor in the beige coat appears in the final work. While men in gray remain firmly within the craft, two men in white stretch forward and a man in a black coat thrusts a harpoon at one of the title figures. Set against the placid harbor of Havana, it depicts an event that took place in 1749 when a 14-year-old orphan was attacked while swimming alone. For 10 points - name this Copley painting of a man losing his leg to an animal.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-914cf52710204f8387037aa29c934116",
            "input": "Highly anoxic, this body of water's lower levels are almost completely lifeless due to the high concentration of hydrogen sulfide, and its water circulates through the Rim Current. The Karkinit Bay sits on its north, and islands in this body of water include Berezan and Fidonisi, while cities on its shores include Sochi and Constanta. Sitting on the Skifsky Platform, it is probably a residual basin of the Tethys Sea, while the two straits that connect it to other bodies of water are the Kerch Strait and the Bosporus, which connects it to the Sea of Marmara. Known to the ancient Greeks as \"Axenos,\" or \"Inhospitable,\" for ten points, idenitfy this body of water that borders, among others, Ukraine and Russia, and contains the Crimean Peninsula.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c565845b94a47c3a54d4693b8a5e9f9",
            "input": "At the bottom center of this painting, a tree that appears to be glowing is grasped in the hand of one of the central figures. Its left hand side shows a woman milking a goat, while two more people, a farmer in black holding a scythe and a woman playing a violin, appear near the top. That woman, as well as two different colored houses, is upside-down. Meant to be a depiction of the artist's hometown of Vitebsk, this painting's main image is one of a green skinned man looking into the face of an animal. For 10 points, name this painting by Marc Chagall.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed7618460d0445db9b6545408f6a6342",
            "input": "In one play by this author, Odysseus and Diomedes kill Dolon before stealing the horses of the title character, while he wrote another play in which Theseus and the Athenians invade Thebes in order to bury the dead bodies which Creon refused to bury. In addition to Rhesus and The Suppliants, he wrote a play in which Demophon and Iolaus protect the title characters from Copreus and Eurystheus, and one in which Pylades and Electra capture Hermione in revenge against their betrayal by Menelaus. This author of Heracleidae and Orestes wrote a more well known play in which Dionysis punishes Pentheus by dressing him as a woman. For 10 pointsname this author of The Bacchae.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8e237bd8b6b4c53a3f24d0a311d517a",
            "input": "The shelterin complex protects these entities from non-homologous end joining, and they can form G-quadraplexes with bonding between G and C sequences. The TRAP assay is used to study the activity of enzymes associated with them. Disruptions in TFR2 binding to these regions results in damage signaling. The RNA-containing enzyme that extends these was discovered by Blackburn and is responsible for the characteristic repeat of these entities. Their shortening causes the end-replication problem, which leads to the Hayflick limit on eukaryotic cell division. For 10 points, name this region found at the end of linear chromosomes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-55b50361286549a6805a40aab8626615",
            "input": "This man collaborated with Gerald Platt and Neil Smelser on The American University and with Smelser alone on Economy and Society. He advocated the theory of inevitable rough social equilibrium and outlined the four goals of any ordering of a society in the AGIL paradigm, which includes latency and goal attainment. Credited with introducing Vilfredo Pareto to American readers, this mans school of thought was known as structural functionalism. For 10 points, name this author of The Social System and The Structure of Social Action, the dominant figure in mid-twentieth-century American sociology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6220bc38fbe4494da67b554ea7c0a8f4",
            "input": "This composer wrote a comic singspiel opera called The Impresario in a competition against an Italian composer's First the Music, then the Words. The death of this man's mother inspired his Piano Sonata No. , which was written in A minor while he was on a trip to Paris that also yielded his Symphony No. One of this composer's piano sonatas contains a rondo section \"Alla Turca.\" Franz Xaver Sussmayr completed this man's Requiem Mass in D minor. For 10 points, name this German composer whose operas include The Magic Flute and Don Giovanni.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-040fe1471bed4db69a6a4b69134e1cdc",
            "input": "Pieter Vanhuysse, Sang-Weon Kim, and Alex Pridemore have all published descriptions of this phenomenon in post-Communist Eastern Europe, while a 1966 article by Robert A. Wilson is titled this concept in the Ghetto. A five-item scale to measure this phenomenon was devised by Leo Srole. This concept was first introduced in Jean-Marie Guyaus The Non-Religion of the Future. A man who wrote a 1997 book titled the future of this concept used it to form the basis of Strain Theory; that man also paired this concept with Social Structure in a famous work and was named Robert King Merton. In its most famous exposition, this phenomenon is presented as a result of irregular forms of the titular division of labor in society. For ten points, name this social condition described by Emile Durkheim as a state of relative normlessness.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5e588a43fa2457697ba91c8d4af83ee",
            "input": "When formed underneath glaciers, these landforms can cause devastating floods known as jokulhaups (yoe-kull-howps). A pyroclastic flow may stem from these landforms, which can excrete material known as pahoehoe (pa-HOY-hoy) and aa (ah-ah). Broadly, these landforms are classified into composite, (*) shield, and cinder types. For 10 points, name these landforms, prominent around the Earth's \"\"ring of fire,\"\" which are formed where magma can reach the earth's surface.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b07c5f35e4f4126aa7d9acf7e1cf074",
            "input": "This man was known to have masqueraded under the names Orontes, Moeris, and Diodotus of Erythrae, and Arrian calls him the governor of Assakenois. as well as by the Achaemenid dynasty. He successfully repelled an invasion by Seleucus I Nicator, but retired after the onset of a 12-year famine and fasted to death. Heavily influenced by his mentor Canakya's text Arthasastra, in his earlier years he defeated the Nanda kingdom after taking the throne of the Magadha kingdom, and established his center of power at Paliputra. FTP, name this grandfather of Ashoka and founder of the Mauryan empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3ab3ecd5d0d4cddb052b6c1272de6f3",
            "input": "of this man's early poems uses the phrase \"Master of the still stars and of the flaming door\" to describe \"The Valley of the Black Pig,\" while another notes \"The fascination of what's difficult/ Has dried the sap out of my veins. \" One of his war poems notes \"We, who seven years ago/ Talked of honour and of truth,/ Shriek with pleasure if we show,/ The weasel's twist, the weasel's tooth,\" and another implores \"Come build in the empty house of the stare\"; those are (*) \"Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen\" and \"Meditations in Time of Civil War. \" In addition to referring to his \"Decrepit age that has been tied to me/ As to a dog's tail,\" leaving him \"A tattered coat upon a stick,\" his later work sees him dream \"of a Ledaean body, bent/ Above a sinking fire\" while describing his school inspections, and also describing \"A sudden blow: the great wings beating still\" in another poem that plays on the same myth. For 10 points, name this poet of \"Among School Children,\" \"The Stolen Child\" and \"Easter, 1916. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c3d41a39f574984b5ad478d00d6a2f0",
            "input": "One film from this country sees an elderly couple travel to the city only to be shooed off by their children and uses almost exclusively low-angle stationary shots. In another film from here, the protagonist struggles to find her own \"ghost\" while leading Section 9 on a hunt for the Puppet Master. Ghost in the Shell is a film from this country, which also produced a film whose protagonist returns a cursed gold seal to Zeniba to cure her friend Haku. That character feeds copious amounts of food the spirit No-Face while attempting to save her parents, who have been transformed into pigs. For 10 points, name this country that produced Spirited Away.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f86e7702d916485c839b31ca50794f09",
            "input": "Early in his career, he wrote a large body of concertos for varying instruments including bassoon, oboe, recorder, and mandolin. These were written during his many years at the Ospedale della Pieta, a Venetian orphanage where he was violin master. Later he served as Maestro di Cappella in Mantua, where the countryside inspired his most famous work. FTP name this man known as the Red Priest, the composer of The Four Seasons.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43d9d6e9426d4e0f858b4c1786fc672b",
            "input": "In one myth, this god fails in his attempts to court his wife until he seduces her in the guise of a cuckoo. He tricks another of his lovers into turning into a fly, then swallows her, only to find out that she was pregnant and that his daughter is causing him a massive headache. In another myth, this god draws lots with his brothers to see who controls the sky, the sea, and the underworld after he castrates and overthrows his father Cronus. For 10 points, name this philandering leader of the Greek gods who is married to the jealous Hera.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad940652c3434ce38c37190646b15677",
            "input": "This ruler planned to have a gold-plated statue of himself placed on the tomb of Edward the Confessor. Instead, posthumous monuments to this man included recumbent effigies created by Pietro Torrigiano. Polydore Vergil thought that \"avarice\" defined the last years of this ruler, who was advised by men like Thomas Savage and Richard Empson. After a youth spent in exile in Brittany, this Earl of Richmond carried a red dragon standard when he landed at Milford. The support of the previously neutral Stanleys brought victory to this man's army in Leicestershire, making it possible for him to marry Elizabeth of York and end the Wars of the Roses. For 10 points, the Battle of Bosworth Field was won by what first Tudor king of England and father of a king with six wives",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1dc986673ccc4f698a532695008683c6",
            "input": "This character's name means \"head\" in the Nadsat language that droogs speak in A Clockwork Orange. One man whom he meets is the solitude-seeking Portuguese captain Pedro de Mendez. He becomes embroiled in a war fought between two neighboring countries over whether eggs should be cracked from the big or little end. This surgeon visits a country in which horses lead men, called Hounyyhmms. His adventures lead him to Luggnagg, Lilliput, and Brobdignag. For 10 points, name this character whose \"Travels\" title a satirical novel by Jonathan Swift.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbf40e6ab9004c27b2bd3223cb3b7efe",
            "input": "A prologue by this author decries singing of wars, of captains, and of kings, Of cities founded, commonwealths begun. This poet whined My burning flesh in sweat did boil in a poem about a fever, and in another poem wrote of piteous shrieks of dreadful voice and fearful sound of fire and fire. This author of Verses Upon the Burning of Our House addressed one collection as an ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain, and opened another poem with the line If ever two were one, then surely we. For 10 points, name this poet who included The Author to Her Book and To My Dear and Loving Husband in her collection The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba7e3ac7d3764cec98e874e12be50b34",
            "input": "In one of his most famous drawings, one of the title figures wears a cap and holds a brush while the other stands behind him and looks interested in his work. In one of his paintings, a street is thronged with people walking on stilts, rolling hoops, sitting on barrels, and engaging in other forms of the titular activities. In addition to The Painter and the Buyer and Children's Games, he produced drawings to be engraved by Hieronymous Cock, such as Big Fish Eat Little Fish. His later works include The Magpie on the Gallows, while his religious works include The Procession to Calvary and The Adoration of the Kings. His light-hearted works include The Battle Between Carnival and Lent and the Peasant Wedding, while he was more severe in The Triumph of Death. FTP, name this Flemish artist of Landscape with the Fall of Icarus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb8875199ad1426cb9edf10248129ca2",
            "input": "Because the mother of the protagonist of this work believes some names are too poor and others unheard of, her son is thus named after his father, whereupon the protagonist cries and makes a grimace. Despite being mocked by his co-workers, the protagonist is later invited to tea with an official, after which he is accosted in a square after midnight. Later on, the protagonist is advised to go to a prominent personage, whose disgust with the protagonist's low rank prevents him from finding out that the title item, made by Petrovich, has been stolen. Akaky Akakievitch haunts St. Petersburg to recover the titular lost garment at the end of, FTP, which short story by Nikolai Gogol",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5d64b1a20834717b20126634eca60c5",
            "input": "of his short stories describes an expert huntsman who is attracted to Arina Timofeyevna, and in another short story, Vassily Vasilych describes his suffering to the narrator before comparing himself to the titular Shakespearean character. In another work one of the protagonists feuds with his companion's uncle Pavel, and that protagonist is earlier rejected when he confesses his love for Anna Sergeevna. The former collection contains such stories as \"Yermolai and the Miller's Wife\" and \"Hamlet of the Schigrovsky District,\" while in the latter novel, Arkady is enthralled with the nihilistic theories of Bazarov. For 10 points, identify this author of A Sportsman's Sketches and Fathers and Sons.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-02542a9aa629429f921066c35e6c0786",
            "input": "In one novel with this adjective in the title, The Marshal is stricken with the title illness and not cured by Dr. Galen, while another sees Arabella March face off with Adam Salton, who uses dynamite to destroy the title creature. In addition to a Karel Capek novel about a plague of this type, and Bram Stoker's The Lair of the [this] Worm, this color describes the jacket of a sailor on the Neversink in a Melville work and a woman in a (*) Wilkie Collins novel, as well as titling a novel about Jack Gladney, a professor of Hitler Studies. For ten points, identify this color which accompanies \"Noise\" in the title of a Don DeLillo work, the color of a man whose burden was discussed by Rudyard Kipling.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a88ad94e6104f38854769ed0bd16614",
            "input": "The increase in this quantity due to high frequency caused by Foucault currents manifests itself as the skin effect. Cooper pairs appear when this quantity goes to zero. The reciprocal of this quantity is measured in siemens, and, when working with AC circuits, it is known as impedance. A circuit consisting of four of its namesake devices with a galvanometer in the middle, known as a Wheatstone Bridge, can be used to measure this quantity. Joule's First Law states that current squared times this is equal to power. For 10 points, name this electrical quantity which, when multiplied by current, yields the voltage drop across its namesake device.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32ac100330ec4996aa752653c12754ed",
            "input": "One character in this opera describes his daughter as \"Pura siccome un angelo\" and another performs \"Noi siamo zingarelle\" at Flora's house. In the last scene of this opera, a trip is planned in the aria \"Parigi, o cara. \" Earlier in this opera, the joys expressed in \"De' miei bollenti spiriti\" are short-lived after the singer learns from the maid Annina that the title character has sold some jewelery. Baron Douphol challenges the male lead to a duel, shortly after the elder Germont and his son sing \"Di Provenza il mar. \" Dr. Grenvil looks over the title character, who faints in the arms of Flora, but had earlier joined Alfredo in the drinking song \"Libiamo, ne' lieti calici. \" FTP, name this Verdi opera in which Violetta succumbs to consumption.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee4ba341323f4da29777122d7290bcce",
            "input": "reality program Murder in Small Town X was set in this state. The possibly first American Indian professional baseball player, \"Chief\" Sockalexis, was born in this state, while another resident of this state asked \"Are you going to vote to have a war or not\" to Yuri Andropov. That resident was the schoolgirl Samantha Smith. A film featuring Betty White as the vulgar Mrs. Bickerman and involving killer crocodiles is not set in New York's Lake Placid, but actually in this state. This state is home to such fictional residents as Sheriff Mort Metzger and Dr. Seth Hazlitt, who assist Jessica Fletcher in solving mysteries, while a medical doctor named Benjamin Franklin \"Hawkeye\" Pierce is also from this state. Featuring such fictional cities as Cabot Cove and Crabapple Cove, this state is also the setting of much of the writings of Sarah Orne Jewett and Stephen King. For 10 points, name this New England state with capital at Augusta.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3a61f05cb8049e8af294ae9bc9eb5ed",
            "input": "In one part of this work Petronella Proud-Heart gives away her expensive fur clothes and a wrathful man describes how he started false rumors that Clarice's father was a cuckold and Sister Parnel was a whore while working as a cook at a convent. In this work Ymaginatif discusses proverbs from ancient poetry comparing the rich man to a peacock and the humble man to a lark after a scene where the emperor Trajan describes his deathbed. At the beginning of this work a group of rodents gather to discuss their plans to put a bell around a cat's neck, while the narrator learns about the Tree of Charity growing inside every person and is lectured about the Dungeon of Wrong and the Tower of Truth by Lady Good Church before he witnesses Lady Mede attempt to marry False. The third section of this poem centers on the title character's quest to locate Do-Well, Do-Better, and Do-Best. Found in A, B, and C, versions, for 10 points, name this allegorical poem beginning in Malvern Hills in which the narrator \"Will\" has a vision of the title agricultural figure, written by William Langland.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34288de659624db08e071b8c29a3582a",
            "input": "The Cotton-Mouton effect results when it is applied to liquids, while in solids its application results in the Voigt effect, sometimes known as its namesake birefringence. Applying it to metals induces the formation of Landau levels to allow for the measurement of Fermi surfaces, and the propagation of light along the direction of one results in an angular shift proportional to the Verdet constant and is known Faraday rotation. The Lorentz equation gives the force exerted by it on a moving charge, and it is divergence free and can be given as the curl of the vector potential. FTP, identify this field which can be calculated from Ampere's law, the counterpart of the electric field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1fa1bc002bd04c2b8c19de34d017e8ce",
            "input": "One work by this composer was written for cellist Wilhelm Fitzenhagen and includes seven variations on a rococo theme. One opera by this man includes a famous \"letter scene\" in which Tatyana writes to the title character, who kills Lensky in a duel. This composer of Eugene Onegin used the celesta to depict the \"Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy\" in a work in which the title object leads an army of gingerbread soldiers. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c0e95c749c574cd2b80a856eca9bfd3c",
            "input": "Marcus theory concerns their transfer, and Slater's rules are used to determine the amount they are shielded. In the DavissonGermer experiment, they were scattered off nickel targets, and Enrico Fermi is the namesake of a \"sea\" of them that can be present in the conduction band. Plates were set up to oppose the Earth's gravitational field and measure the charge of these leptons in Robert Millikan's oil drop experiment. Free radicals have an unpaired one of these particles, and the p subshell holds a maximum of six. FTP name these negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3d83063f10d4e54816fe0c6332d4514",
            "input": "Joseph Meacham and Lucy Wright helped organize this faith after the death of an illiterate founder who claimed to be Jesus' second incarnation. It grew out of a religious sect led by Jane and James Wardley that took many of its rituals from the Camisards. This faith experienced a revival during the \"era of manifestations.\" This faith's communities at Watervliet, Hancock, and New Lebanon grew famous for manufacturing (*) simple furniture. Mother Ann Lee brought this faith to America, where its communities mostly died out by the early 20th-century thanks to its doctrine of celibacy. \"Simple Gifts\" is one of this faith's hymns. For 10 points, name this splinter sect from the Quakers that received its name because its adherents dance during worship.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b39022f1956f4837b5c6b39ce530e628",
            "input": "author wrote a story where Lady Carlotta is mistaken for the governess Miss Hope and thus teaches children history under the titular \"Schartz-Metterklume Method. \" In another story, children are given toy figures of John Herschel and John Stuart Mill. This author of \"The Toys of Peace\" ended one story with \"Romance at short notice was her speciality,\" referring to the fanciful story told to Framton Nuttel. In another story, Conradin's guardian is ultimately dispatched by his god, the titular pole ferret. For 10 points, name this witty British short story author, who penned such works as \"Sredni Vashtar\" and \"The Open Window\" under a one-word penname.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08add389432449f586c87455fa1d83d1",
            "input": "This man's favorite dance choreographer was Josias Priest, and Thomas Betterton wrote many of his libretti, including Dioclesian His early career consisted mainly of music for plays, such as Tyrannick Love, The Virtuous Wife, and Epsom Wells, most of which he did under the tutelage of John Blow. He is known for a genre sometimes called semi-opera, among which are versions of The Tempest and Timon of Athens and an adaptation of a story by Robert Howard and John Dryden, The Indian Queen. One of his most famous works includes the arias Ah, Belinda and When I am Laid in Earth and another is based off of A Midsummer Night's Dream. FTP, name this English composer of Dido and Aeneas and The Faerie Queen.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7bf11e54b4bd46419649accfacbcb546",
            "input": "One scene in this work relates the robbing of a convoy carrying birthday gifts after a group of seven people swear an oath of loyalty and disguise themselves as date traders. One character, nicknamed the Big Knife, leads an attack against the protagonists but is converted to their side after being captured, and at the end of this work the protagonists are hired by the government to put down the rebellion of Fang Xi. Focusing on the exploits of the 108 stars of destiny, FTP, name this novel that takes place near the end of the Song dynasty, in which a group of bandits centered at Mount Liang fight against the tyrannical Kao Chui and oppose a corrupt government.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cdccc7d4dda742fd8fcf9b24a9df46f5",
            "input": "This quantity is the ratio between the mass of the electron neutrino and the mass of the muon neutrino. Andre Geims work suggests that the most exact value of this is equal to the amount of light absorbed by graphene divide by pi. The square of this is equal to the ratio of the rest mass of the electron and the Hartree energy, and many scientists have proposed studying the 21 centimeter line of the CMB to study the change over time of this quantity. The best estimate for it was obtained by considering the magnetic moment of an electron, and the Quantum Hall Effect has also been used to calculate its value. First proposed to account for the splitting of the spectral lines of the Hydrogen atom and famously miscalculated by Eddington, for 10 points, identify this constant approximately equal to 1 over 137.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c0e9b09b22848049c5c25b0853ed1a9",
            "input": "The Admirality Mountains stand behind Cape Adare peninsula in Victoria Land, part of this desert. The Theron Mountains are found in the Coats Land regions of this desert, whose other regions include Wilkes Land, Adelie Land, and Queen Maud Land. Lakes in this desert include Ellsworth and Vostok, the largest subglacial lake. The highest point in this desert is Vinson Massif, and Mount Erebus is an active volcano in this desert. The Ross Sea and Weddell Sea border this continent which is covered by glaciers. For 10 points, name this continent at the South Pole.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3d33844ea704455ae41265540d69cfa",
            "input": "In one work by this composer, the overture of a Richard Wagner opera is intentionally mangled as if being sight-read by a spa orchestra early in the morning. One of this composer's important early works is a setting of a fifteen-poem cycle about the life of the Virgin Mary, Das Marienleben. William Furtwangler's attempted staging of an opera by this composer eventually culminated in his resignation from the Staatsoper and Berlin Philharmoniker. Another work by this composer includes twelve fugues with eleven linking interludes and a prelude and postlude that are retrograde inversions of each other. This composer was a leading proponent of Gebrauchsmusik,  and often played in a trio with Szymon Goldberg and Emanuel Feuermann. Yet another work by this composer was written in just six hours upon hearing of the death of King George V and is scored for orchestra and viola, an instrument of which he was a master. That work is Trauermusik,  and other works include Ludus Tonalis and Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes by Carl Maria von Weber. For 10 points, identify this righteous anti- dodecaphonist whose first symphony was based on themes from his opera Mathis der Maler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-887db1846f7f453d9869e5df42e3fe81",
            "input": "He was brought up at the estate of Macellum in Cappadocia and as a youth converted to Neoplatonism. Ammianus Marcellinus describes him as a stocky, athletic type, which is confirmed by his statue in the Louvre. He defeated and expelled the Alemanni and the Franks, and was set to take on Constantius II, when Constantius died. After assuming power in 361, he ruled for only twenty months. FTP, identify this nephew of Constantine the Great who gained his nickname when he renounced Christianity and became a pagan.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24d89bb58368474d9a4c08cace5fa5f7",
            "input": "The Song of the Great Souls of the Earth is performed in scene ten of this play, and scene seven features a discussion of how the plans of great men are ruined by the littleness of their underlings. The story of Peter the Piper is recounted by the prostitute Yvette Pottier, who later pawns a flask to the Colonel. One of the main characters is executed for raiding a village, one is shot down when she tries to warn a town about an approaching army by beating on a drum, and another is captured when he tries to return the lieutenants cashbox. Eilif, Kattrin, and Swiss Cheese are the children of the title character who makes her living as a canteen woman during the Thirty Years War. FTP, name this play about Anna Fierling by Bertolt Brecht.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd8928df94104529a76fb40fa3c7bb40",
            "input": "Vocal in their beliefs, in England this group caused trouble by interrupting church services, refusing to pay tithes, and holding illegal meetings of their own. In 1827, this denomination split between followers of Elias Hicks and the conservative Orthodox ones. Their survival in America was largely due to William Penn, who declared religious tolerance in Pennsylvania. FTP name this Christian sect founded by George Fox.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc7c87b16a3548638d623aeb522bc5e4",
            "input": "The penultimate section of this work was written with the injunction that \"had my mother cooked meat, I would have remained longer. \" That piece is a combination of two folk songs, and is followed by a section said to be \"da capo. \" The 10th section starts in the bass until the main subject is given in soprano in bar 9, and is titled a \"Fughetta. \" Wanda Landowska produced the first recording of it, written in an attempt to soothe the insomnia of Count Kayserling. Beginning and ending with a characteristic sarabande in 3/4 time, it contains a quodlibet in addition to the two arias. Famously performed with humming by Glenn Gould, FTP name this collection of 30 works for harpsichord named for its first performer, some variations written by J. S. Bach.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f19a52ef43c4c91abbbcf9e626557c1",
            "input": "This artist painted a street sweeper and a woman in green holding her hands above her head in The Dead Man, and depicted blue figures and a seven-candle chandelier above a marriage ceremony in The Wedding Candles. One of his paintings shows a white Eiffel Tower behind himself painting, and another shows a man toting a sack an army advancing with red flags, and a burning place of worship around the central dying figure. This artist of White Crucifixion and Self Portrait with Seven Fingers painted some upside-down houses and a sheep facing a green man's face in another work. For 10 points, name this Belarussian who painted I and the Village.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54f67d4507ed4a7690450d585befdcc3",
            "input": "In the Odyssey, the Scherians possess a group of these objects that respond to their owners' thoughts, and Poseidon turns one of these objects to stone after Odysseus reached Ithaca. Homer notes that ten mouths and ten tongues would not suffice to describe a group of these things in a passage that doubles as a (*) list of the Greek commanders. A poem by Apollonius of Rhodes notes that one of them had a component that could speak prophetically because its material was taken from Dodona. King Aegeus committed suicide because his son forgot to change color of a part of these objects from black to white. For 10 points, name this type of vessel that Theseus used to return from Crete to Athens.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4fbe2d91f532454d9d33350f9ed22562",
            "input": "One of this composers title characters sings the aria Quand le destin au milieu to convince the Countess of Berkenfield not to force her to marry the Duke of Crackenthorp. In another of his operas, Dr. Malatesta sings Bella siccome un angelo when describing a fictional sister to the title bachelor, while the self-proclaimed genius Dr. Dulcamara sells the title object of another opera to Nemorino to allow him to woo Adina. Another of his operas contains the sextet Chi mi frena, after which Edgardo curses the entire Lammermoor family. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of Daughter of the Regiment, Don Pasquale, LElisir dAmore, and Lucia di Lammermoor.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5c1ee2337bb45a3899192b8baf2e3d2",
            "input": "These compounds react with pyridine and 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene in the Zincke reaction. The first step of the Mannich reaction reacts formaldehyde with one of them, and the degree of these compounds is determined by reacting them with benzyl sulfonyl chloride in the Hinsberg test. The Ing-Manske reaction is one variant on a method for producing them which generally uses potassium phthalamide and alkyl halides; that is the Gabriel synthesis. Biological examples of them include alkaloids and norepinephrine, as well as aniline. For ten points, name these functional groups which contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, generally derived from ammonia.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fc869d25bb1b4595a0139e920fc93a52",
            "input": "One character in this novel states that \"\"nine old men\"\" killed the NRA. Another character in this work is forced to read to Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose after wrecking her garden. In this novel, one character notes that another character, \"\"....gave us two soap dolls, a broken watch and chain, a pair of good-luck pennies, and our lives. \"\" That quote from this novel was a description of the actions of (*) Boo Radley by Scout. For 10 points, name this novel about the defense of Tom Robinson against false rape accusations by Atticus Finch, a work of Harper Lee.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e9e7398eef444b290d6e867b9b6a7d3",
            "input": "The Zohar cites Job 1:6 and Job 2:1 to establish a two-day framework for celebration of this holiday. The Talmud states that the prediction of ones losses during the next year occurs on this holiday, whose first afternoon includes the tashlikh, or recitation of prayer near flowing water. The days of awe precede this holiday, which is followed by the fast day of Gedalia. If this holiday lies on the Shabbat, the Shofar is not played, but gefilte fish, apples, and honey are served regardless. Occurring during Tishrei, the seventh month of the Jewish calendar, for 10 points, name this Jewish celebration of the New Year.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a38b206d75b47ba8f7df24d27ec4088",
            "input": "In 1878 Henry Rowland showed that this could be produced by spinning a vulcanite plate sandwiched between two glass plates. Zeeman showed that it could split spectral lines, useful in electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and a voltage difference is created by it applied perpendicularly to an electron flow in a conductor in what as known as the Hall effect. Purcell pedagogically described it as the relativistic side effect of electrons moving near one another, and the force on a moving charged particle is calculated by taking the cross product of the velocity and it. For 10 points, identify this field produced by a moving charge or a changing electric field measured in Tesla.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d64a98cb32c944699317ff3f92a65361",
            "input": "This man wrote about a creature that \"launch'd forth filament, filament, filament\" in a poem about a \"noiseless patient spider.\" He wrote \"Flood-tide below me! I see you face to face!\" in his \"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry.\" He published a \"deathbed edition\" of his continually revised masterpiece, which includes a poem beginning \"I celebrate myself, and sing myself.\" For 10 points, name this American poet who included \"Song of Myself\" in his Leaves of Grass.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6888f4a3d78941d4a4cfe08bdbc1eb02",
            "input": "This composer wrote a work, premiered by conductor Gustave Doret, which opens with a flute solo containing chromatic descents and ascents. This composer ended one of his suites with a fourth-movement French courtly dance called a passepied. During the rehearsals of one of this composer's pieces, the violinists tied handkerchiefs on the end of their bows in protest. This composer, who wrote three \"symphonic sketches\" that include \"the play of the (*) waves,\" wrote a piece representing moonlight found in his Suite Bergamasque. Another of his pieces is a symphonic poem based on a Stephane Mallarme poem. For 10 points, name this French composer of the Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, La Mer, and \"Clair de lune.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ab0137f06f44496baa933c860e70444",
            "input": "One important figure in this conflict later led an expedition to drive Yaqub Beg out of Xinjiang. The lijin tax was instituted during this conflict. A massacre during it occurred when minister of state Yang Xiuqing attempted to seize power. Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang were among those to lead local armies during it. This rebellion began among the Hakka people, and it at first advocated the segregation of men and women and the abolishment of private property. The Hunan Army was raised to put down this rebellion and was led by Zeng Guofan. It originated with the God Worshippers Society, and this rebellions leader, Hong Xiuquan, claimed to be the brother of Jesus. For 10 points, name this mid-nineteenth century Chinese rebellion that attempted to establish a Heavenly Kingdom.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3467eb8f22cf4b9ca9eeb3a049d0ff94",
            "input": "The inverted right triangle design of the Dallas City Hall is characteristic of this man, who adapted the colonnade of St. Peters Basilica for Christopher Newport Univeritys Ferguson Center for the Arts. He first gained widespread notice in Boulder, Colorado where he designed the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and he would later be recognized by the Japanese government for his Miho Museum. His design for the JFK memorial library presages the structure of both the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art and the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame. FTP, identify architect, most famous for designing the Louvre Pyramid and the Bank of China in his country of birth.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc2919b7fb204b01842ee34a4a9d11e4",
            "input": "The Aberdeen Head is considered to be a precursor to one of this artist's best known works. A legend claims that a stain on the thigh of one work came from a boy who tried to have sex with the statue because it was so lifelike. He showed a figure leaning on a tree trunk while resting his right forearm on his head in the Lycian Apollo, and he made another statue modeled from the famous courtesan Phryne. This sculptor depicted a boy preparing to strike a reptile climbing a tree in Apollo Sauroktonos and showed a woman modestly covering her genitals in Cnidian Aphrodite. His best-known work shows a god carrying a baby in his left arm. For 10 points, name this Attic sculptor who made Hermes and the Infant Dionysius.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5cae19fc6d9349aa8dc8475fee81e808",
            "input": "It is an example of linear response theory, analogous to Fourier's law of heat transport, and thus there is a Kubo formula relating the proportionality constant in it to a two-point correlation function of electric currents. Diodes are prominent examples of materials that do not satisfy it, because they permit a flow of current in only one direction. This law can be derived from the Lorentz force with the assumption that there is a drag on charge carriers that is proportional to their velocity. Kirchoff formulated a continuum version of it equating current density to electric field times conductivity of a material. Its most familiar form states that the current through a conductor is proportional to the voltage across it and inversely proportional to resistance. For 10 points, name this law that shares its name with the SI unit of electrical impedance.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1811a202bc54efb9d0d73a63242e9d3",
            "input": "bishop of this city who was converted from Protestantism was Melchior Klesl. Napoleon's troops under Jean Lannes and Joachim Murat took this city by convincing its defender, Prince Auersperg, that there was an armistice. (*) This city was defended from the Ottomans for a second time in 1683 by Jan Sobieski. Home to a meeting attended by Alexander I, Viscount Castlereagh, and Klemens von Metternich, for 10 points, name this capital of Austria.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-27ea304d52c54566afff06434f49f3c7",
            "input": "Although the author of this book claims that it is not urgent, this book advocates for the abolishment of families, while this book also argues that the most important social institution is self-respect. The second principle of the title concept of this book is that power and wealth are to be distributed equally except where inequalities would work for the advantage of all, and where all would have equal opportunity to attain the higher positions. This book was expanded upon in the an article which equated the title concept of this book with fairness. Another important concept in this book is the idea of the original position, in which people would be unaware of their position in society because of a veil of ignorance. For ten points, identify this book by the author of Political Liberalism, John Rawls.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fbc7c77c9f16424199cd3bd1244ab5c8",
            "input": "A letter signed Belisarius detailed problems encountered by one side of this incident. Preceded by meetings at Hatfield, it resulted in the removal of judge William Whiting and state representative Moses Harvey. It ended with a defeat at Petersham, after which its leader fled to Vermont, as Governor James Bowdoin fielded an army led by Benjamin Lincoln and William Shepard. The Regulators had hoped to force the adjourning of the Springfield Supreme Court as they opposed the taxes they had to pay in the aftermath of the American Revolution. FTP, name this 1786-1877 rebellion of debtors against the imposition of taxes in Massachusetts.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db5a160cfc884db682512526570f72ea",
            "input": "In one novel by this author, Professor Lidenbrock goes on a voyage with Hans and Axel during which they see mastodons and giant mushrooms before being shot out of a volcano. This author wrote The Mysterious Island as a sequel to a work about Aronnax who goes in search of a giant underwater beast, but is brought on board a submarine. In another work by this man, Phileas Fogg buys an elephant to complete his trip on time. For 10 points, name this author of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, and Around the World in Eighty Days.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-86b4eede555b48ae8b99ac22cd1002d5",
            "input": "In the Argonautica, Hera promises that this man and Medea will unite in the Elysian Fields, while some stories claim that after his death, his mother brought his remains to the island of Leuke. He was once wounded in a fight near the river Scamander against Asteropaeus. In one story, his whereabouts were revealed by Thestor, who sensed that he was on Scyros, disguised as a girl named Pyrrha in the court of Lycomedes. He fell in love with the Trojan princess Polyxena, while Helenus revealed the importance of this character's son with Deidamia, Neoptolemus. The death of his friend Patroclus inspires him to return to the Trojan War, where he eventually kills Hector in single combat. For 10 points, name this Greek hero, invincible except for his heel.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6608fe5edf44917b715de0f7d3c90fa",
            "input": "In the right of one of this man's paintings, spoked wheels with men attached are mounted upon poles, and a grotesquely stretched man hangs with head lodged between the limbs of a tree. In another painting by this artist, a knife hangs out a window above a card-player while a nearby man bites a pillar and someone defecates out of a window. In this artist's most famous work, a farmer plows and a ship passes by without (*) noticing the splashing legs of the drowning mythical figure. For ten points, identify this Flemish artist of The Triumph of Death, Netherlandish Proverbs, and Landscape with the Fall of Icarus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a63c824be6c41b8ac7422faf432f45e",
            "input": "One thinker from this country collaborated with Harry Prosch on the 1975 book Meaning and authored 1946's Science, Faith, and Society. A historian from this country authored Trade and Markets in the Early Empires as well as Dahomey and the Slave Trade. Another thinker from this country proposed an ideal solution to the Demarcation Problem termed the \"sausage machine\" and coined the concept of \"Research Program\" while being a dialectical philosopher of science. A Marxist from this country defined orthodoxy as adherence to method rather than outcome, and an economic historian from this country blamed the gold standard for WW2 and wrote that modern capitalism was an invention of the Industrial Revolution in his Great Transformation. For ten points, name this home country of Karl Polanyi, George Lukacs and Imre Lakatos, whose cities include Szekesfehervar and Budapest.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-450f1ba880d2453a884fd3046a9ec799",
            "input": "In 1949, this region's town of Asbestos saw the asbestos miners of the Thetford mine go on strike. Containing the autonomy-seeking region of Nunavik, it is home to the La Grande River, on whose shores is a hydroelectric plant named for former premier Robert Bourassa. This region, containing the Chic-Choc Mountains and Gaspe Peninsula, underwent a secularization called the (*) Quiet Revolution. A failed accord named for its Meech Lake strengthened calls for its sovereignty in 1987. For 10 points, name this Canadian province that borders Maine and hosted the 1967 World's Fair, or Expo '67, in Montreal.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d54dfc1c6dc045ab95c80b400ca82961",
            "input": "One of this artist's protgs became famous for his erotic self-portraits and most notably painted a 1915 version of Death and the Maiden. This artist depicted two naked embracing pregnant women in  frieze that he titled after the composer of the Moonlight Sonata, the Beethoven Frieze. This artist created a set of works entitled Medicine, Philosophy, and Jurisprudence for the University of Vienna, but he may be better known for a protrait of Adele Bloch or several paintings which include one of a green-vested, bare-breasted woman, the Judith series. He is best known for a painting partially inspired by the St. Apollinare in Classe near Ravenna, which also features an embracing couple. For 10 points, name this major influence on Egon Schiele and painter of The Kiss.\r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90b8fac136f141ed8271f6574cb2c1aa",
            "input": "In 1879, he composed The Song of the Flea, a setting of part of Goethe's Faust. His early works include The Nursery and The Marriage, and the \"Dance of the Persian Slaves\" is featured in his opera Khovanshchina. Another opera, Sorochintsy Fair, was completed by Lyadov after his death in 1881. For 10 points, name this member of the Russian Five, best known for such works as Boris Gudunov, Night on Bald Mountain and Pictures from an Exhibition.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f9a4e0e19a24ac394b9e717f6a2a12d",
            "input": "The original experiment to confirm it included scenarios dealing with the theft of beer in a store, an epileptic seizure, and a smoke-filled room. Along with the Caporeal Dilemma it is considered the most prominent example of social loafing. This theory was first put forth in a famous 1968 study by Darley and Latane, who were intrigued by the seemingly apathetic reaction to the murder of Kitty Genovese. FTP, name this psychological phenomenon in which individuals, in the presence of a group, are less likely to help a person in trouble.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a794233027441ac8aa7fb63ca65c9d2",
            "input": "A writer from this country created such heteronyms as Alvaro de Campos, Alberto Caeiro, and Bernardo Soares. The author of Message and The Book of Disquiet converses with Ricardo Reis in another work from here. Venus guides the protagonist to the Isle of Love in its national epic, The Lusiads. A writer from this country created a character who believes his death will thwart the establishment of Christianity in The Gospel According to Jesus Christ, as well as the doctor's wife, who is the only one to escape a sudden epidemic of blindness. For 10 points, name this country home to Jose Saramago.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a6f082e387945d3ad3dd74bf7860953",
            "input": "Read, Fordham, and Adler compiled the collected works of this man, whose first important work was a book on the psychology of dementia praecox. Drawn to psychology after attending the lectures of the pioneer Pierre Janet, he extended the definition of libido to apply to the totality of life' processes, and in 1923's \"Psychological Types\" introduced the concepts of introvert and extrovert. FTP, who was this Swiss psychologist, developer of the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dcef07c559a64ac6b8533fe914fced04",
            "input": "Many of this artists paintings were commissioned in his hometown, where his The Disrobing of Christ still remains, and other works of this artists include The Trinity, and The Assumption of the Virgin. One of this artists last paintings depicts St. John standing in front of martyrs as they are saved and was entitled The Opening of the Fifth Seal, and was cut down in 1880. Though only two of his landscapes survive, one of them appears in the background of many of his other paintings, View of Toledo. For ten points, name this Mannerist painter from Crete, who is best known for The Burial of the Count of Orgaz.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45f5c36b79904d9c8733c27b72a35b43",
            "input": "This religion encourages the practice of Nit-nem, in which certain banis are meant to be read daily, and its adherents undergo baptism by drinking water. Those who have been baptized are called amritdhari, become a part of the Khalsa, and are permitted to wear items known as the (*) \"Five K's,\" including kachera, referring to a specific type of cotton undergarment, kesh, and the kirpan, a curved dagger. Houses of worship in this religion, such as the Golden Temple, are known as gurdwaras, and its central religious text, compiled in the 1600s, is the Adi Granth. It has ten major holy figures, the last of which was Gobind Singh. For 10 points, identify this religion founded by Guru Nanak in the Indian state of Punjab.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9f051401bfe40d0bf0ec82fa1bf154f",
            "input": "Different versions of this phenomenon have been experimentally tested by Ives and Stilwell on hydrogen atoms in 1938. Cherenkov radiation and verification of the absence of a medium of transmission for light are important consequences of its relativistic formulation. Johannes Stark predicted that high velocity rays of positive ions will demonstrate it, while Buys-Ballot [BOYS-ba-LOH] first verified it in 1845. First described by an Austrian scientist in 1842, FTP, name this effect that explains why a moving observer perceives a wavelength different from the source wavelength.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93263e45423a436ebd0d9962a1f6b695",
            "input": "In a poem by this man, Mary and Warren discuss an unreliable farm hand named Silas. Another poem by this man, published in North of Boston, describes apple trees that will never \"eat the cones\" of pine trees. In one poem, this man described the world ending in either fire or ice while another work states that \"good fences make good neighbors.\" This poet of \"Mending Wall\" wrote a work in which the speaker chose a path that was \"grassy and wanted wear,\" noting that he chose the one \"less traveled by.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"The Road Not Taken.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b44278fca6642ebb4c0dd018fe8f71f",
            "input": "Karl Popper claimed that this work undermines the \"Open Society\" in a work that details the \"Spell\" of its author. Its first section is comprised of Thrasymachus's critiques. Glaucon uses the story of the ring of Gyges in this work to illustrate the fact that man is inherently unjust. It contains the story of a group of shackled prisoners who see shadows against a wall. This work explains the Theory of the Forms with the Allegory of the Cave. For 10 points, name this Platonic dialogue, which also contains Socrates' description of an ideal state ruled by philosopher-kings.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46a47439e16540c986e4a37153f53234",
            "input": "A textual one by Douglas Hofstadter had characters join in a conversation about consciousness in an anthill. In his Le istitutioni harmoniche, Zarino divided them into sciolta and legata varieties, while Max Reger wrote them into his Hiller and Mozart Variations. One forms the beginning of the overture to The Bartered Bride, and another is featured in the famous middle of the overture to The Magic Flute. This heavily contrapuntal musical form that serves as the second half of a French overture and is paired with a prelude in each key in The Well-Tempered Clavier. For 10 points, name this music form also used by J. S. Bach in a series of organ works with a Toccata.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0fd14df635804e79bd1c2a249f73dd5f",
            "input": "One model of the universe with no cosmological constant is named for de Sitter and this man, who also names a state of matter that exists at very low temperatures with Bose. This man posited the existence of \"\"light quanta\"\" in the photoelectric effect, but one of his most famous laws correctly accounted for an anomaly in the precession of Mercury. For 10 points, name this scientist who formulated the theories of relativity and is stated that E equals m c squared.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2392b5c61d154e6fb36cf64a5b171854",
            "input": "This composer collected a set of concertos dedicated to Vettor Delfino in his La Stravaganza. The Assyrian king Nebuchadnezzar sends Holofernes to seize the town of Bethulia in his only-surviving oratorio, Juditha triumphans. He wrote several compositions for the Ospedale della Pieta. Two violas in another of his works represent (*) barking dogs, and that set includes sections on singing cuckoos and a sleepy shepherd. Nicknamed \"The Red Priest,\" this composer wrote The Contest Between Harmony and Invention, which includes \"Spring\" and \"Winter\" concertos. For ten points, name this Italian Baroque composer of The Four Seasons.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb357dacdaf84a4ab2f7448e5ba1c3cb",
            "input": "Jude Jordan wrote the libretto for a work by this composer based on an earthquake, I Was Looking at the Ceiling and Then I Saw the Sky. The movement \"Negative Love\" was set to the words of John Donne, while \"Wild Nights\" and \"Because I could not stop for death\" were poems by Dickinson set to music in his Harmonium. He wrote a two-part, 24-aria opera-oratorio that quotes Gabriela Mistral and Martin Luther. He composed an homage to the September 11 victims with \"On the Transmigration of Souls,\" while another of his works sees the line \"We'll teach those motherfuckers how to dance,\" before the iconic foxtrot in the Chairman Dance. FTP, name this composer of Nixon in China.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04ddc555ac9f449ead83ca469ff85011",
            "input": "This equation can be generalized to a simplification of the Tafel equation when in the high overpotential region. That equation is called the Butler-Volmer equation; another generalization of this equation describes the equilibrium potential across a cell's membrane using all the ions that pass through and is named after [*] Goldman. In this equation, the ideal gas constant is multiplied by temperature and divided by the moles of electrons and the Faraday constant, and that ratio is multiplied by the natural log of Q. For 10 points, name this equation from electrochemistry which calculates the reduction potential of a cell, named after a German chemist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e7725f7b4dff46b594a1c6d3b24bfc1a",
            "input": "In the late Middle Ages, this country was home to the \"cutters,\" a proto-Protestant group, and the Judaizers, who preached that Christians should follow Old Testament codes. Recently, this country outlawed all evangelizing and publishing by the Jehovah's Witnesses. The issue of whether two or three fingers should be folded while making the sign of the cross led to thousands of deaths in this country during the Raskol era, when persecution of the Old Believers took place. Its later dissenting groups included the pacifistic \"spirit-wrestlers\" who fled to Canada. Patriarch Nikon was one of the most influential religious leaders in this country. For 10 points, the Dukhobors come from what country, which has historically claimed to be the protector of all the world's Orthodox Christians",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4673793d501645468795ccd720779042",
            "input": "In 1984, Alvin Ailey choreographed a work in memory of this musician \"with love\". This musician, whose early career involved collaboration with Jay McShann, borrowed the chord progression of \"Honeysuckle Rose\" for his \"Scrapple From The Apple\". During his lifetime, his best-selling album consisted of six standards including \"Just Friends\" and \"Summertime\" recorded with a string section; more influential, however, was his creation of a style known for its focus on improvisation and fast tempos. Known for \"Ko-Ko\", \"Anthropolgy\", \"Now's The Time\", and some groundbreaking collaborations with Dizzy Gillespie, for 10 points, name this heroin addict and founder of bebop, a jazz saxophonist commonly referred to as \"Bird\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb4435b8df4b435aba57a62aabc876f3",
            "input": "Acellular mesoglea are gelatin-like layers that separate the gastrodermis that line the gut in this phylum. This phylum may feature small ciliated swimming larvae called planula that are developed from the zygote in a class including members such as Oculina patagonica, whose bleaching is caused by Vibrio bacteria. That is the class Anthozoa. Another class has two body shapes, a polyp one that reproduces asexually and a medusa one that reproduces sexually. Name this phylum, for 10 points, which exhibits radial symmetry, possesses specialized stinging cells, and includes sea anemones and jellyfish.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2712023373704338a75854ca91b380b7",
            "input": "man angered Isabella de l'Anguileme when he named his brother as the Comte de Poitou. He won a battle against Henry III and the Comte de la Marche before negotiating a truce with Hugh of Lusignan at Taillebourg Bridge. John of Ibelin helped this man to push Fakhr ad-Din to Damietta in his most famous initiative, which later saw the arrival of Alfonso of Poitou at Cairo. He was captured at the Battle of Farsikur during a war that he fought alongside his brother, Robert of Artois. This son of Blanche of Castille and was the leader of the Seventh Crusade. For 10 points, name this ruler from 1226 to 1270, the only French king to be canonized.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-090823a7942d447899491e39f6d4a866",
            "input": "The youngest son of Tancred de Hauteville ruled as Count of this region, and his nephew Bohemund was a leader of the First Crusade. One city in this island used a giant mirror to burn Roman ships attacking it, and was ruled by Agathocles as well as Hiero I. The disinformation campaign Operation Mincemeat preceded an Allied invasion of this island that was codenamed Operation Husky. Alcibiades urged for a disastrous Athenian invasion of this island, whose local population massacred Charles of Anjou's officials in an event known as this island's namesake vespers. For 10 points, name this location of Syracuse and Palermo, the largest island in the Mediterranean.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b063fcd940b45ffae702f5a69574add",
            "input": "This philosopher argued that man is distinguished from other animals by his \"perfectibility\" and discussed the ill effects of the progression from non-destructive to destructive modes of \"self-love\" in one work. That work by this philosopher describes the true founder of civil society as the first man to fence in a piece of land and proclaim, \"this is mine.\" The most famous work of this author of Discourse on Inequality outlines a process in which humans give up their natural rights in favor of the general will, and begins with the line \"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.\" For 10 points, name this Swiss philosopher who wrote The Social Contract.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92f8cc535b7748aa87a4b187a8a4a6ce",
            "input": "The Act of Seclusion barred this man from holding office in one nation. Daniel Defoe wrote The True-Born Englishman in defense of this man. This man defeated much of his opposition with a victory at the Battle of the Boyne, and he agreed to the Bill of Rights. For 10 points, name this king of England who took power in the Glorious Revolution along with his wife Mary.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bdc43da65e84439399debe2bc19dcba2",
            "input": "This process produced the Clipperton zone and still occurs on both sides of the Gorda Ridges in the Mendocino zone. It began during the Jurassic period, and, according to the Vine-Matthews hypothesis, works against Earth's magnetic field by preserving remnants of previous magnetic polarities. The involvement of basaltic magma in this process is responsible for the characteristic \"zebra skin\" pattern of magnetism, and it creates the trenches which cause transform faults. The Benioff zones diverge from protrusions created by this process, which accounts for the lack of pre-Mesozoic minerals by constantly recycling material. For 10 points, name this process that occurs on the midocean ridge system and forms new crust.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38e893f621704442bde5b73a303f048a",
            "input": "In this novel, the young Spanish girl Mariequita acts as a foil to the main character who herself has two young sons named Etienne and Raoul. Doctor Mandelet is one of the few characters in the novel that suspects the main character of committing affairs, while Mademoiselle Reisz knows definitively that the main character has had affair with Robert Lebrun. The main character, the wife of Leonce, is also romanced by Alcee Arobin, the most. promiscuous man of Grand Isle, which eventually leads her to drowning herself in the Gulf of Mexico. Edna Pontellier breaks from the social constraints of females in the South in, for 10 points, what 1899 novel, the most famous by author Kate Chopin",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53f8617b3ee6468b873e27ceaa1d8c7b",
            "input": "majority opinion in this case notes that California's continual invocation of worthless remedies is \"buttressed by the experience of other States. \" The dissent alludes to \"untoward practical ramifications\" that would be had regarding the in forma pauperis cases that relied on the legal procedure invalidated by this case. The dissent also mentions that an inability to recognize the weight carried by stare decisis made it seem like the Court \"reached out\" to overturn (*) Wolf v. Colorado. This case saw Justice Clark note that \"Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws. \" The Boyd and Weeks decisions provided precedents for this case, which exemplified the \"fruit of the poisonous tree\" doctrine with regards to a trunk of pornographic materials. For 10 points, identify this case which ruled that the exclusionary rule made evidence taken by the Cleveland police inadmissible in court.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ab2e3b1e0994c96bd775addc2baa5cb",
            "input": "The writings of Bridget of Sweden were the major source for this painting, which was commissioned by to illustrate the wings carved by Niclaus Hagnower. Now found in the Unterlinden museum in Colmar, France, it includes the Concert of Angels and the (*) Temptation of St. Anthony, the patron of the monastery where it was created. For 10 points name this Matthias Grnewald-painted altarpiece.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-052be674114c41b5b411402e91a71973",
            "input": "Bounds for the largest coclique of an undirected, simple, loopless graph on n vertices can be found due to the interlacing of these quantities. These quantities are lowest when the Rayleigh quotient is minimized. Bounds on these quantities can be obtained using the minimax theorem of Courant and Fisher. These quantities lie in the union of closed discs in the complex plane according to a theorem of Gersgorin. Schur showed that they majorize the diagonal elements of a Hermitian matrix. If A and B are m by n and n by m complex matrices, then AB and BA have the same nonzero value for this quantity, counting multiplicity, and, as a consequence, their traces are equal. These quantities are the zeros of the characteristic polynomial. For 10 points, identify these quantities that scale an eigenvector.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e3bb59076cf459ba91ec89a73a3b53d",
            "input": "The elimination mechanism by which the dehydration of its major product occurs necessarily involves the abstraction of an acidic hydrogen and displacement of the leaving group. The catalyst in this reaction itself is regenerated from the deprotonation of water in its final step, which results in the conversion of its intermediate, an alkoxide. An aldehyde or ketone had originally undergone a nucleophilic-addition-type process to produce that alkoxide, which had converted it from a nucleophilic enolate using a hydroxide ion catalyst. Producing a final product known as a beta-hydroxyaldehyde, FTP, name this condensation reaction whose name combines that of its two final products.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-957cd213597c4a7abc1f357ead172121",
            "input": "It was the dominant phylum in the late Precambrian period. Creatures in it phylum have bodies consisting of an internal gastrovascular cavity, a soft, pliable middle body layer known as the mesoglea, and an external dermis. Its members often live in two phases, a sessile, asexual polyp and a free-moving, sexual medusa. FTP, name this phylum that includes hydra and jellyfish.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b352b4e31752486281a61c68fea89f33",
            "input": "His first collection, \"The Seashell Game\", demonstrated his masterful use of the \"loneliness ideal\". He grew up as a companion of lord Todo Yoshitada at Ueno Castle, but has a name meaning banana-plant hut. After studying under Kitamura Kigin, he published works like A Visit to Kashima Shrine and The Records of a Weather Exposed Skeleton describing his many travels. FTP, identify this 17th century writer best known for mastering the haiku form.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3de3a4b7cc840f69959f87f1b41e64d",
            "input": "Near the end of this battle, Burnside crossed his namesake lower bridge to threaten to cut off retreat, but was repulsed by A.P. Hill's forces. During this battle, D.H. Hill defended a sunken road that became known as the \"\"Bloody Lane. \"\" General McClellan failed to seize the chance to pursue Lee, but Lincoln still counted it as the victory necessary to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. For 10 points, name this 1862 Civil War battle that was the bloodiest day of battle on American soil.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5aa4c2e26f644059bca9dd86b5b44af",
            "input": "In magnetic physics, this term is used to describe a magnet with frustrated interactions in which ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states are distributed randomly. In addition to describing that kind of \"glass,\" this word names a number that can be found for an arbitrary direction z by multiplying m-sub-s by the reduced Planck constant. This word also names a property whose interaction with orbital effects gives rise to fine structure splitting. This word names a quantized property of particles that was first discovered in the Stern-Gerlach experiment. For 10 points, identify this word that names the intrinsic angular momentum of particles, such as half-integer values for fermions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f0c7b601d194ddabb1c0ea1563200a9",
            "input": "The basin of this body of water is home to the Great Barsuki Desert to the northwest and the islands Barsa Kilmess and Nicholas I, while the city of Muynoq is located on its southern shore. One of the world's largest areas for anthrax deposits, Kantubek, is located on this body of water, and is a town on its Vozrozhdeniya Island. The subject of the Kokaral Dike public works project, it is bordered by the provinces of Aktobe, Kyzylorda, and Karakalpakstan. Located northwest of the Kyzyl Kum desert, it is fed by the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers, and the Karakum Canal is thought to be a possible cause for this body of water's severe problems. For 10 points, name this body of water located between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, a central Asian lake which has undergone massive shrinkage.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-68712d7d6c564376b885542bc8d5fe77",
            "input": "This artist stated that young painters must learn to draw exactly from given models and emulate the \"scrupulous exactness\" of Raphael and Caracci, as well as attain \"mechanical dexterity. \" One of his works depicts the man who engraved The Miracles of the Manna in three-quarters pose, while another works shows a member of the Cherokee wearing a silver gorget. Besides those portraits of Francesco Bartolozzi and Scyacust Ukah. he satirized Holbein's portrait of Henry VIII by placing the same clothes on the diminutive (*) Mr. Crewe, while another painting depicts a pile of game next to Lord Sydney and Colonel Acland. Besides painting The Archers, this man is known for his Seven Discourses on Art. For 10 points, name this rival of Gainsborough, the first president of the Royal Academy of Arts.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b410f959f6854df78e1851818a399194",
            "input": "Sejanus His Fall is one of two surviving tragedies by this author. John Littlewit and his wife Win-the-Fight Littlewit attend the title event of one of this author's plays. In another play, Mosca is the servant of the deceitful title character. The line \"\"Drink to me only with thine eyes\"\" is found in his poem \"\"To Celia. \"\" This author of Bartholomew Fair wrote a play in which Face and Subtle con people out of their money. For 10 points, name this British author of the plays Volpone and The Alchemist.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fafc65470ed149bcaa62a67a95fac373",
            "input": "This country is separated from its western neighbor by the Tornio River. After its city of Turku was devastated by a fire, the national university moved to this country's current capital, which was renovated by Carl Ludwig Engel. Its capital also contains Senate Square and the offshore fortress of (*) Suomenlinna. Lake Saimaa is located in this country, which controls the Aland Islands at the mouth of the Gulf of Bothnia. A nearby country's city of Tallinn lies across this country's namesake gulf from its capital, which is the northernmost in continental Europe. For ten points, identify this country with capital at Helsinki.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6371373843ba4a069527c87eee7c026f",
            "input": "One character in this work meets a Moorish boy in Toledo, who sells him a manuscript written by Cide Hamete Benengel, and that character had earlier dedicated a work to the count of Benalcazar and Banares. In one scene of this work, Leonela discovers that Lothario and Camilla are having an affair after Camilla's husband Anselmo tells Lothario to seduce her and gives him four thousand crowns. Another character in this work writes the lines, \"And now I die, and since there is no hope of happiness for me in life or death, still to my fantasy I'll fondly cling\" after dying of a broken heart over the shepherdess Marcela. At the funeral of that character, Chrysostom, one character appears who had earlier been attacked by a lady's attendant and had his ear-wound healed by a shepherd, after having promised his squire the governorship of an island. For 10 pointsname this work, in which the the title character is in love with Dulcinea and has a squire named Sancho Panza, a novel by Miguel Cervantes.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2efd1896624e4eaf82ad603ddba88707",
            "input": "William Priestly aided this man in his plans for the Resor house, and this architect also created what was then Canada's tallest building, the Toronto-Dominion Centre. His plans to build a home for a Chicago kidney specialist were preceded by the construction of a pavilion consisting of a raised terrace and eight cruciform columns for the Barcelona Exhibition. In addition to the Farnsworth House in Plano, he co-produced a skyscraper on Park Avenue for a distilling company and was the last director of the Bauhaus. For 10 points, name this German architect whose collaboration with Philip Johnson produced the Seagram building, known for the adage that \"less is more. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-68bc33799ada414aaba1b939d898b91c",
            "input": "Like Erik Erikson, this psychologist saw childhood as divided into periods separated by crises, though this psychologist used age rather than ideas as a basis. That idea, found in his The Problem of Age, succeeded another which described consciousness as based on reflex. In a more well-known theory, this psychologist described how children merely think out loud, while adults utilize an extremely complex mental speech in his discussion of what he termed internal language. This psychologist also developed a model which assists the development of childhood skill by giving tasks that are within the zone of proximal development. For 10 points, name this author of Thought and Language, a Russian psychologist.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec19cf2607f341d8b82763000579aa8e",
            "input": "This character dreams about a mountain falling on him, and he then dreams about an earthquake   followed by lightning that burns everything. Before that, this character tells his mother about separate  dreams in which he falls in love with a meteor and an axe. In the Cedar Forest, this man is aided   by the sun god Shamash in killing the giant Humbaba, and he receives advice from one of the few  survivors of the Great Flood, Utnapishtim. This man slays the Bull of Heaven after rejecting Ishtar's  marriage proposal, and he mistakenly kills his friend Enkidu. Name this king of Uruk, the title  character of a Sumerian epic.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69af66b99339431b8cda79212ba973de",
            "input": "After he rose to power, this man was abandoned by the tenentes, and his reign saw the rise of the \"integralist\" movement. This man called himself the \"father of the poor. \" He staged a coup against Washington Luis after which he established the short-lived constitution of 1934, and he was blamed for the assassination attempt on Carlos Lacerda, which prompted him to commit suicide in 1954. This man's first rule ended with a coup by Gaspar Dutra, and as a part of the \"Cohen Plan\" he established the Estado Novo. For 10 points, identify this president and long-time dictator of Brazil.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d522564061d343a7bda9cad75d0f8304",
            "input": "One of sect of this school of thought emphasizes the shikantaza practice, and one important practice in this school of thought is kensho. Its branches include Obaku, while another of its branches was founded by Dogen. Texts important to this religion include the Blue Cliff Record and The Gateless Gate, and its origin can be traced back to the Flower Sermon. Its Soto and Rinzai sects differ on the emphasis over meditation on koans. For 10 points, name this branch of Mahayana Buddhism commonly practiced in Japan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a69d1cb7b41d466bb1f8b3a278d34a24",
            "input": "Many excerpts from this man's diaries were published as A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term in 1967. He claimed that societal institutions fulfill basic human needs in A Scientific Theory of Culture. Two of his works deal with Sex and Repression and Crime and Custom in \"savage society. \" He wrote the foreward to his London School of Economics pupil Jomo Kenyatta's Facing Mount Kenya. Several of his works, such as Magic, Science, and Religion and Coral Gardens and Their Magic, stem from fieldwork in the Trobriand Islands. FTP, name this author of Argonauts of the Western Pacific, a Polish anthropologist.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ac232e1b3874edd91fa75b5f25bda84",
            "input": "This author tells of a politician J.J.J. who drives the title car in his story The Mercedes Funeral, while a barmaid with the Christian name Beatrice uses a skin-lightening cream called Ambi and steals from a lorry driver in Minutes of Glory  both stories are collected in Secret Lives. A play by this writer ends with Thoni committing suicide after being rejected by her would-be love Remi, an educated man who decides to return to his village from the city. That work is The Black Hermit, while another work revolves around preparations for celebration of Uhuru and the betrayal of Kihika after he shoots the District Officer Tom Robson. The author of the influential piece Decolonizing the Mind, his recent satire Wizard of the Crow comes after a hiatus when he wrote mainly in Gikuyu. FTP, name this author of A Grain of Wheat and Petals of Blood.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4921c0b1bd7f4b4e828a9a8e41a64b08",
            "input": "A compound containing a heteroatom of this element reacts with DFP in a one-step synthesis of sarin gas. Reagents containing this element that can oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes include DMP and IBX, which reacts through a \"hypervalent twisting\" mechanism. In two similar reactions employing silver salts, a cyclic cation of this element is opened by nucleophilic attack to synthesize vicinal diols. Under basic conditions, a yellow solid containing three atoms of this element will precipitate after three successive (*) enolizations, giving a positive result in a test for methyl ketones. The Prevost and Woodward hydroxylations employ the diatomic form of this element, which is a common indicator for starch. This element's radical substitution is too endothermic to halogenate alkanes. For 10 points, name this sublimation-prone element found on the periodic table below bromine.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2295b610729547aa96e57405aa644212",
            "input": "This German author argued that man had outgrown need for the Bible in the 1788 deist manifesto The Education of The Human Race. The author of such comedies as The Misogynist and Minna von Barnhelm, his most famous play, set during the reign of Saladin, includes the famous \"parable of the three rings,\" a declaration of religious tolerance as explained by a wealthy Jewish merchant. FTP, name the German author of the critical work Laokoon and the play Nathan the Wise.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-136c7d0788eb438ba4dc019b4b0cb116",
            "input": "He expressed his scientific instrumentalism with a tract on mechanics in De Motu. He defended Christianity against the anti-Anglican \"free-thinkers\" in Alciphron, and he later extolled the virtues of tar water before moving on to contemplate God in Siris. In his first major work, he explored ideas such as minimum visibles and tangibles as they related to perception. After A New Essay Towards a Theory of Vision, his next two works laid out his views against abstraction, particularly that of Locke, and against materialism, holding that \"to be is to be perceived. \" Author of Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonus and A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, FTP name this Irish bishop and philosopher whose writings inspired the naming of the hometown of the University of California's flagship campus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-abed56430d5b479fbeb8c43e38b2de2e",
            "input": "As the daughter of the king of Vidarbha, this figure's marriage was opposed by her brother who had been a friend of Kamsa, although that did not prevent her from becoming queen of Dwarka. In that form she was the mother of Pradyumna and was known as Rukmini. In the story of her birth as Kamala or Padma, she is generally depicted rising from the water on a certain plant. She is said to be one of the fourteen precious things to come from the churning of the milk ocean. In another form she was born from a furrow in a plowed field and was faithful to her husband while imprisoned on Lanka, even though she is often called the \"fickle goddess.\" In that form, she was Sita, the wife of Ramachandra. For 10 points, name this golden-skinned Hindu goddess, the epitome of female beauty, best known as the consort of Vishnu and the goddess of good fortune.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-724983ca45c046aba61ba0b19d1a5e8f",
            "input": "This state was home to Lonnie Smith, a black man who successfully sued for the ability to vote in the Democratic primary. Another Supreme Court case held that this state's anti-sodomy law was invalid and overturned Bowers v. Hardwick. In addition to the Lawrence case, this state was also home to the 1984 Republican National Convention at which Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag. For 10 points, Henry Wade, sued by \"\"Jane Roe\"\" over this state's anti-abortion law, was the Dallas County District Attorney in what state",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1837340a71f41e5b9cf128c7e0b4c8f",
            "input": "One character in this novel is a talented pianist named Mademoiselle Reisz, a solitary woman who is contrasted with the character of Adele. Alcee Arobin courts this novel's protagonist after her other love interest moves to Mexico. That love interest, Robert Lebrun, is contrasted with the stern Leonce, the husband of this novel's protagonist. Ultimately, this novel's protagonist drowns herself in the Gulf of Mexico. For 10 points, name this novel about Edna Pontellier, written by Kate Chopin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-15405c002dbd4287af33870500cc9072",
            "input": "This artist penned the influential text An Analysis of Beauty, which includes his argument for the perfect ogee-curve. One of his self-portraits includes his dog Trump, and his other works include Good Samaritan and The Fool of Bethesda. In his time, he was a sought-after portrait painter, producing notable portraits of Capt. Thomas Coram and David Garrick. He created sets which included characters such as Moll Hackabout and Dr. Misaubin, and some of his most famous pieces are Beer Street  and Gin Lane. FTP, name this British artist best known for the series A Harlot's Progress and A Rake's Progress",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f433490c4c524e4292b750c84b7c7b15",
            "input": "This man painted several children surrounding a man in white playing a guitar in his work Gilles and His Family. This painter depicted several couples together outside under a statue of a Venus and Cupid in his work The Festival of Love, while he contrasted two styles in his paintings The French Comedy and The Italian Comedy. This painter of Two Cousins also depicted a man in a colorful suit holding his hands near his head while burying his head in the chest of a delighted woman in a large yellow dress in his painting Do You Want to Have Success With Women This artist notably depicted a group of people on a hill overlooking a river, some traveling toward and some traveling away from the viewer. For ten points, identify this painter of Embarkation for Cythera, a French Rococo painter.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f423f5475314b58805bba07d6d9709f",
            "input": "The last section of this work talks about the monistic and pluralistic ways of reading Whitmans poem To You, and earlier its author asserts that there are two types of people: tender-minded and tough-minded. The second section of this work discusses a man chasing a squirrel around a tree and posits the question Does the Man go round the squirrel or not Subtitled A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking this work was published after its authors previous works (*) Varieties of Religious Experience and Principles of Psychology. FTP, identify this work, which names the philosophical movement led by C. S. Peirce and John Dewey, written by William James.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5525680ffe034333be994d1de063a6ad",
            "input": "A quote from this play about committing fornication that ends \"the wench is dead\" is used as the epigraph for T.S. Eliot's \"The Portrait of a Lady. \"  \"Laws were then most sure/When, like the Draco's, they were writ in blood,\" claims a character in this work, whose name is fittingly Machiavel. The title character sends a slave named Ithamore to kill all of the nuns in a nunnery, including his daughter Abagail, but eventually dies when he falls into his own boiling cauldron. For 10 points, name this work that may have inspired The Merchant of Venice, a play about the life of a Semite named Barabas by Christopher Marlowe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d379de59aebd4f8e976e6e51a0d1f23a",
            "input": "Herbert M. Hoxie was the only bidder for work this entity was incorporated to undertake and hence in name received the contract. Moxie turned the contract over to Thomas Durant, who ensured that the company's liability to investors would extend only as far as their investment, not their personal wealth, a first in US history. The company paid itself to provide construction materials, starting work by adding a useless nine-mile oxbow to its first track section to increase profits. The scandal was uncovered in letters sent to Henry McComb by the man who ousted Durant from the company's board, letters implicating Henry Wilson and Schuyler Colfax. FTP what was this finance and construction company created to supply the Union and Central Pacific Railroads, most famously led by congressman Oakes Ames",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71f04c45a9df4a329c3f25d707e531c6",
            "input": "This man argued that the state of being sick must follow four sets of social rules in The Social System. He theorized that a society must progress through adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency in order to survive in its environment in Economy and Society and further developed the AGIL paradigm in The American University. He supported the cause to unite all social sciences with one overarching theoretical framework, grand theory, and crafted a social theory that states that society consists of smaller parts that each play their own role. For 10 points, identify this sociologist, author of The Structure of Social Action, best known for founding structural functionalism. [thats right, the entire question is in power]",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6d249a034c34888b6c105e2a6a47821",
            "input": "An early footnote in this book explains the novel use of the term \"central tradition. \" Originally titled \"Why the Poor are Poor,\" it sets out to prove that scarcity is no longer an appropriate organizing principle. Most of its chapter headings indicate a concept attacked within, such as \"The Tradition of Despair,\" \"The Marxian Pall,\" and \"The Concept of the Conventional Wisdom. \" Criticizing the emphasis on full employment, it calls for a shift in spending to public works programs and away from consumer goods. FTP, name this 1958 book questioning American resource allocation, by John Kenneth Galbraith.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b799fa5988c43b2aca6d0552756ce22",
            "input": "In the Peng-Robinson equation, the departure function for this quantity is equal to R times critical temperature times a function of the compressibility factor. The change in this quantity is divided by negative 2kt in the exponential of the expression giving the density of Schottky defects in a crystal. Both this quantity and the mass flow rate are held constant along a Fanno line. When a gas is forced through an insulated, porus plug, this quantity is held constant. For an ideal solution, the (*) change in this quantity upon solvation is zero. This quantity, which is held constant during a Joule-Thomson process, is equal to the internal energy plus pressure times volume. The fact that this quantity is a state function leads to Hess' Law. The change in this quantity determines whether a reaction is endo or exothermic. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized H.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b641fe946377416ea8e518ebbef2f125",
            "input": "Iannis Xenakis used eight so-called \"sound complexes\" in a solo work for this instrument called Nomos Alpha. Six beats on the body of these instruments begin the main theme in Arvo Part's orchestration of Fratres for twelve of them. An ensemble consisting entirely of these instruments was founded in the 1970s by twelve members of the Berlin Philharmonic. The first of Villa-Lobos's Bachianas Brasileiras was composed for (*) eight of these instruments, while Jacqueline du Pre popularized Edward Elgar's concerto for it. J.S. Bach's six unaccompanied suites for this instrument were famously recorded by both Mstislav Rostropovich and Pablo Casals. For 10 points, name this instrument played by Yo-Yo Ma which joins two violins and a viola in a string quartet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74f0f49aff3a43c1b079632dad8b266a",
            "input": "This work borrows from the Gnostic concept of Aeons when it equates concentric heavenly spheres with angels, and it also states that using anthropomorphic language to describe God is heretical, leading to a notion of negative theology. This work also assigns 13 levels of prophecy, with Moses at the top. Its final section talks about the teaching of the mystical passage of Ezekiel's chariot, and explains away the problem of evil by stating most evils are created by men themselves. Written as a three-volume letter, this work also divides the 613 mitzvot into 14 sections, similar to the author's treatise on the Mishneh. Written in Arabic and translated into Hebrew by Ibn Tibbon, for 10 points, name this work of medieval philosophy, a tract on Jewish law by Maimonides.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-627dda133095456fa022c336fb52a7bb",
            "input": "In one work by this author, a line of horsemen in the far distance ride along a ground formed from layers of various colors. This artist of Red Cavalry Riding depicted a man holding an ace of clubs who is partially obscured by a white fish in his The Aviator. This man showed the title figures foot simultaneously depressing a pedal to three separate depths in his The Knife Grinder, exemplary of the period during which he exhibited with the group Jack of Diamonds. This author of The Nonobjective World collaborated with Vladimir Mayakovsky on the manifesto for a group that emphasized the importance of feeling in art and thus concentrated on simple geometric shapes. For 10 points, name this painter of Black Square and the White on White series, the Russian founder of Suprematism.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80a0f6cfcd84476f92a017497261ea9e",
            "input": "In this play's first scene, one character notes that a woman is watering \"once a day her chamber round / With eye-offending brine\" to \"season a brother's dead love. \"  Later, Fabian is excited about the chance to get revenge on a \"rascally sheep-biter\" who had caused him trouble over a bear-baiting. In the final act, one character notes that the \"whirligig of time brings in his revenges\" before someone who has been falsely imprisoned promises to be \"revenged on the whole pack of you,\" and the play ends with a song whose refrain is \"For the rain it raineth every day. \"  The opening line \"If music be the food of love, play on,\" is spoken by the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. FTP, name this play featuring Sebastian and Viola.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2327561aae104a15a45069f179800c58",
            "input": "These compounds can be formed in the McFadyen-Stevens reaction from the decomposition of acyl-sulfonyl-hydrazides, while asymmetric ones are formed in the Meyers synthesis from the hydrolysis of an oxazine. Reactions in which their defining functional group is introduced, such as the Sommelet reaction that uses water and hexamine, are known as formylation reactions. They can also be formed in the Rosemund reduction of an acid chloride or through oxidation of a primary alcohol. For 10 points, name these compounds detected via the formation of a silver mirror in the Tollens test, defined by the presence of a terminal carbonyl group.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a763822d4a54f7a8bb38e8ef40655c1",
            "input": "The Corey-Bakshi-Shibata catalyst contains a toluene molecule bound to one of these atoms, and the reducing agent L-selectride contains lithium and this element. Acids of this element react with alkyl halides in the Suzuki coupling, and complexes of this element adopt closo, nido, and arachno configurations according to Wade's rules. 9-BBN contains this element, and another reaction that uses it was developed by Herbert Brown and is a counterpart to oxymercuration that violates Markovnikov's rule. FTP, name this electron deficient element whose sodium hydride is a common reducing agent, with atomic number 5 and symbol B.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-72b28dc5a57f4bf8af5fa6be375e5e4c",
            "input": "This artist executed the Blue series for the Centre Pompidou and Personages and Birds for the Wichita State Art Museum, while a stuffed parrot sits on top of his sculpture simply called Object. A Jan Steen painting influenced the second entry in his Dutch Interiors series, and he created the ceramic murals Wall of the Sun and Wall of the Moon for the UNESCO building. A blackberry jam stain became his Birth of the World, and another work features the multi-colored title animal below the multi-colored title celestial object. For 10 points, name this artist of Dog Barking at the Moon and Harlequin's Carnival, a Catalan surrealist.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b97e2c232f4b4b71a830f5dc32875fad",
            "input": "He staged a sea battle on the Fucine Lake with the silver Triton rising from the center to start the fight, added a Procurator of the Tiber Bank to the senatorial commission charged with preventing flooding, and completed the Anio Novus by bringing it over the Praenestine Gate. He gave clemency to Caractacus, who lived out the rest of his life in Rome after being part of the victory that gave his son his name. That son was with (*) Messalina, but was murdered after this man's successor and son-in-law by marriage, Nero, took the throne. For 10 points, name this emperor who oversaw the conquest of Britain and was likely poisoned by his niece and wife, Agrippina.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f5f8f4c2b464565b15e738b441811bb",
            "input": "The turning point in this battle came with Hasbrouck's defense of St. Vith and McAuliffe's holding of the vital communications center at Bastogne. It began when German forces broke through a portion of the Allied line with a surprise attack on the \"Ghost Front\", and was intended to take Antwerp. Despite bad weather that kept Allied air forces grounded early in the fighting, the German forces were soon repulsed. Also known as the * Ardennes Campaign, FTP, what was this last major German offensive of WWII",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1666647a77a24c218fa667333d0c51fe",
            "input": "In the 1950's he spent several years working with etchings and lithographs and followed up by creating ceramic murals of which the most famous were the Wall of the Moon and the Wall of the Sun for the UNESCO building in Paris. The sea change in his career took place in 1920 when he moved to Paris, met Picasso, and left his native folk art behind to create such distorted works as Chiffres et Constellations, Dutch Interior, The Tilled Field and Personage Throwing a Stone at a Bird. Perhaps best known for Harlequin's Carnival, Head and Bird and Catalan Landscape, FTP, name this Spanish surrealist.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aabeedd89cae4b7a8125e06cb31485ff",
            "input": "One opera which this man composed and wrote the libretto for now exists only in rival orchestrations by Gunther Schuller , T. J. Anderson, and William Bolcom. That opera by this composer concludes with the dance \"A Real Slow Drag,\" after Remus rescues the title character from the \"conjur men. \" That character is the adopted daughter of Ned who is named for the place where she was found near a plantation in Arkansas. He also composed an opera about a 1902 dinner at the White House, A Guest of Honor, which, like his final dramatic work, If, is now lost. His first credited compositions were \"Please Say You Will\" and \"A Picture of Her Face,\" which he followed with the \"The Strenuous Life,\" \"The Easy Winners,\" \"The Chrysanthemum, and the previously described opera Treemonisha. FTP, name this composer of \"The Cascades,\" \"The Entertainer,\" and \"Maple Leaf Rag,\" who was the pre-eminent ragtime piano writer.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e462fbc1eab648a9a7f90f7e0cebf905",
            "input": "His first novel was burned at the Leoncio Prado Military School, which served as its setting. His essays include criticisms of Flaubert, Sartre, and Camus and the 1971 work Garcia Marquez: Story of a God-Killer. The jungle of his native country is the setting of his novel The Green House, and an accidentally castrated adolescent is portrayed in his short story \"The Cubs. \"  Other novels by this author include Captain Pantoja and the Special Service and Conversation in the Cathedral. FTP, identify this author of The Time of the Hero and Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, who ran unsuccessfully for the presidency of Peru.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae2ca427bad243c1b9ffc2502fc541b4",
            "input": "Gower and Portland are embryonic types of this molecule and the Bart form results in its namesake H disease, which is a type of thalassemia. The change between its tense and relaxed structure results from a 15 degree rotation between its two alpha-beta dimers. Its ability to neutralize hydrogen ions is described by the Haldane effect, while the impact of pH on it is described by the Bohr effect. Impacted by 2,3-DPG, a variant of this protein has a valine substituted for a glutamic acid. For 10 points, name this iron-containing component of red blood cells that carry oxygen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65f371050cd7476f8470ae8ae7b2d31b",
            "input": "For works like 1905's Knowledge and Misunderstanding, this thinker became one of the founders of a realistic philosophy known as Empiriokritizismus. His main works, translated as The Analysis of Sensations and The Science of Mechanics, have led many to call him the father of logical positivism, and he greatly influenced Einstein with his principle stating that a body can have no inertia in a universe devoid of other mass. FTP, who was this Austrian philosopher for whom the ratio of an object's speed to the speed of sound is named",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7d1a3edaf264004bd3fbf9a46f3074d",
            "input": "This city was the base for a project that sent photographers across its country to capture its landmarks; that project was called the Heliographic Mission. A man with a striped hat sulks and looks away from a woman smoking in a photograph set in a bar in this city, Brassai's Lovers' Quarrel. Berenice Abbott championed a man who documented this city; his photographs of it include one of a display of corsets in a store window and another showing a crowd looking up at an eclipse. One picture set in this city shows a man in mid-stride about to hit the wet ground which reflects his image, an example of its photographer's (*) \"decisive moments.\" Charles Marville and Eugene Atget extensively photographed this city before and after Baron Haussman's modernization of it. For 10 points, name this city, the setting of an Henri Cartier-Bresson landscape that includes the Eiffel Tower.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2784d77a22af4c5ea941cc595faad844",
            "input": "\"The Immediate Erotic Stages or the Musical Erotic,\" \"The Validity of Marriage,\" \"Diapsalmata,\" \"Crop Rotation,\" and \"Shadowgraphs,\" are included in this study whose first volume identifies its title term as the \"aesthetic\" phase of existence, while the second volume and corresponding title word refers to the \"ethical\" phase of existence. These antagonistic phases are in turn superseded by the final or \"religious\" mode, based on man's decision to enter into a personal relation with God. FTP, identify this 1843 masterpiece best known for the section, \"The Seducer's Diary,\" the first major work of Soren Kierkegaard",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0402361ac7c44c4ae1a681dd77f0c37",
            "input": "This poet instructed readers to \"\"approach thy grave\"\" like one who \"\"lies down to pleasant dreams\"\" in a poem that admonishes \"\"go not like the quarry slave at night. \"\" Another poem by this author describes a bird that pursues its \"\"solitary way. \"\" This longtime editor of the New York Evening Post wrote a poem titled after the Greek for \"\"meditation on death. \"\" For 10 points, name this early American poet who wrote \"\"To a Waterfowl\"\" and \"\"Thanatopsis. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b6d23b0413504c148d9cc87b730f3ede",
            "input": "Early on in his career, this man devised a plan to march peasants to free Frederick William IV. He joined the von Gerlach brothers and began publishing conservative views through their newspaper. Rudolph von Delbruck, a minister appointed by him later, resigned when he shifted his policies, as did the minister of worship Falk. However, his lasting impact in domestic policy was through the enactment of Kulturkampf, where he banned Jesuits from the nation. The Franco-Prussian war was triggered by the edited version of Ems telegram, for 10 points, generated by what first chancellor of unified Germany",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c9dab9146e634d628581b8d4e1b8e5f2",
            "input": "A depiction of this scene by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (boo-ger-OH) shows two men blowing conch shells. A better known depiction of this scene features flowers floating through the air while a man produces wind from his mouth. That depiction also features a woman handing a (*) pink cloak to the main figure, who stands nude on a conch shell. Sandro Botticelli painted a well known version of, for 10 points, what mythological scene which shows the conception of a certain Roman goddess",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f070d4e5bac14535950f1b88d72c2aca",
            "input": "One of this man's works says that the speaker will \"luve thee still, my dear, / While the sands o' life shall run,\" and another work opens questioning \"Is there for honest Poverty. \" The speaker of one of his poems stops to observe Alloway Kirk bathed in light, where he watches several witches performing an erotic dance in front of the church, and exclaims \"Weel done, Cutty Sark!,\" Tam O' Shanter. One of his poems is dedicated to an \"ugly, creepin, blastit wonner,\" while another talks about \"The best-laid schemes o' mice an' men\" that often go awry. Another of this man's poems begins \"Should auld acquaintance be forgot / and never brought to mind. \" FTP, name this poet of To a Louse, To a Mouse, and Auld Lang Syne.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed0ca32eb7664cf8a44cb6190704aa51",
            "input": "The reversible derivatization of these compounds and separation of their functionalized intermediates is the Bingel-retro strategy. Their crystals can undergo exohedral (*) alkali-metal doping and when they enclose metal atoms they are endohedral. They can form from laser vaporization of graphite rods and often consist of pentagons and hexagons forming cages and planar sheets such as graphene. For 10 points, name this family of carbon allotropes that include nanotubes and buckyballs.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab4ab7292aa54ccb9436e042446f1a8d",
            "input": "moving to Akka, Bah'u'llh lived in exile in this city for five years. After winning at Versinikia, the Bulgarian emperor Krum began a siege of this city in 813. After a 1365 victory at this city, Murad I moved his capital from Bursa to it. Another battle here inspired Filippo Marinetti's poem \"Zang Tumb Tumb\" and was a major victory for Nikola Ivano, who sacked this city after several night attacks when it was named Edirne. A 1205 battle at this location saw Kaloyan, aided by the Cumans, destroy a Crusader army under Louis of Blois and Emperor Baldwin. Another battle at this location saw the cavalry of Fritigern arrive in time to blunt an attack on a wagon circle. For 10 points, identify this location where the army of Valens was destroyed by the invading Goths in 378 AD.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3933532957f40cc85f17affd1ef2136",
            "input": "One character in this story has a \"cow to pluck\" with the protagonist over his semi-anonymous newspaper column, and the protagonist begs out of a trip to his wife's homeland because of a cycling trip to France, Belgium, or Germany. Miss Ivors calls the protagonist a \"West Briton\" during a dance, and he questions whether he should quote Shakespeare instead of Robert Browning. This story is set during the Misses Morkan's annual dance, where aunts Kate and Julia host a Christmas party and the protagonist gives a dinner speech. FTP, name this story in which the faintly falling snow calls up memories of Gretta's first love Michael Furey, a work featuring Gabriel Conroy that is the last story in James Joyce's Dubliners.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-395dc715b4ca4860a44841b5e62f5e9e",
            "input": "One of this author's works tells his child that is \"cradled by my side\" that he \"shalt wander like a breeze\" and that \"all seasons shall be sweet to thee.\" Another of his works exclaims \"Joy, Lady! is the spirit and the power\" after he is unable to \"see, not feel how beautiful they are.\" This author of \"Frost at Midnight\" and \"Dejection: An Ode\" wrote a more famous work which mentions (*) \"Alph, the sacred river\" flowing \"Through caverns measureless to man.\" That work begins with an order for \"A Stately Pleasure-Dome\", while another work by this poet cries \"Water, water, everywhere, Nor any drop to drink,\" after the speaker kills an albatross. For ten points, name this English poet of \"Kubla Khan\" and \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0205cd4770de47a2967066a2eac388d0",
            "input": "At the center of active galactic nuclei, such as Quasars, the supermassive type of this phenomenon may occur. The primordial variety, as proposed by Stephen Hawking, is also known as the mini- type and may emit some radiation, now named for that scientist, out of the event horizon. FTP, name these astronomical entities whose color refers to gravitys ability to suppress all forms of radiation within one.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-934e2a8a148348dd84f89ee05521eedc",
            "input": "One person who was a part of this agreement had earlier been excommunicated by Innocent III. That excommunication given seven years before this agreement was prompted by the appointment of Stephen Langton to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. Langton led one group in getting this document figured out. That group that pushed for the creation of this document was made up of English barons. For 10 points, name this document that made explicit certain liberties held by the English people, and which was signed by John in Runnymede in 1215.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5aa3ae1f0f964872a4535f3d24c6d109",
            "input": "This man wrote a story in which one character becomes a loan shark in hope of gaining Captain Kidd's treasure from a swamp, and in one of his stories two characters vie for the hand of Katrina Van Tassel. Many of this man's stories are collected in The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, and he wrote one story about a man who plays nine-pins with ghosts in the Catskills before falling asleep for twenty years. The author of a story in which Brom Bones impersonates a dead Hessian to scare schoolmaster Ichabod Crane, for 10 points, name this author of \"Rip van Winkle\" who wrote about the \"headless horseman\" in \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ce701ec7c47441a958691419cac715e",
            "input": "Power lost due to a variation in this quantity is proportional to its peak value squared times frequency squared, all over resistivity, density, and a constant that is 1 for sheets and 2 for wires. This quantity causes a combination of circular motion and guiding center drift, and can be measured at low values via a device with parallel Josephson junctions, known as SQUIDs. Type I and II superconductors differ in the number of critical values for this quantity, which is crossed with the velocity in the Lorentz force and is given by a line integral in the Biot-Savart Law. This quantity, which has zero divergence and is the curl of the vector potential, is expelled from superconductors in the Meissner effect. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in teslas, whose lines run from north to south poles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1329e2c7088b42f29335f55a41c7fcf8",
            "input": "In this opera, \"Tu che di gel sei cinta\" and \"Signore, ascolta! \" are two arias sung by one female character; the male lead responds to the latter by urging \"Non piangere. \" The other female lead's major aria, which recalls the abduction of her ancestress, is called \"In questa reggia. \" The emperor Altoum tries to dissuade the male protagonist from trying to answer three riddles, as does the slave girl Liu, but Calaf is determined to win the hand of the title character, later singing the famous \"Nessun dorma\" in triumph. FTP, identify this Puccini opera named after a Chinese princess.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-85e6612eb1ed48ce9c774b18a79ed071",
            "input": "Motivated by an account of a family dying when the seal on their refrigerator ruptured, this man and Leo Szilard patented a refrigerator that cooled using only heat as input. A model of the universe that is isotropic and homogeneous with zero curvature and zero cosmological constant is named for him and (*) de Sitter, while the rule that a repeated index in an expression is meant to be summed over every possible value of that index is known as his summation convention. Winning the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his \"discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect,\" for 10 points, name this physicist also known for his development of the theories of general and special relativity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32b3af4b455249ad91f4c03f2ed16633",
            "input": "Initially the experimenters had assumed that the atoms were in an l = 1 state with their results lending support to the Bohr-Oppenheimer theory; however it was later determined that the atoms were in an l = 0 state, making the results at odds with both the Born-Oppenheimer theory and quantum mechanics. The accepted explanation of the results was first proposed by the graduate students Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck, though relativistic correctness would have to wait for Dirac. Classically, the expected result was a broad beam with a central peak, because an atoms magnetic moment may be oriented arbitrarily. Though it has been repeated many times with different beams, the original used a beam of silver atoms that passed between magnetic plates, which resulted in the beam splitting into 2 components. For ten points, name this experiment that demonstrated the existence and quantization of intrinsic angular momentum in the electron.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65ea2955da9e4437a7cb1199b673b9c9",
            "input": "He meets Peter Wheatstraw in the street on his way to an interview with Mr. Edmunds, and after receiving a job offer from Edmundss gay son, he has an altercation with Lucius Brockway. Later, he attends a party at the Chthonian apartment building, where he is made fun of by a drunk brother and told he is not black enough by Emma. After a stay at Mens House, he moves to Marys boardinghouse before taking a job as a public speaker. He sees the death of Tod (*) Clifton on 125th Street and reports this to Brother Jack and the rest of the Brotherhood and impersonates Rinehart, before finally reaching the conclusion to live unfettered around him and, as he mentions in the prologue, that others are incapable of seeing him. FTP, name this title character of the most famous work of Ralph Ellison.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33cd3c6bc82c484ab6fe0cdac8a37bee",
            "input": "After it, the goals of Operation Mo were attempted through the Kokoda Track campaign and the Battle of Milne Bay. Just prior to it, one side, eying potential bases on Gavutu and Tanambogo, invaded and occupied Tulagi, which would be the first target attacked. Early victims among Admiral Fletchers forces included the oil tanker USS Neosho and its destroyer escort, the USS Sims, while Admiral Takagi lost the mini carrier Shoho. Severe damage was done to the larger carrier Shokaku, and the USS Lexington exploded. Still, Port Moorsby was saved from invasion, even though neither naval force saw the other. For ten points, name this first aircraft carrier battle of World War Two, named for the body of water in which it was fought.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-674f1a2e0cd14ab5b19f1e46a6a6a39e",
            "input": "When this man stopped at a well at Midian, he so impressed Hobab by his defense of a group of seven shepherdesses that he received Hobab's daughter Zipporah in marriage. This man's grandfather was Levi, and his parents were Amram and Jochebed. As a baby, he was placed in a basket of reeds and sent to the care of an (*) Egyptian woman because it had been decreed that all Hebrew male children were to be drowned in the Nile River, as related in the book of exodus. For 10 points, name this Biblical figure who parted the Red Sea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-42f114b387504011a3ae1fcadf488c29",
            "input": "His early canvases Women in the Garden and La Promenade set the stage for his career. He said of his second mentor, Jongkind, \"I owed him the definite education of my eye,\" but it was his first teacher, Eugene Boudin, who converted him to painting the outdoors. His The Picnic mocked Manet's Luncheon on the Grass, but this was before his mature work, which was executed at the home he built at Giverny. FTP, name this artist famed for his paintings of Rouen Cathedral, his groups of Haystacks, and his series of Water Lilies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-42e988b74911475b90eb6936b75f73d6",
            "input": "locations in this citys downtown include Plaza de Mayo and the office of its country president is called the Casa Rosada. Its residents are sometimes called porteos [por-te-nyos]. For 15 points, identify this Argentine city which lies on the south shore of the Rio de la Plata.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0524e9d5500a47c8a35ae7d98063e203",
            "input": "This artist was photographed in drag by Man Ray, under the name Rrose Selavy. He created a \"\"shaved\"\" version of one of his artworks, which consisted of a mass-market reproduction of the Mona Lisa on which he drew a mustache, titled L.H.O.O.Q.. Another of his paintings, exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, was famously derided an \"\"explosion in a single factory\"\". For 10 points, name this painter of Nude Descending A Staircase, No. 2 who was active in the Dada movement and also created \"\"readymades\"\" such as the signed urinal Fountain.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-236ac5aae11147418749106df6a9618b",
            "input": "A 2006 paper by Given explored how this biological mechanism related to social policy towards the tobacco industry, while Kathleen Eisenhardt used it to describe how administrative organizations change. Richard Dawkins has argued that the fossil record does not validate this mechanism. One of the co-proposers of it stated that cladogenesis predicted by it would occur in small, isolated populations. Based off of Mayr's theory of allopatric speciation, it was first proposed in a 1972 paper by Nils Eldredge and Steven Jay Gould. For 10 points, name this theory of evolution which states that relatively long periods of evolutionary stability occur between relatively short periods of rapid change.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6062faddc8fa49f2a236d9271a890b32",
            "input": "This conflict began when the eldest daughter of Emperor Charles VI attempted to take the throne but was opposed because of Salic law. The later stages of this European counterpart to King Georges War saw several victories by the Prussians including the battles of Hohenfriedberg and Kesselsdorf and it ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748. FTP name this conflict that began when Maria Theresa attempted to take the Habsburg throne in keeping with the Pragmatic Sanction.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87f2229fbbc445ae897d54a60b507ead",
            "input": "The Idler and The Rambler were two periodicals written by this man, and he popularized the term \"Metaphysical Poets\" in his series of biographies Lives of the Poets. The title prince travels with his mentor Imlac out of Happy Valley in search of true happiness in this author's prose work, Rasselas, while his greatest accomplishment was an epic of over 115,000 entries, the standard of its type until the creation of the Oxford English version. Author of an 18th-century Dictionary of the English Language, FTP name this British writer whose own biography was written by his one-time companion James Boswell.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3ed0123f53b41f1b94b8ddb7bda8ef6",
            "input": "The Boltzmann-Matano method gives coefficients for this process, whose Knudsen type occurs at low pressure. On surfaces, it can occur in reptation and leapfrog modes, while it names an approximation used in reconstruction of optical tomograms. The Bohm type occurs in plasmas, and its constant is related to the ratio of terminal drift velocity to an applied force in the Einstein relation. Multiplying that same constant by 4 and time gives the square of the length associated with this process, whose flux is inversely related to separation in Fick's Laws. For 10 points, name this process also described by Graham's law, the movement of a particle down a concentration gradient",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e7cda191eaa48049f3d631eaa5b8475",
            "input": "The equation that balances a pressure difference against this force times twice the mean curvature is given by Young and Laplace. Mass transport due to differentials in this force is named for Marangoni. Molecules with nonpolar and polar ends, which often may be used as (*) detergents or emulsifiers, act to decrease it; they are called surfactants. This force, which causes capillary action, arises in its namesake location because cohesive forces are exerted from only one direction, unlike in the bulk fluid. For 10 points, name this force present at the surface of a liquid.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0edc4f6fa9034125af8fc5975616324c",
            "input": "In the preface to this play, the author describes its characters as \"conglomerates of past and present cultural phases\" and lists among them a bell, a pair of boots, a pet greenfinch and a straight razor. Humans in this one-act, 80-minute drama include a cook named Kristin, and Jean, a footman who is seduced by the title character, and compels her to commit suicide. FTP, name this 1888 play by August Strindberg.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a764cd66a440492386b30beb9564229b",
            "input": "In prokaryotes, the Shine-Dalgarno Sequence is necessary for them to assume their proper orientation. Also in prokaryotes, as part of the stringent response they produce (p)ppGpp, a set of two phosphorylated derivatives of GDP and GTP to counter amino-acid starvation. They have three subsites, A,P, and E and consist of two subunits, the smaller of which is the first to bind to the mRNA. For ten points, what is this cellular organelle responsible for protein synthesis and sometimes found fixed to endoplasmic reticulum",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e61a8594a954071ad84d5bdd2c0d0d5",
            "input": "Tarui's disease is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme required for this process. Fluoride and iodoacetate inhibit it. The TIM barrel protein motif was named for an enzyme in this pathway. Warburg discovered that cancer cells exclusively make use of this pathway. This process' rate-limiting step is activated by AMP, is inhibited by ATP, and is catalyzed by (*) phosphofructokinase. Gluconeogenesis is roughly the reverse of this process. It is divided into an energy investment and an energy payoff period. In this pathway's first reaction, hexokinase phosphorylates glucose. For 10 points, name this process which occurs in the cytoplasm and forms pyruvate as the first step in cellular respiration.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01edcc5b26dc48c097d654759896085e",
            "input": "Photolysis or pyrolysis in which a bond is broken without forming ions can produce these by-products of normal metabolism, which play a valuable role in fighting infection. Dr. Denham Harman, a professor emeritus at the University of Nebraska, is considered the father of a theory of aging in which they are key. Their namesake reactions involve covalent single bond changes in which one electron comes from each reactant. FTP, name these molecules with at least one unpaired valence electron, and thus an electrical charge, which can damage cell membranes and cause DNA mutations.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-72d505644a7844c787309d1cfd983534",
            "input": "According to the Tale of the Two Brothers, this god produced a stream in order to protect Bata. This god was worshipped in the form of the all-black oracular Mnevis bull. His saliva was mixed with some dust and formed into a snake, which poisoned and immobilized him, allowing a goddess to interrogate him and learn his true name. The deifications of perception and command, Sia and Hu, were said to accompany this god during his time on the Mesektet and the (*) Mandjet. In another story, he mixed beer with ocher or hematite to pacify Sekhmet. During his travels through Duat, he fought the evil serpent Apep. He, or a god with whom he was syncretized, created Shu and Tefnut by masturbating, and he was worshipped at Heliopolis. For 10 points, identify this god with whom Atum and Amun were regularly syncretized, the Egyptian god of the sun.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3873f8dfa9b94534bdffcf8918e1a353",
            "input": "One depiction of this man sees him looking up at a man in a red coat while a man in green points towards him. John Trumbull painted him \"resigning his commission\" and \"apotheosis\" of him can be found in the dome of the Capitol Rotunda. In addition to being depicted in Grant Wood's Parson Weem's Fable, this man was also painted in the \"Lansdowne\" and \"Athenaeum\" portraits, the latter of which can be found on a certain piece of (*) currency. For 10 points, name this man who was also depicted by Emmanuel Leutze \"crossing the Delaware.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a1bc6a3da054b048b701fc8ca6f8e14",
            "input": "The gift of an elephant prompted Leo X to issue Praecelsae devotionis, which partially abrogated it in favor of an earlier papal declaration, Nicholas V's Romanus pontifex. An abortive conference was held on a bridge between the cities of Elvas and Badajoz to amend this document, which was based, in part on the earlier papal bull Inter Caetera. This document was extended by the Treaty of Zaragoza, which was prompted by the need to establish an eastern equivalent to this agreement. A distance of three-hundred seventy leagues west of Fogo, one of the Cape Verde Islands was established for a line of demarcation between the competing claims of two colonial powers. For 10 points, name this 1494 treaty which divided the New World between Portugal and Spain.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1bf2b02567a44925befbb4cb70b73ba6",
            "input": "It holds only when the molecular attraction between different components is equal to the attraction of any one component in its pure state. Dealing primarily with changes in colligative properties, it allows for the calculation of molecular weights of dissolved substances and leads to the definition of a solution as ideal. FTP, identify this law that relates the vapor pressure and mole fraction of a solution, a law named for its French discoverer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab7bb8e78b4642179e443bdf04c6a076",
            "input": "Some buildings that this architect designed using interconnected textile blocks include his Freeman House, La Miniatura, and Ennis House. This architect designed the Wingspread for the same client for whom he produced the no-walled Great Workroom, the interior of the Johnson Wax Headquarters. Roman brick and Bedford limestone were used in this architects Robie House, which exemplifies his Prairie style of architecture. This architect of the Tokyo Imperial Hotel is best known for a cantilevered structure for Edgar Kaufmann in southwestern Pennysylvania. For 10 points, name this American architect who designed Fallingwater.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b953e8d855d94c22bd6ee31367ded0b4",
            "input": "He initially published his first novel under the title Darkness and Light, though it is more commonly known as Mr. Cevdet and His Sons. He wrote about three siblings spending time with their dying grandmother from five different points of view in The Silent House, and first received international acclaim for writing about an Italian scholar and a Hoja attempting to prove the superiority of their culture. In addition to The White Castle, he wrote about the murder of Master Effendi in his novel about miniaturists during the reign of Murad III in My Name is Red, and about the trip to Kars by the poet Ka in his novel Snow. FTP, identify this Turkish author whose denouncements of the Armenian genocide helped him win the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8d534aaf393847aea1a728d144b5effa",
            "input": "This man wrote a woodwind octet on the death of his mother and some Shakespearean songs including Who is Sylvia. His classically themed opera Adrast was set aside and left fragmented, as was the three-act opera based on a Sanskrit tale, Sacontala. Six of his dances, catalogue number 820, were lost for a century until orchestrated by Anton Webern. After the failure of the operas The Devils Palace of Desire and The Friends of Salamanca, this musician produced six of his twenty-one piano sonatas while staying with Schober in 1817. Like the rest of his works, this composers German Dances are in the Deutsch catalog. FTP, name this composer of hundreds of lieder, the German Requiem and nine symphonies including the Great and Unfinished.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-854c4e16507242ca8fa327508eeaeace",
            "input": "It reached its summit in its victories over Waldemar IV of Denmark, gaining in the Treaty of Stralsund a virtual monopoly in Scandinavia, but its hegemony was curbed by a Dutch defeat in 1441. The last diet was held in 1669, but this group never formally dissolved. Originating in a treaty between Lbeck and Hamburg in 1241, its goal was to obtain mutual security and exclusive trading rights for its members. FTP, identify this medieval German mercantile league.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9dc90f66fc6e434b93e14f46e13df659",
            "input": "Molecular orbital theory explains how the naturally occurring form of this element contains a double bond and is paramagnetic. This element was named dephlogisticated air when it was discovered by Joseph Priestley. An ether contains an atom of this element bonded to two alkyl groups. This element has the second highest electronegativity behind fluorine and reacts with a hydrocarbon in a typical combustion reaction. For 10 points, name this element, three of which are bonded to nitrogen in a nitrate ion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28b482f09cbe4862a1fa938d5cddad4e",
            "input": "This man examined the connection between tradition and ego formation in the essay collection Insight and Responsibility. He described the development from \"vow to vocation\" of a man he labeled \"Homo Religiousus\" in one work, and of another man's struggle to break with religious tradition in another work of psychoanalytic theory. In addition to writing Gandhi's Truth and Young Man Luther, this man coined the term \"identity crisis\" and outlined a series of conflicts including generativity vs. stagnation and industry vs. inferiority. For 10 points identify this author of Childhood and Society, the creator of an eight stage scale of personality development.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b9ad7218f1b4cababada0768d393215",
            "input": "Nikolai Ges version depicts the main figure reclining on a bed and features strong chiaroscuro. Andrea del Castagnos canvas is framed by sphinxes and features an odd perspective, while Michael Rothensteins painting is dominated by the color blue, and has everyone dressed in contemporary clothing. In Emil Noldes version many of the figures wear red and hold one another. Other notable takes on this event include a work by Perugino set outdoors, possibly on Gethsemane, and one including servants and utensils by Dieric Bouts. For ten points, identify this oft-depicted Biblical scene, most associated with Leonardo da Vinci: Christs final meal",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be36bac4127a48b587213dd79f508420",
            "input": "The French army reached a point about 2 1/2 miles from Alessandria. Rather than wait to be attacked, General Michael von Melas lashed out at the French army. Taking the French by surprise, the attacking army inflicted heavy casualties and forced a hasty retreat. Von Melas then turned command over to a subordinate and retired to Alessandria. However, the slow pursuit allowed the French to regroup and they counterattacked with ferocity and routed the attacking army. FTP, name this 1800 battle between the forces of Napoleon and the Austrians.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b677e56c4d2d485ab0959e5a6eb60b15",
            "input": "It was only performed twice in its creators lifetime: once by the Societe de la Trompette and as a private performance for the composers close friend Franz Liszt. It references Berliozs Dance of the Sylphs in its allegro pomposo fifth movement, while its fourth movement parodies the galop infernal from Offenbachs Orpheus in the Underworld, also known as the Can-Can. The only movement published before the composers death was the 13th, entitled Le Cygne. For 10 points, Tortoises, Kangaroos, and Wild Asses are also movements from what set of orchestral character pieces by Camille Saint-Saens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4638b03e889c427f9bee1a745ac42d6e",
            "input": "This battle led to a treaty that was signed in the palace of Bratislava, the Peace of Pressburg. The turning point of this battle came when the attackers captured the Pratzen Heights. This battle led to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. For 10 points, name this December 1805 battle in which Napoleon divided his army against a larger force and still beat the combined forces of Russia and Austria.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b4e34e1b79b41d9bf292b488d69a781",
            "input": "This man's doctorate work examined The Family Among the Australian Aborigines, the success of which granted him the chance to study The Natives of Mailu. His second wife, Valetta Swann, aided his later studies in the Oaxaca Valley of Mexico, and was primarily responsible for the publication of his posthumous A Scientific Theory of Culture. His most famous work features chapters on \"The Power of Words in Magic\" and \"Canoes and Sailing,\" but it is mostly concerned with the Kula exchange of the Trobriand Islanders. Also the author of the Introduction to Facing Mount Kenya, FTP name this functionalist anthropologist most famous for Argonauts of the Western Pacific.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f8e3607e2e9494ab444ba589e4c22b0",
            "input": "His fantasia on Weber's Euryanthe is lost, though his fantasias on Ernani and Norma are extant. His only opera of his own was Don Sanche, although he composed a number of melodramas including Lenore and Love of the Dead Poet. Sacred choral music like Christus and St. Elizabeth was well-received, as were his secular cantatas Titan and The Four Elements, but he is better known for his piano music. His piano compositions for four hands include Les Preludes, but better known are his Transcendental Etudes and a set of 19 compositions on his home country, the 15th of which is the \"Rakoczy March. \" FTP name this piano virtuoso, composer of Liebestraume, the Faust Symphony, and the Hungarian Rhapsodies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8446215d93584829a8c49bd6eaf33a3f",
            "input": "The plan for this clash was doomed after forces for one side were crushed about a month before at La Roche-aux-Moines, which prevented their stirring up expected local revolts. In the aftermath of this battle, one of the defeated commanders was promptly restricted to his original domain of Brunswick. The aggressors counted on the support of the rebellious Ferrand of Portugal and Renaud of Dammartin, both of whom were captured in the wake of this battle, which contributed to the appointment of Frederick II as Otto IV was crushed and narrowly escaped with his freedom. The winning side was able to assert its claim to large chunks of Norman and Angevin. A decisive victory by the French over the Flemish and Germans, for 10 points, identify this July, 1214 battle which allowed Philip II Augustus to assert control over France and led in part to King Johns granting the Magna Carta.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8accea79c27d49439fe9809f9706ab54",
            "input": "In one painting by this artist, a backwards-facing female statue stands in a grove of trees while the title figure, who has roses on his shoes, sits on a bench strumming a guitar. A formerly lost painting by this artist of Mezzetin depicts yet another guitar-strummer sitting next to a passionately kissing couple. Another painting by this artist of The Surprise depicts a gathering of people admiring pieces of artwork on the right, and two people packing up paintings on the left, including one of Louis XIV. In one of this artist's most famous works, a large collection of couples makes their way to the golden boat surrounded by cherubs which is going to the title island. For 10 points, name this French Rococo artist of Gersaint's Shop Sign, and The Embarkation for Cythera.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-816ba18a45b64496a58aabd5ec4cf893",
            "input": "The narrator of the story \"This Sandwich Has No Mayonnaise\" tells how he left this character at home when he went to the fair at Port Washington. In a different work, this character leaves three women from Seattle in the Lavender Room, eventually returning to his room and finding the prostitute Sunny. After a talk with Carl Luce, he tries to call Sally Hayes but eventually just walks home, breaking the \"Little Shirley Beans\" record on the way. He sleeps in Grand Central Station after leaving Mr. Antolini's home, after which he takes his sister to the zoo and watches Phoebe reach for the golden ring on the carousel. FTP, name this protagonist of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd103f09357f410f9dc5043d6529d32d",
            "input": "This poem notes how \"first music ventured to penetrate arid rigidity\" following the death of Linos and earlier asks \"Have you remembered Gastara Stampa sufficiently yet\" One section of this work introduces the image of a fig-tree, noting that \"there has been meaning for me in the way you almost wholly omit to flower. \" This poem names constellations like the rider, the staff, the cradle, the burning book, and the doll before mentioning \"a clearly shining M, that stands for the Mothers. \" In a work subtitled \"Reflections on the Problems of Translation,\" William Gass reviews seven versions of this poem before offering his own translation. This poem notes \"Every angel is a terror,\" and the first of this poem's ten sections begins \"Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the Angelic Orders For 10 points name this long poem inspired by a visit to a castle by Rainer Maria Rilke.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79e493c279cb4f4c9dcd63249343569c",
            "input": "This novel recalls an incident in which a clerk known as The Tiger for his soccer prowess became involved in a gunfight over the pock-marked girl Joana, in the chapter \"Of the Law of Concubines. \" When asked how to entice one character in this novel, Professor Josu says to write a ballad instead of a sonnet, and this novel is in fact prefaced with a poem in rondeau form that praises \"His beard a sheet of dreams, the Imperial beard. \" Hanging over the entire timespan of this novel is the shooting of the doctor Osmundo Pimentel and the doctor's lover by the woman's husband, who is imprisoned only at the end of the work after the regime of Ramiro Bastos and the other colonels is brought low by Mundinho Falco. Against the political backdrop, this novel discusses the title character's many affairs in the cacao-growing town of Ilhus, where that character works at the Vesuvius Bar run by Syrian-born Nacib Saad. For 10 points, name this book in which Nacib is enticed by the titular smell and skin color of the titular woman, written by Jorge Amado.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39c9c391874b4511b11609a393a5815c",
            "input": "This man showed that Lie groups could be approximated by finite groups and independently proved the central limit theorem using the Gaussian error function. His namesake degree is the level of unsolvability of a set of natural numbers, and this man posited that there is no way to determine whether a given program-input combination will terminate, thus showing the halting problem is undecidable. Computable functions can be computed by constructs like the busy beaver in a certain thesis named for Church and this man. For 10 points, name this British computer scientist, the namesake of a test of computer intelligence and a set of machines on which that test can be applied.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29129bf2548f43e58df3489c621c6423",
            "input": "of this man's theories was inspired by the work of Dollard and Miller, and proposed that attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation were the four steps involved in learning. Later work by him focused on the importance of \"self-efficacy\" in therapy. An experiment conducted by this man included a model who assembled tinker toys as a part of its design, and initially included subjects playing with potato prints. That experiments shows that subjects were more likely to violently attack a namesake object when shown films of adults performing the same action. For 10 points, identify this psychologist best known for his work in the social learning theory as well as his Bobo Doll experiment.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e074b7f3f2124141a1ed99c9daf2ca36",
            "input": "The highest point in this nation is Phou Bia, just south of the Plain of Jars on the Plateau de Xiangkhoang. Its eastern border is formed by the Annamese Cordillera, which run until meeting the Boloven Plateau in the south. These highlands are the source of many rivers, including the Ou, Kadong, Wa, Kong, and Banghiang, and flow past cities such as Muang Huang, Saravan, Phongsali, and Pakxe into the Mekong, which forms the western boundary with Myanmar and Thailand. FTP, name this landlocked southeast Asian nation with a capital of Vientiane.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25e9d9b920a44f57a9a1b3eaab7cdc9d",
            "input": "This man's last work was a lecture series that included a discussion of \"Galileo's Mathematization of Nature,\" and was later collected as The Crisis of European Sciences. Gottlob Frege notably criticized this thinker's psychological treatment of mathematics in his first published work entitled Philosophy of Arithmetic, and after studying under Thomas Masaryck, this man began to extend the ideas of Franz Brentano, a move which led to his development of the technique of epoche, or bracketing. A critique of psychologism in philosophy is contained in this man's \"Prolegomena to Pure Logic,\" which forms the first volume of his most famous work, the volumes of which address topics such as intentionality and cognition. For ten points, identify this founder of phenomenology and author of Cartesian Meditations and Logical Investigations. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a1fbb26c98e4708be7a98daee2cd396",
            "input": "This man argued that archiecture has historically been dominated by the influence of \"regulating lines.\" The Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard is one of this man's two buildings in the Americas. He connected one of his buildings with the wings of a dove and included irregularly spaced rectangular openings within its two-feet thick walls. This man based his designs on the Modulor system, based on the figure of a human male. This city planner of Chandigarh, India used columns called pilotis to raise many of his buildings above the ground. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect who designed Notre Dame du Haut and the Villa Savoye.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7a637f91dd8437fa2019760106addfd",
            "input": "Two major types of these can be converted between by the so-called \"subset method. \" The trajectories of some of these are governed by the Cohen-Kung theorem; these include Langdon's Ant. Formally type-0 mininal automata, these exhaust the space of computable algorithms according to a thesis due to Church and their namesake. They were originally used to demonstrate the undecidability of the Halting Problem and consist of an action table, register, read/write head, and infinite tape. FTP, name these theoretical computing constructs; ideal computers named for a pioneering British computer scientist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9aa6112e1a2b4923837cae2725490f27",
            "input": "This artist depicted his wife sitting in a car and painting a mountain in his painting Jo in Wyoming. His \\nTwo Comedians shows the title figures clad in white holding hands on a stage. He depicted a pensive, blond\\n woman in a blue uniform leaning against the wall of a theater in one of his works, and painted a row of\\n businesses, including a barber's shop, in another. In addition to his New York Movie and Early Sunday\\n Morning, this artist painted a pair of women having lunch with parts of the title sign visible through the\\n window in Chop Suey. For 10 points, name this American painter, best known for depicting a group of\\n nocturnal diner patrons in Nighthawks.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c0cd6b68888a4313b493a5a4d33ce8ea",
            "input": "Optical properties of this mineral include a change from biaxial positive to negative when its most common cation makes up 85% of its total cationic sum, and Poldervaart provided the most popular diagram for estimation of this mineral's composition based on birefringence and 2V, though optical geochemistry estimations often fail due to its compositional zonation. Conchoidal fracturing provides a route for its alteration to iddingsite, and its alpha form changes to wadsleyite and ringwoodite with increasing pressure, leading to use of its structure as a depth indicator for kimberlites. Substitution of manganese in its M1 site produces the rare variety tephroite. Mafic rocks such as gabbro or basalt contain it in abundance, since it is at the beginning of the discontinuous branch of Bowen's Reaction Series. FTP, name this nesosilicate whose end members include fayalite and forsterite, the most abundant mineral of the upper mantle, named for its particular shade of green.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e59266deb92748889e43c18cd799389d",
            "input": "While Labdacus was still an infant, this city was ruled by the regent, Nycteus. During Labdacus' reign, this city lost a boundary war against a city then ruled by Pandion. One female figure from this city fled to the court of King Epopeus of Sicyon after being raped by Zeus, while another was transformed by Hera into the goddess Leucothea. That woman, Ino, tried to have her husband, Athamas, kill her stepchildren, Phrixus and Helle. During the Trojan War, this city's forces were led by Thersander, who along with Sthneleus and Diomedes was one of the Epigoni. The Epigoni were the descendant of a group of men including Amphiarus, Hippomedon and Parthenopaeus, who had attacked this city while it was ruled by Eteocles. For ten points, name this Boeotian city founded by Cadmus, that was attacked by seven dudes and was ruled by Oedipus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-384340d9695b495a898478450d6a3e21",
            "input": "artist from this movement produced a set of painted reliefs called the Sculpto-Peintures. In addition to Alexander Archipenko, another proponent of this movement painted The Chessboard in addition to pioneering the use of papier-colle in its \"synthetic\" style. This movement was led by a man who created collages such as Musical Forms and by another figure whose portrait was executed by Juan Gris, and who included African masks in a painting depicting prostitutes from a namesake street in Barcelona For 10 points, identify this art movement whose participants sought to depict forms using basic geometric shapes, and whose most notable proponents were Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66821a9d49e44a2788d1a73d66165b20",
            "input": "These particles are invariant under transformation of center vortices. Collisions of these particles result in excess strangeness at energies above 160 mega-electronvolts. These particles form a hypothetical composite whose ground state has a total angular momentum of three. Two of these particles fuse into a top loop in the dominant production mechanism of the Higgs boson observed at the LHC. Experiments at PETRA determined the spin of these particles via measurement of the Ellis-Karliner angle during three-jet events. These particles belong to the adjoint representation of SU(3) [\"S-U-3\"]. These particles generate a tensor field whose components are linear combinations of Gell-Mann matrices. Vacuum polarization of the virtual counterparts of these particles creates an anti-screening effect that gives rise to asymptotic freedom. These particles are responsible for the color confinement of quarks. For 10 points, name this group of eight gauge bosons that act as carriers of the strong force.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5fc5e5ffac62442ebca4da8debf0c32c",
            "input": "One section of the Sritattvanidhi details the thirty-two different iconographic representations of this deity, while the Mudgala Purana describes his eight incarnations. The primary festival dedicated to this deity sees devotees immerse clay representations of him in the nearest body of water. One story claims that he ate most of a city on Mount Kailash, while another story claims that he once suffered from Shani's evil eye. He once ran in a circle around his parents in order to win a race against his brother Skanda. His mount is a rat or a mouse, and he is often worshipped as the remover of obstacles. The most famous story about this god details how his attempt to stop his father from seeing his mother in the bath, resulting in his decapitation. For 10 points, identify this son of Parvati and Shiva, known for his one-tusked elephant head.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2b7ee9d6c824ceaa5c6b0ca7f2be456",
            "input": "Though he completed etchings including Abduction of Proserpina on a Unicorn and Agony in the Garden during his period of maturity, he was better known for a form he learned while serving as an apprentice under Michael Wolgemut. Among his work in that form is a 1515 work derived from written description and brief sketch of a rhinoceros, and a depiction of an angel in sad thought with a magic square in the background, Melancholia I. For ten points, name this artist, famous for woodcuts like Knight, Death, and the Devil, and Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66b0fd7edd3840b99f80cb1562cb9cb8",
            "input": "One of his early works commented on Burke's text about our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, and he contrasted laughing and sentimental comedy in his Essay on Theatre. He wrote of the \"long-remembered beggar\" residing in the \"sheltered cot\" of Auburn in one of his poems. He wrote of Sophia, who marries Mr. Burchell in a work about the misfortunes of Dr. Primrose. In another work of this author of \"The Deserted Village,\" George Hastings encounters Tony Lumpkin at the Three Pidgeons pub, and Kate Hardcastle is mistaken for a maid and marries Young Marlow. For 10 points, name this author of The Vicar of Wakefield and She Stoops to Conquer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19a91987e86a4d8ebe98ce2a791c09d5",
            "input": "In one scene in this novel, the main character remembers watching a drunken mob beat his horse to death as a young boy. The testimony of Lebezyatnikov helps free Marmeladov's daughter of theft charges in this novel, which also features the eventual marriage of Dunya to the central character's friend Razumikhin. The prostitute Sonya helps the protagonist of this novel, who spends most of it avoiding Porfiry Petrovich after having killed the pawnbroker Alyona with an ax. For 10 points, name this novel following Raskolnikov, by Fyodor Dostoevsky.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-594408b8dcdb4c369daf2f101676b39e",
            "input": "Important men in this conflict included John Oldham and John Endecott. The decisive action in this conflict was undertaken by John Mason when he burned an enclosure of women and children in the Mystic Massacre. Fought by Massachusetts against members of the namesake Native American tribe and ended by a treaty signed in Hartford, for 10 points, name this war fought in the 1630s.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c901db656de42d6984b67e7b40ee2e8",
            "input": "During this war, the Meteor gunboat was engaged in a prearranged, indecisive duel outside Havana Harbor. One new national holiday celebrating a battle in this war was set for 2 September. The losing side's army was forced westwards in the Battles of Spicheren and Worth, but were prevented from going further by the Battle of Mars-la-Tour, which was lost by Marshal (*) Bazaine, who also lost the subsequent Battle of Gravelotte, which trapped him in Metz. The withdrawal of a Roman garrison by the losing side in this war let Italy complete the Risorgimento. In this war, Leon Gambetta escaped his capital in a hot air balloon to organize resistance. A government change occurred in this war after the defeat at Sedan. For 10 points, name this 1870-1871  war that resulted in the formation of the Second German Empire, which took Alsace-Lorraine from its defeated opponent.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4777cc3a7a634149805df2458593acb1",
            "input": "Along with the state to its north, this state contains the Front Range Urban Corridor. The highest incorporated town in America, Leadville, is also found here. It is home to Mount Elbert and the Western Slope, which is the location of (*) Telluride, Vail, Aspen, and other ski resorts. This state, which forms the northeastern part of the Four Corners, contains Pike's Peak and cities such as Pueblo and Boulder. For 10 points, name this state whose capital is Denver.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2643b6f25d554b78bbb86324aae0ccc2",
            "input": "According to this poem when you \"Come to the window\" to smell the sweet night air, \"Listen! you hear the grating roar\" of pebbles that \"bring the eternal note of sadness in. \"  \"Sophocles long ago\" heard what the speaker hears, and thought similar thoughts. The view is also like \"The Sea of Faith,\" which now also ebbs. FTP, name this poem in which the speaker finds neither joy, nor love, nor light, Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain;\" but only \"ignorant armies clash[ing] by night,\" a poem by Matthew Arnold",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d725914980d40d485a5423dcb03cbb7",
            "input": "One poem by this author exhorts its readers to \"\"Have done with childish days- the lightly proffered laurel, the easy, ungrudged praise. \"\" Another poem describes the things that the subject must learn to \"\"be a man, my son,\"\" and begins most lines with the same conjunction. In a third poem, published in Barrack-Room Ballads, the narrator exclaims, \"\"You're a (*) better man than I am, Gunga Din! \"\" For 10 points, name this author of poems celebrating British expansionism, such as \"\"The White Man's Burden. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1da119b839140e4ae32494aa64c5547",
            "input": "The category of these objects has the property that every morphism is a monomorphism. The spectrum of one of these objects contains one point, and the p-adic numbers for a given p form one of these. These objects necessarily have zero Krull dimension. Those with a finite number of elements have order equal to a power of a prime. Their extensions have a one-to-one correspondence with their intermediates according to the fundamental theorem of Galois theory. A division algebra is one of these without multiplicative commutativity, and can be defined as a ring with multiplicative identity, inverse, and commutativity. For 10 points, name these algebriac structures that include the rationals and reals.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcc58f6d80b5494a9893eed1ae139ae1",
            "input": "This man published a 1629 translation of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War into English. This man's works De Corpore, De Homine, and De Cive were to be part of this man's Elements of Philosophy. He described the causes of civil war in his book Behemoth; or, The Long Parliament. In another of his works, he described fear of violence as the reason for creating a state and described the natural state of men's lives as (*) \"\"nasty, brutish, and short. \"\" For 10 points, name this British philosopher who wrote Leviathan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d145d14bf124ce1beeb949f85aca75c",
            "input": "This event sees the non proteolytic dissociation of a majority of cohesins from chromosomes by Polo-like kinase in Xenopus. Plant cells sometimes also need a phragmosome to split large vacuoles during it, and this stage sees the use of Gamma Tubulin to drive the centrosomes apart. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear during this stage, which also sees the connection of two sister chromatids at a centromere. The chromatin material condenses into chromosomes in, for 10 points, which first stage of mitosis, which is followed by metaphase",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5df91b3b610471caaf20cc29216e205",
            "input": "As the weak charge is not invariant under a reflection unless particles are replaced by their antiparticles as well, the fundamental laws of physics may well have this property. It can arise in spiranes and allenes due to their cumulated bonds and restricted rotation. Many familiar objects, such as the S and Z tetronimoes in Tetris, possess this property, with a pair being enantiomorphic. FTP, name this property that states that a molecule is not superimposible over its mirror image.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-580b482d49ea44909522d1497a029dff",
            "input": "This man's only fully extant work for four strings is his Chacony in G minor, and many of his songs were collected posthumously in the publication Harmonia Sacra. His brother Daniel completed his opera The Indian Queen, which adapted music from his ode Come Ye Sons of Art, written for Queen Mary's birthday. A rondeau from his incidental music to (*) Abdelazar served as the basis for Benjamin Britten's Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra. This pupil of John Blow used a libretto by Nahum Tate for his most famous opera, which contains the aria \"Ah, Belinda\" and the lament \"When I am Laid in Earth\" and was inspired by Virgil. For 10 points, name this English Baroque composer of Dido and Aeneas.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5b5106ec81e45ebae4601b6dd01e59b",
            "input": "This god was represented as a vigorous, red-haired youth, and was armed with iron gloves, a belt of strength, and a magical hammer that returned to him. Associated with marriage, the hearth, and agriculture, according to tradition, he failed to smash the skull of Jormungand and the 2 are destined to kill each other in the Ragnarok. FTP name this Norse god of thunder, might, and war.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ed501d54038485ca0bb5a8f9e5e3419",
            "input": "He began the tradition of the Delian League, a sort of Greek mafia, by demanding tribute of the Argives in return for protection. Playing a major role in Herodotus' Histories, he flaunted conventional strategy by informing the Persians of the Greek fleet's position, thus bringing the cumbersome Persian navy into an area where only Greek ships could maneuver. FTP name this Greek general who engineered the defeat of Xerxes at Salamis.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d93dadd5e5a4f929d78d55cb017fcf6",
            "input": "He's not Leonardo, but he was quite a Renaissance man, proposing flying machines and motorized ships. Following Alexander of Hales, whom he heard lecture in Paris, he wanted to expand university courses to include natural science. He proposed the compilation of an encyclopedia, produced under papal direction, and he ended up writing part of another by himself. The first European to describe gunpowder, For 10 points-name this English friar, philosopher and alchemist of the 13th century.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-349f03ebf33847a19773d3f1db5cae3f",
            "input": "LDA is used to transform propargyl diol into one of these compounds in the Whiting reaction. A  useful one of these compounds is synthesized using zinc chloride to combine trimethylsilyl chloride  with methoxybutenone. The namesake value of these compounds is expressed as the mass of iodine  equivalent to the amount of (*) maleic anhydride reacting with a unit mass of one of these. The  cumulated type of these compounds are less stable than other types. Electrophilic addition can result in  both 1,2 and 1,4 additions in the conjugated type of these molecules. That type also undergoes a type of  reaction that follows the endo addition rule and forms cyclohexenes, the Diels-Alder reaction. For 10  points, name these hydrocarbons that contain two carbon-carbon double bonds.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc2a18c91ca0409d9950f051c6ab3f4e",
            "input": "In a poem written by Horace Smith in response to this poem, Smith wonders \"\"What powerful but unrecorded race / Once dwelt in that annihilated place. \"\" This poem's narrator recalls how he met \"\"a traveler from an antique land,\"\" and how that traveler told him about a \"\"wrinkled lip\"\" and a \"\"sneer of cold command\"\" that are captured in the emotions conveyed by the statue of the titular figure. This poem describes a statue whose pedestal states \"\"Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair! \"\" For 10 points, name this poem inspired by a sculpture of an Egyptian pharaoh, written by Percy Shelley.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ebe98c939284cfea07bb28a8697880c",
            "input": "One song by this musician begins with him alternating between the notes G and C and was first composed for an album named after his \"trio.\" Another song by this musician of \"Bemsha Swing\" begins with alternating C sharp and D seventh chords and was composed with Kenny Clarke; that song was \"Epistrophy.\" Trumpeter Clark Terry and saxophonist (*) Sonny Rollins were among the several performers who joined this man on the album Brilliant Corners. This performer frequently used dissonance and often played with a percussive banging on the keys of his instrument. For 10 points, identify this jazz pianist who composed \"Round Midnight\" and \"Straight, No Chaser.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63909b16c8234fa2a1ce372315f1355c",
            "input": "A little-read second part of this work contains such sections as the sixteenth, on The Need for Metaphysics; for forty-forth, on The Metaphysics of Sexual Love; and the thirtieth, on The Pure Subject of Knowing, which holds that that pure subject is one of the titular concepts. This work opens by drawing a parallel between that same titular concept, the root of causality and unique object of experience, and the Ding an sich of Kant, which this books author claims is not only knowable, but is all that is known. More famous is the authors claim in the second-half books that salvation can only come through subversion of the individual spirit, especially by the power of art, especially music; a doctrine known as the authors Pessimism. For ten points, name this magnum opus of Arthur Schopenhauer.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a130208c65d49b7b4286a6ecdda3be8",
            "input": "This element combines with nitrogen to form cyanides, and it combines with iron to make steel. Sixty atoms of this make a molecule of buckminsterfullerene (BUCK-min-ster-FULL-er-een), and another allotrope, mistakenly referred to as lead and used in pencils, is graphite. It exists in all organic molecules. A molecule made of this element and two oxygen atoms is used by plants in photosynthesis. For 10 points, name this element whose atomic symbol is C.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a6b9f1c732614ccabab00d8e356176ce",
            "input": "In one of this man's novels, the owner of the After the Show Retreat is married to the radical politician Yuken Noguchi. Another novel sets the Daphnis and Chloe story on Uta-Jima and stars the lovers Hatsue and Shinji. In addition to After the Banquet and The Sound of Waves, this author wrote a novel in which Fusako falls in love with Ryuji, the titular Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea. More famously, he wrote a series of novels about Honda and Kiyaoki's births and rebirths, as well as a novel about Mizoguchi, a young monk who sets fire to the titular building. For 10 points, identify this author of The Sea of Fertility tetralogy and The Temple of the Golden Pavilion.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b374bb6573b34b60b20ebdae11705f56",
            "input": "Herzog et al. showed that this protein is activated by ATM kinase, and a different study showed it also activated by ATR kinase. Along with its regulator, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, this protein is controlled by the Wip1 gatekeeper. When the pathway named for this protein is damaged, the retinoblastoma pathway is often damaged as well. Inheritance problems in this gene, along with CHEK2, can lead to Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. When it binds with DNA, it generates a similarly named entity that inhibits cdk2. In humans, it is suppressed by HDM2, a homolog of mdm2. Its production can be stimulated by bombarding DNA with gamma or x-rays, requiring repair, and as a last resort, it induces apoptosis. For 10 points, name this tumor suppressing protein often mutated in cancer sufferers, \"the guardian of the genome.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac203afb2c7045879a5f37ae66408af9",
            "input": "This man and his family are depicted as Roman gods in a Jean Nocret painting. Moliere and this man are shown dining at court in a Jean-Leon Gerome painting. Jean-Baptiste Colbert's admonitions not to show his hairline went unheeded by the artist of a sculptural bust of this man, whose court painter was Charles Le Brun. This subject of portraits by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Hyacinth Rigaud was famously depicted in poncey stocking and draped in fleur de lis embroidered robes. FTP, name this French monarch nicknamed the Sun King.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4eab5595aa04d91a0ade7db19f5a762",
            "input": "A lone figure stands on a gold and black pentagon in this artist's Dog, while three birds hunch on a branch in Owls. He depicted a nurse from Battleship Potemkin, and figures on a rail dominate his \"study after Muybridge. \" He painted a triptych showing himself flanked by George Dyer and Lucian Freud and created a Sphinx Portrait of Muriel Belcher. Bizarre red arrows often dot landscapes by this painter, who showed something vaguely purple in a red bowl in Lying Figure with (*) Hypodermic Syringe. Mutilated figures against a red background comprise his Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion, while his best-known work was inspired by a portrait by Diego Velazquez. FTP, identify this painter who liked painting slabs of meat and allegedly depicted Innocent X in his Screaming Pope series, the descendant of an English philosopher.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4feffebd2b94e998e2780f79769299e",
            "input": "A woman in this novel wears her hair in the shape of a helmet and continues to stand on the shore despite rifle shots. A painting of a blindfolded woman holding a torch factors into this novel, in which a \"universal genius\" pens a report on the suppression of local customs which ends with the post-script \"Exterminate all the brutes!\" A hut surrounded by staked rebel heads in this novel is home to an ivory trader whose final words were not his fiancee's name, but rather \"The horror! The horror!\" For 10 points, name this novel in which Kurtz is visited by Marlow on a trip up a river into the Congo jungle, by Joseph Conrad.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd58c6e29bd44c9496dc0b8b775ba471",
            "input": "This value appears in both terms of the definition of the Lagrange invariant. Whether this value is in the numerator or the denominator of the expression for momentum is the focus of the Abraham-Minkowski controversy. The square of this value minus one all over the square of this value plus two is equal to four pi over three times number of molecules per unit volume times polarizability. The square of this value is equal to one plus a series of terms with B times lambda squared over lambda squared minus C according to the (*) Sellmeier equation. The difference between its ordinary and extraordinary versions gives birefringence. This value is on both sides of a law which relates the angle of incidence to another angle; that law is named for Snell. For 10  points, name this value symbolized n that is used to measure how much light bends when it moves between media.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf6fc0a7e0be4add8e4430af8c3b3cb2",
            "input": "In his many letters to his lifelong friend, Willibald Pirckheimer, he stressed geometry and measurement as the keys to understanding art and he turned notes and drawings into his best-known treatise, the Four Books on Human Proportions. After meeting Bellini in Venice he obtained a commission for the Madonna of the Rose Garlands. Back in Nuremberg he devoted himself to engravings including The Knight, Death, and the Devil , and Saint Jerome in His Study. His last monumental works are two large panels, depicting the Four Apostles. FTP identify this man most famous for his woodcut series Large Fortune, The Fall of Man, and the Apocalypse.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f9bde4bf3bb34a39b38445f1e99449a4",
            "input": "The battle was over in less than twenty minutes, and resulted in the capture of 918 enemy troops by eight in the morning. Colonel Johann Rall and his 1400 soldiers rose quickly and fought with courage, but they were overwhelmed by Washington's surprise attack of 2400 men. FTP, what December 26, 1776 defeat of Hessian forces in New Jersey led Cornwallis to leave his winter camp and engage Washington at Princeton a week later",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4f5e36e98744e73b348da916eb86092",
            "input": "This composer wrote \"An du Natur\" and 16 other songs for singer Therese Grob, whom he was too poor to marry. He also wrote many of his songs for Johann Michael Vogl, a baritone who greatly admired his work. His treatment of Goethe's Erlkoenig is particularly striking for its dramatic content, while one of his chamber pieces include a string quartet whose second movement is a set of variations on his song \"Death and the Maiden. \" For 10 points, name this composer of The Trout Quintet and The Unfinished Symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6af0823aecfd460a9ca58686ce7554b1",
            "input": "On the left side of this painting we see a cross section of humanity, including a poacher, a cloth merchant, and a rabbi, who all seem to be focused on a dog standing over a guitar on the floor. On the right side of the painting are the intellectuals, including Charles Baudelaire, George Sand, and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. These people surround the central figure in this painting, who is turned away from a nude model while he works on a landscape scene. For 10 points, name this painting by Gustave Courbet showing his place of work.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05bd3b2ed0df45e2bdaabb85ccfb3ceb",
            "input": "The Alajskij Chrebet mountains dominate the south this country, whose largest lake is the saltwater Ozero Issyk-Kul' in the northeast. The only flatlands of this country are located in the extreme north, through which tributaries of the Chu River flow. Bordered on the east by China, on the north by Kazakhstan, on the west by Uzbekistan and on the south by Tajikistan, it is a former Soviet republic whose capital was once called Frunze. For ten points, name this country, whose major cities include Osh, Tokmak, Karakol, and the capital, Bishkek.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c13dd9d114d24863b7228dba3b3a854e",
            "input": "Each chapter of this novel is associated with a symbol, color, and time of day in a chart its author made for his friend Stuart Gilbert. In this novel, a concert manager has an affair with a woman whose husband conducts his own affair under the pseudonym \"Henry Flower\". That husband in this novel fantasizes about Gerty McDowell on a beach in a scene that climaxes as (*) fireworks explode in the background. This novel ends with Blazes Boylan's lover reminiscing about wearing a rose \"like the Andalusian girls\" and being kissed \"under the Moorish Wall\" before she declares \"yes I said yes I will Yes.\" This novel takes place entirely on June 16, 1904, and follows a journey through Dublin taken by Leopold Bloom. For 10 points, name this novel by James Joyce.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1279d04858ae473ba09556b6dafb4ff6",
            "input": "He wrote one work in which sickly Prince Albrecht is the older brother of Klaus Heinrich, who is tutored by Dr. Raoul Ueberstein, while in another work by this author, the menopausal widow Rosalie dies from a metastatic tumor in her uterus after lusting after her son's American-born tutor. This author of Royal Highness and The Black Swan gave a series of lectures collected as The Coming Victory of Democracy and wrote more one more well known works in which the hypnotist Cipolla is assassinated in Torre di Venere, one in which Jasiu and Tadzio have a fight on the beach in front of the protagonist, and one in which Leo Naphta is a Jesuit and Lodovico Settembrini is a student of Giosu Carducci. For 10 pointsname this author of Mario and the Magician, who wrote about Gustav von Aschenbach and Hans Castorp in his works Death in Venice and The Magic Mountain.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b2da8f128f84cf68ed6081b4407ff1c",
            "input": "One of this poet's speakers claims \"I rocked shut as a seashell\" so they \"\"had to pick the worms off me\\n like sticky pearls.\" This poet wrote a poem opening \"Perfection is terrible, it cannot have children\" while\\n another poem has an image of a \"statue with one grey toe big as a Frisco seal and a head in the freakish\\n Atlantic.\" The speaker asserts \"I have done it again. One year in every ten I manage it\" in a poem ending\\n with the line \"I eat men like air.\" This poet of \"Munich Mannequins\" and \"Tulips\" wrote a poem whose\\n speaker asserts, \"There's a stake in your fat black heart\" before telling the title figure \"you bastard, I'm\\n through.\" For 10 points, name this wife of Ted Hughes who wrote \"Lady Lazarus\" and \"Daddy.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6629619cae1d4da89309e6c2991b8f8f",
            "input": "His portraits of prisoners, including one of the murderer Sarah Malcolm, were eventually auctioned off at the so called Battle of the Pictures arranged by Christopher Cock. His few failures include an attempt to imitate Correggio in Sigismunda and he cultivated a rivalry with William Kent that was chronicled in such works as Bad Taste of the Town. He outlined his ideas on art in the treatise The Analysis of Beauty and his later works include the genre pieces Frank Mathew Schutz Vomiting and An Election. But he was most successful creating series, such as Four Stages of Cruelty and Industry and Idleness, that entertained while teaching moral lessons. For ten points identify this painter of Marriage a la Mode and The Rakes Progress.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-011fd043e0c54e008885b4f2f10244a9",
            "input": "In Euclidean geometry, this is the number of points required to completely define a conic. This is the number of sides on the convex polygon with the same number of sides as diagonals. This is the only number which is included in two pairs of twin primes. According to the Abel-Ruffini theorem, general polynomials of this degree and higher cannot be solved analytically. The square root of this number appears in the definition of the golden ratio. Euclid proposed this many postulates of geometry in the Elements. This is the number of Platonic solids. For 10 points, give this number of sides on a pentagon.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a8d4f0b514046198b30a73a61437d7b",
            "input": "One chapter of this work relates the story of a young man who hangs himself in shame after being discovered eating mutton. The narrator is visited by Yram in prison, and spends six months with the Nosnibors, who hope he falls in love with Zulora, although he flies back to England with Arowhena. Earlier, that narrator witnesses a trial where a man is sentenced to receive two tablespoons of castor oil daily for being guilty of pulmonary consumption. After talking with Chowbok, the protagonist encounters a society that worships Ydgrun, is supported by the Colleges of Unreason, and believes that adults are under siege from the World of the Unborn. Partly based on the essay Darwin Among the Machines, it begins with the narrator discovering the title location in New Zealand. FTP, name this utopian novel by Samuel Butler.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcc44b0abc95468ea9c2378351c2a9cd",
            "input": "This city's Chinatown was the site of the Wah Mee massacre, and its suburbs include Bainbridge Island and Mercer Island. Its neighborhood of First Hill is nicknamed Pill Hill due to a large number of hospitals, while Capitol Hill and the Denny Regrade are two of this city's seven hills. Its entire central business district was burnt down in 1889 and it hosted America's first city-wide general strike. Boasting a public library designed by Rem Koolhaas, it is also the home of the Bumbershoot Music Festival and has a notable Science Fiction Museum. Surrounded by Kirkland, Bellevue, and Redmond, this seat of King County is situated on Puget Sound. For 10 points, name this birthplace of Starbucks and largest city in Washington State.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-343356400e53459d83303c5ee2a5e018",
            "input": "A catecholamine, it is more selectively metabolized by the monoamine oxidase MOA-B than seratonin or norepinephrine, although it is a metabolic precursor to the latter. For ten points, name this neurotransmitter synthesized from tyrosine and believed to play a role in schizophrenia, whose deficiency is a cause of Parkinson's disease.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-243ef39543264910a8d194ba8ac9f5e7",
            "input": "One of this man's title characters learns that Shakespeare is forced to walk behind a \"common tailor from Tennessee\" named Billings, while in a novel of his, a man invents the Cursing Phonograph and another character pretends to be the outlaw One-Armed Pete. That novel was intended as a sequel, but the protagonist's name had to be changed to \"Mulberry\" after a lawsuit from a man who shared a name with the original character. That character first appeared in a novel where the fall of Senator Dilworthy and the murder trial of Laura dash Washington Hawkins's scheme to profit from establishing a black college. This author of  \"Captain Stormfield's Visit To Heaven\" and \"The Private History of a Campaign that Failed\" wrote the quite-posthumouly published play \"Is He Dead\" as well as a satire on the Congo called \"King Leopold's Soliloquy,\" though he may be better known for such novels as one subtitled \"A Tale of Today\" and co-written with Charles Dudley Warner, \"The Gilded Age. \" For 10 points, name this creator of Injun Joe, Hank \"The Boss\" Morgan, an amphibian from Calaveras County, and Tom Sawyer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8fc97e62326447e28be9e5215637d974",
            "input": "This letter represents a quantity defined as Gibbs free energy per surface area in the Young-Laplace equation. Relativistic mass equals rest mass times a quantity represented by this letter, which is equal to the derivative of time with respect to proper time. That quantity is also expressed as one divided by the square root of one minus v squared over c squared, known as the (*) Lorentz factor. In addition to symbolizing surface tension and photons, this letter names a type of high-energy decay and radiation carrying more energy than X-rays. For ten points, identify this third letter of the Greek alphabet.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2bd04dbf9434845aa5ef12cf34e1079",
            "input": "The score for this piece asks the pianist to make mistakes in certain passages. Modern performances use the glockenspiel rather than the glass harmonica, and this piece references Berlioz's Valse des Sylphes, Can-Can from Offenbach's Orpheus in the Underworld, the aria from Rossini's Barber of Serville, \"Ah vous dirais-je maman\", and even the same composer's Danse Macabre. With introduction verses by Ogden Nash, FTP, name this famous piece by Saint-Sans that features creatures as diverse as lions, elephants, kangaroos, and of course, the swan.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8cd88b03a1b24dbc966a260db4aad13e",
            "input": "A set of possessions in this work is bought by the pastor Tribulation Wholesome and his partner, who believe that they are helping to care for a group of orphans. Another character tries to see the Queen of Fairy while blindfolded, gagged, and stuffed in a water closet, having lost most of his money gambling. Pertinax Surly, posing as a Spanish Don, encounters Dame Pliant, who along with her brother Kastril has come to see the title character. Surly is a friend of Sir Epicure Mammon, who thinks Dol Common is a mad aristocrat thanks to the machinations of Face. Lovewits house is used by Subtle to con the local citizenry in, FTP, what play by Ben Jonson",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e39b32d12424babb7368e2211064e62",
            "input": "This thinker asked \"what is it to dwell\" in \"Building, Dwelling, Thinking\" and considered the effects of a \"destitute time\" on the works of Rilke in \"What Are Poets For\", both of which appear in his Poetry, Language, Thought. He discussed the path provided by the Greek word philosophia in What is Philosophy and also wrote about Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, though he is better  known for a work which introduced ontological hermeneutics and discussed a concept related to presence in the world, dasein. For 10 points, name this Nazi-loving author of Being and Time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18fc9494ee04461eaaea746250dcbcd2",
            "input": "His portrait of a child in a beret and gold chain exemplifies the tronie style he helped develop. His Balaam and the Ass was ripped from a work by his teacher, Pieter Lastman, while green light illuminates a sword, bow, and arrows hanging from the wall of a cave in his The Raising of Lazarus. A man has his hand on the breast of his titular spouse in The Jewish bride, but better known portraits include his self-portraits with Saskia. He is widely praised for his painting depicting the writing on the wall, while an angelic girl stands out in the company of the titular military regiment of his best-known work. FTP name this artist of The Night Watch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-72391ab49478475d9b1f874a9a5772cb",
            "input": "Grignard reagents cannot form without the presence of one of these compounds, and tetrahydrofuran is a cyclic version of one of them. Oxonium compounds are formed when they react with strong inorganic or Lewis acids, and oxidation of them results in an unstable peroxide, and they can be formed dehydration of an alcohol or catalytic hydration of an olefin. Manufactured via Williamson synthesis, specialized ones that that surround specific metal ions are referred to as crown types. FTP, identify this class of organic compounds that features an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af63163141f14f7aaadabdf9264a6cda",
            "input": "The \"native\" faction of this country's Communist Party took power after purging a Soviet-allied block led by the Jewish woman Ana Pauker. Shortly after the war, its leftist prime minister Groza opposed the more democratic National Peasant Party. During the war, it was ruled as the (*) National Legionary State by the Iron Guard under Ion Antonescu. For 10 points name this country later ruled by Nicolae Ceausescu.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a8351f670fd417d9cd5194482f4acab",
            "input": "One commander at this battle was almost killed by Henry de Bohun while riding alone in front of his lines, but saved himself by killing Bohun with a battle axe. The defending army was drawn up into three squares, and a series of pits with stakes at the bottom was dug in front of their line. After the Earl of Gloucester was killed on the second day of fighting, it turned into a rout and the losing commander was forced to flee to Dunbar Castle. FTP, name this battle fought south of Stirling Castle in the summer of 1314, in which Edward II's army was defeated by Robert Bruce.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b2f1e435a47479da4b578ffc5172f23",
            "input": "In one of his later paintings, a woman in a black dress is reading a magazine while a younger woman in a bikini sits on the side of a porch, and the right side is dominated by blurry trees. In another paintings, yellow and black shades interrupt the red painting of the exterior wall in his depiction of a deserted city block with a fire hydrant on the left and a barber's pole on the right. In addition to Second Story Sunlight and Early Sunday Morning, he showed two large percolators one one side of a triangular wooden counter, behind which a white-hatted man serves three patrons. For 10 points, name this painter of Nighthawks.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4baa5829762844ada3554d7bad97ad7f",
            "input": "It frequently weathers into other minerals like margarite, zoisite, and kyanite. Produced by the Verneuil Process, it has been largely replaced in industrial applications by synthetic materials like alumina. When mixed with iron oxides and other minerals it is known as emery, and its finer varieties include sapphire and ruby. A naturally occurring aluminum oxide mineral with formula Al2 O3, FTP, what is this mineral whose Mohs hardness of 9 makes it the second hardest natural substance",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-579f63bffd174f73b8894d1452e7bc7d",
            "input": "President Carter once recommended sanctions on this country for not exporting more oil to the U.S. during the late 1970s to make up for dwindled American reserves due to the lingering aftereffects of the Arab oil embargo during the early 1970s. An earthquake on Leap Year Day in 1960 in Agadir caused the deaths of more than twelve thousand people. Until his death due to natural causes in 1999, its head of state adamantly claimed to be a direct descendant of the prophet Mohammed. It is one of the worlds largest suppliers of phosphates. This nation still has not regained control of the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, nor has it relinquished its territory annexed since 1976 with a territorial capital of El Aaiun and with Polisario guerillas roaming the desert regions. For ten points, name this nation, independent since 1956.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aaa4ebee06f1488286494f3dfc968693",
            "input": "Le Bel and van't Hoff took advantage of this property to help determine the tetrahedral structure of carbon compounds. It is critical in pharmacology as it explains why only some methyl-dopa and ibuprofen molecules are effective. It also occurs in simpler molecules such as 2-butanol. The S and R labels are applied to enantiomers, pairs of molecules that demonstrate this concept. FTP, identify this term that indicates the molecular version of left- and right-handedness.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5871b93b677a41798bc205c2e3b7adb3",
            "input": "The sum of the reciprocals of Sylvester's Sequence converge to this number, and in ZF set theory, it is defined as the set whose only element is the empty set. This only odd number in the range of Euler's totient is the largest output possible of the Mobius function, and Egyptian fractions have this number as the numerator. (*) Zero-factorial is equal to this number, as is i to the fourth power. Events which will definitely occur have probability equal to this number, and, like zero, all powers of this number are equal to it. For ten points, give this multiplicative identity, the first positive integer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e4f87e574484aba98adf6048a7f8b1d",
            "input": "Along with his successor as Secretary of State, he authored the Hulsemann Letter to justify Americans observing revolutionary activity in Hungary. This man's son Fletcher announced William Henry Harrison's death to John Tyler, and died at Second Bull Run as a Union colonel in the Civil War. This man claimed that the government was \"made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people,\" in a debate over tariffs with Robert Hayne. He defended an institution claiming that though it was small, \"yet there are those who love it,\" referencing the precedent set in Fletcher v. Peck, in Dartmouth College v. Woodward, and he signed a treaty delineating the Canadian boundary with Lord Ashburton. FTP, name this senator from Massachusetts.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-819a17d7917a4492a49dbc16e33dc9e4",
            "input": "In birds this body contains magnetic material needed for navigation. Also called the epiphysis cerebri, it is largest in children, shrinking during puberty and calcifying with increasing age. In all humans it appears to play a major role in sexual development and sleep patterns. It may indirectly be the cause of Seasonal Affective Disorcer because it is photosensitive and increases the release of melatonin during the winter. FTP, identify this gland also known as the \"third eye\" and named for its pine-cone shape.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99caf7fff30448b9ba2b2c4beb469c0d",
            "input": "This woman's works for children are translated into English in Crickets and Frogs: A Fable. She was a village schoolteacher, and donated the proceeds of her work Tala to the relief of Basque children orphaned in the Spanish Civil War. Scarred by an affair with a railway employee who committed suicide, her works include Desolacin, Ternura, and Sonetos de la muerte. FTP, name this author, born Lucila Godoy Y Alcayaga, the 1945 Nobel Prize winner in Literature from Chile.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b4f3b3391874a2fb33d3bad288bf3e6",
            "input": "One method of removing this functional group involves reacting it with a potassium xanthate followed\\n by an elimination. Besides the undergoing the Chugaev elimination, this functional group is protected by\\n dihydropyran. Zinc chloride is used to test for their presence in the Lucas test. The Collins reagent and\\n Jones reagent are commonly used to oxidize this functional group, and solutions of a compound of this\\n element are used in SN1 solvolysis reactions. These compoudns have higher boiling points than their\\n corresponding thiols, and they exhibit a broad peak around 3300 inverse centimeters on IR spectroscopy.\\n This functional group contains a carbon and a hydrogen both single bonded to an oxygen. For 10 points,\\n name this functional group found in ethanol.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-75b9f0c3afef41ab85601ab952904ed7",
            "input": "first major work was the General Motors Technical Center in Warren, Michigan. For 15 points, name this Finnish-American architect who designed the main terminal at Washington Dulles International Airport and the Gateway Arch in St. Louis.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25d6e3dbe60c49bb934f5c6b2b09da98",
            "input": "This event inspired N. A. Salvandy to switch political allegiance and to publish in its wake the pamphlet Twenty Months, while a series of essays by Archibald Alison compared this event to Parliamentary reform and saw him declare that \"the experience of the past is totally lost both upon individuals and nations\". The political center of this event was taken by the National Guard, the Hotel de Ville, where the newly empowered Municipal Commission first met and outside of which, according to Marx, this event made autocrats of the financial bourgeoisie, in part due to a statement that the \"bankers will rule\", attributed to one leader of this event, Jacques Laffitte. More famously, following the \"Three Glorious Days\", which were sparked by de Polignac's pronouncement in Saint-Cloud of this event's namesake ordinances, which included a curtailing of freedom of the press and the dissolving of parliament, this event ended the Bourbon Restoration. For 10 points, name this French revolt of 1830, which removed Charles X and which concluded with a namesake monarchy under Louis-Philippe in the namesake month.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0778b540d104907925b72ddffc30f60",
            "input": "In one of this author's plays, a visibly uncomfortable Athenian named Kinesias pleads to Myrrhine for relief, only for her to disappear into the Acropolis. This master of Old Comedy wrote a play in which two characters organize the construction of a city in the sky called Cloud-cuckoo-land. In another of his plays, a chorus of animals chant (*) \"\"Brekexexex koax koax\"\" and Dionysus goes to the underworld to judge a contest between Euripides and Aeschylus. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek playwright of Lysistrata, The Birds, and The Frogs.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af33142c63a3472096b0396ebc1cdf14",
            "input": "At the center of this work, a man wearing a shirt with baggy, black and white-striped sleeves sits with his back to the viewer and his face cast to a scene on the right. On the left of this painting, which hangs in the Contarelli Chapel, a wide-eyed, bearded man points at a young man in red slumping over a wooden table, while a balding man peers through his spectacles at a pile of coins. An open window and a harsh beam of light illuminate the title action of this painting, which occurs as a figure on the right points his outstretched arm toward the center of the canvas. For 10 points, name this painting in which Jesus reaches out to a tax collector, a work by Caravaggio.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec1624803d7a450bb929fbbff1a40345",
            "input": "Humphrey Arundell led a rebellion in Cornwall against this ruler. The Treaty of Greenwich arranged a marriage between this figure and someone who later became consort to Francis II, but that betrothal broke down and resulted in the War of the Rough Wooing. The real power during this mans reign was held by the first Duke of Somerset and John Dudley, the first Duke of Northumberland, and his reign saw the publishing of the Book of Common Prayer by Thomas Cranmer. This ruler was succeeded by his cousin Jane Grey, although she reigned for only nine days before her execution by Mary I. For 10 points, name this son of Jane Seymour and Henry VIII who reigned for six years as King of England before his death at age sixteen.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8baa6fd643b46e781c3b232844b24af",
            "input": "A proton-ionizable group is found in the \"lariat\" form of these compounds, which are NOT cleaved into carboxylic acids during a positive result in the Zeisel method. Lithium-containing compounds are used to transform them in the 1,2-Wittig rearrangement, and they easily undergo oxidation to form peroxides. An acid catalyst and two primary alcohols are needed in a condensation reaction to create these compounds while the most famous way to produce them involves nucleophilic substitution of an alkyl halide by an alkoxide. For 10 points, name this class of molecules with formula R-O-R that are produced in a reaction named for Williamson.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ff435bad798f46da8b64cd5e4faa2f3b",
            "input": "One epithet used in the Homeric hymn to this figure is Tritogeneia, which may refer to this deity's birth near Lake Tritonis in Libya. In the Iliad, the figure's priestess is Theano and this deity compelled Laodecus to break the war's initial truce by firing an arrow at Menelaus. This deity promised immortality to Tydeus, but reneged on the promise after he ate the brains of Melanippus. This goddess was the foster mother of Erichthonius, who was born when Hephaestus attempted to rape her and his ejaculate fell on the ground. This goddess, who was often referred to Glaukopis or grey-eyed, gave Tiresias the power of prophecy after she blinded him for seeing her naked while bathing. Usually depicted wearing a peplos, this goddess won a famous weaving contest by depicting how she defeated Poseidon became the patron of her namesake city. Born from Zeus' head, for ten points, name this olive-tree bearing Greek goddess of wisdom and warfare.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec46e19a9ea7446dadcd9d925d3eab3c",
            "input": "Joseph Cradock wrote an unused epilogue for this play meant to be spoken by one of the principal characters about his future with Bet Bouncer. That characters inability to read cramped handwriting and his cousins failure to improvise a story about horse-racing odds leads to his mother discovering Hastingss plan to elope with Constance Neville. In furtherance of that plan, Tony Lumpkin steals his mothers jewels, but the protagonist ends up giving them back to her for safekeeping, thinking she is the wife of an innkeeper. Its title, an allusion to falconry, refers to Kate Hardcastle, who pretends to be a barmaid in order to get Charlie Marlow to admit his feelings for her. FTP, identify this comedy by Oliver Goldsmith.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87481fa5869b44598db3ff5edd686bfc",
            "input": "One protagonist created by this author surprises the chairman of the Public Service Commission by suggesting that The Heart of the Matter was ruined by its happy ending, and refuses to negotiate the customs duty on his radiogram. That character created by him worries that his secretary, Marie, is spying on him for his boss, Mr. Green. In one of his novels, a woman refuses to marry the protagonist because she is an osu and then aborts the baby she had with him. Clara is the fiancee of one of his characters, who is sponsored by his town's Progressive Union and is arrested for taking bribes. That character created by him is the grandson of a man whose funeral gun salute accidentally kills Ezeudu's son, and who is commanded to kill Ikemefuna. For 10 points, name this creator of the Okonkwo family, the Nigerian author of No Longer at Ease and Things Fall Apart.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fc8a9fd9d510435bbd778fb5b70419c1",
            "input": "A part of this novel is made up of its authors rejected short story Bibi. One episode shows a friend of Dr. Keene secretly treat a patient who has stabbed a wealthy landowner, and the apothecarys assistant Raoul Innerarity is left in charge of the shop and wishes to place his painting in the window. The landowner had collected the entire estate of the de Grapions through exploitation of gambling debts, and Joseph Frowenfeld attempts to make his living as a druggist. One character makes another unable to sleep through witchcraft and must escape to France, while another has his ears cut off and his tendons slashed, and is an ex-African prince. Those characters, Palmyre and Bras Coup, are peripheral to the central family, which includes Agricola, Honor, and his dark half-brother who commits suicide. FTP, name this important regionalist work, a novel by George Washington Cable.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c39aa4d898a42ac983fe8cbf48f6183",
            "input": "idea is based on the assumptions that linkage disequilibria must frequently oscillate, and it was originally described it as a corollary to the law of constant extinction. Serial passage experiments support this statement as they show attenuation of the pathogenic species infecting host cell lines. It was formulated by Leigh Van Valen, and it suggests that advantages in one species gained by genetic variations are offset by those gained by another species. It is frequently invoked to explain the evolution of sex. For 10 points, identify this hypothesis which states that species must evolve continually to maintain their fitness, which derives its name from a Lewis Carroll character.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-12c88b519a2d429db0c619cc35dd8173",
            "input": "The sequel to this work, titled American Hunger, was originally not published because the Book of the Month Club did not like its pessimistic ending. The narrator of the work describes many figures from his past, such as Uncle Hoskins, who is killed when his saloon becomes too successful; Ella, a schoolteacher who introduces the narrator to literature with Bluebeard, and his mother Ella and cowardly father Nathan. His problems increase in adolescence after Pease and Reynolds cause him to be fired from his job at the optician's, though he meets a few friendly people like Falk, who gives him his whites-only library card, and the Hoffmans, who employ him after he moves to Chicago and joins the John Reed Society. FTP, identify this autobiography written in the form of a novel by Richard Wright.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-73f740b0d3e24d4f96dc2bfd2b3fd102",
            "input": "This country is home to many tombs called Mastabas. This nation's Siwa Oasis can be found in its Qattara Depression, which is the second lowest point in all of Africa. The ancient cities of Thebes and Memphis would be located in this nation. For 10 points, name this country that once sported the Pharos Lighthouse in its city of Alexandria.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d653c28824cd439e93f23495402d5859",
            "input": "Its Granitic Group contains over 40 granite islands, including Silhouette Island, Aride Island, and the home of the coco-de-mer, Praslin Island. The rest of the islands that make up this island group's Inner Group are Bird Island and Denis Island. James Mancham was overthrown in a coup in this nation that made socialist France Rene a single-party ruler. This chain's most populous island,  Mahe, is home to a capital city. For 10 points, name this group of islands once colonized by both France and Great Britain, located in the Indian Ocean northeast of Madagascar.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-efe94504e5d74f768806b6c00eb7e445",
            "input": "Henry James' \"Paste\" was drawn directly from one of this man's more famous works. His best novel features two competing brothers, whose tumultuous relationship culminates with one's marriage to Madame Rosemilly. After publishing a work in the collection The Parties at Medan, he went on to write such novels as A Woman's Life, Bel-ami and Pierre et Jean. FTP, name this writer best known for his stories of Norman peasant life as in \"A Piece of String\" and \"The Necklace. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c99bf245a3ad4a2f816fb653ad2a5f23",
            "input": "This President introduced the Comprehensive Health Insurance Act in his final year of office and declared \"\"now I am a Keynesian\"\" after eliminating the gold standard. This man signed the first Clean Air Act and created the Environmental Protection Agency. This President was the first president to visit the People's Republic of China. This President came to power by defeating Democrat Hubert Humphrey in the election of 1968. For 10 points, name this Republican President who resigned in 1974 in the wake of the Watergate scandal.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebb14ef68fba49b7a393af4be54856a5",
            "input": "of this composer's tone poems represents the title bird, a musical wren. He composed fourteen pieces in the style of street music called Chros. The fifth work in one genre by this composer is scored for soprano voice and eight cellos, and pairs the Aria \"Cantilena\" with the Danca \"Martelo. \" This composer depicted a group of country peasants riding a passenger car to the city in the movement \"The Little Train of Caipira,\" which features a percussion instrument known as the guiro and takes the form of a toccata to imitate a German composer. For 10 points, name this composer of the Bachianas brasileiras, a twentieth-century composer from Brazil.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a3417ca000c4aa68daf5dc2ceb56535",
            "input": "One work written by this person includes a description of a chariot pulled by two horses, one that   is noble and one that is not. Another work written by this person claims that people with true  knowledge are treated as useless stargazers. This person wrote about a dinner party at which each   person gives a speech about the nature of love, including a speech encouraging the guests to be lovers  of wisdom. This author of Phaedrus  also wrote Symposium  and The Republic. Name this ancient  Greek philosopher who taught Aristotle and whose dialogues often included his teacher, Socrates.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d09bcb54ac98494d817832af45cfeea0",
            "input": "One leader of this nation and its Muscovite faction was Ana Pauker. Another leader of this nation, Iuliu Maniu, resigned as prime minister in 1930 to protest the return of King Carol II. This nation was also led by a man who promoted neo-Stalinism with his 1971 July Theses. That leader of this country caused unrest in part by appointing his wife Elena deputy prime minister and by his plan to bulldoze thousands of villages and convert them to (*) \"\"agrotechnical centers. \"\" For 10 points, name this nation that was once ruled by the communist regime of Nicolae Ceausescu.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1778803f0b5c41c0a0246e8917cba237",
            "input": "One of this musician's early recordings, which is named after a slang term for marijuana popular among jazz musicians, was \"Muggles.\" In honor of the Karnofsky family, who gave him money that allowed him to buy his first instrument, he always wore a Star of David. Ensembles led by this man include his All Stars, his Hot Seven, and his Hot Five, and he collaborated on the single \"Weatherbird\" with pianist Earl Hines. An apocryphal story claims that he dropped the lyric sheet while recording his version of \"Heebie Jeebies,\" so he invented scat singing. He made the first recording of a song whose singer reflects on \"the colors of the rainbow so pretty in the sky\" and \"trees of green, red roses too,\" \"What a Wonderful World.\" For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter and singer nicknamed \"Satchmo.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e4c136edf59943bba0157ec5898798bf",
            "input": "Tremonti et al. used the results from SDSS to derive the relation named for this quantity and stellar metallicity. This quantity is related to the velocity dispersion in a different relation named for it and the Greek letter sigma. Wolf-Rayet stars are defined by their quick changes in this value. The temperature and density variables were used by Jeans to create an upper bound on this quantity for a molecular cloud. The (*) lifetime of a main sequence star is proportional to this quantity raised to the minus 2.5 power, or alternatively this quantity divided by the luminosity. A star possessing a stellar wind is currently lowering its value for this quantity. For 10 points, name this quantity that appears along with the radius and \"big G\" in Newton's law of gravitation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e34da54e9b742b8ae3404ef17b5ba60",
            "input": "A group of nearby objects of this type are known as \"The Magnificent Seven\" and they cool via a process named after a casino in Rio de Janeiro known as the URCA process. Around five percent appear to occur in binary systems, and those that occur with black holes may possibly be used to detect gravitational waves. When the Akmal-Pandharipande-Ravenhall Equation of State is used, an upper mass limit of around 2.1 solar masses is obtained, while the upper mass limit on these objects when they are composed entirely of the namesake particles is called the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit. For ten points, identify these remnant stars that are formed during the gravitational collapse of a stellar core during a Type II Supernova.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6b4616f7cf54cc5970277f2caea8ee9",
            "input": "This empire's merchants used quills filled with gold dust as currency; some of those merchants were used as disguised spies. Commoners in this empire wore a full-length cloak called a tilma, over which men wore shoulder pouches. These people were divided into clan-like units called calpulli. After a Sparta-like mandatory military education, its men could capture four opponents in battle to become \"eagle knights.\" Long strips of mud were used as \"floating gardens\" around this empire's central (*) lake. Seven causeways led into its canal-laden capital, where a spicy liquid chocolate was first brewed and two shrines sat atop the Templo Mayor pyramid. For 10 points, name this empire which sacrificed human captives under emperors such as Montezuma.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d21f03dcd5384b44a6042f7fd371971b",
            "input": "In this play, the characters Addie, Cal, and Birdie provide a contrast to the central family. The plot concerns a deal between the Chicago financier William Marshall and Ben Hubbard to build a cotton mill. Needing funds, Ben and his sister Regina mastermind the theft of $80,000 from the bank of Regina's husband, Horace Giddens, who discovers the theft. In the ensuing argument, Horace suffers a heart attack and dies while Regina refuses to bring his medication. FTP, name this drama by Lillian Hellman.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3c171bc743d473bbb3b99a7bc023fce",
            "input": "This states independence was ended by the Treaty of Leoben when the Austrians sued for peace. It was founded over a thousand years before by refugees fleeing the cities of Grado and Aquilea as defense against barbarian invaders following the fall of the Roman Empire. It eventually conquered Istria and the Dalmatian Coast as well as some Aegean islands. It was divided after the Treaty of Campo Formio and had a longstanding rivalry with Genoa, with whom it competed for trade. It may have caused the sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade and soon after expanded onto the Italian mainland, conquering the terrafirma. Known as La Serrenissima, name, for 10 points, this Italian republic led by the Doge which had a lot canaals.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ddf172c4d48e467993fae1d32c4e3394",
            "input": "The Boot Monument in New York manages to commemorate this man without naming him. With Richard Montgomery, he led a failed invasion of Canada, and along with Ethan Allen, this man led the Green Mountain Boys in capturing Fort Ticonderoga. This man successfully defended (*) Bemis Heights during the Battle of Saratoga, but felt he did not get enough credit for it. This man's most famous deed was exposed when the spy John Andre was captured with his letters and the plans to surrender West Point. For ten points, identify this American traitor who, encouraged by his Loyalist wife Peggy, defected to the British during the Revolutionary War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-292b3716a6834a019cb542010a9e860a",
            "input": "Archael methanogenesis relies on an enzyme that contains this metal in a tetrapyrrole, known as F430. This element is present along with iron and sulfor in pentlandite, and it also occurs in kamacite and taenite, which are found in meteors. Like calcium, this element's 48 isotope is doubly magic. It is present in the active site of prokaryotic glyoxylase, while Helicobacter pylori can be detected by using a rapid test for an enzyme containing this metal, urease. Columns of it are used to purify polyhistidine-tagged proteins, and this metal is purified by carbonylation in the Mond process. Another compound containing this metal is used to transform thioacetals to alkenes, and is created by adding NaOH to an alloy of this metal and aluminum. For 10 points, name this metal found in Raney's catalyst, with atomic number 28 and symbol Ni.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4dabd53a800f471ea68454684f9a7d90",
            "input": "A rejected version of its charter forbade lawyers, doctors, and preachers from serving in the legislature. The Treaty of Hopewell voided its attempt in the Treaty of Dumpling Creek to define one of its borders at the Little River. Eventually, forces led by John Tipton triumphed over the government of John Sevier, who had tried to colonize Muscle Shoals. This entity was inspired by North Carolinas withdrawn attempt to give part of its land to the US government, and lasted from 1784 to 1788. For 10 points, name this abortive U.S. state, named for a Founding Father, whose land was incorporated into the new state of Tennessee.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fad3bc10db00458f904e5fc392f0254e",
            "input": "In one scene in this work, two characters row a rowboat all night across a lake, while in another scene in this work, an engineering sergeant is killed for insubordination by a character who was earlier hospitalized for jaundice, which Miss Van Campen believed was caused by his excessive drinking. One character in this work is killed by an Italian sniper after striking out on foot with three other men, one of whom killed a sergeant who refused to help pull an ambulance out of the mud. In addition to Aymo and Bonello, one character in this work meets Ettore Moretti and the Meyerses in Milan, and is introduced by Rinaldi to a woman whose small pelvis would lead her to eventually die while bearing a stillborn child in Switzerland. For 10 pointsname this work about Catherine Barkley and Frederic Henry, a novel by Ernest Hemingway.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94aba3fa3c8942fb9c05971eff4e19bc",
            "input": "The preface to this work begins by noting that the human mind is naturally drawn to questions that it cannot answer, and goes on to criticize despotism and reject the divine right of kings. The first section of this work notes that knowledge is either sensible or logical, and poses questions regarding space and time to contrast those two concepts. The second section of this work is divided into four chapters devoted to the history, discipline, canon, and architecture of the titular quality, and the arguments presented in this work were further refined in the author's (*) Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics. Arguing that metaphysics should be limited to a priori knowledge, for ten points name this work which was followed by a \"Practical\" sequel, by Immanuel Kant.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc40e7ae69714967a731715198aa6cbd",
            "input": "The losers in this conflict put faith in a machine gun called the mitrailleuse, while the winning side used Krupp steel to improve their field rifles. The losing side in this conflict disastrously split up its army following a defeat at the Battle of Froeschwiller, also called the Battle of Worth. The pivotal battle in this conflict saw a failed attempt to relieve troops under Bazaine by Marshal Patrice (*) Mac-Mahon. Prior to the outbreak of this war, Prince Leopold would have succeeded Isabella II on the throne of Spain. The victor in this war had earlier defeated Austria in the Seven Weeks' War, and this war was sparked by the Ems Telegram. It witnessed the Battle of Sedan and brought down the Second Empire. For 10 points, name this 1870 conflict between states led by Napoleon III and Otto von Bismarck.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ec4f6f054844ec98fefe01a558bd7a8",
            "input": "He was praised by the Belgian poet Emile Verhaeren, and by French critic Felix Feneon, and the eminent dealer Durand-Ruel exhibited his work while he lived in a garret studio. In 1888, he joined The Twenty, a group of artists exhibiting in Brussels. His last painting was entitled Le Cirque painted with his usual \"additive method. \"  FTP, name this painter of Bather at Asnieres and Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Grande Jatte, the founder of Divisionism.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a1bf0a6b4ec47558a4b66352fbdc9b4",
            "input": "While writing under the pseudonym of Robert Slender, he produced a series of Probationary Odes by Jonathan Pindar, Esq. This man's political poems include one written with Hugh Henry Brackenridge for a Princeton commencement, as well as one about a flame which lays all tyrants low, entitled The Republican Genius of Europe. Renowned for such patriotic works as Eutaw Springs, and Rising Glory of America, he is best remembered for a poem about a flower by Nature's self in white arrayed, and another which ends with the image of the painted chief, and pointed spear. For ten points, identify this poet best known for The Wild Honeysuckle and The Indian Burying Ground.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40653b8d49334dbda2589bc79687d98f",
            "input": "Although Freud claimed him as a disciple, he later rejected the label, conceding only, \"I learned from his mistakes. \" He pioneered in preventive psychiatry by establishing more than 30 child-guidance centers, and propounded a theory that people are guided by values and goals of which they may be aware, not driven by unconscious instincts. In works such as Social Interest and The Neurotic Constitution, he describes how a person is seen as moving away from situations that make him or her feel inferior and toward goals of success and superiority. FTP identify this Austrian physician and psychologist who created the system of individual psychology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5ee63d35027744b0ba1d6cf108458903",
            "input": "One chapter of this work describes Wash Williams, a telegraph operator who hates women due to the infidelity of his ex-wife, while in another chapter, Standard Oil employee Joe Welling successfully courts Sarah King. Besides Respectability and A Man of Ideas, Presbyterian minister Curtis Hartman is inspired to break a window after seeing schoolteacher Kate Swift praying naked in the chapter The Strength of God. Adolph Meyers changes his name to Wing Biddlebaum and moves to the title location after being accused of molesting young boys in its first story, Hands, while an old bedridden writer is featured in its first section, The Book of the Grotesque. Ending with the departure of George Willard from the title Midwestern city, FTP, name this short story collection by Sherwood Anderson.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6cb77cba7914d97b2de178b974ab1f2",
            "input": "One work by this man includes the characters Miriam and Donatello, who resembles the title figure. This author of The Marble Faun wrote a story which sees the title man and his wife Faith stumble upon a witches' meeting in the forest, and one in which Georgiana dies after Aylmer removes the title object. In addition to \"\"Young Goodman Brown\"\" and \"\"The Birthmark,\"\" this man wrote a novel in which Hester Prynne becomes ostracized after being branded with the title emblem. For 10 points, name this author of The Scarlet Letter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9f93184f37044c1b9b3d66ae7c5bd60",
            "input": "A collaboration by this man with Nadir Afonso featured his trademark pilotis for circulation and a roof terrace to reclaim the lost space under it. In a book by this man, he advocates for residential areas in two rings, an inner one with cellular blocks of dwellings, and an outer \"garden city\", as well as a city center devoted to commerce with five percent skycrapers, and the rest parks with trees. In addition The City of Tomorrow, he wrote a book with essays titled \"Mass-Production Housing\" and \"Eyes That Do Not See\". For 10 points, who was this author of Towards a New Architecture and designer of the Unite d'Habitation, a Swiss architect",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94daf3a935054c3d9fe17afd89dd5643",
            "input": "Hadamard regularized this operation under certain conditions by dropping divergent terms. Measure theory is used in Lebesgue's [le-bays] theory of this operation, and Fubini's theorem states that its order in iterated versions can be changed. For products of functions, this operation is often done(*) \"by parts.\" Simpson's Rule approximates this process using trapezoids, while Bernhard Riemann devised a method using rectangles. The \"definite\" kind of this process finds the area under a curve. For 10 points, name this mathematical technique, the opposite of differentiation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c863867164c41fd821476b72da6c10a",
            "input": "In a story by this author, the Handicapper General enforces Amendments 211 to 213, which ensure that all are equal. He wrote a novel in which the protagonist's research for the book The Way the World Ended leads him to realize that Felix Hoenikker has created a substance that can freeze the oceans. This author of \"Harrison Bergeron\" and creator of ice-nine wrote a novel in which the protagonist is kidnapped by Tralfamadorians after spending time in a POW camp in Dresden. For 10 points, name this creator of Billy Pilgrim, the author of Cat's Cradle and Slaughterhouse-Five.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e1fd5d9994f4fe5adc6099bca5baafc",
            "input": "One incident related in this book is the death of Nadav and Avihu for filling their censures with strange fire. This book specifically prohibits sacrificing children to Moloch and distinguishes between trespass-offerings, sin-offerings, and burnt-offerings. Chapters 13 and 14 of this book discuss the affliction of tzaraath, and chapter 23 of this book specifies the allowed days for work on feasts and other holidays. Sections of this book discuss Yom Kippur and sexual misconduct, which includes a prohibition of bestiality and homosexual relations. Divided into a Priestly Code and Holiness Code, for 10 points, name this third book of the Torah.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a788de307694c91a500c61b062e9021",
            "input": "James A. Bayard helped produce it. The ownership of the islands in Passamaquoddy Bay was not decided by it, so a later meeting at St. Andrews was necessary. Consisting of eleven articles in total, it was signed by Henry Goulburn, James Gambier, and William Adams for the British. Its ninth article guaranteed the return of all Indian-lost lands and two weeks after it had been signed, John Lambert assumed command of British troops after Edward Pakenham was killed at the Battle of New Orleans. For ten points, name this treaty signed in Belgium that established the status quo antebellum and ended the War of 1812.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f53d9ec4cf94894914532bca3efd8a2",
            "input": "Jim Hasseloff and colleagues discovered an 84-nt cryptic intron in this protein's cDNA sequence, making codon alteration a necessary step in this protein's expression in Arabidopsis. Well-characterized mutations of this protein include a serine-to-threonine mutation at position 65 described by Roger Heim, which can be combined with a phenylalanine-to-leucine mutation at position 64 to generate a super-ecliptic pH-sensitive variant of this molecule. The structure of this molecule consists of a beta barrel, and its maturation involves modification of a serine-tyrosine-glycine tripeptide that makes up its chromophore. In 2008, Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien were awarded the Chemistry Nobel for their work with this molecule, whose major emission peak occurs at 509 nanometers. First isolated from the Aequoria victoria jellyfish, for 10 points, name this molecule often used as a biological marker that when exposed to blue light, emits its namesake colored light.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40d77f38247649cabafbccf32d2cc0e0",
            "input": "This artist portrayed a white-clad woman holding a copy of the New Testament and a golden cup with a snake in it while standing next to her sister and waiting for the Redcrosse Knight in one of his three paintings based on The Faerie Queene. This artist of Fidelia and Speranza painted a green, huge-eared batlike dragon and a red-skinned turbaned man with ridiculous facial hair among a train of figures following the title figure of another of his paintings. A snake coils itself around one arm of that figure, whose fists both emit rays of light and whose white horse tramples a crowd of humans. He depicted a green-clad Rogers' Ranger clutching a flute and leaning over the back of a kneeling Native American warrior whose pose is reminiscent of The Thinker in a history painting whose figures, such as Simon Fraser, are all grouped around the red-clad and wounded central figure. For 10 points, name this American painter of Death on a Pale Horse and The Death of General Wolfe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e59712b7d3c24d58a9acd397b157a18b",
            "input": "The Borghese Gallery owns a terracotta model of this sculptor's original design for an equestrian statue of a certain French monarch dressed like a sandal-clad Roman general. A crack in the forehead necessitated the replacement with a copy of a bust by him that shows the title figure in a biretta and cardinal's robes. On top of a red marble sarcophagus, he depicted a woman dressed in a nun's habit, lying on a cushioned couch, while clutching her breast. This sculptor of an equestrian statue of (*) Louis XIV, a bust of Scipione Borghese, and The Blessed Ludovica Albertoni carved a Greek god's translucent flying drapery in one work in which another figure's legs are sheathed in bark and her fingers are turning into branches. Another of his sculptures show an angel pointing a sphere at the title open-mouthed saint. For 10 points, name this sculptor of Apollo and Daphne, whose Cornaro Chapel contains his The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b03b5a19fc8b4ef0b4ef2aa0b0166bbb",
            "input": "A 2012 French documentary follows Natalie Dessay as she prepares for her role in this opera. Its title character sings a farewell to past happiness in \"Addio, del passato.\" A father in this opera consoles his son by singing of their ancestral home in \"Di Provenza.\" In its first act, the lead soprano gives the lead tenor a camellia flower and tells him to return when it has faded, a detail taken from the Dumas Fils novel this opera is based on. Its title character considers a declaration of love but rejects it in favor of her freedom in the aria \"Sempre libera,\" which is sung in Act 1 after the drinking song \"Libiamo ne' lieti calici.\" Its plot concerns Giorgio Germont, who tries to get his son Alfredo to cut off relations with Violetta Valery. For 10 points, name this Verdi opera about a consumptive courtesan.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-849eb1db03174bd394a94b93e9c82f8d",
            "input": "This leader arbitrated the Bread and Roses strike and backed the actions of Edwin Curtis during one event. In one position, he repeatedly vetoed the McNary-Haugen Farm bill, and his victory over Robert La Follette and John W. Davis led to his presidential inauguration being the first one broadcast live on radio. His Secretary of State successfully negotiated the Kellogg-Briand Pact, and as Governor of Massachusetts, he ended the Boston Police Strike. His economic policies were largely formulated by Andrew Mellon. For 10 points, name this successor to Warren G. Harding who declared that the \"business of government is business\" in support of laissez-faire policies.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1adf55e2064f4486bc514e194df20207",
            "input": "This man used his experiences in Spain to write Tales of the Alhambra and wrote under the pen name \"Jonathan Oldstyle.\" This man's History of New York was written under the pen name of Diedich Knickerbocker. In another of his works, the main character romances Katrina Van Tassel. That character of this author is driven from the title town by (*) Brom Bones, who dresses as the Headless Horseman to terrify Ichabod Crane. For 10 points, name this American author of \"Rip van Winkle\" and \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e24ba2992a04ca697013de1f4f0c9f4",
            "input": "Servants of nobles in this play include Fabian, Valentine, and Curio, as well as the clown Feste. The major subplot in this play involves the lady-in-waiting Maria convincing another character to always smile and to wear cross-gartered yellow stockings. This play, set in Illyria, features characters like the sea captain Antonio, Andrew Aguecheek, Toby Belch, and the puritanical steward Malvolio, who is obsessed with the countess Olivia. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare play, centering on the adventures of the twins Viola and Sebastian.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af4a927f444f4db3ad99340b723a646b",
            "input": "They believe that the cyclical process of reincarnation ends in kaivalya, after which the soul, or jiva, is liberated from matter. This religion's founder is often mentioned in Buddhist scriptures under the name Nigantha Nataputta, \"the naked Ascetic of the Clan of the Jnatrikas\" who was said to be the twenty-fourth and last of the Tirthankaras. FTP, identify this religion which arose in protest against the ritualism of Hinduism and the authority of the Veda in India, and which was founded by Mahavira.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79b093cf03d54e939f76bfba09b8c940",
            "input": "The concluding section of this work contains the Bhatt Bani, or hymns by the bards, and the Japji and Mul Mantras. It is the central object used in worship in gurdwaras. First compiled in 1604, by 1704 this work of nearly 6000 hymns of Islamic and Hindu saints took the place of religious leaders. It was Arjun who compiled it, and Gobind who proclaimed its religious role. Literally Punjabi for \"first book,\" FTP, name this sacred scripture of Sikhism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-188d853909284627a90e56f9926e5c86",
            "input": "A genetic defect in their synthesis is implicated in Zellweger syndrome, where the body is unable to oxidize certain long-chain fatty acids. Though proteins are not thought to use the endoplasmic reticulum to reach it, new evidence suggests it may have evolved from proteins related to that organelle, casting doubts on its supposed endosymbiontic origin. Key to production of the myelin sheath, it also plays a role in bile production as well as primarily breaking down ethanol into acetaldehyde and using enzymes such a catalase to deal with toxic waste products. For 10 points, name this cellular organelle, a major produce of hydrogen peroxide.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d108a120f18493bb35413e3a19c191f",
            "input": "One of these present at the creation of the world is often depicted as a demon wearing a leopard skin, with a bag over his shoulder. One is credited with stopping an invasion using arrows of lighting, leaving only three survivors. Seven of them are prayed to at the New Year, and one created the world by stabbing the earth with a jeweled spear. For 10 points, Fujin, Raiden, the Shichi Fujukin, and Izanagi are among which form of deity native to Japan",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da51ebcb133e4b7cbeb4c2706dd71929",
            "input": "A banker's son is expelled from school and becomes the Master of Petitions in a novel by this man. In addition to The Abbess of Castro and the unfinished (*) Leucin Leuwin, this man wrote about the Duchess of Sanseverina, who hangs out with Count Mosca and patronizes her nephew Fabrizio del Dongo. For 10 points name this creator of Julien Sorel, the author of The Charterhouse of Parma and The Red and the Black.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35ecefd649c648398694a5a6a41a23fa",
            "input": "Along with Hubert, this man edited the religious sociology section of LAnee Sociologique, and although he was working on manuscripts on money and prayer, they were destroyed in World War II. An early work by this man, also published with Hubert, deals with the research of William Smith and updates its interpretation to examine primitive cultures. Along with Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function, his most well-known work analyzes its title concept in Melanesia, Polynesia, and the American Northwest, as well as in the premodern Germanic, Roman, and Brahmanic Indian cultures. He posits that everything may linked to what he terms total presation in reference to its title concept. For ten points, identify this French sociologist and nephew of Emile Dukheim, perhaps best known for Primitive Classification and The Gift.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99682103fc274e86970e8e5716375ef0",
            "input": "A reimagination of this painting depicts a fruit-covered table, a forward-facing nude woman, and the title figure laid out on a sheet, and was done by Edvard Munch. A work depicting the same scene shows a shelf containing three books, a large map on the back wall, and a woman in a black-and-white-striped dress, and was painted by Paul-Jacque-Aime Baudry. In front of a green cloth, this painting depicts a wooden box, which serves as a table for an inkwell. The title figure holds a quill in his right hand and a note in his left, and he lolls to his right while wearing a white sheet like a turban. FTP, name this painting depicting a stabbed French revolutionary in his bathtub, a work by Jacques-Louis David.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ecc28c4cc554f2b8bc9a5676245dffd",
            "input": "This character's eyes are alternately described as brown, dark blue, and having \"layer upon layer of colors. \" This character becomes ill with brain fever for several months after nearly throwing herself out a window. She goes to Yonville to prepare for childbirth, and this character's husband's first wife Heloise died suddenly when her fortune turned out to be nonexistent. After she loses a bunch of her husband's money buying jewels from Monsieur Lereaux, she commits suicide by drinking arsenic. FTP, name this title character who has affairs with Leon and Rodolphe in a Gustave Flaubert novel.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00e2ded906664124b6ddcb4587bbbefc",
            "input": "This poet writes \"[we] have eyes to wonder, but lack tongues to praise\" in a work that begins, \"When in the chronicle of wasted time / I see descriptions of the fairest wights, / And beauty making beautiful old rhyme\" In one work this poet famously asserts, \"my nature is subdued / To what it works in, like the dyer's hand. \" The speaker of another poem says the reader can see in him \"that time of year\" when yellow leaves \"hang upon those boughs which shake against the cold, / Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. \" This poet asserts that neither Mars nor \"war's quick fire shall burn / The living record of your memory\" in a poem that begins, \"Not marble, nor the gilded monuments / Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme. \" The speaker of one of his poems comments, \"Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines\" and ends with the assertion, \"So long as men can breath, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. \" \"The Fair Youth\" and \"The Dark Lady,\" for 10 points, are recurring figures in the poetry of this man who asked, \"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day\" in one of his sonnets.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90f908259c5c41d08da717bf04de5c86",
            "input": "This country's cities of Eskilstuna and Vasteras lie in the valley of Lake Malaren. Its highest peak, Kebnekaise, lies within the Fjallen mountain range. Its longest river, the Klaralven-Gota alv, drains this country's largest body of water, Lake Vanern. Visby lies on this country's largest island, Gotland, and other cities in this country include Umea, Helsinborg, Gothenburg, and (*) Uppsala. The  Oresund Bridge connects this country's city of Malmo to the island of Zeeland. This country is bordered to the east by the Gulf of Bothnia, to the south by the Kattegat and the Baltic Sea, and to the west by Norway. For ten points, identify this Scandinavian country with capital at Stockholm.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-14981f6fb2864dbf89a3bf3d40a98308",
            "input": "This nation was ruled from 1894 to 1909 by the dictator Jos Santos Zelaya, and its president Adolfo Diaz signed a 1914 treaty with the United States. More recent leaders of this nation have included Enrique Bolaos and Arnoldo Alemn, the latter of whom defeated the National Opposition Union of Violeta Chamorro in 1996. This country was a Cold War ally of the US during the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza, who had overseen the assassination of populist leader Augusto Csar Sandino, but became a bastion of socialism after its rightist Contras were defeated by the Sandinistas of Daniel Ortega. For 10 points, name this Central American nation with capital at Managua.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1481533ea5743d2aaef676ade9dc535",
            "input": "Derivatives of these chemical compounds include a nested type, synthesized by Motiei, and an endohedral type which encapsulates another atom. They have been produced by Hauflers arching technique, and Taylor showed that they could be synthesized by the pyrolysis of naphthalene, but the traditional method of producing them is the Kratschmer-Huffman or K-H Method. Any method of synthesis will require separating them from soot, for example by dissolving in toluene. Harold Kroto, Robert Curl, and Richard Smalley gained fame for the discovery of the archetypal one, described as a truncated icosahedron composed of hexagons and pentagons. Allotropes of carbon, FTP, name these compounds whose best known example is named after an architect Buckminster.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ecfa9e72a18496fbf0e2a9cf115b5a7",
            "input": "One character in this novel uses the deceitful governess Mrs. Younge to plan an elopement with Georgiana. One character in this work stays with the Gardiners while visiting London. This novel features the haughty Catherine de Bourgh, who supports the clergyman Mr. Collins, a man who marries the protagonists best friend Charlotte Lucas. The protagonists youngest sister Lydia causes a scandal by eloping with the villainous officer Mr. Wickam in this novel. The protagonist of this novel helps match up her sister Jane with Mr. Bingley, before finally accepting Fitzwilliam Darcys second proposal. For 10 points, name this Jane Austen novel about Elizabeth Bennet.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10ce4e55d0044412812351fac1ed8000",
            "input": "The distribution of these events is the subject of the Mogi donut hypothesis. The mechanism of these events can be calculated using a \"beach ball\" diagram, and such mechanisms include the double-couple source. The frequency of these events is given by an equation setting that value equal to 10 to the power of a minus bM, which is a law partly named for Gutenberg and notably doesn't apply during \"swarms\" of these events. The VAN method attempts to predict these events by using low-level (*) electrical signals. One theory about these events proposes that they are caused by strain energy being spontaneously released; that idea was posited by Harry Fielding Reid and is called the elastic rebound hypothesis. Another common method of predicting them measures anomalies in the ratio of P-wave to S-wave velocity, and the MMS has largely replaced the scale previously used to measure these events, which is a log-base-10 scale. For 10 points, name these events whose severity is measured by the Richter scale.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d158ac8889184cd6a78a8fa8a02014cb",
            "input": "Sylvain Salnave overthrew Fabre Geffrard to become leader of this country in 1867. At the Battle of Fort Riviere in this nation, rebel Cacos were defeated by US Marines under Smedley Butler. One revolutionary leader in this country was imprisoned after signing a peace treaty with Charles Leclerc, although this nation's independence was secured by men like (*) Henri Christophe and Jean-Jacques Dessalines. A later ruler of this country used the Tontons Macoutes, or bogeymen, to suppress the people he ruled; that man went by the nickname Papa Doc. For 10 points, name this Caribbean country long dominated by the Duvaliers, which moved towards independence under Toussaint Louverture and which suffered a devastating earthquake in 2010.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79ccaed8e7cd455fab4b512c29257df9",
            "input": "Allusions to The Poker Night and one character entering with snapdragons are among the references to Tennessee Williams in this play. One character compares herself to Lady Chatterley and claimed to be revirginized by annulment, while her husband shot her with a prop shotgun after she recalled beating him in a boxing match. One character tells a story of how a boy's father died in a car crash as the boy tried to avoid hitting a porcupine, while the events in this play occur after two characters return from a party held by a college president, Martha's father. FTP, identify the play that also features Nick, Honey, and George by Edward Albee.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c145bdfc185a4882b4aa33c0210b1560",
            "input": "Opponents of this man included Luhi-ishan and Kastubila, king of Kazalla. Succeeded by his sons Rimush and Manishtushu, he would make his daughter Enheduanna priestess of the moon-god Nanna, illustrating his respect of the old cults. Beginning his career as a cup bearer in the court of king Ur-Zababa, he would soon take over the city-state of Kish. From there, he would turn on Uruk and its King Lugal-Zage-Si, and conquer most of Sumeria. Building a new capital, after which he would be named, he would move on to conquer most of the fertile crescent: from the lands of Elam in the east, over Mesopotamia, to the Mediterranean coast in the west. Of Semitic origin, FTP, name this 2300 BC ruler whose birth story is very much reminiscent of Moses's",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92d1b70ae7f240db9b607a29f7aad4bd",
            "input": "This symphony was the best-received work of the composer during his lifetime, and it was the last of his pieces he saw premiered. It has only two movements: the first is a setting of the Latin hymn, \"Veni creator spiritus\". The second movement can be divided into three sections that approximate the slow movement, scherzo, and finale of a traditional symphony. As a setting of the final scene of Goethe's \"Faust\", its subject matter seems distant from the first movement, but the composer saw them in a similarly spiritual light. FTP, name this 1906 work whose call for an unusually large chorus and orchestra resulted in the nickname the \"Symphony of a Thousand\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bad283a49a81492f846a2daa1086af34",
            "input": "One play by this man sees two prisoners fight for the attention of the illiterate murderer Green-Eyes in their prison cell, and his time in refugee camps led to the publication of Prisoner of Love. Besides Deathwatch, this author wrote a novel in which the protagonist tricks Vic but wishes to make Gil Turko his accomplice in murder and love and who sails on Le Vengeur. Besides Querelle of Brest and Funeral Rites, this author wrote about the sameness of 1930s Europe in an autobiographical novel and made himself the narrator of a work which sees Mimosa beat up the transvestite Divine, whose lover Darling soon moves in with the title character of that work, Our Lady of the Flowers. Archibald Absalon Wellington reenacts the murder of a woman by the titular group in another drama by this man, who wrote of the clients of the titular establishment filling their roles in Irma's mock government in his The Balcony. His best-known work sees the two title characters perform a sadomasochistic ceremony as they role-play their mistress. For ten points, name this French author of The Blacks and The Maids.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0152b9c28ae84c1280f64ede6167a302",
            "input": "Many concert pianists use this composer's \"The Punch\" as an encore piece, which comes from his set of piano works in which each piece represents a different doll. He wrote a symphonic trilogy about World War One consisting of symphonies titled \"The War,\" \"The Victory and \"The Peace.\" This composer of A Prole de Bebe was championed by Arthur Rubinstein whose personality inspired his Rudepoema. He included pieces called \"Woodpecker\" and \"Settimino\" in a set of 14 pieces inspired by a type of street music called Choros, while another work includes movements dedicated to \"teddy boy\" culture and \"The Little Train of Caipira.\" This composer used eight solo cellos in the fifth member of a set of pieces whose movements have both a traditional title and a title taken from Portuguese folk music. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote Bachianas Brasileiras.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb55968252d049e39d2aafae80c6c3da",
            "input": "One character in this work pretends to sing a fashionable song from \"The Vain Precaution\" in a scene that ends in the quintet \"Buona Sera\". This opera's tenor pretends to be a drunken soldier when he meets the servant girl Berta, while in the aria \"Calumny is a little breeze\", Doctor Bartolo receives advice from Don Basilio. Its popular overture was intended for its composer's Aureliano in Palmira, while its first act sees Rosina describe her love for Lindoro in \"Una voce poco fa\". This opera's title character first appears singing the aria \"Largo al Factotum\" and aids Count Almaviva in wooing Rosina. For 10 points, name this opera about Figaro, composed by Gioacchino Rossini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a1ee304f5bee4db7b26e9bcb81610d62",
            "input": "The Akhand Path, requiring forty-eight hours of continuous reading of this book, is undertaken during each of the main gurpub festivals, and although the Khalsa Consensus translation of it is available online, the faithful are expected to learn Gurmukhi in order to read it in the original. It features hymns by seven men, including its compilers Arjun and Gobind, but its most important hymn is the Japji, written by Nanak. Accorded the status of a guru, FTP, what is this sacred book of Sikhism",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8342666ffabe42408d228fae3217046d",
            "input": "This painting, which depicts a scene in the Alcazar Palace, shows its artist wearing a black robe with a red cross and holding an easel in his left hand. Its artist's patrons are depicted in the mirror at the rear center of this work. Don Jose Nieto stands in the doorway in the rear of this painting, which also depicts one of the titular figures offering a small red cup to the central child. A large massif and dwarf also stand near the Infanta Margarita in, for 10 points, what 1656 painting by Diego Velasquez",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2773d30a0481432082ecc2dc91477129",
            "input": "A Dali riff on this painting shows a flying horse in the background and a man emerging from a stone bust on the left. In the original, a woman in a blue dress on the left holds her companion's hand, several figures at he bottom look out at the viewer, a man in white hands a (*) lyre to the title figure, and a winged attendant places a crown on the poet's head. For 10 points name this Ingres painting showing a man becoming a god.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b6fb10d07524aa1be2dff359d4b5115",
            "input": "Amborella trichopoda is the oldest surviving example of the \"basal\" type of these organisms, which are related to magnoliids. One of these organisms' gametes passes through the style before engaging in double fertilization. These organisms produce a structure that contains endosperm and is surrounded by a pericarp. These organisms are divided into (*) monocots and dicots depending on the number of seed leaves they possess. Unlike a related class of organisms, their seeds are contained in a fruit, and their most notable feature contains stamens and pistils. For ten points, name these flowering plants, which are often contrasted with gymnosperms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f668bc99212948bcada8a2d0756db215",
            "input": "He issued an edict stating that the human body of Christ only seemed to suffer at the crucifixion, a doctrine called Aphtharto-docetism. He launched an attack on North Africa to aid the Vandal king Hilderich, and his finance minister Peter Barsymes created a state monopoly on silk. He expelled pagan teachers from the Academy in Athens. For 10 points, name this man who nearly lost his throne in the Nika revolt, was aided in his rule by his wife Theodora and general Belisarius. and issued a namesake code of laws during his sixth-century reign in the Byzantine Empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e875c960d344ee1995c850042899165",
            "input": "The title character thinks of Rose, his maid, who is presumably being raped by the groom in one story by this author, who also wrote an ape who trained at the title locale to become a human in another story. In addition to \"A Country Doctor\" and \"A Report to An Academy,\" this author also wrote about the death of the title character in the Black Woods in another story, while this author also wrote about Karl Rossman's wanderings in the title country in another work. A novel about the land surveyor K. hoping to work at the title building was written by this author of \"The Hunter Gracchus\" and Amerika, and he also wrote about the mysterious arrest of the banker Josef K in another novel. FTP, name this Czech author of The Castle, The Trial, and a story about Gregor Samsa's transformation into a bug, \"The Metamorphosis. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6615ddbbf86f415ca22cdb34e41d1cc8",
            "input": "An author from this country wrote a novel about the rhetorician Gabriel Santoro harshly criticizing A Life in Exile, a book written by his son, also named Gabriel Santoro. That author of The Informers is named Juan Gabriel Vasquez. Another author from this country wrote a novella about a lonely retired military man who lives with his wife and a rooster which he is training for a cockfight. That author also wrote a novel in which the two brothers of Angela Vicario murder Santiago Nasar. This country is home to the author of No One Writes to the Colonel, whose most famous novel takes place in the town of Macondo and follows the Buendia family. For 10 points, name this country home to the author of Chronicle of a Death Foretold and One Hundred Years of Solitude, Gabriel Garcia Marquez.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-245f80da97c54221af4d227c79d0f597",
            "input": "One reform proclamation in this polity was the Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber, and a period of reform here was known as the Tulip Period. This polity employed local governors called Armatoles. Karayazici led bandits here in the Jelali revolts. This nation used land grants called Timar, and it employed the devsirme system. Treaties governing the rights of foreigners here were known as Capitulations. This nation undertook the Tanzimat reforms, and its government was referred to as the Sublime Porte. Local rebellions against this polity were led by Alexander Ypsilanti and by Muhammad Ali. The dissolution of this empire was accomplished by the treaties of Lausanne and Svres. For 10 points, name this sick man of Europe, an empire lasting until 1922 in Istanbul.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a50b443e20754365873b92b32beacd6c",
            "input": "Critical and Short introductions to this philosopher have been written by William Outhwaite and James Gordon Finlayson respectively. Dialogues with this thinker and Derrida are found in Philosophy in a Time of Terror while his closest American colleague and usual translator is Thomas McCarthy. A discussion of Durkheim, Mead and purposive activity opens the second volume of his best-known work. That volume is called Lifeworld and System while volume one is Reason and Rationalization of Society. Both volumes discuss concepts central to this philosophers thought, including universal pragmatics and ideal speech situations in deliberative democracy. Also known for his Between Facts and Norms and Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, FTP, identify this still-living member of the Frankfurt school, a student of Adorno best known for his Theory of Communicative Action.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a4b1e09e997411bbfd029f6292b0ad7",
            "input": "The Schlenk equilibrium, which can be affected by the presence of dioxane, describes the stability of these compounds, whose synthesis can be improved by the addition of mercuric chloride amalgamates. They react with nitriles to form intermediate imine anions, and dry carbon dioxide can be bubbled through them to create carboxylic acids, which themselves do not form an addition product with these. In what is sometimes called their namesake's reaction, they act as strong nucleophiles to form tertiary or secondary alcohols from ketones or aldehydes. For 10 points, name these compounds formed by reacting an alkyl halide with magnesium, named for a French guy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea5f94f5c1714bfa823b98a6bf787b20",
            "input": "It is not the luminiferous ether, but in the Trouton Noble experiment, a zero measure for this quantity caused a null result for changes in the orientation of a parallel-plate capacitor. In a type of motion, the absence of this phenomenon causes the right-hand-sides of the Euler angles to become zero, and it is given by the magnetic moment cross the b-field for a current loop. When the angle between the spinning and vertical axis remains constant during rotation, the precessing motion is said to be induced to this phenomenon. This vector quantity is equal to the rate of change of angular momentum. For 10 points, identify this quantity which describes the force required to push open a door at various distances from the hinges.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f798dac97cf4772b9abbcd3d7c33c1f",
            "input": "the right side of this painting, a man in red grasps the bridge of his nose as he extends his other arm upward. On the left of this work, a man in blue has his face and arms against a stone wall, just around the corner from a lamp that burns on a stand. Three people in the left background of this painting ascend a staircase, not witnessing the title event. On the floor rests an open manacle, which was probably used to bind this work's title character. Its title character sits on a bed with his left index finger in the air as Plato's hand rests on his knee. For 10 points, name this Jacque Louis-David painting the shows the title philosopher reaching for a cup of hemlock.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5163d79ae969494e949d23e529988db0",
            "input": "The lemma named for this person states that if a prime number divides a product, then it divides a   factor of that product. Janos Bolyai and Nikolai Lobachevsky developed a system that was notable  for not following all of this person's rules. A so-called orchard is named for this person because of   his algorithm for finding greatest common divisors. A book he wrote states that if a line segment  intersects two lines, then the lines meet on the side of the segment where the interior angle sum is  less than two right angles, the last of his five postulates. Name this mathematician whose Elements  was a standard text of geometry.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3a05f2c2b6f4dcb873b6d5ece211d64",
            "input": "This instrument represents King Solomon in Ernest Bloch's work, Schelomo. Luigi Boccherini composed twelve concertos for this instrument, which Gabriel Faure used to accompany the piano in his Sicilienne. Tchaikovsky wrote Variations on a Rococo Theme for this instrument and orchestra, and Dvorak wrote a (*) concerto in B minor for it. In response to the First World War, Edward Elgar wrote a work for this instrument in E minor, which was famously played by Jacqueline du Pre. For ten points, name this second-lowest string instrument in the violin family, which is played by Pablo Casals and Yo-Yo Ma.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd1f6c86bba04cb28af581cd292e7db4",
            "input": "This man wrote a play in which the Duke of Alba orders the execution of the title count. This author of the poetry collection The Roman Elegies wrote a poem in which a supernatural being attacks a child while the child and father are riding on a horse. That poem is entitled \"\"The Erl-King. \"\" One of his characters shoots himself after being unable to be with his beloved (*) Charlotte. He also wrote a work in which the title scholar is tempted by and makes a wager with Mephistopheles. For 10 points, name this author of The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c7fc2004a174b5ead9c863d2c89ac12",
            "input": "This colonial power established the base of Hughli in Bengal, which was lost to the British in 1658, and this colonial power's other early Indian settlements include Cannanore, Diu, Cochin and Fort Anjediva. This colonial power was also the first to colonize Kerala. This colonial power vanquished the Jaffna Dynasty and established the city of (*) Colombo during its occupation of Sri Lanka, though they were unable to defeat the Kingdom of Kandy. During Operation Vijay, this colonial power lost its last possession on the Subcontinent as India captured Goa. This country's first outpost in India was established at Calicut in 1498. For ten points, name this homeland of Vasco da Gama, a European nation with capital Lisbon.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a27a091e51b44dfa99864f33c4d9ef5e",
            "input": "This amino acid is found on the active site of the E1, E2, and E3 enzymes involved in polyubiquitination. The domain between the L1 and L2 domains of the Insulin growth factor-Insulin receptor are rich in residues of this amino acid, while the n-acetyl modified variety of this amino acid is an antioxidant, and is used in treating acetaminophen poisoning. Compounds that are being tested to treat conditions like Chagas disease inhibit a protease with this amino acid at its active site, and those proteases are exemplified by caspases and papain. The termination codon UGA sometimes encodes for a selenium containing variant of this amino acid, which is synthesized from serine and a similarly named compound and it exists as a dimer in oxidizing environments, containing a disulfide bond. For 10 points, identify this amino acid, which, along with methionine has sulfur in its side chain.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84797e18bfc34d4daefbccfa9884e964",
            "input": "Synthetic division can be used to divide these mathematical concepts. The fundamental theorem of algebra says that non-constant examples of these have a zero, and some of their zeroes may have (*) multiplicity. For 10 points, name these types of equations in which the exponents of the variable are natural numbers, and which are called quadratics if they have degree two.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82980f1ea179441791b33bcfb8c7ec65",
            "input": "In Die Fledermaus, Rosalinde sings about the music of this country in the aria \"Klange der Heimat,\" which takes the form of a czardas [CHAR-dahsh], a folk dance from this country. One composer from this country began a piece with a \"musical sneeze\"; the piece is the Hary Janos Suite, and the composer is Zoltan Kodaly. Brahms imitated the music of this country in a set of dances originally written for piano four-hands. A composer from this country wrote the Faust Symphony and imitated the sound of its gypsy bands in a set of virtuosic works for solo piano. For 10 points name this home country of Franz Liszt, who wrote nineteen rhapsodies named for it.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7435a38538d247edbc5cbbfbf1cd0cf0",
            "input": "Removal of one of these objects from a carbonyl creates an enolate. Their magnetic resonance is used in the form of NMR that has typical chemical shifts of zero to twelve. One of them is transformed in electron capture. While they do not exist freely in solution, they can combine with water to form a (*) hydronium (\"\"high\"\"-DRO-nee-um) ion. The Bronsted-Lowry definition describes acids as donators of these particles. For 10 points, name this positive particle found in the nucleus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a132820748ad405194b8e11abdccae45",
            "input": "Slichot is recited on the Saturday before this holiday, a feature of which is inspired from Leviticus 23:24 and Numbers 29:1. The Ten Days of Penitence, or Yamim Noraim, begin on this holiday, while tashlikh is typically performed in the afternoon. Tzimmes and challah are traditional foods served on this holiday, which is celebrated on the first of Tishri. Due to its association with Mosess revelation on Mount Sinai, the blowing of the shofar, or the rams horn, proclaims, FTP, which holiday, the Jewish New Year",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd272e0526864af0bcfda9c58c20ef82",
            "input": "This organ affected by Liddle's syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome can develop Wilm's tumors. People with Alport syndrome lose function of this organ that is home to Malpighian pyramid cells, the efferent artery, the afferent vein, and the distal convoluted tubule. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus in this organ that sees fluids flow through the loop of Henle. The ureters leave this organ, and the filtering of blood by nephrons in it can be assisted by dialysis. For 10 points, identify these paired organs that clean out the blood.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a1321132c85474b998e4af43b76d342",
            "input": "By a referendum that may have been rigged, the residents of Sopron decided in 1921 not to join this country, which was later led by a priest named Ignaz Seipel. A plebiscite in 1920 allowed this country to retain its province of Carinthia; that vote had been required by the Treaty of Saint Germain. Its parliament was disbanded in 1933 by Engelbert Dollfuss, who was assassinated by Nazi agents in 1934 a few months after clashes fighting broke out in Linz. For 10 points, name this country that was annexed to Germany via the Anschluss.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e038f49aeb4643f68bfc8d0bd9735b16",
            "input": "Melinoe is born part black and part white when Zeus takes this figure's form to seduce his wife. One story sees him healed by Paeon when struck with Hercules's arrow at Pylos. He sits on a throne of ebony and is often seen with a horn of plenty or a scepter, while another of his possessions was a gift from the Cyclopes he once leant to Perseus, a helmet of invisibility. Helios was a witness to an event which saw him emerging from the earth in his chariot among some women picking flowers and later feeding one of them three seeds of pomegranate, forcing her to live with him for part of the year. For 10 points, name this abductor of Persephone whose brothers were given the sea and upperworld, while he was left with the Greek underworld.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-beda4ef8b77c4d2684e10ad5f8021b8d",
            "input": "The Chandrashekar Limit gives the upper bound on this quantity of white dwarf stars, and the product of the rotational analogue of this quantity and angular acceleration yields torque. This quantity appears along with velocity squared in the equation for kinetic energy. Einstein formulated an equation that equates the product of this quantity and the square of the speed of light to energy. For 10 points, name this quantity that, when multiplied by gravity, yields an object's weight and is measured in kilograms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cbf038ad604f4abf832912ca3e3c6189",
            "input": "The omniscience of one of these figures couldn't save him from being flung into space from a millet stalk, while another of these figures owns a pair of jewels that control the tides. One group of these figures travels around on the Treasure Ship and includes an individual who grew a skeleton after being born a leech child. Another of them owns a ring of drums with which he creates thunder. They also include a dancer who married the guardian of the bridge between heaven and earth and created such merriment that the one representing the sun emerged from her cave. For 10 points, identify these deities that include Ryujin, Raijin, Uzume, and Amaterasu.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-732362f97c6948f091fe99eb769c7e63",
            "input": "His studies in conducting began at the Curtis Institute of Music, where he received the only \"A\" Fritz Reiner ever gave and continued at Tanglewood with Serge Koussevitzky. His first big break came in 1943, when, without any rehearsal, he substituted in concert for the ailing Bruno Walter. In 1953, he became the first American to conduct at La Scala and in 1989, he conducted a performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony to celebrate the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, that changed the word \"joy\" to \"freedom\" in \"Ode to Joy\". He was preceded by Dmitri Mitropoulos and succeeded by Pierre Boulez as Music Director of the New York Philharmonic, and his tenure was noted for his educational broadcasts for children, the Young People's Concerts. For 10 points, who is this conductor and composer of the musical, West Side Story",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf05972e71aa471eb3e2f5fe00602341",
            "input": "One section of this work is entitled \"Education for Choice\" and some of its case studies are Fala, Siva, and Mala. This work explains how the taupou system can be skirted using chicken blood, and implies that the moetotolo practice is widespread. The theory that Tau islanders were playing a practical joke on its author has notably been advanced by the author who described its \"Anthropological Myth,\" Derek Freeman. This work contentiously claimed that adolescents were less stressed while transitioning to adulthood in cultures where teens experienced less sexual inhibition. FTP, name this anthropological work centering on Polynesian culture by Margaret Mead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c075a9f95ebc4e8b9e3f4c741148501d",
            "input": "In the first scene of this opera, the protagonist comes onstage with a bear that pesters his surrogate father, who responds with his \"Starling Song. \" After he bathes in the blood of the antagonist in Act Two, the protagonist is able to see through the lies of that surrogate father, and proceeds to kill him. The blood also enables him to talk to a wood-bird, who explains how he can use the Tarnhelm to transport himself to Valkyrie Rock, where, at the beginning of Act Three, he must break the spear of Wotan with his newly-forged sword Notung. FTP, name this third opera in Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle, in which the title character awakens Brunnhilde.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb9b1aaa934a409cabc111263ff5950e",
            "input": "A toy nutcracker is said to be represented by the section titled Gnomus. French women quarrelling in the marketplace is the basis of its section The Market at Limoges. Promenades connect the various sections of this work, whose most famous orchestration was arranged by Ravel. Based on the creations of Victor Hartmann, it contains such sections as Baba Yaga and its last, The Great Gate of Kiev. For 10 points, name this 1874 suite for piano, written by Modest Mussorgsky, which meant to portray one examining various works of art.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8578a38b92d243c2b5dd9be2d0ed5270",
            "input": "It can lead to the so-called shoe leather cost, and although Robert Barro argued the opposite, the Tobin Effect claims that it aids growth. The Fisher and Marshall-Edgeworth indices are sometimes used for it, and seigniorage is sometimes known as this kind of tax. Denoted by pi in a Taylor rule, it may be targeted. Commonly computed using a Laspeyres or Paasche index, it causes menu costs, and it may be desired to escape a liquidity trap. The core' variety is important for its predictive ability. It is also determined on a given market basket by the CPI, and comes in demand-pull and cost-push varieties. The difference between real and nominal interest rates, name, for 10 points, this situation, which the Phillips Curve describes as a tradeoff against unemployment.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1dd7912a55e9460299cba31a0dc7485d",
            "input": "One story involving this figure has him calling out to the raven and the sea-duck to gather his pearly tears to which only the latter complies and is awarded with glorious plumage. This character is responsible for catching the giant fire-pike and used its jawbone to craft the first kantele. Another event involving this character is his slaying of Otso the Honeyeater with a three-pronged spear while another has this character summoning a dwarf from the seas to chop down a giant oak tree blocking out the sun. This figure is rescued from (*) falling into the sea by a giant eagle after catching and losing a salmon that was actually his music-contest won bride, Aino. This character once created a windstorm to carry his friend from the top of fir tree to the land of Pohyola and then convinced that friend, Ilmarinen to forge the magical Sampo. The only son of the great mother goddess, Ilmatar, FTP, identify this eternal bard' of Finnish folklore, the main hero of the Kalevala.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8846c6366be492db6ac3f30c3764ad1",
            "input": "General Grant was confident that the Confederates would remain at Corinth, and thus failed to order adequate defenses. No defensive entrenchments, no cavalry patrols, and few picket lines were established. The battle's name came from a simple log meeting house a few miles from the river, and it is ironically named for the Biblical village meaning \"place of peace. \" The Confederates under Beauregard succeeded in a surprise attack, but on the next day thirteen thousand Union and eleven thousand Confederate soldiers were dead. FTP, what was this bloody battle that took place on April 6, 1862",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dfd4a5e0e4534545a23f521114a7c09e",
            "input": "With Himiltrude, this ruler produced a son with a hunchback that rebelled against his father and was subsequently confined to a monastery. He was married at one point to a daughter of the king of Desiderius, before he defeated him, thus assisting Pope Adrian I. A military incident involving this ruler involved this ruler being appeased by Husayn of Zaragoza, then afterwards being ambushed in Ronceveaux Pass in the Pyrenees. This man declare himself King of the Lombards after he defeated them at Pavia. His biographer was Einhard, and he ruled for a time with Carloman. For ten points, name this first Holy Roman Emperor, a son of Peppin the Short that is the namesake of the Carolingian Dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f61e11a3b42452e986bb0d1cd405a30",
            "input": "Of great importance in this author's life was her close relationship with her sister Cassandra. Her first literary effort came at age 15 with a burlesque of Samuel Richardson entitled Love and Friendship. The second edition of J.E. Leigh's Memoir about her saw the first publication of The Watsons and Lady Susan, but she is better known for novels like Persuasion and Mansfield Park. FTP, who was this novelist responsible for Northanger Abbey and Pride and Prejudice",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e65c4e10d6744707a3c5aa250bdb1e7b",
            "input": "During his tenure as ambassador to the Dutch Republic, this man was able to obtain a loan for 5 million guilder, and on another occasion he participated in the capture of the Martha. The Direct House Tax he signed led to Fries's Rebellion. As part of his efforts to expand the navy, he commissioned the USS Constitution, though he avoided using it to expand the Quasi-War. In an attempt to quell growing criticism, this man signed the Alien and Sedition Acts, though Alexander Hamilton spoiled his re-election bid by splitting part of the Federalist Party in favor of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. For 10 points, identify this first resident of the White House who succeeded George Washington as president.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33a69e0f339a477b90ae95e21d780b54",
            "input": "The volcano Bar is this countrys tallest peak, while an active volcano called Iraz erupted during JFKs visit here in 1963. Gulfs that indent its coast include Chiriqu and Mosquito, and its major cities include Bocas del Toro and Yaviza. The manmade Gatun Lake forms a large portion of this countrys most distinctive feature, which is flanked by the cities of Cristobal, Coco Solo, and Balboa in addition to its namesake capital city. For 10 points, name this country bordered by Costa Rica and Colombia, with a namesake canal that connects the Atlantic and Pacific.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1646657dda9c42af8522e40fbc2b64ad",
            "input": "This piece's fourth movement includes a very slow parody of Offenbach's \"Galop Infernal,\" while another quotes from \"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star\" and an aria from The Barber of Seville. One movement of this piece uses a pattern of ascending fifths to represent hopping. Only violins play in its movement \"Characters With [*] Long Ears.\" This piece's composer reused a xylophone theme from his earlier Danse Macabre to represent the skeletons of its \"Fossils\" movement. One movement of this piece uses a cello to depict a bird moving gracefully over the water. For 10 points, name this fourteen-piece musical zoo which includes \"The Swan,\" written by Camille Saint-Saens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d5c1ff48df99474e8c37eca50286ecd9",
            "input": "MuSK acts with rapsyn to colocalize receptors for this molecule when it binds to the proteoglycan agrin found in the basal lamina. Binding of this molecule to those receptors causes a rotation of five transmembrane M2 helices. Alpha-bungarotoxin blocks the activity of this molecule, which is broken down by a namesake esterase rather than reuptaken in the synaptic cleft. The enzyme that catalyzes this molecule's synthesis is at abnormally low concentrations in Alzheimer's patients. Black widow venom stimulates excess release of this molecule, while botulinum toxin blocks its release; both result in paralysis. For 10 points, name this molecule found at the neuromuscular junction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd7c4b0b9a01424eb818126d9349d676",
            "input": "red truck approaching two oncoming cars appears in this artist's Death on the Ridge Road. Another of his paintings depicts the town where he founded an art colony with Edward Rowan, while another depicts a man in red holding his hand out towards a young George Washington, who is holding an axe. In addition to Stone City and Parson (*) Weem's Fable, this artist also painted a lone horse and its rider in front of a church with a tall steeple in The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere. He also depicted Emanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware behind three old women his satirical Daughters of Revolution. Dr. Byron McKeeby and the artist's sister Nan are the subjects of his most famous painting, which is set in front of a white farm house. For 10 points, name this American Regionalist artist, best known for his iconic painting American Gothic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1e890c4fcfed4ef3ad46f65c0c40bd5b",
            "input": "Near this work's end, we hear of a count of known munificence. The title character's \"spot of joy\" was a \"faint half flush that [died] along her throat,\" but in an ominous moment the speaker states, \"I gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together. \"  The speaker mentions his \"nine-hundred-years-old name\" and points out a bronze sculpture of a sea-horse being tamed by Neptune. \"A heart...too soon made glad\" is considered a failing of the title character, whose likeness is preserved in a painting by Fr Pandolf. FTP name this Robert Browning poem in which a Duke discusses a dead wife.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11fb91552d6d40bdbcb4253dccdc7a4f",
            "input": "A cyclobutane containing this functional group is yielded after adipic acid reacts in the Franchimont reaction. Hydrolysis of trichloromethyl aryl ketimines produces an aromatic compound of this functional group in Houben-Fischer synthesis. Von Braun degradation produces compounds with this functional group, compounds that can also be produced from diazonium in the Sandmeyer reaction. Acidic hydrolysis of compounds with this function group produces carboxylic acids, while neutral hydrolysis produces ammonium salts of carboxylic acids. The tendency of this functional group to evolve a certain noxious gas leads to its alternative name of cyano. For ten points, identify this functional group, which consists of a carbon triple-bonded to a nitrogen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25710d4d9b784752ae8c184efd8865a1",
            "input": "Bertolt Brecht left an adaptation of this play unfinished at his death; that adaptation was completed by Wekwerth and Tenscher and staged in 1962. In this work's opening scene, one man is called \"the great toe of this assembly... being one o' the lowest, basest, poorest / Of this most wise rebellion,\" after another relates Aesop's fable of the body's revolt against the stomach. Act II, scene iii sees Sicinius and Brutus set their plot in motion among the masses, eventually leading the title character to side with his enemies, the Volsces. After entreaties from his mother, Volumnia, that character is killed by Aufidius's conspirators in, FTP, what Shakespeare tragedy about a Roman general who leads an enemy army against Rome to seek revenge",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0610ccc19b84f6daee111e14e0e920f",
            "input": "This writer's period of preeminence was brief. After the failure of Pertharite, he withdrew from the stage for eight years, and then reemerged with Oedipe, only to find that the direct style of his chief rival was more far popular than his own complexity. This author of Rodogune and Andromede had experienced an earlier setback, when the Acadamie Francaise had censured his most popular play. FTP name this rival of Racine and author of plays like Polyeucte, Mde, and Le Cid.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09b0a8e3c5b44f608c690f559fca1a3b",
            "input": "Francis Maitland has claimed that a treatise written by Richard, grand-nephew of Roger the Poor, was \"one of the most wonderful things\" of this man's reign. In addition to the Dialogus de Scaccario, other economic developments of his reign include the development of the possessory writ and the practice of scutage, in which men could pay their way out of military service. This man also attempted to reassert the supremacy of the state over the church in the Constitutions of Clarendon. FTP, name this Plantagenet king of England, famous for his clashes with Archbishop Thomas Beckett, and his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0a97a72043d4f6abcf4a7bc9bb2d8dc",
            "input": "One movement of this piece contains the refrain \"Dark is life, is death,\" and it ends with the line \"Blue lights the horizon / forever... forever...\" The last movement contains notoriously difficult-to-execute instructions to disregard the tempo and spill over barlines. The third movement is in the ternary and pentatonic, \"Of Youth,\" while the second movement laments dying flowers and fleeting beauty, \"The Lonely Soul in Autumn. \" This work features a horn theme in its \"The Drunkard in Spring\" movement, while the first movement is \"The Drinking Song\" of the land's misery. FTP, name this work inspired by the poetry of Li Po, a composition for two vocal soloists and orchestra by Gustav Mahler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5faaaff98e6a4d6e8d70801426598a6a",
            "input": "Nk'mip is this country's only hot desert, located near the town of Osoyoos. This country is home to the world's largest freshwater sand dunes and bar system, which is located in its most populous political subdivision. The volcano Mount Garibaldi is found in this country, and this country's highest point is at Mount Logan. This country's longest river was dubbed \"disappointment\" river by its founder. That river is the Mackenzie River which has its source at the Great Slave Lake. For 10 points, name this North American country with capital at Ottawa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0ed75c4563f4e828596b58ba0dbdd85",
            "input": "John Parker Hale was recalled from his post as minister to this country after Horatio Perry accused him of tax evasion. Daniel Sickles also served as minister to this country, in which role he was rumored to have had an affair with its potential queen. This country paid the U.S. an 80,000 dollar indemnity after the execution of 53 men, including Joseph Fry, when Fry's ship was seized by its forces. The freedom of a manumitted slave is compared to the undying nature of the earth in an essay \"\"On the American Dead in\"\" this country, which refers to a group of 2,800 Americans holding their position at a river in this nation. By way of a certain treaty, the U.S. agreed to pay all legal claims against this nation up to five million dollars in exchange for territory - that agreement, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, saw this country renounce claims to Oregon territory but retain land west of the Sabine River. FTP, name this nation where the Abraham Lincoln Brigade fought in a war, and who signed the Adams-Onis Treaty relinquishing its control over Florida.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8c57486df3d48248e911f0d8ea08c64",
            "input": "In Egypt, this deity's cult was governed by Ptolemy II Philopator, who was said to be a follower. In 186 BCE, the cult of this deity was \"discovered\" in Rome amid scandal following testimony by Hispala and Aebutius, and then suppressed. This god was associated with many others, including the Phrygian Sabazios and Zagreus of the religion of Orpheus, who was said to have started his cult. In one myth, he turned a group of pirates who kidnapped him into dolphins, and he was known as twice-born as he was delivered from Zeus's thigh after that god had taken him from the burned corpse of his mother, Semele. FTP, name this god of wine and revelry, often known as Bacchus",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69b00d8b658b4517a620b48fdbb3f869",
            "input": "This man succeeded William L. Marcy as Governor of New York and was succeeded in his highest cabinet post by Elihu B. Washburne. This American was the co-namesake of a treaty with Richard Lyons to help curb the Atlantic slave trade, and he helped acquire a territory later devastated by the Good Friday Earthquake of 1964. This man sent a dispatch to Great Britain stating that Charles Wilkes had violated the freedom of the seas to resolve the (*) Trent Affair. He was able to survive a knife attack by a confederate of George Atzerodt named Lewis Powell. Along with Salmon Chase and Edward Bates, this man formed the third member of the so-called Team of Rivals. For 10 points, name this Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln, best known for purchasing Alaska.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62c69735b6924c9ebf29160d4fb553b5",
            "input": "The oxidation of one of these compounds with a Jones reagent yields carboxylic acid, and they are the product of the reaction of a ketone with a Grignard reagent. Esters are formed via a reaction of carboxylic acid and this compound in a process named for Fischer. Consisting of a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom, they are given the formula R-OH. For 10 points, name this class of compounds exemplified by methanol and ethanol, the latter of which is found in hand sanitizer and beer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62b58ab4c7df4b668d4e66139d91d4a9",
            "input": "In the city in which he reigns, he is allowed to sleep with the bride before the husband, and the axe Might of Heroes as well as the bow Anshan were created specifically for him. He attempts to gain immortality by fighting off sleep for six days and seven nights, and he was told to let Lugulbanda guide him to victory against the guardian of the cedar forest. The son of Ninsun, he and his friend killed Humbaba, and the Bull of Heaven is sent to kill him, but after killing it, Ishtar uses disease to kill his best friend Enkidu. FTP, identify this subject of a Babylonian epic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b08b663ede0440abca85ea05352a153",
            "input": "This country's President Jorge Pacheco began to use torture techniques in response to labor  uprisings, leading to the rise of the Tupamaro movement. This country's victory at the Battle of Las  Piedras helped secure its independence from Spain, and its forces were led by national hero Jose (*)  Artigas at that battle. A civil war in this country saw one side supported by another country's dictator  Juan Manuel de Rosas until the intervention of Justo Jose de Urquiza, and that war in this country  involved the liberal forces of Fructuoso Rivera squaring off against Manuel Oribe, who led the Blancos. That same civil war in this country involved Giuseppe Garibaldi, who led its navy. For 10 points, name  this South American country located on the north bank of the Rio de la Plata.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1ae32238038d4b82ad6a3d5ed0c81d34",
            "input": "The highest mountain in this country is the Maromokotro, in the Tsaratanana massif in the north. The central part of the country consists of savannah-like highlands, separated from the east coast by tropical rain forests. Including the provinces of Mahajanga and Toliara, it was dominated by the Merina kingdom in the 19th century, until being colonized by France after the Franco-Hova war. Beyond the capital, Toamasina and Antsirabe are among the largest cities on this fourth largest island in the world. It has a particular fauna including several species of lemurs and tenrecs, as well as fossile remnants of now-extinct species as a pygmy hypopotamus and a giant walking bird. . Its current president is Marc Ravalomanana, who managed to withstand a coup in 2006. FTP, what is this African island with capital in Antananarivo",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f51249fe997542b49b5e36c5b1696149",
            "input": "This color indicates the reactivity of a chemical on the NFPA 704 label, and at 1% efficiency, DPSS lasers of this color are the most expensive per unit of power. The Briggs-Rauscher reaction abruptly changes to blue from this color, which is emitted by stars of spectral classes F and G. Proteins with aromatic rings turn this color when reacted with nitric acid. The Fraunhofer line in the solar spectrum is of this color, which denotes the number four on resistors. (*) Helium was first observed as a spectral line of this color, and xanophylls and some cartenoids are pigments of this color. Sodium is used in fireworks to create this color, and uranium oxide is also known as this color of cake. Sulfur is commonly of, for ten points, what color, which is a primary color along with red and blue",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f86896cabab429689a8e8b3c1f24f80",
            "input": "[CB] This characters father spent his days playing a flute and was once referred to as agbala, a term normally used to refer to women or men without titles, leading this character to renounce him. This protagonists early fame came when he successfully threw Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling contest, but he is later shamed when he breaks the Week of Peace by beating his youngest wife, Ojiugo, for not cooking his dinner on time. Later, at the funeral of a friend, his gun explodes, killing that mans son, leading this character and his family to seven years of exile from Umuofia. Eventually hanging himself after killing the messenger of a British government official, FTP, name this Igbo warrior, the protagonist of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-444406998c3e40148504e6ddf2f6a079",
            "input": "Among the more notable of his studio assistants were James Northcote and Giussepe Marchi, who toiled with him for more than three decades. He painted social scenes like Ladies Adorning a Term of Hymen and historical works, as in the large The Infant Hercules he finished at St. Petersburg. While his frequent trips abroad would result in the publication of A Journey to Flanders and Holland, it was his 15 part series of lectures that best captured his philosophy of painting. He could be simple, as when he depicted Nelly O' Brien with a dog in her lap or Samuel Johnson in profile, but he is best remembered for a much more dramatic portrait of a famous actress in costume. FTP, name this author of the Discourses on Painting, the British artist who created Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8fee36b2e3e04f099737939d81cccf5f",
            "input": "One musician from this country formed the group Oito Batutas. Any of that musician's compositions used this country's \"Choro\" form. Pixinguinha was from this country, and in one film set here, the title character, played by Breno Mello, marries Mira but immediately falls in love with Eurydice. This country is the setting of Orfeu Negro, whose soundtrack was composed by Antonio (*) Jobim, who also wrote the music to The Girl from Ipanema. Heitor Villa-Lobos composed a set of nine suites whose title includes the named of this country, and a genre developed here was pioneered by Joao Gilberto. For 10 points, name this South American country where Bossa Nova developed and where a lot of artwork is displayed in the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed5daf5b22d14c57a8f1ae68c5be0c39",
            "input": "Near the end of this novel there is a lengthy discussion of Chijimi linens. Originally published serially from 1935 to 1937, twelve years later, a final installment added a warehouse fire at which the protagonist reflects on the Milky Way. During this fire, he is separated from his lover Komako, who rushes forward to carry the possibly dead Yoko, whose lover is Komako's ex-fiancee, Yukio. The protagonist, Shimamura, had met both women several years before. FTP, identify this Kawabata Yasunari novel named for its setting in the wintry hot-spring area of western Honshu.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46368773b1ec4e3b8ca904f9189d1d7e",
            "input": "This poet described how the sea \"wrinkled up, withdrew, like a shawl gathered together\" in the poem \"Death of the Sea.\" This poet asks the \"green Quetzalcoatl\" to cover her in a poem celebrating the \"corn of the Anahuac.\" One collection by this poet contains a section in which a mother explains to her son about natural phenomena such as air and rainbows. She listed commandments such as \"You will cherish Beauty, God's shadow over the universe\" in her poem \"The Artist's Decalogue.\" Her late works include the collections Lagar and (*) Tala, and she is also known for a work including a series of rounds and a number of lullabies, Tenderness. Her collection Desolation contains a set of three sonnets which won her a poetry contest in 1914, the Sonnets of Death. FTP, name this Chilean poet, the first woman to win the nobel prize in literature.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb7a4ddfe83c4430b3a8d269e7c0fdf6",
            "input": "Most non-battle-related casualties from this war stemmed from an outbreak of yellow fever and Russell Alger's decision to supply troops with spoiled meat, leading to the \"Embalmed Beef\" scandal. One front of this war was commanded by William Shafter, who ordered the attack on El Caney, while a far-away front was commanded by George Dewey. Its best-known land battle saw cavalry led by Leonard Wood charge up Kettle Hill. FTP name this 1898 conflict which included the American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay and was triggered by the explosion of the USS Maine.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25abd4e017a54ca2926e9be4004079a3",
            "input": "In protosteles, it is in the center of the stem, and in angiosperms, rays, fibers, and axial parenchyma cells make up one form of it. Its meta- type is distinguished by wider tracheids, and its most specialized structure is known as the trachea. Transpirational pull causes negative pressure to form in it, and it is used to transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. FTP, the cambium separates what part of a plants vascular system from the phloem.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2cb6c422e3f84a31a46c1284996105e6",
            "input": "His last instrumental work was a Phantasy for Violin with Piano Accompaniment, while his other late works include a string trio in one movement and a set of variations in G minor for band. He wrote an oratorio based on Swedenborg's vision of heaven in Balzac's Sraphita in which six people are admonished by the archangel Gabriel, while his lighter works include the comic operetta From One Day to the Next, whose libretto was written by his daughter Gertrud. One of his major works features a long duet that is interrupted after each verse by orchestral commentary and contains the solemn \"lament of the wood dove. \"  That work is based on a poem by Jens Peter Jaconsen, and features King Waldemar and Tove, whose castle provides the name of the Gurrelieder. He also wrote a Chamber Symphony in E major and a string sextet based on a poem by Richard Dehmel, Transfigured Night. FTP, name this composer of Moses and Aron and Pierrot Lunaire.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c420e54c4fe643c6833e2bfc7db567e1",
            "input": "This man was accused of faking an assassination attempt in which he dodged a bullet by diving behind a hedge. That incident was known as the \"Observatory Affair. \" During his presidency, this man passed the Badinter Act to abolish the death penalty, and one of his defense ministers resigned after this man ordered the attack on Greenpeace's Rainbow Warrior ship. Prime ministers under him included Pierre Mauroy and Edouard Balladur, who served under the second \"cohabitation\". The first of those was brought about by his party's loss of control of parliament and so part of his reign featured joint rule with the RPR party of Chirac. For 10 points, name this French president from 1981 to 1995, noted for being the only Socialist to hold that position.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99dd5484b4d845b089da0f62f1c95247",
            "input": "One poem by this man compares the title character to \"those Nicean barks of yore,\" which bring him to \"the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome.\" This poet of \"To Helen\" described a \"tintinnabulation that so musically wells\" in his poem, \"The Bells.\" In another poem, he described a visitor \"tapping at my chamber door\" while lamenting his lost Lenore. For 10 points, name this American poet who wrote about a creature who croaks \"Nevermore\" in \"The Raven.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-189974071f36441e91fb748728be8733",
            "input": "These phyllosilicates are also called isinglass. Members exhibit monocline crystals and have excellent basal cleavage. Types include iron-rich biotite, lepidolite, and muscovite and class members are used as electrical insulation and Christmas tree snow. For ten points, identify the hydrous silicates of aluminum and potassium that are composed of many thin sheets.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf214d3e37014634a235cfa462ca28da",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel has \"solved the problem of sex rather well,\" and imagines that he would teach Emma Bovary the joys of moderation. At the beginning of this novel, the protagonist sees a prostitute named Soraya every Thursday, but the arrangement ends after he sees Soraya with her children. Three black men light the protagonist of this novel on fire before (*) raping his daughter to destroy her will; that act was ordered by Petrus, who is trying to take over the farm belonging to the protagonist's daughter, Lucy. The protagonist takes a job at the animal shelter of Bev Shaw after losing his former job when he seduces a student named Melanie Isaacs. For 10 points, name this novel about the fallen professor David Lurie, written by J.M. Coetzee.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f5b4b744aaa40c986474470671eca3d",
            "input": "In this work, a scribe records that a dead man sells another dead man a house, and this work notes that certain individuals \"never tasted the cup of tranquility,\" advising against the literal interpretation of verses such as \"And verily Our host shall conquer. \" Hooper Dunbar produced a \"companion to the study\" of this text, and near the end of its first section, the book addresses the learned of Bayan to not forget its teachings. This book addresses such confusing terms as \"Seal of the Prophets\" and in one verse explains that backbiting should be treated as an error and that by cleansing and purifying his heart, the knowledge of the Ancient of Days is available to the true seeker. This text was written in two days and two nights in 1861 in Baghdad, where the Bah'u'llh was in exile. For 10 points, name this primary Bah' holy text.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ddc8e55a75754dad845575e78272852a",
            "input": "The novel Nothing. No One. takes place during the aftermath of a devastating earthquake in this country. In a poem set in this country, the \"red walls\" of the title location turn black. In one novel set during a violent time in this nation's history, Demetrio is murdered in a canyon by a group of Federal Soldiers. A promise to meet the title figure in Comala begins the journey taken by Juan Preciado in one novel from this native country of Elena Poniatowska and (*) Mariano Azuela. One poem from this nation, where Pedro Paramo is set, describes \"a crystal willow\" and \"a poplar of water,\" and has one line for each day of the Aztec calendar. For 10 points, name this home country of the poet of The Sunstone, Octavio Paz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19489e74892847ddb2ca6acdf053acda",
            "input": "In the introduction to this work, the author briefly analyzes the historical manifestations of the titular concept among the Polynesians and the Icelandic communities \"in the time of the Sagas,\" but postpones the presentation of evidence until the chapter on the survival of archaic traits. In the chapter which introduces this work's most famous concept, the author analyzes the \"ceremonial differentiation of the dietary\" as it applies to \"intoxicating beverages and narcotics,\" while another chapter proposes a new explanation for the conservatism of the rich. Gambling habits are examined in a chapter on \"The Belief in Luck,\" and this work concludes with the example of \"Higher Learning as an Expression of the Pecuniary Culture. \" Most famous for its explication of the idea of \"conspicuous consumption,\" for ten points, identify this 1899 work, the most famous of Thorstein Veblen.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bed4ec27c32141dfa125ae60c1a84879",
            "input": "One theorem named for this man and a Russian has been extended by David Harville to include the estimation of random effects, and another named for this man and a Frenchman states the closed convex hull of the zeros of a polynomial contains all the zeros of its derivative. In addition to those theorems named for this man, Markov, and Lucas, he is the namesake of a theorem stating that the integral of the intrinsic curvature over a closed surface is equal to two pi times the Euler characteristic of the surface, along with Bonnet. A theorem in vector calculus states that the outward flux of a vector field through a surface is equal to the triple integral of the divergence on the region enclosed by the surface, and is sometimes named for this man and Ostrogradsky. A theorem concerning the constructability of regular polygons with compass and straightedge is named for Wantzel and this man, who wanted a heptadecagon inscribed on his tombstone. For 10 points, name this German mathematician who first proved the law of quadratic reciprocity and is the namesake of the normal distribution.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-683f9f2d90a24b819a7ab3e09f4bf0d9",
            "input": "This artist created a work in which a tiny old building in the foreground contrasts with a huge building being constructed behind it. One work by this artist shows a carriage trudging through the titular street, and he pioneered a proto-abstract style by depicting the sky in his Equivalents. This artist collaborated with Clarence Hudson White on several nudes, while his own works include The Terminal and Winter Fifth (*) Avenue. This artist founded the Gallery 291. This leader of the Photo Secessionists created a work which shows the differences between the occupants of the upper and lower decks of a ship. For 10 points, name this photographer of The Steerage, who also took many pictures of his wife, Georgia O'Keefe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3640a0d233ea4443b1836090733f2d88",
            "input": "This U.S. state contains the entirety of the Apalachicola River, which is formed at Jim Woodruff Dam from the Flint and Chattahoochee Rivers. Its most populous city, in Duval County, is located on the St. John's River and was once known as Cowford, while its westernmost major city is known as the City of the Five Flags and is located on a namesake (*) bay on the Gulf of Mexico. Also home to the Okeefenokee Swamp and Lake Okeechobee, for 10 points, name this U.S. state whose cities include Jacksonville and Pensacola and whose capital is Tallahassee.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cebcf16f4ca6467abac0a24146e5b7d2",
            "input": "His works include a study of Lucretius, Dante, and Goethe as three philosophical poets and a group of imaginary conversations between figures like Alcibiades, Dionysius, and Democritus, entitled Dialogues in Limbo. He believed that man is the unintended product of a dynamic flux, and his books include The Life of Reason and Realms of Being. FTP, name this author of The Sense of Beauty, Scepticism and Animal Faith, and The Last Puritan, a Spanish-American philosopher who taught at Harvard.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-400e497115d2489a838b145a9ca3836a",
            "input": "When this writer encountered Andrew Yaphe cleaning his teeth in a restroom, he gave Andrew a frightened look and walked out. Doubling the Point is a book of his essays and other works include Age of Iron and The Master of St. Petersburg. His most recent work is a second installation of autobiography, Youth:  Scenes from Provincial Life II. His first novel, Dusklands, was followed by In the Heart of the Country, which is less famous than Waiting for the Barbarians. FTP, name this two-time winner of the Booker Prize for The Life and Times of Michael K and Disgrace.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70b971effc524572b1be0f8eeb6aafbb",
            "input": "This author's short stories include one about doctor who offers water from the Fountain of Youth and another based off John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. This author of \"\"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\"\" and \"\"The Celestial Railroad\"\" also wrote many stories set in Puritan New England, including \"\"Young Goodman Brown. \"\" He also wrote a novel featuring such characters as the minister Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Hester Prynne. For 10 points, name this American author of The Scarlet Letter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08eedcee844840e191578ad047e5ddae",
            "input": "He described a party at Delmonicos that leads to an attack on Henry Bradins socialist newspaper as well as the suicide of Gordon Sterret in his short story May Day. This author wrote The snow of 29 wasnt real snow. If you didnt want it to be snow, you just paid some money in a short story describing Charlie Wales attempt to gain custody of his daughter Honoria. In his best-known short story, Braddock Washington attempts to bribe God by offering to construct a cathedral out of the title gemstone, which is described to John T. Unger as being larger than a hotel. FTP, identify this American author of Babylon Revisited and The Diamond as Big as the Ritz who also wrote novels about Dick Diver, Amory Blaine, and Nick Carraway.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c79fcad5d3046caaca46e49996e058c",
            "input": "This work contains a discussion of recognizing oneself in a mirror and recognizing the self in \"the mirror of possibility. \" It claims that while the loss \"of an arm, a leg, five dollars, a wife\" will be noticed by a religious fanatic, he will not notice that he has lost the self. According to this work, even \"feminine youthfulness\" is informed by the the titular phenomenon, which it explains can be caused by blind ambition or what its author terms the need to be \"Caesar or nothing. \" Scattered throughout are references to plays like Macbeth and Richard II, and it explains the \"defiance\" and \"weak\" types of a certain phenomenon. This work ultimately asserts that true Christians are the only ones who can escape the title condition. For 10 points, name this work published under the pseudonym \"Anti-Climacus\" whose title malady is described as \"despair,\" a book by Soren Kierkegaard. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cda6d2a43d1c45dfbc446d3d6cb5a40c",
            "input": "This philosopher argued for a hybrid approach of historical materialism and psychoanalysis that he termed the \"progressive-regressive method.\" He used the example of a man that fails to meet his friend after walking into a cafe to illustrate the second title concept of one of his works. This man densely analyzed the life of Gustave Flaubert in his book length study The Family Idiot. His short treatise (*) Search for a Method recapitulates themes of another of his books, which calls humanity a \"fused group.\" This author of Critique of Dialectical Reason argued that the object of consciousness exists as \"in-itself,\" but experience exists \"for itself\" in a book that argues the authentic life is one way to escape the grip of \"bad faith.\" For 10 points, name this existentialist author of Being and Nothingness.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78b23fcc8e0a48aa9e568116f319adee",
            "input": "Minor figures in this painting include a Chinese man refusing to listen to a missionary and a boy kneeling on the ground sketching on a piece of paper. Its left side includes a skull resting on a newspaper as well as a large floppy hat, a cloak and dagger, and a guitar. Its right side depicts friends of the painter like Champfleury, Bruyas, Proudhon, and Baudelaire.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d997c987da548ae936d18a29cbe7420",
            "input": "This city contains the Mexican neighborhood of Olvera Street. Three inclined hovertrains in this city's Brentwood neighborhood can be used to access its Getty Center. Panoramic views from this city can be seen from Griffith Observatory and along Mulholland Drive. Prehistoric animals trapped the (*) La Brea Tar Pits can be found in this city, which is home to a building constructed of twisted metal sheets designed by Frank Gehry. In addition to the Walt Disney Concert Hall, this city contains Grauman's Chinese Theater in its most famous neighborhood. For ten points, identify this California city home to Hollywood.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-72c13589dc7c4634bb40bc7484d99ba8",
            "input": "In one work by this author, a character repeatedly claims to need to \"get down to Sidcup\" and retrieve papers which would prove that his name is \"Mac Davies\" rather than \"Bernard Jenkins\". That character is later evicted after Mick smashes a bust of Buddha while yelling at Aston. Another of this man's plays is set at Meg and Peter Boles's boardinghouse and sees Lulu give a drum to Stanley, who is taken away after the title event by Goldberg and McCann. A third play by this man sees two men argue about the phrase \"light the kettle\"; that work ends with Ben aiming a gun at Gus. For 10 points, name this author of The Caretaker, The Birthday Party, and The Dumbwaiter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7bed2a64f9e141a38fcef13b0a8e7f33",
            "input": "In the A-model of topological string theory, this type of submanifold can be wrapped by a brane. For a symplectic manifold of dimension 2n, a dimension n submanifold on which the symplectic form restricts to zero is said to be this. The submanifold of positions inside a phase space of positions and momenta is of this type, and is related to the object of the same name that is a function of positions and velocities. The one that characterizes general relativity is proportional to the Ricci scalar times a volume form. Equations of motion can be derived by the variational principle from one. The action is the integral of this quantity over time. It is a Legendre transform of the Hamiltonian. For 10 points, what is this difference of kinetic and potential energy, named for an Italian-born mathematician",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a77c26895372428e8652a974bc2c7e00",
            "input": "Characters in this novel include one man who advocates the \"Salvation and Five Percent\" doctrine and another who is praised in the pages of the Advocate-Times. Along with Cecil Roundtree, the title character attends the S.A.R.E.B. convention, during which he scraps his speech about the good life and instead quotes statistics on industry and manufacturing. The title character privately envies his friend's affair with May Arnold, and approves of his son Ted's elopement. When the title character's wife falls ill, he breaks with Tanis Judique and rejoins the Good Citizen's League. Focusing on a friend of Paul Riesling and husband of Myra, for ten points, identify this novel about a resident of Zenith written by Sinclair Lewis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8739639019f46f3b0e3195525b30524",
            "input": "In 1789, a mural of the Virgin Mary appeared in a mineshaft in this country in an apparent miracle; a few years later, the Virgin of the Mineshaft was named the patron saint of its Oruro Carnival. Its popular foods include a baked empanada called a saltena. Two of this country's lakes are Lake Rogagua and Lake Rogoaguado, both of which lie in its Beni Department. The Beni and Mamore Rivers join to form the Madeira River at Villa Bella on this country's northern border. Near this country's warm Yungas region is the higher elevation site of Lake Poopo and the Salar de Uyuni. That plateau is known as the Altiplano and also contains the eastern part of Lake Titicaca. For 10 points, name this landlocked South American nation with capitals at La Paz and Sucre.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0708b27595554eddb0f670ac64914709",
            "input": "He made his professional debut in New Orleans with the band of \"Kid\" Ory, but five years later went to Chicago to join the Creole Jazz Band of his teacher, Joe Oliver. As an actor, he starred in High Society, Cabin the the Sky, and The Five Pennies. Despite the title of his autobiography, Satchmo, My Life in New Orleans, he spent most of his professional career in the North. He is most famous for his musical compositions, which include \"Wild Man Blues. \"  FTP, name this jazz trumpeter of \"I've Got a Heart Full of Rhythm. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84fea82de6ef43d888a4980c2a99dc58",
            "input": "This man's only drama concerns a Greek scientist who comes to Rome bearing the inventions of the steam engine, gun powder, and the printing press and was adapted from the author's short story \"Envoy Extraordinairy. \"  The pederast Mr. Sebastian Pedigree spurns the overtures of friendship by the burn victim Matty Windrave in one of his novels, while in another Roger Mason attempts to rebuild the title structure onto Jocelin's cathedral. In addition to Darkness Visible and The Spire, he wrote an epistolary novel about Reverend Colley's relationship to the haughty Edmund Talbot, Rites of Passage. In a better-known novel he writes about the ultimately spurious stranding of a navy officer on a barren rock. Also known for Fire Down Below and The Inheritors, this is, FTP, what author, best known for his tale of depraved schoolboys trapped on an island, Lord of the Flies.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce119e0d714149dfa68cb5539eaebe4b",
            "input": "It is the most specific type of ziyarat. One version of it does not require an animal sacrifice, while another requires that the same article of clothing be worn for umrah as well. Those forms, Ifrad and Tamattu, together with Qiran, are the three ways of performing it. Events during it include the say, seven trips between al-Safa and al-Marwah and drinking from the well of Zamzam. It begins on the second day of Dhul al-Hijjah and concludes with the four-day Feast of the Sacrifice, or Eid al-Adha. Participants are required to perform tawaf around a structure built by Abraham that contains the Black Stone. Prescribed in the third surah of the Quran for all able-bodied adults, this is, FTP, what pilgrimage to Mecca that must be taken once in Muslims life",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d12c1be5e31448bd8df98f3821f7170c",
            "input": "Using the X-ray telescopes Suzaku and XMM-Newton, scientists in 2012 detected the quasiperiodic oscillation associated with the increase in mass of one of these objects. Roy Kerr and Ted Newman solved general relativity equations to describe the behavior of these objects when they have angular momentum. A supermassive one at Sagittarius A is believed to be the center of the Milky Way galaxy. David Finkelstein demonstrated mathematically that these are surrounded by a region that, to an outside observer, can never be reached. The distance from the center of these objects to that region is named for Karl Schwarzschild, and that region is called the event horizon. Name these objects which may emit Hawking radiation but otherwise do not allow anything to escape, not even light.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-255ea3475199489aaaf5301a2b102c1e",
            "input": "With Duncan McArthur, this politician negotiated the transfer of the Ohio Valley to the American government by way of the Treaty of Fort Meigs. He outlined his support for the annexation of Texas in the Hannegan Letter, and was succeeded in one of his most famous posts by Thomas Fitzgerald. He wrote a pamphlet attacking European search and seizure of slaves during his time as minister of France. He ran for president with William Orlando Butler and later succeeded William Marcy as secretary of state for James Buchanan in 1860. He organized the Black Hawk War and the Seminole Wars as Secretary of War from 1831 to 1836 for Jackson. FTP, name this longtime Michigan senator and staunch supporter of Popular Sovereignty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ab890d305c2e45d8b6f4bbd3307a7483",
            "input": "This economist posited an early form of the Quantity Theory of Money in Tract on Monetary Reform. He proposed that recessions can get worse in the presence of near-zero nominal interest due to liquidity traps, and that an increase in GDP can result from initial investment through the multiplier effect. He argued against reparations in a work critical of the Treaty of Versailles, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, and in another work for increased government spending to combat recessions. For 10 points, name this writer of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aecdfe00360a4fd4b6552ddb73769d2f",
            "input": "Alonso de Vargas suppressed a rebellion against this man, which saw Juan de Lanuza beheaded afterward. Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle was one of this man's main advisors, and he signed the treaty of Vervins with France. His secretary, Antonio Perez, was involved in the murder of Juan de Escobedo, the private secretary of this man's half brother. Alexander Farnese would help this man reconquer the southern Netherlands after the Duke of Alba had failed to subdue the Dutch revolt, and Don Juan of Austria would help him defeat the Ottomans at Lepanto. A son of emperor Charles V, he would rule from the Escorial palace. FTP, who was this Spanish king who saw the Spanish armada defeated",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7b614f2f06c4138836bfab3dcb58460",
            "input": "In a note accompanying this poem, the author states that it is a \"psychological curiosity. \" At one point, its title figure hears \"Ancestral voices prophesying war,\" and it ends with a warning to \"Beware! Beware! his flashing eyes and floating hair. \" Other important images include \"a woman wailing for her demon lover,\" \"a damsel with a dulcimer,\" and \"caverns measureless to man. \" Only 54 lines long because its composition was interrupted by a visitor from Porlock, FTP, what is this poem about a pleasure dome built along the Alph river in Xanadu, a work by Samuel Taylor Coleridge about the grandson of Genghis",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2200bb948cc84750af7ef144c91ac818",
            "input": "This god, disguised as Bolverk, worked a summer for Baugi and seduced Gunnlod in order to steal the Mead of Poetry from Suttung. In his quest for wisdom, this god hung from Yggdrasil for nine days and traded one of his eyes for a drink from the Well of Mimir. This god owns the ravens Hugin and Munin and his spear Gungnir never misses its target. At Ragnarok, the wolf Fenrir will kill this leader of the Aesir. For 10 points, name this husband of Frigga, the chief god of Norse mythology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6f5ae3aa13348658e8cd63780e0560a",
            "input": "This author wrote about a sacrificed man who imagines that he was in a twentieth-century hospital in his The Night Face-Up. One of this mans short stories sees narrator transform into an aquatic salamander, and another story sees the narrator's negatives develop into torture scenes. In addition to Aoxotl and Apocalypse at Solintiname, he wrote about a cruel game between a boy, a blonde, and a man in a parked car, broken up by Roberto Michel in another story. This author wrote a novel in which the one I told you recounts the Screwerys kidnapping of the Vip, while the Cuban's dreams are subject to Andres Fava's interpretations. Another of his novels sees the baby Rocamadour die during a party of the Serpent club, and features characters like Traveler, Morelli, La Maga, and Horacio Oliveira. For 10 points, name this author of \"Blow Up,\" A Manual for Manuel, and Hopscotch.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f5ebd4c26b84c6faa7d438cba231ad7",
            "input": "Psalm 1 compares a righteous man to one of these objects. In the Book of Judges, Jotham tells a story in which these things decide on their king to criticize the Shechemites' choice of Abimelech. King Nebuchadnezzar has a dream about one of these objects that Daniel interprets to mean Nebuchadnezzar will eat grass. In Luke, Jesus asks to stay at the house of the tax collector who used one of these to see him, (*) Zacchaeus. This kind of object appears on both sides of the River of Life near the end of the Book of Revelation. Jesus compared his words about another of these items to a command for a mountain to throw itself into the sea; while hungry, Jesus cursed that one for not giving him food. For 10 points, name this type of of living organism that bore the knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f823de5636e24383937d48975b82589a",
            "input": "In March 2008, the Karolinska Institute identified 37 genes associated with this compound. The mevalonate pathway for its synthesis is targeted by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, which are used to lower its quantity in humans. In animal cells, its molecules are present between phospholipid tails throughout cell membranes, promoting the stability of the membrane. The major constituent of gall stones, for 10 points, identify this molecule whose harmful LDL form can lead to cardiovascular diseases.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e5572b845ed430ebed8c42ec142df45",
            "input": "The title work of this author's third book begins \"We thought we were beggars, we thought we were nothing at all\" and includes sections called \"May Snow\" and \"Song About Song. \"  This author's second book sparked a popular game in which one person would recite one line of poetry, after which others would follow with subsequent lines until the entire book had been read aloud. In addition to The White Flock and Rosary, her first husband's trip to Abyssinia led her to write the poems of Evening. That first husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, would later be executed for his role in the Tagantsev affair, while her third husband, Nikolai Punin, died in a Siberian prison camp. FTP, name this author of Requiem and Poem Without a Hero, a one-time Acmeist who is considered the greatest female poet of 20th century Russia.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1ba5334bbcb14283a076a5c5a5e6ffe5",
            "input": "The speaker of a poem by this man advises the reader to \"drop thy still dews of quietness / till all our strivings cease\" and asks the \"still, small voice of calm\" to \"speak through the earthquake, wind, and fire\". His hymn \"Dear Lord and Father of Mankind\" was adapted from a poem containing the line \"Behold the drink of the gods!\" He wrote a poem in rhyming couplets which describes the lowering of forty objects displaying \"silver stars\" and \"crimson bars\" and relates a scene in (*) Frederick town. One of his poems describes a family reading the almanac on a gray December day, while another tells of a woman who tells some Confederates \"Shoot, if you must, this old gray head / but spare your country's flag\". For 10 points, name this Fireside poet who wrote \"The Brewing of Soma\", \"Snow-Bound\", and \"Barbara Frietchie\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f918ecda5ad84f1b9c759bb8f2521df6",
            "input": "August 11, 3114 BCE has been computed as the beginning date for this civilization's calendar. They used a vigesimal number system and knew the use of zero. Sacrifices to the rain god Chac-mool were made by hurling virgins down a well. The same was allegedly done to the 12th century ruler Kukulkan. The great structures of their classical period include Bonampak, Palenque, and Tikal, which contains a pyramid 229 feet high. FTP, name this civilization, the most famous ruin of which is Chichen Itza.\t",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2854faf2b47d42928c4d33b37c793868",
            "input": "Niceratus and the Paianian Charmantides are two individuals who remain silent throughout this work. One of its sections states that the goal of a story is to remove the fear of Hades from the youth. In another section, Glaucon notes that if one possessed the Ring of Gyges, thus rendering oneself invisible, one would act completely immorally. Cephalus states that to follow legal obligations and live a life of integrity is the true definition of a concept criticized by Thrasymachus as only beneficial to the powerful. Famously containing an Allegory of the Cave in its Book VII, FTP name this Platonic dialogue in which Socrates attempts to create the ideal titular construct.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0dfe717c867f4a02a5951d2e20dbf58c",
            "input": "This man's name is part of the title of a collection by Josiah Royce about this man and \"other essay in the philosophy of life. \" He wrote an early work about the \"Literary Remains\" of his late father, and critiqued absolute idealism in A Pluralistic Universe. Ralph Perry collected and posthumously published his Essays in Radical Empiricism, and this man's views on religion are contained in The Varieties of Religious Experience. He is more famous for a series of lectures that addressed the question of whether the squirrel goes around the tree and was subtitled, \"A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking. \" For ten points, identify this American philosopher, the author of Pragmatism, and a founder of that philosophical movement.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ad4e86d322f4be9881bc0dd94635353",
            "input": "Sensing his impending death, the only tenor in this opera bids his mother farewell with the aria \"Addio alla madre,\" which comes not long after the drinking song, \"Viva il vino. \"  Mamma Lucia first learns of her son's affair from the aria, \"Voi lo sapete,\" after which she runs into church and the ongoing Easter services. Following Lucia's exit, Santuzza argues with her lover and the subject of his new love, Lola. Passions over these women ultimately results in a duel in which Alfio kills Turiddu. Based on a story by Verga, FTP, name this epitome of verismo opera by Pietro Mascagni.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95ab89aec0e54db1a913f9dd8a7a44fe",
            "input": "This paintings background shows two different floral patterns  one in the green drapes and another in the brown wall-paper. Jewelry visible in this painting includes a gold bracelet with a black tassel and a black ribbon with a small pendant, all of which, along with an orchid, lead to the painting's controversiality. A woman that stands in this paintings foreground wears a pink dress, contrasting sharply both with her own skin color and the pale skin of the nude title character, who is reclining on a bed. For ten points, identify this Eduoard Manet painting depicting a courtesan, her cat and her black female servant.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-876ac9b2694647c58623d3d3f91fdc4a",
            "input": "Gliner and Zeldovich are credited with the modern interpretation, in which it contributes its value times the metric tensor divided by 8 pi times the gravitational constant to the energy-momentum tensor. In the Friedmann equation, it appears on the right-hand side divided by three, and measurements from WMAP have suggested that its energy density is approximately 0.7 times the critical density. Its equation of state parameter w is -1, giving a negative effective pressure that tends to accelerate the expansion of the Universe. FTP name this simple form of dark energy, rejected by Einstein as his \"greatest mistake. \"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fbbe16c6ad74593926c94184425af1a",
            "input": "During his first meeting with Richard Wagner he refused to sit down out of respect for his musical hero. His first major musical work, Requiem in D minor, was written while teaching at St. Florian in Austria. In 1856, he moved to Linz, and while there he composed a version of Ave Maria and his Mass in D Major. He dedicated his Third Symphony to Wagner but its 1877 premier was a failure - only 25 people remained in the auditorium by the end. FTP, identify this composer of the more favorably received Fourth or \"Romantic\" Symphony, who is sometimes better known for his Zeroth Symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8fa1d78bc33440c9ba7e024146b9b6f7",
            "input": "It is used in pain sensitization as a signaling molecule that binds to purinergic receptors. It is also potent inhibitor of both pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase. In muscle cells it is often indirectly transported throughout the cell via creatine, which can accept or donate a phosphate group and form this organic molecule. The enzyme adenylate cyclase converts it into the second messenger cyclic AMP, but this molecule is most famously associated with the metabolic processes of photosynthesis, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. FTP, name this nucleotide used by most cells as the \"energy currency. \"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d629a430ef448de973c943d179b241a",
            "input": "In homage to Watson and Crick, this man painted Galacidalacidesoxiribonucleicacid, part of his nuclear mysticism period that also included such works as Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus). He depicted several Venus de Milos wearing different colored skirts in The Hallucinogenic Toreador. He created a work titled after the disintegration of his most famous work, in addition to an optical illusion involving the title pachyderms, Swans Reflecting Elephants. For 10 points, name this Catalan surrealist who painted some melting watches in The Persistence of Memory.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d52d86b066344768d2f95613b6a8f6c",
            "input": "One leader of this country made every political faction except his AREMA party illegal, that man was the socialist Didier Ratsiraka. Queen Ranavalona I of this country's Merina Dynasty persecuted Christians converted by the London Missionary Society on this island nation. During WWII, Britain launched Operation Ironclad to wrest control of this island nation from Vichy France, and Adolf Hitler green lighted a Nazi plan which proposed sending European Jews to this country. FTP, name this nation with capital Antananarivo, an island off the southeastern coast of Africa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56d93d4d792c48b5a49bfa46cc853bbb",
            "input": "This man was wounded at the Battle of Dormans, leading to his nickname the scarred. This man allied with Spain at the Treaty of Joinville. One of his brothers, Charles of Aumale, led an uprising in Picardy. Supporters of this man wore red Lorraine Crosses, a symbol of his family, and another uprising in his favor was the Day of Barricades. His claims were assumed by Cardinal Charles when, after one of his rivals lured him to a dinner party, the forty-five guards killed this man and his brother, Cardinal Louis. For ten points, name this man who led the Catholic League during the French Wars of Religion, a rival of Henry III and Henry of Navarre during the War of the Three Henries.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b98ae983ca01485e83cd8551195700dd",
            "input": "This novel's epigraph is taken from Salvador Elizondo's 1972 work El grafgrafo. It ends with the narrator returning home to his wife Patricia after a night of drinking with his colleagues Pascual and Big Pablito, who work at the Genaro family-owned Radio Panamerica. This novel is interspersed with bizarre radio serials written by the Bolivian Pedro Camacho, whose soap operas parallel the love affair between one of the title characters and Mario. FTP, identify this autobiographical work by Mario Vargas Llosa.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1eff9da9ccd497ea09710820e785bf6",
            "input": "This thinker decried the \"social\" realm as that in which the \"life process\" of the private realm is made public. This thinker, who used the phrase \"the rule of nobody\" to describe the regime of bureaucracy, edited posthumous papers of Walter Benjamin into the book Illuminations after his suicide, and proposed a trichotomy between labor, work, and action, three components of the vita activa. This thinker described how the mistreatment of stateless persons fed into a period of \"radical evil\" in \"Ideology and Terror,\" the last chapter of a book which analyzed camps as paradigmatic of a new type of regime. For 10 points, name this German-Jewish author of The Human Condition, a sometime lover of Martin Heidegger who wrote The Origins of Totalitarianism after she fled the Nazis.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fc018da380b4697a7875c75d9331921",
            "input": "Plutarch claims that Thamus proclaimed this figures death in Palodes to much lamentation. This figure is sometimes credited with fathering Iambe with Echo, and his pursuit of the nymph Pitys saw her become a pine tree to escape this figure. Tmolus officiated a contest between this man and Apollo that ended with King Midas ruling in this characters favor, earning ass-ears as punishment. His attempted rape of Syrinx ended when she turned into a bunch of reeds. For 10 points, name this half-goat god of shepherds who played his namesake pipes.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd9390fb9fb74fe4b1e5998610e3bc4b",
            "input": "Stanley Cavells Must We Mean What We Say includes an essay discussing the availability of this mans later works. One of his works opens with a discussion of G.E. Moores Here is a hand argument, while another, part of a pair dictated to his students at Cambridge, opens with the line What is a word. In addition to On Certainty and the Blue and Brown Books, this man, who once threatened Karl Popper with a fireplace poker, wrote a work in which he claims that what we cannot speak about we must pass over in silence. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who wrote Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d21f93601a4047ab98cb85def352f253",
            "input": "This figure created a lion-headed monster that devoured itself and left the Face of Glory in response to the challenge of Jalamdhara. This god eternally holds poison in his throat, which is why his neck is blue. One form of worship for this deity is the playing of certain rhythms on a damaru, while another for is the veneration of lingams, or phallic statues. Possibly derived from Rudra, this deity is sometimes depicted seated on a tiger's skin and sometimes on Nandi, a white bull that serves him. This bearer of the Ganges in his hair is known in his role as a lover as the consort of Parvati For 10 points, name this redeemer and destroyer of the Hindu trimurti.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-038361a67f164e7a91e6632ae4959e0d",
            "input": "This complicated romance is mentioned several times in The Catcher in the Rye. Damon Wildeve marries Thomasin, whose cousin Clym then marries Eustacia Vye. Eustacias affair with Wildeve indirectly causes the death of Mrs. Yeobright when she turns her away. Wildeve and Eustacia later drown attempting to escape the heath together. FTP name this Thomas Hardy novel in which Clym Yeobright is saved from a similar fate by Diggory Venn.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf9a8ea6ca384ff398d6a2d66a2b52c2",
            "input": "The original Thomsen-Berthelot principle, also known as the principle of maximum work, was shown to violate this law because it failed to incorporate irreversibility. The Kelvin-Planck statement is one component of this law, and a flaw in Boltzmanns H-theorem concerning this law and time reversal symmetry is Loschmidts paradox. A thought experiment in which an imaginary creature guards a trapdoor between a two-part gas container was proposed to try to violate this law. Clausius stated it as heat cannot flow from a hot object to a cold one spontaneously. For 10 points, name this law which says that the entropy of a system increases until it reaches equilibrium.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92cdeecd6f5e465cb71857a70047dd61",
            "input": "This man wrote a novel in which Mrs. Lackersteen pressures her niece Elizabeth into marrying, causing her to have relationships with Lieutenant Verrall and protagonist James Flory. Another of his novels features Moses' proclamations of \"Sugarcandy Mountain.\" That novel by this man ends with the head villain and Mr. Pilkington playing poker, while earlier Mr. Frederick tries to blow up a windmill. This man wrote a story in which the narrator is a police officer who engages in the title action to please the Burmese natives after an animal tramples people. This author of \"Shooting an Elephant\" created such villains as Napoleon, a Stalin analogue who is a pig, and the Oceania-controlling Big Brother. For 10 points, name this author of 1984 and Animal Farm.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b506b8343834815b9798139f5dce042",
            "input": "One of these creatures named Sivushko crosses the Black Mire dramatically in the tale of Ilya Muromets. These animals accompanied representations of the Sun, Day, and Night who served Baba Yaga. Hofvarpnir and the seven-headed Uchchaihshravas exemplify these creatures. An immortal talking one, Arion, was born to Demeter after she was raped by Poseidon. Two of these animals sired by the harpy Podarge and Zephyrus, named Balius and Xanthus, were given to Achilles. In the Iliad, a set of these animals belonging to Rhesus is stolen by Odysseus and Diomedes; earlier, in Thrace, four man-eating ones were owned by another Diomedes. A winged one of these animals sprung from Medusa's neck. For 10 points, name these hoofed creatures that include Bellerophon's buddy Pegasus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ef0e7aa5fb24a919ec05ca68cea7d24",
            "input": "This man's wedding was interrupted by an army led by Agenor, and he exchanged kingdoms with Megapenthes in order to reign in Tiryns. Raised on the island of Seriphos, this figure was once asked to contribute a horse by a man who actually had no intention to marry Hippodameia. He accidentally killed his grandfather with a discus; that man, King Acrisius, had earlier put him in a chest that was set adrift and was eventually found by the fisherman Dictys. This son of Zeus and Danae saved Andromeda from a sea monster while on his way home from a quest in which he used a mirror-like shield to behead a figure with serpents for hair. For 10 points, name this hero who slew Medusa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49de37b5b01146eda34063f076ba060d",
            "input": "Like the Egyptians, these ancient people are divided into Old and New Kingdoms. Calling themselves Nesilim, their Old Kingdom was founded by their leader Labarna around 1680 BCE, though his kingdom was later extended by Mursili I, who conquered Halab and raided Bablyon, and Telipinu, who issued a law code. Famous New Kingdom rulers included Suppiluliuma and Hattusilish III. Perhaps their most famous victory in battle came under the king Muwatalli in 1274 BCE. FTP, identify this people who fought the Egyptians to a draw at the Battle of Kadesh.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13baf21f6c744e3f95061578c3d8ef75",
            "input": "He wrote about his disgust with conventional education in Beneath the Wheel, and other early works describe artists, Gertrud and Rosshalde. He was a bookseller until writing about a failed writer in his first novel, Peter Camenzind, while more mature works of his include Narcissus and Goldmund. He was psychoanalyzed by J.B. Lang, the results of which led to Demian. One famous work includes characters like Plinio Designori and Thomas van der (*) Trave, the predecessor of the major character, while another has Kamaswami and Govinda. Along with Hermine and Maria, another work is about Harry Haller, while the first work is about Father Jacobus and Joseph Knecht. FTP, name this author of Steppenwolf, The Glass Bead Game, and Siddhartha.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91b66fffb2dd4f8991a22500b50b1ac1",
            "input": "The final poem of this collection begins: \"to a child who is fond of maps and engravings / the universe is the size of his immense hunger.\" Another poem in this collection, from which six \"condemned poems\" were excised after its first edition, compares the decline of his home city to the fall of Andromache and includes an image of the title bird \"reproaching God.\" In addition to \"The Voyage\" and \"The Swan,\" this collection's opening poem mentions a personification who \"dreams of scaffolds as he smokes his hookah pipe,\" and addresses you as the \"Hypocrite reader!\" For 10 points, name this collection which popularized the term ennui, whose sections \"Wine,\" \"Death,\" \"Revolt,\" and \"Spleen and Ideal\" were penned by French Symbolist poet Charles Baudelaire.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f0b9e182ba14ff8a11a3587f370880f",
            "input": "In the center of its background, a man in a top hat with brown facial hair is turned away from the viewer, talking to a man in a cap and a brown jacket as a woman in a white top leans on a railing. The entire scene takes place under an orange-and-grey striped awning, and major figures include a woman playing with her black lapdog and a man in a white shirt and straw hat straddling a chair. For 10 points, name this painting by Auguste Renoir which also depicts copious fruit, wine, and tableware, evidence of the title meal.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b847122a46384138bde90a5559cdf9ba",
            "input": "This composer reworked his ballet Ala i Lolli into the Scythian Suite, and this composer of the Lieutenant Kije Suite styled his first symphony in D major after Haydn, calling it the \"Classical Symphony.\"  The \"Dance of the Knights\" appears in this composer's ballet Romeo and Juliet. He used an oboe to represent a duck and strings to represent the title character in one tone poem, which also features the bassoon to represent a grandfather and french horns to represent the title animal. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Peter and the Wolf.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23e36dc2dd554b48bf68bacf5ae994b8",
            "input": "One of this scholars early works advocated that there were hidden proper nouns in certain Latin texts, a theory he abandoned after a poet refused to respond to his letters. In a work most famous in his own lifetime, this man advocated the idea that some forms had disappeared from certain languages, a theory born out in his study of Hittite. In addition to Memoire on the Original System of Vowels in Indo-European Languages, in this most famous work, he drew a distinction between systemic and diachronic linguistics and hypothesized that languages was merely a system of signs. For ten points, identify this linguist, whose ideas were collected from his lecture notes in Course on General Linguistics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a13d355c042411f856bac785b223962",
            "input": "One set of edicts enacted by this dynasty was designed to protect stray dogs and was titled the\\n \"\"Compassion for Living Things\"\" laws. The Dutch-born American interpreter Henry Heusken was\\n assassinated while working under Townshend Harris in the American Consulate to this dynasty. Supporters\\n of this dynasty lost at the Battle of Hakodate after starting the Ezo Republic during the Boshin War. This\\n empire followed the Warring States period and was founded following its namesake's victory at the Battle\\n of Sekigahara. For 10 points, name this powerful shogunate that ruled Japan in the years preceding the\\n Meiji Restoration, also named for the city in which it was based.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-efed28baeef64567bec8a2bbc47160fd",
            "input": "way to find this value is by calculating it through the Kapustinskii equation. Another method includes using a constant that determines the electrostatic energy of a compound, called the Madelung constant. It increases with the separation of charge between ions, and decreases as ionic radius increases. Most often, it is calculated by analyzing the reaction between a (*) metal and a non-metal by comparing the enthalpy of formation of the compound to the energy required to make those elements into the gas phase, known as the Born-Haber cycle. Often symbolized U, for 10 points, is which measure of the strength of the bonds in an ionic solid.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95234e3c30994c7d96005c2e1c8114af",
            "input": "This event led to the resignation of Rhinelander Waldo and the growth of the ILGWU. Coming in wake of the Uprising of Twenty Thousand, this event sparked a trial at which Kate Alterman was asked to repeat her testimony many times, indicating that she had perhaps been told what to say by the prosecution. Thusly, attorney Max Steur won the case for Isaac Harris and Max Blanck, who were acquitted of manslaughter because the jury found that they did not know that the (*) exit doors of the Asch building were locked. Investigated by Frances Perkins, for 10 points, name this March 25, 1911 event in which 146 workers burned to death in a New York City clothes factory.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea6cf9834f51409795997f293b2e1a2c",
            "input": "play's title and epigraph come from a verse in the Song of Solomon that ends with the line \"for our vines have tender grapes. \" One woman in this work resolves at the end that she will not be one of the people who stand around and watch other people eat the earth. That woman, who is nicknamed Zan, is particularly loved by her aunt, who longs for Lionnet, her family's old plantation. A message to Mr. Manders frightens Leo, who stole eighty-eight thousand dollars' worth of bonds from his uncle Horace's safety box. Horace makes a desperate attempt to climb a staircase when he has a heart attack and his wife refuses to give him medicine so that he will die and she can reclaim a stake in her brothers' cotton mill scheme. FTP, name this play about the Hubbard brothers and Regina Giddens, written by Lillian Hellman.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-215ec4a44f75416aaf3f90a8e3469e6d",
            "input": "members of this state's powerful Railroad Commission have already announced for the 2012 Senate election. The current governor of this state announced that he supports House Concurrent Resolution 50. One governing body in this state, led by dentist Don McLeroy, passed language to change references to the United States government to a \"constitutional republic,\" rather than \"democratic,\" and \"imperialism\" to \"expansionism. \" Debra Medina was a Tea Party candidate in this state's 2010 Republican gubernatorial primary, which saw a rare clash between a sitting (*) governor and sitting US Senator. Current Democratic gubernatorial candidate Bill White was formerly mayor of this state's largest city, which is currently led by Annise Parker, its first openly gay mayor. Politicians intervened to help keep the Big 12 together in, for 10 points, what US State where Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison is retiring and Governor Rick Perry has spoken fondly of secession",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3d4cf9a3b7f41d5853b009683751dca",
            "input": "One of this figure's greatest domestic challenges was a man who took on the title \"Dom Justo\" and eventually prompted this individual to conduct the Kirishitan massacre. Another domestic initiative resulted in the creation of a giant Buddha statute created from raw materials obtained in the second great sword hunt. Under this ruler, who used the Golden Gourd standard in battle, Sen no Rikyu oversaw the rise of a new artistic style centered around the tea ceremony. The (*) Momoyama period ended under this man, who defeated Katsuie at Shizugatake and Akechi Mistuhide at Yamazaki, avenging the death of his predecessor at Honnoji. Known for a disastrous naval loss at Noryang Point to Admiral Yi that ended his invasions of Korea, FTP, identify this commoner who ruled between Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa as the second of Japan's great unifiers.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7040c564aa46405a8459ec1a386fd015",
            "input": "One of this composer's works features such musical oddities as 840 repeats and a complete lack of  tempo and volume markings; that piece is called Vexations. Another set of piano works by this composer attempts to mimic the sound of a church organ by using octave doubling; that set of pieces  is called Ogives. This composer wrote a trio of pieces about different (*) sea creatures, including of a Holothurian, an Edriophthalma, and a Podophthalma. Another of his pieces features such tempo  markings as \"with astonishment\" and \"with conviction and with a rigorous sadness\", and this  composer's most famous set of piano works are named for an ancient Greek war dance. For 10 points,  name this French avant-garde musician of Gnossiennes,  Desiccated Embryos, and the three  Gymnopedies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7059595d271d493da5e195823d77e509",
            "input": "A poem about this man's \"journey\" was written by Adriano da Corneto, and this man sponsored the creation of the first Arabic printing press in Europe. Matthaus Schinner served as one of his subordinate commanders, and forces under his command won the siege of Mirandola but lost at other times to Gian Giacomo Trivulzio and Charles II d'Amboise. He employed the architect Giulio de Sangallo and used the battle cry Fuori i barbari, or 'Out with the Barbarians' in an attempt to recover the cities of the Romagna from Venice which resulted in the formation of the League of Cambrai. He rebuilt the churches of Santa Maria del Populo and Santa Maria della Pace and granted the dispensation for Henry VIII to marry Katharine of Aragon. He followed the twenty-six day reign of Pius III, and his reign saw the creation of the Swiss Guard and the start of the Fifth Lateran Council. For 10 points, name this pontiff who hired Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo to create a new St. Peter's, and was known as the \"Warrior Pope\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-417e8154ba244458b8a7350631005f8b",
            "input": "A speaker of one of this man's poems eats \"\"reality sandwiches\"\" and admits \"\"a naked lunch is natural to us. \"\" The speaker of another of this man's poems asserts that \"\"Death is that remedy all singers dream of\"\" as he walks in Greenwich Village thinking of his mother Naomi. The refrain \"\"I'm with you in Rockland\"\" appears in another poem by this author of \"\"Kaddish. \"\" That poem by this man begins, \"\"I saw the best (*) minds of my generation destroyed by madness. \"\" For 10 points, name this Beat poet who wrote \"\"Howl. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ed9ccb9be69450a95c5527b837a2af9",
            "input": "In one poem, this author wrote that the value of the subject's love was worth \"\"more than whole mines of gold or all the riches that the East doth hold. \"\" Another work by this poet looks at a place where once \"\"lay that store\"\" the poet \"\"counted best,\"\" which now (*) \"\"in ashes lie. \"\" She wrote that poem after her house caught fire. For 10 points, name this early American female poet of \"\"To My Dear and Loving Husband\"\" and \"\"Verses Upon the Burning of Our House\"\" who had her works published in The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6706dd5948d94089ad6610a8aeb815fe",
            "input": "This composer was convinced to add a jovial coda to his final symphony, which originally ended with the melancholy ticking of the glockenspiel and xylophone, while he derived the structure of his second symphony from Beethoven's last piano sonata. In addition to creating The Children's Symphony, the first movement of this composer's sixth symphony features an oboe theme marked \"dolce e segnando,\" which reappears as a reminder of the \"pains of war\" in the final movement written in the ostensibly cheerful key of E-flat major. This composer's best-known symphony opens with a modern version of the \"Mannheim Rocket\" before the main theme is surprisingly repeated not in the expected dominant key of D-major but a whole tone lower in C Major. This composer uses a clumsy Gavotte instead of the graceful minuet in the third movement of his first symphony written in 1917 \"in the style of Haydn. \" For 10 points, name this composer of the Classical Symphony who included a noted \"troika\" movement in his suite about the fictional officer Lieutenant Kije and he also wrote Peter and the Wolf.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-646e78f95217468cb837364c5975b401",
            "input": "In one of this artists canvases, models for his most famous painting are shown dressing in front of that painting. For other, he replaced his own self-portrait with a pot of flowers in the background of a painting of his mistress, Madeliene Knoblock. This painter of Poseuses and Young Woman Powdering Herself was educated at the cole des Beaux-Arts, but helped to form the Society of Independent Artists after panels from his Bathing at Asnires were rejected by the Paris Salon. His most famous style was developed with the artist of The Port of Saint-Tropez, Paul Signac; he eventually used this style to depict Parisians, along with a monkey and two dogs, relaxing in a riverfront park. Name this Neo-Impressionist artist known for his use of pointillism in his masterpiece, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbae5f9ebfd64ee2aa19b936cdf52d05",
            "input": "One character in this novel fathers the illegitimate child Adele Varens with an opera singer and that charatcter pretends to be engaged to Blanche Ingram, and Bessie Leaven nurses the title character back to health after taking a beating from Mrs. Reed at Gateshead House. The title character befriends Helen Burns and uncovers the embezzlement of Mr. Brocklehurst while at school. St. John Rivers ends up being the title characters cousin and Bertha Mason burns down Thornfield Manor. For 10 points, name this novel in which the title character ultimately marries Mr. Rochester, written by Charlotte Bronte.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-104031d7973a4165a9050376c01d4fbe",
            "input": "[AR] Mao Zedong during the Great Leap Forward groups this individual with King Zhou of the Yin Dynasty and Qin Shihuangdi suggesting that posterity's understanding of them as evil men was incorrect. He fled after the failed assassination attempt of Dong Zhou and at the Battle of Guandu was able to defeat Yuan Shao. In the most recognized romanticized account of his life he is portrayed as the political foil to Liu Bei. For 10 points, name this central figure of the Three Kingdoms Period the penultimate Chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and rebel founder of the Wei dynasty often portrayed as a ruthless tyrant.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5348daf909b745f8861057100783e521",
            "input": "A man from this family with the cognomen Laetus was a Hippo Regian knight in the service of Otho. A Paulinus of this gens was governor of Britain during Boudicea's revolt. The most famous man of this name was dismissed from secretarial service due to a mutual disgust for Vibia Sabina after having been aided into Imperial favor by Pliny the Younger. His once-popular Prata has not survived and, though he's often considered the least rhetorical of the Silver Age authors, he recalls Julius Hyginus in his De Grammaticis. FTP, name this family of Romans whose most famous member, with cognomen Tranquillus, was the author of De viris illustribus and De vita Caesarum, The Lives of the Caesars.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25931da095b14bb991d778f3abda34fc",
            "input": "[AR] During the Persian threat, Adimantus the Cornithian chastised this man for having no country and demanded his silence during a meeting prior to this general's greatest victory. He had one rival Epicydes bought off to insure that he would command. Previously, he had his chief rival ostracized in 483 BC, and upon becoming Archon Eponymus, he persuaded others to use the gains from the silver mines at Laurium to increase military projects. In that victory, he served along with the Spartan Eurybiades. Eventually, ostracized himself he eventually found asylum with Artaxerxes in Magnesia. Ambitious, it was said that the trophies of Miltiades would not let him sleep. Using his newly built navy to fight the inconclusive battle of Artemisium, For 10 points, name this Athenian General victor at Salamis.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b413996695e54009b47dcea47b1b1aef",
            "input": "Robert Barclay's work An Apology For the True Christian Divinity was the first complete written explanation of this religious movement's doctrine of the \"inner light.\" Theological disputes led to schisms in America, creating Hicksite and Wilburite groups. Its services are called either programmed or unprogrammed worship and are held in places called meeting houses. This pacifist branch of Christianity originated in the 1640s from the teaching of George Fox. For 10 points, name this religious denomination of which the founder of Philadelphia, William Penn, was a member.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65ed807934964657b0a62461667a212e",
            "input": "One of his plays sees the Figure in Straightjacket perform as a television, while another of his plays examines the last years of artist Alex Macklin. Besides The Day Room and Love-Lies-Bleeding, he wrote a novel featuring the husband of Klara Sax, Albert Bronzini, who is a chess instructor to Matty, the brother of Nick Shay. In addition to a novel about (*) Lee Harvey Oswald, one of his novels features the members of the Unification Church and focuses on novelist Bill Gray. Aside from Underworld, Libra, and Mao II, he wrote of the experimental drug Dylar in a novel that features Hitler Studies professor Jack Gladney. For 10 points, name this author of White Noise.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90f6fcc3244d4b9294dc61bb133cf3d4",
            "input": "He's not Sigmund Freud, but in one of his works he described the issues with human intimacy through the example of a group of porcupines huddling together for warmth. That concept, known as the Hedgehog's dilemma, is found in a work named for \"Appendices and Omissions\" in Greek. Another work of his describes the methods of attaining the title condition via a dialectic that branches off between \"ad rem\"and \"ad hominem.\" In addition to writing (*) Parerga and Paralipomena and The Art of Being Right, this man studied Indian philosophy before claiming \"every action can only take place in consequence of a sufficient motive\" in his most famous work. That work asserted that we should only strive to know the present and that an idea exists only in relation to an object and subject. For 10 points, name this German philosopher and author of The World as Will and Representation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e5d382b7b6345af81fb448068e0ef3f",
            "input": "The effects of this order were magnified by hitting at the same time as the failure of Wilkes, Wilde, and Wiggin in London. Leading to the failure of the \"pet banks,\" it was engineered by Treasury Secretary (*) Levi Woodbury. Repealed by Congressional resolution a year after it resulted in the Panic of 1837, for 10 points name this Jacksonian decree which allowed federal lands to be sold only for gold or silver.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-897f4f8e337f4054919f4ca07229b955",
            "input": "He described a woman whose \"love was sought, I do aver, by twenty beaux or more; The King himself has followed herwhen she has walk'd before\" in \"An Elegy on the Glory of Her Sex, Mrs. Mary Blaize\", while the lines \"A kind and gentle heart he had, to comfort friends and foes; the naked every day he clad, when he put on his clothes\" come from this author's poem \"An Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog\". More well known works by this author include one which described a place \"where health and plenty cheered the labouring swain\" and \"where smiling spring its earliest visit paid\" and a play in which George Hastings is in love with Constance Neville and Kate Hardcastle is courted by Charles Marlow. For 10 pointsname this author of The Deserted Village and She Stoops to Conquer who wrote about the marriage of George Primrose and Arabella Wilmot in his novel The Vicar of Wakefield.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-86aa892f54fa48c7b9601b3066b5f949",
            "input": "The speaker catalogues the three stages of his youth and \"the coarser pleasures of my boyish days / And their glad animal movements all gone by. \"  However, he goes on to say that \"other gifts / Have followed; for such loss, I would believe, / Abundant recompense. \"  He describes one of these gifts as being \"Of eye, and ear, - both what they half create, and what perceive,\" and concludes this poem by demanding to \"behold in thee what I was once\" while addressing his sister Dorothy during his return to the banks of the Wye river. FTP, what is this poem written by William Wordsworth, named for an edifice found nearby",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-284a15992b6640c4aa092291db629cad",
            "input": "John Damrell became this city's Inspector of Buildings following an 1872 event in which much of its financial district was destroyed in a fire. On 15 January 1919, twenty-one people were crushed to death or died of asphyxiation in its North End after a (*) storage tank burst and an immense wave of molasses rushed through the streets. A much earlier incident in this city saw five people shot dead outside its custom house, including the black merchant seaman Crispus Attucks. Five years after that event, British troops were defeated in a battle that took place primarily on and around Breed's Hill, located near this city. For 10 points, name this city, the home of John Hancock and Paul Revere, where tea was dumped into the harbour in 1773.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d749b7a6eb8f41618620fc6703c456d1",
            "input": "This substance reacts with sodium chloride in the Mannheim process. This substance is created industrially through a process that employs vanadium (vuh-NAY-dee-um) oxide as a catalyst, the contact process. A certain trioxide combined with this compound is called oleum (OH-lee-um), and this compound's two hydrogen atoms per ionizable molecule makes it diprotic. For 10 points, name this strong acid found in car batteries with formula H-two S-O four.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0418b9a5122148b58e7636a7ff020a0e",
            "input": "At one point the author tentatively titled this work \"The Flesh and the Spirit. \" After working in a shoe-factory for a short while, the title character quits and ends up staying for free in Ogden Place. Her role in \"Under the Gaslight\" is just part of the double life she leads after leaving the flat of her sister Minnie Hanson. One of her lovers is the married manager at Fitzgerald and Moys, while the other is a suave traveling salesman she met on the train to Chicago. Eventually, Charles Drouet loses out to George Hurstwood, who ends up committing suicide, in FTP, what work by Theodore Dreiser",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7952a2bdbd8649398c4b5e59ded50108",
            "input": "This man wrote a book in which he claims that the idea of the Oedipus complex breaks down when applied to matrilineal societies, and another in which the titular process occurs as a reaction between institutions, as he explains culture change in Africa. In addition to Sex and Repression in Savage Society and The Dynamics of Culture Change, one work by this man attempts to explain how human needs are organized by instiutions, while another studies agriculture of the titular plant and the spells used during its use in the Trobriand Islands. This anthropologist and author of A Scientific Study of Culture and Coral Gardens and Their Magic also studied the kula ring in, for 10 points, Argonauts of the Western Pacific",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7bf28cdf15c54f64bb4fb88ba9ec9c03",
            "input": "He used an electronic instrument that converted neon lights into sound in his Concertino for Trautonium and Strings. Revisions of his Cello Sonata demonstrate his conversion to the new objectivity, and he was also associated with the origins of utility music. He wrote the theory book The Craft of Musical Composition, and after writing the Life of Mary songs and the opera Cardillac, he protested the treatment of art under the Nazis with the movements Angelic Concert, Entombment, and Temptation of Saint Anthony in a 1934 protest performance. FTP, name this man who set to music When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed and created an opera about a sixteenth-century painter, entitled Mathis der Maler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-391a90df9662432f985751f41ef21121",
            "input": "In one literary work, a giant one of these animals enlists the collections officer Katagiri to help battle Worm and prevent an earthquake. That creature is a \"Super\" type that \"Saves Tokyo\" in a story by Haruki Murakami. This animal is the namesake of a comedy in which Xanthias is forced to wear Heracles' lion skin, and Dionysus brings back Aeschylus from Hades. In addition to naming that work by Aristophanes, this type of animal is owned by the gambler Jim Smiley, but has lead pellets poured down its throat to prevent it from being \"celebrated\" for its \"jumping\" in \"Calaveras County. \" For 10 points, name this type of amphibian found in a Mark Twain story.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-659b51cb6e2145588c31bd4bb3c84c5e",
            "input": "On this work's left, a cat carries a mouse in its mouth and a flock of birds extends from its upper left corner loop through a towering cave-like structure. Its center features numerous berry trees and for a time it was known as \"The Picture with the Strawberry-Tree Fruits. \" Songbirds on the left look on as horses and cats are ridden in a circle around a central pool. Members of both sexes bathe communally in two pools in the center and left of this work's central panel and the left and right panels of this work depict the Garden of Eden and Hell. FTP, name this 1504 triptych by Hieronymus Bosch that depicts the worldly sinful pleasures of human life.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c77ec3671be436c95290d7245561ad3",
            "input": "A recent mass death of puffins off this nation's coast has mirrored a similar dead bird event in Arkansas. In the aftermath of one recent crisis in this nation, Edison Pena was invited to (*) Graceland to celebrate Elvis's 76th birthday, but that man and his fellows are better-known for being the subject of a rescue mission based at the tent city Camp Hope. For 10 points, name this nation that recently saw thirty-three miners emerge safely from underground after being trapped for 69 days, whose rescue capsule from that incident now resides in Santiago.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0299762e0518422285a4b77ecc50cbb4",
            "input": "Jonathan Harr's new novel The Lost Painting describes the search for this man's The Taking of Christ. This man won early success with mythological portraits such as his Bacchus, whom he depicts in a toga holding a black ribbon, and a portrait of Cupid standing over a heap of musical instruments with his arrows in his right hand. It did not take long, however, for him to start painting hagiographical portraits, such as The Incredulity of St. Thomas and a large depiction of the beheading of St. John that now resides in a church on Malta, where he lived toward the end of his life. He is more famous for works like his Supper at Emmaus and a depiction of St. Paul having fallen from his horse. FTP, name this Italian painter, who was born Michelangelo Merisi and who is best known for his Calling of St. Matthew.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-149b7295dd2b46c4828e1cd49328e2bc",
            "input": "She turned a nymph her husband was chasing into a mint plant, and when Pirithous tried to take her for his wife, he was bound by snakes. The nymph Cyane melted into water after witnessing her abduction, which occurred when she wandered away from her friends the Oceanids to examine a large dark-blue flower. This gave Hades the chance to carry her off, while later, her eating of pomegranate seeds forced her to become his queen. FTP, who is this daughter of Demeter who must spend part of each year in the underworld, where she gets to share Adonis with Aphrodite",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e703a7b3c8743158398a886d9fb31e9",
            "input": "In one work, this philosopher contrasted active spirits with passive ideas and formulated what Gallois called his Master Argument, namely that proposing imaginary objects like books in a closet results in the proposer perceiving them. Another of his works features two limericks about the existence of a tree when no one is around in a quad, arguing that God always perceives it. While his plans to found a college in Bermuda stalled, this man penned a work that attacked the opponents of Anglicanism during a stay in Rhode Island; that work was Alciphron. He attacked calculus in The Analyst and is also known for works criticizing John Locke like A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. For 10 points, name this Irish philosopher of Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c2c92e0acbb4937b10c45f978d78236",
            "input": "One character in this novel is chastised for serving a lunch of bread and cheese as a replacement for burnt porridge. Another character in this novel has a dream in which a woman snatches off her bridal veil, places it on her own head, rends it, and tramples it. In this novel, a male character disguises himself as a gypsy woman and tells fortunes for his future wife and for Blanche Ingram. The protagonist of this novel is educated at a school run by Mr. Brocklehurst, where she meets Helen Burns, before St. John [pronounced \"sin - jin\"] Rivers proposes to her to join him as a missionary in India. The title character's first wedding is called off when it is revealed that the master of Thornfield Hall is secretly married to Bertha Mason. For 10 points, name this novel about the title governess who marries Edward Rochester, by Charlotte Bronte.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e8ea1787a9c4f65852db2d81d5e630b",
            "input": "Red Giants give off very little light in this region and thus emissions in this region can be used to test \"Dividing Line\" models that separate giant stars from Red Giants. The star Eta Carinae emits unusually strong radiation in this region, and observations of the star in this region of the spectrum have revealed a complex nebular structure. The radiation from black holes circled by accretion disks comes primarily in this band, as does most of the radiation from the corona of the Sun. Due to the opacity of the Earth's atmosphere, most observations in this band occur in high-altitude balloons or through space-based telescopes such as Chandra and EXOSAT. For ten points, name this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that lies between the Ultraviolet and Gamma Ray bands.  ",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd0a5e340cbd47a3af52199b87406de6",
            "input": "In one of this economists works, he notes that long term economics are all impractical because in the long term we are all dead, and in that same work, he posits an early form of the Quantity Theory of Money. In addition to Tract on Monetary Reform, he later wrote a series of three articles on war finance entitled How To Pay For the War. One of this economists books contains chapters such as The Conference, The Treaty, and Reparation, and discusses the economic implications of the Treaty of Versailles. That work is The Economic Consequences of the Peace. Other effects associated with this economist are the liquidity trap and multiplier effect. His most famous work argued for a governmental budget deficit and a government sponsored program of full employment to combat economic recession. For ten points, identify this member of the Bloomsbury school, an economist who wrote General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a8a4680f6b8408fa3ae78b74a08bc13",
            "input": "When these devices exploit their voltage-dependent variable capacitance they are known as varactors. Barring the creation of local hot spots, a non-destructive avalanche current is produced by electron-hole pair propagation when the electric field within the (*) depletion region of these devices reaches a critical value. Majority carriers exist in an energy state greater than the Fermi energy in the Schottky barrier variety and those that operate in reverse breakdown are named after Zener. For 10 pointsname these devices that allow current to pass in only one direction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80bd018b89f748e2a218a02f7cdd532d",
            "input": "One of his unrealized words was to house the totemic King of Kings, many pieces of which came from reclaimed house-timbers. A similar work used chestnut and oak to represent the title characters of his Adam and Eve, while Margin Pogany inspired a sculpture by this artist. He commemorated his hometown with a tower of 17 rhomboidal shapes, and the influence of Rodin can be seen in his rectangular marble version of The Kiss. His native folklore was the basis for his Maiastra. In 1920, a Parisian exhibit banned his allegedly phallic Princess X, but this sculptor remains best remembered for a marble and bronze series that was mistaken for a propeller blade. FTP, name this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a0439cd2c064aa8b83ecdbcd2f894f1",
            "input": "One author from this country wrote about Humberto Pealoza, who is successively transformed into a mute, a nun, and an infant, in a novel about the monstrous offspring of Ines and Jeronimo Azcoita, The Obscene Bird of Night. Another author from this country wrote the poetry collection Desolacin, as well as three sonnets mourning the death of Romelio Ureta. Besides Jose Donoso and Gabriela Mistral, a poet from this country wrote The Elemental Odes and Canto General. For ten points, identify this South American country home to Pablo Neruda.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d77a973f58a541bc920a7ddda5030528",
            "input": "This thinker used the example of billiard balls striking each other to consider the sentence \"A causes B,\" concluding that the statement is neither analytic nor synthetic, an argument related to this thinker's namesake problem of induction. This philosopher used the characters of Cleanthes, Demea, and Philo to consider various proofs of God's existence in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. His namesake \"fork\" distinguishes between relations of ideas and matters of fact. FTP what Scottish philosopher of the 18th century wrote An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef8736b45c51464bb1c49194696bbd82",
            "input": "This deitys association with the color red led to him being later considered to be the god of foreigners, an association that may have led him to marry Astarte in some myths. He was also associated with gazelles and donkeys, and most of his cult was centered in upper Egypt at Ombos. In some depictions, it is his responsibility to slay the Apep serpent, and he was the son of Geb and Nut and the husband of Nephthys. In a more famous myth, this deity was blamed for cutting Osiris body into pieces, making it necessary for him to be mummified. For ten points, identify this Egyptian diety of the desert, sandstorms, and evil.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46f02b96dcf24877ac208dd9f9b6c1e5",
            "input": "This figure was the protectorofImsetyon Earth, andNemty lost his toes as a result of bring this deity to Central Island.In one quest, this figurewas accompanied by 7 scorpions as guardians, and in a story paralleling that of Demeter, this figure tried to grant immortality to the son of Astarte while serving as her nursemaid en route to discovering a certain item in a fragrant tree of the palace. By mixingacertaingod's saliva with mudto createthe first cobra, this figure was able toget that god, Ra, to reveal his secret name. This figure cut off her black hair and destroyed her robes when her husband entered that box made of cedar, ebony, and ivory, though she later reassembled the pieces of his body.For 10 points, name thisfirst daughter of Geb and Nut, the goddess of fertility andwife of Osiris.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06925520cc264b649e6a8422a053157b",
            "input": "Wild plants on islands off the Pacific coast of Canada demonstrate this phenomenon because the range of seed size is much smaller than the range of the same wild plants on the Canadian mainland. It has also been observed in the Finnish people as they exhibit considerably less genetic variation than other Europeans, supporting the hypothesis that Finns are descended from a small group of people who settled in Finland 4000 years ago. FTP, name the genetic drift that results when a small number of individuals from a large population colonize a new area.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-441b12445bb6491f9bd3ee4766f85a13",
            "input": "Roger Casement tried to bring guns to rebels in this country led by Patrick Pearse and James Connolly during Easter. The movement for independence in this country included leaders such as Eamon de Valera (AY-mun dev-uh-LAIR-uh), Charles Parnell, and Michael Collins. This country is home to the parties Fianna Fail (FEE-en-uh FOIL) and Sinn Fein (shin fayn). For 10 points, name this island country that with a northern neighbor that is a part of the United Kingdom, which was also the site in the middle of the nineteenth century of a potato famine.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0898008d89264bfbb0cbdca8f4be8510",
            "input": "This effect dominates in energy regimes under one mega-electron volt, while at higher energies Compton scattering and pair production are likely to occur. It was first observed by Heinrich Hertz while working with spark gaps. Mathematically, this effect is likely to occur when the threshold frequency of the electromagnetic radiation times Planck's constant is equal to the work function, usually represented by a lower case phi. For 10 points, name this effect where incident light on the surface of a metal releases electrons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-316f7cec35da4501b4f49e5f3b10c514",
            "input": "One character in this play claims \"our little life is rounded with a sleep\" after noting that \"we are such stuff as dreams are made on.\" Another of its characters expresses shock at the \"brave new world, that has such people in't!\" A subplot in this play involves the drunken butler Stephano, who plots with Trinculo and Sycorax's son Caliban to overthrow Prospero, a sorcerer who has been exiled with his daughter Miranda. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare play in which Prospero has been blown to an island by the title storm.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ab3df17144643688b24ce254ec1866f",
            "input": "It saw the cession of Breisach to France, and confirmed its sovereignty over Toul, Metz, and Pinerolo. The Rhenish Palatinate was left to Charles Louis, and the Elector of Brandenburg was compensated for his loss of Pomerania. Its religious stipulations were a continuation of the Peace of Prague, the most important of which was the restoration of the worship rights of 1624. FTP, name this 1648 peace that resulted in the recognition of independence for The Netherlands and Switzerland and ended the Thirty Years' War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0b30c2f41f04528a7816bf9feac5eae",
            "input": "The use of an ethanolic type of this compound is used at reflux as a part of the Ing-Manske procedure to cleave N-alkylated phthalimide derivatives for use in the Gabriel Synthesis. The original commercial process for producing this involves, in the first steps, the oxidation of ammonia to chloramine with sodium hypochlorite. This compound is involved in the transformation of the carbonyl group of a ketone or aldehyde into a methyl group in the Wolf-Kishner reduction. Under the code name \"B-Stoff,\" a hydrated version of this compound was used to initiate combustion in the BV 143 during WWII and is used in the APUs of the International Space Station as a monopropellant. Produced in the Olin Raschig process, for 10 points, name this compound with formula N2H4.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23b0bd98c8934adabfd74b189e4a79d5",
            "input": "Max the Dutchman and Jack Blunt are among the crewmembers of the Highlander who take the title character to Liverpool in one of this man's works, which also sees a notable literary example of spontaneous combustion. This author of Redburn also wrote a work about a desolate group of islands home to the Rock Rodando and the Peruvian mestizo Hunilla, and another work about a Sicilian general who fought the Carthaginians. In addition to The Encantadas and Timoleon, this author wrote about his experience as a captive on Nukuheva, where he believed an infected wound on his leg kept him from being eaten, and another work in which a mutiny aboard a whaling vessel causes much of the crew to be stranded on Tahiti. For 10 pointsname this author of Typee and Omoo who also wrote about Fedallah, Tashtego, Queequeg and Captain Ahab in his novel Moby-Dick.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b273c88570494b1c8a54bd64289a1732",
            "input": "His early works include the essays collected in Nuptials and The Wrong Side and the Right Side, while his plays include State of Siege, Cross Purpose, and The Just Assassins. The author of dramatic adaptations of The Possessed and Requiem for a Nun, his later works include a 1956 novel set in a bar in Amsterdam and a collection of stories entitled Exile and the Kingdom. FTP, identify this French author of The Rebel, The Fall, and The Plague.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7c885d81e0d4e9e9d9dcb636c9b0e4f",
            "input": "One of its rare uses of military force came in the struggle against Valdemar IV, forcing Valdemar to accept its supremacy in the Peace of Straslund after a decisive 1368 victory over the Danes. It established a number of enclaves called Kontore in foreign towns like Novgorod, Bergen, and the Steel Yard in London, but was ultimately unable to compete with the powerful nation states that formed around it, meeting for the last time in 1669. Originating in an alliance between Lubeck and Hamburg, FTP, what was this league that dominated trading in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a7f51837e95414b8853ae8eccf7e0e9",
            "input": "Conductor Louis Spohr described this piece as tasteless. Its original fourth movement was cut and later became its composers String Quartet in A Minor. It begins with a pianissimo on A and E before crescendoing to D minor arpeggios. Near the end of the third movement, a fanfare enters in E flat major, designed to evoke the composers earlier Eroica symphony. The first full statement of the theme in the last movement is carried by the basses before the chorus takes over. For 10 points, identify this symphony which has its vocal part taken from Schillers Ode to Joy, the last one written by Beethoven.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4b2cca0a90142f488371f3ef9216aec",
            "input": "This quantity is measured along with volume on a Gran plot, and one device for measuring this quantity was developed by Arnold Orville Beckman. An analogue of this value is used to determine potential in an electrochemical cell in the Nernst equation, and a related value to this quantity, alkalinity, is derived from it and measures the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution. For a high value of this quantity, phenolphthalein will turn pink, indicating the presence of a base, and it is calculated using the negative log of the concentration of hydrogen ions. For 10 points, name this chemical quantity that runs from values of 0 to 14, used to indicate acidity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b1325e62617417ba06c43b80e8fb4ac",
            "input": "A father cuts his sons wife out of a photograph, but feels remorse when he learns of his grandchildren, in this authors short story Marriage is a Private Affair. Another of this authors short stories is set in a town run by the tyrant Kitikpa, and focuses on Julius, a clerk who accidentally steps on a sacrificial egg. This author of the childrens book How the Leopard Got Its Spots also wrote novels about Ikem Osodi, who is sentenced to death by Sam, the dictator of Kangan, and Obi, who is imprisoned for bribery after returning from England to the village of Umuofia. The author of Anthills of the Savannah and No Longer at Ease, FTP, name this Nigerian novelist who wrote about Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e90808c3687d4c5fa335c197eebb9da7",
            "input": "This thinker described living and eating as value judgments in a work that distinguishes between the \"age of negation\" and the \"age of ideologies\". This author of the essay The Rebel wrote another essay that discusses the \"nostalgia for unity\" as a reaction to absurdity and defines the essential question of philosophy as \"Should I kill myself\" He also wrote a novel that opens in the bar Mexico City in Amsterdam, where a stranger is given drink- ordering advice from \"judge-penitent\" Jean-Baptiste Clamance. This author of The Myth of Sisyphus and The Fall wrote a novel in which an Arab is killed by Meursault. For 10 points, name this author of The Stranger.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95f79a531a7e414f9bb720d5dce5077e",
            "input": "Through his daughter, who was forcibly married to Rhacius, this man became the grandfather of the\\n champion diviner Mopsus. He was also the father of the woman who allowed Alcmene to give birth to\\n Heracles by scaring away certain witches; that daughter was named Historis. This man lived for at least\\n seven generations, and after his death from drinking the waters of Telphussa, he advised against harming\\n the cattle of Helios. After killing a snake, he was transformed into a woman for seven years, and he later\\n was punished for saying women enjoy sex more by being blinded. For 10 points, name this prophet of\\n Thebes, who revealed Oedipus as the murderer of Laius.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-565062f0658f478fb812f70d6a109a78",
            "input": "This city features a skyscraper with two L-shaped pillars joined at the top, the CCTV Headquarters. This city monitors its air quality with a five-grade system, the best two of which are reported as \"\"blue sky days\"\". Other recent construction in this city includes twelve of its fourteen subway lines and a stadium known as the (*) \"\"bird's nest\"\", while older structures here include the Temple of Heaven and the Meridian Gate. For 10 points, name this metropolis which is home to Tiananmen Square and Forbidden City, capital of the People's Republic of China.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1cb173a436e04ed6b0fc80360f2eb766",
            "input": "This type of deity is represented in Aboriginal myth by Knowee, a mother in search of her child, while the Ashanti deity of this is Lisa, also known as Nyankopan. A god of this type was originally known as the \"Scabby One\" and was named Nanauatzin, though in later that role was assumed by Tonatiuh. In the Kalevala, this role is filled by Pasivas, while in another mythos this role is filled by the daughter of Mundilfari. The Celtic god of this type threw a stone ball into the evil eye of his grandfather Balor, while in Chinese myth, it is symbolized by a raven in a circle, and the divine archer, Shen Yi, uses it as his palace and shoots down nine false ones. The Norse tradition holds that it will be devoured by Skol at Ragnarok, and Amenhotep IV's worship this as the one true god led him to change his name to Akhenaten. For 10 points, name this celestial body associated with Ra and Helios. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e09a29fa295142ce88d6091f808ca802",
            "input": "A half-male, half-female crucified figure looks down at a Nazi officer in this artist's Apocalypse in Lilac, Capriccio, and a massive chandelier is located at the center of this artist's colorful paintings on the ceiling of the Paris Opera House. The Lithuanian flag flaps while a synagogue burns in one of his paintings, while the Eiffel Tower can be seen through a window in another of his works. In addition to (*) White Crucifixion and Self-Portrait with Seven Fingers, this man is most famous for a painting in which a woman stands upside-down playing violin while a green man is face-to-face with a goat. For ten points, identify this Russian-born artist of I and the Village.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2f89d23cc6e4d27ae27b48318e6173f",
            "input": "The ancient capital of this country is bisected by the Perfume River, which has its source in the Annamite Range. The Lake of the Returned Sword, or Hoan Kiem, is found in the capital of this country. The Can Tho Bridge crosses the Bassac River in this country, which is home to the Tay and Kinh ethnic groups. The world's largest cave, the Son Doong, is found in this country, which also contains the UNESCO Word Heritage sites of Ha Long Bay and the city of Hue. The Red River flows through the capital of this country, whose far south contains the Mekong Delta. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian country that contains Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b4074e1a18547b3a7d7da23de00d4f6",
            "input": "An emotional scene in this novel occurs when the protagonist mis-cuts a plug of tobacco, which causes her to be scolded by her husband. She talks back, and he hits her and refuses to talk to her. After that man dies, the woman leaves for Florida with a man who entertained her with checker games. At one point in this novel, the protagonist spends time \"on de muck,\" picking beans. One character in this novel is infected with rabies by a dog, which causes him to attempt to shoot his wife. That wife was first married to Logan Killicks, who takes her from her home with Nanny, but later weds Tea Cake. For 10 points, identify this novel about Janie Stark, written by Zora Neale Hurston.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-efbb4bb1ab484627981f6ceca3b43f88",
            "input": "Nugent, an Irish fisherman, is called on as a witness in this work after which the title character is indicted for murder due to his untimely arrival at the scene. One character attempts to befriend the blind Monsieur de Lacey but is discovered by his children Agatha and Felix. Justine Moritz is falsely accused of William's murder in this work, and this epistolary novel is written from the perspective of Robert Walton who meets the title character at the Arctic circle. The title character's wife Elizabeth is killed on their wedding night as the protagonist's creation seeks to exact revenge. For 10 points, identify this work subtitled \"The Modern Prometheus,\" a novel by Mary Shelley.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-afb61278ee7f47a194ff00be35eef4ec",
            "input": "Under the leadership of Nicholas Geffard, this country signed a treaty allowed missionaries from the Vatican greater freedoms. The Boukman rebellion occurred in this country, and from 1849 to 1859 it was ruled by Emperor Faustin I. Jean Boyer led this nation after the death of Alexander Petion, who clashed with a man who established an independent northern kingdom, Henri Christophe. Another leader of this country came to power after the resignation of Paul Magloire, and that man's advisor Clement Barbot organized the secret police, the Tontons Macoutes. For 10 points, identify this nation which saw a successful slave rebellion led by Toussaint-L'ouverture.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3ef60a6a1a0480090bf46ca918d6f91",
            "input": "He composed the scores for the ballets Dybbuk and Facsimile, while his controversial Mass was composed specifically for the opening of the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Initially studying under Walter Piston and Fritz Reiner, he was soon mentored by Serge Koussevitsky. Making a spectacular debut as conductor with the New York Philharmonic as a last-minute substitute for Bruno Walter, he went on to success both as a conductor and composer of musicals like Candide and Fancy Free. FTP, who was this composer of West Side Story",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-def254263bdc421286d8517069743787",
            "input": "This functional group can be added to an alkene in a Markovnikov fashion by adding mercuric acetate and water, followed by sodium borohydride in a sodium hydroxide solution in a process called oxymercuration. When compounds containing this functional group are of low mass, zinc chloride can be used to classify them in the Lucas test. Secondary ones can be oxidized into ketones, and when yeast cells undergo fermentation, they produce carbon dioxide and a compound which contains this functional group. Name this functional group with general formula R-OH, examples of which include ethanol and methanol.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da7c69ba1acc41a3b9de126cf1236b25",
            "input": "A political party named for this was able to get two governors elected in Nevada in the early 20th century. William Hope Harvey's pamphlet Coin's Financial School argued against the \"Crime of '73\" named for an act that led to sharp decline in the price of this; that decrease led to the passage of the Bland-Allison Act, which ordered purchase of this substance by the US Treasury. That act was superseded by 1890 legislation named for an Ohio senator that increased government purchases of this, but didn't provide for its \"free coinage.\" FTP a \"purchase act\" named for John Sherman called for US support of what precious metal",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-42ee840809674c5f876390e1ef7e662d",
            "input": "\"Toy\" and \"toe\" are two orthologs of the PAX6 gene in Drosophila named for their influence on the development of these structures. In insects and millipedes, these structures are made of clusters of hexagonal ommatidia, and rhodopsin is a pigment found in these organs. The(*) hyaloid canal passes through the vitreous humor in this organ, and rods and cones are specialized neurons found in the retina in this organ. For 10 points, name this organ in which the iris controls the passage of light through the pupil and toward the lens.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33f9ac3af6a04951973188900182b157",
            "input": "He was cured of his ejaculation problem by Cephalus's wife Procris, and in gratitude gave her a gift Zeus had given his mother. He drove his brothers away after they all fell in love with the same boy, and gained the throne after his stepfather Asterius died. His son Androgeus once swept every event in the Panathenaic Games. He captured Megara with the help of Scylla and Athens with the help of plague and famine, receiving the parthenoi in tribute. He was boiled to death in the court of Cocalus after demanding the return of former chief architect Daedalus. Cuckolded by a bull, FTP, identify this father of Ariadne and Phaedra, wife of Pasiphae, and son of Europa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d35c7899b6ba4785bbfc1f1221d53a7d",
            "input": "The work of this composer was often jazz-influenced, for example the Blues movement from his Violin Sonata. He had some Basque ancestry, and drew on Basque sources for his Piano Trio in A Minor. Neoclassical influences are seen in a work commemorating friends that had died in WWI, Le Tombeau de Couperin. In his final years, he wrote two piano concertos, one for the one-armed pianist Paul Wittgenstein. He is, however, best known among the musically tasteless for his intolerably repetitive piece Bolero. For 10 points, name this 20th-century French composer.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce7066e8cf2e40b098e2457b04fbcb7a",
            "input": "In this work, the author argues that Hamlets lack of fortitude is because Claudius did what he could not, and it puts forth the idea that the title objects are the effects of compromises in the psyche. The author outlines the processes of condensation and displacement through which the unconscious is expressed, and its author argued that the title entities are the royal road to the unconscious. Outlining a condition in which a boy wants to kill his father in order to get closer to his mother, FTP, identify this work which introduced the Oedipus complex, written by Sigmund Freud.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3be81a9923e4e21b8653a50d2023be8",
            "input": "This country's land was apportioned through the law knows as \"senatus-consulte. \" It was allegedly colonized in revenge for its ruler hitting an ambassador with a flyswatter, and it was later somewhat democratized by Chadli Bendjedid. This country was the home to the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties, and its later independence activists included Houari (*) Boumedienne and Ahmed Ben Bella. The Secret Army Organization attempted to prevent the independence of this country, whose namesake crisis brought down the Fourth Republic. For 10 points, name this Muslim country which became independent from France under Charles de Gaulle.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a2778e4a0c1b4bc6885da7c8cf1692cf",
            "input": "In  July  2013,  Colombia  became  the  first  country  to  eliminate  transmission  of   onchocerciasis [AHN-kuh-sur-SY-uh-siss], the most common parasitic disease of this organ. The ancestral Pax6  gene controls development of this organ in all bilateral species, and the \"light   switch\" theory holds that evolution of it triggered the Cambrian Explosion. Growth of new blood  vessels in the choroid can lead to the \"wet\" form of macular degeneration in this organ that requires  vitamin A for its rods to function. Glaucoma and cataracts impair what organ that detects light at  the retina to produce vision",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9fca3917f4e2420ea552c5f2bc834448",
            "input": "One person who advocated this idea was thrown in jail in Nuremberg, and Hans Delbruck prevented the entry of a prospective member. A topic of discussion at the Convention of Gastein, this idea was popularized by the author of The National System of Political Economy, Friedrich List, and a rival organization was created in the Steuerver until its absorption through a series of treaties in 1834. First implemented by Prussia, which created a North German version of it, this organization created a uniform tariff against all non-members, and later absorbed Alsace-Lorraine in 1872 and the Hanseatic Cities in 1888. For ten points, identify this German economic organization which excluded Austria and knocked down internal trade barriers, whose name comes from the German for \"customs union\".",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e128ced8235d44148a8c17c5468dee0e",
            "input": "Several Hindus and Jains observe this practice in an event known as Ekadashi, which occurs roughly every eleventh day. Women may perform this action on Karva Chauth, and Mormons are asked to practice it the first Sundays of each month. In Judaism, this action occurs on the Tenth of (*) Tevet. Muslims recite the Fajr prayer before engaging in this practice, and in the evening, they end their ritual by using dates and water in an event called iftar. Jews are required to perform this action on Yom Kippur. For ten points, identify this abstention of food practiced by Muslims during the month of Ramadan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29a9efad0966421e94098ca84989778f",
            "input": "The negative ratio of this quantity to the gas constant is equated to the derivative of the natural log of equilibrium constant over the derivative of the natural log of inverse temperature. During throttling processes, this quantity remains constant, and for isochoric processes, this quantity is simply equal to the change in internal (*) energy. The standard heat of formation is this quantity for the formation of 1 mol of a compound. This quantity for the conversion of a gas to an ionic solid is reported as the lattice energy, and this quantity has units of joules per kilogram. For 10 points, name this quantity which is equal to the product of pressure and volume of a system plus its internal energy, which is usually denoted H.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-14ccb015a18643458f058c19b1bf3f2f",
            "input": "This politician ran for office on his Sixty Days of Decision promise. His criticism of American foreign policy caused the American president to tell him you pissed on my rug. This man signed the Auto-Pact with the United States and unified the Air Force, Army, and Navy into the Canadian Armed Forces. This man led his party in defeating John Diefenbakers Progressive Conservatives and as Prime Minister. He won the Great Flag Debate and introduced universal health care. While serving in the cabinet of St. Laurent, this man helped mediate the Suez crisis, for which he won the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize. For 10 points, name this Liberal Prime Minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968 who also introduced the Maple Leaf flag.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e3d20431cd0d4cd79949bc7bfef82694",
            "input": "One of the reasons this scandal broke was the capture of Eugene Hasenfus after his Fairchild C-123 cargo plane was shot down. In it, the executive branch disobeyed the Boland Amendment, leading to the resignation of National Security Adviser Admiral John Poindexter. During this incident the president continued to insist that \"we did not negotiate with terrorists\" and acted against the wishes of Secretary of State Shultz and Secretary of Defense Weinberger. Much of the work was carried out by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, who diverted money to rebels fighting against the ruling Sandinistas in Nicaragua. Name this scandal during the Reagan presidency that involved selling weapons to a country headed by Ayatollah Khomeini.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8e916af72164dcaa27b5530aa5cfa73",
            "input": "This battle was precipitated by the threat to destroy settlements in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina unless the population submitted to royal authority. The settlers decided not to wait for Major Ferguson to bring the war to them and sent a force of frontiersmen to look for him. They found him and 900 Loyalists at this site encamped on a plateau that seemed to provide an excellent defensive position. But the slopes leading up to the plateau were strewn with trees and boulders that provided the colonials with effective cover when they began their attack during the afternoon. FTP identify this Revolutionary War battle fought on Oct. 7, 1780, in north-central South Carolina, which helped turn the tide of the war in the South.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ba20e0d892248f8a4211ad6545356b7",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel is visited by her sister-in-law, the Countess Gemini, who tells her stories of her husband's past, and other characters in this novel include Mr. Bantling. The protagonist's father dies at the beginning of the novel, and her aunt takes her to London to live at Gardencourt. The protagonist visits London with Henrietta Stackpole and her cousin (*) Ralph Touchett, and she rejects marriage proposals from Lord Warburton and Caspar Goodwood. The protagonist is married to a man whose affair with Madame Merle produced the child Pansy, Gilbert Osmond. For 10 points, name this novel about Isabel Archer, written by Henry James.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e39ce5c0a9964604b8ddbab12bb82e84",
            "input": "After this deity was impregnated by Iasion, she gave birth to the god of wealth Plutus. She was worshiped in Arcadia as a woman with the head of a horse because Poseidon turned into a stallion to rape her. The Eleusinian Mysteries were held in honor of this goddess and her daughter. She gave Triptolemus a winged chariot pulled by snakes to help him teach the world agriculture during her search for her (*) daughter, who was abducted into the underworld by Hades. For 10 points, name this mother of Persephone, the Greek goddess of grain and the harvest.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6a2e036858b486da7b01a0e0e4fa9f3",
            "input": "R-colored ones result from retroflex or bunched contact and cause a lowered frequency in the third formant. They can differ in roundedness, backness, and height, and Spanish ones are often described as tense, while English ones can be tense or lax. Each has a unique sound known as its quality, and one that changes between two qualities during its duration is known as a diphthong. The amount of air that escapes through the nose during their articulation is known as nasalization. FTP, name these open-tract syllabic sounds in language whose English varieties include A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes Y.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a6715dadf8414b5ba425770b4f3aa31e",
            "input": "His self portaits include one \"between clock and bed\" and another as \"the wanderer. \" A girl stands in front of a boat in his The Voice, and the title figure is naked and convulsing in his Madonna; those works join with his Ashes, Jealousy, and Melancholy in a large series consisting of most of his thematic works. He depicted the death of his sister from tuberculosis in The Sick Child, while the reactions of family members to a similar event are the subject of his Death in the Sick Room. He considered most of his paintings to be a part of his series The Frieze of Life, including a work inspired during a walk along the Ljabrochaussen, which shows the influence of Krakatoa in the red sky above the bald and elongated central figure who is clasping his head in anguish. FTP, name this Norwegian painter of The Scream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2701dcb243554ea68f5459407100547e",
            "input": "They can be synthesized by the McFadyen-Stevens reaction and the Nef reaction, and aromatic examples of them are created by the Gattermann-Koch reaction. Reacting an ester or a nitrile with DIBAL-H and hexane will produce them, and they can be detected by the formation of a silver mirror when exposed to Tollens reagent. They can also be prepared by oxidizing a primary alcohol with potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid, though using a secondary alcohol will give a ketone instead. Such properties are characteristic of, FTP, what class of organic compounds with a terminal carbonyl group, whose simplest member has formula CH2O",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34658ec5da754be481bdbabb7fc4ca3a",
            "input": "One ruler of this empire, Furrukhsiyar, ruled with the help of the Syed Brothers until they deposed him and blinded him with needles. Alamgir II was the ruler of this empire when its capital was sacked by the invading forces of Ahmad Shah Abdali. One ruler of this empire was tutored by Bairam Khan and was the focus of (*) Din-i Ilahi, a syncretic cult. That ruler's father lost his territories to Sher Shah and had to flee to Persia. This empire was established after the First Battle of Panipat, and one of its emperors was responsible for the construction of the Red Fort as well as a larger edifice at Agra. Babur founded and Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan, and Akbar the Great ruled, for 10 points, what Muslim dynasty of India",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bc3e3cb685c4877a3efd89881a48897",
            "input": "One book with this city's name in its title was a \"retroactive manifesto\" for part of it. That work described this city as Delirious and was written by Rem Koolhaas. In this city, Norman Foster designed a building with interlocking triangular glass panels, the Hearst Tower. Buildings in this city include the Chippendale-topped Sony Building. One building in this city is shaped by the triangular city block on which it lies, while another was designed in the International Style by (*) Phillip Johnson and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. This home of the Woolworth Building houses an Art Deco building with a terraced crown and ornamentation based on cars. For 10 points, name this city, home of the Seagram Building, the Chrysler Building and the Empire State Building.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f23f69bc421d4f7b9d78bbb81b4800e1",
            "input": "The incremental distributional value of this quantity for a given sliver of the mass distribution of stars can be found from the Schecter function. For main sequence stars, this value is approximately proportional to the 3. 9th power of the star's mass, and one law for calculating this quantity sets it proportional to the fourth power of the stellar velocity dispersion; that law only applies to elliptical galaxies. For a spiral galaxy can be found from the amplitude of its rotation curve in the Tully-Fisher relation. Often calculated for a blackbody by multiplying 4 pi r squared times the result of the Stefan-Boltzmann law, for 10 points, name this quantity, which is equal to the energy radiated by an astronomical body per unit time.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b3037b6484b47d6b6122fa11bdc8ca1",
            "input": "This mathematician names a surface in spacetime which intersects every non-spacelike curve in that spacetime exactly once, and a value named for him appears in the KramersKronig relations. A weaker form of Sylow's first theorem is his theorem which states that if a prime number p divides the order of G, then G has a subgroup of order p. He names a theorem stating that the integral of a function on a simply connected region is equal to the sum of the function's a sub negative one Laurent coefficients at each pole in the region. Any complex differentiable function will satisfy the pair of differential equations named for him and Riemann, and he is the first namesake of an inequality on vector spaces. For 10 points, name this French mathematician whose namesake sequence converges in a complete space.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0f0787078644524b6ee09a5323f4863",
            "input": "In one of his books, Nanda and Shridaman kill each other in a swordfight. In another, Madame Houpfle begs to have her jewels stolen by a man who then impersonates the Marquis de Venosta. In another novel by this author, the organist Wendell Kretschmar is a big influence on the composer of \"Apocalypsis cum figuris,\" and in another, Christian begins to look English and Hanno dies young to extinguish the family line. Such characters as Serenus Zeitblom, Felix Krull, Adrian Leverkuhn, and the Buddenbrooks family appear in his books. FTP, name this author who also created Gustave von Aschenbach in Death in Venice.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ee49202c2bf41d2becd211283b12657",
            "input": "Barry Allen wrote about this work \"Post-Analytic,\" and adherents of the \"new\" school of its author interpret this work in a \"resolute reading. \" Its frontispiece contains a quote about \"everything we say\" by Kurnburger. This work claims that the existence of \"atomic states of affairs\" constitutes fact, and that a thought is a logical picture of a fact. This work is broken down into seven propositions, the first of which states that \"The world is everything that is the case. \" FTP, name this work that claims \"That which we cannot speak of we must pass over in silence,\" a book-length work of Ludwig Wittgenstein.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f08ab8cf03b4a49a759948e88e48639",
            "input": "Patients with McArdle's disease lack the enzymes needed to break down this material. The synthesis of this material makes use of a compound called UDPG along with an enzyme that creates branches along its linear framework; thus this material contains both 1,4 and 1,6 alpha glycosidic bonds. Marathon runners \"\"hit the wall\"\" when they deplete their supply of this material which is the animal analogue of plant starch. For 10 points, name this polymer of glucose found in the human body which is broken down by the hormone glucagon.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-137a5ba1f454490b810acfe727b060e0",
            "input": "One of his works shows a water nymph in the lower right, holding a piece of music after lulling to sleep Rinaldo, who leans against a tree as Armida discovers him. His time in Italy resulted in portraits like Cardinal Bentivolo and George Gage, Looking at a Statuette, and he created a series of etchings and engravings depicting various colleagues known as his Iconography. At the court of the Earl of Arundel, he painted a portrait of Thomas Howard, and he executed 35 paintings of Queen Henrietta Maria, but is better known for portraits of her husband, including one ...in Hunting Dress. For 10 points, name this Flemish pupil of Rubens and portraitist of England's Charles I.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a35323ae3df948d58aa4b909bedd2abc",
            "input": "The Zig Zag and the Jenolan Caves are popular attractions in a mountain range of this name, and this color is sometimes used to describe a city home to Umaid Bhawan Palace, India's Jodhpur. Another city named for this color is being built off the coast of Muscat in Oman. A parkway with this color in its name passes through a namesake mountain chain, begins in Waynesboro and connects the Shenandoah and Great Smoky National Parks. A river with this color in its name flows past the Choke Mountains, gets water from the Rahad and Dinder rivers, and flows from Lake Tana in Ethiopia before  joining with another colored river in Khartoum. For 10 points, name this color which also is present in a section of the Appalachians stretching from Pennsylvania to Georgia, and a river which joins with the White Nile.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00ef67dbc5d64af5aa2064d58933271c",
            "input": "This book's universality was attacked by Heidegger in the Davos debate, and its so-called \"principle of significance\" was attacked in Peter Strawson's The Bounds of Sense. This book compares logic to a courtyard in its B-preface, written six years after its A-preface. It says that we comprehend a \"manifold\" of sense-data via the \"unity of apperception,\" and claims that space and time exist as \"forms of intuition\" in our heads. Its author simplified its four sets of contradictory \"antinomies,\" and its split between phenomena and imperceptible noumena, for his Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics. This book's transcendental deductions show that \"7 + 5 = 12\" is within the title mental faculty. For 10 points, name this book which showed that synthetic a priori truths exist, by Immanuel Kant.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef3749d140ee4274bb255bb91b03cc4b",
            "input": "Gerald J. Smith has suggested that this poem may have its origins in Thucydides' recording of The Funeral Oration of Pericles. This poem's second section urges the addressee to \"Take the wings / Of morning, pierce the Barcan wilderness / Or lose thyself in the continuous woods / Where rolls the Oregon and hears no sound\". The first section speaks of \"When thoughts / Of the last bitter hour come like a blight / Over thy spirit\" and begins by referring \"To him who in the love of Nature holds / Communion with her visible forms\". Its concluding section tells the addressee to \"go not, like the quarry-slave at night / Scourged to his dungeon\". FTP, name this \"Meditation upon Death\" by William Cullen Bryant.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01e8942410c8485aa9a9aef37f4e0fbe",
            "input": "This man manipulated having a meeting with Paul Wentworth into getting a treaty agreed to, but was unaware that Wentworth had turned his secretary Edward Bancroft. Alexander Wedderburn attacked this man for an hour in front of the Privy Council for his role in illegally obtaining private letters during the Hutchinson Affair. William Strahan was never sent this man's \"You Are Now My Enemy\" letter. He employed his grandson Temple as a secretary, and never reconciled with his son William, the last royal governor of New Jersey. This man wore a coonskin cap to play up the folksiness of Americans while negotiating for an alliance with France, which happened after the victory at Saratoga. For 10 points, name this Founding Father from Pennsylvania who was also an accomplished scientist.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89f356b34f9d4b60810e9e088c1b7464",
            "input": "This empire was ruled from its capital at Pataliputra, now the city of Patna. Founded by the king of Magadha who, from his home of Bihar, drove out the Greeks, it fell to the Sungas in 187 BC. FTP, identify this empire, whose third ruler accepted Buddhism, which was founded by Chandragupta and which ruled India for 150 years.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa19ca2c9d354d80b2ef5cda76ee34c8",
            "input": "One character in this novel muses about how much of life is spent watching one's feet. Another character in this novel kicks sand at a young child and later helps the antagonist move to Castle Rock. While trying to tell others about the(*) dead parachutist he found after talking to a rotting pig's head, Simon is killed in a frenzy. A conch shell represents order in this book, in which Roger smashes a boulder into Piggy. For 10 points, name this book in which Jack and Ralph compete for leadership of a group of schoolboys stranded on an island, written by William Golding.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-025ed13e089c4ddf8679763d8ed2b0d3",
            "input": "Miller's algorithm is sometimes used to generate a recurrence relation for these entities, and Steed's method simultaneously calculates both them and their derivatives. e to the i z cos  is equal to the sum from n equals negative to positive infinity of i to the n times e to the i n  times this function of z by the Jacobi-Anger expansion. By Mehler's formula, ones of order (*) zero are proportional to the integral from 0 to infinity of the sin of x cosh t dt, while the ones of order plus or minus one-half are equal to the square root of 2 over pi x, times cos or sin x. They are the solutions to the equation x squared d squared y d x squared plus x dy dx plus y times quantity x squared minus  squared equals zero, their namesake's differential equation, but are also used in the solution to the Laplace differential equation in spherical and/or cylindrical coordinates. For 10 points, name these functions denoted by J(x) and named after a German astronomer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc540fa8328b4ec585d020986f1e71be",
            "input": "This composer's piano concerto features a solo for the cellos in its middle Intermezzo movement; that concerto in A minor was originally written as a one-movement Phantasie. One of his collections of piano works includes the often-omitted movement Sphinxes and two movements that depict contrasting aspects of the composer's personality, (*) Florestan and Eusebius. This composer of Carnaval wrote a symphony named for poems by Adolph Boettger. Another of his symphonies features three trombones in the fourth movement depicting a ceremony in the Cologne Cathedral near the namesake river. For 10 points, name this composer of the Spring and Rhenish symphonies, husband of Clara.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c7164116f8847aaaa78997d88b1d278",
            "input": "One of this mans protagonists dies when he blows up his palace after his mother Fides sings the aria Ah my son. In Act III of another of this composers operas, a hurricane begins to rise as Nelusko sings a ballad about the monster Adamastor. The protagonist of that opera by this man sings O Paradise! upon arriving in Selikas homeland. This composer of operas about John of Leyden and Vasco da Gama created a work in which Bertram summons a ballet of debauched nuns to tempt the title character, who is engaged to Isabelle. Another of his operas centers on Raoul de Nagis and culminates in the St. Bartholomews Day Massacre. For 10 points, name this composer of such operas as Le Prophete, LAfricaine, Robert le Diable, and Les Huguenots.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9acc5fb8395f454ea9afa2fdd6b3e05d",
            "input": "One of his novels concerns a man who has a stroke due to excessive sexual arousal, while another depicts a disintegrating marriage through the use of parallel diaries. His first novel is about a westernized engineer named Joji and is called Naomi. A prolific translator, his early work, like the short story \"The Tattooer\" bears the influence of Edgar Allen Poe. He treated the conflict between modernity and national identity in his essay \"In Praise of Shadows. \" Other works include Quicksand, Captain Shigemoto's Mother, and The Key, but he is best known for a novel about four sisters living in Osaka. FTP, who is this Japanese writer, best known for Some Prefer Nettles and The Makioka Sisters",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1b2298a1dd546f6a66f454e0d0adf14",
            "input": "This composer's Fourth Symphony in E Minor contained 30 variations on a theme from J.S. Bach's Cantata No. 150, while his acquaintance with Richard Muhlfeld inspired his Trio for Clarinet and Quintet for Clarinet and Strings. He composed a cantata based on Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered entitled Rinaldo, and collaborated with Dietrich and another composer on the F-A-E Sonata. In 1869, this man composed a series of Love Songs, and in the same year released his two volumes of piano duets based on Gypsy folk tunes, Hungarian Dances. The partner to his Tragic Overture was also composed for the University of Breslau. FTP, identify this composer whose works include A German Requiem and the Academic Festival Overture.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76ee97dc41bb48d5815565339cadea5d",
            "input": "Some residents of this country celebrate the new year with a day of silence called Nyepi. Following a similar venture in Brazil, Norway offered this nation up to 1 billion dollars to reduce its rate of deforestation, which is the largest in the world despite a 2011 moratorium, and is largely caused by the massive expansion of this country's non-native palm oil industry. Raja Ampat is one of this country's marine biodiversity hotspots formed from extensive coral reefs, and it is home to the pilgrimage sites of Prambanan and Borobudur. This nation's region of Kalimantan is a natural habitat of the orangutan. Sulawesi is part of this nation, which is home to the world's largest Muslim population. For 10 points, name this archipelagic nation with capital at Jakarta on the island of Java.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f44f6f30aa84bc4a92a7faff871d93b",
            "input": "One company in this industry collapsed on \"Black Monday\" of 1977. John F. Kennedy attacked a group of executives in this industry led by Roger Blough for attempting to fix prices. The Chicago Police Department opened fire on unarmed protesters and their families in the Memorial Day Massacre during a 1937 strike in this industry. A different strike prompted Charles Sawyer to seize the factories of a company based in (*) Youngstown, Ohio, resulting in a Supreme Court case. The first billion-dollar corporation was created when J.P. Morgan purchased a company in this industry that had earlier hired Pinkerton agents to break up the Homestead strike. For 10 points, identify this industry included such executives as Henry Clay Frick and Andrew Carnegie.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3872399f440c43e9acffc8ea853e3bf2",
            "input": "This phenomenon causes a quadratic term to appear in pulsar periods in the Shklovskii effect. Three unevenly spaced wavelengths were produced by using concave mirror to ignore one of its forms, confirming another form of this phenomenon caused by time dilation in the Ives-Stilwell experiment. Photons emitted from particles in thermal motion undergo spectral (*) broadening due to this effect. It was independently confirmed by Fizeau and Buys Ballot. As the spectral lines of distant stars have lower frequency than that of hydrogen, this effect can be used to show that the universe is expanding. For 10 points, redshift is a manifestation of what effect that causes the observed pitch of a siren to decrease as an ambulance passes by",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7507875919a046938efaafb4c9ac183e",
            "input": "This novel is prefaced by a quote from Gramsci stating that in the interregnum [between the old and the new] there arises a great diversity of morbid systems. The protagonist recalls that the only book she owns is a copy of Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi while the title character is fetching clothes to be washed. After Royce is caught wiping his behind with a stone, that title character is found missing. In addition to the truck driven away by the title character, Bamford's gun is eventually stolen, possibly by Daniel so he can fight in the revolution in Johannesburg. Maureen Smales leaves behind her husband and children at the end of, FTP, what novel by Nadine Gordimer named for the Smales servant",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f20244e8012240c3ad3bd28e5293ccd1",
            "input": "One stricture accompanying this event is extended by one forty-eighth of a day in its namesake tosefet, part of its Erev, which is sometimes accompanied by a mincha and usually by a mikvah. One obligation for this day is to study a service in which the Tetragrammaton was pronounced several times and the blood of a bull and goat sprinkled in the perfumed Holy of Holies. This event sees the only wearing of a tallis for an evening service; married men also wear a kittel, but not leather. A shofar is blown for the service accompanying this holiday, special prayers for which include the Neilah and the Kol Nidre, which renounces all vows. For 10 points, name this Jewish Day of Atonement.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc607827e3674428b4de86ab2fd764d3",
            "input": "Its founder, a veteran named William Mooney, developed a long series of fake Indian rituals as a way to mock its higher-class rival, the Society of Cincinnati. Named for a Delaware Indian chief and incorporated as an immigrant aid association in 1805, it gradually became active in politics, eventually helping elect Fernando Wood as mayor of New York. Associated with \"Boss\" Tweed, FTP, what was this New York City political machine",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43fb4cafbc4145c0951b34f773bbffa8",
            "input": "In this culture, land was owned by a group of families known as the calpulli. Much of the history of this this civilization is collected in the Florentine Codex. One ruler of this empire targeted its neighbor during the Flower Wars. The Templo Mayor was at the center of this civilization's capital, where a group of soldiers escaped during La Noche Triste following the death of its ruler, Moctezuma II. For 10 points, Hernan Cortes conquered what empire that governed from its capital of Tenochtitlan",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e0e3c49457045929dac73fe5ff5f82a",
            "input": "One of this man's daughters was Phrixus's stepmother and became a sea goddess who saved Odysseus. Another daughter of his had a son whom Artemis transformed into a stag. This father of Ino and Autonoe invented the alphabet and had a wife along with whom he was turned into a snake in Illyria. This figure earlier slew a creature who was sluggish from eating all of his men, after which he threw a rock amidst a bunch of warriors, who promptly killed each other. This father of Semele and husband of Harmonia was led to the spot where those things occurred by a white cow, which followed after being told that his sister Europa was doing fine. For 10 points, name this Greek who sowed dragon's teeth to help found Thebes.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-558a74b21b3340c4ac49aa3b441ec4a8",
            "input": "One of this man's sons was devoured when the supply of human flesh he had been feeding his horses   ran out. This man found his nephew's corpse carried to shore by a dolphin, and his twin sons were  killed by their mother Tyro. He marked his cattle's hooves to prove that they had been stolen, and   then raped the thief's daughter, Anticlea [an-TEE-clee-ah]. This man left the Underworld after his  wife Merope [MEH-roh-pay] failed to perform proper funeral rites; earlier, he had narrowly escaped  death by chaining up Thanatos. Name this king of Corinth who was condemned in Tartarus to  eternally push a boulder up a hill.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18949888ee59432b949ed817ba9a3331",
            "input": "This artist's time in Cullercoats influenced the creation of such words as Inside the Bar. Two black crows menacingly stare down the central animal in this man's Fox Hunt, and a woman holding a parasol gazes over her shoulder at a man in a straw hat in a boat in the sand in his Two Are Company, Three Are None. Two men attempt to get their bearings in the Eight Bells, and A Union officer confronts a group of disheveled confederate prisoners against a desolate Virginia landscape in Prisoners from the Front, and another of his works shows a waterspout in the distance while sharks surround a black man's boat in the foreground. FTP, name this American who painted many watercolors of ocean scenes in addition to Breezing Up and The Gulf Stream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2345ecd28dcd4f1e8947bcc67e0c1b1a",
            "input": "This composer has the cellos play half pizzicato, half arco over a sustained \"D-A-C-sharp\" drone in the first movement of one piece. The second movement of that piece by this composer begins with a high cello solo and includes a celesta ostinato. He included a \"Praludium\" marked \"Rasch\" in his sort-of-neo- baroque Piano Suite. Another piece by this composer includes a \"Valse de Chopin\" and uses an \"E-G-E- flat\" motive in a movement subtitled \"Passacaglia.\" He originally used titles like \"The Obbligato Recitative\" and \"Chord Colours\" for his Five Orchestral Pieces, in which he made the first major use of Klangfarbenmelodie. Another piece by this composer uses a different combination of piano, flute, clarinet, violin, and cello in each movement and is a setting \"three times seven poems\" by Albert Giraud using sprechstimme. For 10 points, name this Second Viennese School composer who innovated atonality with pieces like his Three Piano Pieces, Opus 11, and Pierrot Lunaire.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1eea46df9c0d4afd900486e9c54e49bd",
            "input": "This politician beat out George Dewey to be the Democratic presidential candidate with Adlai Stevenson I, and his opposition to heavy retaliation after the Lusitania affair caused him to resign from his post as Secretary of State under Wilson. This man argued for the prosecution against Clarence Darrow in the Scopes Monkey Trial and advocated [*] bimetallism in a speech proclaiming that \"you shall not press down on the brow of labor this crown of thorns.\" For 10 points, name this Populist orator who said that \"you shall not crucify mankind on a Cross of Gold\" and who ran for president and lost in both 1896 and 1900.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ed32ca441aa4bf78c35ffe881f6a61f",
            "input": "attributes the \"Zion Dialectic\" to this philosopher that theorized mules are infertile because their wombs are attached to their bellies. Another of his scientific theories is that salts are solidified because of the sun. One of this philosopher's works discusses that whatever is lawful extends through the wide-ruling air and boundless light, and a later part of it a father who killed his son with a prayer in preparation for a feast, and equates it with a time where the children kill their parents. This philosopher believed that animals housed sinful souls, and he also believed that there is a correlation between the soft blood of the body and the amount of air breathed in. This philosopher frequently referred to his \"two-fold\" truths, and he refers to entities that wander near the sea of life, those entities, are detached from the bodies, and are limbs. This man also theorized about the importance of a concept which makes many out of one, Strife. For ten points, name this philosopher who discussed the notion of the four elements before throwing himself into Mt. Etna.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d919aa8700e45698ed39d9564d1f0de",
            "input": "A virtuoso violinist from this country composed a series of Gypsy Melodies for Violin and Piano titled Zigeunerweisen and also authored a Fantasy on Carmen. One nationalist composer from this country created the operas Follet and Liliana early in the 20th century and another one about a man who returns from Algeria that's often compared to Cavalleria rusticana. Another work from this country features a second movement that has a melody introduced by English horn. One of the most famous composers from here composed a ballet featuring the \"Dance of the Miller's Wife\". The songs \"The Pan Piper\" and \"Will O' the Wisp\" appear on a jazz album titled for this place by Miles Davis. The birthplace of the composer of The Three-Cornered Hat, for 10 points, name this country home to the composer of Concierto de Aranjuez and Manuel de Falla.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a48554afeef54ce89639767b2b0924ae",
            "input": "Hans Hendrik Andersen demonstrated that the stopping power of these objects does not follow the Bethe formula, a result that proved the existence of the Barkas effect, and they are the cause of both pleochroic halos and of mineral metamictization. The last step in the CNO cycle creates a carbon atom and one of these. These are only associated with elements heavier than tellurium. Timothy May discovered that emission of these from DRAM can cause soft errors in microprocessor operations, and the Geiger-Nuttall law relates the life of an isotope to the production of these. For 10 points, identify these particles that escape from radioactive elements via quantum tunneling and Coulomb repulsion, which were used in Rutherford's gold foil experiment and are identical to a helium-4 nucleus.\r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-061790a495014093aae3d726096c27b0",
            "input": "The Bar Confederation fought for the independence of this nation. The thirteenth of the Fourteen Points called for this country's establishment and its access to the sea. The Piasts were one line of kings from this nation, which was home to a parliament called the Sejm (\"\"SAME\"\"). This thrice-partitioned nation was the birthplace of Pope John Paul II. For 10 points, name this country whose first post-communist president was Lech Walesa, who started the Solidarity union in this nation's Gdansk shipyards.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b775d3988acf44e58a898209d9b0e3bf",
            "input": "There are two sexes in this organism: a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite and a male. The adult essentially comprises a tube, the exterior cuticle, containing two smaller tubes, the pharynx and gut, and the reproductive system all within a one-millimeter package. All 959 somatic cells of its transparent body are visible with a microscope, and its average life span is a mere 2-3 weeks. Perhaps the most interesting thing about this nematode, though, is its 97-million base pair genome. FTP, identify this worm, the second eukaryote after budding yeast to have its genome completely sequenced.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4b7a0a7742f405cbd4b6f5d672c9d0b",
            "input": "One type of them is often twinned according to the Baveno and Carlsbad laws, and two types of them are the namesakes of the QAPF diagram. Celsian is one type composed of barium, and another type has cleavage planes that form slightly oblique angles; triclinic members of that type include albite, anorthite, and labradorite. One type of this mineral has a value of six on the Mohs hardness scale, and another type is located on the continuous branch of Bowen's reaction series. Approximately sixty percent of the Earth's outer crust is composed of this group of minerals, whose members are silicates of aluminum. FTP name this rock-forming group of minerals whose types include orthoclase and plagioclase.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5df91560ee3e4875b64174c1c73e4241",
            "input": "Sodium phenylburate is often used to treat suffers of disorders of this pathway. Defects in transporters found in this pathway can lead to HHH syndrome and Lysinuric Protein Intolerance. N-acetylglutamate is an allosteric activator of a key enzyme in this pathway. Aspartate and Citrullyl-AMP are used in one step of this reaction to form arginosuccinate. Like a connected pathway, fumarate is a byproduct of this reaction. In the mitochondria, citrulline is formed using a transcarbamoylase. Two amino acids that are part of this pathway are arginine and ornithine, and this cycle is sometimes named for the later. This cycle allows the body to deal with overconsumption of protein. For 10 points, name this cycle which generates a namesake compound allows the body to remove excess nitrogen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-433b2afcee9d4c37b13c7359f16c5db6",
            "input": "In plasmas, the ambipolar version of this phenomenon is inversely proportional to the collision frequency, while the classical form is directly proportional, and is a random-walk process. A semi-empirical formula can be used to describe the Bohn version, while classical cases are governed by Fick's laws and Graham's law. FTP, what is this process in which gases mix due to the random motions of their molecules",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-55d7847a2322459bb8bc1426c1240498",
            "input": "This politician was embarrassed when his government's legal campaign against Hardy, Tooke, and Thelwall ended with the complete exoneration of those men. During one of his ministries, this man supported the impeachment of Warren Hastings, the Governor General of Bengal, and after the conclusion of his first ministry, he held the position of Warden of the Cinque Ports. His government was able to achieve favorable terms from the Spanish after John Meares' ship was seized near Vancouver Island in the (*) Nootka Sound Controversy. This man served as the Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Shelburne under which he developed a rivalry with Charles James Fox. During his second and final ministry, he led Britain through the War of the Third Coalition and the Battle of Trafalgar. First assuming the office of Prime Minister despite being just 24 years old, FTP, identify this PM under George II, whose \"elder\" father of the same name, a Duke of Chatham, was known as the Great Commoner.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d14bdab5f7a42e4ba2b9f683494fb5e",
            "input": "Fergus Mac Roich owned one named Caladbolg, which was used to destroy three hills while fighting against Conchobar Mac Nessa. In Norse mythology, a cursed one called Tyrfing was created by Dvalin and Durin, and the river Gjoll contains several of these objects. The fragments of another one were eaten by Amaterasu in a contest with Susanowoo, who extracted another one from the severed neck of Orochi. In Greek legend, after switching places with Dionysius II for a day, Damocles saw one hanging from a thread in front of him. FTP, name this type of weapon, examples of which include the aforementioned Kusanagi, Beowolfs Hrunting, Rolands Durandal, and King Arthurs Excalibur.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd0efcc38d2a4b119c844e0260bfe136",
            "input": "The posthumous edition of this work included a poem dedicated to Theodore de Banville. One poem in this collection demonstrates synaesthesia by comparing perfumes to the sound of oboes. That poem, \"\"Correspondences,\"\" appears in the same section as \"\"The Sick Muse\"\" and \"\"The Albatross. \"\" It includes sections entitled \"\"Wine,\"\" \"\"Revolt,\"\" and \"\"Death,\"\" as well as (*) \"\"Spleen and Ideal. \"\" The preface to this work addresses the reader as \"\"Hypocrite reader, my likeness, my brother! \"\" For 10 points, name this poetry collection by Charles Baudelaire.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-308b147dc32542c2ae359f0fde4eb666",
            "input": "In one work, this author laments that the subject must now \"play the straight man for a term And tolerate the humor of the worm\", and in another compared herself to a loaf of bread, a purse, a cow, and a walking watermelon. That work, Metaphors, was \"a riddle in nine syllables. \"\" The speaker declares \"\"I shall never get you put together entirely\"\" of the title entity in The (*) Colossus and warns \"\"Herr God, Herr Lucifer Beware Beware\"\" in another poem. In a more famous poem, the speaker says of the title character \"\"Every woman adores a Fascist,\"\" while in her most famous work the tubercular Buddy breaks up with Esther, who tried to commit suicide several times. For ten points, name this American poet of Daddy the author of The Bell Jar.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4ae79bdf6eb44bfbfda86f93b8bd0d7",
            "input": "Ernest Bloch wrote two quintets for this instrument with a string quartet that have been performed by Piers Lane. This is the lead instrument in the only completed concerto by Edvard Grieg. All of the concerti written by Sergei Rachmaninoff are for this, and it is the lead instrument in his Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini. Alexander Scriabin published ten sonatas for this instrument, several of which were performed by Vladimir Horowitz. This is also the lead instrument in Beethoven's Emperor Concerto, one of the many pieces famously played by Van Cliburn. Name this instrument that produces a sound when its strings are struck by a hammer following the pressing of one of its 88 keys.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-906b7a634e5648a6bd26aa241a9ea08d",
            "input": "In one moment from this play a woman relates how she put a sack over the head of an elderly woman to prevent her from screaming to beg someone to feed her dishwater and dog meat. At the end of the third act a woman enters cradling a lamb that she claims is her baby. One character relates how she used a pestle to crush the birds belonging to her husband Evaristo the Short-Tailed, while another character tells the story of Librada's daughter who was dragged to the olive grove to be tortured to death after dogs uncover the corpse of her illegitimate baby. In this play's third act, the grandmother Maria Josefa uses the nickname \"hyena-face\" for Martirio, who earlier steals the portrait of Angustias' fiance. The maid La Poncia discovers Adela has hanged herself in her room after the title character shoots her pistol to scare away Pepe el Romano from the title residence. For 10 points, name this play about a domineering matriarch, written by Federico Garcia-Lorca.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84113249bc4747f2b29a42b9204ca440",
            "input": "One of his solo compositions closes with an \"obligatory cadenza\" which mostly consists of huge F major chords. He composed the score to a ballet in which he appears in a short film played between the two acts, designed in collaboration with Francis Picabia. This composer of Relache also wrote the \"symphonic drama\" Socrate, and a set of piano pieces in which the performer is instructed to \"arm yourself with clairvoyance.\" He composed (*) Truly Flabby Preludes for a dog, as well as a piece which depicts sea cucumbers and crustaceans. He also wrote three piano pieces inspired by Flaubert's Salammbo and by the festivals of ancient Greece. For 10 points, name this mentor of Les Six, an eccentric Frenchman who composed the Gnossienes, Desiccated Embryos, and three Gymnopedies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-df2784f9035a4c6087046e6079177c9a",
            "input": "One character in this work tells the story of \"The Snake and the Fox,\" which an aside notes is not included in Nicholas Bataille's production. One of the main characters notes that Dr. Mackenzie-King had his own liver operated on before performing a similar procedure on Parker, to which her husband responds \"All doctors are quacks, only the Royal Navy is honest in England. \" Toward the end, Francois Coppee and Sully Prudhomme are called \"silly gobble gobblers,\" after which Mrs. Smith yells \"Krishnamurti! \" three times and imitates a train. The only real event in the play is the arrival of the fire chief who, on his way out, mentions the title character, a woman who \"always wears her hair in the same style. \" FTP, name this absurdist play by Eugene Ionesco.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2753dd3dd64e49e6a992b507c09e98df",
            "input": "In the presence of this compound, Nessler's reagent turns yellow. A solution of sodium in this compound is used in the Birch reduction. Its liquid form notably has a specific heat capacity higher than that of water. The reaction used to synthesize it most commonly employs an iron catalyst. It is oxidated in the Ostwald process for producing nitric acid, and this compound itself is produced by the Haber-Bosch process. For 10 points, name this trigonal pyramidal compound with formula NH3.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f81e6edcf13649b2875ea1ba972b9ee2",
            "input": "In one of this writers short stories, Bamjees wife has nine children and manages to be a political activist, while in another story, Miriam Saiyetovitz is the daughter of a Jewish general store owner. In addition to A Chip of Glass Ruby and The Defeated, this author wrote a novel in which the lives of Helen Shaw and Joel Aron are contrasted against Pauls. This author of A World of Strangers and The Lying Days also wrote a novel in which Mehring has to spend New Years Eve alone on his farm, while Jacobus asks black workers to make a coffin. This author further wrote a novel about Rosa, whose father Lionel doesnt want her to leave South Africa, and one in which the title servant helps Maureen Smalless leave. For ten points, identify this author of The Conservationist, The Burgers Daughter, and Julys People.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f1795d27b5e48e09e7b6fa890c5c7c1",
            "input": "This composer's only surviving oratorio, commissioned by the Pieta, is about a Jewish widow who beheads the leader of an Assyrian army. This composer of Juditha triumphans wrote a collection of twelve violin concerti   later reworked by Bach, his L'Estro Armonico. One section of a violin concerto this composer included in his The Contest Between Harmony and Invention depicts thunder and lightning while another concerto depicts birds chirping during spring. For 10 points, name this Baroque Venetian composer known as the \"Red Priest\" who composed The Four Seasons.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac5ab95e34b44d3284fc4287ee56d0eb",
            "input": "One character in this novel keeps a schedule in a copy of Hopalong Cassidy and knows a man who wears cufflinks made from molars. Owl-Eyes is the only guest at a funeral for an apprentice of Dan Cody in this novel. \"The boarder,\" Klipspringer, plays piano after one character in this novel cries over a pile of shirts. The Valley of [*] Ashes is watched by the Eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckelburg in this novel which includes a green light at the end of a dock. The narrator of this novel moves back to the Midwest after dating Jordan Baker. Daisy Buchanan runs over Myrtle Wilson in, for 10 points, what novel featuring Nick Carraway and set in West Egg by F. Scott Fitzgerald",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2efb07ed74894fbfa31bd7c2f4a61e44",
            "input": "One task required for this being and his wife, the daughter of Nep, was accomplished by Hyrrokin, who went to his home at Breidablik to launch Ringhorn. A second task undertaken on his behalf was accomplished by Rinds son after an observation for this being was performed by everyone but Thkk, who made Hermods quest moot by refusing to weep. This god became a target for archery practice after his mother, Frigg, extracted a promise not to harm him from everything in the universe except for a small tree. For ten points, name this beautiful Norse god who was killed by a mistletoe dart.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca36682083954965b069aee9ba74cfc6",
            "input": "This organ produces a tetrapeptide, which bonds to macrophage receptors, and is known as tuftsin. The sinusoids of one portion of this organ contain blood and a reserve of monocytes which can be utilized in the case of hemorrhagic shock. The other major portion of this organ contains Malphigian corpsules and synthesizes antibodies. Located in the abdominal region and consisting of red and white pulp, for 10 points, name this organ part of the lymphatic system that helps to filter and clean the blood.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9ba53ab9b5b45d2b4bfe488bcd35d43",
            "input": "This composer used the Kyrie and Benedictus from one of his masses in a symphony in which trumpet triplets close the first movement. This composer's seventh symphony contains a simultaneous cymbal clash and triangle roll at the climax of the second movement, the only appearance of either instrument in the score. His Mass in E minor contains a theme that would later be reiterated in his eighth symphony, where it would be associated with (*) Deutscher Michel. This composer's second symphony is nicknamed the \"Symphony of Pauses,\" and a duplet paired with a triplet constitutes his namesake \"rhythm.\" For 10 points, name this Wagner fan and Austrian composer, whose fourth symphony is known as the \"Romantic.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b9ef714932940e1baaea0e609048fde",
            "input": "This compound converts oleic acid into azelaic acid, and its attacks on double bonds in polymers leads to namesake \"cracking\" of materials like rubber. This compound is produced in the Chapman cycle, and its concentrations are measured in Dobson units. The Greek origin of its name reflects the fact that it is produced in(*) lightning storms. Chlorofluorocarbons have caused atmospheric levels of this compound to drop, creating a hole over the Antarctic. For 10 points, name this triatomic oxygen compound that forms a layer which absorbs ultraviolet radiation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8be43cfb2e284c25bf004042c618269b",
            "input": "[AR] Deng Wenyi's biography of this man suggests that he was responsible for assassinating the leader of the Restoration Society, Tao Chengzhang, inside Guangci Hospital on the orders of Chen Qimei. He returned to China after hearing of the Wuchang Uprising after his time at Zhenwu Military Academy in Japan. After the death of the leader of the organization, this man is most associated with, he engaged in a noted polemic with his eventually ostracized rival Wang Jingwei, who established Japanese collaborationist government at Nanjing. He met with Churchill and Roosevelt in 1943, and helped to draft the Cairo Declaration. Earlier, after encircling the Communists at Jiangxi he allowed Mao Zedong to escape via the Long March to Shaanxi. Eventually forced to escape to Taiwan in 1949 by the Communists, for 10 points, name this General of the Republic of China who took over control of the Kuomintang after the death of Sun Yat-Sen in 1925.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-475b7b477b184b4fb464bd29932246a3",
            "input": "He wrote an economic history of Roman agrarian society and a tract on the dual roles of idealism and materialism in Economy and Society. His vershtehen doctrine said that researchers must interpret people's actions using \"ideal types\" to understand social and economic phenomena, and his dabblings in positivism signaled his split from Gustav von Schmoller. He also studied the workings of bureaucracy and gave the Freiburg Address. His trademark work describes how Calvinist values, especially dedicating oneself to his duties, resulted in greater economic productivity. FTP name this author of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8daa164d4da74643b778695ab0ccb369",
            "input": "A prophecy declared that this city would be safe if the king's son Menoeceus sacrificed himself. The walls of this city were built by a man who used a lyre to lift rocks, Amphion, and his brother Zethus. Adrastus was the leader of a group that attacked the gates of this city, and though they were defeated, the Epigoni's sack of it caused the death of a blind prophet who spent seven years as a woman. A king of this city was killed by the father of (*) Eteocles and Polynices; the son of that king, Laius, married his mother Jocasta. For ten points, name this Boeotian city founded by Cadmus that was home to Tiresias and Oedipus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3276af4643184a07ad01c6c5d03b2047",
            "input": "In one painting in this style, two angry fish on leads pull the boat of the title nymph; that painting is The Triumph of Galatea by Jean-Baptiste van Loo. A painter contemporaneous with this style whose works opposed it painted Grace at Table and The Ray. An artist working in this style painted Storming the Citadel, The Pursuit, and The Lover Crowned as part of his Progress of Love series. Another artist associated with this style requested that an art dealer allow him to paint (*) Gersaint's Shopsign and invented the fete galante genre. A third painter working in this style painted a work in which a statue of Cupid holds his finger to his mouth while a young man looks up a woman's dress. For 10 points, name this artistic style exemplified in Watteau's Embarkation for Cythera and Fragonard's The Swing, which followed the Baroque.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5484617dbfca463bb517b9b2a51cb733",
            "input": "His first published work was a poem that begins by exhorting Hercules to Fall...from Heaven, in tempests hurld and goes on to describe how the speakers miseries ever murmur. He invoked Botticellis painting in another poem in the structure of Ficino that describes a garden tryst. In addition to The Shadow of Night and Ovids Banquet of Sense, he wrote a play in which the protagonist is caught up in the intrigues of Baligny, and the title characters ghost childes his brother Clermont to revenge him. He was thrown in jail after collaborating with John Martson and Ben Jonson on a Scotsman-bashing play about the goldsmith Touchstone. In another play, the Tamyra betrays the Count of Montsurry to have an affair with the title character, a brash courtesan of Henry III. For 10 points, name this British dude who wrote Eastward Ho! and Bussy DAmbois, and who got his Homer looked into by John Keats.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5921c91b007e4a9b939adc535a980d36",
            "input": "Near the end of the Iliad, Achilles compared Priam to this character. Her sister-in-law Aedons envy accidentally caused the death of Aedons son Itylus, who turned into a nightingale. One of the daughters of this wife of Amphion and daughter of Tantalus changed her name from Meliboea to Chloris, meaning the pale one. She was probably pale after witnessing the wrath of the gods on behalf of Leto, who punished this woman for claiming superiority based on number of offspring. For 10 points, Apollo and Artemis killed most or all of the children of what woman of Greek mythology, who turned to stone as she wept",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-792cb3c34e7545a2a5a290ed5fecba53",
            "input": "His relief \"The Feast of Herod\" graces the front of the baptismal font in the Siena Cathedral. He embedded pieces of colored glass in marble to create his unique Canteria, or \"Singing Gallery,\" for the Florence Cathedral. According to Vasari, he could be observed repeatedly muttering, \"Speak, damn you; speak! \" while creating his sculpture of the prophet Habbakuk whose bald head has led it to be nicknamed the Zuccone. FTP, who was this great Early Renaissance sculptor who created the equestrian statue Gattemalata and the bronze David",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06c6e54a229d49e8b3d14e69a2b3d353",
            "input": "In response to T.S. Eliots complaint that its final couplet is a serious blemish on a beautiful poem, Cleanth Brooks compares it to Lears Ripeness is all and claims it works in dramatic context. Its first stanza ends with six questions, including What mad pursuit What struggles to escape and later wonders What little town or river by seashore is emptied by its central scene. That scene includes a happy melodist whose soft pipes are told to play on, and it is depicted by a Sylvan historian whose Cold Pastoral finally tells the speaker that all he can, or need, know is that Beauty is truth, truth beauty. FTP, name this poem about an Athenian pot, by John Keats.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-378c89e3e0e64ab18b572e99404be514",
            "input": "One of this man's operas ends in the Louisiana desert as a woman dies in the arms of her lover, the Chevalier des Grieux (shev-AHL-ee-ey day GROO). In addition to Manon Lescaut, (les-COW) this man also composed an opera about two men competing for the love of Minnie, entitled The Girl of the Golden West. Another of his works ends with Cio-Cio San (cho-cho san) stabbing herself with a sword. The seamstress Mimi dies in the presence of poor students in another work by him. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of Madama Butterfly and La Boheme.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-165f2adb840a4970ab83b5fee6d816fd",
            "input": "This figure was worshiped on the Island of Philae. In depictions, a throne symbol often lies atop this deity's head. This deity created a snake out of the earth and had it bite Ra so that Ra would give up his True Name. After a long search, this deity found a box hidden in a tamarisk tree. This goddess reassembled the fourteen (*) pieces of her husband and gave birth to Horus, in order that he would defeat Set. For 10 points, name this Egyptian goddess, the wife and sister of Osiris.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b49bc0339dbd4d9a884f7b05f6393347",
            "input": "It notes that letters of pardon issued by one of its signatories have been given to such men as Father Pandulf and Henry, archbishop of Dublin. One section promises to return his sisters to Alexander, king of the Scots, while another promises to remove from their bailiwicks such men as Gerard of Athee and Engelard of Cigogne. Its 14th and 61st clauses led to the creation of the Great Council, and it was signed a year after the battle of Bouvines, at which Norman lands belonging to a number of the signatories were lost. FTP, name this agreement whose renunciation led to the First Barons' War, which was signed in 1215 at Runnymede by King John.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8c8b192d43a54979b9a92e76a1cd08ab",
            "input": "This country is home to a city that was built by such kings as Anawratha and Kyanzittha. It owns such as islands as Ramree, Preparis, and Cheduba, and the city of Sagaing is near the point at which the Chindwin branches off from this countrys longest river. Indented by the Gulf of Martaban, its Shan province is home to the Salween River, and the capital lies on the Sittang River and was renamed Naypyidaw after it was decided that the former capital, site of the Shwedagon Pagoda, was too susceptible to American naval invasion. For 10 points each, name this country, the site of cities such as Mandalay and Yangon, or Rangoon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bd6f3709485341d48ce7bed11be8924a",
            "input": "One leader of this country undermined his own authority when he told James Creelman in an interview that he would retire and let someone new become leader. One revolution in this country was started by the ringing of bells in a church in Dolores by a Catholic priest. One of this country's presidents was forced to leave the capital until the capture and execution of the (*) French puppet ruler Maximilian. For 10 points, name this country whose 1810 revolution was led by Miguel Hidalgo and whose leaders have included Porfirio Diaz and Benito Juarez.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89a936ecd4894850851bf08c119ff5ba",
            "input": "This man included \"Miscellaneous Observations on the Tragedy of Macbeth\" in his edition of The Plays of William Shakespeare. He imitated a work of Juvenal in \"The Vanity of Human Wishes.\" He included his biography of Richard Savage with biographies of writers such as Milton and Pope in The Lives of the Poets. James Boswell wrote a biography of this lexicographer. For 10 points, name this author of A Dictionary of the English Language.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb8e6fcd38834262832fefa337c89492",
            "input": "In Chapter 20 of this book, the narrator removes his sandals and sackcloth \"as a sign of portent against Egypt and Cush. \" In Chapter 23, the narrator compares the city of Tyre to a forgotten prostitute, while the book moves on to prophesy Hezekiah's defeat of Sennacherib and the end of the Babylonian captivity. Chapter 9 verse 6, which appears in Handel's Messiah, prophesies the birth of a child of the line of David who will be called \"Everlasting Father\" and \"Prince of Peace. \" FTP, name this book of the Bible, a work in 66 chapters which was written by the first of the Major Prophets.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3cc1a8a11789473aa84dd21244b911d5",
            "input": "Consolidation of its eastern lands was aided by the complacency of the rlssi class and by the archbishop Maunu Tavast. The inability of its miners to trade iron during wartime led to the Engelbrekt Rebellion, after which Christopher of Bavaria unseated its first ruler. Instituted for Albert of Mecklenburg's failure to pay 60,000 silver marks, its strongest king was Eric of Pomerania, but it ended after a series of executions in Stortorget Square, known as the Stockholm Bloodbath, led to greater national feelings. FTP, name this entity created by a 1397 declaration in which Margaret I united Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec375490874b41eb9070c128512a9fc9",
            "input": "Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Works studies employed the clinical methodology of this man, whose disciple Robbie Case theorized executive control structures. This thinker created the theory of \"genetic epistemology\" and theorized that people understand the world through schemata. He also devised an experiment asking subjects to identify the water levels of two beakers and described a phenomenon in which something that has disappeared from view is believed not to exist, leading to his coining of the term \"object permanence.\" For 10 points, name this Swiss psychologist who included the sensorimotor stage in his four-stage process of cognitive development in children.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e77a6b658d4445f0879d15a810d37f3d",
            "input": "Hephaestus was awarded the hand of Aphrodite after he released this deity from a magical throne he himself had made. Cydippe's children were allowed to die in their sleep as a result of serving this deity, who, according to one story, blinded Tiresias for saying women felt more pleasure during sex. Responsible for turning Callisto into a bear, this deity become Semele's nurse and convinced the princess to have her lover show himself in his \"full glory. \" This goddess sent two serpents to kill an infant Heracles, offered Paris unlimited power and fame to be chosen most beautiful, and sent a gadfly after Io for eloping with her husband. The mother of Hephaestus, this is, FTP, which Greek goddess of marriage who was married to Zeus",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81bad3f615a047ceb1017be2ff2ddf9b",
            "input": "He wrote strongly pro-Union articles on the Civil War for the Vienna Presse, and edited the Rheinische Zeitung until that paper was shut down by the Prussian government. This author of the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts criticized the line Labor is the source of all wealth and all culture from the founding document of the Social Democratic Party. Along with Grundrisse and Critique of the Gotha Programme, this former Young Hegelian criticized Proudhon in The Poverty of Philosophy, and developed the labor theory of value as well as the concepts of commodity fetishism and surplus value. FTP, name this theoretician whose historical materialism is best expressed in Das Kapital, who along with Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-348e56f282aa497386e0b6a5b7fe87b0",
            "input": "In some species, these bodies may be surrounded by segrosomes, and a convenient method of creating them is the LR/BP clonase gateway system. Some contain an addiction mechanism via the Hok/Sok factors, while another set are referred to as col. Alkaline lysis followed by column fractionation is one method of isolating them, while they may be introduced via cesium chloride, electroporation, or heat shock. Synthetic ones often contain a polylinker region and are extracted via the miniprep, and they were originally discovered by Joshua Lederberg in his studies of conjugation. Including the F-factor and R-factor, FTP, name these short, circular, extrachromosomal segments of DNA found in bacteria.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28188f4fe0f941aa9ffbe22b777cd27b",
            "input": "This fanatical admirer of the German Romantic Jean Paul founded a society of friends known as \"David's Band,\" and wrote a series of dances for piano named after him. Grieg's Piano Concerto is largely derived from an A minor concerto by this German, whose choral works include Requiem for Mignon. Better known are his Kreisleriana and his Kinderscenen, or Scenes from Childhood. FTP, name this composer of four symphonies, of which the first is called \"Spring\" and the fourth the \"Rhenish. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce16e14de61243658aa6b8f9558b1175",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel invokes God by saying \"Tixo, tixo, forsake me not.\" That protagonist meets a woman pregnant with his son's child when he visits Shanty Town in this novel, which opens with the description of a (*) \"lovely road\" to Ixopo. Characters who help the protagonist include the landlady Mrs. Lithebe and the priest Theophilus Msimangu. The protagonist of this novel tries to find his sick sister Gertrude in Johannesburg, where he discovers that his son Absalom has murdered Arthur Jarvis. For 10 points, name this novel about Stephen Kumalo by Alan Paton.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9501ed8516cb4938866e12b7745e17b6",
            "input": "He discussed the regressive/progressive method of historical analysis in an essay that became the introduction to a work that developed a theory of practical ensembles and juxtaposed the practico-inert and praxis. In addition to The Problem of Method and his Critique of Dialectical Reason, he published a lecture that led Heidegger, in the Letter on Humanism, to critique some of this mans views, including his statement that existence precedes essence. In another of his works, he used the the example of a woman on a first date whose companion takes her hand to illustrate his concept of bad faith. For 10 points, name this French philosopher of Existentialism is a Humanism and a work subtitled An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology, Being and Nothingness.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af141c6a92db4eaea23369095cd889b1",
            "input": "The title character of this play asserts she wants one character to return with \"vine-leaves in his hair\" before threatening to burn another woman's hair off. One character buys a villa that once belonged to the Cabinet Member, Secretary Falk, with his Aunt Juliana's help, and he spends his honeymoon researching the domestic handicrafts of Brabant. Thea Elvsted plans to reconstruct a manuscript that was burned by the title character, who is later blackmailed by Judge Brack, who knows she loaned one of her father's pistols to Eilert Lovberg. For 10 points, the wife of George Tasman achieves a \"beautiful death\" by committing suicide in this play by Henrik Ibsen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af659e7222c34a20a894e5ddcd5438ff",
            "input": "Part of this structure is absent in a syndrome that can cause mega cisterna magna, and which is named for Dandy and Walker. This structure contains the fastigial, globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei, which are collectively called its namesake \"deep nuclei\" and are located in the arbor vitae. Marr and Albus proposed theories of this structure's function. This structure includes a narrow medial tissue called its namesake vermis. Inputs in this structure diverge to stimulate a huge number of namesake granule cells, then converge to stimulate a much smaller number of Purkinje cells, which are among the largest neurons. For 10 points, name this portion of the brain involved in balance and motor skills, which is located under the cerebrum.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b72edf7ddf2a48aa9d8f66db7e2a06e5",
            "input": "This work discusses a place \"where you will split the heavens of Long Island and resurrect your living human Jesus from the superhuman tomb\" and \"where you bang on the catatonic piano the soul is innocent and immortal it should never die ungodly in an armed madhouse\". The second section of this work begins with the line, \"What sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open their skulls and ate up their brains and imagination\" and discusses \"Moloch whose mind is pure machinery! \" This work also contains a description of a group \"who bared their souls to Heaven under the El and saw Mohammedan angels staggering on tenement roofs illuminated\". For ten points, name this work, whose first section discusses \"the best minds of my generation\", a poem by Allen Ginsberg.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d84ba1900a4344c7aae0fec0aa194f21",
            "input": "One character in this work drinks Coca-Cola from a paper sack that most of the townspeople believe contains alcohol, while another, Mrs. Dubose, breaks a morphine habit and dies in pain rather than addicted. A blanket mysteriously appears over the shoulders of one of its characters when Miss Maudie Atkinson's house burns down, and an unruly mob breaks up after Walter Cunningham's father becomes embarrassed. A legal defense in this novel hinges on the defendant's withered left arm, but Tom Robinson is still convicted of raping Mayella Ewell and dies trying to escape prison. FTP, name this work that features Jem, Scout, and Atticus Finch, a novel by Harper Lee.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d1d485bcace47b59d0f8d64cbf54787",
            "input": "In his opinion on a case from this state, Justice Powell cited a lack of evidence that suggested asymmetric punishment for African-American murderers in McLeskey vs. Kemp. This state's attempt to extend capital punishment to rapists was thwarted in Coker. A 1972 case from here ruled the death penalty cruel and unusual, an opinion that was overturned by a case in this state. Tom C. Clark wrote the majority opinion of a court case that began in this state, writing that Congress could prohibit (*) racial discrimination in certain public places under the commerce clause. The Furman and Gregg cases occurred in this state, where New Echota postmaster Samuel Worcester opposed Indian Removal. For 10 points, name this state, of origin of the Heart of Atlanta Motel case.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-719f3fcad219409eb1080710572d0d83",
            "input": "In this novel, a small cottage temporarily inhabited by a man with a large Newfoundland puppy and two or three terriers, was pronounced as having the most comfortable room in the world in the mind of the narrator. Minor characters include Eleanor, who marries a rich viscount, and Isabella, who spurns the protagonists brother John for Frederick. The protagonist, a resident of Fullerton obsessed with The Mysteries of Udolpho, suspects General Tilney of killing his wife, and he throws her out of the titular estate when he finds out shes poor, despite the objections of his son Henry. For 10 points, name this novel about Cathrene Morland by Jane Austen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8024794fc3e645a9bf07efb2d837131f",
            "input": "In Schwarzchild space, the Fokker-deSitter type of this behavior can occur, while in Kerr space an additional type of this behavior named for Schiff may occur. The Rashba effect causes one type of this phenomenon in spin, and another variety of it corrects for time dilation between electrons and the atomic nucleus and is named after Thomas. One type of this phenomenon is exploited in NMR spectroscopy and occurs when an external field is applied to magnetic moments, called the Larmor type. Irregularities in axial motion due to it are called nutation, and it is commonly demonstrated in gyroscopes. For 10 points, name this physical phenomenon in which the rotational axis of a body changes direction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93cdb22541de4e25b41744671c25bb7f",
            "input": "Male and Female, one of this artists earliest works, may have been influenced by David Alfaro Siquieros, while his 1943 work The She-Wolf may have been influenced by Jungian psychology. One of his most famous works was done on an eight-foot by four-foot piece of fiberboard and prominently features layered yellow and brown streaks of paint. His 1952 painting Blue Poles and the aforementioned No. 5 both illustrate his technique of dripping paint directly onto his paintings. For 10 points, name this abstract expressionist who pioneered the technique of action painting.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30d2aa108023474fbf42a68c17332c2f",
            "input": "One of the most important holy sites for this group is the tomb of Nebi Shu'eib, or Jethro, and their other prophets include Sabalan and Al-Ya'afuri. They regard the calf as a symbol of negative forces, and call their theology hikma. Their secular juhal members are not granted access to holy books, a privilege reserved for the uqqal, and their emblem represents the 'superior ministers' as a five-colored star. Founded by Al-Hakim and based on seven central principles, FTP, identify this religious sect primarily concentrated in Israel, Lebanon, and Syria, an offshoot of Ismaili Islam whose members refer to themselves as muwahudeen.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f63ac590136446bcab08a005d5c5dc56",
            "input": "One character in this opera announces his profession in the aria \"\"Der vogelfanger bin ich ja\"\" (DER FOH-gehl-FON-ger BIN ICK YAH) before having his mouth padlocked. The aria \"\"O Isis und Osiris\"\" is sung by Sarastro (sah-RAHSS-tro), whose servant Monostatos (mah-NO-stah-TOSSE) tries to take away the love interest of the protagonist. In this opera, (*) Tamino is asked by the Queen of the Night to find her daughter Pamina with the aid of the bird catcher Papageno (pa-pa-GAY-no) and the title instrument. For 10 points, name this opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4fd49400c26d4c949cb6efd7b9912f7d",
            "input": "He tried to escape Manasseh's wrath by hiding in a hollow tree, but the king had it sawed in two. His father Amoz was brother of King Amaziah, but he still took the side of the landless poor and said God would one day destroy the \"city of confusion\" that ruled the earth. FTP, identify this prophet and namesake of an Old Testament book who lived through Sennacherib's attack and heralded the coming of the Messiah.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a27833a760254a2b905e003121154307",
            "input": "Some speculation about the origins of this holiday derives from its mention in the Sanskrit play Ratnavali. In the area of Kumaon, this festival takes the form of a musical gathering. This holiday celebrates an incident in which Prahlada miraculously survived being burned on a pyre, while a demoness who was the sister of Hiranyakashipu was killed. This holiday's main day falls on a full moon, or purnima, during the month of Phalguna. On the eve of the main day of this festival, huge bonfires are lit and cakes made of cow dung are thrown into them. On the morning of this holiday, people frolic with cows to usher in spring. For 10 points, what is this Hindu festival that is highlighted by the throwing of colorful dyes",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c5b1be17f414c029983ea8f12aef769",
            "input": "Prior to this war, one side was engaged in the Uskok War, while the Treaty of Lubeck ended Danish involvement in this war. The (+) Bohemian Stage of this war was sparked by the Second Defenestration of Prague. In one battle, Swedish troops were rallied under Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar after a previous leader was killed, and that battle saw the defeat of the Catholics under (*) Wallenstein despite the death of Gustavus Adolphus, and was the Battle of Lutzen. The treaty that ended this war assured the recognition of the Peace of Augsburg. For 10 points, name this European religious war that was ended by the Peace of Westphalia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e9fc00321174fb8ba15f735c00b194e",
            "input": "Responding to \"Dover Beach,\" this author wrote \"There's keen delight in what we have: The rattle of pebbles on the shore under the receding wave\" in his poem \"The Nineteenth Century and After.\" This author wrote a series of poems about a woman whose \"breasts are flat and fallen now\" according to a Bishop encountered on the road who states that \"Love has pitched his mansion in/The place of excrement.\" This author of the (*) Crazy Jane poems described a group of animals that \"paddle in the cold\" in one poem, and stated that \"All changed, changed utterly/A terrible beauty is born\" in a poem about a political uprising. For 10 points, name this Irish poet of \"Easter 1916\" who declared \"This is no country for old men\" in \"Sailing to Byzantium.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed363f6fe2e047899be5e69962c72009",
            "input": "Early in his career he was forced to share power with John Carteret, but was eventually able to force his resignation. He spent time in jail for graft during a period of Tory ascendancy, but was most popular for his economic policies, including his establishment of the sinking fund to reduce the national debt, which he had also addressed with his resolution of the South Sea Bubble crisis. However, he was forced from office due to British failures in the early stages of the War of the Austrian Succession. FTP, who was this first official Prime Minister of Britain",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25dcbafe15b34f31899cd4b9b8992c99",
            "input": "The London and New York premieres of this opera featured the soprano Minnie Hauck playing the titular character, who sings the aria \"\"L'amour est un oiseau rebelle\"\" in act one. The line \"love awaits you\" ends the aria \"Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre,\" which is sung by Escamillo. The title character works at a cigarette factory and convinces the soldier (*) Don Jose to become a smuggler. The well-known Habanera and Toreador Song are included in, for 10 points, what Georges Bizet opera about the titular Spanish gypsy woman",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a1c227b3cec484e97607dfb89d6c315",
            "input": "A pupil of Parry and Stanford at the Royal College of Music, some of this composers first successes were the tone poem In the Fen Country, and incidental music for Aristophanes The Wasps. This man composed a notable Te Deum, and he composed a ballet based on Old King Cole. This composer of a small eighth symphony went on to composed a deeper ninth in E Minor that concluded his career. This man also wrote the score for the movie Scott of the Antarctic, which was later transformed into his seventh symphony, Sinfonia Antartica. For ten points, name this English composer of A London Symphony and Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe2bd388f81c417080b0b27864a85793",
            "input": "Despite his numerous successes, this man incorrectly calculated the age of the earth to be 100 million years using geophysical means, for he didn't know about radioactivity. He became wealthy through his invention of a receiver for the submarine telegraph. Along with a famous friend, he discovered that when a gas is allowed to expand without performing external work, the temperature of that gas falls. After his ennoblement, he would gain the barony of Largs. FTP, name this man, who collaborated with James Prescott Joule, best remembered for formulating the absolute scale of temperature that bears his name.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-011ce3dcc8b94d1d890eb9f06534c2ff",
            "input": "Highly influenced by and revised due to Wilhelm Stekel, much of its discussion surrounds an incident known as Irmas injection. Arguing that the title phenomena take place in stages of condensation, displacement, and finally secondary revision, it also seeks to differentiate between latent and manifest content, arguing that the preconscious suppresses the wish fulfillment from making its way to the conscious mind before waking up. For ten points, name this seminal 1900 work on analyzing reverie, written by Sigmund Freud.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d896603b97c7408a90e7e23f3fc84ce5",
            "input": "Some of the last areas to join this group were admitted via the Convention of Gastein, and the Heppenheim program and the Vormarz movements attempted to democratize this organization. Governed by a (*) Bundesrat, it implemented the ideas of Friedrich List. Members adopted the metric system and the Vereinsthaler currency. For 10 points, name this economic union, a precursor to German unification.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe47236a09d541daa7969953fd6cc3fb",
            "input": "The rate at which the operation implied by this statement occurs is given by the Berry-Esseen theorem. Paul Levy proved a version of this statement using the technique of characteristic functions borrowed from Poincare, while various local proofs of it were given by Richard von Mises. A version of this statement is named after Lyapunov and requires the satisfaction of his namesake conditions, while a weaker condition than Lyapunov's is due to Lindeberg. The Edgeworth expansion was developed as an improvement of this statement, the proof of which is similar to the proof of the law of large numbers. For ten points, identify this theorem which holds that the distribution of the average of a set of arbitrarily distributed variables converges to the normal distribution. \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8b57a8fc4c840fd8f9e4bf6e49b812b",
            "input": "Military conflicts in this state include the Tuscarora War, squelched by Governor Edward Hyde, and the Regulator Movement, in which the title dissidents dragged state officials through the then-capital of Hillsborough. The western portion of what is now this state, when led by John Sevier and named Franklin, received seven votes for admission at the Continental Congress, while its central \"Piedmont\" region saw the first sit-ins of the civil rights movement at a Woolworth's in Greensboro, and its locale of Kill Devil Hills was the site of the Wright Brothers' first successful heavier-than-air flight. For 10 points, name this state with capital at Raleigh.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-983bc8dcbc134dd5907e9d123e151f45",
            "input": "These compounds are described using the  E-Z [E dash Z] notation when they occur across alkenes, and a more generalized version of that notation is the cis-trans notation. Both of those are examples of diastereomers [di-uh-stereo-mers], and examples of these include cyclohexane and hexene. Differing bonding patterns make up structural ones of these compounds. When these compounds are mirror images of each other, they are referred to as enantiomers [en-anti-omers]. For 10 points, name these compounds that have varying chemical structures despite having the same chemical formula.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69fda09ca6e049b78e40bf0aeeccb10c",
            "input": "This man's group of buildings in the Florida Southern College is called the Child of the Sun. He designed the lily pad columns in the Johnson Wax Headquarters, and described his Usonian homes in An Autobiography. The Great Kanto Earthquake in Tokyo was survived by his Imperial Hotel. This man built a three-winged summer house in Wisconsin, and his most famous building features a stream running through it. For 10 points, name this leader of the Prairie School movement who designed the Robie House and Fallingwater.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2f54c7db12c4fb7891621f1a1bedbf3",
            "input": "The groundwork for this battle was laid by a successful surprise attack during the siege of Utica. The Roman force arranged itself in columns with hastati in front, separated by velites. Laelius' cavalry quickly succeed on the Roman left in this battle whose site Livy identified as Naraggara. Nevertheless, a timely maneuver by the Numidian cavalry under Masinissa allowed the Romans to outflank and destroy the Carthaginians in - for 10 points - what 202 BCE battle in which Scipio Africanus neutralized Hannibal's war elephants, deciding the Second Punic War",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-48162d46c72a4c9ab102a86f730947b2",
            "input": "This poet of the collection Deaths and Entrances wrote that \"time held me green and dying / though I sang in my chains like the sea\" in \"Fern Hill.\" He depicted the inhabitants of Llareggub in the \"play for voices\" Under Milk Wood, and eulogized his father in a (*) villanelle which claimed, \"Old age should burn and rave at close of day.\" For 10 points, name this Welsh poet who wrote \"Rage, rage against the dying of the light\" in \"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18da6ef6d8274ec7bb1620a1ae2b1b9e",
            "input": "He wrote about the imagination in Art and Experience, and although he was a philosopher by trade his argument for the importance of \"the reflex arc\" precipitated behaviorist psychology. Rejecting the idea of an absolute mind he argued that nature encountered in ordinary experience the ultimate reality. This instrumentalist view of knowledge, as he called it can be seen in works like Studies in Logical Theory, and even his later work on schooling like The Child and Curriculum and The School and Society. FTP, name this man often classed with the pragmatists who first suggested education was a process of acculturation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cbd9749f0f9547a88d28e491e232e9c5",
            "input": "It became popular due to an engraving by Nicholas de Launay. This work was originally commissioned from Gabriel-Francois Doyen, who suggested the addition of cupids but ended up refusing to paint it. The original was to have included a bishop, but that was changed to a generic old man in the final version. In the lower center, a statue depicts dolphins driven by cupids who pull the water-chariot of Venus. On the left, a young man lies luxuriously on a bush with his hat extended, staring upward at the erotic central scene. That central scene depicts the \"happy dangers\" of a certain object which contains the mistress of the Baron de Saint-Julien. A pink shoe flies through the sky toward a cupid as a woman reaches her apex in, FTP, what Rococo masterpiece by Jean-Honore Fragonard\t",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74a7850d30fc477bbd96f73462ff0f74",
            "input": "One section of this work describes Kant as \"the great Chinaman of Knigsberg,\" while another section in this work attacks Schopenhauer for assuming that the nature of the will is self-evident. The third section of this work, entitled the Essence of Religion, contains a discussion of sacrifice which envisions it as a ladder of increasing cruelty. One section in this work contrasts the way that actions were judged in pre-history, and argues that modern times harmfully judge based on intent, rather on action. Some aphorisms in this work concern the difference between men and women, but one in particular discusses eternal recurrence. For 10 points, identify this work subtitled Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future, which attempts to go past questions of morality and was written by Friedrich Netizche.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94d9ac96b8f1409fbe96f66ba8275660",
            "input": "One revolt against this man in Upper Germany led to the death of Marcus Aemelius Lepidus and was masterminded by Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Gaeticulus. This man gained popularity by ending the treason trials that his predecessor had implemented and giving out prizes to the crowds at public games. In order to prove the astrologer Trasyllus wrong, this man made a notable (*) trip from Baiae to Puteoli. This husband of Caesonia executed Marcus Junius Silanus as well as the praetorian guard, Macro, who had earlier helped this man to consolidate his power. This son of Agrippina the Elder and Germanicus spent much of his early life in military camps and crossed a pontoon bridge on the horse Incitatus, whom he would later elevate to Consul. For 10 points, name this successor of Tiberius, an incestuous and otherwise lascivious emperor whose name meant \"little boots.\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3777df87dc8c43a192deee917ce645d6",
            "input": "One religion originating in this country engages in the \"\"practice of the flame\"\" ritual and believes that this country is the last remaining part of the lost continent of Mu. Like the British Israelites, that group believes that the inhabitants of this country are in fact the lost tribe of Levi. Another group from this country promotes the \"\"Joyous Life\"\" ideal and is the largest religion ever founded by a woman. About twenty-five percent of this country follows the so-called \"new religions,\" one of which was led by a man who sold his own blood as a cure-all and orchestrated the use of umbrella-popped balloons to distribute sarin gas. This country's dominant religion has holy sites such as the Grand Shrine of Ise and the Golden Pavilion. For 10 points, identify this home of Tenrikyo, Aum Shinrikyo, and Shinto.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d6cceeac3804e74b187a6bf1ed41440",
            "input": "It extended a doctrine first mandated in Weeks v. U.S. The woman at the center of this case had a proclivity for dating light-heavyweight boxing champions, being the ex-wife of Jimmy Bivins and former girlfriend of Archie Moore. Justice Harlan delivered the dissenting opinion in this case, arguing against overturning Wolf v. Colorado, which had incorporated the Fourth Amendment without providing for an enforcement mechanism. FTP, name this 1961 case which ruled that the Fourth Amendment protection against \"unreasonable searches and seizures\" required the use at state levels of the exclusionary rule.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f71b747e24b1496eab033932065163bc",
            "input": "One composer from this country wrote a piece whose opening Intrada movement contains a pedal F sharp throughout; that work was a Concerto for Orchestra. Another composer from this country wrote a massive choral work that begins with an \"O Crux\" movement and utilizes the B-A-C-H motif. That composer of the St. Luke Passion also used the technique of tone clusters in a piece written for exactly (*) 52 strings, his Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima. A nineteenth century composer from this country included a B flat minor funeral march in his second piano sonata, and wrote many other piano works, such as his 57 mazurkas. For 10 points, name this home country of Witold Lutoslawski, Krzysztof Penderecki, and Frederic Chopin.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7de732d7096a4db282c0c5ce74039e46",
            "input": "Tension in the buildup to this even was caused by an expos about \"baby gangsters\" authored by Clem Peoples. A trial that helped to instigate this event saw the defendants represented by George Shibley. One of the causes of this event was the stabbing of Joe Dacy Coleman, whose death inspired a wave of violence facilitated by a convoy of hired taxicabs. Tensions before this event were high because of a murder case the year before in which six hundred youths were arrested and twenty-two indicted; the seventeen convicted later had those convictions overturned in a retrial of the case People v. Zammora, which was initially tried in the year before this event. Louie Encinas was probably the true perpetrator of the Sleepy Lagoon murder, which preceded this event in which hundreds of Navy sailors and Marines invaded a Los Angeles barrio looking for pachucos. For 10 points, name these riots of 1943 in which U. S. soldiers attacked Mexican-Americans wearing the titular type of clothing.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-042f0957543f473a9dcc466f470bbd3e",
            "input": "It was used in a polarizing sermon, and later a best-selling pamphlet, delivered in Bostons Second Baptist Church by John Allen. Daniel Pierce rallied the townsfolk to Sabins Tavern, where John Brown planned the event precipitated by Benjamin Lindseys captaining of the Hannah. Eight longboats with muffled oars were prepared used under cover of night and low tide. The best account of it comes from Ephraim Bowen, who also gave Jospeh Bucklin the gun Bucklin used to shoot Lieutenant Dudingston, whose ship had run aground in Namquid Point. The American captain, Abraham Whipple, capture the British sailors and destroyed the vessel in protest of anti-smuggling laws. FTP, name this event in which a British ship was set alight in Providence harbor in 1772.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-98a0ad3132794848bb25d838f236c72b",
            "input": "Surviving studies for the work show that two men, a student and a seated sailor, were originally meant to have been included in this painting. A thin strip of shades of brown appears on the left, but more disconcerting is the wedge of melon, bunch of grapes, and other pieces of fruit that are out of place at the bottom center. The final word in its title refers, surprisingly, to a red-light district in Barcelona whose prostitutes inspired this 1907 work. Often considered the earliest Cubist work, FTP, name this depiction of five female nudes and first masterpiece of Pablo Picasso.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19f46b50d25e41d0944c165330483859",
            "input": "One work by this man depicts a red bird drinking out of a bowl, which is titled Man Bull Bird. Another work by this man depicts two carriages and five horses performing the title action, while another shows an outline of the title animal using red arrows. This artist of Going West and The She-Wolf depicted an incomprehensible mix of black, white, and purple in his Lavender Mist. His No. 5 is currently the most expensive painting in the world. For 10 points, name this artist known for his style of abstract expressionism known as \"action painting.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44bf6661accb4c4b9bba423d1cc4e77c",
            "input": "A student of Johannes Muller, he began his career in the mid-nineteenth century, studying the connection between nerve fibers and cells and inventing the myograph to measure the speed of nerve impulses. His more lasting accomplishments were in the area of physics, where his work on magnetic fields and current led to Maxwell's development of the displacement current and he served as mentor to Planck. FTP, name this postulator of the electron and the conservation of energy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebae751511cb48979f8bf5a26e7091af",
            "input": "Its first Constitution prohibited lawyers, doctors, or clergymen from holding elected office, while tax collecting was banned for the first two years of its existence. Its militia fought an invading force at the Battle of Tiptons Farm, while John White attempted to ally it with Spain. It had a legally established barter economy, which meant that most of its elected officials were paid in deer hides, including John Seviers, its first Governors. Finally, Indian raids caused it to return to North Carolina, though it would eventually become part of Tennessee. For ten points, name this attempted US State named for a famous Pennsylvanian.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ff0497f15ec4b0780ff3b3d8a4a24ca",
            "input": "In one scene by this artist set in the countryside, a pig and a horse are seen grazing in the background as his wife wearing a blue shirt lies on the ground. In addition to The Poet Reclining, this artist depicted himself in a red jacket holding a wine glass sitting on his lover's shoulders in a double portrait. On the left of one painting, this artist included black-clad troops carrying weapons and a red flag. The right side of that painting shows a (*) Lithuanian flag behind a burning place of worship. This artist's portraits often included his wife Bella Rosenfeld, who was also born in Vitebsk. He included two upside down houses, a woman milking a goat, and large green face with white lips in his masterpiece. For 10 points, name this Belarusian artist of The White Crucifixion and I and the Village.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-36554833788c4e6f92023157ab193ea6",
            "input": "The length of the three axes of Poinsot's ellipsoid is equal to half of the three values obtained by diagonalizaing the tensor representing this quantity. Those three values, known as principle ones of these, also appear on the left hand side of the Euler equation. Two of the three principle ones are equal in the case of a symmetrical top, and all three are equal for a spherical top. The parallel axis theorem can be used to find one of these along a different axis, and in general, it is equal to the integral of the radius squared times the differential mass element. FTP what is this quantity, the rotational analog of mass",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4552484352154c12a823956de9e2b6e2",
            "input": "In this faith, the most advanced form of divination is known as Ifa, and involves throwing a small chain with eight pieces of shell or bone attached. A key ritual in this faith involves the possession of a devotee in a ceremony called a bembe, and priests in this religion are called babalawos. In this faith Oggun is linked with violence, force, and energy, while Olorum is considered the sky Father and wields power over all things white, and its spirits include Inle, and Obatala, collectively known as Orishas. Also known as \"Lukumi's Rule,\" FTP, name this Afro-Caribbean religion derived from the beliefs of the Yoruba people.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5b8bb0a575144fa8b7d155464f0b479",
            "input": "To set its goals, this meeting appointed a five-member committee, which included Nathan Dane and Chauncey Goodrich. Theodore Lyman wrote a short account of this meeting, which proposed a series of amendments, including one preventing presidents from being elected from the same state in successive terms. Its secretary was Timothy Dwight, and it was contemporaneous with Governor Caleb Strong's secret peace mission. George Cabot presided over this meeting, which was instigated by discontent with the Non-Intercourse Act and the War of 1812. For 10 points, name this 1814-1815 convention which ruined the Federalist Party, and discussed New England's secession from the United States.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-febf08e9af6541b7a8a37ebf269f5eb2",
            "input": "leader sponsored a trip by Gilberto Freyre that led to the publication of Adventures and Routine. This man ordered the construction of Cristo Rei, and he served alongside Presidents Antonio Carmona and Americo Thomaz. His secret police force was named the (*) PIDE, and he fought against Nehru in Operation Vijay for control of Goa. This man also fought wars in Angola and Mozambique, and his unpopular foreign policies would lead to his successor, Marcelo Caetano, being overthrown in the Carnation Revolution. For 10 points, name this Prime Minister from 1932 to 1968 who presided over the Estado Novo in Portugal.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d23070a6310441138aa1eaa86fba753a",
            "input": "The major types are Tamattu, Quiran, and Ifrad. It is usually coupled with Umrah, which includes performing Tawaf. Its supererogatory acts include performing Talbiah, Ramal and Idtibah, spending the night of Arafah in Muzdalifah, and washing the whole body upon entering into the state of Ihram. If a slave performs it and then gains his freedom, he must do it again, while a husband cannot forbid a wife from performing the obligatory one. FTP, although it can be performed by proxy under certain conditions, most Muslims are required to undertake what pilgrimage at least once in their lifetimes",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8e647ca23f0543bda9740ff8efd2db55",
            "input": "One type of this uses potassium permanganate to stain molecules with functional groups sensitive to oxidation, while another type relies on a partition based on a range of distribution coefficients. Described in a classic text by Braithwaite and Smith, they include reversed-phase and countercurrent varieties, and the study of them usually begin with rate theory and plate theory. A Long wave UV lamp is used in the type that utilizes a silica gel stationary phase, while a so-called high performance type uses higher pressure and a long column. First demonstrated by Mikhail Tsvet to German botanists, they include gel filtration, ion exchange, as well as liquid and gas mobile phase varieties. FTP name this class of general analytical methods used for separating the components of a mixture, exemplified by paper and thin-layer versions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-babb0248e5554bf2a37b1cb017978d97",
            "input": "The Tchico and the Bodu are two examples of these from Guernsey lore, and one of these creatures from the Kalevala had a stone gaze and a snake tail. When the survivors of the great flood accidentally angered Texcatlipoca by building an irritating smoky fire, that god created the first examples of these animals by stitching the survivors' heads to their asses. If you bury one of these creatures alive and either cut its head off with a bamboo saw or abandon it to starve, you can release a familiar spirit called an inugami. Pandareus stole and gave to Tantalus a golden one of these. Cadair Idris is supposedly where one population of these hang out, the Cwn Annwn. One Aztec god was sometimes depicted as a monster with reversed feet and sometimes as a man with the head of one of these animals, Xolotl. Besides the infallible Laelaps and the loyal Argus, for 10 points, identify this animal, other example of which at Ragnarok will kill and be killed by Tyr, Garm.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-55307eb1e3fd4e2094beae7b8da03679",
            "input": "against all. \" In a four-part book, this advocate of commonwealth claims that the life of man is \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. \" For 10 points, name this English philosopher who wrote Leviathan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-498f868a55374af79b1d9c1a46441632",
            "input": "This man collaborated with his brother on the song \"I Got Rhythm\" and he included four taxi horns in an orchestral piece inspired by the composer's visit to Europe. An opera by this composer dealt with African-American life on Catfish Row in South Carolina while his most famous orchestral composition was orchestrated by Ferde Grofe and begins with a clarinet glissando. For 10 points, identify this American composer of An American in Paris, Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-519cf9c59d11478fbb89fd69be6857d1",
            "input": "In one of this author's short stories, the narrator becomes captivated by thoughts of the title object after picking up a coin. Other of his stories describe a nineteen year old invalid with an incredible memory, a \"monstrous\" book containing an infinite number of pages, and a fictional planet founded on the principles of Berkelian idealism. In addition to \"Funes, the Memorious\", \"The Book of Sand\", and \"Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius\", this author wrote short stories about an object that allows the narrator to see the entire universe and an infinite expanse of hexagonal rooms containing books with every possible combination of characters. FTP, name this Argentinian author of \"El Aleph\" and \"The Library of Babel\" who collected his stories in Ficciones.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb76ece4feda4f17ad20f8ec5506811f",
            "input": "The first one begins with the instruction Lento, quasi marcia funebra, and is in the key of F minor. Marc-Andre Hamelin notably composed his own Cadenza for one of these pieces, and six of them were orchestrated by Fritz Doppler. Most of them end with a section adapted from dances called verbunkos, and mimic the sound of the cimbalom. The second one begins with a slow section marked Lassan before transitioning to a faster section marked Friska, a structure based on a folk czrds. Their composers Searle number 244, they include pieces nicknamed The Carnival of Pest and Rakoczy March. For ten points, identify this set of nineteen piano pieces by Franz Liszt based on gypsy melodies from his home country.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-485398c0948f44918a45aeec4970a40d",
            "input": "This artist painted the opposing directions two ducks face after they are shot just taking flight in the work Right and Left. He based his Prisoners from the Front on his sketches of the Civil War, while his most famous works were painted while living in Prouts Neck, Maine. A series of boys joined in a line on the prairie play a game in this artist's (*) Snap the Whip. He showed a man and four boys sailing in fair weather in Gloucester in his Breezing Up, while his most famous painting depicts a black man alone in a stranded boat surrounded by sharks. For 10 points, name this American artist of The Gulf Stream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-068205eb2b10404da08ad98e324f8cc3",
            "input": "The last chapter is an allegory of Christianization and involves a maid becoming pregnant after eating a berry. Louhi the Hag of the North pulls down the sun and the moon, steals, fire from the titular group and promises her daughter to Seppo in exchange for his building something for her. Such animals as the demon's elk and the swan of Tuonela are killed in this book, whose second and standard edition contains fifty poems, some of which discuss Illmarinen. The major plot arc involves the mysterious object called the Sampo and mostly concerns the hero Vinminen. For 10 points, identify this Elias Lnnrot-compiled national epic of Finland.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba92a221350543ceb24a6504a828408e",
            "input": "free energy is plotted against this quantity in Ellingham diagrams, and sudden jumps in this quantity on the order of 10^(-6) seconds are used in studying enzyme kinetics. Many of the cdc mutants in yeast are sensitive to this quantity and thus exhibit a conditional phenotype. A gradient in this causes the generation of a potential difference in a metal according to the Seebeck effect, and Wein's law suggests that the wavelength of a blackbody is inversely proportional to this quantity. The thermodynamic beta is inversely proportional to it. For 10 points, identify this quantity which describes the average kinetic energy of the molecules that make up the object, and which is measured in Kelvins.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-548439b1cfe842348d36ca99e20f36e6",
            "input": "One president of this country was assassinated by his bodyguard after returning from exile to lead the High Council of State. That council was formed after an annulled election that would have been won by the FIS party in this country. The GIA carried out the Rais Massacre in this nation, in which the First of November declaration was issued by a revolutionary group headed by Ahmed (*) Ben Bella, who would go on to become this country's first post-independence leader. Following the Evian agreements, many of this country's pied-noirs fled to France, which ruled this country prior to a 1954 to 1963 war for independence. For 10 points, name this African country currently led by Abdelaziz Bouteflika, the leader of the FLN party, whose largest city and capital is Algiers.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-72c0c7de3be1496d8caead88acab7cf9",
            "input": "Participants in this event opposed the corrupt \"Ten Regular Attendants. \" He Jin led the military opposition to this event, while forces under Bo Cai were put down by Zhu Jun and Huangfu Song. Participants in this event believed that \"the Blue Sky\" had perished and venerated the god Huang-lo, who had given its leader a sacred book. That leader's brothers Bao and Liang helped him lead this rebellion, which, like the earlier Five Pecks of Rice revolt, was put down by the Han general Cao Cao. For 10 points, name this Zhang Jiao-led uprising against the Han Dynasy whose followers practiced the Way of Great Peace and were named after a colorful piece of headware.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f88a06df6a54e94889c63e393bd55a4",
            "input": "This work contains two barrel vaults with hexagonal coffers, and the artist appears in it staring directly at the viewer. This painting located across from the La Disputa contains statues of Apollo and Athena flanking the central figures. Unknown figures in this painting may be Bramante and (*) Hypatia. Two men in this painting hold globes, while another man writes on a slab of stone and rests his head on his hand. Another figure in this work lies on some stairs with his leg splayed; that man is Diogenes, who appears with people like Pythagoras and Zeno. For 10 points, the philosophers Aristotle and Plato appear in what fresco painted by Raphael",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-307558b88dcc42da95ed7264290bdc94",
            "input": "The attacking army was forced to come to the eventual site of this battle, near the towns of Urhai and Harran, due to a maneuver by the General Mazaeus, and lacked expected reinforcements which had been tied down in a war against King Agis III. The defending army may have been demoralized by a lunar eclipse shortly before this conflict, and its commanders included the satrap Bessus. The attacking general arrayed his flanks in an awkward manner, so as to encourage the enemy to attack them, resulting in a gap in the defending center, into which the Companion Cavalry charged, eventually capturing Queen Sisygambis and causing Darius to flee. For ten points, name this third and final of Alexander the Great against the Persians.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0966331866014990ae903131724059de",
            "input": "One of their leaders expressed their ideology in the pamphlet \"Truth. \"  Drawn from such organizations as the Union of Welfare and the Union of Salvation, their acts were immortalized in a special issue of the periodical The Northern Star. Some ten days after their initial military operation had been defeated another force of 1,100 men in Chernigov led by the Southern Society rose up to challenge the ascension of Nicholas I. Led by such men as Pavel Pestel, they sought to set Prince Trubetskoy up as provisional dictator until Constantine could take power. FTP, identify this group of Russian revolutionaries who took took name from the month in which they planned their uprising.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea13f337deb34735bc761882b971f89f",
            "input": "They can be synthesized from vinyl bromides via the Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement, or from aldehydes via the Seyferth-Gilbert reaction, but they are more commonly created by double elimination of vicinal dihalides. One common reaction the reduction of these compounds by a catalyst poisoned with quinoline and named for Lindlar. Hydroboration or oxy-mercuration of these compounds leads to an enol, which then tautomerizes into a carbonyl compound. Terminal ones have a pKa of about 25, meaning they can be easily deprotonated and used in ring opening of epoxides and nucleophilic attacks. Consisting of at least one pair of sp-hybridized carbons bonded to each other, FTP, name these compounds that contain a carbon-carbon triple bond.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d458cbaae3d142cca48e9fda799b5fab",
            "input": "This artist painted a scene from Tacitus in which a one-eyed, bearded man in a cloth crown beckons to several others around a table to cross swords with him. One of his paintings includes a well-lit girl in a gold dress holding a dead chicken. This artist of The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis painted Aris Kindt's tendon being prodded by the title doctor in The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp. In another painting, he showed a drummer amidst the rifle-bearing shooting company of Franz Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter of The Night Watch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-324b5465661d49b9bc2bd0200f805fce",
            "input": "This artist's studio was redesigned to resemble a kiva for one work in which he depicted the central figure holding a war mace in his right hand, while contemplating another object in his left, a portrait of Frank Hamilton Cushing. Three nude youths lounge in the grass, two playing syrinxes in this artist's Arcadia, and a youth carries a bloody sponge in a bucket as he stands behind an illuminated figure, wearing only white briefs and waving to the crowd in this artist's Salutat. In another work, a nude (*) youth stands with his back to the viewer, watching as a friend dives into the titular location, while another work features the artist rowing alone in a boat to the right of the title figure. This artist of The Swimming Hole and Max Schmitt in a Single Scull also painted a man with a bloody hand and scalpel staring away from the surgery being performed to his left. FTP, name this naked young boy enthusiast who painted The Gross Clinic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8faa5b6b156f47448f34d238141e9d54",
            "input": "Compactness for a topological space implies that every ultrafilter has this property. The Wisjman variety of this applies to closed subsets of metric spaces, the Gromov-Hausdorff metric helps define it for sequences of compact metric spaces, a property which is named for those men. In a complete metric space, a sequence being Cauchy (*) implies this property, and a test for it in series involves the ratio of a-sub-n over a-sub-n minus one being less than one. For 10 points, name this property which is possessed by a sequence that has a limit, indicating that its elements are approaching some finite value.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6f65c576a4c4ddf9cf594151830037c",
            "input": "Most photographs taken of this place were captured with three Hasselblad cameras. A trip to this location inspired a photograph that is partly attributed to Ronald Evans and is called The Blue Marble. An early picture of this place was meant to study the effects of regolith and shows a man's protruding footprint. An iconic photo focused on this place was taken near a cemetery in Hernandez, New Mexico. The title of another Ansel Adams photo taken in Yosemite pairs this place with Half Dome. The image of a man climbing down the steps of the Eagle was taken on this place. For 10 points, name this body photographed by Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-876ab2efab5941688b026450a630e831",
            "input": "In cgs units, for an isolated spherical conductor, this quantity is equal to the radius. A low-pass filter may be created by placing an element with this property in series with a shunt resistor and parallel with the load, since the reactance associated with this property varies as the signal period. A circuit with an element with this property in series with a resistance has an associated time constant given by this quantity times the resistance. An element with this property stores energy equal to half its value times the square of the potential difference across the element. FTP, name this quantity, defined as the ratio of potential difference to charge stored, and measured in MKS units of farads.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49ce842a05364e5f81166b8be1ca0215",
            "input": "In one section of this work, the strings repeat a fortissimo E-flat, E, A-flat, B chord while accenting varied on and off beats. It ends when an ascending line in the piccolo and flute is interrupted by a final chord spelling out D-E-A-D. Changing meter features prominently in this work, in which 11 timpani beats mark the beginning of \"The Glorification of the Chosen One.\" This work's final section includes alternating notes in the timpani and strings punctuated by brass to depict a sacrificial dance. Its first part \"Adoration of the Earth\" begins with a bassoon solo. For 10 points, name this ballet about the sacrifice of a virgin girl, written by Igor Stravinsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29d12729739b4df8963c141ea807ff9b",
            "input": "Milner, Witten, and Cates approximated the average density of the \"brush\" form of these molecules described in Carothers equation. They are produced in a reaction between copper compounds called ATRP. An equation for Gibbs free energy including terms for volume fraction comprises the Flory-Huggins model of these molecules. Organoaluminum cocatalysts are often used to produce these molecules along with Ziegler-Natta catalysts. They may be produced via step- growth, chain-growth, condensation, or addition. For 10 points, starch and nylon are what macromolecules consisting of repeating subunits called monomers",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c41d2b85ce544bc3b72a0b3d258c8180",
            "input": "This region was home to the author of the 48-book Dionysiaca, the last epic written in Ancient Greek. A mythical king of this place sacrificed foreign travelers to avert famine until Heracles broke from chains and killed him. In this home of Nonnus and the mythical Busiris, the gods turned into animals while fleeing from Typhon. Hypermnestra refused to kill a suitor from this place, which was once ruled by Epaphus, the son of Io. This place, named for a king who had forty-nine of his fifty sons murdered by the Danaids, included temples to the syncretic god Serapis. On his return from Troy, Menelaus wrestled the shape-shifting Proteus in this region before sailing north again. For 10 points, name this region containing Pharos, where ethnic Greeks syncretized Typhon with Set and learned about Isis.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-239a92b99a41494781900e998dde9457",
            "input": "One French monarch with this name was on the throne at the time of the Sicilian Vespers and launched the Aragonese Crusade. The first French monarch with this name was nicknamed \"the Amorous\" and was on the throne at the time of the Council of Claremont. Another French monarch with this name fought a war with England after the death of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and was thus a contemporary of (*) Henry II. Another French king with this name clashed with the church over taxing clergy and expelled and outlawed the Knights Templars. For ten points, give this first name shared by a French king who joined the Third Crusade and was nicknamed \"Augustus\", as well as by one nicknamed \"the Fair. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa67c9f5a8d24ef6903ccef1e9b41dbd",
            "input": "His most recent work, which criticizes the idea that the titular action is an example of the Hold-up Problem, is entitled The Acquisition of Fischer Body by General Motors, and he has also criticized the spectrum licensing system of the FCC. One of his better-known works was Revisited in a 1972 paper by Donald H. Reagan, who criticized it for not presenting any model of individual behavior to justify its conclusions. That work used the example of a ranchers cattle straying and eating the crops of his neighbor. The author of The Nature of the Firm and The Problem of Social Cost, this is, FTP, which economist and champion of property rights whose namesake theorem states that with no transaction costs, any government allocation of property is equally efficient",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4ed4a7459ea4dc1bd5ad57855dcd951",
            "input": "John Reagan served as Postmaster General during the entirety of this president's administration. After\\n only seven months in office, this president was forced to shake-up his cabinet, firing Leroy Walker as\\n Secretary of War and Robert Toombs as Secretary of State. This president's navy secretary, former Florida\\n Senator Stephen Mallory, authorized innovative ships like the Hunley. Several posts in this man's cabinet\\n were filled by Judah P. Benjamin, a Jew from Louisiana. Serving alongside Vice President Alexander\\n Stephens, this man appointed as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia Robert E. Lee. For 10\\n points, name this President of the Confederate States of America.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2942fad158b6446c9db410814e97a3c7",
            "input": "This philosopher argued that the only way to exercise freedom is to act morally, because otherwise one's actions are bound by one's conditional desires. This thinker defined the title concept of one of his essays as \"man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity.\" He postulated that our senses perceive only phenomena and not noumena, so we can never truly know the \"thing-in-itself.\" This author of \"What is Enlightenment\" argued that we should act only according to maxims that could be made universal law, which he called the \"categorical imperative.\" For 10 points, name this German author of Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Critique of Pure Reason.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a15bbb6b40324bd2a2138e6fe5b75960",
            "input": "One aria from this opera tells of a character officially changing religions and is titled \"Yesterday, I Went All Alone.\" That character, who is Bonze's niece in this opera, also sings \"Un Bel Di.\" In this opera, the male lead falls for Kate after being introduced to her by her father Sharpless. This causes problems because Goro has arranged a marriage between that male character, Pinkerton, and Cio-Cio San (CHO CHO SAHN), the title (*) geisha girl. Ending with Cio-Cio San's seppuku (sep-POO-koo), for 10 points, name this opera set in Japan by Giacomo Puccini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4784b4d649204bffa7b2f51bf567ef80",
            "input": "This region experiences a type of fog that is known as camanchaca. The main river that passes through this area is the Loa River. This region is bound on the west by the Cordillera de la (*) Costa and on the east by the Cordillera Domeyko. For 10 points, name this location often considered to be the driest on the Earth, which runs alongside the Andes Mountains and is a desert located in northern Chile.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d1a88752ce14f82a607640c0a51db1a",
            "input": "Sequences of this data structure are used in a data structure created by William Pugh. This data structure was first developed by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw and Herbert Simon for use in IPL. This is one of the simplest data structures one can build out of conses in Lisp. A dummy object used to simplify boundary conditions in these data structures is called a sentinel. Their \"unrolled\" type uses the cache to increase performance by storing just enough elements in each section to fill a cache line. Their last element is usually null, but it can reference their first element to form a \"circular\" one of these data structures. They are often used to implement stacks and queues. These dynamically allocated data structures also come in a \"doubly\" variety. For 10 points, identify this data structure constructed of nodes with a data field and a pointer to the next node.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9e0654a00f940ca9cab1b7f1f8b01f4",
            "input": "Created as the territorial endowment of the descendents of Juchi, its capital was originally Sarai Batu, and later Sarai Berke. Its greatest ruler was Oz Beg, and his death in 1341 marked the beginning of its decline. For ten points, what is the better known name of the Kipchak Khanate, the Mongol state centered around the lower Volga river",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-792114093bc54c7cbf9f867cdc8db886",
            "input": "One of his works contrasts the Engineer with the Bricoleur, and his Structural Anthropology outlined culture as symbolic communication. In addition to Elementary Structures of Kinship and The Savage Mind, a more famous work contains sections like The Naked Man and From Honey to Ashes, and compares the myths of several South American tribes. For 10 points, name this structural anthropologist, whose The Raw and the Cooked can be found in his Mythologiques.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ae2b31b0409465082faf925724386ff",
            "input": "A politician from this state introduced a bill barring the public sale of F-14 airplane parts and held \"Congress on Your Corner\" meetings with constituents. Another elected official from this state was attacked in the Munnell memo and is currently being sued by the Justice Department for racial profiling. Ron Barber won a special election in this state, and Joe Arpaio is a sheriff in this state's Maricopa County. On January 8th, 2011, Jared Lee Loughner shot a Congresswoman from this state. For 10 points, name this US State, the home of Gabby Giffords, where Jan Brewer signed SB 1070, a law requiring aliens to carry proof of citizenship at all times, in Phoenix.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f56cc9397994ba8a402267d17003fa5",
            "input": "Due to the choice of an unconventional color scheme, municipal officials cut off the public water supply to a worker's city that this man built in Pessac based on his Citrohan House design. He proposed a failed \"breathing glass\" structure for the Salvation Army Hotel in Paris, and his design for the League of Nations was (*) disqualified because it was not presented in Indian ink. His byname originated from the pseudonyms he and Ozenfant used while writing a series of articles for L'Esprit Nouveau that would be complied to form his Toward a New Architecture. For 10 points, the Palaces of Justice and Assembly in Chandigarh India were designed by this Swiss architect and proponent of the International Style born Charles-douard Jeanneret.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eaeeaf0785a1440ba8133f3819769245",
            "input": "One work of his, the colossal Saint John the Evangelist currently resides in the Duomo of Florence, but from its creation until 1588, it occupied a place in the faade of the Baptistery, a building which this artist's mentor, Lorenzo Ghiberti, had designed. Following his work on Saint John, he worked on a statue of St. Mark for the Orsanmichele church, where he would also create a statue of Saint George several years later. While working on the sculpture Habbakuk, or Zuccone, he is alleged to have repeatedly muttered \"Speak, Damn you, Speak\" at the marble he was working with. For ten points, identify this 15th-century artist and sculptor of the Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata and the Bronze David.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5c2af5c85554ac6b259f536e2c907c8",
            "input": "When told about the Copernican theory of the solar system, this character asks, \"\"What the deuce is it to me\"\" This character is described as an excellent swordsman and boxer, but does not care to know anything about Thomas Carlyle. His brother Mycroft is described as \"\"the most indispensable man in the country. \"\" Public outcry caused the author to bring this character back in \"\"The Adventure of the Empty House\"\" after having him tumble over Reichenbach Falls while fighting Professor Moriarty. For 10 points, name this detective and master of deduction, who was created by Arthur Conan Doyle and whose adventures are narrated by Dr. John Watson.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ceb228679f942eb80222539c6552a6c",
            "input": "One poem dedicated to this man describes dark events \"Charging like ceaseless clouds\" in \"Hush'd Be the Camp To-Day.\" Another poem about him notes how the great star \"droop'd in the western sky in the night.\" In another poem, his lips are \"pale and still.\" For 10 points, Walt Whitman's \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\" and \"Oh Captain! My Captain!\" are both based on whose 1865 assassination",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-914b52148b2f49479957037bb8bfb25b",
            "input": "After the death of Amir Kazgan, this man declared fealty to the leader who overran the chief city of Transoxania. He was victorious at the Battle of the Terek River, and this man besieged his brother-in-law Amir Husayn at Balkh. This man invaded Anatolia in 1402, and supported Tokhtamysh's invasion of Moscow. He and his son Shah Rukh defeated the army of Bayezid at the Battle of Ankara. He sacked the city of Delhi and built pyramids out of skulls at Damascus. For 10 points, name this ruler from Asia who tried to restore the Mongol Empire from his capital at Samarkand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f3f6c9a0483481988917077d011c94e",
            "input": "title character was first introduced to English-speakers by the efforts of Thomas Shelton. He concludes that the modern world is all \"machinations and schemes\" after he falls out of a boat that strikes a floating mill. This character's books are burned by a priest and Nicholas the Barber. He confuses a barber's washbin for the Golden Helmet of Mambrino. A character dresses as the Knight of the White Moon to convince this owner of the horse Rocinante to abandon his quest, which is fueled by his thought that Dulcinea is a princess. For 10 points, name this companion of Sanco Panza created by Miguel de Cervantes.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe91bd59e6ab438ea1240eb706820e18",
            "input": "Occlusion by this astronomical body of Saggitarius Tr-180 suggests that the rate of sublimation from its surface has doubled. That sublimation may have helped to create evaporite deposits such as the Akupara and Rem maculae, which cover a surface of beta-hexagonal ice surrounding the Plain of Abatus. Its changing albedo is believed to couple with gravitational diapirism to produce the cavi of its unique terrane of Bubeme. Perhaps the most interesting surface features occur in its equatorial region, which contains fault-block mountain ranges bounded by the Ho and Lo sulci, indicating a tectonic past, and the geyser plumes Hili and Mahilani, which contribute to its thin atmosphere. FTP, name this moon of Neptune best known for its cryovolcanic eruptions and its retrograde orbit.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd25cc855dcf46eda392ceed6edaba6d",
            "input": "One writer from this country wrote about how the \"red one,\" Paddy Oshea, and Maisy's lover, Xuma, lead a strike. In a novel primarily set in this country the protagonist gets put under surveillance and moves to France to stay with Katya where she falls in love with the married student Bernard Chabalier. This country produced the author of Mine Boy, Peter Abrahams, and Etienne Leroux, a member of the literary movement (*) Die Sestigers. In a novel set in this country, a man takes a copy of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address from his son's room after visiting John Harrison; in that novel set here, Mr. Carmichael takes up the defense pro deo for the murderer who killed Arthur Jarvis. For 10 points, name this country whose authors produced Burger's Daughter and Cry, the Beloved Country by Nadine Gordimer and Alan Paton.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9593a35d48ab47678988846e23a4729e",
            "input": "This man reflected on his career in Beneath the Underdog, and his most-performed composition was created in tribute to Lester Young. Human evolution is depicted in jazz form in his \"Pithecanthropus Erectus,\" and he collaborated with alto saxophonist Eric Dolphy on a well-received, fourteen-minute version of Stormy Weather. For 10 points, name this composer of \"Goodbye, Porkpie Hat,\" a prolific jazz bassist.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b6b21d64f5f4d5186967243583d9383",
            "input": "One quantity typically denoted using the capital version of this Greek letter is a colligative property equal to molarity times the gas constant times temperature. That quantity is the osmotic pressure. This Greek letter also represents a type of chemical bond typically formed from the overlap of p orbitals found in double-bonded compounds, such as alkenes. For 10 points, name this Greek letter that symbolizes a mathematical constant roughly equal to 3.14.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ecc2902ddff4572b62008788ff3d3bc",
            "input": "This composer used a series of themes by Rossini as the basis for the ballet La Boutique Fantasque, and his compositions for piano include his Concerto in the Mixolydian Mode. He set The Adoration of the Magi, La Primavera, and The Birth of Venus to music in Three Botticelli Pictures. This composer included movements called The Dove and The Cuckoo in his suite The Birds, and composed three suites of Ancient Airs and Dances. One of his symphonic poems features a recording of a nightingale and ends by depicting the title objects along the Appian Way. FTP, name this Italian composer of The Pines of Rome and The Fountains of Rome.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-16ec4a5826274a16a01b98d1a3f43980",
            "input": "This battle was preceded by the landing at Pevesney, and it took place at Senlac Hill. This battle was preceded by the defeat of Harald Hardrata at Stamford Bridge. According to the Bayeux Tapestry, one commander at this battle died after getting struck in the eye by an arrow. Two months after this battle, the victor was crowned king in London. For 10 points, name this 1066 battle in which the forces of Harold II were defeated by the Norman forces under William the Conqueror.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-275411d5f2bd46419c5df93a5df48ef5",
            "input": "In one poem, this author wrote \"My secrets cry aloud. I have no need for tongue,\" comparing his heart to title structure. In another poem, this author spoke of \"virtues only gods could speak/Or English poets who grew up on Greek\" possessed by the title character, who \"was the sickle\" and \"I, the rake,\" lewdly noting \"what prodigious mowing we did make.\" This poet of \"Open House\" and \"I (*) Knew a Woman\" remembered that \"every step you missed/my right ear scraped a buckle\" and observed that \"the whiskey on your breath/Could make a small boy dizzy\" in another poem. His villanelle ends \"I wake to sleep, and take my waking slow. I learn by going where I have to go.\" For 10 points, name this Michigan poet of \"My Papa's Waltz\" and \"The Waking.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bd8dfed3130469c830efcedc9b5698b",
            "input": "It is said that he jammed a rag full of powder into the keyhole of another student's room and ignited it to earn dismissal from Yale within two years of his entrance at age 13. He then went to sea for several years and eventually inherited money from his father, but it wasn't until the age of 30 that he started writing when he told his wife, Susan Augusta DeLancey, that he could write a better book than the one he was reading to her, leading to his first novel, Precaution. FTP, name this author whose works include Lionel Lincoln, The Pilot, The Pathfinder and Last of the Mohicans.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57d7dc60d052469bbdc9e30a5f02a63e",
            "input": "This politician gained territory to the north by pushing through the Gastein Convention. He warned against a great war sparked by \"some damned foolish thing in the Balkans. \" His minister, Adalbert Falk, passed the May Laws to fight the Catholic Church during a social campaign that this man initiated. This politician sparked a war by altering the Ems Dispatch. This giver of the \"Blood and Iron\" speech initiated the kulturkampf and spurred on the Franco- Prussian War. For 10 points, name this practitioner of realpolitik, an \"Iron Chancellor\" of Germany.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb513d96fac8478995027eeb7c7cb3dd",
            "input": "This author wrote of an orphan who is helped by Colonel Creighton after he is separated from Teshoo   Lama. This author wrote about that boy working for Mahbub Ali in Lahore before looking for the  \"River of the Arrow\". In a story by this author, Darzee sings about the death of Nag, and Teddy and   his family are threatened by Nagaina [nah-gah-ee-nah]. In one of this author's novels, the only being  in the forest not afraid of fire attacks Shere Khan with a burning branch. Name this author of Kim  and \"Riki-Tiki-Tavi\" who created the characters of Baloo, Bagheera, and Mowgli in The Jungle Book.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c8a1587be114b3383c295624b05ac96",
            "input": "One painting by this man depicts several soldiers hunched over after a chemical attack, and his mural The Triumph of Religion appears in his hometowns public library. He made a foray into impressionism with his Claude Monet Painting at the Edge of a Wood, and his imitation of Las Meninas featured the Boit family. Also known for a depiction of two girls holding Chinese lanterns, Carnation Lily Lily Rose, his most famous work depicts Virginia Gatreau in a scandalously low-cut dress. FTP, name this American romantic painter, the creator of Madame X.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-931957ea9d7046d499e0facff45ad185",
            "input": "He was first attracted to Mannerism after studying under Antonio Badile, producing such early works as The Family of Darius before Alexander. However, he fell under the influence of Tintoretto and produced such works as Agony in the Garden and 1587's Saint Pantaleone Healing a Child. His large workshop featured such artists as del Frisco and produced the scandalous 1573 Last Supper in the House of Simon, which the Inquisition forced him to rename The Feast in the House of Levi. FTP, identify this painter from Verona perhaps best known for his The Marriage at Cana.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5bae070e1b8c4545a889fd56778afc24",
            "input": "This author wrote of the potential for the development of racial prejudice as a result of anthropological work in an essay written for UNESCO, Race and History. He critiqued \"monoculture\" and described his tenure at Sao Paulo University and his travels among the Bororo in Tristes Tropiques. This theorist denied the concept of totemism in one work, while the titular dichotomy of another work by this author differentiated between items of \"natural\" and \"cultural\" origin, a work that was the first in this author's collection Mythologiques. For 10 points, name this structuralist anthropologist, author of The Savage Mind and The Raw and the Cooked.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dba9e680cb4f475980057c1369740ee7",
            "input": "This man classified discipline as repetitive behavior under determinate conditions in a work on Moral Education, and composed another work on the normality of crime. The inspiration for Batesons schismogenesis theory, he differentiated between repressive and restitutive law, seeing crime as a reflection of a populations unconscious. Rodney Needham translated his collaboration with Marcel Mauss on Primitive Classification, and he sought to identify the common social origins of religious beliefs in Elementary Forms of Religious Life. FTP, name this French sociologist whose best-known works include The Division of Labor in Society and a study on Suicide.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b6ecb473c5de4e18a75a2e17d1a7a470",
            "input": "One of the most important texts about them was written by Santideva in the 7th century AD, while Gampopa's The Jewel Ornament of Liberation lists the ten grounds or bhumi one of them must pass through. They observe ten main virtues, or paramitas, which range from generosity to wisdom, and famous examples of them include Manjusri, Vajrapani, Ksitigarbha, and the Chinese Quan Yin, who is also known as Chenrezig and Avalokitesvara. Potential ones must be male, and this position is said to be attained when karuna is equated with prajna. Maitreya is the only one recognized in the Theravada sect. FTP, identify these beings who seek enlightenment and help others to attain nirvana in Buddhism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04bb615e1c00459f9374c5a518109a12",
            "input": "Among this artist's important works painted in the United States are a painting for the San Francisco Stock Exchange, as well as \"Detroit Industry\". He gained an intenational reputation with The Nightmare of War and the Dream of Peace and Man at the Crossroads, and created a scandal by including the phrase \"God Does Not Exist\" in Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Central Alameda. Known for his monstrously ugly appearance, FTP, who was this most popular of the Mexican muralists",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-706f452d76a54e4aa8100b2f6e7504a1",
            "input": "The source of this river, that used to flow through the Makgadikgadi Plain, lies near the Kalene Hill. This river's waters create the Barotse [bah-ROT-see] floodplain, and it receives the Cuando and Shire Rivers. The Chizuma Falls can be found on this river, and two dams on it create Lake Cahora Bassa and Lake Kariba. One feature along this river, called by locals(*) \"The Smoke that Thunders,\" was discovered by David Livingstone. For 10 points, identify this river that flows through Angola, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique, and contains Victoria Falls.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f78ad33e884461d82c8b35a572a4baf",
            "input": "This author's essay \"Maxims of Love\" discusses his feelings for Metilde Dembowsky. An orphan who leaves Normandy to find \"what love is all about\" is the title character in this man's unfinished novel Lamiel. Giletti, the protector of Marietta Valsera, is killed in a scuffle in one of this man's works, in which the main character ultimately ends up as a (*) monk. He wrote a novel in which Mathilde de la Mole imitates an ancestor by burying her lover's head and decorates his tomb with marble. That novel features a character who is sentenced to die after attempting to kill Madame de Renal. For 10 points, name this French author of The Charterhouse of Parma and a novel about Julien Sorel, The Red and the Black.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd68879aa00b486faa30fdb87f8b5890",
            "input": "This composer's Dumky Trio and String Sextet are among his best chamber works, while larger-scale works include Symphonic Variations and a Serenade for Strings. His choral works were very popular in England, especially his Te Deum and Stabat Mater, though his operatic success is limited today to Rusalka. A close friend of Brahms, he blended native folk tunes into works like Moravian Duets and Slavonic Dances, though his most famous works were written in New York and Iowa. Also notable for his B minor Cello Concerto, FTP, name this Czech composer of the \"American\" quartet who was influenced by spirituals in writing his 9th symphony, \"From the New World\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b95dbfc080b34278beb3e43d3ddd744a",
            "input": "Before this work was written the composer's teacher at the Milan conservatory, Antonio Bazzini, wrote an opera based on the same play. In Act 2, the title character sings the aria \"Within This Palace,\" in which she tells about one of her ancestors who thousands of years earlier was betrayed by a man who conquered her city. In order to avenge that betrayal, she invents a test which involves questions about a phantom, a fever, and an ice that sets you on fire. In the third and final act, the blind king of Tartary Timur refuses to reveal a secret, after which his slave girl Liu is tortured and stabs herself to death. In that act, the aria \"Nessun dorma\" is sung by Calaf, who wins the titular princess of China. FTP, name this 1926 opera, which was left unfinished at his death by Giacomo Puccini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f589f40fbc7490e99f3d7e75879dbe5",
            "input": "One protein that binds to this protein also binds to proline-rich sequences in the membrane proteins Vasp and Mena, and another is knocked out in the singed mutant. Phosphatidyl-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate regulates the binding of vinculin to both talin and this other protein, whose function is performed by nematode Major Sperm Protein in the only (*) eukaryotic cells known to lack one form of it. In addition to the aforementioned profilin and facsin, severin and gelsolin bind to this protein and sever it. Two toxins often used to study it are cytochalasins and phalloidin. Thymosin 4 sequesters this protein, which undergoes treadmilling because the critical concentration at its (+) and (-) ends is not the same. This protein consists of G monomers which polymerize into F filaments, which make up the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton. For 10 points, name this protein that forms cross-bridges with myosin in muscle cells.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cd59f9115e84d569286c2c520952ccc",
            "input": "one novel set in this country, the violence employed by the bandit Fiero Vasquez and the legal recourse taken by Correa Zavala cannot help the mayor Rosendo Maquis save his town of Rumi from the corrupt Don Amenabar. This setting of Ciro Alegra's novel Broad and Alien is the World was home to a poet whose socialism and collections The Black Heralds and Trilce have often led him to be paired with Neruda. One author from this country recently published a reworking of Madame Bovary titled The Bad Girl. In a novel set in this country, the Marquesa de Montemayor resolves to change her ways after reading Pepita's letter, and Brother Juniper is burned for writing about the title event. This setting of The Bridge of San Luis Rey is also where Pedro Camacho writes scripts for radio soaps. For 10 points, name this home of Cesar Vilejo and Mario Vargas Llosa.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2bb2307f13f24a15b24550fe561d4b22",
            "input": "For an ideal gas, this quantity equals the square root of the adiabatic index times the gas constant times temperature over molar mass, a result which can be derived from a more general formula equating it to the square root of the bulk modulus over the density. For air, this quantity varies based on humidity and temperature. An object (*) exceeding this quantity will cause the formation of a cone of condensation due to the formation of a shock wave, which is also accompanied by a loud boom. For 10 points, identify this speed equal to Mach one, the rate at which phenomena such as thunder and voices propagate through a medium.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c68c84b77c243308ac782884de1a50c",
            "input": "In the introduction to the second edition of this work, the author described how Hubert Humphrey won a 1948 Senate race over a man who championed the ideas of Jeremy Bentham. It criticizes the inability of monetary policy to have any influence on wage-price interactions in a chapter called The Monetary Illusion, while chapter 11 of this work criticizes consumer wants which arise from the process of satisfying wants and calls it the dependence effect. Another chapter criticizes the use of GDP and GNP as a measure of quality of life and is titled The Paramount Position of Production. Its author originally titled it Why the Poor are Poor and discarded another title which described the central entity as opulent and its second chapter contains an attack on a concept which espouses predictability over originality and preaches what the audience most wants to hear, conventional wisdom. For 10 points, identify this magnum opus of John Kenneth Galbraith.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da0f2fd1bc694f289599c2b3e7461a73",
            "input": "A flying man in red plucks a white-loinclothed figure out of a capsizing boat in one of this man's works. A pattern of blue diamonds adorns the white wrap around the red dress of a woman at the lower right of one of his paintings. That woman is being served fruit and handing some to a white-clad child. Two trees and a small brook separate the foreground from the priest walking in the middle, while the title action of that painting is going on way in the back, as a circle dances around an elevated idol. For 10 points, name this painter of St. Mark Freeing the Slave and The Adoration of the Golden Calf, who executed for the San Giorgio Maggiore of Venice his Last Supper.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63192ea2f67e451eb794c6765e7524d2",
            "input": "During this period, Gondwanaland was in existence and climate was extreme. Regions 65 degrees or more from the equator were covered with glacial ice. Also, the earliest remains of terrestrial plants come from this time. FTP, identify this period which was named for a tribe in Great Britain and Wales and which occurred from 438 to 408 million years ago.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ca1698541f74191a6b72f1f9338006b",
            "input": "Although not a primary alcohol, only one of these compounds with a methyl group undergoes the iodoform reaction. Their simplest example is mixed with sulfuric acid to form Marquis' reagent, which can be used to identify alkaloids. LDA usually cannot be used to deprotonate these compounds to form enolates because self-condensation is too fast. These compounds are transformed into an alkyne by the Corey-Fuchs reaction. When these compounds lack an alpha-hydrogen, they can undergo disproportionation to yield an alcohol and a salt of a carboxylic acid in the Cannizzaro reaction. Unlike a similar organic compound, they have reducing properties, which results in their oxidation in Tollens' reagent, creating a silver mirror. That mirror distinguishes them from ketones. For 10 points, identify these compounds that contain a formyl group and whose simplest example has chemical formula CH2O.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dce04165f95a4379a502df812f5e20e0",
            "input": "Jevgenija Lisicina authored a transcription of these works for organ, and one of these works depicts air \"shrouded with a black cloak. \" These pieces were selected from their composer's Test of Harmony and Invention, and the second of them depicts a swarm of flies and hornets in one section. The accompanying sonnet for the third piece in this collection states that \"the turtledove and the goldfinch are heard singing. \" One piece in this collection features a \"two-pronged\" theme, and the second movement of the fourth piece in this collection includes a pizzicato section that is intended to evoke the sound of raindrops. For 10 points, identify this collection of violin concerti by Antonio Vivaldi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57c6bbe13f734652a228dfd0bf3acf3c",
            "input": "Two of its forms are related by TV times beta-squared over kappa, where beta is the thermal expansion coefficient and kappa is the isothermal compressibility. T times the second derivative of pressure with respect to temperature at constant volume is its derivative with respect to volume at constant temperature. Greater for a liquid than a solid due to its vibrational modes at low frequencies, it can be calculated for a path of P equals aT to the one third to be 13/6 R, though for monatomic ideal gases, it's 3/2 R, and for a solid, it tends to zero at low temperatures, but for an elemental solids, it's 3R according to Dulong and Petit. FTP name this thermodynamic quantity measured in joules per Kelvin, the energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e58547cf1bf49eea905f31d51f6e70e",
            "input": "This entity shares its name with one controlled by the astronomer and investigator of mesmerism, Jean Sylvain Bailly. It saw the execution of General Lecomte, and Marshall MacMahon led a campaign against it that culminated with a mass execution at the Wall of the Federalists. Its aftermath saw a mass deportation to New Caledonia, and it was opposed by Adolphe Thiers. Louis-Auguste Blanqui was its nominal leader despite being imprisoned at the time, and it ended in the \"Bloody Week\" amidst fierce barricade fighting. Growing out of the Franco-Prussian War, for 10 points, name this socialist government that held power for two months in 1871 in the French capital.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d59c94a1f272436f8f2555814363a2ca",
            "input": "This event may have inspired the subsequent Cadet Revolution in Poland, also known as the November Insurrection, and this event was preceded by a string of arsons known as The Norman Fires. Those charged with stopping this event included Colonel Komierowski, while supporters of this event included the Count of Lobau, Georges Mouton, who was the leader of the National Guard, as well as the banker Jacques Laffitte. The Address of the 221 was delivered a few months before this event, which was opposed by the security chief August de Marmont, and whose primary cause was discontent with the Prince de Polignac and the Saint-Cloud Ordinances. Also known as the three glorious days and resulting in the adoption of the tricolor, for ten points name this revolt that overthrew Charles X and led to the accession of Louis-Philippe as King of the French, named for the summer month in which it took place.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6b9634b828e44bdb8e3bb81dfee9d43",
            "input": "This god turned his daughter's suitor, Alvis, to stone. He once had a whetstone lodged in his forehead after a battle with the Mist Calf and the giant Hrungnir. Tanngnjostr and Tanngrisnir are the two goats that pull this god's chariot. On one occasion, he disguised himself as Freya in order to take back his prized possession. At Ragnarok, he will kill and be killed by Jormungandr, the Midgard Serpent. For 10 points, name this husband of Sif, who wields his hammer Mjollnir, as the Norse god of Thunder.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9f6e1ede86d4fca8995f33d33bd1220",
            "input": "A Pop Art version includes a depiction of the artist herself, Marisol, sitting opposite the scene of wood sculpture. A version by Tintoretto divided the oil on canvas painting diagonally with the table, and includes a choir of angels, while Marisol's inspiration was painted for Santa Maria delle Grazie. Give the titles for these works depicting the moment at which Jesus announces that one apostle will betray him, the best known of which, FTP, was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c082d1d456f483caf2c025c7d1e2ae5",
            "input": "This name is attached to a number of figures from Greek myth of whom the least well known was probably the only surviving daughter of Zeus and Lamia before the latter went insane over the death of her other children and became a demonic spirit that kills babies. Another was turned into an egret when she drowned swimming alongside the ship of a man she loved and whose affections she had purchased by cutting a purple lock of her fathers hair, leading to that fathers death. Ovid connects that one with the most famous one, a daughter of Phorcys for whom Glaucus rejected either Amphitrite or Circe, leading to her being cursed to have a human upper body but with barking dogs heads coming from her vagina. For 10 points give this common name, applied bother to the unlucky daughter of King Nisus and to the monster in the Strait of Messina alongside Charybdis.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9cdcbe667003431bb2a9d95c78637088",
            "input": "He cleansed Pelops of blood-guilt in the western stream of Oceanus, and a practical joke by his uncle resulted in him ejaculating on his half-sister's thigh, making him the father of Erichthonius. He drove off the River-god Scamander to help Achilles, and the blinded Orion took his apprentice Cedalion as a guide after finding his workshop. During the revolt of the giants, he scalded Mimas with a ladle full of red-hot metal. Pandareus and Tantalus conspired to steal a golden mastiff created by this god, and his other creations include a net that caught Ares in bed with his wife. FTP name this husband of Aphrodite, the lame smith-god of the Greeks.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b4946905af743bc8d540d16f1cb5e55",
            "input": "adoption of this person's metaphysics by Alexander Bogdanov led Vladimir Lenin to write a chapter in Materialism and Empirico-Criticism accusing this philosopher and Richard Avenarius of being solipsists. His anti-atomism was rooted in a skepticism about unobservable entities, while his general philosophy of science proposed that theories develop from a human drive toward economy. The strict empiricism exhibited in his history of physics, The Science of Mechanics, was extended to giving sense-perception the sole role in driving science in his The Analysis of Sensations. His empiricist approach influenced the formation of the Vienna Circle, which was formally known as this man's \"society. \" For 10 points, name this philosopher, who also worked as a psychologist, explaining an optical illusion known as his \"bands,\" and a physicist, doing work on the speed of sound that included defining his \"number. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44871833d23648e8a4ca7cf3d2004a80",
            "input": "One of his works was a response to a criticism of democracy by Walter Lippman. In addition to The Public and its Problems and Individualism Old and New, he also outlined his theory of aesthetics in his Art as Experience and criticized Marxism in his Freedom and Culture. This author of The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology criticized the dualism of stimulus and response in one paper, and outlined progressive, pragmatic education based on learning by doing. For 10 points, name this author of Democracy in Education.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f729df1d4bb04b66983d2c53b2fa89f7",
            "input": "One ruler of this family put down a rebellion led by Jai Singh; another expelled a group of rebels who would later conquer Crete from Byzantium. Yet another ordered the killing of St. Pelagius, and a fourth temporarily moved their capital to Ramla. They fought to a draw at the Battle of Siffin, but this tribe would have more success at a conflict remembered on the Day of Ashura, the Battle of Karbala. Their rule would see its end come at the Battle of the Zab under Marwan II, nearly a century after their founding by Muawiyah. Ruling from Damascus from 660 to 750 A.D., FTP, name this Islamic Caliphate succeeded by the Abbasids.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5015dafd93184524b42a52f0aca783ee",
            "input": "This author wrote a work in which Ainsley attempts to seduce Len so that she may bear a child and Marian tests Duncan by offering him a cake in the shape of a woman. In another work by this author of The Edible Woman, a novel attributed to Laura is revealed to have been based on Alex Thomas' affair with Iris Chase. In addition to The (*) Blind Assassin, this author wrote a novel in which Snowman leads the Crakers as one of the last humans on Earth. In her most famous work, The Commander owns a woman in the Republic of Gilead named Offred. For ten points, identify this Canadian author of Oryx and Crake and The Handmaid's Tale.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c9f24b9c1a8464490bf58ebad2005f1",
            "input": "In one work, this author claims that friendship is the greatest of all things and only stems from mutual admiration of virtue. In addition to writing that work featuring Laelius, this man was the first to tell the story of the Sword of Damocles in a series of books on Stoicism, the Tusculan Disputations. This man defended his friend Milo from charges that he murdered Clodius in his Pro Milone. This man also uncovered a plot by a veteran of the Social War to overthrow the republic, the Catiline conspiracy, and condemned Mark Antony in a series of orations modeled on the works of Demosthenes. For 10 points, name this Roman orator who wrote the Philippics.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0459c98755494e509e57ec2291c79ee4",
            "input": "Among the minor participants in this event were Pedro Gmez Labrador and Richard Trench, while the Iroquois Confederacy also played a minor role. Some minor consequences of the event were the transfer of control of the Seychelles and Olivenza, but it is perhaps better known for establishing the Kingdom of Hanover and condemning the slave trade. This event was responsible for guaranteeing the neutrality of Switzerland, a provision promoted by Charles Pictet de Rochemont. Castlereagh and Talleyrand were, for ten points, part of which conference that established the Concert of Europe, chaired by Metternich  \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0a493a9408a48b29e6aa3c7dcd3d8ce",
            "input": "A symphony by this man was composed in honor of the 400th anniversary of the printing press. This   composer of \"Lobgesang\" composed a work that was inspired after a visit to the Holyrood Palace and  another that was influenced by a visit to the Fingal's Cave. The \"Dresden Amen\" is included in the   third movement of his fifth symphony, which, because it was written in honor of the 300th anniversary  of the Augsburg Confession, is nicknamed \"Reformation\". Like Wagner [VAHG- nur], this composer  wrote a commonly used wedding march, which was part of his incidental music to A Midsummer  Night's Dream. Name this composer of the Italian  and Scottish  Symphonies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-405d6399458e4d109d10eb8faffd6c56",
            "input": "In the meromictic form of this feature, limnic eruptions can occur, though in the holomictic kind, thermoclines, which don't exist in meres, are disrupted at least annually. When these features are linked in succession, they are called paternoster. One of these features can form in a cirque between the headwall and aretes and is called a tarn. When a meander is cut off, a billabong, or [*] oxbow, variety of this feature is formed, and glacial calving forms the kettle kind. Artificial types of these features can be created by dams and are called reservoirs. For 10 points, name these inland bodies of water, of which the largest in North America is Superior.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43f158c6f1f848ac990d8c91addaca5d",
            "input": "Off this country's southwest shore lie such islands it controls as Poula Wai and Kaoh Rung, while its northeast extends to a point at the end of Rotanah Kiri province. Its largest lake normally outflows across the Val Pc plain and receives such tributaries as the Srng and Sn. The cities of Pursat and Siemrab are found in the basin of that lake. For 10 points, name this country, whose eastern portion is watered by the Mekong River, which joins the outflow from Tonle Sap at Phnom Penh.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3619c262b1c447a0a261118f512e5df2",
            "input": "One scene in this work details the intervention of a Babylonian king named Baligant. In another section, a man is condemned to death after the weak Thierry manages to kill Pinabel in a duel. In the opening of this work, (*) Ganelon is selected to work out a peace treaty with the city of Saragossa ruled by king Marsilla. A Ludovico Ariosto epic is based off of this work, whose central character blows an oliphant horn shortly before he is killed by an ambush of Basque troops at the Battle of Roncevaux (\"\"ron-suh-VOH\"\") Pass. For 10 points, name this French medieval epic, a \"song\" named after a soldier in the army of Charlemagne.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c1bb1f602ef941a08e9aed501aecc604",
            "input": "In this man's first dated painting, angry men hold rocks over the kneeling, pink-robed body of Saint Stephen. He also painted a golden chain running diagonally across the chest of a man who puts his right hand on a statue. This man showed the prodigal son in a tavern next to himself and his wife Saskia in one of his 80-plus self-portraits. This artist of Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer showed a lone woman with a chicken on her belt amid a drum, a banner, and twenty armed men, and also showed students of Nicolaes Tulp gawking at a cut-open arm. For 10 points, name this painter of The Anatomy Lesson and The Night Watch, a Dutch master.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f2b2554d1c24ede97acee31f4bdf734",
            "input": "This artist showed a man swinging a sledgehammer in a poster executed as a cover for The Morse  Dial. This painter showed a seated brunette wearing only a pair of shoes staring out of an open window to her right in one work, while another of his paintings shows a blonde woman bending over  to adjust the cloth base of a basket of fruit. He based many of the women in his paintings on the  likeness of his wife, Josephine Nivison. This painter of (*) Eleven AM and Tables for Ladies showed a woman in a yellow hat sitting alone at a table staring into her cup of coffee in a different work. An advertisement for Phillies Cigars appears near the top of his best known painting, in which three people sit at a diner. For 10 points, name this American artist of Automat and Nighthawks.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-faa05a03ab6f4a09b2ca219be76e3648",
            "input": "The spherical harmonics have eigenvalue h-bar2 l (l + 1) under this operator's square. The commutator for operators representing two components of this quantity is plus or minus i h-bar times the operator for its third component. Slater determinants are used to force fermion wavefunctions to be asymmetric as required by one type of this quantity. Hyperfine structure results from one interaction involving this quantity, as does Russell-Saunders coupling and the splitting of signals in NMR. Expanding this quantity in the uncoupled basis requires Clebsch-Gordon coefficients. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to the product of inertial moment and angular velocity.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6bcdfc0752174240afbbc0f1820d1bde",
            "input": "Reacted with sodium chloride and carbon dioxide in the Solvay process, the first maser used a beam of particles of this compound. In the Raschig process, it is reacted with sodium hypochlorite, and hydroxylamine is derived from it by replacing a hydrogen with a hydroxyl group. Serving as a catalyst in the manufacture of Bakelite, the Ostwald process is used to turn it into nitric acid. Produced through the Haber-Bosch process, FTP, identify this chemical compound with chemical formula NH3.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb4d3131f6934ac79d2f1cc73b059751",
            "input": "One conflict involving this nation saw the taking of Mannerplaw and the capture of Khun Sa. In another conflict, an attack on Negrais led to rise of a dynasty ruled by Hsinbyushin and Bodawpaya. An Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League resisted Japanese rule here after being trained by them. Alaungpaya founded its Konbaung dynasty at Ava after a Mon rebellion toppled the Toungoo, which had been led by king Bayinnaung. Khin Nyunt held the leadership of an organization founded by General Saw Maung in this nation, SLORC, and early kingdoms here include Arakan and Pagan. For 10 points, name this polity once ruled by the regime of Ne Win, currently home to Nobelist Aung San Suu Kyi, who is held under house arrest in Yangon.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b531a47f540e49f5975577b60de38e8d",
            "input": "A work by this composer was the basis for Symphonic Dances orchestrated by Irwin Kostal and Sid Ramin including \"Mambo\" and \"Cha-Cha\". In one of his works, one singer depicts both Julia Grant and Lucy Hayes after the election of 1876 in \"Duet for One\". Hildy the taxi driver sings \"I Can Cook Too\" in a work by him in which three sailors on shore leave sing \"New York, New York\". The Old Lady sings \"I Am Easily Assimilated\" in a work by him that includes \"Glitter and Be Gay\". This composer of 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue and On the Town wrote the music for a work in which a character suggests that \"Miss America should just resign\" in \"I Am Pretty\", while Tony claims there's \"music playing\" if you say her name loud in the song \"Maria\". That musical depicts the gang rivalry between the Sharks and the Jets. For 10 points, name this composer of Candide and West Side Story.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a42dca9ed2dd40d087d301600a4face0",
            "input": "The land ruled by this deity contained a cave inhabited by dangerous women who sought out unfaithful lovers and a boiling spring home to a worm called the cuiluhuexi [kwi-lu-HYU-shi]. One ritual dedicated to this god involved the killing and eating of amaranth-paste idols, and his titles include \"Ninth Lord of the Night\". This god served as the third of the five suns, while his sister was the salt goddess Huixtocihuatl [hwi-shto-ki-HWA-tl]. After Tezcatlipoca abducted his first wife, Xochiquetzal [sho-chi-KET-zal], he fathered Tecciztecatl [tek-kiz-te-CAHT-l] with Chalchiuhtlicue [chal-chi-OO-tli-kyu]. For 10 points, identify this deity who governed the souls of the drowned and who demanded child sacrifices, the Aztec god of rain.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45b1cdb893b14324bd35c1433388591c",
            "input": "According to one legend from this religion, its founder's eyelids became the first tea plant after he cut\\n them off in anger. A record of the early history of this religion is known as the Records of the Transmission\\n of the Lamp. Important figures in this religion's history include Mahakasyapa, who wordlessly understood\\n a sermon. Its major sects include Obaku, Soto, and Rinzai, and its adherents seek Satori. The founder of\\n this religion took a famous journey to the east, where he visited the emperor and spent nine years staring at\\n a cave wall. Bodhidharma's teachings and the \"Flower Sermon\" are foundational teachings of, for 10\\n points, what contemplative sect of Buddhism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f4ab84287fe4708a97da557d7785cbc",
            "input": "Work on a Uranium-Germanium compound by Saxena et al. showed evidence for their formulation by spin fluctuation rather than the method originally proposed. Their individual components can be isolated by passing them through Luttinger liquids such as carbon nanotubes, even while those particles remain coupled, and they were recently found to exist in thin sheets of supercooled bismuth, which acts as an insulator. Experimental support for their existence was observed when the critical temperature of mercury changed with varying isotopes. Existing due to phonon exchange, for 10 points, identify these sets of entangled electrons which are central to the BCS theory.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d59f75577df84be4a6e8850568d8b964",
            "input": "In a Rudyard Kipling story, a hairdresser named Humberstall relates his membership in a secret society dedicated to this person. David Lassman wrote a 2007 article chronicling his anonymous submissions of this author's work to publishers, who nearly universally rejected it. Prominent naval officers like Admiral Croft appear in a novel by this author in which Louisa Musgrove suffers a concussion on a seaside staircase at Lyme Regis and the protagonist reunites with Captain (*) Wentworth. This pioneer of free indirect discourse and creator of Anne Elliot wrote a novel which opens with the line \"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife,\" and ends with the betrothal of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. For 10 points, name this author of Persuasion and Pride and Prejudice.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bebfe57cdb584fcc86773c7b769157ba",
            "input": "An important document of this artist's creative process is his red chalk and silverpoint sketch before a portrait of Jacob Meyer and his wife. His Passion Scenes are found in the Basel Town Hall, and this creator of the Solothum Altarpiece also did a woodcut series about the Dance of Death. Texts he illustrated include the German Bible translation made by Martin Luther and In Praise of Folly, and this painter of Madonna of Burgomaster Meyer also painted portraits of such figures as Thomas More and Henry VIII. In another of his works, a bird, a frustrum, a lute, two globes, and an elongated skull adorn the room where the titular diplomats stand. For 10 points, name this painter of The French Ambassadors.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-68beb1186ff3471fa33f123975fd56f4",
            "input": "One system of their classification divides them into minor, replication-dependent, and replication-independent types. In the lab, they are isolated by cleavage of the source material followed by salt elution in a hydroxyapatite column. They never contain tryptophan and are usually rich in lysine and arginine. A type found in Euryarchaea may be the evolutionary precursor to those found in eukaryotes. Four of their classes form an octameric nucleosome, while the linker or H1 type regulates the formation of thirty-nanometer fibers. FTP, name this class of proteins which forms chromatin when DNA coils around them.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8c7729daa4c41f79a3cdc0e71d6a656",
            "input": "This enzyme is degraded by the actions of victorin and the DNA-binding aspartic acid peptidase CND41, but is forced into a proteolysis-resistant state by the binding of its inhibitor CA1P. It is usually localized to to pyrenoids, and a lysine residue on it is carbamated by its namesake activase, which allows the positioning of a critical magnesium molecule. Phosphoglycolate is a side product of this enzyme, whose slow speed and penchant for leading to photorespiration is counteracted by PEP carboxylase in some organisms. FTP, name this enzyme, the most abundant protein on earth, that catalyzes a major step in the Calvin cycle by attaching a carbon dioxide molecule to Ribulose bisphosphate.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5324376b8ede4948afd5f5464dd8897f",
            "input": "He's not Eudoxus, but he names a property stating that there exists a natural number greater than a given real number. This author of The Sand Reckoner created an odometer for use in the First Punic War. He used a form of infinite series to calculate the area enclosed by a parabola and line. He created a namesake screw to move water and stated that the weight of a fluid displaced by an object equals the buoyant force on that object. For 10 points, name this Greek thinker who apocryphally defended Syracuse with a death ray.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d0f9a6e4a594768ade40bdf8f3fbe60",
            "input": "[RF] \"Folks, I'm telling you,/Birthing is hard/And Dying is mean/So get yourself/Some loving in between\", he writes in \"Advice\", while \"To fling my arms wide/In some place of the sun\" begins his \"Dream Variations\". \"They'll see how beautiful I am/And be ashamed\" he concludes in \"I, Too\". \"Go home and write/a page tonight./And let that page come out of you/Then, it will be true. \" says the instructor in his \"Theme for English B,\" while \"Droning a drowsy syncopated tune/Rocking back and forth to a mellow croon\" begins his \"The Weary Blues\". His most famous works contain the lines \"Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun\" and \"My soul has grown deep like the rivers\". For 10 points, name African-American poet of \"Harlem\" and \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f39801534b6b4263ac4b3fbcad6e8b7d",
            "input": "This thinker's work on perception can be summed up into a form of phenomenalism which views all perceptions aas statements about actual and possible \"sense-contents,\" which was sharply critiqued in Sense and Sensibilia. This thinker claimed that inductance would do better to assume that the unobserved was like the observed than to assume uniformity of nature. In addition to writing The Central Questions of Philosophy, this thinker defined knowledge in terms of \"the right to be sure,\" which he outlined mathematically in his work The Problem of Knowledge, and he attacked similar problems in The Conception of Probability as a Logical Relation. \" In his best known work, this thinker claimed that in phrases like \"P is true,\" the words \"is true\" are logically superfluous, and he held that strong evidence was necessary for all non-tautological statements. For ten points, identify this philosopher best known for his pioneering work Language, Truth, and Logic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f2cf1593ae24ddfbc345e599dcb992a",
            "input": "The Ohnesorge number divides the viscosity by the square root of the product of length, density, and this quantity; the Weber number is proportional to one over it. The Lippman-Young equation states that the change in contact angle of a drop on a substrate is also proportional to one over this quantity. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and sodium dodecyl sulfate both reduce this quantity, which is a result of cohesive forces among molecules of liquid. Often denoted with a lowercase gamma and expressed in newtons per meter, for 10 points, name this property of liquids which can be reduced by surfactants and allows small insects to walk on water.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01da0c9b1f5743e2b540fb4b2af6395f",
            "input": "One modern group in this phylum possessing single-branched appendages is called Uniramia. Different body plan arrangements in members of this phylum are called tagmata, and members of this phylum possess an excretory system consisting of hemolymph-bathed channels called (*) Malphigian tubules. Members of this phylum may possess ocelli or ommatidia for visual perception. A waxy outer layer helps protect these creatures' inner \"procuticle,\" the chitin-containing layers of their exoskeletons. Members of this phylum also possess jointed appendages and a three-segment body plan. For 10 points, name this phylum that includes crabs, spiders, and insects.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38b9ad6519b143d795df816ccb71a7a2",
            "input": "One character in this work promises to retire when his unpaid bills reach fifty-thousand dollars , and at the end of this novel, another character proudly displays his false teeth, A girl seeks medicine for an abortion but is tricked by a clerk who plans to rape her, and Preacher Whitfield is revealed to be the father of another character. That character escapes from Mr. Gillespie's barn while his brother burns it down, and Vernon Tull's bridge washes out in another scene. This forces the central family to cross a ford where Cash narrowly escapes drowning, and one chapter consists of Vardaman saying \"My mother is a fish. \" FTP, identify this novel in which Jewel, Darl, and the rest of the Bundren family take their mother Addie to Jefferson to bury her, written by William Faulkner.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d1321a332014307b8a3a177a5c11c85",
            "input": "This man supported South African mining operations with his newspaper The Representative. He wrote the political novels Coningsby and Tancred, as well as the romance Vivien Grey. This leader used a Rothschild loan to buy forty- four percent of the Suez Canal Company. Unlike his rival, he supported the Second Reform Bill. He was a close friend of Queen Victoria, and created her Empress of India with the 1876 Royal Titles Act. For 10 points, name this British Prime Minister, a Conservative rival of William Gladstone whose surname reflects his Jewish ancestry.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-accbd3f57d864bbfbbdc58bc3c1f521c",
            "input": "By processing one etching through four stages, this artist created a curtain of light that illuminates the good thief but casts the bad thief in shadow, as part of one of his best known drypoints. This artist included a hazily rendered flute player in the background of a work whose title figure wears a twelve-pointed black broach on his golden cloak, has a crown above his turban, and knocks over a chalice in shock. That painting by this artist of The Three Crosses shows a hand emerging out of a smoke to show golden Hebrew letters illuminated on the wall. A large textbook is propped open in the corner of a painting by this man in which the corpse of Aris Kindt is being studied by Nicolaes Tulp. For 10 points, name this Dutch Baroque painter of Belshazzar's Feast, The Anatomy Lesson, and the massive Night Watch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f88977bce0e4d4491f081efb2ebc1ad",
            "input": "One grandson of this deity is Kon the Young. This god was once wounded by a thrown severed head, leading \"head of [this god]\" to become a figurative phrase meaning \"sword.\" He transformed himself and hid among seals to recover a magic necklace and is conflated with a deity who slept with three women to father the first thrall, peasant, and noble among mankind in the form of (*) Rig. This deity owns the sword Hofund. This gold-toothed rider of the horse Gulltoppr is the son of nine mothers and is able to hear grass grow. For 10 points, name this guardian of Bifrost who will blow the Gjallarhorn to announce Ragnarok.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6180955a4274bd9a85d2e342ba61b38",
            "input": "He wrote pieces of music like Before a Southern Convent and Landsighting based on the works of the 1903 winner of the Nobel Literature Prize, as Twelve Melodies for the Poetry of A.O. Vinje [VIN-yeh], which reflects his use of both Romanticism and the music of his native country. From his home near Hardanger [HAR-dan-gher], he composed the Holberg Suite, and later gained recognition for his 66 Lyrical Pieces, but is best remembered for his Piano Concerto in A Minor and incidental music to a play about a young rake written by Henrik Ibsen. FTP, name this Norwegian composer famous for Morning and In the Hall of the Mountain King from Peer Gynt.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a5700089f4d4369a52178d14dcd8cf0",
            "input": "This artist portrayed his most famous painting on the wall in a painting with three nude figures changing, and he followed that with a work in which a trombone player stands in the light of the acetylene lamps. In addition to The Models and The Side Show, this artist portrayed his friend Charles Angrand in the first row with a silk hat in an unfinished painting based on a work of the Goncourt brothers called The Circus. A brown dog sits behind a reclining man in a brown hat, both of which are facing the river in Bathers at Asnieres, five figures of which can be found in his most famous work looking across the Seine to the title location. FTP, name this French pointillist artist who also painted a work which contains a monkey on a leash, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28baa44cfa7f4b8c9c5005648967e8a0",
            "input": "It is prefaced with a quote placing Venus as both Hesperus, the evening star, and the morning star - a quote by Plato. The thirty-sixth stanza makes an allusion to Leigh Hunt's mentoring, and the forty-sixth stanza makes reference to Chatterton, Sidney, and Lucan in echoing the poem's intent. Its fifty-fifth and final stanza ends with the claim that the soul of the title character, \"like a star, / Beacons from the abode where the Eternal are. \"  Written in 1821, the year of its subject's death, FTP, name this elegy on the death of John Keats composed by Percy Shelley.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46ca63d456814eb5bb432f978f1f4342",
            "input": "Thomas Patch popularized this man's most famous work in a series of engravings and brought plaster casts of it to England. His autobiography and other assorted writings, which included notes on optics, were collected in his Commentarii, and he was an avid collector of classical sculptures such as the \"Bed of Polyclitus. \" More famous is this man's work on the shrine of St. Zenobius, as well as statues of John the Baptist, Matthew, and Stephen, while his most famous creations depict scenes such as the visit of the Queen of Sheba and the drunkenness of Noah. Famous for winning a competition against Jacopo della Quercia and Fillippe Brunelleschi, FTP, name this architect who depicted the sacrifice of Isaac on the \"gates of paradise\" for the Florence baptistry.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7906ba6bf07c4304a7cb237065fa749b",
            "input": "Alexander Calder's \"La Grande Voile\" was built primarily as a wind block to protect one of this man's buildings. This man used blocky geometric designs to imitate traditional Middle Eastern architecture in his work on Doha's Museum of Modern Art, and created a simple tent-like shape for his Luce Memorial Chapel. He designed the tallest five-sided building in the world, the monolithic JPMorgan Chase Tower in Houston, and assisted his son in the design for UCLA Medical Center. This designer of MIT's Green Building turned over to James Freed and Henry (*) Cobb much of the work on the recent NASCAR Hall of Fame building. This architect used deep setbacks and triangular bracings to protect the Bank of China Tower from Shanghai winds. One of his buildings includes a cantilevered theater over Lake Eerie and an orthogonal tower which rises next to one of his trademark features. That feature was also included by this architect as the entranceway to an underground portion of a famous museum. Noted for designing Clevleland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, FTP, name this creator of a glass pyramid at the Louvre, a prominent Chinese-American architect.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9cdb76c8e093484cacd26afdfdd9dbb4",
            "input": "He may have suggested Wang Lung use his daughter Diao Chan to bring down a mutual rival, and before the discovery of the Yinqueshan Han Strips, this man's commentaries on The Art of War served as its primary source material. After leading the campaigns against (*) Dong Zhuo, he used emperor Xian to support his wars in the north, which led to victory of Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu. Despite drastically outnumbering Sun Quan and Liu Bei, this man lost the Battle of Red Cliffs, dooming his Kingdom of Wei to mismanagement. For 10 points, identify this figure of China's Three Kingdom's period, considered the epitome of ruthless cunning in Chinese history.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e06780886d19497797d022f404728436",
            "input": "This author wrote a novel in which the United States is ruled by the tyrannical Buzz Windrip. In another novel by this author of It Can't Happen Here, the shooting of Zilla by her husband Paul Riesling causes Myra's husband to resent his middle-class lifestyle. This man created the fictional city of Zenith, Winnemac, the home of the minister Elmer Gantry. In another of his novels, Erik Valborg has an affair with Carol Kennicott, who grows dissatisfied with Gopher Prairie, Minnesota. For 10 points, name this author of Main Street and Babbitt.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dfa09a6726714c669c76befaef0f7646",
            "input": "He created the International Congress of American states while holding his most important position, and his namesake \"amendment\" attempted to forbid the government from funding any religious school with public funds. His financial transactions with the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroads were detailed in a series of correspondences with Warren Fisher Jr, which were later released by James Mulligan. Ingersoll referred to him as the \"Plumed Knight\" during his party's convention, and he blamed Reverend Burchards accusation of Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion for his and John Logans defeat in the 1884 presidential election. FTP, name this longtime Republican senator and two-time Secretary of State, a certain Continental Liar from the state of Maine.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5772b8350ee44d3aa9f6216213747f54",
            "input": "This deity is said to cause earthquakes when he writhes in pain because of the poison dripped on him by a snake. He took the form of a mare to give birth to the eight-legged horse Sleipnir. He is the father of the wolf Fenrir, Hel, and the Midgard Serpent. He tricked the blind Hod into killing his brother Baldur with a bow and arrow. He will kill and be killed by Heimdall at Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this trickster from Norse mythology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52496af4356f42c3a09ae5efcb105256",
            "input": "This lawyer presented the argument that \"a law cannot exceed the authority of the lawgiver\" in a case involving the selling of D.C. lottery tickets in another state, Cohens v. Virginia. Later, he negotiated a treaty that helped mediate the Caroline Affair. This lawyer argued against a state's right to tax a federal bank in (*) McCulloch v Maryland. He served as Secretary of State under William Henry Harrison and John Tyler and during his time in office negotiated a treaty that settled the border of Maine. This man's \"Second Reply to Robert Hayne\" during the Nullification Crisis contains the famous phrase, \"Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!\" For 10 points, name this noted orator, a senator from Massachusetts.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db29f6d94ff64afbab73bc598b068f4a",
            "input": "This man painted the seminal favorite Old Woman Cooking Eggs. For ten points each: [10] Identify this Spanish artist perhaps better known for his paintings of Spanish royals and also for The Maids of Honor.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6abccdfdaa44c4bb63af9d90da28c8d",
            "input": "In 406, they crossed the Rhine and ravaged Gaul, before settling in Spain in 409. There, the Asdingi group under Gunderic became the ascendant faction after the Romans dissipated the Silingi and Alani. In 439 Gaiseric established an independent autocracy in North Africa, and from there he led this people to sack Rome in 455. FTP these barbarians and militant Arian Christians.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fa183812cdb49219e91ae95bda7b206",
            "input": "21 (Tiebreaker): Opponents of this war who were called \"Blue Lights\" due to their supposed support of enemy ships included Fisher Ames and George Cabot and were known as the Essex Junto. Winfield Scott was captured at the Battle of(*) Queenston Heights in this war's Niagara Campaign, and, although one side won the Battle of Bladensburg, they failed to capture Ft. McHenry. The Battle of New Orleans occurred two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent ended this war. For 10 points, name this war between the US and Great Britain, named for the year in which it began.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a38054836f84886a7717880b7758f73",
            "input": "This composer included a Prelude, a Sarabande, a Gavotte, an Air, and a Rigaudon in his five-part suite \"in the olden style\" based on eighteenth-century dances. He wrote ten volumes containing sixty-six short pieces for solo piano that include \"To Spring,\" \"Butterfly,\" and a work depicting a \"Wedding Day\" at his own home in Bergen. His piano concerto was influenced by Robert Schumann's piece in the same genre and is also in the key of A minor. This composer of the Holberg Suite and Lyric Pieces wrote incidental music that includes the pieces \"Morning Mood\" and \"In the Hall of the Mountain King.\" For 10 points, name this composer of the Peer Gynt Suite.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-afdc716d37314c53af7d31c4b37c0aa0",
            "input": "statement implies that for the liquid drop model, isotopes with unequal numbers of protons and neutrons will have a lower binding energy that decreases with the square of the number difference. This statement can be mathematically represented by determinants composed of spin orbitals, which change sign upon permutation of rows. Another consequence of it is the electron degeneracy pressure that supports the formation of white dwarfs, and it implies that electrons occupying the same orbital must have opposite spins. For 10 points, identify this statement which implies that no two fermions can possess the same quantum numbers, developed by an Austria physicist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bad80fe575cf49a4bbeecc5adb2d7b59",
            "input": "These cytokines were first recognized in 1957 by Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindenmann. The beta, or fibroblast varieties, are made by skin cells; white blood cells make the alpha varieties. The gamma varieties are made by lymphocytes after antigen stimulation and are also called interleukins. For ten points, what class of compounds inhibits the transcription of viral nucleic acid, thus giving them their name.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c79b25ae77dc4eec975a1459f72a00cf",
            "input": "In the current model, it is held to be mediated by the exchange of intermediate vector bosons. It is only known to occur between leptons and in the decay of hadrons, and is responsible for the beta decay of particles and nuclei. 10 to the 30th times stronger than gravity, FTP, what is this fundamental interaction whose name indicates its relationship to the electromagnetic and strong forces",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fdd73466574f4349af3d1912f91ca5fc",
            "input": "One character in this work foils the ambitions of William by hiring the \"hedge-priest\" Sir Oliver Martext to marry him to his love Audrey. Another character in it writes a series of poems to his love interest which he pins on trees after earlier throwing the wrestler Charles. The shepherds Phebe and Silvius are among those married by Hymen in this play. Its protagonists disguised themselves as Aliena and Ganymede and moved to the Forest of Arden to escape the usurper Duke Frederick. For 10 points, identify this play which contains Jaques's \"All the world's a stage\" speech and ends with the marriages of Oliver and Orlando to Celia and Rosalind.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43b26b0c4c744219a4aa9799a5c8bf1d",
            "input": "His First Piano Concerto was originally dedicated to his mentor, who dismissed it as unplayable, so he dedicated it instead to Hans von Bulow, who conducted its premiere. That mentor Nikolay Rubensteins death inspired his Piano Trio, arguably the only major work between his Violin Concerto and the Manfred Symphony. The horn and bassoon opening theme of his Fourth Symphony is said to represent fate hanging over one's head like a sword, while he claimed to have put [his] whole soul into his Sixth Symphony, which premiered nine days before his death from either suicide or cholera. FTP name this Russian composer of Eugene Onegin and the Nutcracker suite.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-df111603508740f6a33d85ab557056e3",
            "input": "One fateful morning, the protagonist awakes feeling \"completely spattered with bird shit,\" and grabs Divina Flor, the daughter of his kitchen servant, by the pussy. His troubles had begun a day earlier when the wealthy Bayardo San Roman returns his apparently impure bride to her mother Pura, who deals her a savage beating. Angela Vicario then fingers the protagonist as the man who deflowered her, whereupon her twin brothers Pablo and Pedro stab him to death. The death of Santiago Nasar, FTP, is foreshadowed by the narrator of what novel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2fd732c7c9be4c1cbedda0f75cb21d5f",
            "input": "The husband of the title character of this literary work is a scholar writing a book about the domestic handicrafts of Brabant in the Middle Ages. A recurring theme is the desire to \"die beautifully\", and is first seen when the protagonist uses her power over her husband's academic rival Eilert Lovborg to convince him to commit suicide, after which Judge Brack tries to blackmail the title character into sleeping with him. FTP, this is a brief description of what play named for the female protagonist, written by Henrik Ibsen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-543aa5c845104b658ecba10c78bf62f4",
            "input": "This work's narrator takes on a job previously held by a Dane named Fresleven who died in a dispute over some hens. The narrator of this work notes that \"the snake had charmed me\" in reference to a map he pored over as a child. A Russian assistant to this work's protagonist is called \"Harlequin\" because of his multicolored clothing. Another character in this work paints a dark portrait of his fiance and ends a report with the line \"Exterminate all the Brutes!\" This work takes place aboard the Nellie as Charles Marlow describes a man whose lasts words were \"The horror, the horror!\" For 10 points, name this work by Joseph Conrad about a voyage up the Congo to find Kurtz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46e695bed0684966947eb6e3ee72b0cf",
            "input": "Painted in Dusseldorf in 1851, this work was such an immediate success that it brought its German-born American artist a commission to paint a mural for the United States Capitol, which culminated in 1860's Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way. Land can be seen on the left, and a man struggles with an ice floe, while other boats are visible in the right background. Identify this painting by Emanuel Leutze, whose title figure assumes a determined stance in a portrayal of, FTP, an event from Christmas Eve of 1776.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c1308ca0df44518b3c811969b9e803b",
            "input": "A protein associated with this molecule is compartmentalized by AKAP. This molecule names the regulatory sequence TGACGTCA. In olfactory sensory neurons, this molecule causes a depolarizing flux of sodium and calcium ions by activating CNG channels. Most of the effects of this molecule are mediated by a certain kinase to whose two regulatory units it binds, releasing its two catalytic subunits; that kinase is protein kinase A. In the liver and muscle, its formation stimulated by epinephrine, which enhances glycogenolysis. Like a related molecule that contains guanosine, it is cleaved by phosphodiesterases. It was discovered by Earl Sutherland. For 10 points, name this secondary messenger that is synthesized from ATP by adenylyl cyclase.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3618f8300cdf47fabcaab7395e589010",
            "input": "In an important experiment, its beta subunits were bonded to nickel on a glass surface, and an actin filament attached to its gamma subunit was observed. Its mechanism was elucidated in an experiment when sunlight was shone towards artifical vesicles containing bacteriorhodopsin, and it is inhibited by DCCD and oligomycin. The gamma subunit of the F0 rotates as protons pass through, and the proton motive force releases the product of this enzyme. For 10 points, identify this enzyme present in the mitochondrion, which uses chemiosmosis to catalyze the production of a high energy molecule by phophorylating ADP.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1854c6888a8a499f8a6178423fd43998",
            "input": "One painting shows the artist as this character clasping a young lady on a white sheet, and was painted shortly after the artists model Wally left him. Another painting shows him holding an arrow and peering through an open door while the other title character ignores an angel in favor of a purse, and a third painting shows him herding people through a trap door marked with a cross. In another painting, a cobra watches him riding the wrong way around a racetrack, and an engraving shows him holding an hourglass while the first title character steadfastly ignores him and the pig-snouted third title character. For 10 points, name this character who was depicted by Bosch with the Miser, by Schiele with the Maiden, by Drer with a knight and a devil, and by Ryder on a Pale Horse.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6f2eefa76404bdb89b73bd7a5ee67db",
            "input": "Based on Plautus's Aulularia, it tells the story of a rich widower who meddles in his childrens affairs with an eye towards increasing his own wealth. He chooses an old man for his daughter Elise's groom, because he requires no dowry, and chooses his son Cleante's beloved Mariane for himself. His greed shows itself, however, when Cleante steals his fathers money box, and ransoms it for Mariane's hand. This is, FTP, what comedy about the stingy Harpagon, written by Moliere.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-750c57bc7cf44742bd67e3377ee23185",
            "input": "One section of this work tells of a blacksmith and a carpenter who are \"wasting their time feeding on ashes\" since they refuse to acknowledge that \"there is no God\" but God himself. The last third of this book contains four poems that about a \"suffering servant\" of the Lord. Another part of this book describes a figure who \"took up our pain and bore our sufferings\". In the sixth chapter of this work, the narrator is visited by fiery angels who cleanse his (*) mouth of wickedness with a hot coal, after which this book's narrator volunteers himself as a prophet to Israel. This book describes a voice \"crying out in the wilderness\" in this book predicts the coming one born of a young girl called \"Immanuel\". For 10 points, name this major prophetical book of the Old Testament that foretells the coming of Christ.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b2b7df6509f447fb2fc8bb5f5bbce24",
            "input": "These functionalities can be quantitatively detected using Ellman's reagent, and they are produced from aromatic compounds containing para amino and chloro groups by the Herz reaction. They can also be produced by acid hydrolysis of Bunte salts. Like their oxidation products, they produce hydrocarbons in the presence of Raney nickel with no additional hydrogen gas. Like their oxygen-containing counterparts, they can react via a mechanism similar to Williamson synthesis, though they were earlier known for their ability to complex with a mercury atom instead of the hydrogen atom. For 10 points, name these compounds that are oxidized to disulfides, the sulfur-containing analog of alcohols.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d18bcd76264b46d0a0649d1714449ed2",
            "input": "This composer's early struggles ended with the publication of his Moravian Duets. He experienced great success with his less-ambitious works like the Scherzo Capriccioso and the Gypsy Songs, but his 10 operas, including Rusalka, were less successful. Although he composed the American String Quartet and the Dumky Trio, today he is known for introducing folk melodies into classical music, notably in the Slavonic Dances. FTP, who was this great Bohemian composer whose 9th symphony is known as the New World Symphony",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-754fe031bf214568a2b7b9219a3c54ec",
            "input": "While studying in Germany, the protagonist of this novel encounters Weeks, whose knowledge of Greek literature shames Heyward. The protagonist attempts to befriend Miss Price while studying art in France, and loses his virginity to Miss Wilkinson. The protagonist befriends Thorpe Athelney after a long period of poverty partially caused by his destructive relationship with the waitress Mildred, and eventually becomes a doctor. For 10 points, name this novel about the club-footed Philip Carey, written by William Somerset Maugham.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb6d4aff57754a2795d807303a4a3b38",
            "input": "This man names an energy value for which the coupling constant of a quantum field blows up to infinity, which is his namesake pole. He also developed a solution to the Vlasov equation by treating it as in initial value problem which allowed the calculation of energy transfer in plasmas, and thus describes the collisionless damping of electrostatic waves. He proposed that neutrinos are formed from two different component spinors and discovered a phenomenological explanation for various second-order phase transitions such as that of the ferromagnetic transition. Noteworthy for predicting the superfluidity of helium below the lambda point, for 10 points, name this physicist who along with Ginzburg developed a model of superconductivity",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-878cfda6fafb4a87827f85a0d0baba2b",
            "input": "This philosopher's accomplishments include the first recorded diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease, which he described in his text General Medicine. In his Decisive Treatise on the Agreement Between Religious Law and Philosophy and his Examination of the Methods of Proof Concerning the Doctrines of Religion, this philosopher drew the ire of the mutakallimun with his argument that only metaphysicians skilled in the use of syllogisms could properly interpret Shar'iah Islamic law. He responded to Al-Ghazali's attack on the philosophy of Avicenna, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, with his own work The Incoherence of the Incoherence. FTP, name this medieval Arab philosopher known for his commentaries on the work of Aristotle.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c944cd9446754a43a5c556310ffd1cac",
            "input": "One character in this work misses her meeting with the DAR after stopping to check on her daughter's   progress at typing school. Another character in this play earns the nickname \"Shakespeare\" for his  avid love of literature. That character, Tom, goes to the movies every night, much to his mother's   dismay. In this play, the central family awaits the arrival of Jim O'Connor, a potential suitor for a  disabled girl who is concerned about the title objects. Name this play in which Amanda is worried  about the well-being of her daughter Laura Wingfield, a work by Tennessee Williams",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5ba3815edc44c5091cc5688c0be6556",
            "input": "One character in this novel gets her fiance a gift of a turtle with her initials encrusted in diamonds on its shell. The protagonist meets two prostitutes, who he nicknames \"The Death's Head\" and \"The Sickly Child,\" during his trip to Ma Mayfield's \"Old Hundredth,\" which ends badly when Boy Mulcaster gets arrested for drunk driving and Rex Mottram has to bail them out of jail. The deathbed repentance of Lord Marchmain leads the protagonist to end his affair with Julia Flyte. For 10 points, name this novel in which Sebastian first brings Charles Ryder to the titular Catholic estate, written by Evelyn Waugh.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b753899e00848f5aaf050c476e28b26",
            "input": "\"Lulu lies spread-eagled on the table, Stanley bent over her. Stanley, as the torchlight hits him, begins to giggle. Goldberg and McCann move towards him. He backs against the hatch, giggling. The torch draws closer. His giggle rises and grows as he flattens himself against the wall. Their figures converge upon him. \"  FTP, name the play that ends with this stage direction, a tale of ritual murder by Harold Pinter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f648d5bff8ae4ab2b5cb2ba36daf312d",
            "input": "A journey down this river is the subject of Between the Woods and the Water by Patrick Leigh Fermor. Before flooding due to a hydroelectric project, this river's small island of Ada Kaleh was home to a large Turkish population. In 2000, tributaries of this river were affected by a huge cyanide spill from a gold mine near Baia Mare. This river is home to Europe's largest binational hydroelectric dam at the Iron Gate. A major canal links this river to the Main. The Regen flows into this river at Regensburg, and its other tributaries include the Sava and the Tisza. Before the construction of the Szechenyi Chain Bridge, this river divided the twin cities of Buda and Pest. For 10 points, name this river that flows past Belgrade and Vienna and empties into the Black Sea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-df1b1024e68f41bd88cc8deebf4af134",
            "input": "A rake lies at the bottom of this work, and a fluffy white dog to the right of it peeks over a bridge. Gabriel Doyen was initially asked to paint this work's subject, but refused and passed on the commission. A stone cupid observes to the left of the central figure in this painting, while two more cupids observe from the right. The central figure's lover (*) hides in the bushes at the bottom of this painting and gazes lewdly as her husband pushes the title device unawares. For 10 points, Jean-Honore Fragonard painted a girl with a billowing pink dress kicking her shoe off while riding the titular device in what masterpiece of the Rococo style",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c1dc9f5aeaa41e4832ed5af4f8f899c",
            "input": "This god was sometimes required to appear in Duat, where he achieved his most important task. Some myths attribute the birth of Khepri to this god, who was believed to intervene on both sides of mortal battle so that neither side could attain true victory. He sometimes attained the aspect of A'an, which required him to don a baboon's head, and this god is responsible for mediating the conflict between Heru-Bektet and Set, as well as between Ra and Apep. The masculine counterpart to Seshat, this god notably bet with Khonsu and won part of the moon's light, and during the process of judging for the afterlife, this god weighed the hearts of mortals against the feather of truth, or Ma'at. For ten points, identify this Egyptian god, who invented writing and had the head of an ibis.\r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b8e6c788a8d745939a7feb6f0338e4e1",
            "input": "His early theory of evolution led to Galen labeling him the founder of Italian medicine. A native of Acragas, he had been expelled from the Pythagorean order for \"stealing discourses. \"  Of his original written works the poem Katharmoi is one of only two extant. In his philosophy he proposed cycles of Love and Strife that would join and separate the natural makeup of the world. FTP, name this Greek philosopher, who might have thrown himself into Mt. Etna and believed that matter was made up of fire, water, earth, and air.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21229ae6677240228b5d5dffc7bc1522",
            "input": "He served as a militia captain in Indian conflicts, although it is said that he received his first paints from Indian friends in Springfield, Pennsylvania. He painted religious and historical subjects on huge canvases, such as Agrippina Landing at Brundisium with the Ashes of Germanicus, and anticipated developments in French romantic painting with his Death on a Pale Horse. For ten points, name this court artist of George III, who painted the Death of General Wolfe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-496aa6054b0343418cd4fa2cf5b04a89",
            "input": "Admirals in the service of this man included Dragut and Khair ad Din, the latter of which was victorious at the Battle of Preveza, giving this ruler mastery over the eastern Mediterranean. On his eastern borders,he fought a war sparked by the treachery of the Governor of Bitlis, eventually defeating Shah Tahmasp I and taking control of Baghdad. On his western borders, he supported the pretender John Zapolya as the successor to Louis II, whom this mans armies had killed. At home, he employed the architect Sinan and instituted land reforms which earned him the nickname of Kanuni  the lawgiver. For ten points, name this Ottoman Sultan better known as The Magnificent.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fc7b16d9d164308b21fa9102df4f6c1",
            "input": "A nymph raped by this god had her wish granted to become a male warrior, and he fathered twins while disguised as Enipeus. Alongside his nephew, this god helped build the walls of Troy. He fathered a horse able to speak with his sister while in the form of a stallion. Erechtheus was the emissary of this god, who slept with Aethra on the same night as Aegeus and may have fathered Theseus. This husband of Amphitrite cursed Odysseus's voyage home after Odysseus blinded his son Polyphemus. For 10 points, name this Greek god of seas and earthquakes who wields a trident.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e40c23a5ede4a91abcf9746f3f89077",
            "input": "One character in this work goes on a tirade about people named Patel and idolizes Jerry Graf's savvy. Mitch and Murray are unseen bosses in this work, in which one character cant shut up about Harriett and Bruce Nyborg, leading another to state Fuck the machine. Much of the action takes place within a Chinese restaurant, where one character converses with a sap named James Lingk. Dave Mosss scheme to steal premium leads from Williamson to win the first prize of a new Cadillac at the office contest gets Shelley Levene fired from the real estate firm that Richard Roma works at in, FTP, what play by David Mamet",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e56a6b3b79244892a5e810d87f758c19",
            "input": "This thinker wrote that God enables us to know God only through teaching us the \"absolute difference\" of sin, thus producing the \"absolute paradox\" of thought. This thinker described the unwillingness to believe in the self and God's plan for the self as the title form of despair, in a work written under the pseudonym Johannes Climacus. He attached to his Philosophical Fragments a Concluding Unscientific Postscript. He contrasted the Knight of Faith with the Knight of Infinite Resignation in a work that discusses the sacrifice of Isaac by Abraham. For 10 points, name this author of The Sickness unto Death and Fear and Trembling, a Danish existentialist philosopher.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc5dbf947d0e4cbcac1563518b11fe0e",
            "input": "A version of this process that only occurs in prokaryotes is known as the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Hexokinase is involved in the first step of the preparatory phase of this pathway, and during the pay-off phase a net gain of (*) 2 NADH and 2 ATP molecules is achieved by this pathway. For 10 points, name this common metabolic pathway that produces pyruvate from glucose.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-774aeeadb60f40908580f701ec62bc3c",
            "input": "This author wrote of fictionalized accounts of real criminals in A Universal History of Infamy and described 120 mythical beasts in Book of Imaginary Beings. One work by this author describes an artifact that can reveal the entire universe at once; that work is \"El Aleph\". One of his short stories sees a structure of infinite hexagonal rooms, while another tells the murder of Dr. Albert by Yu Tsun. For 10 points, identify this author of \"The Library of Babel\" and \"The Garden of Forking Paths,\" which are collected in his Ficciones.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b36583115084155b8fab7f759a9c4a3",
            "input": "Dasius Altinius, who betrayed the city of Arpi to Hannibal, claimed descent from this man. Following the blasphemous speech of Acmon, several of this man's companions were turned into \"snowy swans. \" Kometes, the son of Sthenelos, took over this man's kingdom as part of a plot with his wife Aigialeia, prompting him to found a new city, Argyripa, in Italy. Like Sthenelos, he was a member of the Epigonoi's expedition against Thebes to avenge their fathers. During his aristeia in Book V of the Iliad, this son of Tydeus wounded both Aphrodite and Ares with the help of his patron, Athena. FTP, identify these great Greek hero, who shares his name with the Thracian owner of man-eating horses stolen by Hercules.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a23bb20e8e284ed9bebb07ff69e112b9",
            "input": "He incorporated Eastern ideas, free-jazz tendencies and boundless energy in such pieces as My Favorite Things, Sun Ship and Meditations. His first jazz recordings were with Dizzy Gillespie's band; he joined the original Miles Davis Quintet in 1955, but was booted because of heroin addiction two years later. He then quit heroin, had a religious awakening and rejoined Miles Davis in early 1958. He would leave, however, to form his own quartet. For 10 points-name this tenor saxophonist whose masterwork was 1964's A Love Supreme.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-75e59ab424f044c59590446fd57082b0",
            "input": "His last major accomplishment was a filming trip with his field assistant, Julia Averkieva, when he was 70 years old. With Ella Delora he coauthored Dakota Grammar a far cry from his first publication, Growth of Children. His most famous work was done amongst the Kwakiutl Indians and during his excursions to Baffin Island. These resulted in works like The Mind of the Primitive Man and the respect of students like Edward Sapir and Ruth Benedict. FTP, name this founder of American anthropology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e960610a1cd418ab84a4cfa8113bc34",
            "input": "This country's central region is dominated by the Bi plateau, and major cities include Luena, Malanje, and Uiga. Major ethnic groups include the Kimbundu and Makongo. The Cunene forms a southern border of this country, while the Kasai and Kwango rivers form part of the boundary with its neighbor to the north. Huambo and Namibe are other large cities, and after achieving independence in 1975, it collapsed into a bloody and lengthy civil war between the pro-Soviet MPLA and the US-backed UNITA separatists. For 10 points, name the African country that has been at fragile peace since 2002 while also struggling to maintain control of Cabinda, with a capital at Luanda.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0950d65071f84095bfc236d553808dbf",
            "input": "His widow, the painter Valetta Swann, finished his posthumously published Scientific Theory of Culture. He emphasized the importance of daily interaction with his subjects over structured interviews and was the first person to document the kula exchange of Papua New Guinea, while his studies in Melanesia and the Trobriand Islands led to his founding of the functionalist school. He also wrote the introduction to his student Jomo Kenyatta's Facing Mount Kenya. For 10 points, name this author of 1922's Argonauts of the Western Pacific.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf85268b961b4958a29a87e21910d992",
            "input": "Life in this city is described as \"prey to hallucinations (not visions)\" and \"against the very grain of American civilization as we know it\" in the essay \"My City My Wilderness\" by Andrei Codrescu. Philadelphian Joseph Frowenfield is received by a resident of this city, prompting that character to consider the murder of Aurora's husband by his uncle Agricola. Along with Chicago, this city is the primary setting for the wanderings of Binx Bolling in Walker Percy's The Moviegoer, while a bus trip that ends with the theft of a beloved jacket from a bathroom stall is the only adventure that (*) one character has outside of this city, whose literary residents include a family descended from the slave Bras Coupe. This setting for George Washington Cable's The Grandissimes is also home to Ignatius Reilly in John Kennedy Toole's A Confederacy of Dunces. After Allan Grey kills himself over his homosexuality, Stella Kowalski is sought out in this city by her cousin, Blanche DuBois. FTP, identify this Southern city, the setting for A Streetcar Named Desire, Old Creole Days, and numerous dirty limericks scribbled on walls during Mardi Gras.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c45e691260d64e43a47dc6a853e86b04",
            "input": "A 1968 riot in this city saw thousands of people march upon the Palacio Tiradentes. Marcio Moreira Alves' speech caused a dictatorship to close the Chamber of Deputies in this city. France Antarctique contained its predecessor, and this city saw an 1889 coup by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca. This location was, in 1808, the only European capital outside of Europe, due to the conquests of Napoleon. This place was first ruled by a son of John VI, who delivered the Cry of Ipiranga. In the Zona Sul of this town, the suburbs of Ipanema and Copacabana are overlooked by a 1931 statue of Christ the Redeemer. For 10 points, name this city, which until 1960 was the capital of republican Brazil.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bbcc57a805ca4994968a993dcf4bf027",
            "input": "One character of this work quotes Baudelaire in mocking his father, prompting that father to call Dante Gabriel Rosetti a \"dope fiend. \" One character notes that despite eating less, she is gaining weight, and calls her son \"my Frankenstein. \" Another character tells a comic anecdote concerning the tenant Shaughnessy, while his mom chews out her husband for hiring Doc Hardy to take care of a consumptive son. The servant Cathleen takes care of Jamie, an alcoholic whom the protagonist calls a \"waste. \" Confessing that she dreamed of being a nun, Mary tries to fight off a morphine addiction. FTP name this Eugene ONeill play about a dysfunctional family led by James Tyrone.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-644bb721c3344fc6a2f508b4430efbe8",
            "input": "Sophie Kowalevski completed a theorem involving local existence and uniqueness of analytical partial differential equations initially proven in a special case by this man, whose name, along with that of Binet, is also appended to a formula generalizing the multiplicativity of the determinants of two matrices. If the partial sums of an infinite series become arbitrarily close to each other, said infinite series converges under a test named after this man, who is also the namesake of a set of differential equations for finding holomorphic functions in the complex plane with Riemann, as well as a theorem stating that the closed line integral of holomorphic functions in simply connected subsets of the complex plane is equal to zero. A theorem stating that the product of the length of two vectors is greater than their inner product is named after, FTP, which German mathematician, along with Hermann Schwarz\r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-83fe4529b4e249c293713ec56f9cc9c0",
            "input": "In a book subtitled Art in Metamorphosis, Dorothy Johnson claimed that this artist was one of the first to express the attitudes of his subjects in their entire bodies. Two horn players appear behind a tree trunk on the right hand side of one canvas by this artist, in which three men hold outstretched wreaths behind a Spartan king. This painter of Leonidas at Thermopylae depicted a divan perched on some clouds in Mars Being Disarmed by Venus, while a divan is again the seat of the primary subject of his portrait of Madame Recamier. One of his paintings shows a stairway through a stone archway on the left and features a man in a toga being passed a cup of hemlock. In a different painting by him, three brothers gesture towards their father, who holds their swords. For 10 points, name this French Neoclassical painter of The Death of Socrates and The Oath of the Horatii.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c910d00b519c4286864147620295974d",
            "input": "A catalog of these objects was published by Mazets, who analyzed data from the KONUS experiment, while another was published by Fishman using data from the BATSE experiment. Lamb and Paczynski participated in a 1995 debate about their location. Berezinsky and Prilutsky analyzed one possible mechanism for their formation, based on (*) neutrino-antineutrino annihilation, while Prilutsky and Usov developed the first cosmological model of them, using active galactic nuclei. The BeppoSAX experiment discovered the first x-ray afterglow in these objects, discovered by Klebesadel et al while analyzing data from the Vela satellites, whose original purpose was to watch for nuclear tests. For 10 points, name these intense flashes of the namesake uncharged radiation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b8109dfc26f4a29a5afdfca60746abc",
            "input": "Joao de Barros described this structure in the chronicle Da Asia, and its acropolis or hill complex is considered to have been a royal palace. After its initial discovery, it was thought to have been built by (*) Solomon and the Queen of Sheba in the land of Ophir mentioned in the Book of Kings. However, carbon-14 dating has placed its habitation to the 11th through 15th centuries by the Shona people. Its population may have exceeded 10,000, but the area was later abandoned due to the exhaustion of the hinterlands. Rediscovered in 1868 by Adam Renders and Karl Mauch, for 10 points, name these ruins meaning \"stone houses\" a cultural landmark located in the namesake modern-day African country.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4fdf0af36e5d4545bd8e761e227a9adc",
            "input": "In late life this man became known as the \"Hermit of Turin. \" He promulgated the April Laws and, after defeats such as one to Alfred I of Windisch-Grats at the Battle of Schwechat, he released a letter calling his successor Artur Gorgey a \"Judas. \" This author of the \"Cassandra\" letter created a stir with Queen Victoria and Lord Palmerston in England with speeches inspired by his love of Shakespeare. Jealously hated by Bertalan Szemare, he was a minister in Count Batthyani's government, and appealed to Archduke Franz Joseph of Austria before taking over his country in a fit of Magyar nationalism. For 10 points, name this Hungarian journalist who briefly led his nation during the Revolutions of 1848.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4284609a21794540aafdc9c17f840776",
            "input": "Harnik et al. argue against the anthropic principle by proposing a universe that lacks this. One instance of this interaction is modeled with a unitary matrix that includes three mixing angles and a complex phase that models CP violation. A vector minus axial Lagrangian for this force leads to maximal parity violation, making this force only affect left-handed particles. This force is responsible for quark flavor changing, was unified with electromagnetism by Glashow, Weinberg, and Salaam, and is transmitted by the massive W and Z bosons. For 10 points, name this fundamental force involved in radioactive decays.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0594aff7fcdf43e392df082586b37afc",
            "input": "Along with lead and belladonna, it is used to make Aqua Tofana. It is poisonous because it disrupts ATP production by inhibiting NAD+ in the citric acid cycle. During the Bronze Age, it was included in bronze to make the alloy harder. The Grainger challenge is to find an economical way to remove it from contaminated groundwater in countries such as Bangladesh. Some of it was found in Otzis (*) hair and Napoleons wallpaper and couldve caused their deaths. FTP, name this metalloid with atomic number 33 and symbol As.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc92677f84d842c1bba13eaf9d64edc4",
            "input": "The 2004 film The Ister was inspired by a lecture given by this man about the poetry of Friedrich Holderlin. This man contends that beginning with Pre-Socratics, namely Parmenides, humanity has misunderstood what it means \"to be,\" arguing that our notions of \"common sense\" lead us to errors in understanding. Later in life, this man wrote an analysis of Vincent van Gogh's painting \"A Pair of Shoes,\" called (*) \"The Origin of the Work of Art,\" along with a work in which he contrasts the \"openness to being\" to Nietzsche's \"will to power,\" Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics. FTP, name this German philosopher, most famous for a work that opens by quoting Plato's Sophist, Being and Time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4d860a5a430426daf43a648124ad2c7",
            "input": "The addition of potassium hydroxide as a promoter increases the efficiency of this process, and one of its ingredients was originally isolated by the water-gas process invented by the man whose name is sometimes appended to this process. Although an initial pass typically has a small yield, its inventor also came up with the idea of recycling the output of this process, which consumes roughly 1% of the world's annual energy output. The use of an iron catalyst in it allows it to be employed at lower temperatures, while constant removal of the end product ensures a continuous reaction according to Le Chatelier's principle. For ten points, identify this efficient method of nitrogen fixation and ammonia synthesis, named for a German chemist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-670c3db61a5541b2a4688d874b0d9f71",
            "input": "In relativistic quantum mechanics, the additional contribution to this quantity of spin is given by the Pauli-Lubanski pseudovector. \"Coupling\" eigenstates for this quantity in total from separate eigenstates requires use of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. This quantity's conservation gives rise to Kepler's third law of planetary motion. For a rotating body, this quantity is equal to the product of angular velocity and moment of inertia. For 10 points, name this quantity, symbolized L, the rotational analogue of linear momentum.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b91fc168643b446996022329793369a9",
            "input": "One aspect of this property was confirmed in an experiment that fired silver atoms through an inhomogeneous magnetic field. That experiment, performed by Stern and Gerlach, showed that this property was quantized. Fine structure refers to splitting spectral lines due to coupling between it and an electron's orbital angular momentum. Pauli names a set of matrices associated with it, and was the first to propose it as a quantum number. For 10 points, name this property that is an integer for bosons and half integer for fermions, a particle's intrinsic angular momentum.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4456ed8ae9cf42cf9fd7412e3e2183bc",
            "input": "The people on the left side of this painting include a man in a brown turban, a capped ma in a white suit, and a seated man wearing a beret, all focused on a dog standing over a guitar on the floor. The background of this painting is a large curtain, a portion of which is being held up by a nude male. The right side is dominated by Charles Baudelaire, George Sand and Proudhon, all friends of the painter, and flanking the right of the central figure is a nude model inspecting the central figure at work. For 10 points, name this work premiering at the Salon des Refuses, a Gustave Courbet oil painting whose central figure is painting an outdoorsy scene.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a72d6c666ed94e92a3db0be2ce3eb4fa",
            "input": "novel focuses on the clash between an unnamed frontier magistrate and the brutal Colonel Joll. For 15 points, name this 1980 novel by J. M. Coetzee.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-17a182039a7e4abc835e0d6b8a1a6cc6",
            "input": "A thermal form of process can be seen in a mixed gas through the Soret effect, while another form involving momentum can be observed in the laminar flow of a liquid across a solid surface. When semiconductors are produced, certain layers are sometimes doped via this process, although ion implantation is typically preferred.The most commonly observed form of the phenomenon can be described by a law which shows that flux is proportional to the concentration gradient and in the direction of lower concentration, Fick's law. FTP, name this form of passive transport that involves spontaneous movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a4514cca0c8456b83521b29317315f7",
            "input": "This act was stated to have been created for the protection of the public in the case Spectrum Sports Inc v. McQuillan, while the case Rice v. Norman Williams co-created a two-step process by which courts would see if this act was pre-empting state laws. George Hoar helped draft this legislation, and it was based on an act named for Valentine passed in its namesakes home state of Ohio. A follow-up to this legislation was amended by the Robinson-Patman Act and included provisions about tying arrangements and price discrimination; that act was named for Clayton. For 10 points, name this piece of legislation that forbade the formation of monopolies, an early antitrust law.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88bf7d2cb93a47888d9d74dad612c5c6",
            "input": "In quantum mechanical systems, this can be defined as the negative trace of the density matrix multiplied by the log of the density matrix. For a gas of photons, this quantity is directly proportional to the total number of photons. Pressure can be calculated as temperature times the partial derivative of this quantity with respect to volume. The Sackur-Tetrode equation gives the value of this for an ideal gas, while inverse temperature is equal to the derivative of this with respect to energy. It is generally defined as Boltzmann's constant times the logarithm of the number of microstates. FTP, identify this quantity that always increases according to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ebdee4dab764c5183d7ae21134942fa",
            "input": "One form of this quantity is equal to h-bar squared divided by two times Boltzmann's constant times the molecule's moment of inertiathat form simplifies the expression for the rotational partition function. It's not the number of particles, but this quantity is a natural variable for both the Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies. This quantity is located in the denominator of the integrand in the (*) Clausius inequality. This quantity is the thermodynamic conjugate of entropy. Equipartition states the kinetic energy of a monatomic ideal gas is 3/2 times Boltzmann's constant times this quantity. Gibbs free energy is equal to enthalpy minus entropy times this quantity. For 10 points, name this quantity found in the denominator of the combined gas law, which is often measured in Kelvin.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ae047da948c42728188fb8db9b3a275",
            "input": "One member of this movement was Pasquier [pas-key-YAY] Quesnel [kay-nel], whose 101 propositions were condemned by Clement XI. Earlier members included Pierre Nicole and Jean Duvergier de Hauranne, the latter a friend of its founder, the Bishop of Ypres [EE-pruh]. Though the movement proclaimed an attachment to the Roman Catholic Church, they believed in predestination and the total corruption of human nature owing to original sin, as stated in 1640's Augustin. Centered at the Port-Royal Monastery, FTP, name this pessimistic religious movement whose heyday was from 1640-1710, and whose members included Antoine Arnauld and Blaise Pascal.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ff7aaaa6e7144d49a3f47590ef9e6b2",
            "input": "In this work, one character attempts to use the idea of gifts to define the central idea, which is disputed by another man's claims that this concept would then be pleasing to the concerned entities, but not beneficial or dear, a contradiction of the title character's earlier assertions. The first of the earlier attempts is rejected as only an example of the central concept, and the namesake \"dilemma\" of this work is brought up in response to the title character's definition of the central concept, which another character questions, using the example that something that is \"carried\" is called such just because it is being carried. For 10 points, what is this Platonic dialogue in which the title character defines piety as something that all the gods love",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53f5cb6dbe7743d49d2559dbc55eec1f",
            "input": "An early work of this person attacks the idea that competition exists in industrial organization in discussing The Concept of Countervailing Power; it's entitled American Capitalism. A later work posits tension between \"managerialism\" and (*) socialism; that work corrects a previous work that argues against over-production of consumer goods and coined the term \"conventional wisdom\". For 10 points name this economist, the author of The New Industrial State and The Affluent Society.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9a4d13165d64a3a826cfc841a9c9a94",
            "input": "His early works of rural landscapes, such as Landscape with Ditch and Women and Child in front of a Farm, failed to win him the Prix de Rome when he entered in 1898 and 1901. A critical component of his work was the tilted \"lozenge\", leading to an established structure of his following period which would be modified in works like 1942's New York City I. After meeting Theo van Doesburg, he created several works based on one of Doesburg's stained glass window, during a period where he was a frequent contributor to the De Stijl magazine. The creator of a style translated from the Dutch phrase nieuwe beelding, or \"new image,\" for 10 points, name this artist known for typifying Neoplasticism in such works as Broadway Boogie-Woogie.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fcf4ea6b8f9452b8f14f9f4db0be96d",
            "input": "At one point, this character drinks the balm of Fierabras (FIE-UR-uh-brass). He tells a story about his descent into the cave of Montesinos. This character's story is supposedly chronicled by Cide Hamete Benengeli. Characters encountered by him include the Knight of the Mirrors, who is the squire of Sanson Carrasco. He rides the horse Rocinante, and is accompanied by Sancho Panza on his quest to find Dulcinea. For 10 points, name this title character of a novel by Miguel de Cervantes.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a334c0c7ddc249fc8b30aeb2d50827a2",
            "input": "[AR] During his studies at university, this man develops an interest in the negritude movement and founds Le Groupe des Griots, a group committed to Black Nationalism and Voodoo mysticism in 1938. During his time in office, he organizes the Volunteers for National Security with his chief aide Clement Barbot, who would reportedly transform himself into a black dog to avoid capture after an unsuccessful coup attempt. Famously manipulating election results in his 1967-reelection campaign so that the official tally showed him winning 1,320,748 votes to zero; his rule was marked with autocracy and corruption. Exacting a reign of terror with his notorious Tonton Macoutes, for 10 points name this paternal dictator of Haiti from 1957-1971.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd12907dc29e4a51863d6ea8c5ba2575",
            "input": "Comas Sol made the first observations of one of this body's distinct characteristics, which for a long time prevented an accurate determination of this place's diameter. One region on this body is a large reflective sheet named Xanadu, and Ontario Lacus is in the far south of this body. The Cassini mission found sand dunes here, and this body possesses orbital resonance with Hyperion. A probe recently confirmed that this body's atmosphere is somewhat similar to the environs of the Miller-Urey Experiment, and it also contains hydrocarbon lakes and ice on its surface. A. D. Fortes considered the spectroscopic analysis of this body's atmosphere in relation to its potential for microbiotic life. For 10 points, name this body that was visited by the Huygens probe, the second largest moon in the solar system which is noted for its atmosphere and prebiotic characteristics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94059d9a259e4a19aeadd7b2e9ed3d80",
            "input": "All known solutions of these satisfy the Clausius-Duhem entropy inequality and are only valid when there exists thermodynamic equilibrium over sufficient time and length scales. Derived in their most common scalar form by substituting the Newtonian stress tensor into the Cauchy momentum equation, examples of exact analytic solutions to them, which are generally only attainable under unrealistic assumptions, include the equations for Couette and Hagen-Poiselle flow. Simplifying to Euler's equation in the limit that the viscous stress is negligible, FTP, identify the equations that comprise the momentum balance for a fluid element and are named for named for a French engineer and British mathematician.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fae1168c2821414eba6466a8eaf07405",
            "input": "It can be studied at zero temperature on a Bethe lattice, and theoretical approaches to it involve calculations based on the Preisach model. It can be represented via the Landau-Lifshitz equation, and the thermodynamic type is intrinsic in superelastic deformation. It is characteristic of first-order phase transitions, and supercooling generates a thermal curve of this type. Demonstrated in a random-field Ising model, in this phemonenon, ,motion in domain walls generates Barkhausen noise, which is represented as small jumps in loops of this type, and the energy loss due to reversing the magnetization is proportional to the area of loop. For 10 points, what is this phenomenon where the magnetization of a ferromagnetic material remains after the external magnetic field is removed",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1595ff77d5c34700ae4e1ef03cd9dd5e",
            "input": "In a running gag from this novel, amateurish poems written by the protagonist keep falling out of his journals and books. Its protagonist attends a church service unusually held in the catacombs, when a stranger comes up behind him and whispers \"You are in danger in this city.\" In this novel, a hostage who is executed by drowning in a lake turns out to be the same man who had accused the protagonist of pilfering money from his portmanteau. The antagonist of this novel is first met at a fox-hunt, and is nearly killed in a duel by the protagonist after being discovered embezzling funds from Mr. Tresham. The comic relief in this novel is provided by the magistrate (*) Baillie Jarvie and the gardener Andrew Fairservice. The title character of this novel is saved by his ruthless wife Helen, and kills Rashleigh after strategically altering Sir Hildebrand's will so that the protagonist inherits his father's estate. The protagonist of this novel marries his cousin \"Die,\" or Diana, Vernon. For 10 points, name this novel in which Frank Osbaldistone crosses paths with the title outlaw, written by Sir Walter Scott.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3739fd3b3c14491bb39caa0e0d0ea17e",
            "input": "This man's works such as Israel and the Law and Frieze of Prophets were painted for the Triumph of Religion series at the Boston Public Library. He painted portraits of Frederick Law Olmstead and Lady Agnew of Lochnaw, in addition to depicting Evelyn, Mabel, and Mildred Vickers in The Misses Vickers. He also depicted soldiers holding rifles walking in a file with bandages over their eyes in Gassed, while a better known work shows two girls lighting Chinese lanterns and is called Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose. Better known for a scandalous depiction of Virginie Gautreau, for 10 points, identify this American artist of Madame X.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11bac19cb93f4318b5a75ad5cd91a597",
            "input": "Though she was once quoted as saying, \"I was brought up to believe that the only thing worth doing was to add to the sum of accurate information in the world,\" her most famous book was eventually revealed to be based on a hoax. A pioneer of the use of film to document culture, she and her husband produced such films as Trance and Dance in Bali and Learning to Dance in Bali. For ten points, who claimed that lack of sexual repression made adolescence less troublesome in Samoa",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c02f333cbac94e799242ccf6d619f119",
            "input": "Kucklick and Robinson both worked to extend this thinkers general science of order in collecting his Logical Essays. This person aimed to solve the problem of evil using so-called process theism by rejecting the idea of God as other in The Problem of Job. One central work of this writer argues that a commitment to self-consciously asserted will is the root of all morality, an assertion that forms the basis for his anti-Nietzschian theory of community. In addition to writing The Philosophy of Loyalty, this man argued that the title issue is In what sense, if any, can the modern man consistently be a Christian in another work, a condensation his 1913 Hibbert lectures; those are respectively The World and the Individual and The Problem of Christianity. For 10 points, name this foremost American exponent of absolute idealism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87d8298697d5451c9c86764121d6be8b",
            "input": "The 19th of these compositions by Mozart features a slow, eerie introduction that earned it the nickname \"Dissonance.\" The fourth of these compositions by Bartok is in arch-form and features an all-pizzicato fourth movement. The most famous Adagio of Samuel Barber was originally the second movement of a work of this type. The Grosse Fuge was originally the finale movement of the 13th work of this type by Beethoven. Schubert wrote one of these in D minor entitled \"Death and the Maiden.\" For 10 points, name this type of composition for two violins, viola, and cello.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0433beae64ce4b7aa94f4324674d3ff5",
            "input": "Their distinguishing characteristic results from the conversion of helium plus ions into alpha particles in their atmospheres. This causes their atmospheres to expand until the reverse reaction takes over and restores their size to their initial magnitudes. They were discovered in 1784 by John Goodricke, and Harlow Shapley employed them to show that the Magellanic Clouds are not part of the Milky Way by using their characteristic period-luminosity relationship, which was first demonstrated by Henrietta Leavitt. FTP, what are these stars useful in measuring intergalactic distances and whose prototypical example is Delta Cephei",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7737ecc3fa924cb597ffe083c7cc7470",
            "input": "Chan and Kim at Penn State discovered that crystals can display this phenomenon. One instance of this phenomenon is distinguished by either an A or B phase, and is anisotropic. Some materials that exhibit this phenomenon display a 30 nm Rollin film, and their movement sometimes displays the Onnes Effect. Landau theorized that quantum sound waves are responsible for this effect, which he posited occurs below the lambda point. For 10 points, name this property notably displayed by helium, when a liquid or gas displays no resistance to flow.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba52dfc530ed4af6a3ddd0eb31a32379",
            "input": "He's not Franz Schubert, but this composer wrote a suite of Valses nobles et sentimentales, while another of his pieces features movements such as \"Scarbo\" and \"Ondine.\" That work was intended to be more difficult than Mily Balakirev's Islamey and is titled Gaspard de la nuit. By request of Paul (*) Wittgenstein, this man wrote the Piano Concerto in D for the Left Hand. Among this man's ballets are Daphnis et Chloe. His most famous work originated from a commission by Ida Rubinstein and features an ostinato in which snare drums play repetitively; that work is named after a Spanish dance. For 10 points, identify this French composer of Bolero.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9e99c233f844dfe96b7ea522fd8d6f8",
            "input": "With Simon Kuznets, this man looked at the income levels of professionals like lawyers and dentists and\\n concluded that the presence of the American Medical Association helped artificially boost the salaries of\\n doctors. This man argued that temporary changes in economic conditions or policies had unusually small\\n impacts on consumer habits in A Theory of the Consumption Function, which outlined his permanent\\n income hypothesis. Chapters like \"The Cure For Inflation\" appear in a book he co-authored titled Free to\\n Choose. With Anna J. Schwartz, this man argued that bad policies by the Federal Reserve greatly\\n exacerbated the Great Depression in his A Monetary History of the United States. For 10 points, name this\\n Chicago school economist, the author of Capitalism and Freedom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6cf918bea1dd4abfbe07687dfc86d79c",
            "input": "His early works include collections of poetry like Man: A Broad Garden and The Last May, as well as a one-act play, The Owners of the Keys. The author of the critical works Testaments Betrayed and The Art of the Novel, he moved to France in 1975, a year before The Farewell Party appeared. FTP, name this novelist of Life Is Elsewhere, The Joke, and The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, a Czech author best known for 1984's The Unbearable Lightness of Being.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f0c361fea954dcbbac110424db83352",
            "input": "This document ceded Shandong to Japan, not China, leading to the May Fourth Movement. Britain's interests in this document were represented by the \"Heavenly Twins.\" This treaty created the the Free City of Danzig within the Polish Corridor. Henry Cabot Lodge prevented America's ratification of this treaty, which was created at the same conference as the [*] League of Nations. This treaty caused hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic through its \"war guilt\" clause, which placed all blame for the war on Germany. Signed five years after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, for 10 points, name this treaty that ended World War I, signed at a palace outside Paris.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a160a07c1af94ab2a8448e6737cc565b",
            "input": "A boarding school in one of this author's novels is run by a hunchbacked crone named Sesame Weichbrodt. In that novel, the alcoholic hops merchant Alois Permaneder is briefly married to Tony, who also has a brief and loveless marriage to Bendix Grunlich. In another of his novels, Mynheer Peeperkorn and the protagonist are both attracted to the intriguing Russian woman Clavdia Chauchat. In one of his novels, Christian ends up in an insane asylum and Hanno dies of typhus, which is the culmination of the decline of the title family. He wrote about the contrasting philosophies of Naphta and Settembrini in a novel about Hans Castorp's stay in a Swiss sanatorium. For 10 points, name this author of Buddenbrooks and The Magic Mountain, who also wrote Death in Venice.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52a9dd95705e4345b312fd61121c49a1",
            "input": "One poet from this country wrote Exile at Home as well as Not of this Time, Not of this Place. This country awards the Bialik (bee-AL-ick) Prize in literature, which has been won by authors such as David Grossman and A. B. Yehoshua (yeh-HO-shwah). Another writer from this country is the author of A Tale of Love and Darkness, Amos Oz. Its capital gives its name to a hymn based on William Blake's poem \"\"And did those feet in ancient time. \"\" For 10 points, name this country whose literature is often written in Yiddish or Hebrew.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa8cc9aac0ad46578ece01a42e0e5aa2",
            "input": "A chaperone unique to these cells removes CLIP from the invariant chain protein. An ABC-class transporter unique to these cells is TAP, which transports peptides to the ER's peptide-loading complex. The avidity model explains the differential development of these cells. By suppressing NF-AT transcription factors, cyclosporine prevents the growth of these cells. These cells are regulated by both positive and negative selection, and they undergo somatic recombination but not somatic hypermutation. These cells present the major histocompatibility complex. One class of these cells has the CD8 glycoprotein on its surface and secretes perforin and granzymes. For 10 points, name these lymphocytes which come in \"helper\" and \"cytotoxic\" forms and mature in the thymus.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19b0865c09ae40fba64984334bb98287",
            "input": "He earned a law degree from Lincoln's Inn at 19, and helped in the successful election campaign of Dadabhai Naoroji, who became the first Indian elected to Parliament. An advocate of Hindi-Muslim cooperation, he split with Gandhi over the practice of non-cooperation. FTP name this statesman, who, as leader of the Muslim League, eventually oversaw the partition of the subcontinent and became the first governor-general of Pakistan.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2cd731ba445a4dd3a9105fee6ad4bcec",
            "input": "A member of the Alcmaeonid family he was born under a family curse incited by his great-grandfather. Peisistratus exiled him and his family, but he returned twenty years later, and during the reign of Hippias convinced the Delphic oracle to tell Sparta to help overthrow the tyranny. Gaining power in 510, he broke the traditional aristocracy, instituting a system of the ten tribes of Attica.. FTP,  identify this Athenian tyrant who created the council of 500 in order to favor equal rights for all citizens.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b010a7797000470e8e9a517bde39e435",
            "input": "Along with mottness' the order of this property is necessary to describe a Mott insulator and materials with this property have an energy function that is the product of consecutive spins under the Ising model. An effect known as exchange bias occurs when the hard' behavior from this property causes a shift in the (*) soft' behavior of materials with a similar property. Materials that exhibit it include metals such as chromium as well as manganese oxide. Reverting to paramagnetism above the Nel Point, this is, FTP, which property resulting from a pattern of alternating or spiraling alignments of magnetic moments in a material, the opposite of a certain form of magnetism displayed in iron",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7aac62f3a05144109c5d4353bc90a379",
            "input": "His theories were the basis of Rudolf Dreikurss practical therapy. He argued that the unhappiness of homosexuals stems from failure to meet a social need to reproduce in What Life Could Mean to You. His theory about the personality traits of eldest, second, middle, and youngest children has become conventional wisdom, while his theory of socially useful and antisocial personality types and the struggle between social demands and self-idealization are discussed in 1912s The Neurotic Character. For 10 points, name this founder of individual psychology, who pioneered work on inferiority complexes.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c92473b773294dd78832be6e96df042c",
            "input": "This artist took a series of pictures of clouds, known as Equivalents. A woman walking several feet in front and to the side of a man carrying two long sticks, and a man sitting on a wood pile feeding a horse are his two photographs with the title A Snapshot: Paris. He published the magazine Camera Work as part of his Photo-Secession movement, and one of his early works shows a carriage head-on riding toward snow with wheel tracks in it. He took several photos of his wife's hands in various positions, and showed a man with his back turned from the viewer looking at a horse-drawn trolley in one photograph. Besides Winter, Fifth Avenue and The Terminal. Another of his works features a narrow drawbridge with side chains, a deck, a ladder, and an \"inclining funnel\", all at different angles, while crowds of people fill the title section of the ship. For 10 points, name this photographer of The Steerage, the husband of Georgia O'Keeffe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb5273adc98c4c169afe77338cc92e5a",
            "input": "opera's third act opens with a shepherd boy singing \"Io de' sospiri. \" One character in this opera retorts with the aria \"Mi dicon venal\" when asked what his price is. Another character in this opera sings about how brightly the stars used to shine after he trades his ring to his captor for the chance to write his lover one last letter. That character is killed by a (*) firing squad that he thinks will be shooting blanks after withstanding a session in a torture chamber and refusing to give up the political prisoner Cesare Angelotti. The title character of this opera sings about her good deeds and her dedication to her art in the aria \"Vissi d'arte,\" before she kills the police chief Scarpia and jumps to her death after the execution of the painter Mario Cavardossi. For 10 points, name this Puccini opera about a singer.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-152776a2660745e0952a9517747c440f",
            "input": "A man in blackface plays a banjo while another catches a fish in a parody of this painting by Robert Colescott featuring an African American hero. The original was painted in Dusseldorf after its artist received a commission from Montgomery Meigs in the late 1840s. Edward Hand is depicted holding his hat in this painting. This most famous painting by the artist of (*) Westward Ho! appears behind a trio of dour old women who may be crossdressers in Grant Wood's Daughters of Revolution. A soldier holds an anachronistic flag next to the central figure of this painting, while others try to navigate an icy river. For 10 points, name this Emanuel Leutze painting of an American Founding Father on his way to the Battle of Trenton.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-248a4591902a4d0f9ad8fdd3865bbdab",
            "input": "He wrote a criticism of a hypocritical priest in \"The Jamaica Funeral\" and an allegory on death entitled \"The House of Night. \" The co-author of the satirical Father Bombo's Pilgrimage to Mecca, he is also known describing the discovery of America in \"Pictures of Columbus\" and for introducing an early version of Manifest Destiny in his epic poem \"The Rising Glory of America. \" Those works, however, are not as famous as one that uses the lines \"And long shall timorous fancy see / The painted chief, and pointed spear\" to describe the titular cemetery, one about the imminent death of a flower, or one about the author's six-week stay on a British prison ship. For 10 points, name this poet who wrote the poems \"The Wild Honey Suckle\" and \"The Indian Burial Ground\" and is often known by his nickname, \"Poet of the American Revolution. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-074abacacf8b4f1e9110d95557b8b95a",
            "input": "One of this author's works claims that no society can predict its future states of knowledge, thereby weakening the title theory. This author explained free will with a two-stage model in which quantum effects create a random set of new ideas and possible actions, and the mind exerts a \"selective pressure\" that eliminates all but one; that model was proposed in a book cowritten with John Eccles titled The Self and Its Brain. This author discussed the Quine-Duhem thesis in one work that claims that a theory with more general applications is less likely to be rejected in a test. One of this author's students attempted to reconcile his work with Thomas Kuhn and wrote abuot the falsification of research programs. For 10 points, name this teacher of Imre Lakatos who wrote The Open Society and Its Enemies and The Logic of Scientific Discovery.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a91e22f11d1e4496892dceb07443f2fb",
            "input": "This man's biggest defeat occurred days after his enemies arrived just in time to prevent Sangiban from turning traitor and opening the gates of Orlans to him. In that battle, this man allied himself with Walamir and was opposed by Theodoric and Flavius Aetius. After the Battle of (*) Chalons, this leader was convinced to retreat after meeting at Mantua with Pope Leo I. On the night of his wedding to Ildico, he died of a nosebleed. For 10 points, name this \"\"Scourge of God\"\" and leader of the Huns.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da40cc73875040ddb9c791c6b47460b7",
            "input": "This author described a sacred ancestral footpath fenced off by Michael Obi in his short story \"Dead Men's Path.\" One of his works deals with Odili and the title politician, Chief Nanga, while the Feast of the New Yam is not performed by Ezeulu in his novel Arrow of God. His most famous work sees the protagonist violate the Week of Peace by beating his wife; that character later participates in the execution of Ikemefuna. For 10 points, name this Nigerian author who wrote about Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2257f6c690b45a2a43beeb069ab697d",
            "input": "The background of this work depicts an orange grove with trees that have gold covered leaves. One figure in the right foreground of this work is shown wearing a white dress with blue flowers. Roses appear to the left of the central figure in this work, who covers her right breast. Zephyr and Chloris blow the titular figure of this work to land, where she is to be covered with a red robe. The nude title figure of this painting is shown rising up from the sea on a shell. For 10 points, identify this painting of the Roman goddess of love by Sandro Botticelli.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05bb60b67fd44616a8f69b768f8ec5a1",
            "input": "Among this man's inventions are an improved gyrocompass and, with Leo Szilard, a refrigerator that cooled using only heat as an input. One formula attributed to this man states that energy equals Planck's constant times the frequency of radiation. Another states that in the same reference frame, gravity and acceleration are locally equal, and is known as the equivalence principle. A third formula states that rest energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light. For 10 points, name this Swiss physicist who explained the photoelectric effect, developed general relativity, and formulated the equation E equals m c squared.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ecb5179bcdac44e8a84e90ece22c0c57",
            "input": "In one section of this work, its author suggests that Agnes could be saved if the merman deceived her and surrendered to the demonic. The story of Amor and Psyche, a bridegroom consulting the Oracle at Delphi, and the play Iphigenia at Aulis are described in one section of this work. This work distinguishes between the slave of the finite and the knight of the infinite resignation and also compares a ballet dancer to the \"knight of faith\" prior to examing its three \"problemata. \" Published under the pseudonym of Johannes de Silentio, it begins with a discussion of the story of the blinding of Isaac. Taking its title from Philippians, this is, FTP, which philosophical work by Soren Kierkegaard",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-969086f8d4af485299d8494a241e69e9",
            "input": "A capital letter is used to denote these stabilizing agents in the Zimm-Bragg model, and high-pressure formic acid has exhibited their symmetric variety. The presence of these entities in the coiled coil of the quaternary structure of collagen gives the protein its tensile strength. Occasionally appearing in bifurcated form, they are used in smart rubber and usually occur with Fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen and their namesake. Weaker than covalent forces, these dipole-dipole bonds often cause materials to have high boiling points. For 10 points, identify these bonds, famously present in water and named for the lightest element.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da67d2a1ba4d405293bb1f02b8797e6d",
            "input": "DC Josephson effect occurs because of this effect. This effect is used in STMs, which are a type of microscopes. Calculating the probability of this happening for a Heaviside step function requires using the boundary conditions that the wavefunction and its derivative have to be continuous everywhere. The probability of this happening has a hyperbolic sine squared in its denominator and this was used to explain (*) alpha decay as protons would need a large amount of energy to leave the nucleus. This effect happens when a potential barrier is greater than the energy of a moving particle and the particle moves through the barrier. For 10 points, name this quantum mechanical effect.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e68b31e967449e28fe837120ba44d89",
            "input": "The title character goes by the names Lily and Arlette, but is always loved by Ricardo, in a recent novel by this author. In one of this author's novels, the title entity is shut down after the protagonist shows up to the funeral of Olga the Brazilian. That novel's protagonist cheats on his wife Pochita and supplies ($) prostitutes to army barracks, and is named Pantaleon Pantoja. A man known as \"Egghead\" lets his young daughter be raped in another of work of his. Euclides da Cunha inspired the character of The (*) Journalist in another of this author's novels, which sees the red-headed phrenology- loving Scotsman Galileo Gall join a rebellion. This author wrote about Urania Cabral and the Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo in another novel. For ten points, identify this Peruvian author of The Feast of the Goat and The War of the End of the World.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2907bc365024918b1f5f920f2089500",
            "input": "Toward the end of this period the office of Shikken assumed most of the Shoguns power, and Northern and Southern imperial lines existed simultaneously. It began when the Taira clan was defeated in the Gempei war, and also saw the defeat of two Mongol invasions. However, it ended when one of the generals in the Genko war defected to the emperor Go-Daigo. Seeing the rule of the Minimoto and Hojo families, For 10 points, identify this first Japanese Shogunate, which was succeeded by the Ashikaga Shogunate and is named for a city near Tokyo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-357ddf1339e94f449a46f0e4d477465a",
            "input": "artist created a series of fourteen lithographs illustrating his poem, \"The Lizard with Feathers of Gold,\" and depicts a figure in black striped shirt with arms crossed in his portrait of E. C. Ricart. He founded a group of young artists called \"Agrupacio Courbet,\" during a time that his biographer Jacques Dupin refers to as his \"poetic realist\" phase. An ear comes out of a tree trunk next to a placard that reads \"JOUR\" while an eye peaks out from the leaves in his The Tilled Field. This artist of The Harlequin Carnival and The Reaper also painted a night scene which shows a red-runged ladder on the left that appears to reach up to the sky, while an animal sits on the brown ground to the right and stares upward at a celestial body. FTP, name this artist of Dog Barking at the Moon, a short-lived surrealist of Spanish origin.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a1d2e18ca75948c7a21d15eb54f397a5",
            "input": "Its first section states that a \"full glass of wine at the proper moment is worth more than all the riches of the world,\" while its fourth section begins with a description of maidens picking lotus flowers among bushes. A man's stomach and soul become full of wine in its fifth section \"The Drunkard in Spring,\" and the images of a jade bridge and green and white porcelain dominate its fifth section, \"Of Youth. \"  Its last section, \"The Farewell,\" ends with the word \"ewig\" repeated twice, and it was first conducted by Bruno Walter six months after its composer died. For 10 points -- name this orchestration of Chinese poems that was deliberately not called a Ninth Symphony by Gustav Mahler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a46eb9de882c4276a4a2b560cebdd422",
            "input": "In a poem reminiscent of a Longfellow work, he wrote of a \"smithy's\" \"unpredictable fantail of sparks\" in \"The Forge. \" He details his reaction to his young brother dying in \"Mid-Term Break,\" while he describes a pilgrimage to Lough Derg in Station Island. One of his poems contrasts a \"squat pen\" resting in his hands with the \"spade sink[ing] into gravelly ground,\" and another of his poems contrasts Miss Walls's classroom explanation of animal mating with collecting frogspawn near a flax dam. FTP, name this author of \"Digging,\" Death of a Naturalist, and a recent translation of Beowulf, an Irish poet.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1395562114694507b12ce243fd17c35a",
            "input": "One of this author's characters finds the erotic handbook Eros Himself, which leads him to discover his son Terry is gay. In another novel a man dream that pigs' blood covers his penis, but later realizes it was his wife's menstruation; and that wife recalls looking at a photo in Life magazine showing herself as a child with her servant Lydia, who holds her backpack. This author wrote about Paul Bannerman's struggle with thyroid cancer in Get a Life. She wrote a novel ending when Maureen runs toward a helicopter after Bamford's gun is stolen by a tribesman. For 10 points, name this South African author who wrote about Mehring in The Conservationist and the Smales family in July's People.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1907cafe5d44681a717b2c4181f15cb",
            "input": "On the moon, mascons are areas where this type of anomaly is present. In geophysics, its strength is related to an object's moment of inertia by MacCullagh's formula. Faye's formula gives the difference in values of this phenomenon that is induced by free-air anomalies. Models with anomalies in the strength of this phenomenon can be calculated in a formula given by Bouguer. The equipotential surface of this force which gives the (*) mean sea level is known as the geoid. The distance at which tidal forces will overcome this other force is known as the Roche limit. Isostatic equilibria are made between a balance between the lithosphere's buoyancy and this other force. For 10 points, name this force, which causes a downward acceleration of most objects equal to 9.8 meters per second squared.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2835a9eb553e4813ba46bc1df180ddc5",
            "input": "One of these objects denoted JM1 regulates iron uptake, and the Rep/STB system is responsible for partitioning another of these objects, 2m, between mother and daughter cells in yeast. Clowes divided one class of these objects into \"stringent\" and \"relaxed,\" and a meeting in a Honolulu delicatessen led to Cohen and Boyer's agreement to collaborate on several experiments advancing their study, including the (*) cleavage of SC101 by the restriction enzyme EcoRI. A process involving sex pili, conjugation, allows organisms to transfer these objects. For 10 points, name these common cloning vectors, often consisting of circular non-nuclear DNA fragments, the best known of which are F, which initiates conjugation, and R, used to confer antibiotic resistance.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba8df2a03477467ab8da9bf135999f4e",
            "input": "Geoffrey of Villehardouin wrote the principle account of this event and Fulk of Neuilly helped drum up support for it. Despite papal objections, it attacked and captured the Christian city of Zara and spent the winter there. After the death of Thibaut of Champagne, the leadership of the Crusade passed to Boniface of Montferrat. The future Alexius IV appealed to European kings on behalf of his father Isaac Angelus, leading Doge Dandolo to divert the crusade to Constantinople. For 10 points, name this 1202-04 crusade in which Venice sacked Constantinople.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8be34425019643c08ed9529e902f45b8",
            "input": "One author from this country wrote about a nave village boy recruited to fight in a civil war in his \"novel in rotten English,\" Sozaboy. Another author from this country was awarded the 1991 Booker Prize for his best known work, The Famished Road. Another novel by an author from this nation is No Longer at Ease, which recounts the firing of a government worker, Obi Okonkwo, whose similarly named grandfather was the protagonist of the novel Things Fall Apart. For 10 points, name this nation of Ken Saro-Wiwa, Ben Okri and Chinua Achebe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5076c237fbe842ec873e2885b196fab3",
            "input": "The horns play his sad theme, and he is the principal attraction at a carnival in a public square in Saint Petersburg. He is in love with a ballerina who hates him and loves a handsomely attired Moor. When he interrupts the Moors flirting, the Moor kills him, and the crowd erupts in anger, quieted only when a policeman reminds everyone that the victim is, after all, only a puppet. For ten points, identify this title character, first danced by Waslaw Nijinsky, in a 1911 ballet by Igor Stravinsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8cd863b142ac460888c24f7cd4883012",
            "input": "Verbti, a blind Albanian god with perfect hearing, was associated with the north wind and this phenomenon, and in Aztec myth the creator god Ometecuhtli was associated with this. In Japanese myth, a god associated with this phenomenon produced 8 gods when he was cut up by his father, who was distraught because that god's birth killed his mother. In Indian myth, the god of this also serves as the messenger of the gods and acceptor of sacrifices, and licks up butter with his 7 tongues, while in Norse myth, the personification of this phenomenon wins an eating contest in the hall of Utgard-Loki by devouring a boar together with its bones. FTP, name this natural phenomenon associated with Agni and Kagutsuchi, who produced 8 volcanoes after his birth burnt his mother Izanami to death.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7fc488575b084b6990dbc14ebf662027",
            "input": "Johannes Fabricius was the first to publish a book on these entities, which are caused by strong radial vortical fields. Rudolf Wolf is the namesake of a quantity that measures the number of these objects. The periodic variation of their positions is given by Sprer's law, according to which they follow an 11-year cycle. There was a low number of them between 1645 and 1715, which is referred to as the Maunder Minimum. Associated with strong magnetic fields, they are 1500 Kelvin cooler than the surrounding photosphere. FTP, name these dark patches that appear on the surface of the sun.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bed8f8e5180a4036874201b011ee38c0",
            "input": "In 1964, Wladyslaw Moes claimed to be the inspiration for this work of literature, which was also partly inspired by an outbreak in Palermo. Its main character, the author of the book A Study in Abjection, nearly leaves for home, but an accident with his luggage gives him an excuse to continue his vacation where, obsessed with a boy he thinks is named Tadzio, he dies of cholera. FTP, name this 1912 novella by Thomas Mann.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b8a6c8b15e514703a20ff978308af312",
            "input": "One composer from this country wrote a \"Solemn March in Honor of the Immortal National Bard,\" and another wrote the opera The Supposed Miracle. Another of its composers adapted Paradise Lost in 1978 but may be better known for the Anaklasis. That man wrote a piece, scored for fifty-two strings, which uses whistling harmonics and quarter-tone clusters to recall a 1945 event, the Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima. Another composer from this country wrote the Symphony of Sorrowful Songs, while another one wrote a big mess of nocturnes, preludes, and etudes for the piano. For 10 points, name this home country of Frederic Chopin and Krystof Penderecki.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea4071666d824febb0d8230473a9b24a",
            "input": "this opera, a woman sings \"Tu che di gel sei sinta\" to the title character before stabbing herself to escape torture. One character in this opera explains how her ancestor was violently raped and murdered by an invader in the aria \"In Questa Reggia. \" At its premiere, after words calling for poetry, its conductor cut off and said \"the maestro died. \" Characters in this opera include the blind Timur, the maid Liu, and the ministers Ping, Pang, and Pong. Calaf sings the aria \"Nessun Dorma\" in this opera, anticipating that no one will reveal his name to the title woman. For 10 points, name this opera based on a Carlo Gozzi text about a Chinese princess, composed by Giacomo Puccini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96ec56cca98841938a142f4ba4582412",
            "input": "This composer wrote a work that describes a sergeant barking at his soldiers to count faster. A male chorus singing the \"Shema Yisroel\" concludes that work by this man, in which a narrator reads an account of Jews being rounded up in a ghetto. This composer used a controversial \"inverted ninth\" chord in a a string sextet inspired by a poem about a woman telling her lover that she is bearing another man's child that was written by (*) Richard Dehmel. This composer of of A Survivor from Warsaw developed a system by which all the pitches of a chromatic scale are arranged without repetition into a \"tone row\". For 10 points, name this composer of Transfigured Night, a leader of the Second Viennese School who developed \"twelve-tone technique\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6744d22f2d10415198c3e9de60b6936a",
            "input": "section in this book discusses the notion of being \"star friends\" with someone even if one is forced to be \"earth enemies. \" Another section of this book notes that \"only one thing is needful\" and that is to \"give style to one's character. \" A third section of this advances the notion that Socrates was equally great in silence as he was in speech, but regrets that he had last words. One writing included in this book was described by the author in another book as \"dancing right over morality\" and \"The perfect Provencalism. \" That writing is the \"Song to Mistral,\" one of the many poems included in this book. The most notable idea in this book is followed with the declaration that a shadow still exists and must be conquered, while another idea that this book introduced is defined as the idea that the universe repeats its patterns, known as eternal recurrence. For ten points, identify this book by Friedrich Nietzsche which contains his famous declaration \"God is dead. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a1ebb3a38834d7488bea883754e14f7",
            "input": "method to measure this property uses spring plates which are vibrated at uniform amplitude and frequency. The energy input is then measured. The classical method to measure this quantity uses a capillary tube, and is named after (*) Stokes. This quantity is almost independent of pressure and density in gases, but increases with temperature; in liquids, however, it decreases as temperature increases. This quantity can be calculated using Newton's equation describing fluid motion, and its kinematic version is equal to the dynamic version divided by the density. It is given by the ratio of shear stress to the velocity gradient. For 10 points, name this property of a fluid measured in units of poise, the resistance of a fluid to flow.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-405be160c9e54d1a90138cc25c5040f8",
            "input": "This faction arose from a 13th century conflict over the imperial crown between Otto of Brunswick and Frederick II. It takes its name from a corruption of Waiblingen, an estate that belonged to the Hohenstaufen emperors. The conflict later moved to Italy, where this faction earned its present name, representing Pisa, Verona, and Arezzo. Its members were expelled from Florence in 1266, and in 1334 Pope Benedict XII forbade the use of this name and its rival faction's name. Representing those that favored imperial over papal authority, FTP, identify this faction constantly opposed to Dante and his Guelphs.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-021cbe06e22141ad9550f1d8e35f9d35",
            "input": "This man lost the Battle of Tres Acequias to his rival Jose Carrera, whom he would later have executed. This ruler ordered Antonio Navarro to assassinate his other rival Manuel Rodriguez. He established a navy under the command of the Earl of Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, though he was eventually overthrown by his chief admiral, Manuel Encalada. Early in his career, he was defeated by Mariano Osorio at the Disaster of Rancagua, leading to the Spanish reconquest of his homeland and requiring his eastern neighbor to resupply him by crossing a mountain chain. He was proclaimed Supreme Dictator after leading a decisive cavalry charge at the Battle of Chacabuco while fighting under Jose de San Martin. For ten points, name this Chilean freedom fighter of Irish descent.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1a24b3009524b65867a75d702abae64",
            "input": "This man established the rurales to combat bandits, and Ramon Corral and Jose Limantour were among the cientificos who advised him. This man chose Manuel Gonzalez as his handpicked successor, and he reached his highest office by defeating Sebastian de Lerdo after issuing his Plan of Tuxtepec. His downfall was accompanied by a rebellion organized by Pascual Orozco and the declaration of the Plan of San Luis Potos by Francisco Madero, who signed the Treaty of Ciudad Juarez with this man, forcing him into exile. For 10 points, name this mestizo Mexican ruler from Oaxaca (wah-HAH-cah), who was president from 1884 until 1911.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-385022efe7da4324b527f135e27298ae",
            "input": "One of his few surviving drawings for the design of St. Peters would have made it resemble the temple in the background of his The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple. He was one of the last artists to use metalpoint for his numerous preparatory drawings. An early work of his, the Ansidei altarpiece, shows him beginning to develop a distinct style from his teacher, while his Wedding of the Virgin resembles the Delivery of the Keys, a famous work of his teacher (*) Perugino. The Parnassus and La Disputa are two of the frescoes in the Stanza della Signatura, perhaps his greatest achievement, while his only mythology piece, Galatea, was revered in later centuries as the epitome of the classical style. FTP, name this high renaissance painter who depicted his rival Michaelangelo in his The School of Athens.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06ecded53630455d97187339492cfa21",
            "input": "This work's first section describes an object that has \"\"white hills, white thighs\"\" as the speaker describes how his \"\"rough peasants body digs in you. \"\" The third section of this work describes the \"\"murmur of waves breaking, slow play of lights. \"\" This collection ends with the lines \"\"It is the hour of departure. Oh abandoned one! \"\" and laments how the author is \"\"deserted like the dwarves at dawn. \"\" The author of this work notes, \"Your breast is enough for my heart\" and also that \"Girl lithe and tawny, nothing draws me towards you.\" It contains such poems as \"\"Body of Woman\"\" and \"\"Ah Vastness of Pines\"\", and the speaker of its final poem laments \"In you everything sank!\" For 10 points, identify this collection of poems that includes \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines\", written by Pablo Neruda.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eed4b83af74242c082bac4c602651791",
            "input": "In 1927, Isamu Noguchi served as this man's assistant for seven months, and in 2004, one of his works, Danaide, sold for a then record $18.1 million dollars. Sophisticated Young Lady is an alternate name for one of his works, and Princess X consists of only the title feature's neck and head. A portrait of Baroness Rene Frachon inspired one of his most famous works, Sleeping Muse. His most famous achievement was a series of sixteen sculptures in bronze and marble that attempted to capture the essence of flight by eliminating wings and feathers. FTP, name this Romanian-born French sculptor of Sleeping Muse and the Bird in Space series.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3fb58805e3a43bcbb4e1ec73eacf669",
            "input": "Two Parrots, the King, and His Son was one of the etchings this man produced for The Fables of La Fontaine, commissioned by art dealer Ambroise Vollard. Late in his life, Andre Malraux commissioned him to paint a ceiling divided by different colored spokes for the Paris Opera House. In one self-portrait, he can be seen working on a picture of a goat while the Eiffel Tower is visible through the window; that painting shows him (*) with Seven Fingers. Also known for his work in stained glass, in one of his best known works, a green-faced man stares at a white goat while a woman stands upside down below his native town of Vitebsk. For 10 points, name this Russian painter of I and the Village.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d24993e40beb4a3686be2f2c5fcffbad",
            "input": "The Krutzsch process produced about a ten percent aqueous solution of this compound, but was never commercialized. This compound is produced commercially by sending bubbles of air through a solution of anthracene, leading to the autoxidation of 2-alkyl anthrahydroquinone to a 2-alkyl anthraquinone. That process is known as the AO process and was invented by Riedl and Pfleiderer. This compound is found with ferrous salts in Fenton's reagent, and oxidizes sodium hypochlorite to give oxygen. A three percent aqueous solution of it is useful for treating minor wounds. It is broken down to oxygen and water by catalase. For 10 points, name this oxidizing agent with formula H2O2.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a530d1e07186416db7c6696e24b0581b",
            "input": "The fifth ruler with this name was co-ruler with his brother for 14 years despite being mentally impaired. The sixth was deposed in favor of empress Elizabeth. The second was known as the \"Meek\", and succeeded his father, the first, who was known as \"Moneybags\". The most famous is the fourth, who established the Zemsky Sobor and a personal secret service known as the O-prich-ni-ki. FTP, give this shared name of several Russian Czars, the most infamous of which was known as \"the Terrible. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-12002bcf66bf4c47ae1717173ee76b7b",
            "input": "An empire centered on this island was defeated during the Expedition of a Thousand. A 13th center uprising occurring on this island was known as its Vespers. The First Punic War ended with Roman control of this island. During the Peloponnesian War, an expedition led by Alcibiades sought to capture this island's city of Syracuse. During World War II, General Patton captured this island's cities of Palermo and Messina. For 10 points, name this large island that is part of Italy.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ee6e492027b4f83b5723bb3c2d189f2",
            "input": "Formed by land speculators and settlers who used threats, intimidation and violence to eventually earn statehood for their homeland in 1791, they gained their most enduring fame, not for those exploits against New Yorkers, but for fighting the British at Bennington and Ticonderoga, under Seth Warner, John Stark, and their founder. For 10 points, name these armed bands of Vermonters founded about 1770 by Ethan Allan.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ba8d0634f614d079e4ee6f5a8656103",
            "input": "One of this man's works has been performed at every British coronation since it was written. That work is titled Zadok the Priest. This composer also wrote many keyboard suites, including The Harmonious Blacksmith, and he wrote a work commemorating the end of The War of the Austrian Succession. Another of his works features a  \"Hornpipe\" section, and was written to be played on the royal barge. In addition to his Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music, he wrote an oratorio that contains a popular \"chorus\" sung around Christmastime. For 10 points, name this German born composer whose Messiah contains the \"Hallelujah Chorus.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-400ffa994d1344e39063ce0a7b76aedb",
            "input": "In The Skin of Our Teeth, Henry Antrobus once shared his name with this person. Jose Saramago's final novel is titled for this figure. A character who represents this figure is told Timshel at the end of the novel in which he appears. That character sells beans during World War I and causes his mother Cathy Ames to commit suicide. Grendel and his mother are said to be descendants of this figure. Caleb Trask is the stand-in for this character, contrasting him with his brother Aron, in John Steinbeck's East of Eden. For 10 points, name this Biblical character who gets a namesake \"mark\" for killing his brother Abel.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96a8ee99665c45249ff847b7aab99ef9",
            "input": "This element has a characteristic D line at 589 nanometers and is produced in the electrolytic Castner process. The movement of this element is counteracted by the movement of potassium in a namesake \"pump\" based off of active transport. A strong base containing hydroxide and this metal is known as lye while baking soda consists of a compound containing this metal and bicarbonate. For 10 points, name this alkali metal found along with chlorine in table salt.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ccc262a1ea57488fa67222e02d2b30d5",
            "input": "Stratonovich introduced a version of this operation for stochastic processes. Another type of this operation is named after Lebesgue (le bay). Fubini's theorem specifies the conditions under which the iterated type of this operation can be performed in a different order. Doing this (*) \"\"by parts\"\" is useful for certain products of functions. Another type of this operation is named after Riemann, and it can be approximated using the rectangle method. For 10 points, name this operation which is connected to differentiation by the fundamental theorem of calculus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81c1b3c5d0864d579174e99a50ab8543",
            "input": "The dot product of two vectors over the product of their lengths gives this function of the angle between them. A law named for this function generalizes the Pythagorean theorem to non-right triangles; it uses two sides of a triangle and the included angle to find the length of the third side. (*) For 10 points, name this trigonometric ratio commonly calculated as \"adjacent over hypotenuse\" in right triangles.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dfc77eda1ceb4ed28bd8149793dad5dd",
            "input": "This novels protagonist buys three baked yams on the street after emptying a spittoon on a Baptist preachers head, which results in him being banned from the Mens House for ninety-nine years and one day. He eventually leaves Marys home for good after a meeting at the Chthonian hotel helps cushion the loss of his job working for Mr. Kimbro at Liberty Paints, the only place that will take the protagonist after Dr. Bledsoe sends him away from his college for allowing Mr. Norton to meet Jim Trueblood. His new job entails him delivering speeches against Ras, whose inciting of destruction forces the narrator to flee, whereupon he falls through a manhole. Enlarged from its authors short story Battle Royal, it begins with the title character describing his life underground. FTP, name this novel by Ralph Ellison.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-496522f743aa49c0af81cb215074a5d1",
            "input": "In one opera by this composer, Leila is recognized as a woman who saved a man's life because of a necklace, and two characters sing the \"\"Friendship Duet. \"\" Zurga and Nadir feature in that opera by this composer. In another opera, this composer wrote the \"\"Flower Song\"\" and told of Don Jose's murder of the title character after she spurns him for the bullfighter Escamillo. For 10 points, name this French composer of the operas The Pearl Fishers and Carmen.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d90989594aad4b0994cd4479e77b715e",
            "input": "The sequel to this work uses the example of tigers in India to illustrate that things can be known either intuitively or representatively, and is called The Meaning of Truth. One of its sections discusses Vivekenanda's use of the Atman and the Whitman poem \"To You\" to describe when universal conceptions have meaning. It uses the example of a man chasing a squirrel around a tree to illustrate this works namesake method. Its opening section states that empiricism has no religion and rationalism has no facts, leading to \"The Present Dilemma in Philosophy\", and puts forth the dictum that truths come form facts. For 10 points, name this work espousing a namesake practical philosophy by William James.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5432c8edac6847c38fa595457b8c4063",
            "input": "During the battle of Lincoln, this man was captured by William de Cahaigne and afterwards imprisoned on the orders of his cousin. After the death of his son Eustace, this man signed the treaty of Wallingford which would settle his succession once and for all. His claim to power was made possible by his brother Theobald's lack of interest, and got Innocent II's papal blessing. His wife, Matilda of Boulogne, was an important ally, and she managed to have him released by exchanging him for Robert, Earl of Gloucester, his cousin's most prominent general. His mother, Adela, was a daughter of William the Conqueror, which gave him a claim on the throne. He further claimed that Henry I had appointed him as successor on his deathbed, with led to struggle with the Empress Matilda, known as the Anarchy. FTP, who was this last Norman king of England, predecessor of Henry II",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-352e79399e8042c5849d7918f3a34449",
            "input": "The bacteria responsible for this disease can form colonies with rugose morphology. The toxin in this disease ribosylates G proteins leading to constitutive cAMP production. Serogroup O1 of its causative agent is responsible for its Asiatic form. It is caused by a bacterium in genus (*) Vibrio, and death from this disease often is because of dehydration. For 10 points, name this severe disease of the intestines that can be contracted from drinking water contaminated with fecal material.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c0be7be1244461e84a738a8715407da",
            "input": "This work claims that sensation is always of a quality and that qualities are either primary-extension, figure, mobility, and number; or secondary-not really belonging to things but imputed to them. It goes on to argue that knowledge, at once general and real, must be of the relation of ideas to each other, though that point is more doubtful in The Reasonableness of Christianity, a follow up to this work. Its motif appears in the beginning, a refutation of the doctrine of \"innate ideas,\" maintaining that all knowledge is of empiric origin. FTP, name this philosophical treatise by John Locke.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4343ec8f2bf84426b9c0839ae67d9e57",
            "input": "One commander killed in this engagement invented a beech-loading rifle that had earlier been used in the Battle of Brandywine. The Patriot commanders in this battle utilized shifting positions along the base of the central topological entity in this battle, while the leading Loyalist officer's decision to put on a plaid shirt to cover his officer's colors resulted in his demise, as Patriot snipers trained their sights onto the shirt. Colonels John Sevier and William Campbell led part of the Patriot attack at this engagement, and were opposed by Major Patrick Ferguson's force of roughly 1,100 Loyalists. For 10 points, name this Patriot victory in the American Revolution in North Carolina, which followed Horatio Gates' defeat at Camden.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7ec0068b8c44568ad93d3235642a7cd",
            "input": "One ruler of this country had a secret police force whose name meant \"The Ear of Corn,\" the Mazorkas. In addition to that caudillo named Juan Manuel de Rosas, another ruler of this nation was supported by the Descamisados. This country was the site of the \"Dirty War,\" which was instigated by Jorge Rafael Videla. This nation, along with Brazil and Uruguay, defeated Paraguay in the War of the Triple Alliance. It was once ruled by Juan Peron, whose wife was known as Evita. For 10 points, name this South American country whose leaders reside in Buenos Aires.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81495953e88540439b65cd6fc7f7424e",
            "input": "This functional group is produced in the second step of the Darzens condensation and can be synthesized enantioselectively using a manganese-salen complex as a catalyst or a combination of titanium tetraisopropoxide and diethyl tartrate in reactions named for Jacobsen and Sharpless. Reaction with tungsten reagents and triphenylphosphine will result in elimination to produce alkenes; in the inverse reaction, a butterfly mechanism is hypothesized this functional group's formation from the reaction of a peroxyacid with an alkene. It may also be produced from a halohydrin via an intramolecular Williamson reaction. FTP name this highly strained functional group, a three-membered cyclic ether.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49463a9c5ded45d98af757b5986c8f1a",
            "input": "This writer of A Letter Concerning Toleration also helped draft the Fundamental Constitution of the Carolinas. In one this man's works, he criticizes the so-called Divine Right of Kings and designates the role of the government as protecting the natural rights of mankind. This man's most famous idea is that men learn and gain ideas through experience and begin with a state of mind called the \"tabula rasa.\"  For 10 points, name this thinker, who wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Two Treatises of Government.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe4b532f37a94b16aba7e20e4a687dd0",
            "input": "One character in this play describes another as a sucker who is getting smaller, saying that in another year \"there'd be nothing left but his smell.\" Another character in this play regrets not professing his love for Lydia before she got married and had three children. In this play, George is told to remember incidents such as when his father blamed Frank for giving him a bad tip about oil stock. The death of a character not seen in this play is not believed by his mother Kate due to the fact that November 25th was his most favorable day, but that belief is shattered when Ann gives her a letter revealing that Larry purposely crashed his plane after discovering that his father had covered up defects in engine cylinders for P-40s. For 10 points, name this play about Joe Keller by Arthur Miller.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e4f25a77f244ff4af837dbb0a619a01",
            "input": "This man's head was preserved in honey and oil after his death in battle, and his cousin Stephen III replaced this man's elder brother with. Basarab Laiota. He fled his homeland after Bogdan II of a neighboring region was murdered, and as a child he was sent to Adrianople as appeasement. His older brother was blinded with iron forks and killed at Tirgoviste, and this ruler's wife threw herself into the Arges River. He launched the \"Night Attack\" to stave off Sultan Mehmed II, but he was soon imprisoned by Matthias Corvinus after the defection ofhis brother Radu the Handsome. For ten points, identify this voivode of Wallachia who got his epithet for his cruel methods of execution and provided the inspiration for Bram Stoker's Dracula.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c90cd840f86c487da4714366f39e6b8e",
            "input": "In this novel, Lebezyatnikov exposes another character after he slips a hundred-ruble note in a girl's pocket. This novel's protagonist refuses copying work given to him by his university friend Razumikhin, and he also receives a letter from his mother Pulkheria telling of his sister's engagement to Luzhin. Porfiry Petrovich mistakenly (*) investigates a pair of painters in this novel, not long after Alyona Ivanova and Lizaveta are found murdered. For ten points, identify this novel in which the creepy Svidrigailov and prostitute Sonya make the acquaintance of Raskolnikov, who murdered a pawnbroker with an axe, a work of Fyodor Dostoevsky.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8111c2a0944f4b05bddbc1ca4dba3272",
            "input": "One character in this novel marries his true love after being disinherited for his earlier relationship with Lucy Steele. Another character in this novel, Fanny, refuses to allow her brother to love her sister-in-law, driving the latter to depart for the cottage of John Middleton. One of this novel's protagonists enters into a whirlwind romance with John Willoughby, who soon abandons her. This novel resolves with Colonel Brandon and Edward Ferrars respectively marrying Elinor and Marianne Dashwood. For 10 points, name this Jane Austen novel which contrasts Elinor's good judgment with Marianne's impulsiveness.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fccc5a79da544b8681dabbf8d5cbe9a6",
            "input": "One character in this work uses a hashish metaphor to counter an accusation that he has done his master more harm than good and is laughed at for using big words during a debate with some southern scholars. That character later stands on some ramparts alone, playing a zither, thus dissuading his rival from following him, while in a different episode that character captured and released a barbarian general seven times. Another character, who rides a horse named Red Hare, betrays and kills the man whom he used to serve as a bodyguard, Dong Zhuo. The victors of the Battle of Xiapi later hang Lu Bu, though before he is killed, he is almost recruited by Cao Cao. For 10 points, name this work by Luo Guanzhong, in which an oath is taken in a peach garden by Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Liu Bei during the Yellow Turban Rebellion.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-550b59b517fc41bca1c17e4dd23046c0",
            "input": "One possible cooperative example of this effect is the vibronic theory of ferroelectricity, an idea that was first suggested by Bersuker. Longuet-Higgins was responsible for the first demonstration of this effect in optic spectroscopy by calculating energy levels of a system with the E-e problem. This effect is similar to the RTE, and the pseudo type of this is demonstrated in the stereochemical non-rigidity of molecules and ions as well as in fluxional behavior. This is most often encountered in octahedral complexes of the transition metals as well as six-coordinate copper II complexes. For ten points, name this doubly-eponymous effect where non-linear molecules experience a geometrical distortion under certain conditions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3fce6a60750e466a93d79b8721b28412",
            "input": "This man claimed a certain people had no philosophical tradition of their own in a book that explores the two distinct spheres of influence created for men and women of those people. This man discussed the continuity of strong central government in The Old Regime and the Revolution. This man argued that it was not law, but social mores descended from the (*) \"Puritan founding\", that maintained equality in a work that began as a prison study. That book examined the importance of townships in forming the title type of government and was written after this man spent nine months observing the society and customs of some former British colonies . For 10 points, name this French noble who traveled to the US in the 1830s to write Democracy in America.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec0fc2a70d49465c834b451a085d38a0",
            "input": "In one of this man's works, the titular scholar is killed while on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, while a debate set at the court of King Pedro I of Castille forms the basis for his \"Disputation. \" His late works include a ballet libretto entitled Doctor Faust, and a prose work called The Gods in Exile. One of this writer's collections contains \"Evening Twilight,\" \"The Avowal,\" and \"Night in the Cabin,\" and in addition to writing The North Sea cycle, this poet wrote about a Babylonian king in his poem \"Belshazzar. \" This poet wrote epics like Atta Troll and Germany: A Winter's Tale, while another one of his collections includes the sections \"Stories,\" \"Lamentations,\" and \"Hebrew Melodies,\" and is entitled Romanzero. For ten points, identify this poet of the \"Book of Songs,\" who described a mythical creature that combed its hair and sung a deadly song in his \"Die Lorelai. \"  \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d51b6445386b4cde81276646522c6bfd",
            "input": "The characteristic feature of this phylum of animals is composed of a matrix of conchiolin (conk-EYE-o-lin) which binds to aragonite. The ctenidia (ten-ID-ee-uh) are a breathing apparatus in this phylum which includes periwinkles and conniwinks. The chiton (KAI-ton) is an extremely primitive member of this phylum, whose members possess a scraping feature used for collecting food called the radula (RAD-yoo-luh). Among the classes found in this phylum are cephalopods, (*) gastropods, and bivalves. For 10 points, name this class of shelled invertebrates that includes mussels and clams.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b1c044c280ef442e83e9f6f13cab9f99",
            "input": "A misunderstanding in this opera spares the Countess of Ceprano [chehp-RAH-noh] from possible physical harm. The title character of this opera is subjected to a curse by Monterone [mon-tair-OH-nay] at the end of its first act, which opens with one character singing about his success with women in \"Questa o quella\". In this opera, Sparafucile [SPAR-ah-FOO-chee-lay] almost kills Maddalena and is prevented from doing so by Gilda's decision to die instead. In this opera's most famous aria, the Duke of Mantua laments the fickleness of women; that song is \"La donna e mobile\". Name this opera about an Italian jester, composed by Giuseppe Verdi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-947ed27782724d4c926ee9ff4bbb3aaf",
            "input": "This composer created one of the very first roles of the Luthal instrument in his Tzigane, and his piano duet written for Mimi and Jean Godebski is entitled Mother Goose. \"The Valley of Bells\" and \"A Boat on the Ocean\" are two sections of his difficult Miroirs, and he included \"Ondine\" and \"Le Gibet\" in his piano work meant to be more difficult than Balakirev's Islamey, Gaspard de la nuit. The end of one work features an eight bar shift from C major to E major right before bass drum and cymbals make their first entrance reinforcing the ostinato first played by the snare drums. For 10 points, name this composer, who created Pavane for a Dead Princess and the repetitive Bolero.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-085cca7dabbb47bebead3ad4a4170c13",
            "input": "This organelle's lamina helps support its shape. Some protists have both a macro and micro version of this organelle. One part of this organelle is the location of ribosome synthesis, while importins and exportins assist in transport in and out of this organelle. This organelle, whose envelope is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, has pores in its double membrane. Transcription occurs within this organelle, which disappears during mitosis as its chromatin assemble into chromosomes. For 10 points, name the control center of the cell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-140cf18b49494e17a05a1278306d38ca",
            "input": "Its current Prime Minister was implicated in a fake employment contract debacle known as the Annajat scandal. A Greek-American expatriate was ransomed after being kidnapped in this country, prompting Teddy Roosevelt to claim the government wants \"Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead. \" The publication by Gilles Perrault, \"Our Friend the King\" which documented the human rights violations of this country's previous monarch significantly deteriorated its relationship with France. The deployment of the (*) German gunboat Panther to a port city of this country eventually sparked the second international crisis and earlier the first international crisis was tentatively settled at the Algeciras Conference. For 10 points, name this country currently ruled by the Alaouite king Muhammad VI, with capital at Rabat.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6cd592feb5ae42188852f8fcef939a75",
            "input": "Egorov's theorem relates two types of this property for measurable functions. A theorem named for Vitali applies when a dominating function cannot be found; when one can, Lebesgue's dominated this theorem applies. This property also makes Fatou's lemma reduce to that theorem. The pointwise type of this property is weaker than the uniform type. On the complex plane, this condition's equivalent is named for Cauchy, since there, it's possible for each element past some point to be arbitrarily close, without approaching a unique value. For 10 points, name this property lacked by the partial sums of the harmonic series, which requires that a sequence has a limit.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24d563ffdda844548aa8fd693219fadc",
            "input": "This country's extinct Mt. Gambier forms four crater lakes and it is bounded to the north by the Arafura Sea. A treeless limestone plateau called Nullarbor Plain lies on its large southern bight. The Bass Strait separates an island state from its mainland, and this country's Cape Yorke Peninsula serves as a border to the Gulf of (*) Carpentaria and as the northern terminus of the Great Dividing Range. Other features of it include Lake Eyre and the Great Sandy Desert. Tasmania lies to the south of, for 10 points, what island nation whose largest city is Sydney",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43daac0d24e64682abbca576dc0678c8",
            "input": "The Tobin effect shows how this phenomenon encourages investors to place their money in real capital projects. Its built-in form comes from adaptive expectations and is part of Gordons triangle model. Tobin and Mundell showed that real economic effects can occur from expectation of this phenomenon, which can lead to inefficiencies from shoe-leather and menu costs. The existence of this phenomenon prevents a liquidity trap. The Fisher hypothesis argues that the real interest rate is independent of this phenomenon, which is measured by changes in the GDP deflator or CPI. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, coming in cost-push and demand-pull varieties, which causes the consumer price index to rise as money becomes devalued.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8735506e17143809eb6f7e6afc7f6b2",
            "input": "the hot chocolate effect, this quantity is reduced because of bubble density, which occurs due to the addition of fine powders to liquids. The mass specific total enthalpy in perfect gas compressible flow is equal to a term featuring this quantity squared multiplied by quantity one plus partial derivative of pressure with respect to energy multiplied by M squared, end quantity. For an ideal gas, this is given by the square root of the adiabatic index times pressure divided by density, and it is generally given by the square root of the bulk modulus divided by density. Generally approximated as 331 meters per second in dry air at 0 Celsius, the speed of an object divided by this quantity is known as the Mach number. For 10 points, name this quantity defined as the rate at which waves that transfer noise move through an elastic medium.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44356acf2e9445628ddd8bd139aae348",
            "input": "In an incident in this novel the protagonist befriends a woman after mistakenly assuming she had not yet taken off her shoes. Nancy Derek has an affair with the superintendent of police McBryde, while Harry Turton is the tax collector for a town whose Chief Civil Surgeon, Major Callendar, is the protagonist's boss. Set in Chandrapore, a central event in this novel allegedly occurs at the Marabar caves where Mrs Moore and Ronny Heaslop's wife travel. Adela Quested accuses Dr. Aziz of rape in, for 10 points, what E.M. Forster novel",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53bf70a91ad64263997f04e88a5a10dd",
            "input": "This figure was said to have become omniscient near a sal tree at the shore of the Rjupalika river. His followers disagree on whether or not his embryo was transplanted from another woman into his mother's womb by Indra. After allowing himself to be bitten by insects for twelve years, he attained the state of kevala and proclaimed the \"five great vows,\" one more than his predecessor Parshvanatha. This advocate against the Brahmanic practice of large-scale animal sacrifice was the son of Trishala, the last of twenty-four women who had exactly fourteen auspicious dreams, heralding the birth of this final \"ford-maker\" or Tirthankara. For 10 points, name this sixth-century BCE Indian who preached \"ahimsa\" and founded Jainism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2088f5b075934f0d8da8c5bea45d37cf",
            "input": "This ruler's physician Moses Hamon got him to denounce blood libels against Jews, and he had his concubine Mahidevran or Gulbahar banished for beating his wife. This ruler died of natural causes during the Siege of Szigetvar, at which a tiny Croatian force under Nikola Zrinski delayed his army of 100,000 for over a month. This ruler's Code of the Rayas lifted many of his subjects from serfdom, and together with his Grand Mufti Ebussuud he brought Qanun closer to Sharia. At the Battle of Preveza, Hayreddin Barbarossa won a victory which secured this man's domination of the eastern Mediterranean, and he appointed John Zapolya King of Hungary after the death of Louis II at the Battle of Mohacs. The husband of Roxelana, for 10 points, name this son of Selim the Grim, an Ottoman Sultan of the sixteenth century known as \"the magnificent\".",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0385b8c561f3413496cc3ae6e7fb5830",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel imagines a meeting attended by Lady Cockpurse and Reggie St. Cloud, whom a bridge-playing morphine addict nicknamed the shameless blond had brought in an airplane. Minor characters include the private detectives Blenkinsop and James, who accompany the protagonist and a waitress named Milly to a seaside resort, and the protagonist's son, John Andrew, whose death while riding his horse Thunderclap leads the protagonist's wife to confess to an affair with John Beaver. The protagonist's wife Brenda eventually marries his friend Jock Grant-Menzies after he chooses to accompany Mettinger on an expedition to Brazil, where he is captured by Todd and forced to read Dickens to him in perpetuity. Taking its name from The Waste Land, this is, for 10 points, what novel about Tony Last by Evelyn Waugh.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa4e2e3afafe400e91528311e4917cae",
            "input": "It is unknown whether they are Majorana particles, and therefore it is unclear if they are released in double beta decays. They were recently used in an article in Nature to investigate the uranium and thorium content of the inner Earth. Found to oscillate between their different varieties by experiments conducted in Japanese mines, they were shown to not be massive enough to account for dark matter. However, the KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande experiments did show that, contrary to long-held suspicions, they do have mass. FTP, name these uncharged leptons that come in electron, muon, and tau varieties.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fec9ea1703d145248419be779b3e7379",
            "input": "Cardiolipin is a so called \"double\" lipid with four fatty acid tails that is abundant in this organelle. Thermogenin acts as an uncoupler of one process that occurs in these structures in brown fat cells, which get their color due to the abundance of these structures. The F1 complex of a protein found in this structure has been shown to be water soluable, and that protein's F0 complex is a transmembrane domain that releases its product onto the F1 complex. Cytochrome C is a peripheral protein found in the intermembrane space of this organelle, and secretion of that enzyme serves as a signal to trigger apoptosis. For 10 points, name this semi-autonomous organelle, where the bulk of ADP phosphorylation occurs, often called the \"powerhouse of the cell.\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5710f041dec84c4f831567ad40a729cc",
            "input": "One king of this polity subjugated the Arzawa kingdom, and under Tudhaliya I it managed to expand into Luwian territory. This empire fell after an invasion by the Kaskas and Bryges, and one document written by this empire states that its subject made his enemies into the frontier of the sea during his conquests. Its early rulers took the title Labarna, and another ruler of this polity defeated the Mitanni kingdom and annexed large parts of Syria, Suppiluliuma I. Another one of its rulers fought in the largest chariot battle in history against Ramses II; that ruler was Muwatallis II, who achieved a victory at Kadesh. For 10 points, name this Indo-European empire found in Anatolia with capital at Hattusa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0b819fb306594b0d8e6e91484636c458",
            "input": "The allylation of nucleophiles with allylic halides is one example of the Tsuji-Trost reactions catalyzed by this element. Eaborn discovered that it can catalyze the reaction of aryl halides with hexa-n-butyldistannane, and more broadly it underlies the reaction of vinylic and aromatic systems with organostannanes in the Kosugi-Migita-Stille coupling. Also used for the coupling of alkenes and either halides or pseudohalides in the Mizoroki-Heck reactions, this element's chloride is reduced by calcium carbonate before lead acetate is added in the creation of a catalyst which is named for Lindlar. For 10 points, name this element, the least dense of the platinum group metals.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d45e983c38b1403bb071b450d1c2e535",
            "input": "A passage in which two dark figures are reclining separates a crowd of onlookers who are obscured by shadow in the background of this painting, while a skylight not visible to the viewer illuminates the forehead of one of the central figures. On the left, a man behind a desk is writing on a piece of paper above a woman who raises her hands in a clawlike gesture to shield her view from the central action. Blood covers the fingers of the central figure, who stares out at the viewer, while four figures with scalpels at right concentrate on a naked form. FTP, name this painting by Thomas Eakins.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21c88ae47ab842a38d43b480b505f829",
            "input": "One of these functional groups can be added to a terminal alkyne, frequently catalyzed by copper(I), in what has been referred as the paradigm of click chemistry by K. Barry Sharpless. That is a 1,3-dipolar reaction known as the Huisgen cycloaddition, which results in a 1,2,3-triazole. One of these is reacted with tri-phenyl-phosphine in the Staudinger reaction; that reaction results in tri-phenyl-phosphine oxide and a reduced version of this functional group. These are defined as compounds containing the group N3 with one nitrogen attached to a parent structure. FTP, name this functional group which can be reduced to amines.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-522668187b664f329d550dd7489f6a6a",
            "input": "A well-known method for their production utitlizes a cyanide nucleophile. They react with reducing sugars in the Maillard reaction, and their phi-psi torsion angles are shown on a Ramachandran plot. One of these is the namesake of a zipper that forms an alpha-helix conformation, and accumulation of one example of this group causes phenylketonuria. These compounds are created in the Strecker synthesis and a carboxyl and their namesake group are found in the twenty most common ones, which are linked by peptide bonds. FTP, name this type of compound that makes up proteins.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-974b0717afdf490588e3843d74263932",
            "input": "The name for this type of organic compound was first used in 1730 by F.G. Frobenius, and non-IUPAC names for some include anisole and phenetole. Used as solvents for Grignard reagents, and as inert media for reactions like the Grignard and Wurtz-Fittig reactions, along with esters, these can be tested for by splitting them with hydroiodic acid, known as the Zeisel method. These are soluble in organic liquids, but most are not soluble in water, an exception to which is dioxane, a (*) cyclic one of these. They are generally synthesized by reacting alkyl halides with sodium alcoholates, a process known as Williamson synthesis. Featuring two R groups connected to an oxygen, FTP, name this group of organic compounds whose diethyl type is often used as an anasthetic.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-544c8289602c42dc84198cb5e1962b0a",
            "input": "In the fallout of this event, Alexander Baring claimed that \"No slight to the authority of the United States was ever intended. \" One of its instigators was killed by an Irish rebel name Benjamin Lett, and in the incident, only one man named Amos Durfee was killed, although initial reports indicated that dozens had died. After a failed revolt, Rensselaer Van Rensselaer took refuge on Navy Island, leading to this event. It was perpetrated by Col. Allan MacNab, and in retaliation, Martin Van Buren ordered the burning of the S.S. Robert Peel. FTP, name this incident, which saw Canadian loyalists cross the US border to burn a ship supplying separatists.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-205e4760d60549ba9c7a3ef412fbcffa",
            "input": "[AR] Raup in 1975 claims in order to utilize the negative survivorship curve at the center of this effect one must assume that there exists a stable age distribution. Coined by Van Valen in 1973, one of the primary consequences of this supposition is that it provides evolutionary legitimization for sexual reproduction to fight off disease. Its primary formulation states, \"For an evolutionary system, continuing development is needed just in order to maintain its fitness relative to the systems it is co-evolving with. \" For 10 points, name this hypothesis that suggests that constant evolutionary change may be required in order to avoid extinction named after a character who must continually run to stand still in a work by Lewis Carroll.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79c7b09443c548e09c35e4ab51587c4f",
            "input": "HSP90 aids in the delivery of substances to the translocase of outer membrane complex found on these entities, which are also the site of the combination of protoporphyrin IX with iron to form heme. Kearns-Sayre syndrome and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy are examples of diseases associated with the transfer of their genetic material, a process which in over 99 percent of mammals involves maternal inheritance as there are roughly 1000 times more of these in oocytes than in sperm. Along with chloroplasts, these are the subjects of endosymbiotic theory, and the foldings of its inner membrane are known as cristae. FTP, identify this double-membrane cell organelle that generates the majority of the ATP in a cell.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6d0191bf5f549f38ef1a24d237de6e1",
            "input": "In the second act, the villains of this opera swear an oath of vengeance in \"Der Rache Werk\" just before the heroine appears and sings \"Euch Lften, die mein Klagen\" at the beginning of the Balcony Scene. That heroine's first act soliloquy \"Einsam in trben Tagen\" describes her dream of the title character, who is forced to leave after Ortrud goads the heroine into asking the title character his name. A mechanical error during a performance led Leo Slezak to quip, \"What time does the next swan leave\"  The Bridal Chorus plays during Elsa's marriage in, FTP, this Wagner opera centering on the titular son of Parsifal.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1811ab4369345799be2519cc752fa03",
            "input": "Notable translators of it include Alexander Heidel, who rendered all the dirty passages into Latin, and John Gardner. The characters include Siduri \"whose drinks refresh the soul\" and Ninsun the title character's mother, who interprets many of this dreams. Often known by its first line \"He who saw everything,\" in the latter part of the work the hero encounters talking scorpions who allow him to ascend Mount Mashu and a snake who steals the plant of eternal life which Utnapishtam had told him of. Earlier the hero slew Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven with his friend Enkidu. For 10 points - identify this Babylonian poem about a king of Uruk.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e1a9753e8514204aea88860eef0c34a",
            "input": "A weight of the nth power of this parameter is imputed to contributions to elements of an S matrix by nth-order Feynman diagrams; thus, this number can be considered the order of expansion in perturbative quantum electrodynamics. This constant is a measure of the electron anomalous magnetic moment, which explains its role in the relativistic splitting of atomic spectral lines that is its namesake. The coupling constant for the electromagnetic interactions of electrons, it is equal to the square of the ratio of the electron and Planck charges, or, in cgs units, the electron charge squared divided by the speed of light times Diracs constant. For ten points, name this physical constant usually denoted alpha and equal to about one over one hundred thirty-seven.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9290915feaa249f0ae7f2456ba6e6b3b",
            "input": "This man invented a primitive form of roulette in his goal to develop a perpetual motion machine. His namesake geometric theorem involves a hexagon inscribed in a conic section, whose opposite sides can be used to derive a special line. In fluid mechanics, a principle named for him allows people to break the bottom of a bottle by hitting the top; that principle states that pressure will be transmitted throughout an enclosed, static fluid. A wager named for this man, although philosophical, contributed to probability theory. Identify this French mathematician whose namesake triangle lists off binomial coefficients where each row corresponds to a different power.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-429e07a89eda42538c1aa746632aa82e",
            "input": "This man wrote a play in which Joe Keller knowingly ships defective parts to the military during WWII. That play is All My Sons. In another play by this author Rebecca Nurse is accused of a crime and Tituba is a servant whose confession launches the inquest. This author wrote a play that has a contrast between Uncle Ben's success in the diamond minds and the life of his brother Willy Loman. Willy is the titular figure who kills himself in that play. For 10 points, name this author of The Crucible and Death of a Salesman.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18042d52cb384a628f2ec9c5c35c1a35",
            "input": "This man's works include a number of buildings on Nuns' Island in Montreal and a building which features a translucent onyx wall, the Villa Tugendhat. While working at IIT, he designed the Farnsworth House, and his \"skin and bones\" architecture is exemplified by such works as the Lake Shore Drive Apartments. He and Lilly Reich created the Barcelona Chair for his German Pavilion, while another of his designs features three-position window blinds and the Four Seasons Restaurant, and is located on Park Avenue. For 10 points, identify this last chairman of the Bauhaus, who said \"less is more\" and collaborated with Phillip Johnson on the Seagram Building.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9be4ff1124874ecabc93afbe2b9366d0",
            "input": "When this man told Asopus that Zeus was romancing his daughter Aegina, Asopus went after Zeus but was hit in the leg with a lightning bolt. Two of his sons were killed by their mother Tyro. He also wed Anticlia, who he had earlier kidnapped; he did this to punish her father, Autolycus, who had been stealing his cattle. He was the son of Aeolus and Enarete, and he founded the Isthmian Games. This king of Corinth persuaded Hades to use a pair of novelty handcuffs on himself, preventing the dead from reaching the underworld, which eventually resulted in his punishment. For 10 points, name this man who was condemned to roll a boulder up a hill for all eternity.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbaf3e7fbdcf4292a1cddb67802914a1",
            "input": "This work includes an extended analysis of the purpose and nature of architecture as a conflict between rigidity and gravity to illustrate how indistinctly originating human ideas are brought to clarity. The author uses the analogy of magnetism and electricity as the same force to compare to the dual nature of two central concepts, and another section of this work reduces another philosopher's theory of twelve categories of understanding into the single category of causality. This work introspectively deduces that humans perceive their bodies by means of two of the title concepts, both of which consist of the same reality and differ only due to alternate human perspectives. Developing the theory of an entity which exists independently of human experience which is the cause of all sensations, for 10 points, name this text which introduces the \"thing-in-itself\" as a correction to Kant's metaphysics, a work of Arthur Schopenhauer.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec197bee558f41fe87efa783ff7c2ee8",
            "input": "Many of his great paintings are now in Russia, as is the case with The Conversation. Late in his life he was too weak to stand at an easel, so he turned to papercuts, the most famous of which was Beasts of the Sea. His artistic career began with his decoration of his grandparent's house at Le Cateau, a theme that he copied in designing the sets for Diaghilev's ballet The Nightingale. His notable paintings include a portrait of his wife entitled Green Stripe, the beautifully thematic The Red Room, and perhaps the most famous, his Joy of Life. FTP, name this French painter known as the founder and leader of the Fauves.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee3808d51d884c93b6742acd8a54c895",
            "input": "The scherzo of this composeras first violin concerto begins with the soloist giving octave downbeats to accompany a quick 3/8 melody in the flute and bass clarinet. One of this composeras cello concertos begins with the soloist playing what sounds like aG-E-B-B-flata [read slowly], although it is in E-flat major. The development of the first movement of his fifth symphony begins with a low ashort-short-longa piano figure and the French horns loudly playing the first theme at the bottom of their range. This composeras first cello concerto has a brass section of just one French horn, and his C-minor first piano concerto uses an orchestra of just strings and one trumpet. His A-minor first violin concerto consists of a nocturne, scherzo, passacaglia, and burlesque. His fifth symphony begins with a leap up a minor sixth in the low strings, which play in canon with the violins. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote his fifth symphony after being denounced by Stalin.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-17da45bc978d45eb8442ddfce6db73a6",
            "input": "A case involving an amendment to this piece of legislation was brought a party who believed its patent on a salt-measuring machine was infringed upon, and led to the creation of the \"Morton Salt rule. \" Another act that modified it mandated the used of a \"Notification and Report Form\" for certain types of interactions and was called the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act. Able to target certain legal acts in their incipiency, Section 7 of this act amended by Robinson-Patman act was originally targeted at holding companies and tests the legality of mergers. Notable for having more teeth than its predecessor, for 10 points, identify this 1914 antitrust act.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f39410057164d209ea701cb79b2a060",
            "input": "One work by this man depicts two knives on a table as the title king eats. One marble work by this man shows the title hero staring pensively into the distance, without a dragon. He depicted Erasmo de Narni with a spear atop a horse, and an effeminate version of a biblical hero with hat and sword. For 10 points name this sculptor of the Feast of Herod, St George, Gattamelata, and a bronze David.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a843abdefcb44d2bbb82b3bd7d4a1b5",
            "input": "nif regulon codes for enzymes central to this process, which may be inhibited by a shortage of alpha-ketoglutarate or excess glutamate. In some cyanobacteria, it is carried out in specialized thick-walled cells called heterocysts. Vanadium is sometimes used in an alternative co-factor to this process, but is not as common as FeMo-co, which contains homocitrate, an Fe7-S8 cube, and a (*) molybdenum center. The reductase involved in this process is irreversibly inactivated by oxygen, leading to conformational protection in free living aerobes like Azotobactor. This process is also carried out by bacteria including Rhizobium that grow in the root nodules of legumes. For 10 points, name this process which allows organisms to make use of a certain atmospheric gas by converting it to ammonia.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19ff17b1c5964968a3a962f2633376e3",
            "input": "A battery at Nicodemus Hill bombarded one position during this battle where John Sedgwick's advance from the East Woods was repulsed. A.P. Hill stopped Ambrose Burnside's attack on a stone bridge at this battle, before which one side's plans were found(*) wrapped around cigars. Intense fighting in this battle occurred at Miller's Cornfield and at a sunken road that was named for the carnage that occurred there, Bloody Lane. Abraham Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation after, for 10 points, what battle in Maryland, the bloodiest single day of the Civil War",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ec985fe02a94e21b59a72eb90bcde9f",
            "input": "Two versions of this quantity are located in the numerator of the protein folding phi value. This quantity is equal to the square of the sum of the Gibbs free energy and the reorganization energy divided by 4 times the reorganization energy according to Marcus theory. This quantity can be computed via synchronous transit methods, which seek to find a saddle point on a potential energy surface. The inverse of temperature is plotted against the natural log of the (*) rate constant to make a graph whose slope is equal to minus this quantity over R. It is represented by the distance between a local minimum and a transition state on a graph of energy vs reaction coordinate. Located in the numerator of the exponential of the Arrhenius equation, for 10 points, name this quantity lowered by catalysts which represents the energetic barrier to a chemical reaction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e86c53feb17d4b98b16ef6d0719b6d57",
            "input": "The apparatus which he used was marked as a \"type ZLB\" product of the Dyson Instrument Company of Waltham, Massachusetts. He arranged thirty switches in seven labeled groups of four and two marked XXX. Claiming that his goal was to test the effect of punishment on associative learning, he had \"teachers\" operate the machine. Nearly all \"teacher\" subjects continued to increase voltage even after the actor pretending to be the \"learner\" cried out in pain. FTP, name this man who designed the obedience experiment thus described.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6d1748eb9664d45beed85a0b893888f",
            "input": "Protrusions of this substance in the spine are called Schmorl's nodes, and Tietze syndrome occurs when this is inflammed. Its fibro type can be found in symphyses, while the pinna is composed of its elastic type. The hyaline type of this substance is covered by the perichondrium. (*)  Intervertebral discs are made of this substance, which heals slowly due to its lack of blood vessels. Chondrocytes are cells found in this substance, and during endochondral ossification, it is replaced with bone. Patients with osteoarthritis have a loss of this substance, which normally helps lubricate joints. For ten points, name this connective tissue which makes up the human nose and ear.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44f8c7b679284c1c806bb5ec9622ac87",
            "input": "The composer of the song The Crabs once saved the life of this ruler, whose name is borne on a law abolishing of immunities of the clergy; this ruler had helped it pass before becoming the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He defeated a coup by leading the Rebels in the War of the Reform, causing this man to succeed Comonfort, and he went on to annul his countrys foreign debts, leading to the Battle of Puebla. A key figure in drafting the Plan of Ayutla, he put down several insurrections by Porfirio Diaz prior to his death in 1872. FTP, name this Mexican leader who opposed French rule under Maximilian.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b0780e54ed44d52931caf10bb7d0f64",
            "input": "John Hakac claimed that this poem's \"organically complete\" third stanza contains \"three distinct phases of love\". Its speaker makes a comparison to \"a magic lantern\" which \"threw the nerves in patterns on a screen\" and describes \"the voices dying with a dying fall / Beneath the music from a farther room\". Its speaker admits that he is \"not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be\" and says he \"should have been a pair of ragged claws / Scuttling across the floors of silent seas\". Opening with the line \"Let us go then, you and I,\" it describes the speaker's distaste for women who \"come and go / Talking of Michelangelo. \" For 10 points, identify this poem by T. S. Eliot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe906b018c164a2199447724af424e2a",
            "input": "Henry Kister wrote numerous books on the design and operation of this type of process. It is possible to adjust equilibrium behavior to observed behavior in this type of process using an efficiency calculation named after Murphree, and Hengstebeck diagrams can be used for troubleshooting when multiple components are present. Stanislaw Wasylkiewicz developed a model using bifurcation theory to determine effectiveness of two sequential processes of this type running at different pressures. A one-stage related process is called a (*) flash unit, and the upper portion of columns where this process occurs is known as the rectifying section. When multiple components are present the bulk separation in this process is targeted between a light and a heavy key. It's not adsorption, but its pressure-swing form or addition of entrainers can be used to break azeotropes. For 10 points, name this technique for separating components by volatility, often conducted in multi-trayed columns.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5e4241ba2f84b6390b11b3ca7ad3dba",
            "input": "His Variations on a theme of Corelli was released well after leaving his homeland for the U.S. where he twice turned down leadership of the Boston Symphony. His earlier output includes two Suites for two pianos, two elegiac trios for keyboard and strings, and a Vespers. His struggle with depression is evident and he actually dedicated his Second Symphony to his psychiatrist Nikolay Dahl. This occurred after his time studying with Alexander Solti and Nikolay Zverev in Moscow, and the writing of his opera Aleko. Other famous works by this Romantic composer include the choral symphony The Bells, the symphonic poem The Rock, and his Rhapsody on a theme of Paganini. FTP identify this 20th century composer best known for his third Piano Concerto No. 3 in D Minor and The Isle of the Dead.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8228a4e9a73f426693f63b4ba4b2ff0a",
            "input": "During this conflict, Danish and Frisian troops helped Sancho I capture Alvor, and Iconium was taken by a force that had earlier captured Adrianople; however, the momentum of the latter force was lost when its leader died near the Salif River. Another force had to detour to Cyprus in order to free Berengaria, the fiancee of one of its leaders. Finally united at (*) Acre, the attacking forces won the city and then fought a pitched battle at Arsuf. It failed to take Jerusalem, and in 1192 Saladin agreed to allow pilgrims access to the city, thus ending the conflict. For 10 points, name this crusade which saw the peacemaking efforts of Philip II, the death of Frederick Barbarossa, and the quick return to England by Richard the Lion-Hearted.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35a59b5f738d45309b72ebe50f93b0d2",
            "input": "One series of works by this person is exemplified by a work with a telephone pole having no wires connected to it in the center-left background, behind a pre-indicated stop sign and street sign with the work's title location. Another series by this artist contains one work in which blue shuttered windows and doors, the one at top-left open, frame the two title objects, red and blue, which lean, folded, against the wall and another work in which a glass-and-adobe building and director's chair look out at a yellow board above a pool containing the titular phenomenon. The aforementioned works from this artist's photomontage and pool series are Pearblossom Highway, 11-18th April 1986 #2; Two Deckchairs, Calvi; and A Bigger Splash. A painting by this artist shows a woman with short blond ringlets in a long, loose black dress in front of a closed shutter standing near her barefoot green-clad husband, in whose lap rests a white cat, the third title figure. For 10 points, name this creator of the aforementioned painting of Mr. and Mrs. Clark and Percy, an erstwhile English Pop artist.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e472af3c73504cd2b97a6b08d901701a",
            "input": "Landau quantization in two dimensional systems can explain effects due to this entity, which produces a toroidal shape in tokamaks, and is also equal to the curl of the vector potential A. A potential difference is formed when this is applied perpendicularly to the current in the Hall effect, and charge is multiplied by velocity cross this quantity to find the (*) Lorentz force. One can integrate this quantity around a closed loop to find the enclosed current according to Ampere's law, and Gauss's Law states that the net flux of this through a surface is zero. The SI unit of Tesla measures, for ten points, what counterpart to the electric field",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-716fbb987308486580cd60ad8d14b134",
            "input": "After fleeing the Russian Army, Jaroslaw Dabrowski became its military leader. Another of its leaders was nicknamed \"locked up\" because he spent over half his life in jail. A week before it was declared, Generals Jacques Thomas and Claude Lecomte were murdered. Those deaths led to a crisis in which the Central Committee of the National Guard declared itself powerless, and a council consisting of 92 members took power under the presidency of Auguste Blanqui. It temporarily cancelled rents, had pawnbrokers return tools to their original owners, and abolished the guillotine. In the end, it was crushed by Marshall MacMahon over the course of \"Bloody Week. \"  FTP, name this socialist government which for two months in 1871 held power in the capital of France.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88ac6e0a6ff84865a825b3ef26838e4d",
            "input": "An extension of this statement was refined by Wilfried Sieg to include only boundedness, locality, and determinancy, and Steven Wolfram expanded it to systems in the natural world. Tibor Rado introduced a function for which it doesn't apply known as the busy beaver, and it could be challenged by the existence of an oracle. One version of it grew out of Hilbert's decision problem, while another formulation stated that real world numerical problems could be expressed using the lambda calculus. For 10 points, name this doubly eponymous principle that says every computable function can be computed with one of its namesake's machines.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c400834111bd478bbce115281dfd4973",
            "input": "Taft's strong dissent in Adkins v. Children's Hospital suggested that this case should be overruled. The \"era\" that this case ushered in ended with a case that saw the notorious \"switch in time to save nine,\" West Coast Hotel v. Parrish. Much of Rufus Peckham's opinion dealt with whether the law in question constituted a proper use of the police power. John Marshall Harlan's dissent in this case decried the Court's attempt to become a legislature, while Oliver Wendell Holmes's dissent stated that the fourteenth amendment does not enact Spencer's Social Statics. FTP, name this 1905 case which overturned a law concerning bakers' working hours.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b9929cf39d941669ffe082360c4377f",
            "input": "Self-Perception Theory is an alternative explanation of the data behind this this that focuses on observable behavior rather than mental processes, and counter-attitudinal advocacy is a brainwashing technique based on this. When a person undergoes this, extrinsic justification is preferred to intrinsic justification. A famous 1959 experiment dealing with this concept demonstrated that people paid a trivial amount of money rated mundane tasks more interesting than their higher-paid counterparts did. First proposed in 1957 by Leon Festinger after observations of a doomsday cult, this is, for ten points, what condition that is caused when a person has two or more conflicting ideas",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-797586f267e949ccacec363071dbb068",
            "input": "In this battle, Colonel Raiynin led the 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, which was composed entirely of young women. The command of Mamayev Kurgan altered several times during this battle, during which Yakov Pavlov used an apartment building as a fortress. During this battle's Operation Uranus, Vasilevsky and (*) Zhukov encircled the enemy, including General Paulus and his Sixth Army who were unsuccessful in constructing an air bridge with the Luftwaffe. For ten points, name this Eastern Front battle in which the Nazis were unable to take control of a certain Russian city on the Volga.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b40e86d39faf486c8df38dc79b8f8c4a",
            "input": "One character of one of this mans novels is the son of Abraham and Aurora and attempts to find Moorish paintings in Spain to find his heritage. That character, Moraes, is the title character of The Moors Last Sigh. Another work by this author examines the struggle of Ali Bhutto in Pakistan, and is entitled Shame. A better known novel by this author sees two characters float to earth after a terrorist bomb destroys their airplane, after which one gains a halo and another demon horns. Perhaps the best known novel by this author depicts Saleem Sinai, who was born at a certain time in 1947. For ten points, identify this author of The Satanic Verses and Midnights Children.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30a65748025d4d6d83fc0453acd1398d",
            "input": "A distressed youth grabs a lifeless master in this artist's Giclee depiction of the death of Leonardo, and he showed a nude girl sensuously pouring the contents of a vase in The Source. A red and white towel is wrapped around the hair of a nude figure in one work, while a nymph plays with the beard of a deity in another. This artist of The Bather of Valpincon and (*) Jupiter and Thetis showed a hunched man talking to a winged beast in his Oedipus and the Sphinx and the titular woman chained to a rock in his Roger Rescuing Angelica. Naked women abound in his Turkish Bath while one figure plays an instrument and the other is just very nude in Odalisque and Slave. Also depicting angels crowning the titular Greek poet, FTP, identify this French painter of The Apotheosis of Homer who added too many vertebrae to the reclining nude in La Grande Odalisque.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-848448f6de5940379fb9eea1d029f9fe",
            "input": "Early in his career, this man became head of the Cercles of Stanleyville, and distributed literature for the Liberal Party of his country. His movement would later break into two factions, one headed by this man, and another headed by Albert Kalonji. His time in office saw the rise of secessionist movement under Moise Tshombe of the CONAKAT party, leading to UN intervention. After his removal from office, his successor sent him to Katanga province, where he was tortured and executed by those same rebels. FTP, name this leader of the MNC who was overthrown by a CIA-backed coup lead by Joseph Mobutu, the first prime minister of the Congo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-349bb89061bc421892e2cfe44deb2f2b",
            "input": "By one of its provisions the French fortifications of Dunkirk were to be razed, while another gave Charles VI all the land that he coveted on the right bank of the Rhine. Another commercial part returned Savoy and Nice to Victor Amadeus II, and by the terms of the Asiento, Britain gained a virtual hegemony over the slave trade in the New World. Its three major portions were the Third Barrier Treaty, the Treaty of Baden, and The Treaty of Rastat. FTP, identify the name given to this series of treaties that, by 1715, ended the War of the Spanish Succession.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc205005c68a464c9d984f4065614004",
            "input": "This poem's speaker compares his praise of the \"glories of [his] King\" with the singing of \"committed linnets. \" Its speaker lies tangled in the hair of the title character, who is based on Lucy Sacheverell, and contrasts \"Fishes that tipple in the deep\" with \"Angels alone, that soar above. \" The speaker argues that \"When Love with unconfind wings / Hovers within [his] gates,\" the \"birds that wanton in the air / Know no such liberty. \" FTP, identify this poem that declares \"Stone walls do not a prison make / Nor iron bars a cage,\" by Richard Lovelace.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46f57f3f11bc4d1c95bb753c98b23413",
            "input": "The Left Book Club commissioned this author's description of northern England living conditions in The Road to Wigan Pier. He wrote about George Bowling contemplating the approaching Word War II in Coming up for Air, and his time in a certain country led to his account of \"Shooting an Elephant\" and his first novel, Burmese Days. He is better known for a work in which Mr. Jones and Mr. Frederick represent the leaders of Russia and Germany to characters like Boxer, Old Major, and Napoleon. For 10 points, name this British author of Animal Farm.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-049c2a9acff44eb6bc00d94a6c813e83",
            "input": "In one work by this creator of The Triumph of Caesar, a fat black bird, a dark-skinned man with a headdress, and a bunch of flying infants look down through a painted oculus in the ceiling of Camera degla Sposli, found in the (*) Mantuan Ducal Palace. This painter of Agony in the Garden also showed a woman sticking a handkerchief in her left eye on the side of a notably foreshortened corpse. For 10 points name this painter of Dead Christ.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a7d9387f7f34850bd608f8f6fa97f6f",
            "input": "This battle was preceded by the landing at Pevesney, and it took place at Senlac Hill. This battle was preceded by the defeat of Harald Hardrata at Stamford Bridge. According to the Bayeux Tapestry, one commander at this battle died after getting struck in the (*) eye by an arrow. Two months after this battle, the victor was crowned king in London. For 10 points, name this 1066 battle in which the forces of Harold II were defeated by the Norman forces under William the Conqueror.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79476d81791443308a01f5c004912041",
            "input": "Leopold Godowsky composed a passacaglia with 44 variations on the opening theme of this work, most later scores of which seem to be based off of the score published by Spina rather than the original monograph. Most drafts omit the sustained B pedal in the first horn and second bassoon at bar 109 in this piece, which open in the cellos and basses before its theme is brought in by the winds. A solo clarinet entrance brings in a second theme before passing to the oboes in the second movement of this work, during which its composer began composing the Wanderer Fantasy as well. It was first premiered by Johann Herbeck, who also added a third movement as a finale. For 10 points, name this eighth work by Schubert, so named for only containing two complete movements.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-305c9612eefc4317a1eb915b29150d21",
            "input": "Though he is not Fragonard, this artist painted a woman in a blue and white dress timidly stepping on the\\n title object in his painting The Swing. He painted a woman in a striped dress in front of a man peering\\n through opera glasses in his painting of a theater box. This artist painted a red background behind a pair of\\n sisters dressed in the title colors in his Pink and Blue. One painting by this artist shows a woman in a blue\\n and yellow striped dress being leaned over by another woman at a party, and in another painting this artist\\n shows a female figure attempting to kiss a small dog as three different people wear yellow straw hats. For\\n 10 points, name this artist of Dance at the Moulin de la Galette and Luncheon of the Boating Party.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0cf4836888c4a01a4d90a62d4a5dd47",
            "input": "After this artist challenged an attributed painting to Correggio that was actually by Francesco Furini, he was inspired to paint Sigismunda. His portrait of Captain Coram was painted for the Foundling Hospital its subject founded. This artist's painting Night depicts a magistrate who has the contents of a chamber pot emptied over him. This artist of The Four Times of the Day included his dog Trump and an S-shaped (*) \"line of beauty\" on a palette in his self-portrait The Painter and his Pug. Another of his artistic subjects is depicted dumping his pregnant fiancee Sarah Young and has his watch stolen by syphilis infected whores before he goes to Fleet debtor's prison and ends up in an insane asylum. For 10 points, name this satirist who depicted seedy London life in A Harlot's Progress and A Rake's Progress.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dde61cee021a40fb8d28c372c3afe8e0",
            "input": "Species responsible for mild forms of this ailment include vivax and knowlesi, the latter of which primarily affects macacas, while most serious forms of it are caused by the species falciparum. Extracts from Artemisia annua are used to combat this disease, whose pathogenesis involves merozoite spores infecting red blood cells. Its key vector is a member of genus Anopheles, and heterozygous alleles for sickle cell anemia confer a degree of resistance to this disease. Traditionally, the strongest treatment for it is a medicine derived from cinchona bark, quinine. For 10 points, identify this disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by Plasmodia that comes from Italian for bad air.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db60f41d034f47b3a0cc7b8141d0df55",
            "input": "The trouble in this novel begins when the protagonist's wife asks him for permission to go study economics at a university in London. When their son John dies, the protagonist sends his friend Jock Grant-Menzies to break the news to his wife, who then demands a divorce. He refuses to give her one, and she must ask her lover's mother, Mrs. Beaver for a job. Meanwhile, the protagonist goes to South America, where his friend Messinger dies and he is held captive by Todd, who makes him read aloud the novels of Dickens. The Lord of Hetton Abbey, Tony Last, is a main focus of, FTP, what novel by Evelyn Waugh",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3561c4c6d7434ed381f681aa48ccff53",
            "input": "One linguistic phenomenon named for this country can counteract the loss of distinction introduced by flapping, thus making \"writer\" and \"rider\" distinct words again, and is known as this country's namesake  \"raising.\" This country is the namesake of a linguistic phenomenon in which the cot-caught merger triggers the vowels in \"black,\" \"pen,\" and \"tin,\" to move backwards; that \"shift\" named for this country is essentially the opposite of the Northern Cities Vowel Shift. Unique words in this country's English include terms for what Americans call \"jelly donut,\" \"moonshine,\" and \"hoodie,\" which are \"jam buster,\" \"porch climber,\" and \"bunny hug.\" For 10 points, name this country, the homeland of linguists such as Stephen Pinker, which also uses terms such as \"ridings\" and \"First Nations\" and has a form of English which shares official language status with French.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f81062aa35064bbcace73a3c81523ef6",
            "input": "This island's city of Khania is located on the Akrotiri Peninsula. This island's only major flatlands is the Mesara Plain, which is separated from the Libyan Sea by the Asterousia Mountains. This island's mountains als include the Levka Ori and the Dhikti Ori. The oldest known theater was located at this island's site of Phaestus, and Nikos Kazantzakis Airport is located at this island's capital of (*) Heraklion. The highest point on this island is Mount Ida. For 10 points, name this island that was the home of the Minoan civilization.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb874035f1a1454e9099805a14000c4d",
            "input": "During glycogen synthesis, a diphosphate derivative of this molecule serves as a carrier for glucose monomers. Cytosine spontaneously deaminates to form this molecule, which can be specifically removed by DNA glycosidase. Marshall Nirenberg showed that a polymer of this molecule, added to a certain cell-free extract, would result in the creation of proteins with radioactive phenylalanine. A \"pseudo-\" form of this molecule, symbolized psi, is found in one arm of transfer RNA, and it forms two hydrogen bonds with adenine. For 10 points, name this nucleotide that replacing thymine in RNA.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d0f1cbb74e146b89c4b7b9d3a8e4553",
            "input": "Its male protagonist latches on to the prominent birthmark of his deceased father's lover, as an emblem of disgust. She attempts to arrange his marriage with Fumiko, but he commences an affair with her mother, Mrs. Ota, another of his deceased father's lovers. Finding no happiness in this affair, and hindered by his hate for Chikako, Mitani Kikuji cannot find the will to marry Fumiko. Set against the intricacies of the tea ceremony, FTP, identify this Kawabata novel, whose title refers to the pattern on Fumiko's kimono.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-351ea993922843e180c3d9a2aa04710d",
            "input": "Alternating light and dark bands found at the base of these geological formations are known as ogives (OH-jives). These formations erode the surrounding terrain through processes known as plucking and abrasion. Such erosion can lead to the development of indentations known as cirques (SEERKS), which often have small lakes referred to as tarns. They form crevasses on their surface. For 10 points, name these large flows of ice.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebc3359339834e7d831d364c1213d1c5",
            "input": "This thinker discussed a line from Heine where a character says of Baron Rothschild, \"He treated me quite as his equal--quite famillionairely\" in developing a division between tendentious and non-tendentious humor. He discussed the difference between the death drive and libido in his Beyond the Pleasure Principle and later wrote a work which described the difference between manifest and latent content while analyzing \"Irma's Injection\" in relation to \"wish fulfillment\". For 10 points, name this developer of the theory of the id, ego, and superego, the author of The Interpretation of Dreams.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33a65bd4560d433cb8125c42fd47e0f7",
            "input": "In 1862 a quake created a new bay on it called Proval. Home to the golomyanka, a fish which gives birth to live young, its namesake seal is also known as the nerpa. It is fed by the Uda, Chikoy, Selenga and 333 other rivers, but only one, a tributary of the Yenisey flows out of it. FTP, name this lake drained by the Angara, the world's deepest.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a1a2458374cf40a18464e945354ee579",
            "input": "The Johnson-Corey Chaykovsky reaction produces them from carbonyl compounds through the action of a sulfonium ylide. They may also be synthesized by treating a halohydrin with a suitable base, which will catalyze a ring-closing SN2-style reaction similar to Williamson synthesis. Allylic alcohols can be treated with t-butylperoxide and titanium tetraisopropylate to produce them stereoselectively, a reaction that won a 2001 Nobel Prize for its discoverer, Barry Sharpless. Also the end result of the Prilezhaev [prih-leh-ZHEY-ev] reaction, they are produced by treating an alkene with a peroxyacid in a process also known as the \"Butterfly Mechanism,\" and are highly reactive, in part due to their approximately 60-degree bond angles. FTP, name these compounds, cyclic ethers whose rings contain only three atoms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a73186ea12af49a48ddd23a45f3009a7",
            "input": "In The Illiad, this deity strikes Artemis on the ear, causing Artemis to leave battle and climb into Zeus's lap. The birth of this deity under the lygos tree was celebrated in the Toneia at the sanctuary of  Samos, while the pear tree and cow were sacred to this entity. This goddess was once handcuffed  with a golden chain and hanged with anvils dangling from her feet. She is the mother of Eileithya and  (*) Hebe, and she wears the polos. Described as \"white-armed,\" she dogs the steps of a person who, as a cow, is the origin of the term Bosphorus. For 10 points, name this tormentor of Io, the eldest daughter  of Kronos and Rhea and mother of Eris and Ares, who attacks those who sleep with her brother-consort  Zeus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c08dab9b2f34502b57fcdf75e43cb4e",
            "input": "The novel begins in 1801, after the narrator arrives at Thrushcross Grange. The housekeeper Ellen Dean tells the story, and the novel ends with Lockwood's visit to three headstones after he learns of the marriage of the heirs of Linton and Earnshaw. FTP, identify this 1847 novel, set in a remote part of Yorkshire, which was originally published under the pseudonym of Ellis Bell and features the love of Catherine and Heathcliff.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a5fc7248f274377b0c64bce1c608652",
            "input": "Operation Product and Operation Kraai were two massive police actions in this country. The New York Agreement granted land to this country and temporarily aligned it with the United States during the Cold War. A failed military coup, the Thirtieth of September Movement, led to violence in this nation. This nation's Democratic Party of Struggle was once led by its only female Prime Minister, Megawati Sukarnoputri. That attempted coup led to an anti-Communist purge and the rise of a regime called the New Order, led by Suharto. For 10 points, name this country that went through \"Guided Democracy\" under Sukarno, the most populous Muslim country in the world.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18ac9ac8813c462393a6730eeae10939",
            "input": "A more advanced form of this quantity is symbolized J and is called the density of this. In one case that density is equal to the permittivity of free space times the time derivative of the electric field. That case was introduced by Maxwell and is called the displacement of this quantity. One law states that its sum about at a junction is zero. It is measured by an ammeter (AM-ee-ter) and is equal to voltage divided by resistance according to Ohm's Law. This quantity is measured in amperes. For 10 points, name this rate of charge, which can be viewed as direct or alternating.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f149c359f0f0472bae5fa7fedae0d4c5",
            "input": "The title character of this novel performs the \"Wave of the Blue Sea\" dance in one scene, and the blank chapter entitled \"Vanished into the Clouds\" represents the death of the title character in this novel. The protagonist of this work is the son of Kiritsubo and his concubine. The title character of this work is married to Aoi, but has affairs with Lady Fujistubo and Utsusemi and eventually marries his stepmother's neice, who is named Murasaki. For 10 points name this work written during the Heian period, by Lady Murasaki Shikibu.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-307510de3f994183a5dbf30787c3fd33",
            "input": "In one poem, he asked \"A Simple Child / That lightly draws its breath, / And feels its life in every limb, / What should it know of death\" In another, he wrote of \"a boy of five years old\" who prefers to be in Klive because there is no weather-cock there. In addition to \"We Are Seven\" and \"Anecdotes for Fathers,\" he wrote an autobiographical poem recounting how he crossed the Alps and climbed Snowdon, The Prelude, and of a \"host of golden daffodils\" in \"I wandered lonely as a cloud. \" FTP, name this poet who composed a few lines above Tintern Abbey and collaborated with Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4419b7a9ebd4d829bed049d4bec20b1",
            "input": "Members of the genus aeromonas have polar and lateral types of these, and it has a paracrystalline filament running along its length in T. brucei. In some organisms, a MS ring and a periplasmic P ring are found at its base, and a June 2008 study in Science discusses a protein that acts a clutch to halt the rotation of these. Their components are connected by nexin linkages, and dyneins generate the force which causes a bending motion in eukaryotes, wherein they have a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules that form an axoneme. For 10 points, identify these structures consisting of hooks and filaments in basal bodies, present in euglena and sperm cells, which allow for motility of the cells.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49d807576f22481eacf0d07a01b82d35",
            "input": "The most precise measurement for this quantity has come from the magnetic moment of the electron. For an electromagnetic interaction with n vertices, the amplitude for the interaction is proportional to this constant to the nth power. The square of this number is the ratio of the Hartree energy to the rest mass of the electron, and it is the ratio of the classical velocity in the ground state of the Hydrogen atom to the speed of light. The probability of a mechanism of an electromagnetic interaction involving n virtual photons is proportional to this constant to the 2n power, which in Quantum Electrodynamics indicates that this is the coupling constant for electromagnetic interactions. For 10 points, name this dimensionless constant in quantum mechanics, famously miscalculated by a numerological argument by Eddington, which is approximately one over 137.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a69b4ebaaef41eba0726e8e694f00e1",
            "input": "The Berry phase is almost never present in it, with the exception of the \"JT valley\" caused by the Jahn-Teller effect, and it fails for graphenes, due to rigid oscillations of Dirac cones and a stiffening of the Raman G peak. Its first step consists of solving the time-independent Schrodinger Equation to obtain namesake potential energy surfaces, which can be used to determine nuclear eigenvalues, while Eckart conditions are used in its second step. The Franck-Condon principle assumes that the vibrational and electronic wavefunctions are separate in, FTP, this physical approximation used to model molecular dynamics, which assumes nuclei do not move in relation to electrons and is named for two physicists.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa50ca1e1fad47f98de62f4b8a3b612e",
            "input": "He wrote about the shooting of Wolfgang by Konny in Schwerin in one work, which is narrated by a man born during the sinking of WIlhelm Gustoff, Paul Poriefke. In addition to Crabwalk, he wrote an autobiography called Peeling the Onion, and wrote a novel which parodies the style of Being and Time. More well known works by this author include one in which Pilenz describes the theft of a German U-Boat captain's Iron Cross by Joachim Malke, and one in which Sister Dorothea is killed after rejecting the advances of virtuoso jazz drummer and dwarf Oskar Matzerath. For 10 pointsname this author of Dog Years, Cat and Mouse, and The Tin Drum, all part of his Danzig Trilogy.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c6f1487d78947d8a8439345f0c03d89",
            "input": "Neither the children's chorus nor the soprano soloist appear until this work's fourth section. The sixth movement, entitled Dance, is for the orchestra alone, while the short nineteenth movement, about the exploits of a young couple, is sung by an a cappella men's semi-chorus. Both the soprano and tenor soloists must sing a high D flat, while the baritone is asked to sing a high B in the sixteenth movement, Dies, nox et omnia. Liquor and the enjoyment of life are the themes of, for 10 points, what set of songs by Carl Orff that begins and ends with O Fortuna",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eca75e7a9a1a4962b8f2b3fd461293f8",
            "input": "This prophet, the son of Amittai, caused an entire city to fast and wear sackcloth, and at the end of his namesake book he becomes angry when a worm destroys a plant that was providing him shade. After boarding a ship in Joppa, God created a great storm, which prompts the other passengers to throw this prophet into the sea. Earlier, he had purposely disobeyed God's wishes by not going to the sinful city of Ninevah (NIN-ee-vuh). For 10 points, name this prophet of the Old Testament who was swallowed by a large fish.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4df918774f94b938cb2faace0a5bbd9",
            "input": "Agnes is the daughter of the Vedic god Indra in a play by this author whose prologue and epilogue consist of an insistent ringing telephone, while the narrator of another work by this author casts a black magic spell on his own daughter after associating with a group of Parisian artists. This author of A Dream Play and Inferno wrote a trilogy which begins with the meeting of a Stranger and a Lady on a Street Corner and features a scene in which the Stranger yells, \"Strike me with your lightning if you dare! Frighten me with your thunder if you can! \" In addition to The Road to Damascus, this author wrote a more well known work in which The Count leaves his gloves and boots on the stage throughout the play and Jean kills a bird before giving a razor to the title character. For 10 pointsname this author of Miss Julie.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec54caf8df9e4d35aa8e1c251e182908",
            "input": "Working closely with real estate developer William Zeckendorf, he created such urban projects as the Place Ville-Marie in Montreal. After branching out on his own, notable designs included those for the Everson Museum of Art in Syracuse, N.Y. and a pentagonal control tower for use by the FAA. He began a rebuilding project for the Louvre in 1984, but much of his work was in the northeast U.S. such as the New York City Convention Center and the JFK Memorial Library at Harvard. After founding his own firm in 1955, he might have been returning to his roots with designs for the Luce Memorial Chapel in Taiwan and the Beijing Fragrant Hall. FTP, name this Chinese-born American architect.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7072de26c81942319b9d5bac8c05ef85",
            "input": "The \"gene shears\" technology is a synthetic one of these molecules that is being developed for the treatment of viruses. One of these molecules regulates cellular production of glucosamine-6-phosphate. Hepatitis D relies on one of these molecules for its replication and viability, and another is used by plant viruses to process the products of rolling circle replication. The latter is a hairpin one of these molecules, a form which, like the hammerhead variety of these, does not require a metal ion to be catalytically active. These molecules are able to catalyze aminotransferase activity, but they are most notable for their ability to cleave themselves and are thought to be evolutionarily related to the spliceosome. For 10 points, give this name for RNA molecules that are able to catalyze chemical reactions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-efb2489db7ed4454ab20635a3257f1bb",
            "input": "This opera parodies oversentimentality in its arias \"Vorrei dir\" and \"Smanie implacibili. \" A bass in this opera sings \"Io crepo se non rido\" and undercuts a farewell scene by laughing during its quintet \"Di scrivermi ogni giorno. \" After being given a locket, this opera's leading baritone sings \"Donne mie, la fate a tanti\" in its second act. During the first act's final scene, extended woodwind trills play when a fake doctor based on Franz Mesmer uses a huge magnet on two characters who pretend to poison themselves. A soprano in this opera compares herself to a rock in the aria \"Come scoglio,\" but is eventually seduced after being encouraged by her maid, Despina. In this opera's first scene, Ferrando and Guglielmo swear that their fiances will be eternally faithful to them, but after disguising themselves and successfully seducing Fiordiligi and Dorabella, they lose a bet to the cynical Don Alfonso. Subtitled \"The School for Lovers,\" for 10 points, name this opera buffa by Mozart, whose title roughly translates to \"they're all like that. \"\r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e50137b7334b4d26b93e5aac909dfe72",
            "input": "One of this composer's overtures calls for the second violins to tap the music stands with their bows. This composer of Il Signor Bruschino wrote a work in which one character helps Elvira regain the love of her husband; that work ends with Isabella sailing away with Lindoro. A character in another opera by this man sings of plans to drive his rival out of town in La calunnia e un venticello; that character is the music-master Basilio. He wrote L'italiani in algieri, and his last opera (*) features a galop in the overture reminiscent of a cavalry charge. The title character of his most famous opera enters with Largo al factotum and helps Count Almaviva win the love of Rosina. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of William Tell and The Barber of Seville.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07f8f81629604f35b4bf93fc5c48ce9d",
            "input": "One essay claims that, like the Mona Lisa, more people consider this work \"a work of art because they have found it interesting, than interesting because it is a work of art.\" J.M. Robertson and Minnesota professor Elmer Stoll studied it as a \"stratification\" with a series of authors. An essay on this literary work claims it doesn't contain any \"chain[s] of events\" or physical things representing \"particular emotion[s].\" Thomas Kyd may have written a proposed \"Ur-\" version of this play, which is an \"artistic failure\" because it lacks an \"objective correlative\" according to a T.S. Eliot essay on the title character \"and His Problems.\" This plays' backstory includes poison in a king's ear. For 10 points, name this tragedy in which poisoned wine kills Queen Gertrude after a ghost talks to her princely Danish son.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ba32c722bf94038a63f60f6a00fcaf4",
            "input": "Seven years after the book was published, Shigeru Nakayama (she-GAY-ru nah-kah-YAH-mah) convinced the author to write a \"Postscript--1969\" which suggests a project for sociological study of a certain kind of community. The introduction considers a \"role for history,\" and subsequent chapters take on anomaly, crisis, and the nature and necessity of the titular occurrences, which appear as invisible revolutionary changes in world view. FTP, identify this book, first published in 1962 by MIT professor Thomas Kuhn, which introduced the concept of \"paradigm shifts. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-268e0e55b59545b59af042e925fc4984",
            "input": "His novels include Querelle of Brest and Funeral Rites, both of which were published in 1947. His youthful experiences at the Mettray reform school are described in Miracle of the Rose, while The Thief's Journal tells the story of his life as a male prostitute. FTP, name this French criminal and author, best known for Absurdist dramas like The Screens, The Blacks, and The Maids.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f14c5a6636b429788cf64a11eb96abd",
            "input": "Early alliances in this war were shuffled around by the treaties of Traventhal and Altranstadt. The end of one phase in this war saw the naval battle of Hang, and it continued in name only for three years after the throne devolved to Ulrika Eleonora and Frederick I following one commander's death at Frederikshald. Parts of Ingria and Karelia changed hands under the final peace which ended this war, the Treaty of Nystad. For 10 points, name this war including the battles of the Pruth River, Poltava, and Narva, that targeted Charles XII and ended in 1721 when Peter the Great secured control of the Baltic Sea from Sweden.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6320d97ed87b42049a82f496fabdd589",
            "input": "In his later work he distinguished between value that is invoked when an interpersonal exchange occurs and value as denoting the qualitative mental evaluation of elements. Using these definitions, he created an algebra of social exchange in his Sociological Studies. In his earlier work he argued that information processing is guided by a need for equilibrium, which is restored by either assimilating new information into old patterns, or altering the old pattern to accommodate the new information. Known for his belief in instinctual \"schemas\" of behavior at birth, he sought to understand the formation of knowledge in terms of \"genetic epistemology. \" FTP, name this French developmental psychologist, best known for positing four stages of development beginning with the sensorimotor.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b6f0a739988c4cacbf986a0f982f4f0f",
            "input": "This thinker argued against relativism in the true critique of art and posited a universal \"mental\" form of the title concept in one essay in his Four Dissertations. Another book by this author of \"The Standard of Taste\" outlines three fundamental laws of justice. This man wrote a work narrated by Pamphilus that contains a conversation between Cleanthes, Demea, and Philo. He introduced the \"copy principle\" and posited a man able to deduce the \"missing shade of blue\" in a work that includes the sections \"Of the Origin of Ideas\" and \"Of Miracles. \" For 10 points, name this empiricist who wrote Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and A Treatise of Human Nature.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4efab991c98f48368c337ffba6cef7b0",
            "input": "This writer began one poem describing the \"\"various language\"\" with which Nature speaks to those who hold \"\"Communion with her visible forms. \"\" One of this author's poems asks the title creature why \"\"dost thou pursue thy solitary way\"\" In another poem, this author instructed the reader \"\"go not, like the quarry slave at night,\"\" instead urging the reader to \"\"[lie] down to pleasant dreams. \"\" For 10 points, name this long-time New York Evening Post editor who wrote \"\"To A Waterfall\"\" and \"\"Thanatopsis,\"\" an early American poet.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6844b4456464799b99048547d68f96e",
            "input": "A Grothendieck topology defines a sieve as a collection of subsets of a set with this property that themselves have this property. The Lindehf condition for a space requires every cover of this type to have a countable subcover. Generally, two points are \"separated\" if each point is contained in a set of this type that doesn't contain the other. In the particular point topology, all sets that contain an arbitrary point are of this type. A subset U of a metric space has this property if every point therein has a neighborhood inside U. Sets have this property in R^n when every point is an interior point. For 10 points, name this topological property, possessed by a set if its complement is closed.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ab3c7808d55456fb2c0b8fcdd044f95",
            "input": "approximated the time period of one ruler of this polity through evidence found on the Olympic Discus. One ruler of this polity gave Cleombrotus power in an effort to pass reforms that would redistribute land to the perioikoi. Another of its reformers introduced a council of twenty eight men over sixty years of age called the (*) Gerousia and introduced the agoge program. Its general Pausanias led the Greek coalition forces at Plataea and was part of its Agiad family, which along with the Eurypontids provided its two kings. This city's forces were crushed by Thebans at the Battle of Leuctre. Its government included five ephors and its economy rested on the labor of helots. For 10 points, name this warlike Greek city state, the major rival of Athens.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49dc06a61d1f4cbc93aa9c22945170be",
            "input": "Modal notation was developed in this modern-day country in the 12th century as a means of notating rhythm. Though probably not originally from this country himself, Anonymous IV was an important source about two composers from here whose pieces are compiled in the Magnus Liber. A 1722 theory treatise from this country introduced the concept of viewing six and six-four chords as inversions of triads rooted in a \"fundamental bass\". Two composers from this country, (*) Perotin and Leonin, wrote organa, which are the earliest notated polyphonic compositions in Western music. The style of one composer from this country was opposed by supporters of Pergolesi's opera buffa in the War of the Buffoons. That composer from here wrote such \"lyric tragedies\" as Hippolytus and Aricia and Castor and Pollux. For 10 points, name this country of origin of Jean-Philippe Rameau and of the composers of the Notre Dame School.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6097308d0ed14557ab1277db9acb14d8",
            "input": "These entities can enhance the s-wave component of fermion wave functions through the Callan-Rubakov effect. Hooft suggested that a topological excitation present in the non-abelian Higgs model was one of these entities. The lower bound for their mass is obtained from the Bogomol'nyi bound, and in the (*) Witten effect, fermion interactions convert them to dyons. Their existence would explain the quantization of electric charge according to Dirac. For 10 points, name these hypothetical particles that posses a magnetic charge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-67e2cd53c25e4b39843a76273ce59d79",
            "input": "On the night of June 3, 1943, eleven sailors on shore leave stated that they were attacked by a group of Mexicans, and in response  a group of over 200 uniformed sailors chartered 20 cabs and charged into the heart of the Mexican American community in East Los Angeles. The specific object were any person wearing a style of clothing associated with Mexicans and criminal behavior, and this violence was repeated over several days until the Navy intervened put a stop to it. Such are the actual, rather unpleasant events known as, FTP, what a name now used in a popular song by the Cherry Poppin' daddies",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb465c61665a4213b1c152f52ae1ecf5",
            "input": "This battle featured an embarrassing incident in which one commander wandered about for several hours around Rohrbach, which became known as Burnside's Bridge. It began with a skirmish involving Stonewall Jackson in a cornfield near Hagerstown Pike and it took four hours for Union soldiers under Sumner to secure the sunken road, which became known as (*) Bloody Lane. Burnside was finally pushed back when A. P. Hill's forces arrived from Harper's Ferry, and Edwin Stanton opposed Lincoln's reappointment of the commander of the army of Potomac just prior to this battle, which was marked by a failure to pursue the confederates that led to criticism of George McClellan. FTP, name this 1862 pyrrhic Union victory that kept the Confederates out of Maryland, took place near Sharpsburg, and also saw the greatest loss of American lives in battle in a single day.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a05be3c1c1b24fd6a5b98746ebac0569",
            "input": "Founder-flush models of this phenomenon propose that it may result from repeated bottlenecks. Changes of ploidy in plants can cause this process due to the frequent sterility of the resulting offspring. The(*) sympatric version of this phenomena occurs between populations in the same region, and punctuated equilibria are a sign of the allopatric variety of this process in the fossil record. For 10 points, name this biological process, in which populations become reproductively isolated and diverge, leading to the formation of new species.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fdc99686d694416d852e342a9c3bee56",
            "input": "Many of its participants had been members of the Society of Salvation and the Society of Prosperity, both of which had been founded by Pavel Pestel, and which called for a Peoples Veche and a Supreme Sobor, though ultimately these folded into the Northern and Southern Societies. During it, Pyotr Kakhovsky assassinated Count Miloradovich, who had served on the Pratzen Heights, while Sergei Troubetzkoy was declared dictator. Calling for a Constitution and sparked by the abdication of Constantine I, it was put down by his brother Nicholas I and resulted in the last public executions in Russia. For ten points, name this 1825 revolt of idealistic military officers, named for the month in which it took place.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d47fd000772c47c188fb9454095a10a1",
            "input": "Womack authored an essay \"on the value of\" this poem, which Arthur Barker argued is composed of three separate but parallel movements. Its final passage refers to the \"uncouth Swain\" who \"touch'd the tender stops of various Quills,\" and appears to introduce a new narrator in ottava rima. Earlier, the poet refers to the \"fair Guerdon when we hope to find and think to burst out into sudden blaze\" before speaking of the \"blind Fury with th' abhorred shears\" who \"slits the think spun life. \" More famous passages refer to the \"two-handed engine\" which may represent a sword and the \"Pilot of the Galilean lake. \" Opening \"yet once more, O ye laurels, and once more ye myrtles brown,\" this self-described monody was written on the death of Edward King by drowning on the Irish Seas. FTP, name this elegy for a dead shepherd by John Milton.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6ea9b1d891143ea88b6e5a448359f69",
            "input": "One novel about this country concerns the finding of a dead body by Jacobus, which is then exhumed by a flood and given a proper burial by Mehring. Melanie Isaacs is seduced by the English professor David Lurie in this country, the setting of The Conservationist and Disgrace. A novel from this country sees a letter from Theophilus bring a priest back home, where he discovers that his son, Absalom Kumalo, has murdered Arthur Jarvis. Nadine Gordimer and J. M. Coetzee are from this country. For 10 points, name this country, the setting of Alan Paton's Cry, The Beloved Country and Athol Fugard's critiques of apartheid.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-668c6decac94486aaee41c14ea9c7e8f",
            "input": "A misplaced pin in this opera leads one character to malign women in the aria, Aprite un po quegli occhi, while another character expresses his love for Barbarina in the aria, Voi che sapete. A contract is dissolved when it is revealed that Marcellina is the mother of her betrothed and she decides to marry Bartolo instead, and the page Cherubino is dressed in womens clothes in a scheme to trick Rosinas husband. FTP Count Almaviva realizes the woman he was trying to seduce is not Susanna but his wife at the end of this Mozart opera about the wedding of a barber of Seville.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25b709f10d924c6f8454e50e6be3b6b3",
            "input": "Its subtitle is derived from a piece discarded by the Goddess Nugua from the dome of Heaven, which ends up in the mouth of a youth at birth. Characters in the novel include the protagonist's half-brother Huan, and his sister Cardinal Spring, all of whom descend from Madame Shih. Yet all is not well in the two compounds owned by the family: Black Jade perishes, while Phoenix's abuse of power and usurious practices are exposed as the Chia clan falls into ruin. FTP identify this 18th century work set in Peking which centers on PaoYu's family and is alternately known as The Story of the Stone.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63a049813c2b4778b495d60bbb9eca11",
            "input": "In one opera by this composer set in Stockholm, the fortune-teller Ulrica prophesizes that Riccardo will be killed by the next man who shakes his hand. This composer of A Masked Ball included \"Va, pensiero,\" or the Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves, in an opera which details the exile of the Jews from Babylon, Nabucco. In addition to the drinking song \"Libiamo ne' lieti calici\" in an opera about Alfredo and Violetta, this composer wrote an opera which sees the Duke of Mantua sing \"La donna e mobile\" and another opera about an Egyptian princess. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of Rigoletto, La traviata, and Aida.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcb1d906c2164f83bc4f296645bd728c",
            "input": "This state's Republican Party chair Pat Brady has come under fire for supporting gay marriage. This state's  most senior Representative, Jerry Costello, did not seek re-election, and its current governor defeated Bill Brady in the 2010 election. This state has one of the lowest credit ratings, due to its 96 billion dollar pension liabilities. The current Senate Majority (*) Whip is from this state, whose senators are Mark Kirk and Dick Durbin. For ten points, identify this state governed by Pat Quinn, from which Roland Burris was selected by Rod Blagojevich to succeed Obama in the Senate.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dca0d8d4b3334a7e905c12b877ec7392",
            "input": "This poet wondered if the title concept could govern in a thing so small in a poem about a white spider on a white flower holding a white moth. This poet admitted I have passed by the watchman on his beat and dropped my eyes, unwilling to explain in his tirza rima poem Acquainted With the Night. This author of Design wrote that He is all pine and I am apple orchard in one work, and concluded another of his poems with the concession I have promises to keep, and miles to go before I sleep. For 10 points, name American poet who wrote Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening and quoted the adage 'Good fences make good neighbors in his poem Mending Wall.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cd23b78339a4fc9998989e4ba4d60e7",
            "input": "One of them claims that the ascent to the summit of consciousness is not for the timid  \"sharp like a razor's edge . . . is the path to Reality, difficult to traverse. \" Another describes fourth stage of being that lies beyond waking, dreaming, and dreamless sleep and which is known as turiya. Another tells of Nachiketa who receives three boons from the god of Death. The most famous piece of philosophy from them might be the declaration \"tat tvam asi\" [tutt twam uh-see] or simply \"you are that,\" in clarifying an individual's identity. In addition to those described  the Isha, Katha, and Chandogya  there are at least 105 more, though eleven principal ones are said to exist. Chiefly concerned with the distinctions between individual and collective souls or Atman and Brahman, FTP, name this group of sacred Hindu texts also known as the Vedantas due to their commentary and closure to the Vedas.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b145f5a0c0e74d5baf3340ea19bd1bdf",
            "input": "Glauconite is an unusual representative of this class of minerals since it has no apparent cleavage and typically occurs as pellet-like grains formed on seafloors. Lepidolite is useful as a source of lithium and rubidium, while phlogopite is usually found in impure limestone. Usually separated into light and dark colored groups, typical characteristics include perfect cleavage and splendent luster. FTP, identify this group of hydrous aluminum and potassium silicate minerals including biotite and muscovite, which usually occurs in scales or sheets.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6de53a5f991248d2a48ef88500d7148a",
            "input": "One character in this work is demoted upon releasing his female prisoner; he later returns a gold coin to its owner. That character professes his love to his ex-prisoner in the \"Flower Song, who is also serenaded in the bullfighter Escamillo's (ESS-kah-MEE-yo's) \"Toreador Song.\" The singer of the \"Habanera\" (HAH-bahn-YAY-ruh) is stabbed by Don Jose in, for 10 points, what opera about a Spanish gypsy girl by Georges Bizet",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01ee1d0817214a8fb30e4a899e06526e",
            "input": "He was present at the death of Monet and wrote a biography of the painter, while Toulouse-Lautrec illustrated his history of the Jews, At the Foot of Mount Sinai. As a Radical deputy, he was accused of being in league with Panama intriguer Cornlius Herz and fought a duel with Paul Droulde. He later shifted right and urged readiness for war in his newspapers The Free Man and Man in Chains, which led Poincare to name him premier. Another paper he edited was LAurore, which published Emile Zolas JAccuse during the Dreyfus affair. For 10 points, name this man known as the Tiger, who led France through the end of World War I and at Versailles",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4cab99639ac14e34a6ffa0f8dd54d2f0",
            "input": "The Pergola commissioned this man to write an opera on the life of Skanderbeg, and he drew upon his Kyrie for two movements of the Madrigalesque Concerto. He dedicated a set of Concerti to Charles VI called La Cetra, and Vettor Delfion was the dedicatee of his La estravaganza. The Ryom-Verzeichnis catalog is used to index this man's works, including twelve concerti called L'estro Armonico. His best-known works precede \"The Hunt\" and \"The Sea Storm\" in The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this Italian composer known as \"The Red Priest\", whose four concerti \"Spring,\" \"Summer,\" \"Autumn,\" and \"Winter\" make up The Four Seasons.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-859d66857890423e98130ea76dacd083",
            "input": "One player of this instrument collaborated with Bob Haggart to compose the duet \"Big Noise from Winnetka.\" That musician, Ray Bauduc, was one of the many players of this instrument to imitate the style of Warren \"Baby\" Dodds. Modern players of this instrument frequently use the Purdie shuffle. Lee Musiker secretly recorded videos of a player of this instrument yelling insults at other band members on his tour bus. Another player of this instrument recorded the 1958 hard bop album Moanin' along with his band, the Jazz Messengers. This instrument plays an extended solo in the middle of \"Take Five.\" Art Blakey and Joe Morello both played this instrument, which is sometimes played using a brush. For 10 points, name this instrument featured in the legendary battles between Gene Krupa and Buddy Rich.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-64b50f4d4efc4a88a4880bbcb3360620",
            "input": "In studying this structure, Elizabeth Gould showed that dendrite spine density and estradiol levels peaked together. A circuit of structures interconnecting this structure and the cortex was proposed by James Papez, and axon collaterals named for Schaffer innervates neurons in the CA1 portion of this structure. Neurons that respond only when an animal is in a certain region of space, known as place cells, are located in this structure. It consists of two sheets of neurons called Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus, the first of which sends axons into the fornix. Connected ventrally and laterally to the olfactory cortex, this structure inhibits CRH release. For 10 points, name folded structure of the limbic system that plays a major role in learning and memory.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e29df045695e4261bd57a714fdd20da4",
            "input": "In a debate with Antoine Arnauld, he was accused of fatalism and determinism for suggesting that everything that would happen to Alexander the Great followed from the latters essence. Louis Couturat later suggested that this man believed every truth to be analytic. One of this man's works was the subject of John Dewey's first philosophical work, a critical response to the empiricism of John Locke entitled New Essays on the Human Understanding. For 10 points, name this seventeenth-century German philosopher and mathematician, who talked about monads and was satirized by Voltaire as Dr. Pangloss in Candide.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba30eafa76164885a533860334c61a55",
            "input": "In the Heimskringla, this god succeeds Odin as the leader of the Swedes after Odin's death; he eventually died, had himself marked for Odin using a spear, and was burned. Loki claims this god was urinated upon by the daughters of Hymir. In the Gylfaginning, this god was said to be called on by hunters and voyagers, and he was exchanged as a (*) hostage for Hoenir. After his marriage, this god spent half of the year in Thrymheim before deciding he did not like living in the mountains and hearing the cries of wolves, going back to his residence at Noatun. This god's wife chose him after only being able to look at his feet and mistaking him for Baldur. For 10 points, name this husband of Skadi, the Norse god of the winds and the sea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2f572035c0f40d5814f4123f2a32098",
            "input": "At one point, this work asks which man is more capable, one who is able to walk on his feet or one who tries to walk with his hands. Using the example of a lowly community of mice, it examines the pursuit of power in book two, and then the pursuit of fame, describing both as temporary and worthless. Its opening sees the approach of a magnificent woman who sits on the couch, replacing the maimed Muses previously there. She is recognized as the former nurse of the main character, who then laments to her about Fortunes fickle bounty and how he defended Albinus and thereby incurred the wrath of Cyprian, who was reportedly the Count of the Sacred Largesses and Master of Offices. Written while in prison under order of Theodoric the Great, FTP, name this work of the early 6th century CE by Boethius.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a42f834ecfa4d15aefd6ceaa14ac9e6",
            "input": "This man was the most famous disciple of the author of the Great Book of Writing, Neolin. He participated in the war against Nicholas Orontony, a chief of the Huron, and may have met Robert Rogers and his rangers during their western campaigns. General Jeffrey Amherst may have attempted to wipe this man and his followers out with smallpox after this mans victory over the British at Bloody Run. After making peace with the British supervisor William Johnson, he was assassinated by a Peoria Indian in 1769. FTP, name this Ottawa chief who laid siege to Detroit in 1763, an action which began the rebellion named for him.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52a99a9a69f04499859812f4e5e08f21",
            "input": "The battle of Alcacer Ceguer and the defeat of the Moors at Ceuta bookended his brief military career and he organized the assault on Sala-ben-Sala's forces at Tangier. He was assisted in his most important tasks by the Jew Jehuda Cresques, who lived with him at his estate of Sagres. Zurara is the best source for relations between this man and men such as Gil Eanes, Goncalves Zarco, Dinis Dias, and Nuo Tristao, who sighted the Gambia River. The son of Juan I and Philippa of Lancaster, he sponsored the development of the caravel and quadrant and the exploration of Porto Santo and Madeira. FTP, name this prince of Portugal who, despite never having commanded a ship, was nicknamed \"The Navigator. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b72fcc49d1624a9c88b1dd58baeb939b",
            "input": "One ruler of this name employed the general Aleksy Khvost in his war against Suzdal and Novgorod, and became known as \"\"the red. \"\" In addition to that father of (+) Dmitri Donskoy, this name was borne by the man who overthrew Alexander of Tver and became rich by collecting tribute on behalf of the Golden Horde, acquiring the nickname \"moneybag.\" The (*) third ruler of this name stopped vassalage to the Horde and was known as \"the great.\" For 10 points, give this name for several princes of Muscovy, including the first to take the title of Russian tsar, the fourth one known as \"Grozny\" or \"the terrible.\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2cf6c445d153414389ca6bcce7534a6d",
            "input": "Before embarking on his most famous conquests, he secured Kandahar against Uzbek opposition, and his best-known battle was the result of appeals from Dawlat Khan and Alam Khan. His diaries detail the ways in which he motivated his troops during their southward march, and at Khanua, his forces stood firm against the forces of Rana Sanga of the Rajputs. He lost an early battle at Sar-e Pol, which resulted in his losing both Samarkand and his principality of Fergana. In his most famous clash, he used wagon tactics and his 12,000 troops decisively defeated Ibrahim Shah Lodi at the 1526 battle of Panipat. FTP, name this father of Humayun, who founded the Mughal empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d6293d781204efbb6b7fd7faf50f146",
            "input": "Verdi used one of this composer's tunes for the Grand Chorus of Aida. Enrico di Borgogna was his first opera to be staged, and he did not become widely known until the premiere of Anna Bolena. He was comfortable with French as well, debuting operas in that language after 1840. Among his better-known 73 are Lucrezia Borgia, Don Pasquale, and Daughter of the Regiment. FTP, name this composer of the The Elixir of Love and the Sir Walter Scott adaptation, Lucia di Lamermoor.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f52c682fe2040ffa93326e9e11b3ca0",
            "input": "In one novel by this author, the protagonist continually encounters threatening red-haired men before purchasing some over-ripe strawberries. In another novel by this author, Naphta and Settembrini continually debate. This author created the writer Gustav von Aschenbach, who expires on the beach after witnessing a fight between Jasiu and Tadzio. In another novel by this author, (*) Hans Castorp visits a sanatorium. For 10 points, name this German author who wrote Death in Venice and The Magic Mountain.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4afc115fa50f4d88b0b65122114e2814",
            "input": "This author's translations of Wang Wei, Du Fu, and Li Po were collected in the book Three Chinese Poets. His own poetic output includes a poem which begins, \"Some men like Jack and some like Jill, I'm glad I like them both. \" That poem, \"Dubious,\" appeared in his first poetry collection, Mappings. A translation by Charles Johnston inspired his novel in verse set in Francisco. He also wrote an epically long novel set in Nehru's India which follows Rupa Mehra's search for a husband for her daughter Lata. For 10 points, name this author of The Golden Gate and A Suitable Boy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b3fb1c86e1a4872b312063c456ac0d3",
            "input": "A graph of this equation's terms natural log of k and 1 over T results in a straight line with a gradient of its exponential term. This equation uses a term called the frequency factor, which varies with the temperature, though its variance is small in relation to the exponential term, so it can be considered a constant. The other constants that appear in the equation are the Stefan-Boltzman constant, Euler's constant, and a constant based on how many ways the molecules can combine. FTP, name this equation that relates the rate constant, the ambient temperature, and the activation energy of a reaction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e665ab871ba48a58b771215d24b6991",
            "input": "One character in this play notes that she \"never travel[s] without [her] diary\" because \"one should always have something sensational to read in the train\". Another character notes that only vegetarians go without their dinner while fighting over some muffins, and attempts to explain the rules of \"Bunburying\" before telling his Aunt Augusta that he \"killed Bunbury this afternoon\". Confusion reigns when Cecily Cardew and Gwendolen Fairfax believe themselves to be engaged to the same man, who doesn't actually exist. Jack Worthing, left as a baby in a handbag at Victoria Station, is discovered to have the first name Gwendolen desires in a husband, for 10 points, in what Oscar Wilde play",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24adaa99eccc431791f26780a214ee7d",
            "input": "This writer distinguished between learning through description and learning through acquaintance in a work that introduces the Cartesian method of doubt with the example of a table. This man attempted to solve the problem of negative existentials in a work that claimed that \"Aristotle\" was not a name but a description. That work by this man also criticized Meinong and rejects the distinction between propositions and truth values proposed in (*) Frege's On Sense and Reference. This author of The Problems of Philosophy and \"On Denoting\" introduced his namesake paradox in naive set theory in a work that attempted to explain mathematics with axiomatic logic. For 10 points, name this British philosopher who co-wrote Principia Mathematica with Alfred North Whitehead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81f3e9218c924e96968542b3178a1b92",
            "input": "This man wrote in one work that professionalism caused the title object to be insincere, and that the real form of the title object could be distinguished by its infectiousness in his \"What is Art\" Another of his works includes the vain Lieutenant Rosencranz, who seems to take pleasure in the carnage of the titular action of \"The Raid\". In another work by this author, a lawyer named Peter meets his colleague Schwartz on the way to visit the title character, although upon hearing of that title character's disposition, his first thought was of his chances of promotion. The title character of that work finds Gerasim's truthful evaluation of his situation a refreshing change from the dishonesty of his family about his condition, which began as a pain in his right side. For 10 points, name this Russian, who along with \"The Death of Ivan Ilyich\" also wrote some longer works like War and Peace.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec67c8a82dc744d5be5266977f52b847",
            "input": "One work by this man features the invention of inflatable pants as the means for the protagonist's entry into high society, where he sometimes transforms into the \"Complete Man\" to overcome his lack of confidence. In one novel by this author, the protagonist's friend Brian commits suicide, and Mark loses a leg on an adventure, as Anthony eventually becomes a pacifist. Mary and Mark Rampion serve as the moral compass in another one of his works as a happily married couple, in contrast to the infidelity of Marjorie Carling with her lover Walter Bidlake. In addition to writing Antic Hay and Eyeless in Gaza, this author advocated the use of LSD, depicting its religious use in Island, in contrast to the use of a fictional drug with similar effects in his most famous work. For 10 points, who is this author of Point Counter Point and Brave New World",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9b5828e935d4b718db2fdd22e9392e6",
            "input": "The \"Colliget\", or \"Book of Generalities\", was this man's most notable work on medicine. This man argued that the active and passive intellects were separate from the individual soul and advocated the concept of \"double truth\". Boetius of Dacia applied this man's ideas to argue that the Resurrection the Dead was impossible, and along with Siger of Brabant founded a medieval Christian heresy named for this man. This man's most notable work begins by defending ways to prove the eternity of the world, a feat deemed impossible by his Asharite opponents. For ten points, name this rival of Al-Ghazali and author of \"Incoherence of the Incoherence\", a rationalist philosopher of Muslim Spain.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82cd824eddc3446d8ce5780e8ea628fc",
            "input": "Act III of this opera begins with the shanty \"Come away, fellow sailors\" after those sailors have resolved to \"take a boozy short leave\" of their nymphs. A storm breaks out when one of the main characters displays the head of a freshly-killed boar, leading one character to sing the aria \"Haste, haste to town.\" The death of one character in this opera is reflected on by the chorus in \"With drooping wings.\" In Act I of this opera, one character tells her maid that \"Peace and I are strangers grown\" and later sings \"Remember me, but ah! forget my fate\" in a section that makes extensive use of ground bass. This opera was partially inspired by John Blow's Venus and Adonis, and its libretto was written by Nahum Tate. Belinda is the maidservant of the Queen of Carthage in, for 10 points, what opera featuring the aria \"When I am laid in Earth,\" a work of Henry Purcell based on a work of Virgil",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-044f6ff297c84df2b87973bf94786899",
            "input": "Susan Barton attempts to find her kidnapped daughter before meeting Daniel Foe, Cruso and Friday in one of this man's novels, while in another work by this author the classics professor Mrs. Curren grows close to her servant Florence as she grows weaker and weaker. In addition to Foe and Age of Iron, this author created the typist Anya and the aging writer Seor C in one work, and another work discusses the title fictional author of The House on Eccles Street. This author of Diary of a Bad Year and Elizabeth Costello wrote about a man who makes a garden in Prince Albert before meeting a woman who has sex with him after escaping from a rehabilitation camp in Cape Town, and another work about a frontier town whose peaceful existence is ended by Colonel Joll. For 10 pointsname this author of The Life and Times of Michael K and Waiting for the Barbarians who wrote about professor David Lurie in his novel Disgrace.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-832806b9a40742d6a22a7eb41ffc15d6",
            "input": "This leader attempted to regain lost territory in the War of Attrition and supported the rebels during the North Yemen Civil War. Along with Muhammad Naguib, this figure founded the Free Officers Movement and deposed King Farouk, and he combined his country with Syria to form the short-lived United Arab Republic. This co-founder of the (*) Non-Aligned Movement supported the construction of the Aswan High Dam and nationalized the Suez Canal, though he later lost the Six Days War. For ten points, identify this predecessor of Anwar Sadat who served as the second President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d04afb422b5141839512be8590336d31",
            "input": "He composed Seven Sonnets of Michelangelo and Les Illuminations specifically for the tenor Peter Pears, who gained fame as the lead in his opera Death in Venice. A student of Frank Bridge, he composed music intended for church performance like Noye's Floode and Curlew River, but is better known for operas like Billy Budd and The Turn of the Screw. FTP, who is this British composer of the War Requiem and Peter Grimes",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0765eda5c75417ab2d1e0af56964e81",
            "input": "This mans calligrapher Omar Aqta was so skilled that he supposedly transcribed the entire Quran on a signet ring. He promoted unity among his soldiers by founding the tradition of Kurash wrestling. His grandson Shah Rukh briefly reunited his empire after it was divvied up among his descendants. He kidnapped the artisans of Damascus and was victorious over Tughluq at Panipat in 1398, after which he sacked Delhi. He waged war with the Knights of Rhodes at Smyrna, and his underling Tokhtamysh fought against Russia for him before turning against him, leading this man to order rebels skulls stacked into pyramids. For 10 points, name this Samarkand-based cripple.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0026434ddb1a4a5a9aad09c3e0b087e4",
            "input": "On the day Nazi troops moved into this country, an afternoon newspaper printed all of its articles double-spaced in order to alert citizens to \"read between the lines. \" Teenagers in this country formed their own partisan movement called the Churchill Gang, while other efforts were coordinated by the Freedom Council. The vast majority of Jews in this country were saved from an impending Nazi action by ambulance drivers who looked for Jewish names in phone books and used their vehicles to hide whomever they found. The Lutheran Church recognizes Kaj Munk, a pastor in this country who was killed after delivering an anti-Nazi sermon, as a martyr, and its other World War II figures included the collaborationist prime minister Erik Scavenius.After a German officer threatened to shoot anyone removing the swastika flag from this country's government headquarters, the king of this country volunteered to climb the flagpole himself. For 10 points, name this country where a false urban legend states that king, Christian X, wore a yellow star himself. \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-90c085b7e9a8442db52202703873bc55",
            "input": "Examples of these materials include methoxy-benzilidene butylanaline and fluorinated tolans. The Onsager model can be used to explain lyotrophic examples, which undergo phase transitions as a result of concentration changes rather than temperature. Cholesteric varieties, which induce circular dichroism, exhibit chirality and are sometimes known as twisted nematic. In the typical nematic phase, their molecules have a random distribution but preferred orientation, while their smectic phase displays an ordered layered structure. In their most famous application, a thin layer of them is placed between two cross polarizers, and applied electric fields can create order in them to stop the transmission of light. FTP name these substances used in namesake displays in computer monitors and HDTV's.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28a2e1adb4c94e1b8bbc4d460d16dd05",
            "input": "One work by this composer includes five different settings of the hymn \"O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden\". Four individual compositions by him were compiled into the P180 manuscript, which is a copy of a piece that includes a chorus derived from his \"Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen\". In one work by him, the chorus divides antiphonally and asks \"Whom\" and \"How\" in response to the command \"See Him\". One work by him includes violin obliggato in D major accompanying a duet for two sopranos in its second movement \"Christe eleison\" and also includes a symmetrical \"Symbolum nicenum\" with a crucifixion in the center. One work by this composer opens with \"Kommt, ihr Tochter, helft mir klagen\" and features a \"halo\" effect in the strings whenever Jesus sings. For 10 points, name this German Baroque composer of Mass in B minor and the St. Matthew Passion.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d4cad37223334fed9273a601be852452",
            "input": "The Marr-Albus model attributes learning in this region to the weakening of parallel fiber synapses. This organs cortex includes the molecular, Purkinje, and granular layers, the last of which is the innermost and originates at the pontine nuclei. Many forms of ataxia, a gross loss of muscle movement, can be traced to lesions here, since this region coordinates voluntary muscle movement such as walking. For 10 points, name this region at the base of the brain responsible for coordination and balance, which comes from the Latin for little brain.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f22fa00439243dc9664e7a506ca2301",
            "input": "The founders of this polity traced their descent from the Kayi tribe. The Candar family of nobles was influential during the early years of this polity. The second ruler of this polity appointed his younger brother Alaeddin as his chief minister, won the Battle of Pekekanon, and gave this polity its first seaport by capturing the city of Mudanya. At its establishment, this polity's armed forces consisted primarily of (*) Ghazi raiders. This polity's capital was moved to Bursa during the rule of Orhan I, who was the son of this polity's founder, Osman. For ten points, name this Anatolian empire that eventually conquered Constantinople.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c657f101b9f4609b158609d26fee976",
            "input": "This thinker argued that one should engage with unstable structures through flexible play in an essay about the \"rupture\" of the center in Western thought. The first section of one work by this thinker asserts that Western thought privileges phonetic languages and speech over writing. This author of \"Structure, Sign, and Play\" formulated the \"trace\" and wrote another work that maintains that concepts like \"light and dark\" exist in uneven binary pairs and introduced the term \"differance\". For 10 points, name this French thinker who wrote Writing and Difference and Of Grammatology and founded deconstructionism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7e6a2660d78416a831f8a2d4543fdec",
            "input": "A river of this name divides just before the confluence of the Arkansas and Mississippi and manages to enter both directly. Another river of this name, a tributary of the Wabash, passes through Muncie and Indianapolis. A sea of this name receives the Northern Dvina River at Archangel. Mountain ranges with this colorful adjective include the home of the oldest tree in the world and the home of the self-proclaimed \"worst weather in the world\", the Mount Washington Observatory. The highest mountain in the French Alps, translated into English, is also given this name. For ten points, give the common name of the major mountain range in New Hampshire and \"Mont Blanc\".",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c27d558c06d74675934e4e72b3f0a777",
            "input": "In one novel by this author, the title character dances with Barbra Flick while choosing not to pursue the tanner Emil Rothfuss's wife. This author of Knulp wrote about Joseph Knecht's pursuit of the role of Magister Ludi in the title intellectual game, and described a journey undertaken with Govinda in search for the Buddha in another novel. This author of The Glass Bead Game wrote about the saxophonist Pablo bringing Hermine to the Magic Theatre, causing Harry Haller to stab her. For 10 points, name this German author of Siddhartha and Steppenwolf.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-27a0996966a8448ebb2ec8f2bb388d10",
            "input": "Ardahan, Kars, and Batumi were returned to their original owner as part of the terms of this treaty, which also transferred approximately ninety percent of one signatory nations coal mines. Richard von Kuhlmann represented the Germans at the negotiations that led to this agreement, while other powers were represented by Talat Pasha and Ottokar Czernin. An independent Armenia was created as a result of this treaty, which also renounced one parties claims to Finland and other Eastern European possessions. Leon Trotsky represented Bolshevik Russia at the negotiations, creating a treaty that ended hostilities for only about eight months. For ten points, identify this treaty between Russia and several Central European powers which led to Russia leaving World War I, named for a city in modern Belarus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc9eecc2bb8f4a30afd23ce84e95033c",
            "input": "In one novel by this man, Felipe Montero learns that the title character is a younger version of General Llorente's widow, while this writer's first novel follows Ixca Cienfuegos (\"chee-en-fue-gos\") in search of a sacrifice to avenge his gods. This author of Aura and Where the Air is Clear created Pollo Phoibee, who falls into the Seine and ends up in Ancient Rome and Philip II's Spain in [*] Terra Nostra. Another work by this man sees an Ambrose Bierce-inspired character killed by one of Pancho Villa's generals, while another work describes a dying tycoon's life from the Revolution to days of great wealth. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5e055cd3d7f472ca06185b45440984f",
            "input": "Data obtained from this equation can be correlated with the Reidel Equation; another alternative to it is the Wagner Equation which works over a wide range of temperatures. This statement can be derived from the Gibbs-Duhem relation assuming phases are in equilibrium contact and chemical potential is equal. It only applies when a gas is one phase of the transition, and its formulation can be derived given one point on the coexistance line. Using two approximations, it assumes the change in Gibbs free energy is zero and its common form is derived from the First Law of Thermodynamics. Modified by the Antoine Equation, it states that the derivative of pressure with respect to temperature is equivalent to the heat absorbed over the temperature and volume. FTP, identify this equation used to model phase transitions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ba472c7b4524a298411f6939dceb09c",
            "input": "This battle saw an early skirmish in which surprise fighting broke on in the streets of Wachau, but its beginning occurred as Austrian forces advanced on a Polish-held mill in Dolitz. Usually considered the successful execution of the Trachenburg Plan, this battle saw the French expulsed from a school house by Poniatowski and the Polish forces in the town of Markkleeberg. One important turning point in this battle was Murat's disastrous use of cavalry arranged in columns at Liebertwolkwitz, followed shortly by Blucher's routing of Marmont's French forces at Mockern. Though Napoleon's side was bolstered by men from the Confederation of the Rhine, the Prince of Schwarzenherg's coalition of six nations emerged victorious. For 10 points, name this October 1813 battle that resulted in Napoleon's abdication and exile on Elba.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-940cef3760e64fb19044564eb71e17ef",
            "input": "Rosenheim and Callow developed a test in which a mixture of this compound and metal acetates are used to detect the presence of sterols. Millon's reagent is a solution of mercury in this substance and a similar substance, which turns red in the presence of phenolic compounds and is useful in detecting tyrosine residues. The commercial production of this compound begins with the combustion of ammonia using a platinum-rhodium catalyst; that process is the Ostwald process. For 10 points, identify this acid which is found with hydrochloric acid in aqua regia, and has chemical formula HNO3.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-248d3120387f4db78cd3b2296546f919",
            "input": "The formation of these compounds shows both a fast and slow relaxation phase, which lead to Aniansson and Wall's stepwise association-dissociation equilibrium model for their formation. Armstrong and Henry developed an HPLC variant that uses them, which analyzes proteins in biological fluids. Milk clotting results from casein forming these structures. One of their properties is determined using steady-state fluorescence quenching; that value is the number of molecules present in one of these structures at their critical concentration, known as the aggregation number. They only form above the Krafft temperature, and inverted ones form in organic solvents and have heads pointed inwards. They are the basis for the action of detergents, and are formed from surfactants. Similar to liposomes, for 10 points, name these spherical structures formed from amphipathic molecules, which have their hydrophobic tails pointing in and heads pointing out.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43433ce91df64c88a59d83444d6a97d4",
            "input": "This author wrote about a woman who renounces her father to live with her Aunt Maud Manningham Lowder; that woman is secretly engaged to Merton Densher, who is loved by a wealthy American named Milly Theale. In another work, this author wrote about a woman who--after the death of her father--visits her Aunt Lydia Touchett and then marries Gilbert Osmond. In another work, a governess learns of a relationship between the deceased Miss Jessel and Peter Quint while caring for Miles and Flora. Name this author who wrote about Kate Croy in The Wings of the Dove, Isabel Archer in The Portrait of a Lady, and Mrs. Grose in The Turn of the Screw.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-acd319d9e93a469abc02b6444125b4a5",
            "input": "The Sleeping Beauty system uses these to stably deliver genes or RNA interference to mammalian cells. The Shapiro intermediate is associated with the Class I type of them. Thought to be a driving factor behind the development of chromosomes and DNA methylation, gypsy elements are common examples in Drosophila, while in humans, Alu [ah-LOO] elements are the most common type. Two human varieties, LINES and SINES, differ in their length and their ability to code for proteins, such as reverse transcriptases. The first system of these items to be described was the Ac/Ds system, whose members use a \"cut and paste\" method to move around in the genome. FTP, name these genetic elements first discovered in maize by Barbara McClintock.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe9f7ab9b7724fb38bdd979bf55e7601",
            "input": "It was discovered that the ground state of a material is unstable with respect to these groups in 1956. Quite resistant to vibrations within the lattice, they move about relatively unaffected by thermal vibrations below the critical temperature. Since it takes a non-zero amount of energy to break them, and imperfections in superconducting solids, which would normally lead to resistance, are incapable of breaking them, no dissipation and no resistance exist. FTP, name these units formed by superconducting or superfluid state electrons in which two electrons act as a single unit.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb262752a6ae46cda18a38283f4f1a52",
            "input": "In 1995, a team at Ohio State found that some examples possess a capability called \"homing\", in which RNA transcripts splice them into DNA at the exact spots they are found in other genes. Much debate still rages about the two major theories of their origins, the \"early\" and \"late\" theories. Confined to eukaryotes, they are removed in the cell nucleus by spliceosomes. A Nobel Prize was awarded to Philip Sharp and Richard Roberts for leading the teams that discovered them in 1977. FTP, what are these nucleotide sequences that do not code for the gene product, as opposed to exons",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81565ebae11e47c88d0bad004dca94fa",
            "input": "An unpublished work of criticism by this author on the works of Sainte-Beuve surfaced in the middle of the 20th century. His first published books, Portraits of Painters and Pleasures and Regrets, appeared with illustrations contributed by Madeleine Lemaire shortly after he gave up finishing Jean Santeuil. He began translating several works of John Ruskin soon afterward, but his time spent in the army contributed to his most famous work, which contained sections titled Within a Budding Grove and Sodom and Gomorrah, as well as the characters Charles Swann and Odette de Crecy. FTP, identify this French author of a seven-volume work translated as In Search of Lost Time or Remembrance of Things Past.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-698bd50719724323812c43556db9a8e4",
            "input": "This man was made Prince of Benevento by a ruler who would later call him a \"silk stocking full of shit\" in front of his generals. Upon Ferdinand's forced surrender and abdication at Bayonne, he and his family were forced to this man's chateau at Valencay. The namesake of a partition plan of Poland, he was appointed as a bishop of Autun, although he would repudiate that role after his excommunication. This man had been providing advice to Alexander I after the Treaty of Tilsit, betraying a man he had helped to power in the 18th Brumaire coup. This man's tendency to demand bribes for his services nearly provoked war with the United States in the XYZ affair. For 10 points, name this duplicitous and talented diplomat under Napoleon who represented France at the Congress of Vienna.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eef5df02740848dbbc0a471f3a3b7c74",
            "input": "One character in this opera sings the aria \"Avant de quitter ces lieux,\" in which he reveals he will be safe at war because of his sacred medallion but worries about his sister. The antagonist rouses Siebel and Wagner with the \"Song of the Golden Calf.\" The lead soprano of this opera is Marguerite, who sings about the finery of her necklaces and earrings in the \"Jewel Song.\" The antagonist of this opera uses an image of (*) Marguerite at her spinning wheel to convince the title character to sell his soul. For 10 points, name this Charles Gounod opera about Mephisopheles and a German scholar.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18c9ba9766574cc5a60bfcea6f0fcc1b",
            "input": "This author calls the title entity a \"true daughter of Old Time\" in his Sonnet to Science. In one short story by this man, Rowena dies and is reborn as the title character, who had written the poem \"The Conqueror Worm.\" This author of Ligeia wrote about an object taken by Minister D, and another of his stories takes place at [*] Prince Prospero's ball. A man escapes from the Inquisition with the help of some rats in a work by this man, and one of his stories sees Fortunato sealed in a dungeon by Montresor. Author of The Masque of the Red Death and The Purloined Letter, for 10 points, name this creator of Auguste Dupin who wrote The Pit and the Pendulum and The Cask of Amontillado.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa2e216e631d47e7871ebd3739fffea6",
            "input": "Vincent van Gogh complimented the tones of bare earth found in the feet of one person depicted in this work. The asymmetrical groupings of figures in this painting were inspired by the artists desire not to replicate a similar work by Thomas de Keyzer. One figures shoulder casts a shadow that forms a mask over the central figures eyes. Another figure in this work holds a list in his left hand and stands in front of a scroll displaying the artists name. The lower right foreground of this work depicts a huge open book, likely a work of Vesalius. In this painting, seven figures with ruffed collars observe the forearm muscles of the criminal Aris Kindt being held up with a forceps. For 10 points, name this painting in which an Amsterdam surgeon performs a public dissection, a work of Rembrandt.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8944e8288ba74e7ea2a6d982f32345e0",
            "input": "He never finished the chalice that Clement VII had commissioned, though he did create a button for that Pope's cape. He created a medallion depicting Atlas Supporting the Sphere, and he also sculpted a statue of Mars for Fontainebleau and a statue of Ganymede Riding the Eagle. Personifications of the winds ring the base of another of his works, which also features reclining gold models of Neptune and Ceres, while the first title figure of his most famous work holds the sword with which he decapitated the other title figure. For 10 points, identify this murderous Mannerist goldsmith who sculpted Francis I's Salt Cellar and Perseus with the Head of Medusa.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-abc8b6a7a8f84c14a2935d4fd22c8c74",
            "input": "Corny has adventures with with friends Dirck and Guert in a novel by this author named for a peninsula shaped like the devils foot. That novel, Satanstoe, is the first of a trilogy that includes The Chainbearers and The Redskins, which are collectively known as The Littlepage Manuscripts. In another of his novels, Harry Wilder has continual run-ins with the title character, a pirate who is known by the nickname of his ship, The Red Rover. His first novel featuring La Longue Carabine is subtitled The Sources of the Susquehanna, while his first novel, Precaution, was followed by one about Harvey Birch, The Spy. FTP, identify this author of The Prairie, The Pathfinder, and The Deerslayer, best known for creating Natty Bumppo in The Leatherstocking Tales.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-843ae409e32d48e08a7a3f52118f3bbb",
            "input": "Issachar J. Roberts, the Southern Baptist who inspired this movement, refused to baptize its leader, though he had been the first missionary to depart Macau, one year after the British arrived nearby. When Yang Xiuqing, its minister of state, threatened to usurp the leader's title, he was killed by General Wei Changgui, who was then himself assassinated. It was put down by Tsing Kuofan, who took Nanking after Frederick Townsend Ward, Charles Gordon, and the Ever-Victorious Army had kept its adherents out of Shanghai. FTP, name this \"Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace,\" an uprising against the Qing dynasty led by Hong Xiuquan.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-762e4d3382604df999217dac9b3e68ef",
            "input": "A steel plant in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania was the site of an event that led to a challenge of this law. Chief Justice Charles Hughes wrote the majority opinion in the resulting Supreme Court case against the Jones and Laughlin steel company that upheld the application of this law to interstate commerce. Airlines, railroads, agriculture, and government were exempt from the provisions of this law, which was amended by a law twelve years later that expanded the size of its namesake board among other changes. Heavily amended by the later Taft-Hartley Act, for 10 points, name this act passed in 1935 that established a namesake board to protect labor rights and encourage collective bargaining, sponsored by a New York senator.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3866616a17e4c1598ffd16183679f4a",
            "input": "Lev Vygotsky criticized one of this man's theories by stating that syncretism is a useful means of experimentation, while David Elkind extended this man's concept of hypothetico-deductive reasoning to the imaginary audience and personal fable phenomena. This man collaborated with Barbel Inhelder to ask the subjects of one study to identify a doll's perspective of three mountains. He posited that equilibration is the balance achieved between (*) accommodation and assimilation, processes used to organize knowledge into schemas. The subjects of this man's most famous theory realize object permanence during the sensorimotor stage and are less egocentric by the concrete operational stage. For 10 points, name this Swiss psychologist who created genetic epistemology and formulated a four-stage theory of child cognitive development.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f0210e23e5047bab3eff6900d2677e1",
            "input": "Tribonian compiled his legislation into the Codex Constitutionum, later known as the Body of Civil Law. Later legislation under his name included the Novellae, the first enactments in his empire to be published in Greek, not Latin. Early in his reign the Blues and Greens revolted against his rule and convinced Hypatius to take the imperial seat at the hippodrome; on his wife Theodora's advice he sent to put down the rebellion Belisarius, who later reconquered much of the Roman Empire for him. FTP, name this greatest Byzantine emperor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8082ffaca9b345d192402d5ff945027c",
            "input": "In one of this author's works, the feminist Bertha attempts to humiliate her artist husband with the help of Abel. The arrival of Eleonora helps to redeem the Heyst family in a play set on a certain holiday. The Baron and Baroness Sprengel are featured in a one-act play in sixteen scenes known as The Link, while in a more famous work Captain Adolf is taken to an insane asylum due to the machinations of his scheming wife Laura. The student Arkenholz is the protagonist of a work which, along with After the Fire, Pelican, and The Storm makes up his series of Chamber Plays. His better known characters include the writer Arvid Falk in The Red Room and a titular girl who seduces and makes a suicide pact with the valet Jean. FTP name this author of Miss Julie.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9bf15204ede347caabdafe91a88f8718",
            "input": "This man was removed from his position as a captain in Luoyang after instituting a policy that resulted in the flogging of an uncle of Jian Shuo. He had his subordinate Dong Zhao build the Pinglu and Quanzhou trenches, which he used to convey supplies north for his campaign against the Wuhuan; in that campaign he won a decisive victory at White Wolf Mountain. At the suggestion of his advisor Xun Yu, he convinced Emperor Xian to move the capital to Xuchang. His greatest victory came after minor skirmishes at Boma and Yan Ford and saw him lead a strike force that burned the Wuchao supply depot. In a later battle, he was fooled by Huang Gai's false defection, resulting in the burning of his navy and his defeat at the hands of the forces of Zhou Yu, Sun Quan, and Liu Bei. This general, who triumphed over Yuan Shao's forces at the Battle of Guandu and lost the Battle of Red Cliffs, gained early fame for putting down the Five Pecks of Rice and Yellow Turban revolts. For 10 points, identify this villainous first King of Wei.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3c3179e90dd473789fce4e6464462a8",
            "input": "In one essay, this philosopher discusses a figure who could \"do with evil precisely what he does with Rahab or with the shades\" and concludes that that figure, who \"sees in unity what you see in fragments,\" suffers, thus resolving \"The Problem of Job. \" One chapter of one of his works traces its subject back to the second definition of knowledge given by Theaetetus and defines its subject as an \"incomplete thought\" that failed in its purpose according to a higher thought. Another chapter by this author explains the World of Interpretation using Pierce's \"doctrine of Signs. \" The former work is \"The Possibility of Error\" and requires the existence of \"an infinite unity of conscious thought. \" One of this author's works rejects conceptions of being such as mysticism, critical rationalism, and realism in its first volume, and then goes on to consider \"Nature, Man, and the Moral Order\"; that work is The World and the Individual. Ubiquitous to this author's work is the existence of an Absolute Knower. For 10 points, name this American idealist and author of The Problem of Christianity.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44aafa1955df499a92e668cb48c11257",
            "input": "The chairman of this country's Communist Party was dismembered with a chainsaw while its military dictator listened on the phone, and a different military dictator of this country ordered his 70-year-old mother flogged in public after he learned he'd been born out of wedlock. Following civil unrest between tenant farmers and landowners and an extra-constitutional action in this country's senate, Fernando Lugo was overthrown as president of this country in 2012. The most vilified leader of this country was a paramour of Eliza Lynch who shouted \"I die with my nation!\" at the Battle of Cero Cora. The likely victory of Horacio Cartes in this country's upcoming presidential election would return power to the major 20th century party in this nation, once led by Alfredo Stroessner. For 10 points, name this South American country which Francisco Solano Lopez led into the War of the Triple Alliance, with capital Asuncion.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24136e2817e24f7d8d3ab74076290a39",
            "input": "[AR] Using a different technology than diodes, FlatLite is an electroluminescent light source that uses Light-Emitting versions of these devices. An incorrect electrolyte formula can cause failure of these devices on motherboards known as its eponymous plague. The inverse of this devices quality factor is known as tan-delta. Reservoir types of these devices are used in power supplies to smooth the output of a full or half wave rectifier. The limit on the power density of these devices is based on the breakdown voltage of the dielectric employed. A precursor to this modern device is known as a Leyden jar. Capable of storing energy between two conducting plates, for 10 points name this electric component whose eponymous SI unit is measured in farads.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82fafd4bba8f432b83e1bc2896b990a9",
            "input": "This instrument is featured along with the piano in \"Praise to the Eternity of Jesus,\" part of the Quartet for the End of Time. Like a larger instrument in the same family, this instrument often uses a wolf tone eliminator. A concerto in E minor for this instrument was written by Edward Elgar and famously played by (*) Jacqueline du Pre. Bach wrote six suites for this instrument which plays accompanied by pianos in the Swan movement of The Carnival of the Animals. Pablo Casals and Mstislav [MIST-ih-slav] Rostropovich play, for 10 points, what string instrument which is smaller than a double bass yet larger than a viola",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43feac8f85144cd49d3594e1d4748abb",
            "input": "The overture to this opera was first composed for Aureliano in Palmira. One character in this opera lists vicious gossip about the protagonist in the aria \"La Calunnia. \" Its premiere was disturbed by annoyed fans of Giovanni Paisello, who had composed an earlier opera of the same name. In this opera's second scene, one character sings \"A un dottor dell mia sorte,\" ordering another character to be locked in her room. That character sings of her love for Lindoro in \"Una voce poco fa. \" The title character introduces himself in the aria \"Largo al Factotum,\" and helps foil Doctor Bartolo's plan to marry Rosina, who ends up marrying Count Almaviva. Based on a play by Beaumarchais, for 10 points, name this comic opera by Rossini named for the profession of Figaro and set in Spain.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6029e527d4044b8dbe145737548ece13",
            "input": "In one novel by this author, the protagonist resolves to learn classical languages to help her husband write The Key to All Mythologies. She created a title character who loves Hettie Sorel, a woman who has Arthur Donnithorne's illegitimate child. One novel by this author sees Dunstan Cass steal the title character's gold. In another novel by this author, Dorothea Brooke marries Will Ladislaw despite the provisions of Edward Casaubon's will. For 10 points, name this author of Adam Bede, Silas Marner, and Middlemarch, a British female novelist with a male pen name.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be40642416c943f6b35676e9362ea3c0",
            "input": "One section in this work discusses a whole boatload of sensitive bullshit that has gone down the American river! The second section of this work likens Solitude! Filth! Ugliness! Ashcans and unobtainable dollars! to a Canaanite god to whom children were sacrificed by fire, Moloch. The composer of this work claimed that its meter is meant to imitate Lester Young. The last part claims that the author is in Rockland with the poems dedicatee, Carl Solomon. For 10 points, name this poem, perhaps the best known by Alan Ginsberg; his lamentation for his generation.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a6763be434c0414887f8b4657e242131",
            "input": "The supposed murder of Oliver Miller was one of the events that precipitated it, inspiring the rise of the Mingo Creek Militia and the assault on John Neville's house. Its leader, David Bradford, claimed to have been blackmailed into joining the insurgents, and when Governor Thomas Mifflin refused to get involved, Harry Lee led 13,000 militiamen called by President Washington to restore order in Washington County, Pennsylvania. For 10 points -name this 1794 rebellion that protested a new tax on distilleries.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-677fba746cdd45458afcf49b7a15f9a0",
            "input": "This man's Second Piano Concerto is dedicated to his psychologist Nikolai Dahl, who treated him after he had a breakdown after the premiere of his First Symphony. That symphony which features a  theme based on Dies Irae as well as a gypsy scale as part of the second theme of its first movement, a grave-Allegro non troppo. This man wrote another work which employs 5/8 time to evoke the sense  of (*) rowing and the Dies Irae to symbolize death. That work by him is based on a painting of the same name by Arnold Bocklin. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Isle of the Dead, as well as Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d7d5b1dc0d44389b65894bb87d9f7bb",
            "input": "Tim Crow argues for an evolutionary origin and links it to the development of language. Studies link it to a gene known as COMT, and a prevalent theory claims that overactivity of dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic pathway result in the main symptoms associated with it. The term for it was coined by Eugen Bleuler in 1911, replacing Emile Kraepelin's term \"dementia Praecox. \"  FTP, name this psychiatric disorder, which may be classified as undifferentiated, disorganized, catatonic, or paranoid.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d7f2e566b3e418590590769dc9239d8",
            "input": "William Walton wrote a set of variations on the Andante from this composer's cello concerto. One of this composer's works opens with a Praeludium in C, includes a series of interludes and fugues, and ends with the Praeludium's retrograde inversion. Besides Ludus Tonalis, this author of The Craft of Musical Composition composed an opera based on E.T.A. Hoffmann's Mademoiselle de Scudri, Cardillac. This composer wrote a requiem based on Whitman's \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd,\" as well as Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes of Von Weber. For 10 points, name this twentieth century German composer of an opera about the painter of the Isenheim Altarpiece, Mathis der Maler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50788acd57494239912637ccc729f48e",
            "input": "The Moessbauer spectra of tin salts has shown a strong correlation to this property, and this property can explain the inductive effect observed in sigma bonds. Neon exhibits this property the most on the Allen scale, while this quantity's equalization was developed in a model by Sanderson. Slater's rule is applied to find the effective nuclear charge used in the (*) Allred-Rochow definition, while it can also be found by taking the average of the first ionization energy and electron affinity using the Mulliken definition. Caesium exhibits this property the least, and is assigned a value of 0.7 on a scale developed by its formulator, Linus Pauling. For ten points, name this chemical property that describes an atom's tendency to attract electrons towards itself.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82ba22ff95ab4113a5723c9a9eb8a028",
            "input": "This man wrote Flos Campi for solo viola, small orchestra, and a small chorus, and he composed a Serenade to Music, which was a setting of a scene from The Merchant of Venice. His seventh symphony was based on his film score for Scott of the Antarctic, and his operas include Hugh the Drover, The Pilgrims Progress, and Sir John in Love. He used texts by Whitman as the basis for his Sea Symphony. For 10 points, name this composer of The Lark Ascending and Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dcf3721a477a4737bb8802f94b1d4221",
            "input": "He ousted Ilyas-Khoja and Tughlugh, the Jagataite khans of the Ili River region. A duumvirate formed with his brother-in-law, Mir Husain, proved short-lived, as he assassinated Husain after besieging the city of Balkh to secure his control over the rebellious Afghans. Successive victories followed over Mogholistan, the Kipchak khanate, and the Egyptian Mamlukes. After capturing the Ottoman sultan Bayezid the Lightning-bolt at Ankara, he massacred the Knights of Rhodes at Smyrna. Vowing to undertake the conquest and conversion to Islam of Ming China, he died of disease near Otrar before his departure. FTP, name this Central Asian leader, whose warlike exploits inspired a blank verse drama by Christopher Marlowe.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee7d62f666854feba990f71af99032f1",
            "input": "This battle opened when the jester Taillefer attacked a soldier while reciting the Song of Roland. After this battle, victorious troops were ambushed in the Malfosse. One side in this battle employed housecarls and effectively used a shield wall to defend against archer attacks. This battle took place after Tostig's brother defeated a Viking invasion at (*) Stamford Bridge that was led by Harold Hardrada. This battle occurred at Senlac Hill, where its loser was shot in the eye. The Bayeux Tapestry depicts Harold Godwinson's loss at this battle. For 10 points, name this 1066 victory for William the Conqueror.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1006d0d984214dcab91a64eba8d2bf77",
            "input": "Commoners in this country protested the restoration of the aristocracy by burning tax archives in the Bourla-Papey uprising. Under the command of Karl Josef von Bachmann, a last stand of soldiers from this country occurred on the 10th of August, 1792, an event commemorated by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen. David Frankfurter killed the founder of this nation's branch of the Nazi party, Wilhelm Gustloff. Earlier, FrA(c)dA(c)ric-CA(c)sar de La Harpe worked with the French Directory in establishing a republic here. A federal state was established in this country after Henri Dufour won the Sonderbund War; earlier wars fought in this country included the Kappel Wars, in which Huldrych Zwingli died. For 10 points, name this country whose cantons supply the Vatican's soldiers and guards.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c88546984a864d88a05b060f87c393fa",
            "input": "work by this thinker contrasted the natural differences between men with the artificial moral types that arise from property and the division of labor. This man described the perfect woman as \"passive and weak\" in a work that outlined the ideal schooling of the titular character. Another work by this author of Discourse on Inequality asserts that the government be separate from the sovereign whose concern is the general will of the people in order to enforce the titular political agreement. For 10 points, name this French philosopher who wrote Emile and argued that \"man is born free and everywhere he is in chains\" in The Social Contract.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-48b9f752579d4842834c3765b53d8042",
            "input": "This thinker argued the titular men all created a \"secondary language\" that separated its practitioner from the rest of the world in Sade, Fourier, Loyola. One work by this thinker man described a \"twilight of the raw\" cuisine and deems Japan a land of empty semiotics. In addition to writing Empire of Signs, this man argued that style and language are conventions are only unique when manipulated into a certain form in his first work. This man outlined five codes through which a text derives meaning, examining an (*) \"axis of castration\" in Balzac's story Sarassine. in one major work. The best-known work by this thinker asserts that texts are \"never original,\" and insists that the titular figure be replaced with a \"Scriptor\" who is born \"simultaneously with the text. \" FTP, name this French literary critic, author of Writing Degree Zero, S/Z, and \"The Death of the Author. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6d94c230d3bc468b82b3e0ae66088969",
            "input": "Louis Hammett developed a function relating their strength to thermodynamic activity coefficients. The pH of a solution is related to the negative log of their namesake equilibrium constant by the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation. Boron triflouride has an unpaired p orbital, which makes it the Lewis variety of these chemical substances because it readily accepts electrons. According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, they donate protons. These produce hydronium in water according to the Arrhenius definition. For 10 points, name these chemicals which have a pH less than seven.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-646569ab6142449c96563d0caf3d74fd",
            "input": "This author decried modern attitudes toward the elderly in the 1972 work La Viellese, translated as The Coming of Age. This author also wrote The Ethics of Ambiguity and was a signatory of the \"Manifesto of 343,\" which bore the signatures of women who publicly admitted having had illegal abortions. Her best-known work examined the title people in literature and history and stated that putting a woman on a pedestal allows man to keep her in a pit. Author of the novel The Mandarins and a one-time lover of Nelson Algren, FTP name this author of The Second Sex who also wrote Adieux: Farewell to Sartre.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e6a70fa6b5746f197891caa2761782c",
            "input": "An anharmonic oscillator exploiting this effect as a microelectromechanical system component was proposed by Serry, Walliser, and Maclay. Julian Schwinger has postulated that sonoluminescence arises due to this effect, and this effect requires that bag radius and mass are independent under a combination of the Skyrmion and MIT models, the chiral bag model of the nucleon. One setup for measuring it attached a polystyrene sphere to an atomic force microscope, and Lamoreaux used a torsional pendulum to achieve the first precise measurements of this effect. This force may produce pressures as large as an atmosphere at a separation of ten nanometers. For 10 points, name this effect arising from zero-point energy, described by the attraction or repulsion due to virtual photons between two close uncharged metallic sheets in a vacuum.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa5705f0c9f04e33840841999b96f241",
            "input": "The names of the people depicted in this painting can be seen on an oval-shaped stone cartouche that hangs on the right of its central arch. The drummer on the right-hand side of this painting is partially cut off due to an alteration, and a helmeted man whose eyes peer out from behind the flag bearer may be a self-portrait of the artist. A (*) chicken hangs from the illuminated white dress of a girl in this painting, which also depicts a man in yellow holding a sword in his left hand who is standing next to Frans Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this Rembrandt painting named for its dark finish.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c0b050096f043fb9262205fcc8c9d14",
            "input": "In its fourth section, the author considers the claim that \"Brutus killed Caesar\" and notes that it would be false even if the word \"killed\" were to mean \"begat. \"   In its final section, the author asserts that as a \"lay physicist\" he doesn't believe in Homer's gods, but insists that questions about centaurs, brick houses on Elm Street, and classes are more or less on par. The first section offers some historical background, including discussion of such pairings as \"Scott\" and \"the author of Waverley,\" before considering the claim that \"No bachelor is married. \"  The author attacks Lockian and Humian definitions of the titular concept, and claims to espouse a \"more thorough pragmatism\" than that of C. I. Lewis or Carnap by repudiating the imagined boundary between the analytic and synthetic. FTP, name this seminal 1951 essay which appears in From a Logical Point of View, a work by Willard Van Orman Quine.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc0e3524c8fd4b07bce178fcc3f82c86",
            "input": "The author of Philosophy of the Revolution, this man saw his shining foreign policy moment at the Treaty of Bandung; later missteps included involving his nation in the Yemeni civil war. The target of a 1954 assassination attempt at the hands of the Muslim Brotherhood, he rose to power earlier that year following Mohammed Naguib's fall from grace after the overthrow of King Farouk. Before leading his country into an ill-fated union with Syria, he defied the West with his handling of the Aswan High Dam Project and the Suez Canal. FTP, name this president of Egypt from 1956 to 1970.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5ce35fdb9b9940f5a888c2534c33c042",
            "input": "This author of a letter entitled The Prayer of Twenty Millions supported Nathaniel Bankss election as Speaker of the House, leading to this mans caning by Albert Rust. He was succeeded in his best known position by Whitelaw Reid. During the Civil War this man urged the slogan forward on Richmond! and he lost popularity after signing the bail bond of Jefferson Davis. This onetime ally of Thurlow Weed and William Seward joined with Carl Schurz and Charles Sumner to create an organization that pushed for civil service reform, the Liberal Republican Party. He was unsuccessful in his bid to defeat Ulysses S. Grant in the 1872 Presidential Election and died soon thereafter. For 10 points, name this founder and longtime editor of the New York Tribune who once urged go west, young man.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50ffcf823bf94b73bf04357558b2705d",
            "input": "One character in this novel lies about the contents of his portmanteau, which contains money rather than stockings as claimed. Later on, that character joins the protagonist at the Black Bear Inn.The protagonist of this novel visits Mr. Owen at Tolbooth prison accompanied by Andrew Fairservice. This novel's main action begins when Tresham sends a letter alerting the protagonist of a plot to embezzle his father's funds. The protagonist of this novel fell in love while watching Diana Vernon at a fox hunt on the way to live with her uncle, Sir Hildebrand. The novel ends when the protagonist pursues Rashleigh, who is in turn killed by MacGregor Campbell. For 10 points, identify this novel about Frank Osbaldistone, which takes its name from the appearances of the titular Scottish outlaw, a work of Walter Scott.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70a847fd75494571896a23e57f29fb09",
            "input": "She characterizes her situation as one stop on the train line of her life in a scene in which she agrees to a triangular arrangement. This character is disappointed by news of a fracas involving the police and a mighty huntress of men, the redhead Mademoiselle Diana, since it means that her vision of another character with vine leaves in his hair did not come to fruition. She blames a moment of pity while walking by the Falk mansion for her marriage to a man who plans to write a book on the domestic crafts of medieval Brabant, which he puts off to work with Thea Elvsted on reconstructing the last manuscript of Eilert Lvborg. FTP, name this wife of George Tesman, the title character of a Henrik Ibsen play.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58c01b9f77f84687a22ea7fc137e3014",
            "input": "In the Epistle of Barnabas, this act is considered a prefiguration of Christ's crucifixion, because the number 318 in Greek, TIH, resembles Christ on the cross according to the author. During the Reformation, Zwingli opposed Anabaptism, citing this practice as justification for infant baptism. This practice was forbidden in Eugenius IV's papal bull reuniting with the Coptic Church after the Council of Basel-Florence. Chapter 15 of Acts features an apostolic council where it was decided that this act was unnecessary, and in the fifth chapter of Galatians, Paul declares that Christians who have performed this act have \"fallen away from grace\". In the early church, this practice was associated with Jewish Christians, who were distinguished from Gentile Christians by it. Considered the foremost mark of the Covenant, this is, for 10 points, what practice whereby the foreskin is cut from the penis",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-15577fadf664412cb051bb050bdb7ecb",
            "input": "One conflict for independence within this nation was known as the Little War, which took place shortly after the Pact of Zanjon ended the Ten Years' War. One leader of this nation led the 26th of July Movement that overthrew Fulgencio Batista, and U.S. control over this nation was the subject of the Teller Amendment. The best known leader of this nation was the target of the Bay of Pigs invasion, and this country was blockaded by the U.S. during a namesake \"missile crisis.\" For 10 points, name this Caribbean nation long ruled by Fidel Castro.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62c80650cf7d4a2d8d7a5279faace54d",
            "input": "One offshoot of this group was founded by Clarence Smith, called the 5% Brigade, and this group celebrates Saviors day on Feb. 26. One of its leaders began the publication The Final Call, and also published a dietary guide entitled How to Eat To Live. Among its tenets is the existence of a gigantic sphere loaded with bombs and made of 15 billion dollars worth of gold called the Mother Plane. Its doctrine also tells of a 600-year experiment conducted on the island of Patmos by the evil Yakub, which created a white germ from a black germ. Founded by Wallace Ford Mohammed and currently lead by Louis Farrakhan, FTP, name this pseudo-religious sect whose members included Elijah Mohammed and Malcolm X.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e54d45b1dd0f4748922a4544baf595df",
            "input": "This man included six of his sisters compositions in his Op. 8 and Op. 9 publications, and this man dedicated his Piano Quartet No. 3. in B Minor to J.W. Goethe. A student of Carl Friedrich Zelter, he was heavily influenced by the work of J. S. Bach, as evidenced by his op. 35 set of six Preludes and Fugues and biblically themed oratorios like St. Paul and Elijah. Also notable by this man is his Italian Symphony and several piano concerti. For ten points, name this composer of The Hebrides, incidental music for A Midsummer Nights Dream, which included his Wedding March, and the Songs without Words.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b0089bff0134429803682264bd582c8",
            "input": "This man's illegitimate son was the last Loyalist governor of New Jersey. He founded the American Philosophical Society as well as the Union Fire Company, a volunteer fire department. He was appointed the first United States Postmaster General in 1775. This publisher of Poor Richard's Almanack was Pennsylvania's delegate at the Second Continental Congress. For 10 points, name this Founding Father who invented bifocals and the lightning rod.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0087b4ddf134fceb28337d09a52b8b1",
            "input": "British conquest in Ceylon and Mauritius was recognized as a result of it. One representative was so hard of hearing that he needed the exchanges shouted into his years, and another would commit suicide seven years later for fear of having his homosexuality exposed. Prince Hardenberg represented Prussia and Viscount Castlereagh represented Britain, but it was Alexander I who suggested a Holy Alliance. Talleyrand allowed for French borders to be returned to those of 1792 in, FTP, what meeting called by Metternich in 1815",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad8d83f710484602883509496021b9ca",
            "input": "Her third husband was a farmer who lost his crops to a horde of fairy mice, but they stopped harassing him after he caught one and threatened to hang it. Before she married Manawydan, she had a child by her second husband who vanished from their home and ended up at the court of Teirnon. The daughter of Hefeydd the Old, this lady of the Singing Birds decided that she preferred a lord of Dyfed to her first husband, Gwawl. Considered a version of the horse goddess Epona, she was the mother of Pryderi by the man she loved, Pwyll. FTP, name this figure from Welsh myth who rings like a bell through the night in a song by Fleetwood Mac.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-978366673b1a40f9a2680ccd338dff62",
            "input": "When they landed in the Bebrycian land, one of their number killed a son of Melie who forced people to box, Amycus. That endeared them to Lycus of Mariandynia. King (*) Aeetes chased them out of Colchis, and this group encountered both the Sirens and the Harpies. For 10 points identify these people, including Polydeuces and Heracles, who used a namesake ship to find the Golden Fleece and were led by Jason.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca8cdd0050f04891b9e94e187638d4f3",
            "input": "This nation's Machalilla state park is home to the Agua Blanca archeological site which contains relics of the Guangala and Valdivia cultures while indigenous peoples to the east regions of this nation include the Secoya and Siona. The Agoyan Waterfall, this country's highest, is part of the Pastaza River which originates at Mt. Tungurahua. This nation's capital is found on the eastern slopes of Mt. Pichincha and this country is also home to the volcanoes, Cotopaxi and the farthest point from the Earth's center, Mt. Chimborazo. The country that holds the Galapagos Islands, For 10 points, identify this South American Andes nation, home to the cities of Guayaquil and its capital, Quito.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4422b3a8d53c43bda07e62d831a20e45",
            "input": "In the Kjeldahl method for analyzing organic nitrogen content, this procedure is followed by titration of its ammonia product. VLE diagrams are used in the McCabe-Thiele method to determine the number of stages over which this process must occur. One type of these involves lowering the pressure on the system below the vapor pressure of the desired product, and is called the \"vacuum\" type. The Fenske equation gives the number of theoretical plates required for the \"fractional\" type of it. For 10 points, identify this process used to separate volatile liquids based on the differences in their boiling points.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f768013ae4474decbbfa05e9319c3a6c",
            "input": "One resident of this city condemned wayward wives for making their husbands impotent by baking bread from wheat and honey smeared on the wives' naked bodies; that passage is contained in the Corrector sive Medicus, the 19th volume in a collection of 20 books on church government written by Burchard, an 11th century bishop of this city. An agreement reached in this city provided for the reception of the regalia \"through the sceptre\"; that agreement reached between Callixtus II and emperor Henry V was the 1122 concordat of this city that brought a halt to the investiture controversy. In the Nibelungenlied, this city is the location of the Burgundian court. Along with Speyer and Mainz, it is home one of the three imperial cathedrals of the Rhineland. In a later meeting at this city, Johann Eck, assistant to the Archbishop of Trier, asked a question which drew the response \"my conscience is captive to the word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything.\" For 10 points, what German city was visited by Charles V and Martin Luther during a 1521 Diet",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-41d4aa899b034c13bdb965e2392d3ec5",
            "input": "Along with Charles Eames, this man designed the 9th of Arts and Architecture's Case Study houses. For the Knoll Company, he designed the Tulip chair, and the University of Chicago's law school building was designed by this man. Aaron Copland's \"Canticle of Freedom\" was composed for the dedication of a concert hall designed by this architect, and another building by this architect was the first of its kind to feature baggage carousels. Those buildings, the Kresge Auditorium at MIT and the TWA Flight Center at JFK airport, exemplify the thin-shell roofs used in his designs. For 10 points, identify this Finnish architect who designed the Gateway Arch in Saint Louis.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8140121508344437a7e0afea58bc809a",
            "input": "This painting is analyzed in the opening of the book The Order of Things by Michel Foucault. Scenes painted by Rubens hang on the back wall in this painting as a bodyguard and a nun converse to the right. A man can be seen through a doorway at the back of this painting, while a man wearing a red cross and working at an (*) easel is this work's artist himself. A mastiff in this work's foreground is being nudged by the foot of a dwarf as a small girl in a large white dress stands at its center. For 10 points, name this painting showing the Infanta Margarita and the family of Phillip IV of Spain, a work by Diego Velazquez.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9533cf3c2b4446a39c807e9a0e732cd3",
            "input": "At the premiere of his last ballet, Relache, the curtain bore a sign stating that \"[Blank] is the greatest musician in the world; whoever disagrees with this notion will please leave the hall. \" The musicians Sauguet (so-GAY), Desormire (daze-orm-YARE) and Milhaud (mee-OH) organized the \"School of Arcueil\" (ar-COY) in honor of the suburb of Paris where he lived, and his compositions include the Mass of the Poor, the Bureaucratic Sonatina, and Parade. FTP, name this man, upon whose ideas Les Six were founded, and who is best known for such pieces as Dessicated Embryos and the Gymnopdies (zheem-no-pay-DEE).",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f748fb592484477f8d2c57f7b8728c03",
            "input": "Hans-Georg Gadamer argued that the ideal described in this work is heuristic in nature in an essay about this work's author \"and the poets. \" Books six and seven of this work assert that knowledge is ultimately for the Good, which shines on intelligible essences like the sun. It asserts that love is \"a tyrant\" over man, and compares imaginative, real, intelligent, and abstract levels of thought to a line divided into four segments. In its first book, Thrasymachus describes justice as \"the advantage of the stronger,\" while its seventh book likens people unaware of Forms to humans viewing shadows on the wall of a cave. For 10 points, name this Platonic dialogue that describes an ideal society.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2baef772f3c4b438c0e9421bfdff1cd",
            "input": "He gained fame as a translator with his Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights, while works of nonfiction include 1942's Bombs Away and the Robert Capa collaboration A Russian Journal. He is better known for his novels, lesser-known examples of which are The Short Reign of Pippen IV, and The Wayward Bus. His first work, Cup of Gold, was followed by works like In Dubious Battle and The Red Pony, many of which were based on his experiences in Salinas, California. FTP, identify this American writer of such works as East of Eden and The Grapes of Wrath.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8fecdce6c1a43cc89b30c1e98041f1a",
            "input": "One character in this work tells a story about being courted by Edgar Atkins Teagarden from Jasper, Georgia, and every Saturday, he would bring her a watermelon with his initials carved into it, while dining at \"The Tower,\" which is run by Red Sammy Butts, who declares the title phrase. A story about a house with a secret panel leads to an incident where Pitty Sing leaps out of her basket and lands on Bailey's shoulder. Hiram and Bobby Lee take the children John Wesley and June Starr into the woods despite the pleas of the grandmother, in, for 10 points, this short story about a family that is murdered by the Misfit, written by Flannery O'Connor.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fbbcd251fc01427e927a01664ccf08ce",
            "input": "At the end of the novel, the title character's daughter marries Aaron Winthrop, who is happy to allow the title character to live with them. After the opium addict Molly Farren dies in the snow, 16 years pass, and the skeleton of Dunstan Cass is found in a drained pit, along with the title character's stolen gold. FTP, identify this 1861 novel, which ends with Godfrey Cass admitting that Eppie is his daughter, the story of a linen-weaver from Raveloe which was written by George Eliot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51f51b82ab0043848a394035b6f4a1f7",
            "input": "According to the myths of the Navajo and Pueblo, the world was created by an old woman who took the form of this creature. In the myth of the Lakota, dreamcatchers were created by a god in the shape of this animal named Iktomi. Another one of these creatures was a son of Asase Ya who brought back a leopard, snake, dwarf, and hornet before his father Nyame gave him all the (*) stories in the world. Athena turned a woman into one of these animals after she depicted the affairs of the gods in her weaving. In West African folklore, the trickster god Anansi was one of these creatures. For ten points, name this eight-legged animal that Arachne was turned into.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c562eb65f12c4dfc96fd3eb6bd8b2df5",
            "input": "In Act I of this work, one character sings \"Qual occhio al mondo\" to compare the title character's eyes to those of the Marchesa Attavanti. Later in that act, he sings \"La vita mi costasse, vi salver\" to the brother of the Marchesa in agreeing to shelter him, although Angelotti later commits suicide in a well. In Act II, that savior sings \"Vittoria\" after hearing the results of the Battle of Marengo, and the antagonist sings \"Mi dicon venal\" when asked how to save his life for harboring Angelotti. Later, after the title character of this opera sings \"Vissi d' arte\", Spoletta is ordered to stage the execution of Cavaradossi, and the antagonist who issued this order is stabbed by that title character. For 10 points, what is this opera that ends with the title character jumping to her death, after the treachery of Baron Scarpia, composed by Giacomo Puccini",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7adebadba3644374884fe32a61bd909b",
            "input": "It was discovered in 1935, though the receptor for this hormone has not yet been identified. The action of this hormone is hypothesized to develop through the action of dwarf1, a G protein, dwarf2 and sleepy1, both F-box proteins, and PICKLE, a chromatin remodeling factor, leading to degradation of the DELLA proteins. Generally containing a four-ringed diterpenoid structure and synthesized in the apical meristem, one of its important function is to mobilize sugar from starch by induction of amylase in the aleurone layer, thus inducing seed germination. Differing from auxin in that it never inhibits growth, FTP, name this plant hormone which promotes stem and leaf growth.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-85484fbb457d468f9260ac4a2fca75ef",
            "input": "He presented a concrete and abstract theory of motion in his New Physical Hypothesis, while his other early works include a translation of the Theatetus and a dialogue, Pacidius Philalethi, which deals with the labyrinth of the continuum. He concluded that \"love of God\" is our greatest good in his essay \"The Principles of Nature and Grace,\" while another of his late works concludes that under a perfect government no good act would be unrewarded, and no bad deed unpunished. Those works were both written in 1714, and the first was prepared for Prince Eugene of Savoy. In response to Coste's French translation of a major English work on epistemology, this man wrote his New Essays on the Human Understanding. FTP, name this German philosopher of the Theodicy and the Monadology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0cea8b2bd83646049a0d83397638bf8d",
            "input": "This author's time in Honduras after fleeing an embezzlement conviction provided material for his collection Cabbages and Kings, and Ward McAllister's assertion that there were only four hundred people in New York City who were worth noticing prompted this man to write the collection The Four Million. This man wrote about Della Young's selling of her hair to buy a watch chain for her husband and James Young's selling his watch to buy combs for his wife. For 10 points, name this short story writer of \"\"The Gift of the Magi. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c96e2ca16dc463b963c848cc51b3185",
            "input": "The title group of one of this man's stories represents all nations and is led by Don Alejandro, who eventually orders a huge stack of books to be burnt. In another of his stories, a man plans to engage in a knife fight in the title region, which may be a dream as he had earlier been dying of septicemia. This author of \"The Congress\" and \"The South\" wrote a story in which a character mentions a riddle whose answer is chess and whose central character is pursued by Captain Madden. This man wrote about Carlos Argentino Daneri, who sees the entire universe through the title entity, as well as about the sinologist Stephen Albert, who is killed by Yu Tsun, allowing the Germans to bomb an artillery park. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Aleph\" and \"The Garden of Forking Paths.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3195c7bbadd74f97b5367d7e80f3aa33",
            "input": "Sutter Green is named after one member of this society, and one of its leaders, John Kelly, was a trustee of the savings bank located across from this society's headquarters. William Leggett led the Locofocos who opposed this organization, and its leaders included Charles Francis Murray and its founder, William Mooney. In political cartoons, this group was often represented as a tiger, and one of its leaders was represented as a man with a moneybag in place of his head by cartoonist Thomas Nast. For 10 points, name this Democratic Party political machine which heavily influenced New York politics under the leadership of bosses like William Tweed.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69f914b32ae94afd8b3478b5ebd4dcc0",
            "input": "This author created an elderly beach-goer who sees several menacing red-headed men. The title character of another work by this author murders the fascist hypnotist Cipolla. This author, who created a character who becomes obsessed with the Polish boy Tadzio, wrote of another character who converses with Clavdia Chauchat and Leo Naphta while staying at an alpine sanatorium. Gustav von Aschenbach and Hans Castorp are creations of this author of Mario and the Magician. For 10 points, name this author of Death in Venice and The Magic Mountain.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c596b9815764058a67d93b75375dd9f",
            "input": "A distinction between whether actions or common laws best create ideal conditions lead to the \"act\" and \"rule\" positions within this philosophical school. Characteristics like \"fecundity,\" \"intensity,\" and \"extent\" should be measured before one acts according to the \"hedonic calculus\" posited by this movement's founder, Jeremy Bentham. FTP John Stuart Mill wrote a book titled for what philosophy, which argues that one's actions should minimize suffering and maximize happiness",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31db45cd6c9a4d0db3e67f35cd819b07",
            "input": "His son Dryas was killed with an axe wielded by another of his sons, the brother of Dryas and father of Itys. Another two of his sons took up the custom of challenging to a chariot race all suitors for the hands of their daughters Marpessa and Hippodameia, and killing the losers. His son by Cyrene died when Heracles clubbed him and fed him to his own livestock. In addition to Tereus, Evenus, Oenomaus and Bistonian Diomedes, he was the father by Aphrodite of Cadmuss wife Harmonia, as well as two of his battle companions, Phobos and Deimos. FTP name this Greek god of war.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39d5170870ad4eddadfe143463916e0f",
            "input": "To make this molecule, bactoprenol chauffeurs N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid through a membrane. Lysozyme continually breaks its NAG-NAM connections, while penicillin binds to proteins that provide cross-links between strands, and thus causes the cell to lyse when it tries to reproduce. Gram negative bacteria use lipoprotein anchors to hold it to the outer membrane, while Gram positive bacteria are surrounded by about forty layers of this molecule, which is also known as murein. FTP, name this polymer that makes up prokaryotic cell walls.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-621a9c6cbf5b43018f546cb8c44563fa",
            "input": "In weddings in this religion, the bride and groom consult a clearness committee and exchange declarations. Children in this religion are taught to live by the acronym SPICES. Isaac Crewdson's writings caused the Beaconite split in this religion, which in its early existence was led by a group called the \"Valiant Sixty\". Yearly gatherings in East Africa led to Kenya becoming home to the largest population of this religion's members. The Richmond Declaration is an important text in this sect, which saw an early split between the Wilburites and Gurneyites. Central tenets of this non-Mormon sect include continuous revelation and the \"priesthood of all believers\". Its members, who participate in either \"programmed\" or \"unprogrammed\" worship and use \"plain speech\", believe they reflect the \"inner light\" of God. For 10 points, name this Christian denomination founded by George Fox, whose members tremble before God.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0dda561519c4fd586b629b2ca19dbb1",
            "input": "This city was formerly home to the Monastery of Gastia, which has now been converted for other purposes, but it is still home to the Monastery of Stoudios. One church in this city was founded by St. Pulcheria. This city contains two churches operated by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church: one named for St. Demetrius, and another made out of cast iron and named for St. Stephen. A 13th century church here is named St. Mary of the Mongols because it was founded by a local princess who had married a Mongol prince from the Ilkhanate before being tragically widowed. The Three Chapters controversy was adjudicated by a council at this city, and Nestorianism was condemned by another council here, and Anastasius was a Patriarch of this city who played a crucial role in one of its largest religious scandals. For ten points, name this city home to Iconoclasm and to the Hagia Sophia.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34f049e13e6e47dbb0bb0e5f8afe0011",
            "input": "The time when this composer heard a flute player repeat a four note theme for two and a half hours inspired his orchestral suite \"Beni Mora\", while the works of Keats were the basis for his \"First Choral Symphony\". A symphony trombonist, he developed an austere style in works like \"Egdon Heath\" and the opera \"At the Boar's Head\", and gained acclaim for the \"St Paul's Suite\" and the operas \"The Perfect Fool\" and \"Savitri\", the latter of which stemmed from an interest in Hindu themes that prompted him to learn Sanskrit. FTP, who is this British composer probably best known for a seven-part orchestral suite entitled \"The Planets\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-47f9ff4116cc4e89b98cadeed4bd9399",
            "input": "Thomas McClintock helped chair this meeting, which sparked a National Convention two years later in Worcester, Massachusetts and saw speeches by Samuel Tillman and Ansel Bascom. Newspaper editor Gordon Bennet ridiculed this meeting by publishing its proceedings in the New York Herald, and it was sparked by an extension of the state property tax. This meeting was organized at Richard Hunt's tea table in the nearby village of Waterloo and took place in a Wesleyan church. The Declaration of Independence was modified to form its namesake Declaration of Sentiments. For ten points, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton organized which 1848 convention on women's rights",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-488a3700f0864696817f67eda8d10d6a",
            "input": "Its failure to conjugate glucuronic acid with albumin bound bilirubin can result in jaundice and it is site of the production of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from Vitamin D. Fatty acids are metabolized here through beta oxidation and it can phosphorylate and store glucose in the form of glycogen. For 10 points, what is the multi-lobed organ which utilizes its cystic ducts to transport bile to the gallbladder and is the target of various hepatitis viruses.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93c03640abfd4be497b2a30d6eee23d5",
            "input": "This quantity for an atomic nucleus is determined using Weizscker's [VAHYTS-zek-uhrs] formula. The no hair theorem states black holes are completely characterized by their angular momentum, charge, and this quantity. The oscillation period of a spring equals two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant. The theoretical value of this quantity for gluons is zero. Linear momentum equals this quantity times velocity. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in kilograms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f72bdf123ef46e7928356392613b2c7",
            "input": "By averaging this quantity, the reduction of a certain intermolecular function to an angle-independent form for polar fluids can be performed in order to express conformal-solution theory. For liquid metals, the upper bound of this quantity can be obtained by the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. It is equal to the negative product of Boltzmann's constant, temperature, and the natural log of the partition function. The change in this quantity is equal to the maximum work accompanying a process, and it is defined as internal energy minus the product of temperature and entropy. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized by either A or F, a type of free energy named for a German scientist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66c203fe1db649f785f71e71e0491e14",
            "input": "He developed an interest in the supernatural soon before he died, producing such works as The Political History of the Devil and An Essay on the History and Reality of Apparitions--years after he wrote such early English ghost stories as \"The Ghost of Dorothy Dingley. \"  He wrote the mock ode \"A Hymn to the Pillory\" in prison in 1703, soon after writing the satiric poem \"The Shortest Way with the Dissenters,\" but is better known for the Jounral of the Plague Year and the novel Moll Flanders. For 10 points- name this Englishman who retold the story of Alexander Selkirk in his novel Robinson Crusoe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-48a102a2e268451c856c97cece265c89",
            "input": "This architect used a giant sculpture of binoculars as both the pedestrian and vehicle entrance of his Chiat/Day Building. He created a building originally nicknamed Fred and Ginger after Fred Astaire and Ginger Rodgers. This architect included the \"Sky Church\" room in one building and he designed the Pritzker Pavilion in Millennium Park. In addition to designing the Dancing House of Prague he designed the Pritzker Pavilion for Millennium Park. Jeff Koons' sculpture Puppy lies outside one of his best known buildings, which was built along the Nervion River and is made of reflective titanium panels resembling fish scales. For 10 points, name this Canadian architect who designed the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles and the Guggenheim in Bilbao.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cf68b7a0149644acb27b36b303dcc951",
            "input": "This person lost a good deal of popularity for supporting the Burlingame Treaty against a piece legislation passed fourteen years after that treatys signing. This leaders first Secretary of State inaugurated the Pan-American Conference and his second proposed a treaty to annex Hawaii. The high degree of legislative spending during this persons administration was used against him in his reelection campaign, in which he was accused of complicity in the Billion-Dollar Congress, which passed the Chinese Exclusion Act and Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This Presidents Naval Secretary was Benjamin Franklin Tracy, his Secretaries of State were John Watson Foster and James G. Blaine, and his Vice President was Levi Morton. For 10 points, name this twenty-third President of the United States.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a6720eaccdbc4f69918ed62ada753085",
            "input": "This countrys ruler Kaleb invaded southern Arabia and ruled there until 525, and a century later, Armah gave asylum to early Muslims. Kassa Halyu had himself crowned Emperor Theodore II in 1855, and was succeeded by Johannes, who was himself succeeded by the signer of the Treaty of Ucciali. Starting in 1527, this country was overrun by Muslims led by Harar, and many of this countrys Falashas were repatriated to their religious homeland of (*) Israel in 1991 as part of Operation Solomon. This country was ruled by the Zagwe dynasty for 300 years after the fall of the Kingdom of Aksum, and in medieval Europe, this country was associated with the Christian kingdom of Prester John. Other famous rulers include Lij Yasu, Menelik II, and Haile Selassie. FTP, name this eastern African nation, formerly known as Abyssinia, with capital at Addis Ababa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8af5ea26293347fab7bdd2b1a2ebbc0b",
            "input": "Blood from the Splenic vein joins the mesenteric veins before flowing into this organ. This organ is one of the only internal organs that is capable of regeneration if a large part of it is removed, making it easier to transplant. In addition to being the largest gland in the human body, this organ is also the largest internal organ. For ten points, name this four-lobed organ that is responsible for releasing bile and breaking down toxic substances and is the target of the hepatitis disease.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d868082b6be54436b844e728951371aa",
            "input": "Gombrich contends that this work intentionally obscures the corners of the mouth and eyes. Jean-Jacques Comtet has claimed this works subject was hemiplegic, while Kenneth Adour suggested Bells palsy. It was the subject of Andy Warhols Thirty are Better than One and a Magritte painting that shares its name. Contemporary sources hold that it is a portrait of the wife of Francesco del Giocondo. For ten points, identify this Da Vinci painting of a woman with an enigmatic smile.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4dc9d88569a14e698b7067743e8a03aa",
            "input": "An unrelated Indian group with this name was founded in 1881 by John Slocum, who believed that he had visited heaven in a coma. This group had its origins in the work of Jane and James Wardley, and Richard McNemar wrote the earliest defense of this group's ideals, the 1807 Kentucky Revival. Some of their characteristics may have been adopted from the Camisards. Joseph Meachem and Lucy Wright instituted their rules of social organization, including communal living and celibacy. One of their communities is located in Sabbathday Lake Village, Maine. One member wrote \"by turning, turning we come round right,\" in the poem \"Simple Gifts. \" FTP name this Quaker sect founded by Mother Ann Lee.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b02e01efbadc4acf816b711193cb9e49",
            "input": "This man's second symphony introduced electronic instruments to imitate radio signals, and a reading of \"Prometheus Unbound\" inspired his Music for a Scene from Shelley. His neoclassical works include the Capricorn Concerto, while he experimented with atonality in Prayers of Kierkegaard. He received a Pulitzer Prize for an opera in which Anatol seduces Erika, while another of his works is written in \"arch\" form and comes from the second movement of his first string quartet. For 10 points, name this American composer who used a text by James Agee in his Knoxville: Summer of 1915, and who created the opera Vanessa and the Adagio for Strings.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95ac6f4afa9a4ee3adee9763f813a496",
            "input": "One character in this work bursts into laughter upon seeing some of the fashions worn in Oklahoma City and later declares his intention to study radios before wandering off along the river. That character, Connie, is married to the sister of the protagonist of this work, and that sister gives birth to a stillborn child before using her milk to nurse a starving man back to health at the end of this work. This work opens with the protagonist getting out of prison and meeting Jim Casy. For 10 pointsname this work, containing such characters as Rose of Sharon and Tom Joad, a novel of the Great Depression by John Steinbeck.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-084eae3f20c048e3b9f899a8bcb812de",
            "input": "An immigration act passed as part of this program abolished the national-origins quota system. A speech regarding this program stated that \"\"it is a place where man can renew contact with nature,\"\" and stated that it was meant to prevent an \"\"Ugly America. \"\" That speech establishing this plan was delivered at the University of Michigan. Among the other programs associated with it include Head Start, Job Corps, and Medicare. For 10 points, name this domestic program of President Lyndon B. Johnson.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3975d8e6d394433a3f70ca546e8bb51",
            "input": "Henri Bergson wrote a dissertation on this man's \"Conception of Place,\" and Porphyry penned the Isogage, a commentary on one of this man's works. Roger Bacon's Opus Major and Opus Minor criticized this man, and he wrote a work that states that young men are not well-suited to listen to discussions of right and wrong. Another of his works defines nature as a principle of change, while another contrasts the theories of Hippodemus and Plato. He also wrote a work that emphasizes plot and claims that recognition is the key to producing catharsis. For 10 points, name this philosopher of the Nichomachean Ethics, Physics, Politics, and Poetics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46350ef700ef48bc9272c487c53c0177",
            "input": "In the same year, the scientists behind this experiment corrected the work function for tungsten by taking into account the Schottky effect. A second test conducted by the scientists behind this experiment noted that there was no change in polarization, and the insulation in the apparatus was too weak to use a retarding potential. Fadley modified the apparatus to allow molecular beam epitaxial growth, and part of the interpretation relied on a formula that gives the index of refraction in terms of the bombarding potential. Changing the angle of the detector gave a maximum at 50 degrees, while another component was previously determined to have a plane spacing of 2. 15 angstroms on its {111}-face, leading to a wavelength of 165 nm according to Bragg's Law. Performed at Bell Labs and used to test the de Broglie relation, for 10 points, name this experiment where a beam of electrons was fired at a Nickel target, a proof of wave-particle duality.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8785a7cb6c0b40d0b4ad0edbc071e580",
            "input": "was originally used to describe a wave function in momentum space for a wave with definite momentum. The integral from -1 to 1 of this function of 1 over x is zero. An infinite series of evenly spaced ones is called a (*) comb, and the Fourier transform of that construct is another comb. The convolution of a function with this one simply yields the original function. It was first rigorously defined mathematically by Laurent Schwartz. The integral of a function \"f\" multiplied by this function centered at point \"a\" is f(a) (\"f of a\"), and it is the derivative of a step function named after Heaviside. For 10 points, name this \"improper\" function with zero width, infinite height, and area one, often used to describe a sharp impulse.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0982635f58584e2690d9042ab17e992a",
            "input": "This man illustrated a 1930 edition of Apollonaire's Calligrammes. One painting by this man shows two figures, one clad in red and one in blue, standing in front of a wall, behind which the top of a sail is visible. Another painting by this man shows a large amount of bananas sitting in front of a headless statue. This artist behind The Enigma of the Arrival in the Afternoon and The Uncertainty of the Poet  depicted a green (*) ball below a Greek sculpture of a head next to an orange glove in his The Song of Love, and he showed two mannequins in The Disquieting Muses. This artist is perhaps most famous for a painting that shows a girl rolling a hoop with a stick down a long street. For 10 points, name this Italian founder of the Metaphysical art movement, the artist of Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84fe04084fa04372b60fb237a3fb9fda",
            "input": "This work's composer had to borrow music from Friedrich Burgmuller's Memories of Ratisbonne to create the \"Peasant Pas de Deux\" in the first act to accommodate a last minute request from one of his patrons' mistresses to participate in the show. One oft-performed dance from this ballet was interpolated by Cesare Pugni from the ballet Cupid's Prank, while many modern performances include the \"Pas Seul\" and \"Grand Paus de Deux\" composed by Leon Minkus. In this ballet's first act the \"Grape-Pickers' March\" occurs right before the Princess of Courland, Bathilde, gives the protagonist a necklace. In the first act of this work the main character picks petals from a daisy to determine the sincerity the love of a man pretending to be a peasant named Loys. In the final act Hilarion is thrown to his death in a lake by a group led by Queen Myrtha, while the title character of this ballet ultimately saves her lover Albrecht from the evil Wilis. For 10 points, name this romantic ballet about a peasant girl composed by Adolphe Adam.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26f659dfae034afeb102263b44076bc7",
            "input": "The 2,3- rearrangement of this name makes homoallylic alcohols from allyl ethers. The better-known reaction of this name involves a betaine intermediate, especially under conditions of excess lithium salts in the (*) Schlosser modification. For 10 points give the common name of these two reactions, the better-known of which is a synthesis of alkenes from carbonyl compounds using phosphonium ylides.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a55d06908444e1585f8cdb29c68a6ad",
            "input": "This reaction is similar to the Blanc Reaction, which typically creates chloro-methylated compounds, and it makes ready use of ionic liquids. It can be extended to apply to coumarins, and the same type of product is created by a Fries Rearrangement. Sometimes performed in connection with a Prins cyclization, it must be carried out with more than one equivalent of Al-Cl3 to avoid complexing, and one variant of it is often employed as a two-step process ending in reduction of the carbonyl group that is attached. FTP, name this reaction which can be an acylation or an alkylation, depending on what type of group is added to the benzene ring, named for two chemists.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8c4815d16e5543cea7f10affc8046638",
            "input": "The anion of this compound attacks a trialkylboron compound to produce boric acid and an anti-Markonikov alcohol in Brown hydroboration-oxidation. Alkyl derivatives of this compound also promote anti-Markonikov addition of hydrobromic acid to alkenes because its weak single bond is a radical initiator. Iron and this compound oxidize wastewater in Fenton's reagent. It spontaneously disproportionates because its central atom's oxidation state is -1. Superoxide dismutases synthesize oxygen and this compound. In response, catalase breaks down this compound in namesake organelles in the liver. For 10 points, name this disinfectant with formula H2O2.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a08fda7a7c614b1eb7c53c7738ea344a",
            "input": "When this man tricked everyone into thinking he wanted to kill his family, his son was able to pretend to defect to the neighboring town of Gabii, leading to its annexation. Ill omens stopped this man from closing a temple to the god Terminus, but he closed many other temples to build his major construction project, paid for by the capture of Suessa Pometia from the Volscians. This man allied with Octavius Mamilius of Tusculum and later with Lars Porsenna of Clusium, and his accomplishments include clearing Capitoline Hill to build the Temple of Jupiter. Two of his sons were sent to visit an oracle, after which their servant touched the ground with his lips to fulfill a prophecy about kissing your mother. For ten points, name this King of Rome overthrown by Lucius Junius Brutus after his son raped Lucretia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0dda1e34e9874e74bdb5bc1486383b21",
            "input": "In ancient times it was called Nevo and the route from the Varangians to the Greeks passed through it. Cities such as Korela and Oreshek were later founded on its shores and the Konevsky and Valaamsky monasteries can be found on islands within it. The Vuoska and Volkho rivers are two of the over 30 rivers that drain into it, while the Neva is its major outlet. Part of the Volga-Baltic water route from the river Svir, it is located in the Karelia region, northeast of St. Petersburg. FTP, identify this body of water, St. Petersburg's lifeline during World War II and the largest lake in Europe.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38afcfc737404ad181c54e1b4944b4ef",
            "input": "Its presence would increase the probability of a hyperchromic shift and decrease the melting temperature. Its namesake N-glycosylase always recognizes it as a mistake to be replaced via excision repair. The product of deamination from cytosine, which causes the disappearance of G-C base pairs from DNA, this pyrimidine is abundant even if folic acid is deficient. Isolated from herring sperm, FTP name this nucleotide base that pairs with adenine, but only in RNA.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8001a8946744c61a1add5e81e035489",
            "input": "Azlactone intermediates are formed when alpha-amino acids react with acetic anhydrides to produce these in the Dakin-West reaction, while the large ring alicyclic type are produced by the Ruzicka synthesis. Aromatic forms of these are created using organic nitriles in the Houben-Hoesch reaction, and also form from esters in the Fries rearrangement. The methyl type produces a positive result in the iodoform test, and unlike a similar compound, these almost always give a negative result when reacted with Tollens' reagent. Produced by the oxidation of secondary alcohols, for 10 points, name this type of organic compound consisting of a carbonyl attached to two carbon atoms, whose simplest example is acetone.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc00c1cf6e6c46ecb59b9020f42b95bd",
            "input": "Henry Gissey depicted this man wearing gold and taking a ballet pose in a painting of him as Apollo. St. Martin's Abbey and the spire of St. Brice can be seen in a depiction of this man's army camp in a painting by Adam Fran van der Meulen, and his army is seen crossing the Rhine in a painting by Joseph Parrocel. His family surround him as mythological characters in a depiction by Jean Nocret and he was the subject of various busts and sculptures by Antoine Coysevox. His visits to Gobelins factory as well as his resolution of his war with the Dutch were painted by Charles Le Brun, who also painted this man's apotheosis. Another depiction of this man shows him surrounded by a canopy of red and gold, while he wears an ermine lined robe of dark blue, decorated with the golden fleur de lis of the Bourbon family. The subject of various portraits by Hyacinthe Rigaud, for 10 points, name this King of France.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f37aa2217218477da94b26d9b928ae5c",
            "input": "The Ripon (RIP-uhn) Falls at the outflow of this body of water are now submerged. Its features include the Winam (WIN-am) Gulf and the Sese (SAY-SAY) archipelago. Its Speke (SPEAK) Gulf is named for one explorer of this lake. Much of the water coming into this lake goes through the Kagera (kuh-GAIR-uh) River. Kampala (KAHM-pah-lah), the capital of Uganda, is located nearby. This lake's only outlet is the Nile. For 10 points, name this largest lake by surface area in Africa, named for a British monarch.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99e7ac968bef4bbc898404bdf0dfb6b9",
            "input": "One character in this play orders another to precisely place a stool. One character in this play struggles to remove his boots at the play's opening as another examines his hat. At the end of this play, the characters resolve to leave but do not move. Characters in this play say \"quaquaquaqua\" and \"nothing to be done.\" This play's scenery contains a single (*) tree, and at one point Pozzo enters while leading Lucky on a leash. The title character never appears, despite Estragon and Vladimir performing the title action for two days. For 10 points, name this absurdist \"tragicomedy in two acts\" by Samuel Beckett.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-891f0db5d3d14a049ae77f6a9c627b9c",
            "input": "One ruler of this dynasty killed his childhood friend by hitting him with a game board, and this dynasty's Emperor Jing dealt with the Rebellion of the Seven States. This dynasty, which underwent a massive expansion under Emperor Wudi, was founded by Liu Bang. This dynasty was cut into two periods after Wang Mang created the Xin Dynasty. The Taoist Zhang Jue led an insurrection against this dynasty that was put down by its general Cao Cao, that was the Yellow Turban Rebellion. FTP, name this Chinese dynasty that ruled until 200 A.D. and shares its name with the predominant ethnic group of China.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dffb088228994ded9d139072b3d05213",
            "input": "This man told the story of the creation of the world to Hnossa while her mother was searching for her husband. Among the possessions of this mythological being, who lives in the Heavens Palace or Sky Mountain, includes the sword Hofund and his horse Gulltopp. The son of the nine daughters of Aegir, this god, with the nicknames of Vindhlr, meaning wind shelter, and Gullintanni, meaning golden-toothed, recovered Brisingamen after it was stolen from Freya. Even though he sacrificed an ear to drink from Mimir's well, this god has extraordinary hearing, which he uses to hear the grass grow. FTP, identify this Norse mythological figure who will blow Gjallahorn at Ragnarok, the guardian of Bifrost bridge.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a7298a1b13814c1aa1b9e0d87ebebc77",
            "input": "It was somewhat overlooked in its time due the naval Battle of Beachy Head, which occurred at the same time. A large amount of troops here were separated from each other by a deep ravine near Roughgrange, a landform that neither side knew existed. That mistake cost the losing side its cannons. The actual fighting broke out at Oldbridge, where George Walker and the second-in-command of the winning side, the Duke of Shomberg, were killed. The Dutch Blue Guard managed to force its way across this battle's namesake feature. The winning side had the help of infantry from the region of Ulster known as Inniskillingers, while much of the losing army in this battle had been raised by Richard Talbot, First Earl of Tyrconnel in an attempt to reclaim the landholdings lost by Catholics in Ireland during the event which this battle prevented from being reversed, the Glorious Revolution. For 10 points, name this 1690 battle that took place in Ireland, in which William III of England crushed the former James II near the namesake river. \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e1b3ed6f8b640ff9160e8d6498110e3",
            "input": "This man opposed the economics-first program advocated by an earlier leader who wrote Stadium and Light. This man's followers secured the passage of certain acts that ended the noble exemption from taxation and the practice of extracting \"robot\" labor that are known variously as the March Laws or April Laws. A bust of this person can be found in United States Capitol with the subtitle \"Freedom Fighter,\" and he claimed to have learned English by studying Shakespeare in jail. This editor of the Pesti Hirlap proclaimed independence in Debrecen, but Viscount Canning had to negotiate this man's exile at Shumen in Ottoman-controlled Bulgaria following the defeat of the Revolutions of 1848. For 10 points, name this man who sought autonomy from the Hapsburgs, the national hero of Hungary. \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f0aee50d3e642c3bd7ba11d381ad639",
            "input": "He picks up an old copy of Liberty and reads Can Germany Conquer the World Through the Air, after which another character tells him Von Richtmans circus is between here and Saulier. His book on streptothricosis is dubbed a brilliant performance by Pritchard-Mitford after he pulls on his gloves to operate on Wellington McMillan. He declares he could have killed Gregory Fitzhurst at three hundred feet with his left hand before deciding to go to a small A&P, having said Puppy biscuit to himself. After picking up his wife from the hairdressers, he begins to think again, perhaps about using his Webley-Vickers automatic to fight in a war, as he had daydreamed earlier. FTP, name this title character of a short story by James Thurber.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cca7b05a10584c5393c1144c2f8b453c",
            "input": "The central character, a resident of the San Bernadino Arms, falls in with such characters as Harry, a purveyor of homemade silver polish, and Miguel, a Mexican breeder of fighting cocks. There's also Abe Kusich, a dwarf horse player, and Earle Stroop, an unsuccessful cowboy actor. This novel famously ends with a riot at the Persian Palace during which Homer Simpson likely dies and the protagonist Tod Hackett, barely escapes. FTP, name this short novel by Nathaniel West.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b75631410f84a418379b623d16fd12f",
            "input": "This artist's name was used in sculpture designed in response to criticisms by William Tucker and  Anthony Caro: that Bruce Nauman sculpture suggests hands tied behind a back and is named This  artist Bound to Fail. One of this artists' works, which stands in a pool outside of the House of Cultures of the World in Berlin, is entitled Large Divided Oval: Butterfly, and another sculpture by him is an abstract (*) form that rises up in the hollowed out interior of another, entitled Large Upright  Internal/External Form. This artist created a series of six casts of his Draped Seated Woman, and was heavily influenced by a Mayan sculptural form known as the Chac Mool. For 10 points, name this British  sculptor of a series of Reclining Figures.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e681a3f021a343ed9934e91fec13085e",
            "input": "Dupuis traced the characteristics of St. Peter back to the ancient mythology of this deity, including both figures' associations with a rod. A temple devoted to this deity in Argiletum has his hands pointed in a position some say maybe represents the number 355, and he was once associated with Ani. This deity claimed that he used to be called Chaos because he was \"of the first world\", and in one story, he successfully pursues Cardea. Sometimes called Clusius or Patulcius in ancient times, he was said to have caused a volcanic eruption to prevent retribution for the Rape of the Sabine Women. Celebrated by Ovid as \"the only god who is able to see behind him\", the doors to his temple were probably kept open during times of war. For 10 points, identify this two-faced Roman deity, who gives his name to the first month of the Roman calendar.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b189834ce65041f4b21de94cded8b934",
            "input": "This man became head of a special committee which impeached the Earl of Oxford and Viscount Bolingbroke, who had been responsible for sending this man to the Tower of London. He grew unpopular when he pardoned John Porteous, and Robert Jacomb had earlier saved this man from financial disaster. He reluctantly declared war on Spain to start the War of Jenkins' Ear. He also brought down the Peerage Bill, but rose to his most famous position due to his handling of the South Sea Bubble as First Lord of the Treasury, which led George II to make him leader of the House of Commons. For ten points, name this first prime minister of the United Kingdom.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3111253704bd40d39ce27a6e57a2f709",
            "input": "The Saptarishi granted a prince named Dhruva immortality as a star for his devotion to this figure, whose worship is the subject of the Bhagavata Purana. Six ways of surrendering to this figure are detailed in the Pancharatra, which also outlines the five manifestations of this figure. Followers of this god often wear a u-shaped tilaka made of mud on their foreheads. Many brahmin devotees of this god follow the teachings of (*) Ramanuja. This god is often depicted holding the Kaumodaki mace and a conch shell, and in one incarnation, this god becomes ruler of Ayodhya after rescued his wife from Ravana. This god rides the giant bird Garuda and his ten avatars include Rama and Krishna. For 10 points, name this Hindu preserver god who forms the trimurti with Brahma and Shiva.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6313cedd14824312a60ef3f903c7ce02",
            "input": "In 2012, this artist was confirmed to have been the painter of Off Margate, Margate Jetty, and The Beacon Light, three works previously believed to have been fakes. Two tall trees appear to the right while two mythical figures look out to sea in this artist's The Bay of Baiae with Apollo and the Sibyll. The Tomb of Sychaeus is visible on the right bank of a dividing river in a canvas by this artist that shows a scene from the Aeneid. This artist of Dido Building Carthage used a wave of darkness to represent a snow storm assailing the army of Hannibal. He depicted a small rabbit in the bottom right of a painting depicting a train crossing the Maidenhead Railway Bridge, and he showed struggling captives being thrown overboard in a painting whose light source comes from a characteristically fiery sunset. For 10 points, name this British painter of Rain, Steam and Speed and The Slave Ship.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a373ec327c3b4f908f1e4fd5b3bd7cfe",
            "input": "One of this man's works features the 9/8 theme of its namesake creature; that work was a solo flute piece for Sacha Derek's La Mauvaise Pense called The Dance of the Goat. His collaborations with Albert Willemetz include the operettas Les Petites Cardinales and Les Aventures du roi Pausole, while his choral works include one commissioned by Ida Rubenstein that features the ondes martenot and one that features a children's chorus singing carols. In addition to Joan of Arc at the Stake and Christmas Cantata, he composed a \"symphonic psalm\" to a libretto by Rene Morax, Le Roi David. The third of his \"symphonic movements\" was unnamed and received less attention than the first two, which were an expression of the \"pulsating action\" of a football match and a depiction of a cross-country train in motion. For 10 points, identify this Swiss-French composer and member of Les Six whose works include Rugby and Pacific 231.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-def0539051644724b5d8caef4f46894c",
            "input": "This thinker engaged in a conflict with the satirical newspaper The Corsair and he stated that \"truth is subjectivity.\" This philosopher proposed three stages of life including the aesthetic and religious, while one of his works contains the section \"The Seducer's Diary.\" This philosopher examined the (*) teleological suspension of the ethical which allowed one person to become a knight of faith rather than infinite resignation; that example involves Abraham and Isaac. Johannes Climacus and Victor Eremita are among this thinker's pseudonyms. For 10 points, name this philosopher of the Danish golden age who wrote Either/Or andFear and Trembling.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffd8816bd6be4a4b940e6622d38b44e4",
            "input": "One work by this person features a desolate landscape with a needle-based top supporting a humanoid, blood-colored lattice with hands and green hair, while another has a hand in a black pyramid attached by strings to a yellow crescent and a creature consisting of two joined waist-down human forms. In addition to the aforementioned Ubu Imperator and to Men Shall Know Nothing of This, this artists works include a painting of himself, Paul luard, and Andr Breton witnessing the Virgin chastising Jesus; Piet or Revolution by Night; and Une Semaine de Bont, a book of collages made of encyclopedias. This author of the treatise Beyond Painting started the Cologne school of Dada. For ten points, identify this former husband of Peggy Guggenheim, a German Surrealist who discovered and utilized artistic techniques like grattage and frottage.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1905573fe1946849d6c124488e38124",
            "input": "A poem by this man claims that the title object is \"a resounding haven where in great waves / My   soul can drink the scent.\" This poet claims that the only thing \"more ugly, more wicked, more filthy\"  than \"crawling monsters\" is ennui [ahn-wee] in a poem that calls the reader a hypocrite. This poet of   \"The Head of Hair\" described a figure that will \"nonchalantly chaperone a ship / across the bitter  fathoms of the sea\". A collection by this poet of \"To the Reader\" contains one poem that begins  \"Old Pluvius, month of rains\" and another that begins \"When the low heavy sky weighs like a lid\",  both of which are titled \"Spleen\". Name this poet whose work \"The Albatross\" is found, like all of  his poems, in Les Fleurs du Mal [lay floor du mahl], or The Flowers of Evil.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-17a315314a094c5ba66ebb94144c14f5",
            "input": "The \"Preambule\" of one of this man's works was adapted from his unfinished Variations on a Theme of Schubert. That work by this man also features several movements named for commedia dell'arte characters, ends with the \"March of the League of David Against the Philistines\", and references the hometown of this composer's fiancee Ernestine von Fricken with the musical cryptogram ASCH. That work by this man also features appearances by two characters he created for his critical writings, Eusebius and Florestan. The second movement of another of his works is based on a landler, while that work's final movement depicted a scene this man had witnessed at the Cologne Cathedral. Many of his piano works were dedicated to his future wife Clara. For 10 points, identify this composer of Carnaval and the Spring and Rhenish symphonies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa3ff6bc51a34fb6ba3cc2184629349d",
            "input": "21 (Tiebreaker). In part of this work, three men sleep under an oak tree and later drink poison wine while searching for Death. In one section of this work, Nicholas tell a carpenter, John, that a second Great Flood is coming so that he can sleep with(*) John's wife Alisoun. That story follows another in which Arcite and Palamon fight over which of them get to marry Emily, and those are told by The Miller and The Knight. For 10 points, name this work, in which pilgrims on their way to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket tell each other stories, by Geoffrey Chaucer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-326caef41517457a8ee114bfda62af60",
            "input": "Notably, one of these entities is absent in the Leishmania mexicana GPI8 protein, and abnormally low numbers of pericytes occur if one is missing from PDGF. Binding of 14-3-3 proteins to GABAB [\"Gabba-sub-bee\"] receptors does not occur when two arginines are mutated to alanine in one of these entities, which also binds to the COPI complex. They are usually C-terminal signals, and a common mammalian one consists of the amino acids lysine, aspartate, gluatamate, and leucine, or KDEL. hnRNP C proteins contain one of them that allows them to override nuclear export signals. For 10 points, name these signals important in directing proteins to the correct membranes, most often used to prevent a protein's export from the endoplasmic reticulum. \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77316bf6d5f3463d9f2172eff70a2033",
            "input": "This thinker examined the use of analogy using the grammatically similar sentences \"A has a gold tooth\" and \"A has a toothache.\" This thinker was inspired by the way traffic courts in Paris model car accidents with toy cars to propose his \"picture theory,\" which was included in work that begins \"The world is all that is the case.\"  This author of the (*) Blue and Brown Books argued that \"What we cannot speak of we must pass over in silence\" and refuted the possibility of a private language using  the example of a beetle in a box. For ten points, name this Austrian philosopher whose works include Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4571c52ac1f649d78e2857444b436c25",
            "input": "Works during this man's Serialist period include the choral work The Dove Descending Breaks the Air and Threni along with a piece commemorating the poet Dylan Thomas. Early in his career he wrote songs such as \"The Fairy's Kiss\" and The Faun and the Shepherdess along with a popular concerto for orchestra known as Fireworks. His operatic works include the one-act work Rossignol and an opera about Nick Shadow with a libretto by W.H. Auden, The Rake's Progress, but he is better known for his Psalm Symphony and ballets like Petruschka. FTP, name this Russian composer of The Rite of Spring and The Firebird.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2d77cb6226443629704e370d0ee188e",
            "input": "One of these organisms was the basis of the rII system used by Benzer for single nucleotide mapping,\\n and the cosmid uses elements derived from one of these organisms. The first stretch of DNA ever\\n sequenced by Frederick Sanger was from one type of this organism, dubbed phi X, and the Luria-Delbruck\\n experiment used them to show that mutations are spontaneous. Another experiment using them labeled\\n their DNA with phosphorus-32 and their proteins with sulfur-35 in order to show that nucleic acids are the\\n material of heredity; that experiment was performed by Hershey and Chase using the T4 type. For 10\\n points, name these viruses which infect bacteria.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-274519cadee447749fb613056fc442eb",
            "input": "This statement can be derived by taking the natural log of a one-electron redox reaction written using Boltzmann factors. This equation can be generalized by considering multiple ions flowing across a cell membrane, a situation described by Hodgkin, Katz and Goldman. A term containing the gas constant times temperature over Faraday's constant is subtracted from the standard half-cell reduction potential in this equation. Typically applied to Galvanic cells, it is named for a German chemist. For 10 points, name this electrochemical equation which determines the equilibrium reduction potential of a half-cell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-def9a0e30a25453885c373c5d8029faa",
            "input": "This artist painted one work which depicts St. John dressed in a blue robe lifting his arms to the air as naked spirits rise to Heaven in the background. This artist painted his own son into the bottom left of one of his works. That work is divided into heavenly and earthly zones and depicts Saints Stephen and Augustine holding the title deceased figure. This man painted a landscape of his city during a storm. For 10 points, name this Spanish painter of The Burial of Count Orgaz and View of Toledo whose name refers to his Greek origins.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1dd17ec4f04e471997d12f9905254573",
            "input": "One of this thinker's works states that the \"good life\" is a \"process of movement\" characterized by \"openness to experience\" and \"an increasing Trust in His Organism. \" This psychologist developed the Q-sort technique in order to enable individuals to identify differences between their \"perceived\" and \"ideal\" selves. This psychologist developed a system of therapy in which the therapist refrains from explanation while encouraging patients to speak freely about their problems through unconditional positive regard. The author of A Way of Being and On Becoming a Person, for 10 points, name this humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e93a798589c8469a8e3e098026571315",
            "input": "A converter named for this concept is in cars with automatic transmissions instead of a clutch,   allowing drivers to use the brakes without harming the car. To find this quantity on a loop of wire,  start with the product of current times vector area, and cross that with the external magnetic field.  Work can be found by integrating this quantity with respect to angle, and this quantity is equal to  the time derivative of angular momentum. Name this quantity equal to both moment of inertia times  angular acceleration and to position vector cross force, the rotational analogue of force.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3a062919599d4d8d83b2b5e4a98be6f7",
            "input": "The Yamana are the only still extant native tribe from this region. Though not in Mexico, this region includes Lapataia and Ensenada Bays. One mountain range in this region is known as the Cordillera Darwin. The city of Ushuaia in this region calls itself the \"\"End of the World,\"\" lies on the Beagle Channel, and is the southernmost city in the world. For 10 points, name this region between the Strait of Magellan and the Drake Passage, which is split between Chile and Argentina and whose name literally means \"\"land of fire. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96766ed706d94bb8b3e3ba97149de7d6",
            "input": "BakTangWiesenfeld sandpile model of self-organized criticality has been used to study a spin-1 version of this model and applications of this have been used to study the cooperative phenomena of ligand-gated ion channels. The use of Monte Carlo methods in the application of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm can be used to find numerical solutions for it. Because the basic Kuratowskian of it is NP-complete, Istrail showed that no analytical solution to it can be extended to three dimensions. It relies on a nearest neighbor strategy wherein the coupling interactions contribute to the overall Hamiltonian of the system where the sum is taken over all pairs of neighbors. A generalization of this, useful in studying phase transitions is known as the Askin-Teller or Potts model and this model for a two dimensional square lattice with no magnetic field was analytically solved by Onsager. For 10 points, name this eponymous mathematical model that is capable of describing various phenomena notably ferromagnetism.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78ba025effac4c23881eda506739df33",
            "input": "Dividing this quantity by Avogadro's number to the one third times molar volume to the two thirds and multipliying by a steric coefficient gives specific surface energy according to Stefan's formula. This quantity is on the y-axis of a Mollier diagram, where it is plotted against entropy. This quantity is divided by the square of the temperature on the right side of the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, which relates it to Gibbs free energy. The differential of this quantity equals TdS plus VdP. This quantity equals internal energy plus pressure times volume. Only the change in this quantity can actually be measured. For 10 points, name this quantity, a state function computed using Hess's Law.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7bfed959de5f45fb945643b8953ca6dd",
            "input": "Takoka developed one version of this data structure called the 2-3 variety, while other versions of this structure include the skew and leftist varieties. Tarjans algorithm can be used to construct them in linear time, and Dijkstras algorithm often uses the Fibonacci type. This structures namesake sorting algorithm has a worst-case runtime of big O of n log n, and operations allowed within these structures include delete-max and merge. FTP, name these data structures used to implement priority queues, that consist of a tree in which each child node has a key less than that of the parent node.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b5faff7eb5b4d46addef8628054b9a9",
            "input": "This country's \"National Rainbow Coalition\" was ended by a 2005 referendum in which \"yes\" and \"no\" votes were represented by bananas and oranges respectively. That referendum spawned this country's Orange Democratic Movement, which is led by Prime Minister Raila Odinga. Odinga recently entered into a power sharing agreement with President Mwai Kibaki after the violent aftermath of the 2007 elections. For 10 points, name this African country with capital at Naiobi.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-396ee4d3210445e28b518cb948191215",
            "input": "He created the NF system of set theory and, with Hilary Putnam, made an indispensability argument for the reality of mathematical entities. He advocated looking to the limits of a formal language in order to determine the ontological commitments of any statement in that language in his The Ways of Paradox and Ontological Relativity, and he identified logical reductionism and the analytic/synthetic distinction as the titular fallacies of another work. For 10 points, name this American analytic philosopher, the author of Word and Object and Two Dogmas of Empiricism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66cc6db5102d432398ccb73069215387",
            "input": "J. Gwyn Griffiths argued out that the title of this work is derived from Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historia though Johnstone Parr pointed out that Raleighs History of the World may have also been a possible source. The speaker of most of the poem commends an artist for having well those passions read and creating a figure with [a] frown and wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command. For 10 points, identify this poem whose titular king of kings commands the narrator to Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!, a sonnet about Ramses the Great by Percy Shelley.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38fb4991fb3a4b7da99188d685ecf777",
            "input": "This composer used an unusual structure for his Sonata for cello and piano, which begins with a \"Prologue\" and features the cello imitating the lute Pierrot uses to sing to the moon. One pieces opens with rising parallel fifths, inspired by the Javanese gamelan and evokes an underwater building near the Island of Ys. He quoted the Scottish folk song \"Keel Row\" in the \"Gigues\" section of his musical triptych Images, and included the pieces \"The Submerged Cathedral\" and \"Footsteps in the Snow\" in his Preludes. This composer wrote a tone poem with sections about the \"dialogue between the wind\" and the title entity, and the third section of his Suite Bergamasque takes its title from a Verlaine poem. For 10 points, name this French Impressionist composer who wrote \"Clair de Lune\" and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2fac0d216234fa2889a367bbd08b05d",
            "input": "Heinrich Sudermann filled the new post of Syndic and tried to revive its power in later years. Earlier, after a loss at the Battle of Helsingborg, it formed the Cologne Confederation. Broken into three parts, the most powerful of which was the Wendish third, it built foreign posts known as (*) Kontor including Bergen, Peterhof, and the Steelyard. After a successful blockade of Copenhagen, it signed the Treaty of Stralsund, which cemented a victory over King Valdemar IV of Denmark by extorting 15 percent of Denmark's trading profits. It convened at a Diet, with representatives from 70 to 170 cities, which periodically met at the city of Lubeck. For ten points, name this alliance of trading cities and guilds that maintained a trade monopoly along the coast of Northern Europe during the late Middle Ages.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e97323723f944bafa579b35d284a0074",
            "input": "One character has a tradition of giving chocolate to the girl's pool, and another claims to be dumber than an eight year old because she doesn't know what a charlatan is. The crazy Knowles operates the mayonnaise elevator number five. Hazels' obsession with Hoosiers is an example of a false karass, while the ambassador Horlick and his wife Claire represented a duprass; Horlick was later fired for his comments regarding Americans. Frank, who stages bug fights and was known as secret agent X-9, and Newt, who is shorter than an umbrella stand, are the sons of Dr. Hoenikker, whose central invention of the novel was originally developed for marines. Featuring the banana republic of San Lorenzo and the religion of Bokononism, for 10 points, name this Vonnegut novel about ice-nine, which takes its name from a string game played by Dr. Hoenikker.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca26119e870f4972837b09015c627601",
            "input": "This man painted a horse with black spots across its abdomen jumping over a figure in a reddish-yellow robe, while in another a winged figure is sharpening a knife while stepping on two books. In addition to Spill of Paul and Bogenschnitzender Amor, he painted a pair of angels around a globe next to the title figure in Emperor Charles V Receiving the World. An old man stands next to a woman holding three cherubs in his Five Angels, and the Bufanali chapel commissioned his Vision of St. Jerome. Another painting has a group of four people on the left of the title figure, with a large column next to a man holding a scroll on the right. FTP, name this mannerist who depicted himself in Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror and created an elongated Mary with the infant Jesus in Madonna with the Long Neck.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3378135147849389ee3040ca2074481",
            "input": "In the Merseburg Incantations, this character is also referred to as Phol and is aided by his family when his mount sprains its foot. The Gylfaginning claims that \"none may gainsay his judgments\" while Saxo Grammaticus held him to be a historical rival of Hotherus in the Gesta Danorum. Due to the treachery of Thokk, and despite the use of Hringhorni, the largest ship in the world, Hermod failed in his mission to retrieve this god. However, the Voluspa foretells his resurrection following Ragnarok. FTP, identify this son of Frigg mistakenly killed by his brother Hoder's mistletoe arrow; the Norse god of beauty.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f822ecb48d84cd7ba1c165fb137a037",
            "input": "21 (Tiebreaker). This man was put in charge of the prison fort of Puerto Cabello [cah-BEY-oh] by Francisco de Miranda. This man appealed for help with his most famous cause in his Letter from Jamaica. Earthquakes and Catholicism were cited as causes for the fall of his country's First Republic in his(*) Cartagena [CAR-tah-HAY-na] Manifesto, and he broke with Jose de San Martin at the Guayaquil [guay-ah-KEEL] Conference. This man won the Battle of Boyaca, liberating Colombia, and he won the Battle of Carabobo in his own country. For 10 points, name this Venezuelan revolutionary, namesake of a country with capitals at Sucre and La Paz.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1152a88fd3bd4ec5bac110819c4afa3d",
            "input": "an American speaking engagement, the U. S. president allegedly grabbed this man by the lapels and screamed \"Don't you come into my living room and piss on my rug! \" He won his first term by campaigning for \"Sixty Days of Decision\" and accepting Bomarc nuclear missiles into his country. Tommy Douglas's New Democrats were crucial to this man's two minority coalitions, which pushed through the Canada Pension Plan. As Prime Minister, he pushed for the adoption of the Maple Leaf flag, and had earlier won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating an end to the Suez Crisis. For 10 points, name this Canadian who served as a Liberal Party PM from 1963 to 1968.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b4b9dc1534f4d1b976ccbe4730c94f9",
            "input": "This psychologist coined the term \"phenomenal field\" for all sensory experiences that a person is aware of at any given moment. This psychologist used the Q-sort technique for personality assessment, and suggested that within each person is an organismic valuing process. This author of A Way of Being included the section \"How Can I Be of Help\" in his book On Becoming a Person. Along with Maslow, he was a member of the humanistic school of psychology, and he developed a type of therapy in which therapists communicate empathy and show unconditional positive regard. FTP name this psychologist who developed client-centered therapy.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89a092bd54354c4f9fbec443fcdf3138",
            "input": "A boy named Hans in this novel idolizes the protagonist, and another Hans is the landlord of the Bridge Inn. The protagonist gets a job as a janitor at a schoolhouse where he annoys Miss Gisa at the instigation of two characters the protagonist calls Arthur although one is named Jeremiah. He eventually meets Amalia, the kindly sister of Olga and Barnabas, the man who delivers a (*) letter from Klamm. Klamm's mistress Freida falls in love with the protagonist, but leaves him after his meeting with The Superintendent leaves him no closer to the title possession of Count West West. For 10 points, name this novel in which a surveyor named K attempts to enter the title structure, a work of Franz Kafka.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-147a45de417d4b7a9a24e9f7f64300c1",
            "input": "Troops from this city lost the Battle of Montaperti because of the treachery of Bocca degli Abati. This city expanded during the Primo Popolo, and in 1378, it saw a revolt of lower-class woolworkers known as the Ciompi. This city briefly became a republic after the disastrous rule of Pietro the Unlucky, and in 1497, the Bonfire of the Vanities occurred in this city under Savonarola. For 10 points, name this capital of Tuscany, an Italian city once ruled by Cosimo and Lorenzo de Medici.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a0b654b236547db8ca1bf957c1246e6",
            "input": "The theme of passion in this novel is addressed by the character Professor Josu, who asserts that a lover should write a ballad, not a sonnet, for the title character. Set in the village of Ilhus, a young cacao exporter arrives to relieve the town of control by various \"colonels,\" including Manuel of the Jaguars, Jesuno Mendona, and Ramiro Bastos. The title character, the wife of Vesuvius Bar owner Nacib Saad, is a beautiful mulatto with equal skill in the kitchen and bedroom. Relating the reform efforts of Mundinho Falco, FTP, identify this best known work of Brazilian novelist Jorge Amado.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c1bc4b9d67a41d98ca483edc8c5bd37",
            "input": "Britzinger showed that chiral ansa-indenyl ligands can help direct the action of these compounds, and these compounds use MgCl2 or SiO2 as a support. Using vanadium instead of the usual central atom reverses the stereochemistry of the product, and metallocenes are sometimes used to improve control of the product distribution. The less-accepted Green-Mooney mechanism for their operation has a hydride shift, while a competing theory has a substrate occupy a vacant site in the coordination sphere of the central metal atom, followed by a migration. This results in repeated 1,2-insertions and is known as the Cosee-Arleman mechanism, which produces either iso or syndiotactic products. Usually terminating via beta-hydride elimination, for 10 points, name these aluminum and titanium chloride compounds used to create polyethylenes, a type of catalyst named for two chemists.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d6f159cbf5941b6aa06d1f17f612b6f",
            "input": "One author from this country wrote a novel about a house named for a bouquet of sunflowers, in which the gift of a mysterious box reveals that two principal characters are committing incest, and a novel in which the newspaper The District Voice exposes the title priest's affair with Amelia, which ends with the infanticide of their child. This country was home to the author of The Maias and The Crime of Father Amaro. A poet from this country wrote a book titled for a Latin acronym for the phrase \"the mind commands the matter,\" which predicts that this country's \"hidden\" king will found the spiritual \"Fifth Empire.\" That poet from this country wrote \"The Keeper of Flocks\" as Alberto Cairo and several odes to Greek gods as Ricardo Reis. For 10 points, name this country, home to Jose Maria de Eca de Queiroz and the heteronym- producing Fernando Pessoa.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-689fe179e0b948a79f7ca02bdd4bc9a7",
            "input": "A fleet led by Lourenco de Almeida was among the first Europeans to colonize this modern day nation. One empire in this modern day nation, whose largest ethnic group is known as the Sinhalese, had its capital at Nallur. The Palk Strait is at the northern end of this nation, as is a series of small islands known as (*) Adam's Bridge. The northern tip of this island was also home to this nation's Jaffna kingdom, which ruled at the same time as other empires on this modern country like the Kotte Kingdom and the Kandy Kingdom. For 10 points, name this Asian nation once known as Ceylon.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1caea1b1117d49c0bd22b24aa98ca05d",
            "input": "Martin Doutre and Phil Parkinson have argued that this document is derived from the \"Littlewood Document\" that was created in the home of J. R. Clendon. A recent distillation of this document called \"Principles\" of this document argues that this document is intended to enhance the \"duality and unity\" of subjects in order to foster an \"outcome of reasonable partnership\" of \"equality and \"self-management\". Part of this document was modified by the Sim Commission, which declared some of its claims to be \"excessive\" and ordered an annual payment of 3000 pounds to the Waikato. This document released control of the Land and Estates Forests Fisheries from the \"Chiefs of the United Tribes\" to a party supported by Eruera Maihi Patuone. This treaty, signed on the property of James Busby, was ratified on the behalf of Queen Victoria by William Hobson. For 10 points, name this 1840 treaty signed by a bunch of Maori chiefs that effectively founded New Zealand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de309c024c184522bd6b35c0234abcac",
            "input": "In NMR, the nucleus independent chemical shift is used as a reference when working with molecules that exhibit this property. Also in NMR, molecules with this property exhibit a diamagnetic ring current. If half the vertices of a molecule's structure lie fully in the lower half of a Frost circle, it will have this property, which corresponds to no occupation of antibonding molecular orbitals. Molecules with this property generally show a high degree of unsaturation, but prefer substitution reactions to addition reactions. A molecule is said to have this property if it contains a fully-conjugated cyclic system. Four n plus two pi electrons is one criteria for this property put forth by Huckel. For 10 points, name this property of molecules like benzene, which exhibit unusual stability.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11c2efe48b634440ace9cf97376df55f",
            "input": "This treaty voided a document that was partly intended to counter the plans of Charles de Thierry, and this treaty was violated by Edward Gibbon Wakefield. Dissatisfaction with this treaty led to wars fought by the King Movement, and it was partly inspired by one side being ravaged in the Musket Wars. Instructions for this treaty were issued by Lord Normanby, and it was drafted in four days by James Busby and Lieutenant Governor William Hobson. However, the concepts of governorship, or kawanatanga, and chieftainship, or rangatiratanga, were poorly defined due to translation into the native language. For 10 points, name this treaty first signed on February 6, 1840 by Hono Heke and later by over forty other Maori chieftains, which allowed British annexation of New Zealand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd5282fb79f445c1ade4d3fd1382e762",
            "input": "A mountain range in this state begins at Cape Yakataga, and includes Mount Marcus Baker. In this state's southeast, the Inside Passage begins. Ash flow from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta in this state created the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, which is in its Katmai National Preserve. Much of this state's land is part of the so-called Unorganized Borough. A bridge connecting Gravina Island in this state's Alexander Archipelago to its city of Ketchikan was never built, and became nicknamed \"the bridge to nowhere.\" The golden king crab is native to this state's island of Kodiak. A historic dog race in this state ends at Nome after departing from Anchorage. For 10 points, name this state with capital Juneau.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-007501db0fd94adbbb203ccb8a0ad94f",
            "input": "It is asserted in this work that the law of God does not permit a better man to be harmed by a worse, and the true champion of justice must shun politics to survive. As proof of his character, the speaker points to distinguished military service at Potidaea and Amphipolis and recalls his refusal to fetch Leon for execution. He begins by claiming that his accusers lied when they implied he was a skillful speaker, unless by skillful they mean truthful, and while interrogating his accuser Meletus he points out that the heretical astronomical beliefs at issue really belong to Anaxagoras. For ten points name this Platonic dialogue in which Socrates unsuccessfully defended himself in the court of Athens against charges of atheism and corruption of the youth.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d6b42aa30544cf3865fb56a8211cecd",
            "input": "This painter depicted a saint fallen from a white horse with a spotted bridle in his version of The Conversion of St. Paul. portrayed a bearded man sporting a diagonal square hat in his Portrait of a Man, and created a fresco of Three Foolish Virgins Flanked by Adam and Eve. A saint covers his eyes while imagining a muscular Christ pulling a cross in his 1527 painting The Vision of Saint Jerome. He painted a man unfurling a scroll next to a single Doric column in a painting which features an elongated baby sitting in the lap of a woman with the title feature. For 10 points, name this Italian Mannerist painter of Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror and Madonna with the Long Neck.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef0af59e852f45aaa008adbae885f2bc",
            "input": "When this man visited Argentina, Severino Di Giovanni planned to bomb the train he was on. His namesake \"\"moratorium\"\" called for a one-year cessation of reparation payments by Germany. This man signed the act outlawing yellow dog contracts named for Norris and La Guardia. This man had Douglas MacArthur break up the Walter W. Waters-led Bonus Army. For 10 points, name this President whose time in office was marred by his poor response to Black Tuesday, which occurred at the start of the Great Depression.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00aab31d28c7425f9838cf69ea8c0800",
            "input": "In this novel, the protagonist is sent to consult with the psychiatrist Sanderson after sexually assaulting Nurse Duckett. Another character in this novel is promoted by an IBM machine with a sense of humor such that his rank is the same as his name. The title of this novel, set on the island of Pianosa, refers to the fact that anyone seeking to get out of a (*) mission must be sane, and thus fit to go out on another mission. For 10 points, Yossarian is the protagonist of what novel about a World War Two bombing squadron written by Joseph Heller",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f4e39e8060240b4b92af259ab3ca882",
            "input": "A tapestry depicting the history of this sect was conceived by Anne Wynn-Wilson. Members of this sect can request a clearness committee if they seek solutions to their concerns or problems. An early group of leaders of this sect was known as the Valiant Sixty, and included people like James Nayler and Margaret Fell. It is considered one of the peace churches because of its practice of peace testimony. Many regional groups within this sect issue Books of Discipline and are named for the Yearly Meetings which they organize. The founder of this sect advocated \"plain speaking,\" including the use of the pronoun \"thee.\" They believe that God is present in each person in the form of the inner light. For 10 points, name this sect founded by George Fox, officially known as the Society of Friends.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c5e8c36926e460da162a8df691648d0",
            "input": "This molecule functions as the substrate to adenylate cyclase enzymes, and this molecule is made up of a purine base attached to a pentose sugar. This molecule notably contains two high energy bonds, and glycolysis yields two of these molecules. Most active transporters derive their energy from these molecules. The bulk of the production of this molecule occurs when protons pass through its namesake \"synthase\" enzyme after the electron transport chain. For 10 points, name this molecule often called the \"molecular currency of the cell.\"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-056e52ca768c47fd92594a08bd629e29",
            "input": "This organ contains macrophages called Kupffer Cells, and it is also the primary site of gluconeogenesis. Prior to the bone marrow taking over, this organ creates red blood cells. Another function of this organ is the degradation of insulin, and it stores glycogen, along with secreting bile that is stored in the gallbladder. Alcohol leads to scarring in this organ, a condition known as cirrhosis. For 10 points, name this largest internal organ, responsible for detoxification and affected by hepatitis.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e3b395e00a84b358425ef54648897d0",
            "input": "Arabesque swastikas decorate the arch closest to the viewer in this painting. A sculpture of a man holding a sphere appears on another arch towards the rear of this work next to which can be seen glimpses of blue sky. Statues of Minerva and Apollo flank the central group of this painting, which includes depictions of(*) Zoroaster, Epicurus, and Avveros. This painting contains a depiction of Michelangelo resting his head on his arm, and another of Diogenes sprawled out on a set of stairs reading a scroll. Also depicting Plato and Aristotle, for 10 points, identify this fresco by Raphael.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-016f09f49dc6428f8c527ce1862a9406",
            "input": "If it were always true, fractional distillation would never work since all mixtures would be azeotropes. Instead, it usually only holds for dilute solutions of nonelectrolytes where the partial pressures are not too large. For ten points, name this law stating that the partial pressure of a component in a liquid mixture is proportional to its mole fraction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce98b8d33fa1402880b29b70c45851a5",
            "input": "This man described moon and lantern light provoking the splash of jumping fish in Overflowing. Two of his later poems respectively describe people coming helping him after he falls off his horse drunk and note its the greatest timber thats hardest to put to use. One of his early poems asserts that its better to have girls than boys because the latter are merely buried amid the grass. Many of his middle-period poems are devoted to his thatched hut, while many other works of this friend of Abbot Zan are lushi, like his two Poems on a Bend in the River and three Sighs of Autumn. For 10 points, name this author of Ballad of the Ancient Cypress and Song of the Wagons, a Confucian Tang poet.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bdc88153dda3433e9052e3e0b49c7ad8",
            "input": "This king unsuccessfully tried to make his bastard son Morgan the Bishop of Durham and appointed William Marshal as tutor for another son. An army led by this king's advisor Ranulf of Glanvill won the Battle of Alnwick, which led to the Treaty of Falaise with William the Lion. This man's foreign policy was greatly aided by the papal bull Laudabiliter issued by Adrian IV, which addressed Ireland. This initiator of the Assizes of Northampton also seized the Duchy of Northumbria from Malcom IV of Scotland. This contemporary of Louis VII of France became heir to the throne under the Treaty of Winchester, signed by his mother and the previous king, and a struggle over this king's Constitutions of Clarendon led to the death of Thomas a Becket. For ten points, name this successor of Stephen of Blois and first Plantagenet King of England, the father of Richard the Lion-Heart.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95dc888c7cc34bffa7fb1c236c0ca436",
            "input": "He warned a friend that \"man-woman is not woman-man\" in the poem \"On One Who Affected an Effeminate Manner. \"  He asked one of the title figures to let his \"iron spanker\" fall on \"broker and banker\" in \"What Thor Said to the Bard Before Dinner. \"  Auden greatly admired a poem he wrote about an \"Irish Legend\" of A.D. 700, \"The Voyage of Maeldune,\" though his more famous late poems include \"The Death of Oenone\" and \"Merlin and the Gleam. \"  He imagined falling to sleep to a poem by Chaucer in \"A Dream of Fair Women,\" while he wrote about a \"lordly pleasure-house\" built on a \"huge crag-platform\" which would house his soul in \"The Palace of Art. \"  More famously, he noted that \"After many a summer dies the swan\" in a poem about Tithonus. FTP, name this poet of \"The Lotos-Eaters\" and \"Crossing the Bar. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d1fa5cf06b54223bdb1fe0d3a3d0688",
            "input": "One gene which is commonly implicated in the early-onset form of this disease forms a complex with Nicastrin, Aph-I and Pen-2 called the Gamma Secretase complex. In addition to the PS1 and PS2 proteins, an aspartyl protease implicated in this disease called BACE. BACE, along with the similarly named TACE are potential drug targets for slowing the progression of this disease. Treatments for it include the NMDA receptor antagonist called memantine, and cholinesterase inhibitors. A 40-peptide fragment central to this disease has E22Q and E22G mutations called the Arctic and Dutch variants, and those fragments of the APP protein form plaques which accumulate in the cerebral cortex, along with fibrillary tangles of the Tau protein. Beta-amyloid plaques occur in, for 10 points, which neurodegenerative disease named for a German neurologist",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e2d28627116407dbc8c9e19a84007ad",
            "input": "The hair of the figure on the left is dotted with olive green leaves, while the hair of the figure on the right contains some white and green stars. The bottom of this canvas is a mass of green highlighted by purples, blues, reds, and golds that were supposed to represent a field of flowers. This transitions up to a series of colored rectangles that stud a gold mass. At the time it was completed, it was the foremost example of Art Nouveau in Vienna. FTP, name this painting by Gustav Klimt of two lovers in an embrace.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31323f88af7644b1ad8e838e6dd01103",
            "input": "One character in this work sings \"Io son disonorato\" as Ramfis and priests seize him for being a traitor. The title character sings \"Ritorna vincitor\" after her love leaves to battle her father King Amonasro, to whom she sings \"O patria mia.\" A ruler's son returns with captives during a triumphal march in this opera. This work ends with a double scene, at the top of which Amneris laments her condemned lover Radames who is imprisoned alive in a tomb at the bottom. For 10 points, name this Giuseppe Verdi opera about the title Ethiopian princess.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4005f3d291834308918c2b1a5141457b",
            "input": "The propensity of nitroso compounds to participate in a variant of this reaction has been used to synthesize oxazine derivatives. Another variant of this reaction yields 2,3-dihydro-4-pyridones and uses a compound named for Danishefsky. In addition to that 'aza' variation, this reaction is usually thermodynamically favorable since it sees the formation two sigma bonds from pi bonds. Under kinetic control, it preferentially yields an endo product, and one component must be in the s-cis conformation for the reaction to occur. For 10 points, name this cycloaddition reaction in which a diene reacts with a dienophile to produce a ring and is named after two German chemists.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-938a2f21bde140b2ab3184eddfb30b1c",
            "input": "In his earlier years, he was inspired by a visit to Alassio for his overture In the South, and he paid homage to a medieval historian in his Froissart Overture. Major successes included his Imperial March and a four-part work, whose first part, \"Land of Hope and Glory,\" would become his nation's unofficial second national anthem. Another major piece was a fourteen-part collection that depicted numerous friends of his, and contained such cryptically titled movements as \"C.A.E. \" and \"Nimrod. \"  FTP, name this British composer of the Enigma Variations and the Pomp and Circumstance marches.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc0a7d9b604840feb7b21119bcbc68ae",
            "input": "Urban renewal in this city has focused on the Docklands neighborhood. It is the location of La Trobe, Deakin and Monash universities and its downtown is centered on the pedestrian malls of Bourke and Swanston. Extending east to Point Nepean, it is the southernmost metro area of more than a million residents in the world and is found where the Yarra River enters Port Phillip Bay. For ten points, name this southeastern Australian city, the capital of Victoria and the second-largest city in the country after Sydney.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb75f0db13ac43cbb533edc605ee7230",
            "input": "The Banno Bir is an unauthorized version of this text, and a noted copy of it was lost during the 1762 \"Second Holocaust. \" The Dasam is a companion piece to this scripture, parts of which laud Kabir and other sections of which were written by Tegh Bahadur. Other sections are arranged according to their raga, and portions of this text include the Japji, or \"Recital\" and the opening Mul Mantra, which declares truth as the quintessential property of the Deity. Found in all gurdwaras, where it is ritually wrapped every night, it carries the authority of the head of the religion that reveres it. First compiled by Arjun, for 10 points, name this scripture that includes the writings of Guru Nanak, the holy book of the Sikhs.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32005102cad84eceb212b0ef92d75f60",
            "input": "In one of this mans works, Noorna, disguised as a crone, meets the barber Shibli just before he performs the title action, while the titular lowly boy meets and marries the upper class Rose Jocelyn in Evan Harrington. The speaker describes himself as the pilot of his own life after his wife cuckolds him in this authors best-known poem, Modern Love, but he is better known for a novel in which the prohibition of female encounters until the protagonist turns 25 leads to a young mans travails, The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. FTP name this author, also known for a novel in which the title characters relationship with Laetitia Dale reveals the harm of his excessive pride, The Egoist.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a1923beeea7f43428cc49450a50be337",
            "input": "Although not the lungs, antibodies target a structure in these organs in Goodpasture's syndrome. They detect decreased oxygen levels and release erythropoietin, stimulating erythrocyte generation. Their failure is characterized by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, as well as increased createnine serum levels. This organ responds to vasopressin which increases fluid retention. It filters blood through nephrons, and dialysis performs this organ's function. The adrenal glands are located above, For 10 Points, what structures connected to the bladder by the ureter.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c893a588d3854f27b8ddec81c9fe9b86",
            "input": "One of this composer's operas includes the song \"Libiamo ne' lieti calici\" [kah-LEE-chee], a duet sung   by Alfredo Germont and the woman he loves. That woman, who later sings \"Addio, del passato\", is  Violetta Valery. Another work by this composer, in which Abigaille becomes queen, features the song  \"Va, pensiero\", which is sometimes called \"Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves.\" In another opera by this  composer, Amneris tells the man she loves to confess to treason. That man, Radames [rah-dah-mayss],  has in turn fallen in love with the title character, an Ethiopian princess. Name this composer of  Nabucco, La traviata, and Aida.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2551f855c39e49179a2eb4a476cf2868",
            "input": "This composer commented that he wanted to use the title \"Divertissement\" for a concerto because he thinks that concertos are \"written not 'for' but 'against' the piano.\" That piece's \"Allegramente\" movement features a \"blues\" theme and opens with a whip crack. This composer wrote a piano work that begins with the cellos and double basses playing the background for an unusual contrabassoon solo. He uses a G-sharp arpeggio to depict ascending waves in the section \" A Boat on the Ocean\" of a piano work whose other parts include \"The Valley of Bells\" and \"Night-Moths.\" This composer of Piano Concerto in G uses a recurring B-flat ostinato to represent tolling bells surrounding the corpse of a hanged man in a section called \"Le Gibet.\" This composer of Miroirs was commissioned by Paul Wittgenstein to write a piano concerto for the left hand, and he depicted an evil dwarf in a section titled \"Scarbo\" designed to be more difficult than Islamey. FTP, name this composer of Gaspard de la nuit who also wrote a \"\"Pavane for a dead princess. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-775e48c7118141659f1e643ed247a0d8",
            "input": "One character in this work describes her mother having to distinguish between her husband, \"My Jim\", and her houseboy, \"Our Jim\". It also repeatedly makes reference to a pair of pink glass teacups owned by the protagonists. One of those protagonists is shocked by a photo in a Life magazine coffee table book of her friend Lydia holding her books and later drowns the newborn kittens that Nyiko and Gina were playing with. Its title character takes a bakkie without permission, allowing his friend Daniel to drive it. Another character builds a water-tank for the central village and shoots two warthogs with a shotgun. This novel ends with Bam's husband Maureen running for a helicopter. For 10 points, name this work titled for the Smales family's ex-servant, a 1981 novel by Nadine Gordimer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f293dd220088433595a5289e37d117b7",
            "input": "While arranging an orchestral suite for organ, this man added a new movement entitled Ecstasies of a soul before the glory of Christ, which is its own glory. That movement was added to his Ascension, and this man later published a book entitled Technique of my Musical Language. This man wrote Twenty Gazes on the Infant Jesus for his student and wife Yvonne Loriod. This composer spent a lot of time notating and cataloguing birdsong, which he used in his own compositions, and this man composed the movement Music for the Blood of the Stars as part of his ten-movement symphony. This mans best known work was composed for violin, cello, piano, and clarinet, which were the four instruments available in his prison camp. For ten points, identify this composer of the Turangalila Symphony and the Quartet for the End of Time.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aea4e3f756434998be244047ed770ac8",
            "input": "Cleanth Brooks discusses how this poet renews a \"stale metaphor\" with a poem's final lines, \"Dear God! the very houses seem asleep; and all that mighty heart is lying still.\" One of his poems describes a girl who \"seemed a thing that could not feel / the touch of earthly years\" while another poem claims, \"getting and spending we lay waste to our powers.\" This poet of \"Composed upon Westminster Bridge\" created a speaker who hopes to \"hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn\" in his sonnet \"The World is Too Much With Us.\" This poet claims his mind \"shall be a mansion for all lovely forms\" after reminiscing about his sister Dorothy and the River Wye. For 10 points, name this Romantic poet who wrote \"Tintern Abbey.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3865898d301e4a73ae62066c23026a6a",
            "input": "Nicolas Chedeville impersonated this composer in his \"The Faithful Shepherd\" after making an agreement with Jean-Noel Marchand. He utilized the ritornello form in several works from a collection of 12 string concerti that pioneered that genre. A pastoral dance in Allegro ends another of his concerti, whose first movement's depiction of birds is cut short by a trill representing a storm. This composer of L'estro armonico is best known for a set of four works included in The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this Italian composer nicknamed \"the Red Priest,\" whose \"La primavera,\" or \"Spring,\" is part of The Four Seasons.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93899616235e411198e08831a8388a3a",
            "input": "This author wrote \"I am an old man now, and a lonesome man in Kansas\" in his poem \"Wichita Vortex Sutra.\" Another of his poems asks \"Which way does your beard point tonight\" That poem, \"A Supermarket in California,\" was published along with a poem that repeats the line \"I'm with you in Rockland\" and is addressed to Carl Solomon. The line \"I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness\" begins the best known work of, for 10 points, what American poet who wrote \"Howl\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7156ddc71e1148e796a394565147a534",
            "input": "This man's most prominent theory was described in his Little Commentary. He appended a disclaimer that his claims were not literally true, but merely provided a simpler way to perform astronomical calculations. This scientist wrote On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres. For 10 points, identify this Polish astronomer best known for his heliocentric theory.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19fa6deab220462287ca10a21c124d3e",
            "input": "This man labeled marriage as something that \"must sooner or later come to pass,\" and had his teacher, the Earl of Bute, provide him with a list of eligible princesses before finally marrying Charlotte Sophia. Unable to form long-term alliances with such ministers as the Earl of Newcastle and George Grenville, he finally found a fruitful relationship with a man whom he would ultimately break with regarding the idea of Catholic emancipation to preserve unity with Ireland. Besides William Pitt the Younger, this man's ministers also included Lord North, who was forced out of office by a vote of no confidence after the battle of Yorktown. For 10 points, identify this British monarch, noted for his violent mental breakdown late in his life and for reigning during the American Revolution.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8d8da180b93b40bf9ac7b616e2137266",
            "input": "One leader of this town wrote a letter that became known as his \"Rude Answer,\" leading to the sending and eventual wreck of the Sea Venture. A violent protest against Governor William Berkeley caused this town to be burned to the ground during Bacon's Rebellion. While it was directed by George Percy, many inhabitants of this town died during its \"Starving Time,\" due to their dependence upon trade with the Powhatan. For 10 points, John Rolfe and John Smith led what Virginia town, the first permanent English settlement in the United States",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69ade98f06c3421b9fece6f6e143479a",
            "input": "In the beginning of this novel, people in an auditorium listen to the wild music of Scriabin as an example of primitive irrationality. Set in an indeterminate future after the Two Hundred Years War, this novel also describes a riot caused by thousands of people casting dissenting votes during the Day of Unanimity. Its protagonist, a mathematician in charge of building the spaceship Integral, writes For Reason must prevail after he undergoes a forced operation to remove his imagination, which causes him to betray his revolutionary friends to the Benefactor. Written as the diary of D-503, one of the many Numbers that make up the One State, FTP, identify this dystopian novel by Yevgeny Zamiatin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba6d51c347a4460eb021ec3eb44dea22",
            "input": "De Bruijn invented an alternative syntax for use in this system, and Sinot created director strings in order to find the complexity cost of beta reduction in this system. Rosser and one formulator of this system found a paradox proving the untyped version of this system to be inconsistent as a basis for logic, while Rosser and the other creator of this system showed that this system possesses confluence. The funarg problem can arise when implementing this system in stack-based languages, since such an implementation requires treating functions as first-class objects. Containing \"abstractions\" and \"applications,\" this system was shown to be Turing-complete. Implemented in functional programming languages such as Haskell and Lisp, for 10 points, name this formal system for representing functions, developed by Stephen Kleene and Alonzo Church and named for a Greek symbol.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51bbf70f6c6f4fb6b5012873f0f41ddd",
            "input": "This city's winning mayoral candidate in 1927 courted the Irish vote by boasting that, if given the chance, he'd punch King George V in the face. One mayor in this city was opposed by the Vrdolyak 29 [vruh-DOH-lee-ack \"29\"] in the Council Wars after 81% of this city's whites and 3% of its blacks voted for Bernard Epton, who would have been its first Republican mayor since 1931. Its final Republican mayor, who defeated William Dever in 1927 and controlled a faction opposed by the candidates supported by U.S. senator Charles Deneen in the violent \"Pineapple Primary\" of 1928, was the massively corrupt \"Big Bill\" Thompson. Another mayor of this city, whose tenure was chronicled in local columnist Mike Royko's book Boss, called Connecticut senator Abe Ribicoff a \"Jew son of a bitch\" for denouncing the \"Gestapo tactics\" used during the 1968 Democratic National Convention. For 10 points, name this city once led by mayor Richard J. Daley.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc2a51d43d8a468381bbf42a4ee34eb3",
            "input": "This author, who was contrasted with Samuel Beckett in Ihab Hassan's The Literature of Silence, discussed his decision to drop out of college rather than read The Faerie Queene in his Stand Still Like the Hummingbird. In one of his novels, the narrator sees a universe in a cabbage leaf and works at the Cosmodemonic Telegraph Company. He also wrote about a man who pockets Fillmore's money and decides not to return to Mona in New York. That character is based on this author's actual time sponging off Alfred Perls and diarist Anas Nin in Paris. FTP, name this creator of the \"Land of Fuck,\" the author of Black Spring, The Air-Conditioned Nightmare, the Rosy Crucifixion trilogy, and two books which ran afoul of U.S. obscenity laws, Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4540ebc6e4854dda999da5e08b5dfa87",
            "input": "This man's sacred works include the motet In convertendo, while his instrumental works consist primarily of two sets of \"pieces for harpsichord,\" as well as the individual harpsichord pieces Les petits marteaux and La Dauphine. One opera-ballet by this composer consists of a prologue and four acts, which include The Incas of Peru and The Savages of America, all with different characters. Along with The Gallant Indies, he wrote about celebrations of Hebe, Ramiro, and Polyhymnia, and an Hommage to this man was included in Debussys first book of Images. In one of his operas, the aria \"Tristes apprets\" is sung by Telaira on the death of one of the title brothers, while his first and most famous opera, which features the aria \"Quelle plainte en ces lieux m'appelle,\" ends with the reuniting of the title characters after one had been swallowed up by flames. For 10 points, name this opponent of Lully, a French Baroque composer most famous for Castor et Pollux and Hyppolyte et Aricie.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cff4651725bb4ff6979bff06b9dc0cf3",
            "input": "In the far background of this painting, one can see the sky through an arch, and across the bottom of this painting, a series of dark yellow panels are interspersed with painted marble statues. The author can be seen near the lower right side of this painting, where he is conversing with three men, one of whom holds a globe and another of whom holds a blue ball. Another scene in this painting shows a man writing on a marble stool, and near the artist, a red robed man is demonstrating the use of a compass for an admiring crowd. Diogenes of Sinope sits alone on the stairs in the middle of this painting. For ten points, identify this Raphael Sanzio painting, which notably depicts Plato and Aristotle conversing in its center.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c203c25ef2ab4f5d837c4be035cf1b7d",
            "input": "This man's opponents formed the Lichfield House Compact in order to consolidate their power, and his government ordered that factories be cleaned every fourteenth month and that women and children couldn't work more than 12 hours a day in the Factory Act. An insane lumberjack killed this man's personal secretary in an assassination attempt; that assassin was Daniel McNaughton. This man refused to replace Lord Melbourne in an incident in which he asked for the Queen's personal attendants to be replaced, the Bedchamber Crisis. He outlined his party's political philosophy in the Tamworth Manifesto, but his most famous action was in response to the Irish Potato Famine. An ardent opponent of Daniel O'Connell and Catholic emancipation, for 10 points, name this Prime Minister of Britain who repealed the Corn Laws.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a13d304debd64769999054b4a640b032",
            "input": "Like Rachmaninoff, he used the twenty-fourth caprice for his Variations on a Theme of Paganini. He used the drinking song \"\"Gaudeamus Igitur\"\" (GOW-day-ey-mus EE-gih-tour) as the basis for a work written upon receiving an honorary degree from Breslau, his Academic Festival Overture. This longtime friend of Clara Schumann composed a German Requiem seven years before premiering a symphony nicknamed \"\"Beethoven's Tenth. \"\" For 10 points, name this German composer, who also wrote a notable lullaby.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0301ceb6c7da4981a08cf8ef9b5483b4",
            "input": "A leader of this country is shown proclaiming its independence in the painting Independence or Death. A composer from this country created a musical portrait of pianist Arthur Rubinstein entitled Rudepoema. Roberto Burle Marx helped design a city in this country which contains the Plaza of the Three Powers and the Monumental Axis. A style of music from this country was popularized in the U.S. by the 1964 album (*) Getz/Gilberto, which included the tracks \"Corcovado\" and \"The Girl from Ipanema\". Its airplane-shaped capital city was designed by Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer, while native pianist Antonio Carlos Jobim (zho-BEEM) pioneered its bossa nova music. For 10 points, name this South American country, the home of the samba.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-afc2cb80959241148ca7ed6ceb19ec86",
            "input": "In addition to his achievements in Congress, this politician gained renown for his public addresses, notably the Bunker Hill oration and his speech on the deaths of Jefferson and Adams. He served as Secretary of State for a second time from 1850-52 after having alienated the antislavery movement with his eloquent support for the Compromise of 1850. Earlier, he had emerged as a champion of the federal government in his famous series of 1830 debates with Robert Hayne, and won acclaim as a lawyer for his arguments in the cases Dartmouth v. Woodward and McCulloch v. Maryland. FTP, who was this Massachusetts senator perhaps best known for his 1843 treaty with Ashburton",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-691fa62b1a8c4530abdc1732262fe806",
            "input": "This quantity is plotted on the y axis against entropy in a Mollier diagram. The heat capacity at constant pressure is given by the derivative of this quantity with respect to temperature, and this quantity appears in the numerator divided by RT across from the derivative of the log of pressure with respect to temperature in the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Joule-Thomson cooling occurs at a constant value of this quantity, which can be written as the derivative of the log of the partition function with respect to the inverse temperature. For ten points, identify this quantity which is used to calculate heat transfer, often across phases, and is defined as the internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46b790417b2149d8815ed9cef1fe3363",
            "input": "In one of this philosophers works, he advocates a Galilean cosmology, and in the same work, he wrote about the study of light refraction in Dioptrics. One thing named for this philosopher consists of the admonitions to admit as true only what was so perfectly clear and distinct that it was indubitable, and to make such accurate enumerations of the steps of reasoning so as to be certain of having omitted nothing, known as his method of doubt, and which can be found in Meditations on First Philosophy. For ten points, identify this philosopher, whose best known for his work Discourse on Method and the statement of existence Cogito ergo sum.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-df0adf8d5efd41398be4074e965ca9d5",
            "input": "This civilization believed that humans had two souls, one of which returned to its place of origin after death. One deity of these people changed herself and her son into rocks after she was impregnated by a fruit made of sperm. These people were allegedly founded when four brothers and four sisters came out of the Tavern of Dawn. They believed that the world was created when a god sometimes known as Con-Tiki emerged from Lake Collasuya. These people also believed that their second ruler, Sinchi Roca, was son of a deity, who taught the art of spinning to mankind. That deity, Mama Ocllo, was the daughter of a sun deity, who was worshipped in the festival Raymi, Inti. For ten points, name this civilization, which worshiped deities like Illyapa and Viracocha, and was centered at Cuzco.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe730f1a9505432886cdbc1bf21f0d20",
            "input": "These events occur because of PGO spikes and facilitate \"reverse learning\" according to a model of Crick and Mitchison. Hobson and McCarley stated that these events attempt to make sense of random activity in their formulation of the activation-synthesis theory. The symbolic meanings of these occurrences are called latent content and are covered up by the manifest content. One psychologist argued that these experiences satisfy the otherwise unacceptable feelings of the unconscious in his wish-fulfillment theory. For 10 points, name these events which are the subject of an \"interpretation\" in a book by Sigmund Freud and occur most vividly during REM sleep.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8173c05fe5c34658a4ef34af4b737348",
            "input": "One work by this man details the terminal illness of a man who injures himself while hanging curtains, and is called The Death of Ivan Ilyich. In addition to writing a novella whose protagonist kills his wife after she performs the title musical piece with her lover, The Kreutzer Sonata, this author wrote a novel whose protagonist has a relationship with Count Vronsky before killing herself by jumping in front of a train. For 10 points, name this author of Anna Karenina and War and Peace.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3254e140a33f44fc91c5f60b57e5123d",
            "input": "The winning commander of this battle initially charged with a unit of Agrianians, and the losing side of this battle resorted to looting instead of rescuing Sisygambis. During this battle, the winning commander broke left to aid Parmenion, who was outnumbered by a unit under Mazaeus. Following this battle, all of the losers war elephants were captured, and the Bactrian cavalry caught up to the fleeing commander of the losing side, who was murdered by the general Bessus. Sometimes called the Battle of Arbela, it followed the siege of Tyre and preceded the Battle of the Hydaspes River. For 10 points, identify this 331 B.C. battle which saw the defeat of the Persian Empire under Darius III by Alexander the Great.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6dcf1a9224d4243949825c3651e94e6",
            "input": "This man's military was first led by Saint Arnaud, and his advisors included the dukes of Persigny and Morny. He was satirized in a work plagiarized to form The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Maurice Joly's Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu. His rule saw a boom in railway construction and the implementation of Baron Haussmann's plan to renovate the streets of Paris. He assisted Victor Emmanuel II against Franz Joseph at Solferino and he was able to briefly annex Mexico under Maximilian, but he was defeated and captured by Moltke at Sedan, ending the Franco-Prussian War. For 10 points, name this French emperor, the nephew of his namesake.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e498e2955a0847b0b20f02050feec9af",
            "input": "This composer's first piano trio is in B major and opens with solo piano playing the first subject on top of a rippling quaver accompaniment. One overture by this composer features a student drinking song introduced by the bassoons, while this composer's Double Concerto for Violin and Cello was not appreciated by his mistress, the wife of another composer. This composer is known for a set of 21 tunes originally written for piano for four-hands. For ten points, name this German composer of the Academic Festival Overture and the Hungarian Dances.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19ca06224abb48b28f25221f8a07ac5f",
            "input": "Important arias in this opera include Hat man nicht auch Gold beineben and Gott! welch Dunkel hier! In a side plot, Jacquino is rejected by Marzelline, who loves the title character. Marzelline's father, Rocco, is the jailer and the only one allowed in the lower dungeon levels according to Don Pizarro. Don Fernando arrives at the end to free the character Florestan from prison upon learning that it is Leonore dressed as the title character. FTP, identify this only opera by Beethoven.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-897a690583354b04b143be282059f35d",
            "input": "One composer from this country composed the Peacock Variations and Dances of Galanta, and another composer from this nation composed Atmosphres and Lux Aeterna, two pieces included in 2001: A Space Odyssey. The former of those composers based an orchestral suite on his opera about a hussar who defeats Napoleon, Hry Jnos. One composer from this country wrote a Concerto for Orchestra and Mikrokosmos, and Brahms composed a set of tunes based on dances from this nation. The primary Romantic composer from this country wrote the Transcendental Etudes and Rhapsodies from here. For 10 points, name this country, home of Bla Bartk and Franz Liszt.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5039818e00f4c98a13d3b4ef9e7894d",
            "input": "Pausanias claims that one member of this profession, an Euboean son of Crius,  is the source of an alternative tradition for the name of Pythos. In the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Demeter pretends to be Dosos, a person wronged by people in this profession. According to Apollodorus, a mistaken belief that Catreus was one of these people led his son Althaemenes to unknowingly slay him. Its not swineherding, but Eumaeus was in Sidon when these people took him to (*) Ithaca. One person demanded the right to sing one last song from some of these people and ended up being rescued from them by the dolphins that he attracted; that man was Arion. Dionysus turned some Tyrrhenian people in this profession into dolphins after using vines to fill up their boat. For 10 points, name these people who often appear in children's stories making their captives walk the plank.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7f1e983b8a6474e9fb7903202eb8c08",
            "input": "Rick Strassman theorizes that this body may produce a compound he suggests causes near-death experiences and alien abduction hallucinations, the \"Spirit Molecule\" DMT. It is located behind the stria medullaris and dorsal to the superior colliculus. Early vertebrates sometimes had a foreamen corresponding with this body, and in reptiles it is often known as the \"third eye. \" In humans, this body produces melatonin and regulates circadian rhythms and was the last of the endocrine glands to be determined. FTP, name this pea-sized gland located in the geometric center of the brain.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c12b1fc773cc4106b087f121186af066",
            "input": "Virgil describes a priestess of this goddess named Chloreus who helped drive the Latins out of Rome, and the reception of an image of this figure was celebrated at the Megalensian festival. Zeus could not rape this figure directly and so let his semen fall on her while she was in the form of the Agdos rock. Marsyas was a follower of this figure, whose most famous action was commemorated by the (*) Hilaria in Roman times. Her cult was run by eunuch priests called Corybantes. Her son and consort castrated himself and died after provoking her jealousy, but she resurrected him. According to one legend, this mother of Attis turned Hippomenes and Atalanta into lions for making love in one of her temples. Later assimilated with Rhea, for ten points, name this Phrygian Earth Mother goddess.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-261ceef9317e43eb8b0e833994d16f66",
            "input": "The first step of this process involves a condensation step called leptotene. A failure of one stage of this process is known as (*) non-disjunction and results in diseases like Turner or Klinefelter Syndrome. The end of its first step involves an exchange of material called crossing over. Those conditions occur when chromosomes fail to properly separate during this process which involves the division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells. For 10 points, name this process of cell division in which the resulting daughter cell has half the number of chromosomes unlike mitosis.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-308e828be1bf4a39b129b764ad422f4e",
            "input": "One of the names of this countrys largest lakes literally translates as Booze Vat and is a stunning green color. Its Central Highlands region is home to the Hals topography and such cities as Borgarnes. Its only native tree is the Betula pubsescens birch, which is being deforested because of topsoil erosion. This countrys north is home to Dettifoss, the largest waterfall by volume in Europe, and Akureryi is the country's largest city outside the capital metropolitan area. This countrys island of Surtsey emerged from the ocean in the 1960s. Vatnajkull covers 8% of the country, and has been the scene of Jkulhlaup, spectacular glacial eruptions and floods. For 10 points, name this North Atlantic island nation, home to Bjrk and unpronounceable place names.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d12743896874ff9a126be0de2d2c658",
            "input": "In this book, a woman gives birth to two boys, one who \"came out red all over like a hairy garment\" and another who grasped the first one by the heel. This occurs after the mother is told that \"two nations are in thy womb.\" This book is the first to mention Shem, Japheth, and Ham, the sons of a man who is brought an olive branch by a dove. The first verse of this book's first chapter states that \"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth\" before describing Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. For 10 points, name this first book of the Old Testament.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e29ffb31bea414c9aed84e93d2958ca",
            "input": "At increasing depths, their structure is expected to follow what has been dubbed the \"pasta-antipasta sequence,\" as particles group first into meatball-like clumps, then spaghetti-like strands, then lasagna-like sheets. Their atmosphere is approximately one meter thick, below which is a predominantly iron crust. Anomalies in their rotation speeds are called glitches and are thought to be caused by starquakes. Their existence, first predicted by Zwicky, had strong existence provided by the discovery of the first pulsar in by Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish. Predicted to form when a star's core mass exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit, but is less than about three solar masses, FTP name these rapidly spinning remains of supergiants.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8c0b69449dfc43daa0267ecaf1bedd4b",
            "input": "Ellis Davidson proposed that this character was in league with the Vanir because he also \"knew the future well. \"  A Norse kenning for \"head\" is \"sword of [this man],\" and a kenning for \"sword\" is \"head of [this man]. \"  His own sword was Hofund, and he has three nicknames that mean \"Bent Stick,\" \"Wind Shelter,\" and \"Golden-Toothed. \"  The nine daughters of Aegir may have been the nine mothers of this character, who fathered the progenitors of mankind and allegedly could hear grass grow. For 10 points, name this \"white god,\" a member of the Aesir who will sound the Gjallerhorn at Ragnarok, and who guards the Bifrost bridge.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cbe371d66294e968b3cc0c852b00e78",
            "input": "The membrane of this structure features a channel composed of Tom40 proteins, and amphipathic N-terminal signal sequences direct proteins to this structure. A missing protein in this structure is the cause of Friedreich's ataxia, and altered signaling pathways in this structure are the cause of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Like the nucleus, it is surrounded by a double membrane, and this organelle has numerous invaginations called cristae. Home to the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain, this organelle has its own DNA. FTP name this organelle that produces the energy molecule ATP.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dca27445787c40cea9ee23966a640938",
            "input": "Despite having knowledge of the exact start time of this event, 5 AM on July 19, a police chief decided to lie about it rather than distribute arms. Felix Morrow wrote the first American study of one part of it, and Hugh Thomas and Philip Knightly argued against George Steers interpretation of another part of it. A group led by Robert Merriman first saw action at the Jarama Valley in this war, that Abraham Lincoln Brigade was one of several International Brigades organized by Comintern to fight the Falange. For 10 points, name this 1936-1939 war in which the Popular Front government was overthrown by Franco, which included the bombing of Guernica.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb535e97014d453ebdf25fbe6c259efc",
            "input": "This poet described exchanging \"polite meaningless words\" with soldiers, and he notes that \"whenever green is worn, a terrible beauty is born\". The speaker of one of his poems believes not in \"singing school but studying Monuments of its own magnificence,\" concluding that there is \"no country for old men\". This author of \"Easter, 1916\" invoked the \"mere anarchy\" soon to be \"loosed upon the world\" in a poem about a \"rough beast\" emerging from Spiritus Mundi, \"slouch[ing] towards Bethlehem to be born\". For 10 points, name this Anglo-Irish poet of \"Sailing to Byzantium\" and \"The Second Coming\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54f87d2e8f8f4e08b7550d3396445866",
            "input": "This nation's Bay of Plenty is the home of a sphenodont (SFEE-noh-dahnt) reptile called the tuatara. Its regions include Otago and Canterbury, whose chief city, Christchurch, was the site of a 2011 earthquake. The Cook Strait, which divides its North and South Islands, is the site of its capital, Wellington. For 10 points, the Maori people are the native inhabitants of what Pacific island nation east of Australia",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b438784cc7ec4b8a916d1983b24f30aa",
            "input": "At low temperatures, Debye's model accounts for phonon contribution to this quantity. This quantity at constant pressure minus it at constant volume is the number of moles of gas times the gas constant. The Dulong-Petit law states that this quantity for metals is three times the(*) gas constant over molar mass. This quantity can be written as heat divided by mass times temperature change, and for water, its value is one calorie, or 4.184 Joules per gram degree Celsius. For 10 points, name this property, the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram by one degree.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69f9f01b677d4d48b8f86c9d3ad9db10",
            "input": "The theory that this phenomenon is a function of social structures is known as strain theory. James Q. Wilson and George Kelling theorized that it can be prevented by decreasing urban disorder, the so-called \"\"broken windows\"\" theory. Cesare Beccaria (say-ZAR-ay beck-CAR-ee-ah) and Jeremy Bentham advocated (*) punishment as a deterrent for it, but discouraged the death penalty. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which laws are broken.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd9e12e8ece24ce7a001ec23fe15c028",
            "input": "One character in this work passes out from heatstroke after crying at a funeral, and he had earlier fallen behind the procession because he didn't want to work up a sweat and catch a chill later. In addition to Thomas Perez, another character in this work stares at a robotic-looking woman while eating at Celeste's, and later helps Raymond Sintes to write a letter when he suspects infidelity by his Moorish mistress. That character later attacks a priest after being imprisoned for his heat-induced shooting of an Arab while walking along a beach. For 10 pointsname this work which begins with the funeral of Maman and ends with the public execution of Meursault, a novel by Albert Camus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8dae594613a347db89555b8003d06277",
            "input": "This figures offspring are said to include a goddess of ghosts, Melinoe, as well as a goddess of afterlife, Macaria. This figure was responsible for the transformation of Minthe into a mint plant, and Plutarch and a scholiast on Pindar claim that this figure was a parent of the god Zagreus, who was often identified with Dionysus. Ovid recounts that the nymph Cyane floated this figures girdle to the top of her spring to prove her existence, and a son of Acheron was responsible for condemning her, and was changed into a screech owl, the creature Ascalaphus. This lover of Adonis was snatched by her husband while picking flowers with some Oceanids, and was forced to stay in her husbands abode after eating four, seven, or eight seeds. For ten points, name this goddess who was allowed to return to her distraught mother for eight months out of every year, a daughter of Zeus and Demeter.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c869d9faefb41f3962687ea1c520e94",
            "input": "This novel's opening contains a musing on the fact that people establish a cemetery and a prison as the first two buildings when they build a new colony. In one scene from this novel, a meteor streaming across the sky is interpreted to have a differing meaning by the townsfolk and by a group of three people who see it from atop a scaffold. This novel's main character is unable to stand in the sun while in the forest with her daughter, Pearl. This is, allegorically, because of her affair with Arthur Dimmesdale. For 10 points, name this Nathaniel Hawthorne novel in which Hester Prynne wears the titular badge to signify her adultery.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f3d9bf76c8c4f79a09e001770548371",
            "input": "This god briefly regained life after his wife transformed into a kite to wave air into him. During the Middle Kingdom the god Ptah became assimilated with this god, and this god's son is typically depicted with the head of a falcon. Along with his brother the god of chaos this god was one of two sons of Geb and Nut and this god was also the father of Horus and husband of Isis. This god was killed by his brother Seth, who chopped up his body into many pieces. For 10 points, name this Egyptian god of the underworld.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d61fed8dcdcc477db26ffae80e5b4fa2",
            "input": "The pianist Vladislas Perlemuter was such a big fan of this composer that Perlemuter performed all of his works in a two-day concert in 1929 and wrote the study named after this man \"according to\" himself in 1953. A scandal caused by this man's rejection by the Prix de Rome committee led to Romain Rolland pressuring Theodore Dubois to yield his seat on the jury to Gabriel Faure. Rudolf Escher wrote a chamber piece about this mans tomb, perhaps a nod to this composers own patriotic piece The Tomb of Couperin. His small quantity of operatic work includes The Spanish Hour and The Child and the Enchantments; perhaps his best-known work is a ballet originally written for Ida Rubenstein, which consists of a steady crescendo. For 10 points, name this French composer of Pavane for a Dead Princess and the repetitive Bolero.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1dda8e840a0c461fb3872170b7c3f78e",
            "input": "This country's capital has an artistic district called the 798 Art Zone and an opera house which models a drop of water and is sometimes called \"The Giant Egg.\" One artist from this country created an exhibit in which millions of sunflower seeds fill up an empty space. A radio tower in this country sits across from a district named the Bund and is recognizable for two large spheres wrapping around its central columns. A bowl-shaped stadium in this country was designed by Herzog & de Meuron and features a visible steel frame supporting a retractable roof. For 10 points, name this Asian country whose capital features a stadium called the Bird's Nest, built for the 2008 Olympics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d8ac0a3cc0c4ef9997f2adbcf2983ae",
            "input": "The Landau-Lifschitz-Bloch Equation models this phenomenon's onset. It develops in stepwise fashion via the Barkhausen Effect and leads to Ising-like behavior at low temperatures. Materials exhibiting this property display magnetostriction, leading to the low vibration of gadolinium metals under high applied fields. Appearing below the Curie Temperature, FTP, what is this type of magnetism in which net magnetic moments line up so that magnetization persists after the removal of the applied field, named for the fact that iron exhibits it",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c58c53a81dc849998f25242f27724f2f",
            "input": "The stretch rule states that this quantity does not change when an object is distorted along its axis of rotation. The tensor for this quantity is symmetric, and is diagonal in some orientation, defining an object's principal axes. If this value is given for one axis of rotation it can be found for certain others using the (*) parallel axis theorem. It is calculated by summing or integrating mass times distance from an axis squared, and rotational kinetic energy is equal to this quantity times the square of the angular velocity. For 10 points, identify this quantity, the rotational analog of mass, which often has units of kilograms times meters squared, symbolized I.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-514df4889b574ebc8389168c71202882",
            "input": "One description of the court of this leader is a History written in Greek by Priscus of Panium. A policy of appeasement was unsuccessfully used by Theodosius II to try and stop this ruler from invading his empire. This man fought a battle against forces under Theodoric I and Aetius on the Catalaunian Plains. This loser of the Battle of Chalons became sole ruler of his people after he arranged the murder of his brother Bleda. For 10 points, name this ruler who gained the title \"\"Scourge of God\"\" for his invasions into the Roman Empire while leader of the Huns.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8452de26fd724085bddf2bdfa2e4f91f",
            "input": "he father of this opera's title character hides behind a rock to discover the location of an army. Earlier in this work, that character claims he is only an officer and that his true identity is dead. Its \"Grand March\" is set to a procession featuring elephants. The main character of this work sings (*) \"O Patria Mia\" while waiting for a lover whom Ramfis later condemns and Amneris secretly loves. Radames is eventually sentenced to death by the Pharoah's priests after he falls in love with the title character of this opera, who dies with him in a vault. For ten points, name this opera set in Egypt about an Ethiopian princess, written by Giuseppe Verdi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4877148b92e24bf88eb4f0afedcbc1aa",
            "input": "The ISIS and SNS facilities produce these particles using spallation, and a nonzero electric dipole moment would imply the violation of CPT theorem. Certain objects composed of these particles obey the Tolman-Oppeheimer-Volkov limit, whose antiparticle having a mass of 940 MeV was discovered by Bruce Cork. When free, this particle has a lifetime of about 15 minutes and decays into an antineutrino, an electron and a proton, and it is a baryon made up of two down quarks and one up quark. Discovered by James Chadwick, for 10 points, identify this neutral subatomic particle.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6fe6ca047852440499cb9c4dc5c94a1d",
            "input": "A chaotically-driven version of this phenomenon can be described using the Julia set and that version's trajectories follow Laputa chains. This phenomenon is represented in the kinetic term of the Hamiltonian of the Hubbard model, and a particular type of this phenomenon in semiconductors is described by the Fowler-Nordheim equation. This process is responsible for the occurrence of the proton-proton chain at lower temperatures than predicted, and it's the subject of the Hartman effect, which shows that its probability is width-independent. Also the basis of operation for the Esaki diode and applied to alpha decay by Gamow, this phenomenon is derived by considering evanescent wave coupling, or a decaying exponential solution for the Schrodinger equation. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a particle escapes from a potential well higher than its kinetic energy.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-434278d9446d4184bb2daf8f2c67520b",
            "input": "This author states that the title figures muse on dromedary trots in the short On Donnes Poetry. He considers a Lute, / Placed length-ways in the clasping casement in a poem to Sara Fricker, whom he married after the failure of his plans with Robert Southey to establish a Pantisocracy. In addition to The Eolian Harp, he wrote a poem in which he dismisses the viper thoughts, that coil around my mind, and another in which the title character stops one of three wedding guests and tells him about shooting an albatross, and he collaborated with William Wordworth on Lyrical Ballads. FTP, name this poet of Dejection: An Ode and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c612fc88bf2149c39eb82daf6edf30d4",
            "input": "A contributor to the magazine G, this man served as director of the Werkbund-sponsored Weissenhof project in the 1920s and 30s, producing the Weissenhof Apartment Complex in Stuttgart in 1927. Architect of the New National Gallery in Berlin and the Tugendhat House in Brno, he was famous for his dictum \"Less is more\". One-time director of the Bauhaus, he also produced the Farnsworth House in Plano, Illinois and the Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago. FTP, identify this architect perhaps most famous for collaborating with Philip Johnson on New York's Seagram Building.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0193dbcdec4c4357946a2af30e5a84fe",
            "input": "This structure is associated with a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A known as Fabry's disease. The lack of the gene FMR1 on this structure can lead to mental retardation, a syndrome in which this structure is \"fragile.\" In a process known as lyonization, one of these structures deactivates to form a Barr body, and a missing one of these structures causes Turner syndrome. Males that possess an extra copy of this structure have Klinefelter syndrome, and red-green color blindness is a recessive trait linked to this structure. For 10 points, name this sex chromosome of which females possess two.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f314c41905ef4cd787e782a8475f9aa3",
            "input": "A form of spectroscopy utilizing X-rays and this effect is complementary to Auger spectroscopy and is used to measure the binding energies of atoms. This effect is combined with secondary emission in a PMT to enhance signal intensity in various forms of spectroscopy. The amount of electromotive force required to prevent this effect from producing a net current is referred to as the stopping potential. The maximum possible (*) kinetic energy attainable by the product of this effect is equal to Planck's constant times the incident photon frequency minus the work function of the material. For 10 points, the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Einstein for his explanation of what effect, in which an electron is ejected from a material due to light shining on it",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74fa7c60906e41b3a75f25bb1e707274",
            "input": "His reign saw both the publication of the legal treatise Quadripartitus and the earliest surviving European kingdom-wide financial survey, and the exchequer originated at Winchester at the behest of his minister Roger of Salisbury. He fined William de Mandeville for allowing the escape of Ranulf Flambard from the Tower of London, and he had earlier ceded custody of Cotenin to his brother Robert Curthose to avoid war. The wreck of the White Ship resulted in the death of his only legitimate heir, William theling, and his childless marriage to Adeliza of Louvain resulted in his succession by Stephen of Blois. For 10 points, name this man who won the lordship of Normandy in the battle of Tinchebrai, king of England from 1100 to 1135 and the first Norman ruler not named William.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb7df82025a2439b893fed3a7c639492",
            "input": "The two-dimensional model of its structure was proposed by Robert Holley. All types contain the sequence \"p-Cp-Cp-A\" at one end and \"pG\" at the other. There are believed to be 32 different types, with 20 associated enzymes known as aminoacyl synthetases. The cloverleaf model also posits the location of the D-loop, anticodon end, and the amino acid binding site in, for ten points, what type of RNA",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed3e273fda5b454b9d4fc044085d39b4",
            "input": "In the 1860s, this country started a campaign to assimilate the Aracunia region, and a civil war in this country saw the ship Itata load up arms in California and threaten the rule of a U. S. backed President Jose Balmaceda. It also gained the Tarapaca province by the terms of a treaty which also required a plebiscite to determine the sovereignty of the Tacna and Arica provinces. Yet another ruler of this country came to power after he joined forces with Jose de San Martin and defeated the Spanish at Chacabuco, Bernardo O'Higgins. For 10 points, identify this country whose Marxist leader Salvador Allende was toppled in a coup led by Augusto Pinochet.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2441570945734bd7bfafc13851f12df5",
            "input": "As a child, this novel's protagonist requested that a senator show him a family baptismal bowl, and another character gives endless lectures on how love is the cause of sufferings. The protagonist recalls how a childhood friend once lent him a pencil, and in one scene he dreams up a paradise while stranded outside in a storm. The nickname Rhadamanthus is applied to Director Behrens, and the protagonist falls for Clavdia even though she slams doors. Leo Naphta partakes in philosophical debates with his rival Settembrini, while this novel's central character originally comes to Switzerland to visit his cousin Joachim. FTP, identify this novel about Hans Castorp's seven-year stay in a sanatorium, by Thomas Mann.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-943c39ccb44f4126bc4f33d294602f7f",
            "input": "This man received the undesirable assignment of guarding Black Rock. William B. Giles got this man a commission to an artillery corps early in his career, and in another post, this man replaced John Wool. He was captured on the Niagara front, but fought successfully at Lundy's Lane. Later, this man won three victories in quick succession at Molina del Rey, Churubisco, and Chapultapec, after earlier getting fed up with Zachary Taylor's progress and capturing Veracruz. Later, he drafted the Anaconda Plan, but ran in an election against Franklin Pierce and was the unsuccessful Whig candidate. For ten points, identify this excessively formal general nicknamed \"Old Fuss and Feathers. \"\r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7aa5b9853e645988e086c42c292a371",
            "input": "In one of his sonnets he claims \"No God, no Demon of severe response\" will answer the question \"Why did I laugh tonight\" Another sonnet claims \"The poetry of earth is never dead\" and speaks of \"The Cricket's song, in warmth increasing over. \" The day goes by \"like the passage of an angel's tear\" for \"one who has been long in city pent\" in another work, and he claims \"I saw the (*) sweetest flower wild nature yields\" in a poem \"To a Friend who sent me some Roses. \" One sonnet mentions \"high cloudy symbols of high romance\" and of those times \"When I have fears that I may cease to be. \" Another poem is addressed to \"Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness\" and another begins \"My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains. \" FTP, name this British Romantic poet who wrote \"The Eve of St. Agnes\" and \"Endymion,\" as well as \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" and \"Ode to a Nightingale. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f9e154b5f5d8496a96f5b35cfdbc042b",
            "input": "This man's papers were collected in The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. He described moments of profound happiness that he called \"peak experiences,\" which many of his subjects repeatedly experienced. He proposed that humans must attain (*) physical needs such as water and food, then safety needs, and once a person achieved those they could potentially reach self-actualization. For 10 points, name this humanist psychologist who created the concept of the Hierarchy of Needs.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6697e1bc87b64922aed2673237c1685d",
            "input": "Its western area contains Mount Gessi and Portal Peaks, as well as a national park named for Elizabeth. The Kidepo River Valley lies in the north of this country, which is home to a city that contains the Rubaga cathedral and connects to Port Bell to its south. Cities like Lira and Soroti lie close to its lake Kyoga, while the Kabalega falls downstream connects that lake to Lake (*) Albert, which along with Lake Edward forms its western border. Margherita Peak on the Eastern face of Mount Stanley lies in this country, whose Western border shares the Ruwenzori range with the DRC. Also bordering Rwanda, Sudan, and Kenya, FTP, name this country whose cities include Entebbe and Kampala, an African country once ruled by Idi Amin.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-86db62566b3b40bf8cd1fa30a136b41b",
            "input": "At one battle in this country, artillery shells were transported by the bear Wojtek. At that battle, in this country, the attacking side tried to break through the Gustav Line, while under the command of Harold Alexander. M. W. Williamson led the initial attack of six Swordfish against this country's moored fleet at one battle. Admiral Cunningham and Lumley Lyster commanded British troops against this country during the first ship-to-ship naval engagement that only involved aircrafts, which was the Battle of Taranto. As part of Operation Shingle in this country, John Lucas established a beachhead near Anzio. A full scale invasion of this country followed Operation Husky. For 10 points, name this country where the Allies won the Battle of Monte Cassino and captured Rome during World War II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e09a1ef2c2344fff8426cfe7f192d77d",
            "input": "One author from this country wrote Bring the Monkey and My Brilliant Career. In this countrys most notable literary hoax, the modernist magazine Angry Penguins devoted an issue to the poetry of Ern Malley before learning that he was a fake. An author from this country wrote Illywhacker, as well as a novel about a minister and an heiress who attempt to build a glass church, Oscar and Lucinda. Another novelist from this country wrote about a German manufacturer who teams up with Itzhak Stern to save a bunch of Jews during the Holocaust in Schindlers Ark. FTP, name this country home to Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally, and Patrick White, whose novel Voss involves a trek across the outback.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad6a04f4d6a74edbbe81652247bc64e9",
            "input": "One of this artist's paintings portrays Hur and Aaron holding up a scowling Moses' arms during a battle against the Amalekites. In addition to Victory, O Lord!, this painter depicted a young man pulling off a white armband while embracing his lover in A Huguenot on St. Bartholomew's Day. A child looks back at a double rainbow while perched on the lap of the title accordion player in this painter's Blind Girl. His created a painting of the Holy Family lambasted for its realism by Charles Dickens, and a painting in which Elizabeth Siddal modeled a drowned Shakespearean character. For 10 points, name this pre-Raphaelite painter of Christ in the House of His Parents and Ophelia.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee60bb7022bb4c6db25ee79131cc7b1f",
            "input": "This work references a nonexistent baseball game in the line \"Red Sox beat Yanks 5-4 on Chapman's homer. \" One character in this work is named Izumrudov and gives an address to the man who is alternately described as the madman Jack Grey and the assassin and member of the Shadows Jakob Gradus. The narrator is a professor at Wordsmith College in the town of New Wye, but claims to be the monarch Charles Xavier II. This novel is written in the form of annotations to the 999 line poem of the same name written on the death of his daughter Hazel by the poet John Shade, a friend of a man who believes he was the king of Zembla. For 10 points name this novel about the possibly insane ramblings of Charles Kinbote, a work of Vladimir Nabokov.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c595a24c263f47f09cf82a4377f02f46",
            "input": "One island belonging to this nation is Cheduba which is known for peculiar mud-shaped cones which emit sulfurous fumes or steam. A massive gold-covered stupa is found in this nation's capital while the central region of this nation is home to thousands of temples built by the (*) Bagan Dynasty. To the north lies the state of Kachin which is home to Lake Indawygi and this nation's highest peak, Hkakabo Razi, while the Mon state lies to the nation's south. Major rivers found within this country include the Salween which flows southerly along the east side of the nation into the Andaman Sea and the Chindwin which forms a major tributary with the nation's largest river, the Irrawaddy. Bordering China and Thailand to the east and India and Bangladesh to the west, FTP, identify this Southeast Asian nation, home to the city of Mandalay and its capital, Yangon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea5527a46a684099b7a98738c02b4f18",
            "input": "This composer transcribed a forlane from another composer's Concerts Royaux, inspiring his six-part memorial of World War I soldiers. Pianist Ricardo Vies debuted many of this man's pieces, including a Spanish dance that was inspired by his teacher, Gabriel Faur. This composer arranged the most-performed version of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and wrote The Tomb of Couperin and the Pavane for a Dead Princess. A constant ostinato rhythm in the snare drums characterizes another of his pieces. For 10 points, name this French composer of Bolro.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bd39fd50df10496299d135d9c7121d32",
            "input": "The victor's only major losses were suffered by Barrel's and Munro's regiments who absorbed the brunt of Lord George Murray's attack on their left. On the far left the Athol Brigade was devastated by enfilading fire from the Campbell militia and Wolfe's regiment. On the right the MacDonalds were routed before they even reached the victor's lines. Starving and outnumbered 2-1 the losers were also tired after a marching for a night attack, - which never materialized - upon the Duke of Cumberland's Royalist army. FTP, identify this 1746 battle in Scotland which ended Bonnie Prince Charlie's claims to the throne of England.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07541d97e6a7444bbfb501baaffbfa6f",
            "input": "Nevill Mott won a share of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on the amorphous type of these materials. The properties exhibited by the intrinsic type are generally poor and temperature-dependent. The more useful kind is the extrinsic type, which are classified as p or n types and which often possess \"holes\" after impurities are added, a process known as \"doping\". Important examples include gallium arsenide and silicon. FTP, what are these materials, which exhibit levels of conductivity between those of conductors and insulators",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d28a09601e344a84a7f0826f754992d9",
            "input": "is an art zone in this country, which is home to an artist who filled the Tate Modern with millions of ceramic sunflower seeds. A really long panoramic painting from here follows a river upstream from a rural to urban setting and depicts daily life during a spring festival. Birds and flowers name a genre of landscape painting from this country, where an assembly line using eight basic face molds was used to create thousands of life-size ceramic sculptures. That sculptural collection is still only partially excavated. For 10 points, name this country home to Ai Weiwei and the Terracotta Army.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69d6c10584354d8ba85da488afe3ba73",
            "input": "These objects are thought to provide power to blazars. The rotating versions of these bodies described by the Kerr metric are surrounded by ergospheres from which energy can be gained in the Penrose process, and they can be described by mass, charge, and angular momentum according to the [*] no-hair theorem. They aren't neutron stars, but after exploding in supernovae, stars that have overcome the electron degeneracy pressure of the Chandrasekhar limit can form these objects. Featuring an event horizon at the Schwarzchild radius surrounding a gravitational singularity, for 10 points, name these astronomical objects so massive that no light can escape them.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11033102622b4a028c8c691f91abc197",
            "input": "This country is home to the highest sea cliffs in Europe, Slieve League, and also contains the Cliffs of Moher. Neaghe is the largest lake in this nation. The hill of Tara in this country used to be the site of coronations, and amusingly-named castles include Bunratty, Tullynally, and Ballynahinch. This nation's main river is the Shannon. The town of Ennis in this county hosts an annual folk festival in County Clare, while horse races are held frequently in Galway. Counties in this country include Sligo, Donegal, and Mayo. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Dublin.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5ed9908054944e18966d252c1ad1a34e",
            "input": "For a uniformly magnetized sample, where H is the magnetic field strength, this quantity can be defined as F - HMV. In an ordinary system, its proper variables are temperature and pressure, and it equals F + PV, where F is the Helmholtz free energy. For a reaction, if the change in this quantity is negative, then the reaction will be spontaneous. FTP, often symbolized by either phi or G, identify this type of free energy named for an American physicist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f024d42e928d4723bd94801afe999d08",
            "input": "The first known ruler with this name was succeeded by his infant son Aeropus I. One ruler with this name, who was believed to be learning disabled, was born with the name Arrhidaeus and was controlled by his wife, Queen Eurydice II. One ruler of this name destroyed the city of Amfissa, which had illegally cultivated a field belonging to the Delphic Oracle. Another ruler of this name launched an invasion that led to the Peace of Naupactus and saw him weaken the Aetolian League. That ruler with this name would later be defeated by Flamininus, a Roman general. Another ruler of this name defeated the Phocians at the Battle of Crocus Field, signed the Peace of Philocrates with Athens, and was supported by the orator Aeschines, the rival of Demosthenes. For 10 points, give this name shared by several kings of Macedon, most notably the father of Alexander the Great.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8111c3c8cca1428087b2db3680d1d5e8",
            "input": "One posthumous publication by this psychologist contained the image of a black snake who accompanied Salome and Eljiah; that Elijah figure would eventually transform into Philemon. He described a pairing of contrasexual opposites in another book. In addition to describing (*) syzygy, this psychologist described personality in terms of variations from two individual types, the introvert and the extrovert, and wrote about archetypes. For 10 points, name this author of Psychological Types who studied under Freud and proposed a universal memory accessible to the whole human race, the collective unconscious.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1bdbfa2f34a1406e84714840a99f8f55",
            "input": "The narrator of one story by this man finds a one-man cross country race after stopping when his pedometer measures twenty-five, while Kuno is threatened with \"Homelessness\" by the Machine in another of his stories. In addition to \"The Other Side of the Hedge\" and \"The Machine Stops\", he wrote about Lilia Herriton, who travels to Tuscany and gets married to Gino Carella in one work, and another of his novels sees Helen Schlegel advise Leonard Bast to quit his job as an insurance clerk, before dying of a heart attack. For 10 pointsname this author of Where Angels Fear to Tread and Howards End, who wrote about Adela Questad's accusations of rape against Dr. Aziz in his novel A Passage to India.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb48f618953849eebf3db6a96a7ca4da",
            "input": "one myth, Zeus struck this figure's lover Iasion in the face with a thunderbolt after he saw mud on her back from their tryst in a field. Though she hid among the mares of Onkios, Poseidon was still able to find her and impregnate her, resulting in the birth of Despoine. In another myth, this deity disguised herself as the nurse Doso and attempted to burn away Demophon's immortality, but after Metanira stopped her, she taught her skills to Triptolemus. However, this deity is perhaps most famous for ending the harvest after her brother, Hades, took her daughter while she was picking flowers in a field. For 10 points, name this goddess of the seasons and the harvest, the mother of Persephone.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-817f864db869496581264f17634553be",
            "input": "One end-times scenario of this faith involves a river of metal created by melting all the minerals of the earth. The first ruler to adopt it as an official faith was King Vishtaspa, and one of its rituals involves a drink made from water, pomegranate leaves, and the haoma plant. It lumps together all evil actions as falsehoods, or druj, and, like in Judaism, each of its temples houses a sacred fire. Its (*) Vendidad text describes the evil daevas and discourages burial in favor of leaving bodies on vulture-inhabited Towers of Silence, and its founder allegedly wrote the Gathas as part of its holy scripture, the Zend Avesta. For 10 points, name this religion that believes in the evil Ahriman's fight with the good god Ahura Mazda and is named for its Persian prophet founder.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5db2626502bb49148be254da06316c1b",
            "input": "A Hungarian member of this artistic movement designed a famous ad campaign for Miss Blanche Virginia cigarettes. Another member of this movement designed the Villa Henny, which pioneered the use of reinforced concrete. A building designed in accordance with this movement's principles features an upper floor with no stationary walls. Vilmos Huszar and Robert van 't Hoff were members of this movement, which also produced a number of \"lozenge\" paintings and the (*) Schroder House. One member of this group created a series of \"Counter-Compositions\" and proposed the supremacy of diagonal lines, which led to the break-up of this group when the painter of Broadway Boogie Woogie left it. For 10 points, name this Dutch art movement which included Gerrit Rietveld and was co-founded by Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f60d2cfa43694346979aa5968b7daf63",
            "input": "It was confined to India for almost two thousand years, before it was described by Hindu physicians in 400 B.C. There were six major pandemics throughout the world in the 1800s. In a famous London outbreak in 1854, John Snow suggested removing a pump handle to stop the spread. For ten points, name this disease spread by ingestion of fecally contaminated food and water.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-069412b5c7dc4422b802f8b905b9887a",
            "input": "A system's Lagrangian (lah-GRAN-jee-uhn) equals this quantity minus potential energy. This quantity can be found by dividing the square of an objects momentum by twice its mass. The change in this quantity for an object is equal to the net work done on the object. It equals one-half times mass times velocity squared. For 10 points, name this type of energy that objects possess because of motion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-763c709638a946449be59c6bb1ca80a5",
            "input": "In one novel by this author, Holbein's painting The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb fascinates a character who falls in love with a general's youngest daughter. In that novel by this author, Nastasya is killed by the devil-like Rogozhin. At the end of another of this author's books, the protagonist's sister Dunya marries his friend Razumikhin, and Sonya travels to a Siberian labor camp. This author of a novel about the epileptic Prince Myshkin, The Idiot, also wrote about the murder of a pawnbroker by Raskolnikov. For 10 points, name this Russian author of Crime and Punishment.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9369023501fe457388d2b956e2d00e46",
            "input": "According to Nonnus, the Cabiroi are the offspring of this god. This god is often depicted riding on a donkey. According to one story, this god gave a boy named Cedalion to the hunter Orion. Small dwarf-like statues of this god were often placed at a certain location in Greek homes. Some suggest that this god was born by Hera alone because of her jealousy over Zeus' bearing of Athena. An object associated with this god as used to bribe Eriphyle, while another object originally possessed by this god was stolen from Zeus by Pandareus. Homer credits this god with being married to Charis, or Grace. One story tells of this god being nursed by Thetis and the Oceanids at Lemnos after he was twice thrown from Olympus, and this god is credited with creating Pandora. For ten points, name this husband of Aphrodite who crafted Achilles' armor and Zeus' thunderbolts, the Greek god of fire.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0abbf81b458b4bd0aafdc047d9a92bcf",
            "input": "King Salmoneus once impersonated this god. After Chelone refused to attend his wedding, this deity turned Chelone into a tortoise. This slayer of Kampe was fed human flesh by Lycaon, who he turned into a wolf. This deity was suckled by Amalthea, a goat on Mount Ida, after Rhea interchanged him with a stone, which was eaten by his father Cronos. This father of Athena is brothers with Poseidon and Hades, and his wife is Hera. For 10 points, name this god who overthrew the titans to become the king of Olympus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0ae4844d781414d828aacf2d324822a",
            "input": "Genera in this phylum include Globodera, which features the potato cyst type, and Aphelenchoides, which are the foliar type that live inside of leaves. Ascariasis is a common disease caused by a namesake member of this phylum, which are the most prevalent examples of pseudo-coelomates. They have no circulatory system but do have a complete digestive system, and one member often used in labs was the first multi-cellular organism to have its entire genome mapped. For 10 points, name this phylum including C. elegans, consisting of often-parasitic roundworms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7003ebe9ea5c483ebb064b74d94fcd33",
            "input": "Art historian Longhi argued that the creator of this painting may also have worked on Raising of Tabitha, and the building depicted in this painting belongs to a resident of Capernum. The right side of this painting features the four apostles standing in a line facing the central group. Another figure is seen addressing the central group and collecting the title object from a different figure, and its left most scene depicts St. Peter taking a coin from a fish. Housed in the Brancacci Chapel in Florence, for 10 points, identify this work by Masaccio which depicts three different scenes pertaining to Jesus paying the titular taxes.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94f6912823914bbd86ede561d5391131",
            "input": "This thinker wrote about the effect of \"\"animal spirits\"\" upon the human mind in a work that delineates a type of emotion that is prompted from an external source, his Passions of the Soul. He outlined his view of mind-body dualism in such works as his Meditations on First Philosophy. For 10 points, name this French thinker who worked extensively in developing early geometry and proclaimed \"\"I think, therefore I am. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-723c475c31854eaa85a334ef3a512f23",
            "input": "This country's Mar Chiquita is northeast of its second-largest city. Its capital city contains a planetarium named after Galileo and the 9th of July Avenue, which honors this country's independence day. Its province of Corrientes is separated from the Chaco province by the Parana River, and it is home to the Mapuche tribes, which inhabit its eastern pampas and Patagonia regions. The tallest mountain in this country as well as the entire Western and Southern Hemispheres, is Aconcagua. For 10 points, name this South American country claiming sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, with capital Buenos Aires.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca2836180b0d41f58e89a9a2bfb62d3d",
            "input": "David Jewitt and Jane Luu utilized a blink comparator to discover the first objects part of it, which were named Cubewanos after the prototype QB1. Possessing gaps due to orbital resonance, its size fluctuates from 2:3 resonance to 1:2 resonance. With its mean position inclined by 1.86 degrees, it resembles a torus. The discovery of Eris, an object in it, disproved the Titius-Bode Law governing the size of the semi-major axis of heavenly bodies. Sedna, Pluto and other Plutinos are, for 10 points, part of what astronomical structure beyond Neptune that is thought to be the home of many short-period comets",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8ff037b99bd4932b29d4b0af552c72b",
            "input": "His verse includes a number of love poems, including a Fantasy and a Rapture, dedicated to Laura as well as the historical ballad A Hostage. He justified the need for art by discussing humanitys need to balance its rational and sensual nature with what he termed the the play drive in his On the Aesthetic Education of Man. In another of his works an obstinate father causes the death of his son Ferdinand, who has fallen in love with the musicians daughter, Luise Muller. That play, Intrigue and Love, was preceded by a play about the power struggle between the brothers Karl and Franz and followed by his take on Elizabeth Is Scottish rival and a Trilogy about a general during the Thirty Years War. For ten points, identify this German author of Mary Stuart, The Robbers, and Wallenstein.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5bd519a469b24863859ef669a7794b24",
            "input": "The square root of this quantity is obtained when the gamma function is evaluated at one-half, and it can be approximated by Buffon's needle problem. The probability density function of the normal distribution has a coefficient of two times this quantity all to the negative one-half power, and e to the i raised to this power equals negative 1. The sine function equals zero at integer multiples of it. It is multiplied by four-thirds times the radius cubed to find the volume of a sphere, and it is also the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. For 10 points, name this transcendental number commonly approximated as 3.14.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f55d591ccf84bbfbb06164db36ce671",
            "input": "This is the controlling parameter in a cataclysmic variable binary, in which material is lost by a body with weakly bound outer layers, like a red giant. Analogous to a similar quantity named for Oppenheimer, Tollman, and Volkoff that applies to neutron-degenerate spheres, this quantity is derived by balancing self-gravitation with the degeneracy pressure from electrons. Planetary nebula formation is one means by which stable stars can be formed from bodies initially above this, a condition which usually results in nova, since this is the maximum mass at which a white dwarf will not gravitationally collapse. For 10 points, name this cut-off equal to about 1.44 solar masses that is named for an Indian-American physicist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-426a5d1cc6b1421aa9c9d6477d23b510",
            "input": "In flow cytometry, these molecules bind to fluorophores to differentiate test cells, and HRP is bound to them for use in another process. Kohler and Milstein discovered that myeloma cells can produce the monoclonal variety of these molecules. Three layers of these are used in the \"sandwich\" variety of the ELISA technique, and these proteins exhibit disulfide bonds between their two heavy and light chains to form a Y-shaped structure. The type of these molecules which attack A and B blood groups is known as Immunoglobulin M. Released by plasma B cells, for 10 points, name these proteins produced by the immune system which each tag a unique antigen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ee6abc1136e41aca15c3fc3f08cfbe0",
            "input": "In the 1844 \"Hannegan letter\" this New Hampshire native urged the annexation of Texas and in the \"Nicholson letter\" he annunciated a form of popular sovereignty. As minister to France he wrote an influential pamphlet against European attempts to suppress the slave trade through the right of search and he resigned from the cabinet in 1842 over differences with Daniel Webster over the right to search. His 1848 presidential campaign caused a split in the Democratic party as anti-slavery elements joined the Free Soil Party to protest his view on slavery. For 10 points, name this veteran of the War of 1812 and Michigan senator.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-16399b95ade74722bbee68953a15330c",
            "input": "In one of this man's works, a young musician boards the boat of an elderly helmsman only to become the helmsman himself. That story, \"Flute Dream,\" is one of this man's many fairy tales, which include \"The Dwarf\" and \"Dream of the Gods. \"  His actual short stories include one about the Chinese poet Han Fook and another concerning Friedrich the rationalist and his friend Erwin, \"Within and Without. \" Longer works include a novel about a student artist's relationship with an intellectual Monk and another about Emil Sinclair's relationship with the title character, Max Demian. Better known are a novel about Joseph Knecht's transformation into Magister Ludi, master of the title competition, and another about the misadventures of Harry Haller. FTP, name this German author of The Glass Bead Game and Steppenwolf.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50aaf67f73084460b69c2a5146a53695",
            "input": "In one story, this god manages to get help from Baugi and Gunnlod in stealing from Suttung a special mead made from the blood of a man. This god decided to give up one of his eyes in order to take a drink from the well guarded by Mimir to increase his knowledge. Another attempt to gain knowledge involved this god (*) hanging himself for nine days from Yggdrasil to learn the secrets of the runes. For 10 points, name this Norse deity who wields the spear Gungnir, rides the eight-legged horse Sleipnir, and controls the ravens Hugin and Munin.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6a9f5105a1a44bab4a73f27a1a3e5bd",
            "input": "The Keo Nua Pass in this country is one of the few passes through the Annamese Cordillera (CORE-dee-YARE-uh). This nation's capital includes the Temple of the Trung Sisters and is located on the Red River. The imperial citadel of Dai Noi is found in this country's onetime capital Hue (hway). For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian nation that was reunified in 1975 after a bloody war between the communist north and U.S.-aligned south.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-473b998cdd584f06bff2899dc850d6e7",
            "input": "This work took over eight years to sell 600 copies. It contains a famous section relating a scene in a large hall with numerous guests, including the widow Irma and the author's friend Otto. It divides the title concept into its actual, or \"manifest content,\" and its hidden meaning, or \"latent content. \"  This work contains chapters that attempt to identify the title concept's \"Stimuli and Sources,\" its role as \"Wish-Fulfillment,\" and to explain why they are forgotten upon waking. FTP, identify this work of Sigmund Freud that first analyzed the importance of understanding dreams.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f28a2cc53dd4614ae9c0369369b2f21",
            "input": "In Nepal, this god is depicted as a five-headed figure riding a lion and is called Heramba. At this god's temples, one can whisper wishes into his mount's ear to relay to him. This god injured the moon by throwing a body part at it after it laughed at him for tying his stomach together with a snake to keep candy from coming out. This god is said to have agreed to transcribe the Mahabharata for Vyasa only if he would recite it without interruption. To win a fruit, this Lord of Beginnings was told to race with his brother around the world, after which he rode a mouse around his parents because he said a little boy's parents were his world. Earlier, this god had hurt a cat, not realizing that the cat was his mother Parvati in disguise. This god was born beautiful, but lost his head after his father Shiva cut it off. For 10 points, name this elephant-headed \"remover of obstacles\" from Hindu myth.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c717dc119fd04b298d8cdcd00020061a",
            "input": "In her essay \"A Bolter and the Invincible Summer\" she admits to frequently skipping classes at convent school. Her more recent novels, The Pickup and The House Gun, are much less political than her first work, the story collection The Soft Voice of the Serpent. She furthered her political views in The Conservationist and July's People. However, it was The Burger's Daughter that was banned in her country for its stark portrayal of an entrenched discriminatory system. FTP, name this South African winner of the 1991 Nobel in Literature.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b503ae7b095448f491354a971ec7642e",
            "input": "After Mieszko helped to unify the tribes, his son Boleslaw became the first king of this country in 1024. This country's legal code was developed under Casimir, and Poniatowski created this country's Committee of National Education. This nation was partitioned in an agreement set up by Frederick the Great in 1772. The German-Soviet pact divided this country, which was the first nation invaded by the Nazis in World War II. For 10 points, name this Eastern European country, the site of Auschwitz and the Warsaw Uprising.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffcd9ca253c143f9aa21099cfdef243e",
            "input": "This leader established the International African Association with the stated purpose of suppressing the slave trade. He attempted to purchase the Philippines from Spain, but succeeded in controlling land he described as a \"magnificent cake\" when the Berlin Conference awarded it to him as a personal colony. He hired Henry Stanley to explore that territory, where his Force Publique routinely cut off the hands of indigenous laborers who were not productive enough. For 10 points, name this ruler of the Congo Free State who was the King of the Belgians.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-86d34568255a4ed0825628c834758612",
            "input": "The investigation into this event was spearheaded by Montana Democrat Thomas J. Walsh. Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty resigned as a result of the subsequent press coverage. Businessmen Edward L. Doheny and Harry F. Sinclair were the perpetrators of the \"loans\" doled out to Secretary of the Navy Edwin Denby and the infamous Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall. FTP, identify this scandal that involved petroleum reserves under the administration of Warren Harding.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc3e454185ed4e06b4d1fb7189058a06",
            "input": "The protagonist is impressed by a performance of Thomas Corneille's The Count of Essex, but when he admires a play set in Arabia the person sitting next to him at the theater sets him straight about the work. After losing money at a game of faro he overhears a discussion of a novel by Doctor Gauchat, while Madame de Parolignac mocks the works of Archdeacon T.  Later, a Venetian nobleman disparages the works of Horace and Milton, and complains that the Raphaels he owns are a bit too brownish. The title character ends up in Constantinople, having spent time in Portugal and Paraguay in earlier portions of the book. In the end, he enjoys the company of a dour philosopher named Martin and a loyal servant named Cacambo while living on his farm. FTP, name this novel in which an endless stream of misadventures befalls Paquette, Cungonde, and Doctor Pangloss, a work about optimism by Voltaire.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c77a5b60396945b59869815a52006a3a",
            "input": "A woman in a white dress is shown falling before a Madonna in this painter's Il Penseroso, and horseback riders approach a Gothic cathedral in his The Return. Another of his works portrays a palace made of clouds as an angel bids farewell, and this man depicted a thunderstorm transitioning to a calm river as seen from Mount Holyoke. In another series, hunters pursue deer across a rugged landscape in the 'Savage' section, while a colossal statue is shown beheaded in the 'Destruction' section. Depicted by Asher Durand alongside William Cullen Bryant in Kindred Spirits, FTP, name this American romantic painter of The Voyage of Life and The Course of Empire, the founder of the Hudson River School.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef21452e0ac54ed08546da79ab692aa1",
            "input": "At one point in this novel, the protagonist sees a character in mourning on the anniversary of the executions of Annibal de Coconasso and that character's ancestor Boniface, who had been the lover of Queen Marguerite of Navarre. Titles and epigraphs, most of them invented by the author, are given to all but the last four chapters. Early in the novel, the maid Elisa falls in love with the protagonist, and she tells the town priest Chlan about the protagonists affair with the mayors wife, causing the protagonist to leave Verrires for a seminary in Besanon. His impending marriage to Mathilde de la Mole is ruined by a letter from Mme. de Rnal in, FTP, what novel about the socially ambitious Julien Sorel, written by Stendhal",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79980e99b40c49049cda28c196a6532c",
            "input": "This functional group can chelate with metals such as cadmium in ectomycorrhizal fungi to increase metal tolerance. One of these will be created by treating a carbonyl compound with Lawesson's reagent and then reducing, and the Barton-Kellogg reaction uses the ketone variety of them to synthesize olefins. Aqueous work-up following the Herz reaction places one of them on an aromatic ring, as does the Leuckart reaction. They can be oxidized with agents like bromine, and compounds which interfere with that process are often used to denature proteins. A major component of skunk spray, they tend to form strong complexes with heavy metal cations like arsenic and mercury, which led them to be called mercaptans. FTP, name this functional group which consists of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7fe73f2a4cea49acaada5d1ed9b61d08",
            "input": "Snorri states that this figure should be called \"kinsman of Ali\", and Vartari is a thong used by a dwarf to sew this figure's mouth shut. This brother of Byleist was once captured and held in a wooden chest by the villainous King Geirroth. He is represented by the Kaunaz, a vulva-shaped rune, and one of his sons created the Van River. This slayer of Fimafeng captured the dwarf Andvari in a net and is the son of Laufey and Farbauti and the father of Narfi. To delay the building of Valhalla, this figure copulated with a horse, but his usual consorts are Sigyn and Angrboda. The father of Sleipnir, Fenrir, and the Midgard Serpent, for ten points name this trickster from Norse myth.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a175a0af17d24ff9958f989f71a6e6bb",
            "input": "This period saw the once dominant armored placoderm replaced with a wide diversity of sharks. During this period, Gondwana collided with Laurussia while southern Gondwanaland was glaciated, although that glaciation may have been a holdover from an earlier time. It saw the development of the amnoite egg, which allowed for extended dominance over land by some tetrapods. Trilobites were rare during this period but crinoids and gastropods were numerous and there were also many species of Eurypterids flourishing. It saw the appearance of bark-bearing trees and an overabundance of plants made the oxygen levels significantly higher allowing the evolution of giant-sized insects. Divided into the Pennsylvanian and Mississippian, FTP identify this last period of the Paleozoic Era, which started about 359.2 million years ago and which was named for the large amount of coals beds dating to that period.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d27df4752c5b40a7b9a048b28fa75e78",
            "input": "When St. Philip refused to bless him, the former was subsequently martyred by him. He conquered Kazan and Astrakhan, and captured Narva and Dorpat before being scared off by Sigismund II. He confessed the sins of his youth to a Zemski Sobor, established the secret police known as the Oprichnina, and persecuted the boyars as no one ever had. For ten points, name this ruler of Russia from 1533 to 1584, the first to hold the title of tsar.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78d2d5cf6bc7499ea69b2c559c70e546",
            "input": "About two-thirds of the way through its course it receives the Meta River on its left and joins the Apure River. Early on it divides at La Esmeralda, and one of its arms, the Casiquiare River, flows southward. After it rises in the Parima Mountains, it follows a course resembling a reverse C and goes through the plains known as the Llanos [YA-nose] before entering the Atlantic Ocean. FTP, name this South American river that flows mostly through Venezuela.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05c6f30046fb45c5ae2abb2b11b5b5ed",
            "input": "god once helped out Hera after she promised him one of the Graces, Pasithia, as his wife, and he shares with his brother the symbol of an inverted torch. One of his sons is also known by the name Icelus, and in book sixteen of the Iliad he carries the body of Sarpedon back to Lycia with his brother, whose Roman equivalent is Mors. He lives either on the island of Lemnos (*) or in a cave through which the river Lethe flows, and this deity is the son of Erebus and Nyx, both of whom are associated with darkness. Often depicted with wings attached to his head, this god is also the brother of Thnatos and the father of the Oneiroi, a group of beings which include Phobetor, Phantasos, and Morpheus; that group brings him the dreams of mortals. For 10 points, name this Greek god of sleep.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bbc3c037802b451c951b9762bb1928b7",
            "input": "He claimed that \"every action can only take place in consequence of a sufficient motive\" in one work, which also claims that \"moral laws. . . cannot rightly be assumed as existing without proof\". In addition to On the Basis of Morality, this author wrote \"To preach Morality is easy, to found it different\" in a work which discusses how \"it must be possible for phenomenon to act upon things from inside, instead of from outside\" in a section entitled \"Animal Magnetism and Magic\". This author of On the Will in Nature also wrote a work which claims that the \"Ontological Proof is really a charming joke\" and that \"the immensity of God from which it follows that God needs no cause\", his On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason. For 10 pointsname this philosopher, who criticized Kantian philosophy and discussed electricity and gravity as fundamental forces of the first title concept in his The World as Will and Representation.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e527739e3894254b56111e65cf91cef",
            "input": "The speaker of this work describes a river which meandered through wood and dale \"with a mazy motion\". That river sprang from a fountain which burst forth from a chasm and which also produced huge fragments which \"vaulted like rebounding hail, or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail\", and among whose tumult the title character of this work heard voices prophesying war. This work ends with the line, \"For he on honey-dew hath fed, and drunk the milk of Paradise\", and also describes \"a miracle of rare device, a sunny-pleasure dome with caves of ice! \" For 10 pointsname this narrative poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-768e22a379614902af8fb2d4fdbc2211",
            "input": "This man wrote poetry like the poem \"On the Decline of the Church\". This man was taken into custody along with Fra Domenico da Pescia and Fra Silvestro, and this man wrote the meditations Tristitia obsedit me and Infelix Ego. This man believed that King Charles VIII of France would prove to be an agent of the Last Days. One of this mans first acts as leader was to make sodomy a capital offense, and while this man was giving a speech on Acension Day, citizens of his city rioted. Picco della Mirandola requested that this man return to Florence, which he did, and he ran the Church of San Marco. For ten points, identify this Dominican Friar, an enemy of Alexander VI who enjoyed burning books and art in events like his Bonfire of the Vanities.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95792ecbb6d248cf98fe346c882780c6",
            "input": "Langston's ant and turmites are two-dimensional analogues of these constructs. Recursively enumerable languages are equivalent to the class of languages recognized by these constructs. The universal variant of these constructs can simulate every possible one of these constructs. Attaching one of these to an \"oracle\" can make it stronger, and a busy beaver is a specific variant of these constructs that executes the maximum number of steps. Lambda calculus is equivalent in power to these constructs according to a hypothesis named after Alonzo Church and these devices' namesake. For 10 points, name these theoretical devices with a head that can read, write, and move upon an infinite length of tape.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec4ca5c1daf24d6ea803b012126e7a58",
            "input": "These creatures overcame a warrior with impenetrable skin by burying him underneath uprooted trees. In another story, two of these creatures named Hylaeus and Rhaecus attempted to rape Atalanta. One of these creatures named Eurytion assaulted Hippodamia during her wedding, which led to a conflict in which they smothered the warrior Caeneus. These creatures were born when a king attempted to rape (*) Hera, but instead copulated with the cloud Nephele. One of these figures gave Deianira a poisoned tunic for her husband; a more benevolent one taught Achilles and Jason the lyre. For 10 points, name this mythological race exemplified by Nessus and Chiron, which are half-human and half-horse.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81b8decc4fd34a2984a50f88a585e601",
            "input": "One volcano in this lake is the source of Mombacho cigars, and two other volcanoes in this lake are\\n connected by an old lava bridge known as the Tistian Isthmus. An artist colony was set up on this lake's\\n Mancarron, the largest of the Solentiname Islands, and this lake's largest island is Ometepe. This lake is a\\n home to bull sharks and other ocean animals, which makes it the only freshwater lake with marine life. This\\n lake was known indigenously as Cocibolca, and it is drained by the San Juan River into the Caribbean Sea.\\n For 10 points, name this lake in Central America that shares its name with the country in which it is\\n located.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b56d7ef0c0447b787bc4797e8b2c0bd",
            "input": "One concurring justice in this case draws on Rochin v. United States and his previous dissent in Adamson v. California, while the majority opinion often cites the cases of Boyd v. United States and Weeks v. United States as historical precedents on the central constitutional issue. Dissenters included Justices Whittaker and Frankfurter who joined with Harlan in lambasting the court for forgetting its sense of judicial restraint in overruling Wolf v. Colorado. The wake of this decision produced a doctrine known as the \"fruit of the poisonous tree. \" FTP, name this 1961 Supreme Court decision in which seizure of lascivious material in a Cleveland woman's apartment was deemed unconstitutional.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-838721165ec449efa5c1ad0c7cfeea87",
            "input": "The Chinese goddess of this entity obtained her position after swallowing a large pill and is named Chang-e. In Hindu mythology, the figure associated with it was accused of spending too much time with Rohini by the sage Daksha and is also responsible with brewing heavenly liquid, and it is under the domain of Sin in Sumerian mythology. In Aztec mythology, Huitzilopochtli created it by decapitating Coyolxauhqui. The Japanese god of this entity, who emerged from the right eye of his father, killed Uke Mochi in anger. In Norse mythology this entity is constantly chased by Hati, while the Greek figure associated with it put her shepherd lover in an eternal sleep. FTP, the Vedic Soma, the Shinto Tsuki-Yomi, the Norse Mani, and the Greek Selene were all associated with what heavenly body",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58a063f984504cf39dced1c77dc96377",
            "input": "The CIZA project determined that it only has 10% of its originally postulated mass, while Bertschinger and Dekel calculated the maximum Sachs-Wolfe anisotropy due to its effects. Partly responsible for the dipole anisotropy, it was originally discovered by a group later dubbed \"The Seven Samurai\". This structure is associated with a filamentous redshift phenomenon known as the Fingers of God. It was found due to irregularities in the Tully-Fisher relationship, resulting in peculiar velocities of up to 700 kilometers per second in several galaxies, and it contains the Norma and Abell 3627 cluster. It lies directly in front of the Shapley Supercluster and is core is located in giant filament of dark matter called the Great Centaurus Wall. Located in the Zone of Avoidance, for 10 points, name this object 250 million light-years across, named for its tendency to pull galaxies toward it.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1dd55bd83d6846fb9b450dec95908ab1",
            "input": "This conflict broke out one year after the death of Joseph Ferdinand and was indirectly caused by the demands of Leopold I that his son Charles receive unpartitioned lands. One battle in this conflict took place as one side was getting ready to beseige a village near the Schelde River, while another battle two years prior to that one took place near modern-day Namur and was a defeat for the Duke de Villeroi; those battles were Oudenarde and Ramellies. The immediate cause of this conflict was the death of Charles II and the subsequent attempt to place the future Philip V on the throne of a certain nation. One of this war's decisive battles occurred when a Franco-Bavarian force under Tallard was defeated by Eugene of Savoy and the Duke of Marlborough. For ten points, identify this war between France and a coalition led by England which featured such battles as Malplaquet and Blenheim and was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a2c7be0b23142f786c1246bab966156",
            "input": "Early in his career, he was an ally of a faction founded by Gulian Verplanck and was nicknamed \"King Coody\" as a result. As a lawyer, he defended the abolitionist Jacob Gruber and succeeded William Wirt as attorney general of his state. After replacing William Duane, he ordered the end of federal deposits into the Second Bank of the United States as Secretary of the Treasury, but Jackson's bid to replace Gabriel Duvall with this man was a failure. In his most famous role, this man dealt with the power of state courts in Ableman v. Booth, the sanctity of state contracts in the Charles River Bridge case and with habeas corpus in ex parte Merryman. FTP, identify this fifth Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court who presided over the Dred Scott case.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dfcb7e420a0e41259f6d00c1747a7189",
            "input": "The last thing he wrote before his suicide was a story entitled \"Gleanings From\" his most famous work, the longest of his \"palm-of-the-hand\" stories. David Henry Hwang wrote this man into a theatrical adaptation of this author's House of the Sleeping Beauties, written after his novel about the twin daughters of kimono salesmen, The Old Capital. Other novels by him deal with the six-month contest between Ottake and Shusai, and with the love of Shimmamura for a northern geisha. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of The Master of Go and Snow Country.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca80976f965541728d55a2f992e64c78",
            "input": "This author suggested that there is no other road to truth except through the \"brook of fire,\" referring to this philosopher's admiration of the writings of Ludwig Feuerbach. This author satirizes Bastiat's theory of credit as an \"utter poverty of ideas under a cover of formal logic\" in his Grundrisse. In addition to writing Notes on James Mill and The Civil War in France, this theorist in perhaps his most famous work claims that the constant revolutionizing of production leads to a constant disturbance of social conditions thus \"all that is solid melts into air, [and] all that is holy is profaned. \" Also the author of the Critique of the Gotha Program, that quote comes from a work co-written by Friedrich Engels and warns of a specter haunting Europe. FTP name this German philosopher who discussed the class struggle between bourgeoisie and the proletariat in the Communist Manifesto.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d4379162b374a7fa32dea9f07e01766",
            "input": "This city was the original capital of a duchy ruled by Otto de la Roche, and along with Orchomenos, it was once inhabitated by the Minyan people. One commander from this city unprecedentedly used a reserve contigent of cavaliers in one battle and was named Pagondas. Another general from this city led a 1000 man force to defend the construction site of Megalopolis and later took care of a notable hostage to this city. It lost the battles of Coronea but was responsible for the killing of Lysander at the earlier battle of Haliartus, and three of its generals were killed despite its victory at the Battle of Mantinea. The most famous general from this polity gave Pelopidas control of the Sacred Band and fought in the Battle of Leuctra. Home of Epaminondas, for 10 points, name this Greek-city state that gained hegemony prior to the Macedonian conquest.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7c064b28b21465d86e950e799f2399b",
            "input": "One derivative of this molecule is the mushroom compound gyromitrin, which is metabolized into the toxic monomethyl version of it, while the iso-nicotinyl version of it is used to treat tuberculosis. It can be produced industrially in the Atofina-PCUK cycle, or in a process in which chloramine is an intermediate, the Olin Raschig process. Imides react with it to form tri-azoles in the Einhorn-Brunner reaction, while in another reaction, it attacks a carbonyl compound to form a similarly named intermediate before winding up as nitrogen gas. FTP, name this molecule used to completely reduce a carbonyl in the Wolff-Kishner reaction, which is also prominently used as a rocket fuel and has formula N2H4.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7eda9be69835499e9c63282c56f53788",
            "input": "This man wrote a piece with sections on the title character's \"Companion,\" \"Battlefield\" and \"Works of Peace.\" One of this composer's works, mislabeled as a symphony, is more accurately a 22-section tone poem which uses multiple \"climbing themes.\" This composer of A Hero's Life represented a folk hero's trickery with a French horn and soprano clarinet in another work, Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks. This composer of An Alpine Symphony is most famous for a work with a C-G-C \"nature-motif\" in the trumpets, which is followed by timpani quarter notes. For 10 points, name this German composer of Also Sprach Zarathustra.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bbb03deeb7024a11acbe7201032367f9",
            "input": "This man fathered the twins Nebrophon and Euneus with the Lemnian queen Hypsipyle. His father committed suicide by drinking bull's blood, an act which prompted the murder of this man's brother Promachus. This man ordered the construction of a pentekontoros built partly using wood from the oak grove at Dodona and employed the advice of Phineas in order to pass through the (*) Symplegades. While helping a disguised Hera cross the Anauros river, he lost a sandal, thus fulfilling a prophecy involving his usurping uncle Pelias. During a trip to Colchis, this man plowed a field using fire-breathing oxen and, like Cadmus, defeated warriors grown from dragon's teeth. His second wife Glauce was jealously killed by his first wife, the sorceress Medea. For 10 points, name this hero who led the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24e9dbfb3b47453fb001b09c7dad73ed",
            "input": "One of this empire's armies that was sent as reinforcements lost to Gaius Nero and was led by Hasdrubal. Cato the Elder frequently used this empire's name with the words \"\"delenda est,\"\" and it was destroyed in its third war with Rome. For 10 points, name this empire based around a North African city whose generals included Hamilcar Barca and Hannibal during its fighting in the Punic Wars.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3be248083400413cba3f7656bf7615c7",
            "input": "This artist once completed a series with gouache and uncolored paper while bedridden, and those images are presented in a book interspersed with handwritten text. That series features many images related to the circus or to the theater, including The Sword Swallower, Cirque, The Clown, and Pierrot's Funeral. The most iconic image this artist created for that series shows a black, stylized man against a deep blue sky with geometric yellow stars, entitled Icarus. Along with the 1947 series Jazz, this French artist painted a colorful canvas with a woman herding goats with a flute, many nude people lying down, and a scene that would be recreated in The Danse. FTP, name this French artist of The Joy of Life, the leader of the Fauves.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dfd3fba3dbef4ec485d95238172f9c68",
            "input": "One theologian from what is now this country described the experience of baqa in his book The Jewels of Wisdom and argued that the soul disappears through an act of fana in The Meccan Revolutions. Another Islamic theologian from here argued that the universe is eternal in his refutation of al-Ghazali, The Incoherence of the Incoherence. This country, which was the birthplace of (*) ibn al-'Arabi and ibn Rushd, is home to a mosque with red and white voussoirs in its arcade. A palatial complex in this country is home to such features as the \"Court of the Myrtles\" and the \"Court of the Lions.\" Moriscos were Muslims in this country who were expelled during the Reconquista. For 10 points, name this country, where one can find Seville and Cordoba",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8311b59102f4d819c83426193fc5592",
            "input": "Following his dissertation on \"The Doctrine of Judgement in Psychologism,\" he published his first major work,  The Theory of Category and Meaning in Duns Scotus. The importance he attached to poetry was chiefly concerned with countryman Friedrich Holderlin, about whom he wrote a prominent book. The decadence of mankind was the primary subject of later works, which included On the Way to Language and An Introduction to Metaphysics. Two years before writing his magnum opus, he began a brief love affair with one of his students, Hannah Arendt. FTP, name this pupil of Edmund Husserl, who was obsessed with Angst and wrote Being and Time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-252bd82f656948839453034ea8390275",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel believes that his grandfather is a paper magnate living in Buffalo, New York under the name Joe Colchic. Its protagonist is accused of the murder of Sister Dorothea Kongetter after falling in love with Roswitha Raguna while working for Bebras troupe. Alfred swallows a party pin in this novel, and his son is the protagonist who helps Bronski steal a necklace for Agnes by cutting a hole through glass with his voice. The protagonist of this novel grows a hump after he stops growing at the age of three. For 10 points, name this novel about Oskar Matzerath who plays the title musical instrument, the first book of the Danzig Trilogy by Gunter Grass.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc77351078ff447e86a3733b1278df9b",
            "input": "This society forbade the free consolidation of lands and resources known as misrabhoga. Religious sites in this kingdom had special bondsmen called knum. This civilization produced barays which were artificial lakes. It was visited by the diplomat Zhou Daguan. One period of its architecture is typified by the (+) Bayon temple. It succeeded the Chenla Kingdom. It was founded by Jayavarman II. Its king Suryavarman II built (*) Angkor Wat at its capital. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian kingdom that partly shares its name with 20th century Cambodian regime.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad1f667a41d94e54b6cdb57ff0fc3ea1",
            "input": "He painted Mary being laid in a coffin while a large crowd watches breathlessly in his Dormition of the Virgin, and a balding man with a white ruffled collar makes up his Portrait of an Old Man, believed to be a self portrait by this painter. He also painted one work in which the title character stands on a sickle-shaped moon as angels in the clouds and angry-looking guys on earth look on, and one in which a man is starting to carve something into a piece of wood while a guy in a green shirt takes Jesus' red cloak off. This painter of The Assumption of the Virgin and The Disrobing of Christ painted a darkening landscape which goes from lush to barren and contains several ruined-looking walls, and depicted a guy in a funny Catholic hat helping to lay the body of the title character in his grave as a priest watches his ghost talk to Mary and Jesus in heaven. For 10 pointsname this painter of The Burial of Count Orgaz and View of Toldeo.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8118e1c90523488e996be485716d4bea",
            "input": "The frequency spectrum of this phenomenon is proportional to the integral from frequency over cut-off frequency to infinity of the modified Bessel function of the first kind of order five-thirds. The total power generated by this process is proportional to to the electron charge squared time the sixth power of the Lorenz factor; in the non-relativistic limit, that power is proportional times the square of the acceleration. Those limits respectively give the Lienard and (*) Larmor formulas. Wigglers are designed to produce this phenomenon by creating a periodic vector potential in a beam path. The classical limit of this behavior for circular causal motion is cyclotron radiation. For 10 points, identify this phenomenon, the production of radiation by relativistic charges accelerated by a magnetic field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d226ef63c934d028597ef1c9e48fc56",
            "input": "This composer depicted a Firemens Parade on Main Street in Gong on the Hook and Ladder, and his early works include Song for the Harvest Season. He set Vachel Lindsays poem General William Booth Enters into Heaven to music, and Childrens Day Parade and Old Folks Gatherin are movements in his third symphony, which contains many church hymns, The Camp Meeting. His second symphony contains a Bronx cheer ending, written as a screw you to his teacher Horatio Parker, while another of his works represents strings as the silence of the Druids and a trumpet repeatedly asking the title entity. For 10 points, name this composer of Central Park in the Dark The Unanswered Question who included The Housatonic at Stockbridge and two other movements in his Three Places in New England.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-36360a8bc4d44c8da342c311fb02a73f",
            "input": "Three of this god's children created four cups from one cup to pass a test, and are known as the Ribhus. Vishvakarma built a palace for this god, and prevailed upon Vishnu to teach this god humility with the help of a troop of ants. This god was subject to the curse of having 1000 vaginas placed on his body for his seduction of Ahalya, but was able to have eyes instead. This figure was forced to pass through ninety-nine fortresses to do battle with one opponent, who had stolen all the water from the world, and after this god slew Vritra he took back the water and created the world from its belly. This rider of Airavata hurls the thunderbolt Vajra. For ten points, identify this Hindu god, who leads the Devas against the Asuras.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58c514181d714c0d9961e1540acd1df7",
            "input": "This man warned against the creation of an episcopate in America in his Dissertation on the Canon and Feudal Law. In response to a request for advice from North Carolina, he wrote a pamphlet praising mixed constitutions, called Thoughts on Government. He received a letter asking him to \"willingly give up the harsh title of Master for the more tender and endearing one of Friend.\" This Unitarian seconded a motion by (*) Richard Henry Lee at the Second Continental Congress to force the first vote on declaring independence. This man was urged to \"Remember the ladies\" in a letter from his wife. For 10 points, name this Massachusetts patriot, whose cousin Samuel led the Sons of Liberty, a president who died within hours of his rival Thomas Jefferson.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-012929d359694ee09c917ba6f215ea75",
            "input": "The Greeks Megasthenes and Deimachus were sent as ambassadors to the first and second rulers of this polity. Demetrius I of Bactria began his devastating invasion of this empire after a coup overthrew their last ruler; his new empire would share the region with the Sunga Empire founded by the leader of that coup. The first ruler of this empire was advised by the author of a treatise on statecraft called the Arthashastra, Chanakya. That ruler consolidated his power by defeating Magadha, and he left a vast empire to his son Bindusara. This empire's third ruler was so sickened by his expansive military conquests that he built thousands of stupas and famously converted to Buddhism. For 10 points, name this Indian empire founded by Chandragupta and later ruled by Asoka.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a247d82b75954e619008478425d11e3e",
            "input": "Rhodium on carbon can be used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of benzene to reduce benzene into this molecule. Substituent atoms on this molecule are given the designation \"axial\" or \"equatorial\" based on their orientation to this molecule's planar structure. Partial twisting relieves the steric hindrance between its flagpole hydrogen atoms, and it was Hermann Sachse who first suggested the reason for the lack of angle strain proposed by Adolf von Baeyer, a theory which was later expanded on by Ernst Mohr, who suggested that it has a chair conformation which relieves that strain. For 10 points, name this cycloalkane which contains six carbons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80b4dce453874d13b2878a74c8241520",
            "input": "The Goesgen experiment used a nuclear reactor to observe their spectra. Experimental setups to study\\n these down to the 6.5 megavolt range usually only observe B8 products. Their dynamics show large and\\n small mixing angle solutions. Those dynamics are enhanced by the MSW mechanism. One method for\\n finding these makes use of large quantities of perchloroethylene such as in the Homestake experiment.\\n Research has shown that they can undergo flavor oscillations, and these half-integer spin particles are only\\n affected by the weak force. They were first postulated in the form of their antiparticles by Pauli. For 10\\n points, name these non-charge-carrying leptons of little mass involved in beta decay.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3a10dd25f454e80b63c0fcf69b65500",
            "input": "This composer was given the task of improvising on a \"\"Royal Theme\"\" provided to him by a monarch, which eventually resulted in his piece The Musical Offering. The fifth part of another work by this composer contains a solo for virtuoso harpsichord. That work was written for the (*) margrave of a certain city. For 10 points, name this German composer whose works include the organ piece Toccata and Fugue in D minor, The Well-Tempered Clavier, and the Brandenburg Concertos.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f300122d2a364927b3f005328e33161f",
            "input": "He dispatched an army under Corbulo to fight the Parthians in Armenia, but later negotiated peace with that nation. Pisos attempt to overthrow this man was promptly suppressed, and the Great Jewish Revolt also began during this mans reign. The end of his reign was followed by the year of four emperors, and he ordered the execution of his mother Agrippina. For 10 points, identify this madman, a Roman Emperor who and was the successor to Claudius and watched Rome as it burned.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bfaa2d378a045508be737bb631fff8f",
            "input": "A 1998 study by Dr. Peter Eriksson used the marker bromodeoxyuridine to demonstrate that neurogenesis takes place in the dentate gyrus region of this structure. The granule cells of the dentate gyrus project to the large pyramidal cells of this structures Ammons Horn via the mossy fiber system. Damage to this region may result in anterograde amnesia, and it is typically one of the first areas damaged by Alzheimers disease. A recent study found that this region has grown larger in cab drivers who have navigated London for decades, since this area is involved in spatial navigation and memory formation. For 10 points, name this part of the brain which derives its name from the Greek for seahorse.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fefe085076de4c53863dfa15b3f4480a",
            "input": "The optical or refractive type of this quantity is measured in diopters and measures the ability of a device to focus light. A non-standard unit for this quantity is the ton of refrigeration, and in systems with flow, it is equal to the product of flow rate and pressure. Radiative intensity or energy flux is defined as luminosity or this quantity per unit area. In rotational systems, it can be calculated as the dot product of torque and angular velocity, while in kinematics it is simply given by force times velocity. For 10 points, name this physical quantity equal to the work done per unit time, often measured in Watts.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e425b6012b764a8ba133e769c33e3dbc",
            "input": "His 1861 paper On Physical Lines of Force set forth a spinning cell model of electromagnetic induction, and that same year he accidentally showed the worlds first color photograph at a Royal Institution lecture. Other accomplishments include producing a standard for electrical resistance and deducing the particulate nature of Saturns rings. His demon tried to violate the second law of thermodynamics, his distribution is central to statistical mechanics, and his relations equate the second derivatives of thermodynamic potentials. For 10 points, name the Scottish physicist whose equations unified electricity and magnetism.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-806b0d8c07624cdaa3c0ef8f99d22ab6",
            "input": "the real version) The highly finished quality of this artist's oeuvre was influenced by his early training under goldsmith Antonio di Giovanni Dei, later exemplified in the silverwork of his Beheading of St. John the Baptist. The title creature grips a dolphin and stands on one leg in this artist's Winged Putto, (+) while Elena Capretti asserts that his Lady with Primroses was \"the first portrait bust ever to be sculpted with complete arms and hands\". A life-size wooden and leather model earned him the commission for a famous work begun in 1479. In another work, Christ pulls aside his robe to reveal a chest wound to an onlooking saint (*) in a sculpture for a niche at the Orsanmichele, The Incredulity of Saint Thomas. God releases a dove towards Jesus, who is standing in a small pool of water in this artist's Baptism of Christ altarpiece, created with the help of a student. FTP, name this Florentine painter and sculptor of Equestrian Monument to Bartolomeo Colleoni, the teacher of Ghirlandaio, Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-10dd47b46ca541a3899e37c8573e23ff",
            "input": "The electron dipole moment of this particle is at most three times ten to the negative 26th, and would violate CPT-symmetry if it is non-zero. This particle has a half-life of 881 seconds, and can break up into a proton, an electron and an electron antineutrino via beta decay. This particle is composed of one (*) up and two down quarks, and nuclear fission is initiated by the bombardment of this particle. The number of this particle dictates what isotope an atom is, and they have mass roughly equal to that of a proton. James Chadwick discovered, for ten points, what particle found in the nucleus, which, as its name suggests, has a net charge of zero",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd521bf8683e4d0e97c463639a5f01d7",
            "input": "This collection contains the poems \"Farewell to Barn and Stack and Tree\" and \"It nods and curtseys and recovers\". One poem in this collection ends by saying \"I cheer a dead man's sweetheart/never ask me whose. \" Another poem in this collection says that (*) \"The heart of the bosom was never given\" while another notes that one should \"Train for ill and not for good. \" For ten points, identify this collection containing \"When I was one and Twenty\" and \"Terence, this is Stupid Stuff,\" by A. E. Housman.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6a8665b81a942009860847b72f3072f",
            "input": "It was damaged by earthquakes in the 16th and 17th century, and by Operation Husky. It was home to Ibn Hamdis, who was born there during a period of Muslim occupation. Under the leadership of Gelo and later, Hieron, arts flourished, and his theater attracted the \"tenth muse\" and a tragedian who wrote The Women of Aetna in his honor. A colony of Corinth, it waged war with Carthage, only to ally with Carthage against Rome in the Second Punic War. It withstood a Roman siege due, in part, to an inhabitant's Claw, who was killed when the city was finally taken. For 10 points, name this city, where Sappho lived in exile, and home to Archimedes, located on the island of Sicily.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4582b1ec34e8446f87037d8632b9496c",
            "input": "One character in this novel remembers she last saw a man exactly 199 days earlier by referencing her diary in which she catalogues the characters from novels she has read. A man skips the \"bird-chasing\" festival in which children build a ten-foot tall palace to live in for one night. At the end of this novel the protagonist feels as though the Milky Way flows into him after watching a cocoon-warehouse burn down from an accident while it was being used a movie theater. The primary female character lives in the house of a paralyzed music teacher whose ailing son Yukio is nursed by Yoko. This novel's protagonist is an expert on Western ballet and comes to the title region for its hot springs. For 10 points, name this novel in which the geisha Komako falls in the love with the elderly Shimamura, written by Yasunari Kawabata.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f9200bf8563411099d0fea989123986",
            "input": "One photographer from this country took a series of pictures of Grand Central Station with crepuscular rays pouring in from the upper windows. Photographs of the Paris art scene by that man from this country include one of Picasso sitting next to an enormous stove. A A possibly-staged photograph taken by another man from this country shows a soldier in suspenders losing control of a rifle in his outstretched right arm. A Life magazine staffer royally fucked up a series of photos taken by that photographer at Omaha Beach. This country was home to the photographer of The Falling Soldier and The Magnificent Eleven. One photographer from this country created Underwater Swimmer, the artistic predecessor of his Distortion series. This country was home to Robert Capa, as well as the photographer who took the pseudonym Brassai. \"The New Vision\" was a term coined by an artist from this country. For 10 points, name this home of Laszlo Moholy-Nagy and Andre Kertesz.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18376399d0b241419e7013d571a4dcfa",
            "input": "The narrator of this work uses an analogy of hitting a wall to differentiate between the ways intellectual men and direct men enact revenge. During an episode of fever, the narrator visits his superior Anton and sits in silence with him and his family for hours. After a police officer refuses to throw the narrator out of the window of a billiards parlor, he writes a satirical novel about the officer that is rejected because its style is outdated. He calls on an old schoolmate named Simonov, who is holding a farewell dinner for another of their old schoolmates, Zverkov, that he attends. He follows Zverkov to a brothel where he meets the prostitute Liza, who abandons him after he falls in love with her. FTP name this short existential novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f76db6b52f1646a0b9cac70f7a78a919",
            "input": "novel by this author describes Fusha's illegal rubber business and the policeman Lituma, whose wife Bonifacia becomes a prostitute after his arrest. Another work by this author describes Ambrosio Pardo and Santiago Zavalita, who choose to attend a school for the lower class rather than the elite. He wrote about Cava, who breaks a window while stealing a chemistry exam key for The Circle at the Leoncio Prado Military Academy in one novel. Another novel by this author of The (*) Green House and Conversation in the Cathedral contains stories about a rodent exterminator and a soccer referee, which are told on every second chapter, alternating with the semi-autobiographical tale of a young man who fall in love with a much older relative. For 10 points, name this author of The Time of the Hero who created Mario and Pedro Camancho in Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-edd60969bd28439897e02c514d17794e",
            "input": "At a party in the second act of this opera, a group of characters claim to be able to \"read the future in anyone's hand\" in \"Noi siamo zingarelle,\" which is followed by a performance by matadors from Madrid. One character in this opera asks his son who has erased \"the sea and soil of Provence\" from his heart. Two characters in this opera sing the duet \"Un di, felice, eterea,\" after which one gives the other a flower and tells him to return when it wilts. After the latter character leaves, the former sings the cabaletta (*) \"Sempre libera.\" Dumas fils's La Dame aux Camellias served as the basis for Francesco Maria Piave's libretto for this opera. After Baron Douphol refuses to give a toast, this opera's protagonist sings the brindisi \"Libiamo ne' lieti calici\" with her other love interest Alfredo. For 10 points, name this Giuseppe Verdi opera centering on the courtesan Violetta Valery, the title \"fallen woman.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5be827c4d26a4bc5a316de941f17d534",
            "input": "It was first observed in 1933 by its eponymous discoverers in tin and lead specimens. Rather than a sharp boundary at the edge of the sample, there is a gradual decay of the magnetic field across the penetration depth of the material. This is caused by persistent (*) currents which form on the surface of the material as it is cooled below the critical temperature, which completely cancel out the flux inside it, resulting in perfect diamagnetism. It allows the diamagnetic levitation of small items, including live frogs. FTP, name this uniquely defining property of superconductors, a phenomenon characterized by the complete expulsion of a magnetic field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe21e7d9509a4e0086c3e32a54bdfadf",
            "input": "Marpessa chose the mortal Idas over this god, who avenged the death of his child by Coronis. He was forced to serve King Admetus as a slave for killing three Cyclopes. Another of this god's lovers was killed by the jealous Zephyr with a stray discus. This god flayed the satyr (*) Marsyas after a music contest, cursed Cassandra to never be believed, and killed the Python to claim Delphi. This god fiercely defended the honor of his mother Leto with help from his twin sister Artemis. For 10 points, name this Greco-Roman god of prophecy, music, and light.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79782360800049339594a6b406c71383",
            "input": "A student of Antonio Badile and possibly of Gian Francesco Caroto, this man's first commissions involved frescoes and oils in the church and sacristy of St. Sebastiano, where he painted a sequence telling the story of Esther and Ahasuerus. His late decorations for the Sala Collegio of the Doge's Palace include such works as Mars and Neptune and Venus Enthroned with Peace and Justice, and he collaborated with Alessandro Vittoria and Andrea Palladio in his work on the Villa Barbara. More famous are this man's religious paintings, including one for San Giorgio Maggiore depicting The Marriage Feast at Cana, as well as another whose title was changed at the behest of the Inquisition after this man had depicted commoners in what was supposed to be an illustration of the Last Supper. FTP, identify this painter, most famous for his retitled Feast in the House of Levi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1c294f5efb74847a21a83fe9da77824",
            "input": "In a circular work by this artist, golden rays shine down onto six angels surrounding Mary, who cradles Christ as he holds a red fruit. This man depicted the Virgin Mary being crowned as she points to a book. Mars uses a caduceus to get rid of some clouds in another work by this artist of The Madonna of the Pomegranate and The Madonna of the Magnificat. At the left of another painting, this man portrayed three women holding hands in a dance. He painted Zephyr abducting Flora while a woman hands her pink flowered robe to a goddess standing on a seashell. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance painter of La Primavera and The Birth of Venus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-68e889c5ee6842cc9862432917d7ea63",
            "input": "This author began his career with a translation of Anatole Frances Balthasar, and in a semi-autobiographical work named Cogwheels, the narrator turns to Strindberg for respite. A Buddha witnesses a robber's attempts to escape hell in his story The Spider Thread, and in another work, an unemployed man turns to thievery when an old woman arrives at the titular gate. In yet another work, seven characters give seven contradictory accounts concerning the murder of a samurai by the bandit Takehiro, which inspired a film by Akira Kurosawa. FTP, name this author of \"In a Grove\" and \"Rashomon\" who lends his name to Japans highest literary prize.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4600fd9939fe45ccbab017ab225888fe",
            "input": "After watching a boxing match between two angry dwarves, Dan Moore yells Jesus was once a leper! in one story in this collection. In addition to Box Seat, it includes stories about Esther, who loves the mystic King Barlo, and Becky, who is shunned for bearing mulatto sons. Another story in it describes Seventh Street, which infuses black reddish blood into the white and whitewashed wood of Washington, and a white mob burns Tom Burwell alive for killing Bob Stone in its story Blood-Burning Moon. Its authors time in rural Georgia inspired its final section, Kabnis. Beginning with a story describing the beauty of Karintha and a poem about the Black Reapers of the title plant, FTP, name this modernist collection of short stories and poems by Jean Toomer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5d104e40fee414aba31ea759560708d",
            "input": "This composer whose works were collected in the Deutsch catalogue based his Fantasy in C on the theme of his song Der Wanderer. This composer wrote incidental music for a play that developed into his String Quartet No. 13, Rosamunde. This composer wrote a song cycle based on Wilhelm Muller's poems that begins with \"Gute Nacht\" entitled Winterreise. This composer of many piano pieces for four hands wrote a Piano Quintet in A nicknamed \"The Trout.\" For 10 points, name this composer of an \"Unfinished\" eighth symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f74722b3d404b729e63f2a115d4d79d",
            "input": "This phenomenon is used in a technique that uses a phosphor screen and a CCD camera in the specimen chamber of a scanning electron microscope, which images the kikuchi bands of its \"backscatter\" form. In one form of this phenomenon, crystal size is proportional to shape factor over line broadening. With X-rays, it is described by the Scherrer equation and Bragg's law. If the coherence length is smaller than another measure, then two single-slit patterns of this phenomenon overlaid is the same as the double-slit pattern, unlike the interference found by Young. For 10 points, name this optical event in which light propagates past an obstacle, resulting in complex patterns.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6699659f3a442b6bc3bf7d64a882e07",
            "input": "This President began the modern tradition of giving the state of the union address in front of Congress, rather than sending it as a letter. He signed the Underwood Tariff, which lowered tariff rates, as well as the Clayton Anti-Trust Act, a modification of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Henry Cabot Lodge prevented this man from accomplishing his last goal. For 10 points, name this U.S. President during World War I.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-276ffae30cbc470cbda4153a4e9fd4dc",
            "input": "The losers standard-bearer, Sir Percival Thirwall, did not let the banner fall, even though both of his legs had been cut off. Some historians believe that the battle was fought closer to the villages of Dadlington and Stoke Golding. One of the more important casualties was Thomas Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, while real command on the winners side rested with John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Though the battle began well for the loser, the tide turned when Sir William Stanley led his troops into the fray on the side of the winner. FTP identify this battle that saw the end of the house of York when Henry Tudors forces defeated Richard III.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c9465a8ea5a4fd19defc676ba158612",
            "input": "The first references the creators wife, Alice, while the last is dedicated to Edoo. Although another bears the initials of the organist at Hereford Cathedral, George Sinclair, it is believed to have been inspired by Dan, Sinclairs bulldog, as he paddles about in the River Wye. The ninth, which allegedly captures a conversation between the creator and A. J. Jaeger concerning Beethovens slow movements, is entitled Nimrod. The counterpoint to the central theme of the work has could be Rule Britannica or Auld Lang Syne. For 10 points, name this orchestral work which represents how fourteen individuals might play a certain piano piece, written by Edward Elgar.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46f7c65bcc5844ce88634ecfe4ff00e4",
            "input": "For strong solutions, it is generalized as Duhring's Rule, which uses water as a model -- but other electrolytes do not obey it. For it to apply, the activity coefficient must be 1.0, making the solution ideal. When attraction between the solute and the solvent is stronger than the attraction of either substance for itself, the principle applies only imperfectly. FTP, name this principle of chemistry, which states that the mole fraction of a solvent times its vapor pressure in a pure state equals the vapor pressure of the solvent.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bfe06b16c0bc4913afc4807c393c3df2",
            "input": "A statistical-mechanical expression for this property has been developed by Boudh-Hir and Mansoori that is based on the Macleod formula. The dimensionless Weber number is equal to density times velocity-squared times diameter, divided by this value. The Marangoni effect is caused by variations in this property, and the YoungLaplace equation relates the difference in pressure with it. Jaeger's method for calculating its value involves producing a small bubble, and the recently developed drop collapse method uses a smaller volume of sample than the du Nouy ring method. Often measured in Joules per meters squared, it is caused by unbalanced intermolecular forces, and its value is decreased by rising temperatures, in addition to the presence of soaps, detergents, and other surfactants. For 10 points, name this tendency of liquids to reduce their exposed surface, a phenomenon that enables some insects to walk on water.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aab6bf26f9d9467082aba8d9c816061a",
            "input": "This artist depicted the remnants of a tree hanging over the edge of a cliff after a lightning strike in Storm in the Mountains, and he showed a man walking toward the titular structure high on a cliff in The Monastery of San Pedro. His former home Olana is now a tourist site, and no single place inspired the setting of Twilight in the Wilderness. Various trips led to many of his works, including The Icebergs and Falls of Tequendama, as well as images of the volcanos Chimborozo and Cotopaxi. For ten points, name this student of Thomas Cole who painted a famous version of some New York falls in Niagara  and an idealized South American landscape in Heart of the Andes.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5f4f52e417a647f29b5624da4ac10fd5",
            "input": "G. Morin and J.W. Hastings found that it has the same Stokes shift as related versions found in genus Obelia and Renilla. Its discovery by Osamu Shimomura followed up on the work of Frank Johnson. Two different variants of it are used in a FRET procedure, and it is commonly used as the probe in a FRAP assay. Its beta-barrel structure houses a highly conjugated chromaphore that is stimulated by the 470-nanometer emission of apoaequorin, the excited version of aequorin. That stimulation causes conformational changes in a serine-tyrosine-glycine sequence at its center, resulting in light emitted at 508 nanometers. It has been used to easily observe gene or protein expression because it glows its namesake color when exposed to blue light. First isolated from jellyfish of the genus Aequorea, for ten points, name this peptide often used in biological studies.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-13a014eb3da8436d855d94288f3f833b",
            "input": "The Vyazovkin MFK technique allows for the calculation of this quantity in terms of the conversion rate. In the rate-process theory for viscosity developed by Eyring, an analogue of this quantity is measures the formation of \"holes\" which fluid molecules can occupy. For gas phase reactions, this quantity is equal to the enthalpy of formation of the transition state minus 2 RT, and the height of a potential barrier in a reaction profile is analogous to this quantity. It appears in the exponential term of the Arrhenius equation, enzymes and catalysts lower this quantity of a reaction. For 10 points, identify this energy which the reactants must overcome before they can proceed to the products of the reaction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c78f20a3f864050b0f75823822cbc52",
            "input": "One of this composer's operas is based on Alfred de Musset's Namouna. He also completed Fromental Halevy's unfinished opera Noe. He imitated Donizetti's Don Pasquale in an opera which ends with Odoardo marrying Bettina. He wrote the aria \"Comme autrefois,\" in which Leila recalls happier times, for an opera whose characters include a high priest of Brahma named Nourabad. In that opera, Nadir and Zurga sing the duet \"Au fond du temple saint.\" The title character of his most famous opera compares love to a rebellious bird in an Act 1 habanera. In that opera, Escamillo sings an aria usually known as the Toreador Song. For 10 points, name this composer of Don Procopio, The Pearl Fishers and Carmen.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43fcdd4ae55448d5a74ccb1d6d1610c2",
            "input": "This monarch's maritime ambitions towards Indonesia led him to contest Dutch holdings by founding the French East India Company, and he maintained diplomatic ties with Islamic states first established when he had organized a failed takeover of Aragon. This man's predecessor endured the Day of the Barricades, while he governed with the aid of the Duke of Sully after defeating the Duke of Mayenne at Arques. His first wife was spurned in favor of his mistress Gabrielle d'Estrees, who bore this victim of Francois Ravaillac four children. This winner at Ivry wed Marie d'Medici, years after his marriage to Marguerite had helped trigger the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. The victor over Henry of Guise and successor of Henry III, for 10 points, identify this issuer of the Edict of Nantes, who founded the Bourbon dynasty after ending the Wars of Religion.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1feb5f25bc0443528105d48a94659896",
            "input": "Very few people notice the rust colored butterfly that flits above a dark colored dog of indistinguishable breed in this painting. The only person directly facing the viewer is a young girl in a white sundress and hat. She holds the hand of her mother, who is dressed and equipped like all the women in this painting. It's hard to find all seven parasols that appear, but much easier to see the lone monkey and even easier to see the river Seine on the entire top left of the painting. FTP, name this canvas depicted a popular Parisian picnic spot, the pointillist masterpiece of Georges Seraut.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26d326234ac94bd685b99fe4e4eee6fc",
            "input": "In this play, one character inherits a fortune after a millionaire is convinced that he is the \"most original moralist\" of England. In an earlier scene, a young lady pays a shilling in Wimpole Street to be able to work in a flower shop; that character later marries (*) Freddy Eynsford Hill. This play begins in Covent Garden, where an interpreter of Indian dialect, Colonel Pickering, accepts a bet with a phonetics professor that the latter can change a cockney-speaking girl into a proper woman. For ten points, identify this play in which Eliza Doolittle betrays Henry Higgins, written by George Bernard Shaw.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bbac52a470f14224a521d9eb5e86c0a4",
            "input": "Substances exhibiting it can be analyzed by polishing the surface with an appropriate colloidal suspension, producing Bitter patterns. These patterns provide evidence for the \"domain\" theory explaining this property, as does the Barkhausen effect, which holds that it increases in a series of minute jumps as the applied magnetic field is increased. Occurring below the Curie point, FTP, what is this property seen in elements like cobalt, nickel, and iron, in which substances are magnetized by weak magnetic fields",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54f2f22730cd4e2798cff99d03c5de77",
            "input": "The detector employed, called a Faraday box, was mounted on arc so that it could be rotated to observe particles at different angles. Those particles were accelerated from a heated filament with voltage, and the surprising result was interpreted with the Bragg law to give values for the lattice spacing in the nickel crystal. As a result of it de Broglie's hypothesis was confirmed. FTP, name this experiment that confirmed the wave nature of the electron.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-536e17d79e354db18a9396d0111d85a3",
            "input": "In one work by this author, a character disguised as Abbe Dalla Piccola strangles Diana Vaughan to death after impregnating her at a Satanist orgy. In another of his novels, a prostitute is accused of witchcraft by Bernard Gui. This author who wrote about the anti-semitic forger Captain Simonelli also included the allegedly immortal Count Aglee in another novel. Another character of this author deduces the whereabouts of a horse named Brunellus and solves a mystery involving a lost book on comedy by Aristotle. In one novel by this author of (*) The Prague Cemetery, random sentences connected by the computer Abulafia are constructed into The Plan by Belbo and Casaubon. For 10 points, name this author who depicted the creators of a fictional conspiracy theory in Foucault's Pendulum and wrote about Adso of Melk and William of Baskerville in his Name of the Rose.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23292eb0f76e4220a3b70d53fb8a84de",
            "input": "This author's most famous work features a socialist philosopher named Nicholas Schliemann. This author wrote the novel The Presidential Agent, which, like his earlier novel Dragon's Teeth, features the character Lanny Budd. His novel Oil! formed the basis for the film There Will Be Blood. He is best known for a novel about Jurgis Rudkus which was an indictment of the Chicago meat packing industry. For 10 points, name this author of The Jungle.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01d12bfe06944ce48c74e1bc78f4011c",
            "input": "In one work he depicts a crowned virgin Mary standing over the family of Burgomaster Meyer, who are all standing on a wrinkled carpet. In another, a note is posted above a merchant named Gisze, who stares at the viewer while at a table with a vase of pink flowers. He made the pictures for the Erasmus book In Praise of Folly, and Sir Thomas More was another man he painted (*) while in his most famous job. Another work features a lute, an astrolabe, and a distorted skull while 2 men stand in robes. The painter of The French Ambassadors, this is FTP what German born court painter to Britains King Henry VIII",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea26b66436d34f7e93c9df22a36c443e",
            "input": "A 2000 study by P. F. Coogan, et al. states that this chemicalis found to be genotoxic and can bind to estrogen receptors. It is usually synthesized in the presence of zinc chloride or sulfuric acid by the condensation of its namesake (*) anhydride and phenol, and is closely related to triphenylmethane. One of its forms has a charge of negative three due to the removal of two extra hydrogen ions, and occurs only in solutions with pH greater than 12, and in solutions with pH less than 0, it appears orange. It was at one point used as a laxative, where it dyed feces pink. For 10 points, identify this indicator, which is colorless in acids and pink in bases.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc65d470bcee43a8acb8fdcecd88d532",
            "input": "One of this man's building features a cube of white stucco bisected by a black granite plane topped by a golden dome, and another construction features an aerating pool with multiple spray fountains. This creator of the Chapel of St. Basil at the University of St. Thomas also created a building features 'zogs. Besides creating the IDS Center and the PPG Place, his buildings in Fort Worth include a water garden and museum both commissioned by the Amon G. Carter Foundation. He served as consultant for works such as 191 Peachtree Tower, which was completed by his frequent collaborator John Burgee. Also the architect of Robert Schuller's Crystal Cathedral, one of his buildings was criticized for its Chippendale top, and another was a collaboration with Mies van der Rohe. For 10 points, name this architect involved with Seagram Building, also known for his Glass House and the AT&T building.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8c3a13da54048ac8cdfc1565a8840f4",
            "input": "This philosopher was called a \"parcel of atoms jumbled together by chance,\" in a work that attacked him, Dialogues of the Living and the Dead. As a response to Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecall Necessity, this man published a work that sided with the leader of the English Arminians, Archbishop William Laud. One of this philosopher's works discusses a Confederacy of Deceivers, and caused debate with John Bramhall. In addition to writing about The Kingdom of Darkness in the fourth part of that work, this philosopher labels aristocracy, democracy and monarchy as three types of commonwealth, in which the latter is the most desirable, because life is a war of all against all. For ten points, name this pessimistic philosopher that labeled life as solitary, poor, short, nasty and brutish, the English author of Leviathan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d1bd9180e5b46188abab91fefb2d65b",
            "input": "George Meredith's bitter collection Modern Love is composed of works in a modified form of this style. Edmund Spenser's Amoretti is composed of eighty-nine of these, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning wrote a collection of them \"from the Portuguese.\" Works in the English variety of this form can be divided into three quatrains and a couplet, and the Petrarchan type is divided into an octave and a sestet. For 10 points, name these fourteen-line poems.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad362a0853994b1591b4a9fd2deb5fe7",
            "input": "Robertson generalized this statement to any Hermitian operators. One attempted refutation of this statement concerns letting a photon escape, then re-weighing a box named after Einstein. This theorem sets one side equal to the reduced Planck's constant over two, which is less than or equal to the product of a certain function applied to two (*) non-commuting variables, like energy at time. For ten points, identify this theorem, one formulation of which states that both position and momentum of a particle cannot be known simultaneously, formulated by Werner Heisenberg.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7275460ac8d0444fa80647714d4c9da2",
            "input": "This person adapted the passacaglia from Bach's Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich for a theme that appears in the notable chaconne of the last movement of his Fourth Symphony in E minor, while he created twenty-one pieces for piano-four-hands based on folk songs in his Hungarian Dances, and featured two sharp chords to begin his Tragic Overture. His first symphony is often referred to as \"Beethoven's Tenth,\" while another of his works quotes the hymn \"Gaudeamus Igitur\" and was written to commemorate an honorary degree from the University of Breslau. For 10 points, name this composer of Academic Festival Overture and a namesake lullaby.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b13d153ff9e24584ac4124d41867eee8",
            "input": "One character in this opera performs the \"Csardas\" to verify her disguise as a Hungarian countess before stealing her husband's watch to prove his infidelity, and earlier she convinces Alfred to pretend to be her husband and serve his eight-day sentence in jail. In the \"laughing\" song, \"Mein Herr Marquis, ein Mann wie Sie,\" a maid convinces her master that she is actually an actress. While pretending to be Chevalier Chagrin, the jailer, Frank convinces Adele to come home with him where they find Rosalinde arguing with her husband. Falke leads the guests of Prince Orlofsky's ball to witness Baron Eisenstein's reconciliation, in, for 10 points, this operetta by Johann Strauss.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77402aae000d4063b2c1997ead7736bc",
            "input": "This man twice vetoed the McNary-Haugen Act, and his vice president won the Nobel Peace Prize for devising a namesake plan to help stabilize Germany's devastated economy. His Secretary of State, Frank Kellogg, coauthored a plan that prohibited the use of war except as a tool of self defense.This president proclaimed that \"I do not choose to run for president\" while in South Dakota. He earlier gained national prominence when he forcefully ended the Boston Police Strike. For 10 points, name this \"silent\" president of the United States who succeeded Warren Harding in 1923.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-478d97758bc24c958a174173a5233511",
            "input": "This philosopher advocated the adoption of a federal system in Considerations on the Government of Poland. He contrasted the natural and physical types of the title concept in his Discourse on Inequality. He also wrote an epistolary novel subtitled The New Heloise, and a treatise dealing with the education of the titular boy, Emile. His most famous work discusses a society controlled by the general will of its people and asserts that man is born free, but is everywhere in chains. For 10 points, name this French philosopher who wrote The Social Contract.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c86ac8d782a84ca587b526f8b2a7905b",
            "input": "Glaucus of Corinth was torn apart by his own horses as punishment for angering this deity. This figure baked two barley cakes for Charon for a trip to the underworld in an episode where she made he future daughter-in-law fetch wool from deadly golden sheep and sort piles of grains. This figure was unable to stop a boar from castrating and goring one of her lovers, who she shared with Persephone. This nominal wife of Hephaestus and lover of Adonis was born from foam after Uranuss castration and received Eriss Apple of Discord, leading Paris to abduct Helen. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of love.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8cbd7b6b1224dc2a1d999caa996e316",
            "input": "In one work by this composer, the \"Mystic Circles\" movement's melody calls back to the previous movement. An opera by this composer tells the story of Anne Truelove and Tom and is based on a William Hogarth painting series. This composer of The Rake's Progress created a ballet with a \"Berceuse\" before its finale. In that work, an \"Infernal Dance\" is performed by Kashchei. One of this man's ballets opens with a high register bassoon solo, and nearly caused a riot at its premiere because of provocative choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky and the near-atonal music. For 10 points, name this composer of The Firebird and The Rite of Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4865f831fe224e9a87fba94644ef8143",
            "input": "This rulers inscription at Nakshi Rustam, where his tomb is located, is believed to mention his trade with Carthage, while his inscription at Suez mentions his building a canal from the Nile to the Red Sea, and his inscription at Behistun seeks to legitimate his rule. According to Herodotus, he came to power because his horse was the first to neigh at dawn. Admirals under his command included the explorer Scylax, who sailed the Indus, as well as Datis, who was defeated at a land battle by Miltiades, halting a military campaign which would be continued by this mans son, as well as by Mardonius. Preceded by Psuedo-Smerdis and Cambyses I, this is, FTP, what Persian King who launched the first expedition against Greece",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-04dd4f520cb74db0bd664f6c4d1b8b10",
            "input": "One story involving this figure, who disappears at the end of Dvapara Yuga, involves him making his friend rich by magically replacing rice with flakes of gold, while in another account he saves his home town from an invasion by enacting a mass migration. Early in his life, he tamed the serpent Kaliya. Other exploits attributed to this figure include killing the demoness (*) Putana and his uncle Kamsa, and defying Indra by banning his town's yearly ritual. This possessor of a famous conch was smuggled as an infant from a prison by his adoptive parents, Yasoda and Nanda, despite his royal birth to Devaki and Vasudeva. FTP, name this Hindu figure, the eighth avatar of Vishnu, who in his most famous role counseled the Pandava prince Arjuna in the Bhagvada Gita.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a03dd2899fa945448ab52bac69ab2a11",
            "input": "This mathematical object can be approximated with the Lanczos formula and represented in the Weierstrass form. The Legendre duplication formula gives the relationship between this function for an argument and for twice that argument, and its product with itself is given by the Gauss multiplication formula. It can be defined through a power series whose kth coefficient is proportional to the Riemann zeta function evaluated at k. Its values for half-integer arguments are proportional to the square root of pi and, as a function of z, it is typically given as the integral from 0 to infinity of t to the z minus 1, times e to the minus t, dt. FTP, identify this mathematical function; a generalization of the factorial to the complex numbers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8345fc241b3d40f6b37909868754cacc",
            "input": "In an air column with one end closed, the wavelength of the first harmonic equals this multiple of the length of the air column. The magnetic permeability constant equals this coefficient of pi times ten to the negative seventh, and a typical Wheatstone bridge contains this many (*) resistors. The Stefan-Boltzmann law relates the power of blackbody radiation to this power of temperature. Maxwell names a set of this many equations governing electromagnetism, which is one out of this many fundamental forces in nature. For ten points, identify this number equal to the atomic mass of an alpha particle, which contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-59659b99cf064bdda9fac628742fc68e",
            "input": "One of this authors novels features a character that says Behold I dreamed a dream and I saw a new Earth sacred to HAPPINESS. That character is simply referred to as the Dreamer, and the protagonist of that novel works at the Happier Hunting Grounds which is contrasted with the Whispering Glades, where the titular phrase of that novel is used to refer to corpses. In that novel by this author, the protagonist vies with Mr. Joyboy for the love of Aimee in California. In another novel, Mr. Baldwin goes onto the roof of the Pension Dessler by parachute. In that novel, John Boots assignment is given to (*) William, who goes to Ishmaelia. Another novel ends with one character marrying Jock Grant-Menzies, and its protagonist stranded with Mr. Todd unable to return to Hetton Abbey. For 10 points, name this author that wrote about Denis Barlow in his The Loved One, also the author of Scoop and A Handful of Dust.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac1bcefefde64c40b93af39111aa20e5",
            "input": "This author wrote that \"the hues of bliss more brightly glow/chastised by sabler tints of woe\" in one poem, and he asked \"Oh! Lyre divine, what daring Spirit/Wakes thee now\" in his \"The Progress of Poesy. \" He also described \"sorrow's piercing dart\" in a poem which ends by noting that \"where ignorance is bliss/tis folly to be wise. \" Another of his poems says that \"pensive Selima reclined\" and \"purr's applause\" before \"she tumbled headlong in. \" For 10 points, name this author of \"Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College\" and \"On a Favorite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes,\" who wrote about \"paths of glory\" and \"ignoble strife\" in \"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1fe9500c17444d1db7f85c97bddc6fa2",
            "input": "This thinker's first work was published while a professor at the University of Halle, and was entitled Philosophie der Arithmetik. His most important contribution to philosophy was considered solipsistic by others, so he attempted to show how individual consciousness can be applied to other minds and history in Cartesian Meditations. His most important idea involved \"bracketing existence\" in contemplating an object, providing a means of describing \"things themselves. \"  FTP, identify this German philosopher and author of Ideas: A General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c9c11427e9d466281865d7435e00b66",
            "input": "The speaker of one work by this author observes the \"little promontory\" on which the titular creature stood. In one of his works, a boy is brought to tears by the \"he-birds\" calls for his lost mate, and repeatedly makes out the word \"death\" from the rustling of the ocean. The speaker of another of his poems declares that he sees the \"clouds of the west\" and the \"flood tide below [him]\" face to face, while the speaker of his most famous work states that \"what [he] assumes, you shall assume\" after proclaiming that he celebrates himself. For 10 points, name this American poet whose poems \"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry\" and \"Song of Myself\" appear in Leaves of Grass.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-063fd97ed2d74177bb973c573909ff4f",
            "input": "In one scene of this work, a gravedigger unearths the skull of Yorick. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern were sent along with the titular character to England, who met Prince Fortinbras as his army marches toward Poland. Ophelia drowns to death and Laertes, urged on by Claudius, swears to avenge her death in a fencing match, only to see the plan fall apart as Gertrude mistakenly drinks the poisoned wine and everyone dies in the end. For 10 points, identify this Shakespearean play in which the titular character gives the \"To Be, or Not To Be\" monologue.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43f0aac4c1ca4b09b3b46f9bc402920f",
            "input": "First demonstrated in 1799, one proof uses the result that entire, bounded, complex functions are constant. The original proof is a topological one using polynomials in the complex plane and was Gauss's doctoral thesis. For ten points, what result states that complex polynomials of degree \"n\" can be factored into \"n\" linear, complex factors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-43f03d5fb3294eeba3f3a1b56ddc2fb5",
            "input": "Gerard de Nerval's poem \"El Desdichado\" takes its title from the motto of a character in this work, and Charles Chesnutt's House Behind the Cedars is a retelling of it. Hilarity ensues when two characters try to ask Gurth and Wamba for directions, but they are led down the right path by the title character. That character and a moneylender then travel to Ashby de la Zouche, where they meet the Black Sluggard. After leaving Ashby de la Zouche the title character and his party are captured and imprisoned in Torquilstone castle, where Brian des Bois-Guilbert attempts to force Rebecca to convert to Christianity. However, the Black Sluggard teams up with Robin Hood and storms the castle. The title character then fights a duel to rescue Rebecca and ultimately marries his true love, Rowena. FTP name this novel about a disinherited knight by Sir Walter Scott.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70c56e13b46946b4b0e9d3d3988dfe69",
            "input": "One character in this work faints after being chased by a snake; upon awakening, that character is shown a picture of his future love. Monostatos is the servant of a man who sings \"O Isis und Osiris\" in this opera, and in this opera, three women place a padlock over the mouth of a bird-catcher and give him enchanted bells. This opera features the coloratura aria \"Der Holle Rache.\" The protagonist of this opera is ordered to remain silent by [*] Sarastro as part of the trials he undergoes with Papageno, and in this opera, the Queen of the Night is Pamina's mother. Featuring Tamino's use of a special musical instrument, for 10 points, name this Mozart opera.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c322fbbe0b9b4977a8dc0fe528e2bd29",
            "input": "Geoffrey Wain tries to blame a military defeat in this war on his nephew Neil Macrae in Hugh MacLennans novel Barometer Rising. Stepan Astakhovs life is saved during this war by his rival, the Cossack Gregor Melekhov, in Mikhail Sholokhovs novel And Quiet Flows the Don. The aftermath of this conflict is depicted in The Road Back, a sequel to a novel which also features the character Tjaden. In that novel, the schoolmaster (*) Kantorek encourages his students to fight in this war, where they meet the scheming corporal Himmelstoss. Kemmerich and Kat also die in that novel, which ends with the death of Paul Baumer. For 10 points, name this conflict, the setting of Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the Western Front.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f76635ef6a3d4ebc9c82ff16245d8e71",
            "input": "This man's lithographs include one of Punchinello in the House of Death as well as macabre works like Electrocution and The Law is Too Slow. The drawings he created for John Reed's story about the evangelist Billy Sunday were used as the basis for his painting The Sawdust Trail. He painted dreamy landscapes like Romance of Autumn and Summer Fantasy in his later career, and his drawing Why Don't They Go to the Country for a Vacation was the frontispiece for an issue of The Masses and was used as a study for his 1913 painting (*) Cliff Dwellers. He came to fame for depictions of polo scenes and paintings like Both Members of This Club, which prefigured his most famous painting of men boxing. For 10 points, name this American painter of the Ashcan school, best known for Stag at Sharkey's.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94800302440d4c538ca8df3288db2ecc",
            "input": "This painter showed a woman looking at the apparition of a head appearing above a lion-clothed man, who steps over a crown and putto in the Allegory of Wisdom and Strength. He included The Triumph of Mordecai and The Banishment of Vashti in his History of Esther series. Dogs line the foreground of another work in which a man bowing a viola d'amore stands in front of a star-haloed Jesus, who has just created the wine being poured on the right. This artist painted a similarly crowded scene for the Basilica di Santi Giovanni e Paolo, but was forced to have its title changed from \"The Last Supper\" by the Inquisition. For 10 points, name this Italian painter who created Wedding at Cana and Feast in the House of Levi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f54f047bcf464af989652c2b41b42061",
            "input": "By the time he was eight, this man could read verses in Latin bestowed upon him by Erasmus, as well as works written in Greek and French. He also was a great patron of music and the arts, with musicians like Thomas Wyatt and artists like Hans Holbein at his future court. On the death of his older brother, this man married his widow, Catherine of Aragon. FTP name this second Tudor king of England, known for his six wives.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ecf03e2998354b8d9c6b860ed2c6d8e6",
            "input": "This man created a theory of distribution based on marginal productivity, and, along with Daniel Bernoulli, he derived an equation for the torque on a thin elastic beam. He found all even perfect numbers and his phi-function is the number of smaller positive integers relatively prime to a number. With Lagrange, he derived the calculus of variations, while his angles specify the orientation of a rigid body. For ten points, name this Swiss mathematician and possible namesake of the number e.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9ac43302e0941818b63ba6fc94ca409",
            "input": "In this mans General Natural History, he expanded on Swedenborgs Nebular Hypothesis for the formation of the Solar System. He wrote about the nature of ratiocination in The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures Proved. He argued for an a priori morality in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, and claimed that Dar[ing] to know! was the answer to Zollners question in the essay What is Enlightenment, both works written after Hume awoke him from his dogmatic slumber. For 10 points, name this philosopher who argued for a priori truth in his Critique of Pure Reason.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4b3680f98764f01849e37add2cbbffe",
            "input": "Usually included in this man's collected works are his letters to Count Toreno on a common subject. He proposed a choice between conflicting Christian religions in \"Not Paul, but Jesus,\" a work written under the name Gamaliel Smith and edited by Francis Place. He discussed certain Anarchical Fallacies in a work by that name, and hired Edwin Chadwick as a secretary late in life, long after more adventurous works like Auto-Icon; Or, Farther Uses of the Dead to the Living and his treatise on education Chrestomathia. He's better known for proposing pain and pleasure as sovereign masters of the body in Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. An advocate of the \"greatest happiness for the greatest number,\" FTP, name this English founder of utilitarianism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a999fc361c742bd97d3c125975b323c",
            "input": "In stars it occurs when entropy increases outward. Its efficiency is measured by the Nusselt number and it's usually parameterized by a mixing-length theory which treats parcels of buoyant fluid. It occurs throughout low-mass stars and in the outer 30 percent by radius of the Sun where the magnetic field is connected to the associated fluid motions. For ten points, name this method of heat transfer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-315b61179c864d9fa7e49a2fb45b85a8",
            "input": "A Tunisian legend holds that this man converted to Islam and gave his name to the village of Sidi Bou Said. Taking to heart his mother's words, \"I would rather see you dead at my feet than guilty of a mortal sin,\" he founded the Quinze-Vingt for 300 blind men and purchased the Crown of Thorns and a fragment of the True Cross from Baldwin II. His military exploits included leading an army that captured Damietta, though his brother Robert of Artois was killed and he was taken prisoner after the Battle of al-Mansurah, as recounted by this man's biographer Joinville. A leader of the Seventh Crusade who died on the Eighth Crusade in 1270, FTP, name this long-reigning French monarch, the only one to be canonized.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5813d7fa315422eaf78a1d993d3608e",
            "input": "Witten showed that the supergravity action for black holes in anti-de Sitter space behaves like this quantity in the dual field theory, where at high temperatures conformal invariance dictates that it scales as temperature to the fourth. One obtains it by a Legendre transformation, after which the entropy is now realized as the negative partial derivative of it with respect to temperature. It is given by - T log Z, where Z is the canonical partition function. It is equal to E minus T S. FTP, what is this thermodynamic quantity, differing from the similarly named Gibbs quantity by a PV term",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b72ba7d4d0f401eb6b3add7dcfd7375",
            "input": "This person wrote an essay critical of the \"interpretation of consciousness\" position he credited to Hamilton, and lambasted self-abnegation and the preoccupation with consensus in \"Auguste Comte and Positivism\", calling the latter author a \"liberticide\". He added to Avicenna's techniques of induction the method of residues, and in the same work argued that \"all inference is from particulars to particulars\". He insisted that men are themselves corrupted and unable to function civically due to the title concept of The Subjection of Women, deriving his objections to it from the same fundamentals that led to the \"very simple principle\" of his On Liberty. Who was, for 10 points, this English naturalistic philosopher who redefined the title school of ethics in his Utilitarianism",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-086b14210bf34507b5d1dbabde5367d3",
            "input": "During this man's reign, the Gregorian law code was issued, while his economic reforms included the creation of seven new mints and instituting the iugum and capitatio taxes. His armies put down the Bagaudae revolt in Gault, the attempts of Achilleus and Domitius Domitianus to make Egypt independent, and the British usurper Carausius. This issuer of the Edict of Maximum Prices won a battle for supremacy at the (*) Margus. He rose to power after executing Aper, supposedly fulfilling a prophecy about killing a boar, during a campaign against Persia in which Numerian died mysteriously. After disposing of his rival Carinus, he established Sirmium, Trier, Milan and Nicomedia as subsidiary capitals. Lactantius was not a big fan of one of this man's policies, and he built a palace at Split in Croatia that he retired to. This emperor installed Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius Chlorus to high positions, and he instigated a major purge of Christians. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor who resolved the Crisis of the Third Century by creating the augustus-caesar system or tetrarchy.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56c0018650f84d35a1df32a8dbad955f",
            "input": "The longitudinal coefficient of this phenomenon and its quadratic dependence can be accounted for by the Preisach Model. A form of Saint-Venants Principle may be applied to the helical and linear forms of this effect. It results in strain directly proportional to applied field and not proportional to the square of the field like electrostriction, its converse process. Seen prominently in barium titanate and tourmaline, and other ceramics lacking inversion centers, it was discovered in Rochelle salts by the Curie brothers. The opposite of mechanical distortion, FTP, name this effect exemplified by the production of voltage across the face of a quartz crystal in response to applied stress.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e969474de05843e6a3a4a9c79e6a8c55",
            "input": "_One monster in the folklore of this modern-day country produces a loud cry when far away and a soft one when close. Rapists get their genitals clawed out by those spirits of women who died in childbirth. Robert Wilson produced a theatrical adaptation of a creation myth from this country, in which a class of transvestite priests separate two humans despite the fact that they were intended to repopulate the Earth. In a more famous myth from this country, earthquakes happen because a boar (+)_ carrying the Earth on its back scratched its itch against a palm tree. A serpent wraps itself around a gigantic mountain to transport it to freely floating island in an even more prominent myth from this country. Clown servants advise the five Pandawas and ninety-nine Karawas in this country's ripoff version of the Mahabharata, which has seen myriad adaptations for (*) wayang theatre. The folklore of the Bugi, the Asmat, the Toraja, the Batak, the Dayak, and the Sunda comprise this country's myth system. For 10 points, name this country whose myths describe the creation of islands like Sumatra.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01354af3eedb44bfb0fc59dabdacb77d",
            "input": "This ruler was denied the help of Dhana, and this ruler was was able to secure the alliance of Parvatka, which helped him to defeat the general Bhadrasala. This man conquered Assam, and this man was the recipient of the Ambassador Megasthenes. This mans advisor Chanakya wrote the Arthashastra and helped this ruler come to power, and this man fought Eudemus and Peithon as part of his general campaign to rid northwestern India of Alexandrian rulers. That campaign also included this rulers defeat of Seleucus Nicator. Bindasaura succeeded this man, who converted to Jainism and starved himself to death. For ten points, identify this grandfather of Ashoka, who defeated the Nanda dynasty to found the Mauryan dynasty in India.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dcc132a92db844a18f0c5193b7460214",
            "input": "Robert Cook published an influential work on this figure and her children. Born at Mount Sipylus to a certain Lydian king and the goddess Dione, she was the sister of Broteas. She is represented in the third movement of Britten's Six Metamorphoses after Ovid, and her tears are mentioned in Hamlet's Act 1 soliloquy. Chloris, Ogygia, Phaedimus, Eudoxa and Damisichthon were some of her numerous children, whose father was Amphion. In one version of the myth, she is the daughter of Assaon, who burned all her children to death after she refused to commit incest with him. The sister of Pelops and daughter of Tantalus, for 10 points, name this grieving figure turned into a rock after watching Apollo and Artemis slaughter her 14 children.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d72d92b499d342c0b57f8606341ff371",
            "input": "An author from this country wrote about The Maniac, who impersonates a judge in Accidental Death    of an Anarchist. Another author from this country wrote of a boy who steals a Nazi's gun in The Path  to the Nest of Spiders. Another writer from this country wrote about interruptions to a production of   a play by characters such as the Father and the Mother in Six Characters in Search of an Author. A  series of one hundred tales is told in another work from this country called The Decameron. Identify  this country, the home of Dario Fo, Italo Calvino, Luigi Pirandello, and Boccaccio [boh-KAHT-choh].",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e7f92bf626c04f3099d97ec7f45f6541",
            "input": "This composer's wrote the music to the film Coal Face and songs such as \"On this Island\", \"Ballad of Heroes\", and \"Our Hunting Fathers\". In addition to his collaborations with W. H. Auden, this man who set \"Out on the lawn I lie in bed\" and \"Sumer Is Icumen In\" as part of his Spring Symphony also wrote a work comissioned for the re-opening of Coventry Cathedral which intersperces Latin texts with the poetry of Wilfred Owen. His most famous piece, based on a Rondeaux from Abdelazar, ends with a fugue and includes narration introducing instruments from the flute to the whip. For 10 points, name this British composer of War Requiem who used a theme of Henry Purcell for his The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-108a38837f5f49b787548d0bb3f025c2",
            "input": "In one of this author's stories, Joe buys molasses candy for his wife with a fake gold coin, which was earlier used by the ice-cream man Otis Slemmons to seduce Joe's wife Missie May Banks. Besides \"The Gilded Six-Bits,\" this author wrote about Jim Meserve raping Arvay Hensen Meserve under a sacred (*) mulberry tree in one book. The protagonist of another novel divorces Lucy and remarries Hattie Tyson, which leads to a scandal that costs John Pearson his job as a preacher at Zion Hope. In addition to Seraph on the Suwannee and Jonah's Gourd Vine, in she wrote a novel in wich a rabid dog bites Tea Cake, forcing the protagonist to shoot him, after moving in with Joe Starks in Eatonville. For 10 points, name this African-American author, who wrote about Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b94ebb92a7bb413c9535d34ac41f13e0",
            "input": "William Edgett Smith wrote a biography of this man titled We Must Run While They Walk. This man was opposed by his advisor Oscar Kambona on some of his policies, and he formed Chama Cha Mapinduzi, also known as the Party of the Revolution, which he continued to lead for five years after stepping down as president. This man appointed Ali Hassan Mwinyi as his successor, and he later backed Benjamin Mkapa as president over Jakaya Kikwete. This man was instrumental in the coup which brought France-Albert Rene to power in Seychelles, and also in installing Yusuf Lule as president of a bordering nation. The concept of ujamaa formed the basis of this man's socialist ideas, which were laid out in the Arusha Declaration, and his forces toppled the regime of Idi Amin in Uganda. For 10 points, name this African leader, the first President of Tanzania.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c2b39beb4be427c8125d8ea24420f4c",
            "input": "This compound can be made by the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol or with phenol in the cumene hydroperoxide process. Its 56 degree Celsius boiling point and infinite solubility in water has made this simplest aliphatic ketone industrially important. For ten points, name this solvent, also called 2-propanone, having formula CH3 COCH3.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40db8c5d4f524b73b6a7ba5ea70df1be",
            "input": "While establishing himself, he ruthlessly put down the rebellion of Mirza Hakim, as well as setting up his group of nava-rathna, or nine gems. He maintained a roving court, after trying to set up at Fatehpur Sikir, and part of this rulers territory was contested by Sikandar Sur and another part by the Hindu general Semu. Among his regents was Bayram Khan, and among his conquests were Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Bengal. His religious tolerance was evidenced by his repeal of the jirza tax on non-Muslims, and his establishment of the Din-i-llahi or Divine Faith. For ten points, name this Mughal emperor, grandson of Babur.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a33114135a141a09b304b8e1896ee17",
            "input": "In this novel, Lankes takes a coin from his left pocket and puts it in his right whenever he borrows a cigarette, and an attendant at the Maritime Museum commits suicide by impaling himself on the mast of the \"Niobe\" after falling in love with its wooden figurehead. Vittlar's testimony inadvertently implicates the protagonist in a murder after he finds the severed ring finger of Sister Dorothea. The protagonist of this novel plays in \"The Onion Cellar\" with Klepp and Scholle in a troupe of dwarves, can shatter glass with his scream, and refuses to grow after age three. For 10 points, name this novel in which Oskar Matzerath refuses to give up the title instrument, by Gunter Grass.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f1074a2c5f3408e9f5429d9a39ea69b",
            "input": "This artist included depictions of the three Virtues in his design for the tomb of Antipope John XIII. He supposedly yelled \"Speak!\" at a bald statue he made of Habakkuk, which was nicknamed Zuccone and is located outside the Orsanmichelle. An unusually haggard wooden depiction of the title woman comprises this artist's Magdalene Penitent. This man sculpted an (*) equestrian statue of Erasmo da Narni, who was nicknamed the Honeyed Cat, or Gattamelata, while his best known work shows the title figure holding the sword of Goliath. For 10 points, name this Renaissance sculptor, whose version of the David is bronze.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80c77b37d7a341dda33e462aa9f6b67f",
            "input": "The application of this process to electron-poor heteroaromatic hydrocarbons yields a Shapiro-type reaction product, and it may be used in stereospecific deuterium labeling. In a potassium decylate system, the addition of crown ethers accelerates the rate of this reaction. A variation of this reaction that gives rise to allylic alcohols is known as the Wharton reaction, while a one-pot variation of this reaction in ethylene glycol is known as the Huang-Minlon modification. Under strongly acidic conditions, its counterpart the Clemmenson reaction proceeds. FTP name this reaction with a hydrazone intermediate which reduces a carbonyl to an alkane by boiling it in a basic solution, named for two chemists.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b61743a67ac427e98ba75051164dd24",
            "input": "One theory due to this person explains a characteristic minus-five-thirds wave number energy spectrum by positing the accumulation of Fourier modes in turbulent flows. This scientist's name is on that theory along with that of the man who discovered the phase space structures that explain it, which are bifrucations corresponding to period doubling. This physicist discovered that, at a value of the renormalized rest energy times e to the six pi squared over flavor number times renormalized coupling constant squared, the (*) coupling constant for an interaction becomes singular. This man's work with liquid helium II earned him a Nobel for his research into superfluidity, and he lends his name to the slowing of Langmuir waves over time in a plasma, his namesake \"damping. \" FTP, name this physicist who minimized the superconductor free energy in an order parameter to obtain a phenomenological theory of superconductivity named for him and Ginzberg.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eaa5000398ad4777b700925d40d24a04",
            "input": "During this battle, a bayonet charge by the 20th Maine, led by Joshua Chamberlain, helped defend one important hill. Besides Little Round Top, other areas of contest included Devil's Den and the Peach Orchard. The decisive action in this battle was a failed assault on Cemetery Ridge known as Pickett's Charge. For 10 points, name this Union victory after which Abraham Lincoln gave a namesake \"address.\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bf9475402874a929ffdd5b7c55f5054",
            "input": "He wrote a novel, Hebdomeros, the Metaphysician, which was published alongside the story Monsieur Dudrons Adventure. He depicted as Orpheus the poet of The Mirabeau Bridge and The Bestiary, while another work features an exaggerated bust of David juxtaposed with an orange glove. Similarly, a bust of Moses is depicted next to pineapples and bananas in Le Reve Transforme, which also features a train and his characteristic line of curved archways. A flagged tower is the subject of his Nostalgia of the Infinite, but better-known is a work depicting a girl with a hoop going up the titular roadway. FTP name this artist of Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87af2521278c444196af04c20859f9c2",
            "input": "While staying in Darstadt, he almost completely gave up music, only writing some concertos and the operetta Abu Hassan. His Konzertstuck for piano and orchestra is still played but not as popular as his piano solo Invitation to the Dance. This composer's musical career began with his Opus 1, Sechs Fughetten, which he wrote while being trained by Michael Haydn, brother of Joseph. His fame rests on three operas, and one anecdote relates how he learned English for his commission for one of them, Oberon, which followed 1823's Euryanthe. FTP, name this German best known for his opera Der Freischutz.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be120d2a4c24402f8047d3898d3db555",
            "input": "Tangier's disease leads to irregular export of this molecule from macrophages due to defective ABCA1 protein transporters. Overexpression of Rab9 can lead to restoration of its transport in NPC1-deficient cells and the StAR protein controls its transfer within the mitochondria. Mevalonate and squalene are precursors to this molecule that is prevalent in mammalian plasma membranes. Levels of it can be reduced with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, which are commonly called statins, an example of which is the drug Lipitor. For 10 points, name this steroid that attaches to lipoproteins such as HDL and LDL.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00167b86db8a491381bcd511a64f396f",
            "input": "Molecules can only be used effectively for this purpose when they are above their Krafft temperature,   and low concentrations of these form a layer named for Irving Langmuir and Katharine Blodgett. These substances are often added to fluids flowing through pipes to prevent corrosion, and they are  added to windows and lenses to prevent them from fogging up. William Griffin and J. T. Davies  devised measurements of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of these substances, based on the fact  that molecules of these chemicals have soluble and insoluble ends. Name these chemicals, used in  soaps, which lower surface tension.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-137a84f7b799448fb8ededb7db68e71c",
            "input": "These things are commonly formed in vadose zones. Their cross-sectional area can be found using Darcy's Equation. Two notable ones in the United States are called the Mahomet and Ogallala. Pressure causes water to flow from them in an artesian well. For 10 points, name these porous rock formations that store ground water.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a2dbe988038545d29875efcd9c9a97d8",
            "input": "This artist depicted his girlfriend sitting on a bench on the beach near Dieppe in the painting By the Seashore. This artists paintings of Suzanne Valadon include Girl Braiding Her Hair and Dance at Bougival. A white-faced woman in a black-and-white striped dress gazes at the viewer while the man next to her looks off at an angle through opera glasses in his La Loge, also known as The Theater Box. Another of his paintings shows Gustave Caillebotte sitting backwards in a chair while this mans future wife Aline Charigot plays with a dog at a table in a balcony of the Maison Fournaise. For 10 points, name this Impressionist who depicted a Sunday evening at a restaurant in Montmartre in Bal du Moulin de la Gallette and also painted Luncheon of the Boating Party.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2179aee4eb924fa28d67facec5a9dad9",
            "input": "In astronomy, the Toomre Q parameter is inversely proportional to this property of a gas surface. The LaneEmden equation contains a theta term raised to some index, where the theta term measures this quantity. Polytropes are solutions to that equation in which pressure is dependent upon this quantity. Structures that are named after this quantity are driven by orbital resonances that are multiples of the forcing frequency, which is a Lindblad resonance. Lin and Shu proposed that those structures of this name solve the winding problem of the arms of spiral galaxies. The escape velocity for an object equals the speed of light when this quantity is equal to mass divided by the volume of a sphere given by the corresponding Schwarzschild radius. For 10 points, identify this quantity, often designated rho, that is extremely high for black holes, because matter has been squeezed together so tightly.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b13b427011b4467b23aae3e5f8b1c36",
            "input": "He developed the \"chicken-claw\" floor plan for his theorized \"Cartesian skyscraper. \" His buildings include the Curuchet House in Argentina, and he and Nicolai Kolli designed Moscow's Tsentrosoyuz Building. His three furniture types include \"type-needs\" and \"human-limb,\" and he helped reconstruct the port of Marseilles, which included his first Unite d'Habitation. He enumerated his \"five points\" in his Towards a New Architecture, and other works of his include a concrete church in Ronchamp and a house mounted on piloti, typical of his International Style. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect of the Notre Dame du Haut and the Villa Savoye.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f7c44902fb1476f970506da79edacbf",
            "input": "Very early in this playwrights career, he had moderate success with I Rom and a play about the religious reformer Olaus Petri. One of his plays treats the theme of never knowing if your father is really your father, and features the characters of the Captain and Bertha. This author wrote a play about Arkenholz entitled The Ghost Sonata, and after an experience known as his Inferno, he also wrote one simply entitled A Dream Play. In one of this mans best known plays, one of the characters dreams of robbing a birds nest of its eggs. That character, Jean, triumphs over the title character, a member of the third sex. For ten points, identify this native of Stockholm, a playwright most notable for Miss Julie.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3dfa7a73cef448e6985fdad4f1d2979d",
            "input": "One of this philosopher's thought experiments sparked the introduction of the quus function. An extended quote from Augustine's Confessions that illustrates the power of words opens one of his books, which considers the example of a man who has a note reading \"five red apples.\" This man's doctoral dissertation consisted of (*) seven parts and introduced its author's logical atomism. That work by this thinker states \"The world is all that is the case.\" This man used the \"beetle in the box\" thought experiment to consider whether a private language is consistent with reality in his book Philosophical Investigations. For 10 points, name this Austrian philosopher who wrote Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22ad8f303c3e4aae9480d8636ab5dfc7",
            "input": "The principle of equalization of this quantity states that for a chemical compound, this quantity is the geometric mean of that of the compound's constituent elements. That principle was developed by Sanderson, who defined this quantity as an atom's (*) electron density divided by its expected electron density. Mulliken defined this quantity as the arithmetic mean of the first ionization energy and electron affinity. The square root of the ionic resonance energy is the definition of this quantity provided by Linus Pauling. For 10 points, name this ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a bond.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aac10d260f2247bfa69b523343175d9f",
            "input": "This collaborater of Colonel Seves achieved a great triumph in the Citadel massacre. This man's ambissions led Mahmud II to accept Russian mediation which led to the Peace of Kutahia, but he finally achieved virtual independence from his sovereign following the Battle of Nizip in 1839. His son Ibrahim won a great victory at Konya but was defeated at by a combined Russian, British, and French force at Navarino. Famous for destroying the Mamelukes, FTP, name this Albanian-born viceroy of Egypt, who ruled it from 1805 to 1848.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dcb9318b49f344679f2cd374f3e4b616",
            "input": "One story tells of his encounter with the nymph Carna, who beguiled suitors into a cave but ran away after promising to make love to them. However, this god caught her, after which she granted him her favors, for which he gave her the power to chase away vampires. His son Tiberinus gave the river Tiber its name after drowning in it. After Tarpeia betrayed the Romans to the Sabines, he saved the Romans by flooding the gates; appropriate, since he was the god of gates and doors, as well as beginnings and endings. FTP, who was this Roman god best known for having two faces",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7e8a2e5a5e2643eb835c8030d01f70dd",
            "input": "This quantity can be calculated for water with the Arden Buck equation, which is a recent improvement over the Goff-Gratch equation. Thermogravimetry can be used to calculate this value for solids, and it is related to the molar volume, surface tension, and droplet radius in the Kelvin equation. Another equation relates two values of this quantity to the enthalpy of vaporization and temperature, and is named for Clausius and Clayperon, while this value is modified by mole fractions of species in solution in Raoult's Law. For 10 points, name this measure of a liquid's tendency to evaporate, which, when it exceeds atmospheric pressure, results in boiling.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-812b77dff36641fca380247be07ad93e",
            "input": "The king was almost convinced to aid the Dutch in their rebellion against rival Spain. The Queen Mother saw France in no position to intervene. So she came up with a plan. She invited dozens of nobles to her niece's wedding, and pressured her son, Charles IX, to get rid of them all. De Coligny, Henri de Navarre, and hundreds of Protestant nobles and peasants were butchered in chaos which would spread throughout France and effectively diminish the strength of the French Reformation. For ten points, give the name this outburst of violence.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-474f32f5a8024921b180f89563e961fa",
            "input": "One event in this conflict involved the attempted peaceful extrication of a ruler from a house in which hundreds of members of the retrieving force were killed, also known as the Skirmish of Bender. One treaty signed during this war handed over its instigator, the Livonian Johann Patkul, and replaced Augustus the Strong on the throne. That treaty of Altranstadt forced Poland to stop fighting in this war. A battle in this war taking place west of the Vorskla River saw 17,000 Swedes lose to an army that underwent great modernization following its defeat at Narva in this war. For 10 points, name this conflict ended by the Treaty of Nystad which included the battle of Poltava and which pitted Charles XII against Peter the Great.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30345b58ca2340eeb863ddc01388187e",
            "input": "A skeleton steers a boat with a yellow sail in this artist's painting Death at the Helm. This artist depicted a ghostly girl in white, a naked woman with red hair, and an ashen-faced woman wearing a black robe in Woman in Three Stages. His self portraits include ones after Spanish influenza and with a skeletal arm, and he portrayed a woman with a red halo in his painting Madonna. Three figures in black suits and huge eyes appear in his painting Anxiety, whose undulating red sky also appears in the background of his painting of a figure holding his hands to his face. FTP, name this expressionistic Norwegian painter of The Scream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50961c63954f4adf909433e9d57011ab",
            "input": "One document named for this city concluded the Albigensian Crusade. Another signed thirty years later relinquished Henry III's claim to Normandy and Anjou. One treaty named after this city ended the Crimean War. Under the conditions of another treaty with this name, Spain ceded Guam to the United States. A treaty with this name acknowledged the independence of the Thirteen Colonies. For 10 points, name this city that gave its name to treaties that ended both the Spanish-American and the Revolutionary Wars.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38468d6d4083417c958c2cc421c5b519",
            "input": "A spherical harmonic can be decomposed into N times an exponential times the associated Legendre polynomial of THIS function. The wavelength shift in Compton scattering is equal to the Compton wavelength times one minus this function. The square of this function appears multiplied by the incident intensity to give the emitted intensity of a polarizer in (*) Malus' Law. This function appears on the top left and the bottom right entry on the standard 2 by 2 rotation matrix. For a block on an incline, this function multiplied by the force of gravity gives the magnitude of the normal force. For two vectors, the dot product is equal to their magnitude multiplied by this function of the angle between them. For 10 points, name this function which is also used to find the x-component of a given vector.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-397a77c850ff4f3d9e232ecd9a56beb2",
            "input": "The majority opinion in this case quotes Palko v. Connecticut in declaring the central matter a freedom implicit in the concept of ordered liberty. The majority opinion in this case also declared that There is no war between the Constitution and common sense. Harlan led a dissent that stressed this cases decision as an assault on stare decisis. This cases decision was based on Boyd v. United States, and it extended the limitations placed on the Federal Government by Weeks v. United States. This case overturned Wolf v.Colorado in expanding the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure to state governments. For 10 points, name this case which cemented the place of the exclusionary rule.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ae6eb18dd1349c58d14541239c0cd68",
            "input": "In the first act of this opera, the housekeeper Berta lets in a man acting like a drunken soldier, who is not arrested when he reveals his identity to the police. That disguised character also pretends to be the student Lindoro and the music teacher Don Alonso, the latter in place of Don Basilio. The title character of this opera is first seen singing about his importance in the aria (*) \"\"Largo al factotum. \"\" For 10 points, name this Rossini opera in which Don Bartolo's ward Rosina is married to Count Almaviva through the trickery of the title servant, Figaro.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7267de7944a344a3905800830d6beea6",
            "input": "Lawrence Henderson established a group named for this man at Harvard University in 1932, which counted George Homans and Talcott Parsons among its members, while M. J. Farrell developed a principle of data analysis that is named for this man and Tjalling Koopmans. The first theorem of welfare guarantees that every competitive equilibrium outcome will satisfy the condition named for him, and a more generic interpretation of that condition, which factors in compensation between parties, is named for Hicks and Kaldor. A rule which states that 80% of the effects can be attributed to 20% of the causes is known as his \"80-20\" principle. For 10 points, identify this economist, the author of Mind and Society who lends his names to a condition where no agent can be made better off without making another agent worse off.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18cc0fbda71b47c195f50f5645291fc3",
            "input": "This author wrote about Larry, who has to push the wheelchair of the aging politico Juan Ramirez in a nursing home. In one of this author's novels, the aging sculptures Gladys forms a sadomasochistic pair with her younger lover In addition to Eternal Curse on the Reader of These Pages and The Buenos Aires Affair, this author wrote about Big Fanny, who kills her unborn child, in addition to the tubercular Juan Carlos Etcheparre. In one of this author's novels, the protagonist Toto writes an essay about the film The Great Waltz, which features the title actress, while in another, Valentin is a political prisoner who is told stories about movies from the effeminate Molina. For ten points, identify this novelist who wrote Heartbreak Tango, Betrayed by Rita Hayworth and The Kiss of the Spider Woman, a writer from Mexico.\r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e4b59454238a4603950dd88d51743cc2",
            "input": "It sparked a sermon entitled On the Beauties of Liberty by John Allen, a pastor at the Second Baptist Church, which was widely disseminated. The tragically named Governor Wanton issued a reward of one hundred pounds for the capture of the perpetrators, who were led by Abraham Whipple, while Captain John Linzee offered the survivors shelter on board the Beaver. Hes not to be confused with Benjamin Lindsay, the captain of the sloop Hannah, whose attempts to evade paying customs indirectly led to it. The resulting Royal Commission of Inquiry, outside of local jurisdiction, was attacked as a British kangaroo court by Whigs who demanded a trial in Rhode Island. For ten points, name this 1772 incident in which a British warship was burned by angry patriots.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-602e2f41d94c4e38b9ff1d89494f5007",
            "input": "The operas Fierrabras and Alfonso and Estralla are among the works of this composer, whose four-handed piano works include his \"Grand Duo\" sonata and his Fantasia in F minor. This composer of the piano trio Notturno chose to double the cellos in his string quintet in C major, while another of his works utilized another work of his previously based on a poem by Matthias Claudius. This composer of the \"Death and the Maiden\" quartet also wrote the incidental music to Rosamunde and utilized both the double bass and the piano in a work describing its title creature eluding a fisherman. FTP, name this Austrian composer of the Trout Quintet, several lieder, and his eighth and \"Unfinished\" Symphony.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-100ef7127893437788e273b4d20db78a",
            "input": "This work derides a view of relationship as that of direct report, calling it the most nave view, while one section of this work concludes with a discussion of the meanings of kill and begat. This work claims that for a term to be significant, it must be either a name of a sense datum or a compound of such names or an abbreviation of such a compound. This works first section draws attention to the difference between No unmarried man is married and No bachelor is married, going on to discuss synonimity, which it defines in terms of interchangeable truth values. This work is also notable for eliminating the boundary between analytical and synthetic though, which are the two title concepts. For ten points, identify this work which has also appeared in From a Logical Point of View, the best known essay by Willard Van Orman Quine.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18f2ac38dc3d457cb5e8f18f878ccd83",
            "input": "The subject of one portrait by this artist is depicted signing a decree to give the city of Liege money for reconstruction. A nymph begs the title god for intervention as Juno looks on from the left in one painting by this artist. This artist of Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul and Jupiter and Thetis did a painting of a woman in red with a sword and a woman in green with an oar sitting beneath a writer being (*) crowned by Nike. A nude lady holds on to a peacock feather and the edge of a blue curtain as she looks back toward the viewer in another painting by this artist that famously gives her too many vertebrae. For 10 points, name this French Neoclassical painter of the Apotheosis of Homer and the Grande Odalisque.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2d292e740d443a0b269779e4cd29ff7",
            "input": "A Thomas Cole painting named after this work shows a maiden prostrating herself before an outdoor shrine to the Virgin Mary. The poem references Michael Draytons The Owle in its image of a bee with honied thie, and hails Thrice-Great Hermes, who also out-watches the bear, meaning he never sleeps. Its speaker feels the presence of the Genius of the Wood as he wakes, and desires to walk the studious Cloysters pale. The speaker calls upon a goddess who descends from Vesta to go with him along with Peace and Quiet, and the speaker concludes of her I with thee with choose to live. At the beginning of this poem, the poet welcomes the goddess Melancholy, and it opens with Hence vain deluding joyes. For 10 points, name this John Milton poem, the brooding companion piece to LAllegro.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba757aeb3af34c07b829d0fa0cdc7aa2",
            "input": "In one story, this god's wife stole gold from a statue of him, prompting him to go into exile. Among his possessions are the golden throne from which he can see the entire world and a ring that multiplied itself every night. This son of Borr and brother of Vili and Ve also owns a spear that never misses its target, Gugnir, and the eight-legged horse Sleipnir. He will be killed by the wolf Fenrir at Ragnarok and he also obtained perfect wisdom by trading one of his eyes to drink from Mimir's well. For 10 points, name this leader of the Aesir, a chief Norse deity.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eee05351cb8846599becd580481bba25",
            "input": "Substitutions of an alanine at position 143 or a histidine at position 175 allow this protein to bind to hsp70. Its L2 loop binds to an ankyrin repeat of a protein homologous to ASPP1. Wip-1 reduces the activity of this protein by dephosphorylating MAP kinase. The C-terminal RING finger motif of one protein promotes ubiquitination of this protein, while the N-terminal domain of that MDM-2 protein binds to it. Inheritance of only one copy of the gene coding for it leads to Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Human cancers typically involve mutations in either the retinoblastoma pathway or the pathway involving this protein. For 10 points, name this tumor suppressor, the \"guardian angel of the genome. \" \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d30197bf8fe49de89bfae30d95c4ec1",
            "input": "This artist used a Claude Lorrain painting as the basis for his Dido Building Carthage. Spectators on the banks of the Thames watch a blazing fire in his The Burning of the House of Lords and Commons. This artist showed a tugboat hauling away a British naval vessel that had served in the Battle of Trafalgar. Another work by him (*) supposedly depicts a rabbit crossing in front of an extremely obscure and clouded train. For 10 points, name this painter of the works The Fighting Temeraire and Rain, Steam and Speed.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba88915f5f264e688222ac5f5755a41f",
            "input": "One of these objects is coordinate system invariant if its components contra-vary with the change of basis. Three of them form the standard basis for a three-dimensional Euclidean space. They can be added using the parallelogram rule, and the right-hand rule is used to determine the direction of the cross product of two of them. They also have a dot product, the result of which is a scalar. For 10 points, name these objects which have both magnitude and direction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-882c588764f94cac9e3850de7407c4ea",
            "input": "The basal nucleus of Meynert contains large amounts of this substance, and antibodies destroy this substance's receptors in myasthenia gravis. Galantamine inhibits its breakdown. It has ionotropic and G protein-coupled receptors called (*) nicotinic and muscarinic, respectively. This molecule is released in pre- and post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons, as well as at the motor end plates of skeletal muscle. A deficiency of it was proposed as a cause of Alzheimer's disease, which is treated using inhibitors of its namesake esterase. For 10 points, name this neurotransmitter that mediates neuromuscular interactions.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-514b9bfe3fff43428a295e456b93ad59",
            "input": "William de Sitter described a general relativistic correction to it in 1916. The Thomas variety of this process is a correction to the spin-orbit interaction in an atom, and Larmor described this process happening to magnetic moments in the presence of an external field. The Lense-Thirring effect causes this to occur near massive objects, and Poinsots Ellipsoid is an example of the torque-free variety. The Earth undergoes this process with a period of 26000 years, and tidal forces in the form of nutation perturb it. For ten points, identify this general physical process in which the angular momentum vector of an object rotates.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-02fc4d9dc6264970a4a430eb0129a1ca",
            "input": "His obsession with death and Hell is most evident in his works from Weimar such as Totentanz, the Dante Symphony, and the Faust Symphony. He is credited with the invention of the symphonic poem and the piano recital. His unrivaled mastery of the piano is evident in his Sonata in B Minor, Paganini Etudes, and Transcendental Etudes. FTP name this Hungarian pianist who composed the Hungarian Rhapsodies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4be53e3019004b04b2724d87a461ce4d",
            "input": "For small values of x, the nth one of these can be represented by the quantity x over 2 to the nth power times one over the gamma function of n plus 1. The first spherical one is known as the unnormalized sinc function, while the second kind of these are also referred to as Neumann functions, and complex linear combinations of the first and second kind are called Hankel functions. The Riccati variety of these are used to deal with problems arising in Mie scattering, while the graph of the first and second kinds resemble decaying oscillations. Used for many problems in wave propagation, such as modeling the vibrations of a drum head, FTP identify these functions named after a German astronomer and usually represented by the letters Y and J.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7b383d8f0e1a498db92e71ad038724e2",
            "input": "One work by this artist shows a disembodied man take off his hat to reveal another one beneath it, Hat in the Hand, Hat on the Head. Drawing from Francis Picabia, he created the absurdly-titled Gramineous Bicycle Garnished with Bells the Dappled Fire Damps and the Echinoderms Bending the Spine to Look for Caresses in the collage genre. He often used dead birds in his paintings because his sister was born the same day a pet bird of his died, as recounted in his memoir, Views. Sculptured heads are placed on living bodies in his The Rendezvous of Friends, while a headless female nude extends her arm towards a semi-mechanical animal in Elephant Celebes. Also remembered for painting Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale, his Europe after the Rain makes use of a technique he discovered by tracing out paper on floorboard. FTP, name this German Surrealist who invented the frottage technique of painting.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e6c6c0241e34bb4a037ed7f72c3e262",
            "input": "In his early works, he argued that behavior creates environment, as well as the converse, a principle he called reciprocal determinism. In works like Social Foundations of Thought and Action, he viewed personality as an interaction among environment, behavior, and a person's psychological processes. In his most famous study, a woman shouting \"sockeroo! \" beat up a clown doll, serving as a model for children who later imitated this behavior. FTP, name this Stanford psychologist who illustrated modeling with his Bobo Doll studies.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4a16606e616a43b4889ed57f1f75bf73",
            "input": "One character in this work reveals that he used to walk around with rubber balls in his hands and horse chestnuts and crab apples in his cheeks because he wanted apple cheeks, while another character in this work retorts, \"I'd rather have peanut brittle crumbs on my face than flies in my eyes\" after assuring another character that he didn't see flies in his eyes. In addition to Orr, Havermeyer, and Appleby, one character in this work is informed of a promotion while playing basketball and later jumps out of his office window to avoid talking to a character who received a medal naked and who asks, \"where are the Snowdens of yesteryear\" For 10 points, name this work about Major Major, Doc Daneeka, Chief White Halfoat, and Yossarian, a novel by Joseph Heller.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3202a1bd34fd4a60b96092027c2d3ac6",
            "input": "This poet wrote that \"\"Dust thou art, to dust returnest, was not spoken of the soul\"\" in the poem \"\"A Psalm of Life. \"\" His poem \"\"Mezzo Cammin\"\" was inspired by his translation of the Divine Comedy. He wrote an epic poem in which Gabriel Lajeunesse loves the title character, who is expelled along with the rest of the Acadians. This author of (*) Evangeline also wrote an epic poem whose title character is the lover of Minnehaha. For 10 points, name this poet of The Song of Hiawatha and \"\"Paul Revere's Ride. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dba45459f26c46c5ac7550e07548d8c0",
            "input": "This man wrote that the \"polytheism\" of incompatible \"value spheres\" implies a need for \"value-free\" science. He defined modernity as \"disenchantment\" and wrote critical surveys of The Religion of China and India. This man defined the state as an entity with a monopoly on legitimate force and warned of charismatic authority in \"Politics as a Vocation.\" This sociologist revered Benjamin Franklin and noted that Dutch merchants could display their elect status through material wealth in a study which asked why Western Europe developed faster economically. For 10 points, name this early German sociologist who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31115fba23f045208be84ddcfc12f3e5",
            "input": "This country's K5 Plan attempted to seal its western border by constructing a minefield known as the Bamboo Curtain. This country's \"dark ages\" saw its capital at Longvek captured by Ayutthaya. Its temple mountain of Bakong was constructed by Indravarman I, who led an empire founded by Jayavarman II. UNTAC restored peace in this country, which entered into a civil war soon after Norodom Sihanouk was deposed by (*) Lon Nol. That period of strife saw currency abolished, \"year zero\" established by Brother Number One, and land mines placed around Angkor Wat. For ten points, identify this country where Pol Pot once led the Khmer Rouge.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56c700c124144561b9e0a8ab84366c27",
            "input": "One analog of this phenomenon is described by the Righi-Leduc effect. Kane and Mele developed a model for one variety of it and the Corbino effect is a special case of it. In plasmas, its namesake parameter is the ratio of electron gyrofrequency to the particle collision frequency, and a version of this effect was discovered in a gallium arsenide heterostructure by Tsui and Stormer and explained by Laughlin. The resistance associated with this effect t can be measured by the Van der Pauw method and its quantum analogue, which breaks down into integer and ractional varieties, was discovered by von Klitzing. Resulting from an asymmetric distribution of charge density, which in turn creates an electric field, for 10 points, name this effect, in which a potential voltage is produced in a conductor in the presence of a magnetic field. \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-def3ef71c8424c1eac208d81e76d24b2",
            "input": "This man convened a constitutional convention in Chatham, Canada, and took the pseudonym \"Isaac Smith\" while living at the Kennedy Farmhouse in order to scout out one target. Emily Dickinson's correspondent Thomas Wentworth Higginson was among the \"Secret Six\" who supported this man. He arrived at the Wakarusa War just as a peace treaty was about to be signed in Lawrence, Kansas. This man killed five pro-slavery settlers in the 1856 Pottawatomie massacre, and was quashed by Robert E. Lee in his attempt to seize a federal arsenal. For 10 points, name this abolitionist who was hanged after leading the raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a7ed7fcaca9d4a96afa0eb8d94bb3a62",
            "input": "One opera by this composer features a character named Martha, whose \"Divination\" scene features her looking into a bowl of water and telling of Prince Galitsin's upcoming downfall; that opera ends with Martha and Andrew, along with other Old Believers, dying in a funeral pyre. Another opera by this composer includes the Hopak dance movement, is named for the locale where Gritzko asks Tcherevik for his daughter Parassia's hand in marriage, and includes a devil who takes the form of a pig and is looking for the sleeve of a garment. Zhenitba and Salammb, in addition to the aforementioned Khovanshchina and The Fair at Sorochyntsi, are operas by this composer, whose most famous opera includes the Polish Act, and a chronicling monk named Pimen, who shares a cell with Grigory, a pretender claiming to be Dimitri. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the opera Boris Godounov, and whose orchestral works include Pictures at an Exhibition and Night on Bald Mountain.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e804a9ae32534b1b83bc615fa0283fc2",
            "input": "This artist painted a blue-clad man on a wooden chair holding his head in his hands in At Eternity's Gate. He painted two chairs and a night table next to a bed in his depiction of his bedroom at the Yellow House, where he lived with Gauguin for a time. This artist painted a pool table at the center of his (*) The Night Cafe. This artist of several portraits of Dr. Gachet painted several depictions of the view from his asylum in Arles. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist who painted swirling celestial figures in Starry Night.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-75856fe24f704cfc87fa7389a95a1b75",
            "input": "In the bottom right of this work, a partridge is perched on a branch. In the background, several ships can be seen sailing near a port which is surrounded by cliffs and lies across from what appears to be a volcano. Near the center of this painting, a man leaning on a stick looks skyward rather than monitoring the sheep surrounding him. Other figures include a fisherman and a plowman, both of whom ignore the titular event, as does the ship passing the title character. For 10 points, identify this painting depicting the drowning of the son of Daedalus, by Bruegel the elder.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8898b3837e324d74bf3b5f57da8627fb",
            "input": "This composer parodied a sonatina by Clementi in his Sonatine bureaucratique, and composed the ballet Uspud in his early Rosicrucian period. John Cages 433 was inspired by a piece by this composer requiring 840 repetitions of a single theme, Vexations. He incorporated parts of Symposium, Phaedrus, and Phaedo in his three-act symphonic drama Socrate, and directed the pianist to be clairvoyant and play with amazement in a set of pieces named for an ancient Greek dance. FTP, name this French composer of Flabby Preludes For a Dog and Desiccated Embryos as well as seven Gnossiennes and three Gymnopedies.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f14ac69746649198f9b0bc3a2b7d137",
            "input": "One legend associated with this body of water is that it is inhabited by a god known as Nyami Nyami, and its tributaries include the Kabompo and the Lungue-Bongo. Another of its tributaries, the Kafue, contains the Itezhi-tezhi dam, and it forms much of the eastern boundary of the Caprivi Strip. Other dams on this river include the Kariba and one of Africa's largest hydroelectric dams, Cahora Bossa. Emptying into the Indian Ocean at Mozambique. For 10 points, name this river that flows over 2,000 miles across Africa from its source near Kalene Hill in the Central African Plateau, whose name means \"Great River\" in the language of the Tonga and whose section on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border includes Victoria Falls.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-52b869713fce47fdae4cfbd6a73a2427",
            "input": "In one work, this man argued that the title action represents the \"recommencement of life\" allowing the viewer to see the \"awful parenthesis\" caused by the title character's evil. This man contrasted the \"Literature of Knowledge\" with the \"Literature of Power\" and included \"The English Mail-Coach\" in Suspiria de Profundis. He wrote about the (*) Porter scene in \"On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth.\" This man wrote an autobiographical work in which he discusses being chased around a room by his own nightmares. For 10 points, name this English author whose addiction inspired his Confessions of an English Opium-Eater.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a1f99b8a52e4d2f8b784bade948acd5",
            "input": "premiere of one of this man's compositions occurred in a darkened art gallery, forcing Eugene Ysaye to play it from memory. That \"Sonata for Violin and Piano in A major\" was written for Ysaye's wedding and is an example of this composer's preoccupation with the \"cyclic form\" which he adopted from Liszt. His \"Mass for Three Voices\" contains a strophe pulled from Aquinas's Sacris solemniis that is often performed alone, his Panis angelicus. He wrote a symphonic poem about a noble who is cursed after blowing his hunting chord during the Sabbath. His reputation was established posthumously by his students Ernest Chausson, Henri Duparc, and Vincent d'Indy, who ensured his Le Chasseur maudit and Symphonic Variations would become part of the standard repertoire. For 10 points, name this French-Belgian composer and organist best remembered for his Symphony in D minor.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7890c13a77fb480bb6bcc3a7560dac2f",
            "input": "He wrote about Johnny Hake, who quits his job producing the plastic wrap parablendum before finding Grace Maitland with the lawn boy while trying to commit a robbery in \"The Housebreaker of Shady Hill. \" In another novel by this author, Shinglehouse throws himself under a train and the boy Tony refuses to get out of bed, leading to his parents having Swami Rutuola visit to have Tony repeat \"Hope\" and \"Love. \" That novel, in which Paul Hammer tries to kill Eliot Nailles, is Bullet Park, and he wrote about Jody, the gay lover of the convict and heroin addict Ezekiel Farragut, who is accused of killing his brother Eben. This author wrote about St. Botolphs, which is home to Cousin Honora, who controlled the family nominally held by Leander. For 10 points, name this author of Falconer and The Wapshot Chronicle.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eaaf504e5161481ca193133cebd8f5c6",
            "input": "This man wrote about the fourth evil side of God in his book Answer to Job and described the contrasexual pairing of men and women with the term syzygy. This thinker examined the schizophrenic fantasies of Frank Miller and postulated an \"acausal connecting principle\" called (*) synchronicity. The Myers-Briggs personality test is based on the work of this psychologist who made a distinction between extroverts and introverts and examples of a term he studied include the Animus and the Shadow. For 10 points, what psychologist broke with Freud over the nature of the libido and described archetypes and the collective unconscious",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a2da6f6e40bb4930ac69690adc804ea1",
            "input": "This philosopher argued that \"metaphysics was the ape of mathematics\" in his survey \"The Architecture of Theories. \" He posited a triadic relation to account for the element of spontaneity that informs the neurological faculties and published a work that argued for a physical explanation of feeling by \"framing a molecular theory of protoplasm. \" That work, \"Man's Glassy Essence,\" was preceded by \"Questions Concerning Certain Faculties Claimed by Man,\" which held that even abstract thoughts have the character of signs. In another essay he analogized thinking to a sequence of notes; that work, along with another piece advocating the use of the scientific method, were first published in Popular Science Monthly. For 10 points, identify this philosopher who wrote \"How to Make Our Ideas Clear\" and \"The Fixation of Belief. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb740a3d4f3346b780f37ab5c25cd682",
            "input": "One of this authors title characters is introduced by Colonel Hepburn to Gustavus Adolphus, while another is talked out of killing himself by the Quaker ships surgeon Walter Waters. In addition to Memoirs of a Cavalier and Captain Singleton, he created a character who falls out with her maid Amy, Roxana, and the saddlemaking narrator H.F., who integrates his memories with tables of weekly death figures. Another of his books ends with the title character reuniting with Jeremy E. and repenting for such deeds as being a transported felon in Virginia and married to her own brother. He also wrote a novel based on the life of Alexander Selkirk featuring the native Friday. For 10 points, name this writer of Journal of the Plague Year, Moll Flanders, and Robinson Crusoe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6796d563d27a4e23859c5835a69e09bc",
            "input": "It was ended by the forces of Charles II of Navarre at Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, but began following the Battle of Poitiers when the countryside was ransacked by bands of British mercenaries whose actions were ignored by the French nobles. This oversight, coupled with the Dauphin's demand that his subjects rebuild the fortifications of their lords, fueled an uprising of Parisians under Etienne Marcel and country-folk under Guillaume Carle who began at Compiegne and spent two moths attacking castles and massacring the nobles. FTP, name this insurgency that primarily took place in 1358 and whose name comes from a French pejorative for \"peasant. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7757e19b5a114effa68b8edab6a5429d",
            "input": "They can be made from the reaction of organolithium reagents with aldehydes and ketones; the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes, ozymercuration-demecuration of alkenes, the reaction of Grignard reagents with aldehydes, esters, or ketones, or by the hydrolysis of alkyl halides. They can be converted to dialkyl ethers and are combined with carboxylic acids to undergo Fischer esterification. FTP name this group of organic compounds, composed of an OH group attached to a hydrocarbon group and symbolized as R-OH.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffc905c1ccbd471a827c318291d4ce5b",
            "input": "February 26 marks this religion's holiday of Savior's Day, devoted to a man who disappeared mysteriously, possibly returning to his native New Zealand. This religion once published a guide for its adherents called How to Eat to Live, and their official newspaper is The Final Call. A central tenet of this group's theology is derived from their interpretation of Ezekiel 1. That belief in the so-called Mother Wheel or Mother Plane is perhaps not as ridiculous as their insistence that the evil scientist Dr. Yakub created all non-black races on the island of Patmos. For ten points, name this bunch of crazies founded by Wallace Fard Muhammad and currently led by Louis Farrakhan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a21b89a702c431ca9f06c36073c4fdb",
            "input": "Niels Kaj Jerne cited this man's concept of \"open-endedness\" in a protein generation model in a lecture applying one of this man's ideas to the immune system. One work by this man argued that \"bounding nodes\" were \"barriers\" in order to unify Subjacency with the Empty Category Principle. \"Type 2\" on his namesake hierarchy includes context-free grammars. He used the sentence \"colorless green ideas sleep furiously\" to illustrate his \"poverty of the stimulus\" argument. For 10 points, name this MIT linguist who proposed the idea of Universal Grammar.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d89f920e50e044d2a8ba6511c2cd38b5",
            "input": "This man noted how the unseen collusion between capitalist \"masters\" can depress wages in the chapter \"Of the Wages of Labour\" from one of his works, in which he discusses value in use and value in exchange in relation to the price of water and diamonds. In that work, this economist uses the example of a(*) pin factory in order to explain specialization and division of labor. For 10 points, name this Scottish economist who outlined the concepts of supply and demand and wrote of an \"invisible hand\" governing markets in The Wealth of Nations.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2ff4be311b74e97b1f234cdf2387791",
            "input": "In one experiment, this man examined whether watching a violent ending to an episode of Medical Center would lead to anti-social behavior. This man also distributed packages in Omaha hoping they would reach a stockbroker in Boston; that led to the \"six degrees of separation\" concept, and is his(*) \"small world\" experiment. In another experiment of his, a \"teacher\" read word pairs to a \"learner\" and tried to shock them for wrong answers. For 10 points, identify this psychologist who found 26 people administered 450 Volts in an experiment testing obedience to authority.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ea5f714040a47a0b133df906932e56f",
            "input": "A ship flying dozens of national flags and a red sun blurred by a cloud appear in the background of the black-clothed, palette-holding central figure in his Myself: Portrait Landscape, while a dark-skinned man in a traditional clown costume locks arms with a woman in peasant dress in front of several bare trees in his Carnival Evening. For 10 points, name this artist who also painted a work in which multicolored stripes adorn the dress of the title figure, who is holding a walking stick near a lute and a lion, called The Sleeping Gypsy.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45fb299fcd374677bc926123e143a166",
            "input": "In one of this artist's works, two skeletons, presumably those of James Field and Macleane, point to each other. This man made an engraving based on the story of Columbus and the egg. The first painting in a series by this artist shows a pregnant woman crying while the central figure gets his leg measured. Tom Nero beats a horse and tortures a dog in works from artist's Four Stages of Cruelty. Another of this man's series shows the title character marrying an old woman before going to prison and ending up in Bethlehem Hospital, a mental asylum. For 10 points, name this English artist who painted Marriage a-la-Mode and The Rake's Progress.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b921d6d421b4121b71cff55175204f6",
            "input": "He collaborated on an anthology titled To Heal and To Educate with Carl Furtmuller, who would later help to popularize his ideas. A number of his books, including The Case of Miss R. and What Life Should Mean to You, were published in English after he gave a popular lecture tour of America in 1927. Along with Max Kahane, Rudolf Reitler and Wilhelm Stekel, in 1902 he became a founding member of the Wednesday Psychology Society, though his conversion to Protestantism two years later alienated him from Freud. His The Neurotic Constitution argued that the drive to mastery is the key to the psyche, which proved more persuasive than his earlier work on \"organ inferiority. \"  FTP, name this Austrian psychologist, who emphasized agression and the inferiority complex.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-334ed71e2eeb4bc79bd8afe6c6c7b341",
            "input": "Although his early St. Luke's Altarpiece was most likely based on another altarpiece at Praglia, it still earned him a commission for his Agony in the Garden. (+) A martyr stands next to the foot of a ruined sculpture while an archer talks to another man in one work, while he teamed up with Nicolo Pizolo to show a condemned saint blessing (*) a man for the Ovetari Chapel. For one of his largest commissions, this artist of three portraits of St. Sebastian showed a dog resting under the seat of Marsilio Andreasi in the Court Scene for the Room of the Newlyweds, which also contained an openly painted ceiling decorated with cherubs. Two women grieve as pierced feet are prominently displayed in a 1480 canonical example of foreshortening. FTP, identify this Renaissance artist of St. James Led To His Execution and the Dead Christ.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-379cde31aa994deaad7d2a13fa4c6034",
            "input": "The Black Woodpecker was sacred to this god, who is mentioned alongside a group of deities in the Arval Hymn. A sheep, pig, and goat were sacrificed to this god in the Suovetaurilia, and the 24th day of his month was the date of the festival of the king's flight. A horse was sacrificed to this god on the 15th of October and its head fought over while its tail was hung in the Regia, which also housed a set of sacred (*) spears dedicated to this god. Augustus erected a temple to this god as \"Avenger.\" The \"leaping\" priests or Salii of this god danced with the ancilla shields. This god was identified with Liber and paired with Venus at the Lectisternum. For ten points, name this member of the Capitoline Triad along with Jupiter and Quirinus, worshipped by the Flamen Martialis and identified with the Greek Ares.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5ec7b1bcea4443d845d50a4eecb5c75",
            "input": "A gas of these non-photon things with a temperature of less than 2 kelvins is thought to permeate the universe. A hypothetical right-handed one of these things may be a significant contributor to dark matter if it is \"sterile.\" The width of the Z boson decay provides the tightest bounds on the number of types of these things, and elastic scattering among them is also mediated by the Z boson. The Standard Model fails to account for one non-gravitational behavior of these leptons, in which their flavors vary over time; that phenomenon, characterized by the PMNS matrix, is called \"oscillation.\" An \"anti\" version of one of these elementary particles is emitted in beta decay. For 10 points, name these incredibly light uncharged particles that barely interact with anything.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-371a053144c44379be2eca8d71a2cfc3",
            "input": "Proteins involved in their regulation may include CIRCE and CAP, which binds to cAMP under conditions of low glucose. One of these is involved in the regulation of the porin OmpG, while IS1 and IS5 are insertion elements which cause activation of another of them. The most widely accepted model of their function, developed after studying one coding for beta-galactoside, is named after Jacob and Monod. For 10 points, name this group of related genes, including an operator and promoter, which is transcribed together in prokaryotes, the most famous of which is the lac one.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c97f1717a317477eb04aac73280c7d88",
            "input": "Fermat's little theorem can be used to prove that this function of a prime minus one equals negative one modulo that prime according to Wilson's theorem. When this function's argument is downshifted by one, the gamma function results. The natural log of this function of n is equal to n log n minus n for very large n according to [*] Stirling's approximation. This function appears in the denominator of all the terms of the Taylor series, and it is used to calculate binomial coefficients with combinations. For 10 points, name this function of n equal to the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n, symbolized with an exclamation point.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d02d5cb318084d11af74899eb7946fcd",
            "input": "This man names a hierarchy with Schutzenberger whose Type-1 level can be interpreted with a linear bounded automaton. In one work, this thinker defined the terms \"competence\" and \"performance.\" This man criticized Skinner's belief that children are conditioned to develop a (*) verbal behavior, and instead proposed an inherent acquisition device. This pioneer of the concept of transformational-generative grammar used the sentence \"Colorless green ideas sleep furiously\" to demonstrate that a meaningless sentence can be grammatically correct. Syntactic Structures was written by, for ten points, what MIT linguist",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2180406a8f0d4365b70d206d7a721875",
            "input": "This work contains a digression about the massacre of Baron Dieskau's column under the orders of Major Effingham three years after the former's defeat at a lake which the protagonist calls the Horican. Later, a series of abductions result when another battle is started by a woman's refusal to surrender a shawl, though the revelation of a tattoo of Unamis convinces Tamenud to suspend the death sentence of one abductee. That character had earlier been saved when the psalmist David Gamut took his place at the stake, allowing Duncan Heyward to escape and join the pursuit of Cora Munro. FTP, name this novel in which the attempted vengeance of Magua leads to the death of Uncas, the second of the novels featuring Natty Bumppo by James Fenimore Cooper.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b355e83eacb448294b28b6ca7e3e6e2",
            "input": "A six-movement work of chamber music by this composer includes movements entitled \"Floe,\" \"Rubric,\" and \"Facades.\" His first cello concerto, written for Julian Lloyd Webber, is one of the eight concertos collected in his Concerto Project. This composer's album Solo Piano ends with the tracks \"Mad Rush\" and \"Wichita Sutra Vortex,\" which follow five tracks named \"Metamorphosis.\" This composer wrote Music in Twelve Parts for his namesake ensemble. He scored a work whose name is Hopi for \"life out of balance,\" Koyaanisqatsi. This composer's \"Portrait Trilogy\" includes operas about Gandhi and Akhenaten, as well as an opera with five intermezzos called \"knee plays.\" For 10 points, name this minimalist composer known for his film scores and his opera Einstein on the Beach.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b199ec1ccee4e44872c267a7c552315",
            "input": "Among the drugs used to treat this disease are the anti-bacterial TOBI and VX-770, currently in FDA Phase 2 testing. People with this disease also often suffer from \"Clubbing\", and the ductus deferens fails to develop in affected males. It is typically caused by a loss of a phenylalanine in its namesake transmembrane conductance regulator protein, leading to increased sodium absorption. This disease is linked with a gene on chromosome 7. Pilocarpine is applied to the skin in the sweat-chloride test for this disease. For 10 points, name this disease characterized by an abnormal buildup of mucus in the lungs.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d60b93d1e9094a08bf3ff8ea14c9d82c",
            "input": "He established the department of anthropology at Yale after his time at the Canadian National Museum in Ottawa, where his studies among Indians resulted in the suggestion that North American Indian languages could be grouped into 6 divisions. This was important because man's perception of the world was mediated through language, this was the basis for the ethno-linguistic hypothesis he later studied with his student Benjamin Whorf. FTP identify this anthropologist most famed for 1921's Language.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78889aadef514a93a7423bc870fd65d3",
            "input": "One pathway to synthesize this involves the condensation of anthranilate with phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 regulates the cytokine dependent catabolism of this molecule in dendritic cells, and consumption of large amounts of this chemical may result in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Its namesake synthase exhibits substrate channeling by passing the intermediate through a tunnel before it reacts with serine. Deficiencies of a certain neurotransmitter can be caused by fructose malabsorbtion in the intestines as it lowers the level of this amino acid in the blood. That neurotransmitter, serotonin, is synthesized from this amino acid as are melatonin and niacin. For ten points, identify this amino acid with an indole functional group.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c2e57c7ab3b460da8bcfc09df96e8d2",
            "input": "Albert Parsons led a march down Michigan Street in a parallel to this event that did not end in violence. As a result of this event, August Spies and 7 other men were hanged after quick and dubious trials. After Samuel Fielden spoke, a member of the crowd threw a bomb at a police officer, which killed him. The Knights of Labor were blamed by the public for this event, although it was primarily caused by desire for an 8 hour work day. FTP, identify this May 4, 1888 event which saw a violent conflict between laborers at the McCormick Harvester plant and the police.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5cf86e9b9b53468d8cb5cc39fcf2374c",
            "input": "Its largest rivers are the Kapuas in the west and the Barito in the south, and its highest point is at Mount Kinabalu. One of the most sparsely populated regions in the world, the two major ethnic groups living on the island are the Dyaks and the Malays. Kalimantan covers 70% of the total area, and the states of Sabah and Sarawak lie along the north coast. FTP, identify this third-largest island in the world, which is divided among Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-68da10a3d3264967a81d0cb26e74cf4e",
            "input": "Among the German buildings designed in this style are the Nymphenburg palace and the Residenztheater, both by Francois de Cuvillies, while in Italy this movement was embodied in the paintings of Giambattista Tiepolo and in France by such paintings as The Toilet of Venus and The Swing. Its name comes from a French word for shell-covered rockwork, and a notable example of the elegance of this movement can be seen in the painting Embarcation to Cythera. FTP, identify this art movement, popularized by the paintings of Jean-Honore Fragonard and Jean-Antoine Watteau.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e61d30fd9fdd4e74991a8bd982fc28cd",
            "input": "Fascinated in his youth by the sea and ships, he spent two years of his reign traveling throughout Europe learning the techniques of shipbuilding, but upon his return was forced to put down a revolt of the streltsy. Originally joint emperor with his retarded brother Ivan under the regency of his half-sister Sophia, he soon seized power, and later had his son Alexei tortured to death to maintain his rule. His seizure and eventual loss of Azov was his first notable attempt to gain greater maritime access, which was completed with his gain of a section of the Baltic coast, where he founded his new capital, modeled on the Western ideas he forced upon his country. FTP, who was this victor in the Great Northern War who from 1682-1725 ruled Russia",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e335a3fec754598978496824bda9193",
            "input": "This composer, who wrote piano trios nicknamed \"Ghost\" and \"Archduke,\" also composed The Creatures of Prometheus. The second movement of one of his symphonies ends with a cadenza for flute, oboe, and clarinet and is subtitled \"By the Brook.\" The finale of this composer's String Quartet No. was published as his Grosse Fugue. This composer of the Pastoral Symphony incorporated a poem beginning \"Freude, schoner Gotterfunken\" into his ninth symphony. For 10 points, name this German composer, whose Choral Symphony features the \"Ode to Joy.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5aad01668105496d80476acd9b403482",
            "input": "In the second and third steps of this biochemical reaction, the enzyme aconitase promotes the dehydration of the first product, yielding cis-aconitate, and then isocitrate. Malate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that contributes to the final product, which is recycled in this reaction to yield citrate after coupling with another two-carbon compound. Involving the conversion of NAD+ to NADH and FAD to FADH2, this reaction produces oxaloacetate, which binds to said two-carbon compound. FTP, identify this cycle of cellular respiration that starts by bonding acetyl CoA to pyruvate.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7aa068ffd77040d08635b716063c5ce0",
            "input": "This author wrote about Violet and Peony Lindsey making a snowman who comes to life as a little girl, while in another story a man painted half red and half black tells Robin to wait at the steps of a church for one hour to see the title character. This author of \"The Snow Image\" wrote about Bartram discovering the title character has burnt himself in his lime kiln looking for the \"unpardonable sin\" in \"Ethan Brand.\" This author wrote a story about Aminadab helping Aylmer remove the titular defect from his wife Georgiana, while Reverend Hooper refuses to remove a depressing garment in \"The Minister's Black Veil.\" For 10 points, name this author who wrote \"Young Goodman Brown\" and The Scarlet Letter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e13c5ccdd8964139bb31f13fd0226ecf",
            "input": "On this god's \"Great Night,\" worshipers imitate a hunter who escaped tigers by dropping a thousand bilwa leaves on a representation of him. Devotees of this god draw three vibhuti lines across their foreheads in white ash. He is shown with his hair turning into a river in depictions of that river's descent. This god is often depicted resting on an animal skin and holding a (*) trident; alternatively, he crushes a dwarf beneath his foot as Nataraja, the cosmic dancer. Mount Kailasa is sacred to this god, the husband of Parvati and father of Ganesh. For 10 points, name this destroyer god of the Hindu Trimurti.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-61544f15f5924011b5be3679a70534f9",
            "input": "The third movement of this man's third symphony is marked Andantino quasi allegretto and features a vaguely Latin American rhythm before transitioning uninterrupted into a finale marked Molto deliberatoAllegro risulto. He wrote an opera in which Top is an itinerant worker who enlists Martin's help in getting Grandma Moss drunk at the beginning of the second act, and he wrote incidental music for an Irvin Shaw play with trumpet, cor anglais, and string orchestra. This composer of The Tender Land and Quiet City wrote a tone poem whose refrain comes from the Mexican folk song \"El Palo Verde\", and he wrote a work for full orchestra which is narrated by the reading of such documents as the Gettysburg Address. For 10 pointsname this composer of El Saln Mxico and Lincoln Portrait who wrote the sections \"Saturday Night Waltz\" and \"Hoe-Down\" for his ballet Rodeo and who adapted the Shaker Hymn \"Simple Gifts\" for the seventh section of his ballet Appalachian Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34487823e8d9462db1c117cf0ba0223e",
            "input": "Some myths consider this figure's mother and father to be a member of a cliff-dwelling tribe, and a man-eater who lives in the heavens, respectively. One of this deity's greatest rivals was a cape-wearing pig god who ordered wild boars to dig up solid rock, turning it into fertile land. This figure is sometimes seen carrying an egg which contains a dancing goddess, this deity's sister, and she was repeatedly foiled by a sea goddess while attempting to use a stick to dig a hole for her family to live in. A gourd holding the water of life was one of the possessions of this deity's eldest brother, a shark god who towed her canoe to her current home, and she was the daughter of Haumea and Kani-Milohai. Modern humans consider her golden hair and jet-black tears to be types of glassy ejecta. For 10 points, name this patron goddess of fire and volcanoes who is said to live in the caldera of Mt. Kilauea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f47882e4a9914888b80344102aab63ce",
            "input": "One section of this work states its authors view that humans are, by nature, the worlds most imitative creatures, citing mans fascination with the most realistic representations of painful objects, such as dead bodies. Signs and marks, as well as poor reasoning on the side of the other party, are discussed as means of recognition, in one section, while another section discusses the meaning of peripetia in the context of Theodectess Lynceus. This work also discusses that the perfect plot has its protagonist goes from happiness to misery only from hamartia, which allows the audience to experience catharsis. Discussing mimesis and separating the namesake form of writing into tragedy, comedy, and epic verse, this is, FTP, which treatise by Aristotle",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3117aaa8d2434541bdf719ddb461e7ba",
            "input": "early passage in this work describes warehouses that have \"faint redolences of bananas and coffee\" and describes how \"You can almost feel the warm breath of the brown river\". One character claims that Poe would call the surroundings of this work's setting \"the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir\" but is reminded that \"those are the L&N tracks\". Later, another passage describes the \"animal joy\" of a character who \"bears [the] emblem of the gaudy seed-bearer\"; that character later insists that he is \"one hundred percent (*) American\" and \"not a Polack\". The stage directions of this work often mention musical pieces like \"Varsouviana\" and \"The Blue Piano\", the latter of which is played \"around the corner\" from its setting in Elysian Fields. This play's central character moved to the Flamingo after losing the estate of Belle Reve and claims to be marrying Shep Huntleigh, but is eventually taken away to an asylum after claiming to always depend \"on the kindness of strangers\". For 10 points, identify this play in which Stella and Stanley Kowalski host Blanche DuBois, a work of Tennessee Williams.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d61be69c568545ed9ce29fc54ccb5604",
            "input": "This scientist was close friends with a Genevan-born mathematician who developed a method of drilling holes in rubies; that man, Fatio de Duillier, was derisively nicknamed \"the ape of [this man].\" A surviving manuscript shows this man computing the area of a hyperbola to 55 decimal places. The Philosophical Transactions describes his discovery that white light is formed by a (*) spectrum of different colors. This scientist responded to allegations of plagiarism by Robert Hooke by claiming \"If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.\" This scientist used the term \"method of fluxions\" to describe differential calculus, which he discovered independently of Leibniz. For 10 points, name this scientist who formulated three laws of motion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ee985360a1345898d790a0c05e57bf9",
            "input": "Models for one form of this phenomenon suggest that asperity junctions are deformed in one regime, while all such junctions are broken in regimes where velocity becomes important. This phenomenon abnormally decreases as a function of velocity in the Stribeck effect, though the dynamics of the system change with the formation of a fluid film. Because it arises due to intermolecular forces, it is dependent to composition, though it is independent of the surface area of a body. Amontons' first law states that it is directly proportional to the mass of the object. The coefficient of the static form of this is generally larger than the kinetic form. For 10 points, identify this force that resists motion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c8920a916ff4c2687acbc732dfa6bf5",
            "input": "proteins bind one end of these structures and help inhibit a process called \"catastrophe. \" These structures can have persistence lengths of 3-4 mm, which is several orders of magnitude higher than the average cellular diameter. These structures can be severed by katanin. Drugs such as paclitaxel stabilize these structures and prevent their depolymerization, where colchicine prevents its dimeric subunits from coming together. Shortening of these structure at the kinetochore ends of the spindle apparatus helps chromosomes walk towards poles during mitosis and meiosis. For 10 points, identify these structures which are components of the cytoskeleton and which are made of tubulin proteins.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a678310444b1460188bc52e15fa44a55",
            "input": "A section of this poem known as the \"\"Lay of the Last Survivor\"\" is sometimes considered to be its fourth funeral. One character in this poem leaves the lake in which she lives in order to get revenge on Heorot (HAIR-ut). She is killed by this poem's hero, who later kills a dragon with the help of Wiglaf and earlier comes to the aid of (*) Hrothgar, killing a monster which has been ravaging his court. For 10 points, name this Old English poem whose title character slays Grendel.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c074b68038d146a48f1ae3316cefd93c",
            "input": "This man managed to pass the Symplegades after he allowed a dove to fly through them, and, seeing it emerge alive on the other side, knew that he could pass through safely. This man's son Thessalus became king of Corinth after he defeated Acastus with the aid of Peleus, while his marriage to Creusa caused enmity between himself and his lover, who killed Creusa as well as her children by this man. That woman, Medea, had earlier helped this man achieve his most notable task in Colchis. For 10 points, name this leader of the Argonauts who acquired the Golden Fleece.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01442ed0602a4bf5b2ca88e485e9b4ed",
            "input": "Pieces within this opera include the trio \"Zitti, zitti\" and the aria \"Una voce poco fa.\" One character in this opera pretends to be the student Lindoro in order to deceive Dr. Bartolo. The title character of this opera repeatedly sings the phrase \"della citta\" in one aria. That title character aids Count Almaviva in wooing Rosina and sings the aria \"Largo al Factotum.\" For 10 points, name this opera buffa about the servant Figaro, composed by Gioacchino Rossini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65ec9dcb2237443caf8051c670f3b55a",
            "input": "In one book, this man argues that the fall of the Roman Empire led to the rise of townsfolk with privileges over country folk. He argued for mandated universal education up to age ten in a book which worried that the repetition of one continuous task would dull laborers' minds. This man used the \"sympathy\" of an \"impartial spectator\" as the basis for a 1759 work of (*) ethics that was inspired by his teacher Francis Hutcheson. This author of A Theory of Moral Sentiments discussed the \"natural progress of opulence\" in a huge book which noted the self-interest of brewers, butchers, and bakers in critiquing mercantilism. For 10 points, name this Scottish Enlightenment author who used the term \"invisible hand\" exactly once in The Wealth of Nations.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3676e37a6c444bf8b7f99c1a59e41d0e",
            "input": "This man described the Buddhist mandala as the \"path to the center\" in his Memories, Dreams, Reflections, whose appendices include Seven Sermons to the Dead. He described the union of opposite sexes with the term \"syzygy,\" and proposed non-causal connections called synchronicities. The Myers-Briggs test builds on his concepts of \"introvert\" and \"extrovert. \" He also theorized the male and female animus and anima. For 10 points, name this Swiss analytic psychologist, who claimed that universal images, or archetypes, form the collective unconscious.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-67538cb6db494ef4a0532587c90aecba",
            "input": "In a 1998 article in the New England Journal of Medicine a team of doctors and historians declared his cause of death to be typhoid fever. They drew their conclusion not so much from his symptoms of fever, chest pain, and partial paralysis as recorded by Plutarch and Arrian, but mainly because of strange reports that his body did not decompose until several days after his death. For 10 points, who was this man whose body, under orders by his general Ptolemy, was then immersed in honey to prevent further decomposition during the trip to his final interment in Egypt in 323 BC",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ec2b870d01654f3ebe57606453a2daf7",
            "input": "This author wrote about espionage in a short story in which Moldweorp turns against Porpentine, who is subsequently killed. That short story, \"Under the Rose,\", appears with \"The Secret Integration\" and \"Mortality and Mercy in Vienna\" in his collection Slow Learner. Last decade, he published a novel in which Prairie searches for her mother Frenesi, who had left her husband Zoyd Wheeler, while another is narrated by Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke. Those works, Vineland and Mason & Dixon were published after his most famous, in which the sexual encounters of Tyrone Slothrop precede V-2 rocket hits. FTP, name this reclusive American author of V., The Crying of Lot 49, and Gravity's Rainbow.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-22c6be15da4b442aa93a9e53b8d1007e",
            "input": "In quantum field theory, the partition function is equal to an integral of e to the power of quantity (an integral plus this quantity). In QED, the invariance of this quantity, along with the electric and magnetic fields, under gauge transformation is an easy way to derive charge conservation. In a scalar field theory, considering an extremum of this quantity leads to an equation identical to the Klein-Gordon equation. One version of this quantity is equal to a constant times the integral of the Ricci curvature tensor times the square root of the negative determinant of the metric tensor. Another version of this quantity is defined in terms of derivatives with respect to both the spacelike and timelike worldsheet (*) coordinates. For a classical orbit of a system in oscillating motion, this quantity is equal to the area enclosed by said orbit in phase space. Besides the Einstein-Hilbert, Nambu- Goto, and Polyakov versions of this quantity, this quantity times i over h-bar, all exponentiated, gives the probability amplitude of a given path in the Feynman formulation. Hamilton's principal function is equal to this quantity, which is stationary in the path followed by a physical system. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to the integral of the Lagrangian.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e46f6f1247d4df6a954f8a629ad442e",
            "input": "One composer from this country repeated the phrase \"Tirilil Tove\" in one of his choral Rose Garden Songs. Another composer from this country imitated a cork pop at the beginning of his \"Champagne Galop.\" A composer from this country conducted the premiere of Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor and wrote the overture Echoes of Ossian. The \"Ephphatha Chorus\" ends the opera Antikrist by a composer from this country who also wrote Music of the Spheres. A composer from this country instructed the snare drum to improvise as if to stop the orchestra's progress in his Symphony No. That composer of a noted wind quintet created a battle between sets of timpani in his Symphony No. , dubbed \"Inextinguishable.\" For 10 points, name this home country of Niels Gade, Rued Langgaard, and Carl Nielsen.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77119c1aebed493f8b5443fe80afbacc",
            "input": "A dispute over control of it led to a war which resulted in the Treaty of Ancon, which resulted in the transfer of the Antofagasta province. The Valley of the Moon is found within it, and it is also home to the Chiu-Chiu lagoon as well as the El Tatio Geysers. The Cordillera Domeyko rises in its eastern region, and separates it from its eponymous plateau. The Humboldt current is the cause of the aridity of its coastal region, and the mining of sodium nitrate here was once a large source of revenue for Chile. FTP, identify this large desert of South America.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ebd945322b24857afba484b632dc3fe",
            "input": "This city saw police actions against a mostly African-American radical group led by John Africa, culminating in a gel bombing of their headquarters that burned over 60 nearby homes. Besides the bombing of the MOVE group, this city is home to the New Year's Day festival called the Mummer's Parade. Policeman Daniel Faulkner's killing in this city led to a murder conviction for ex-Black Panther Mumia Abu-Jamal. Ed Rendell was mayor of this city before becoming his state's governor, and Michael Nutter is current mayor. FTP what city is better known for early history, like hosting the first two Continental Congresses",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c0846fbcdf3d431d97f5cb26f02fba49",
            "input": "As the god Rig, he created the three races of mankind:  the serfs, the peasants, and the warriors. Similar to the god Tyr, his rides the mount Gulltop, and lives in the hall of Himinbjorg. Born of the nine daughters of Aegir, he is also known as Gullintani because of his \"golden, shining teeth. \"  He can hear the grass grow and can see a hundred miles around him, and he will sound his great Gjallarhorn to summon the gods to battle at Ragnarok. FTP, name this Norse god of light, the guardian of the rainbow bridge Bifrost.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d01a46ef067447a4a20f1195caefa571",
            "input": "In one of this author's novels, the protagonist is an eleven-year-old girl who is raped by her father, Cholly. This creator of Pecola Breedlove also wrote a work that details the family history of Milkman Dead the Third. In another novel by this author, Sethe (seth-ee) and Denver live at 124 Bluestone, a house that is haunted by the ghost of a two- year-old who was killed with a handsaw so that she would not have to live in slavery. This author wrote The Bluest Eye and Song of Solomon. For 10 points, name this female African-American author who wrote Beloved.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-14dd313e956747d597093be90fd2c502",
            "input": "This thinker divided philosophers into \"tough-minded\" and \"tender-minded\" categories. In one essay, this man analyzed an argument over whether a man chasing a squirrel around a tree is going around the squirrel. This thinker defined truth as \"what is useful\" in a book subtitled, \"A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking.\" For 10 points, name this American philosopher, the author of Pragmatism and The Principles of Psychology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80056f77906f429fb51cd5bb893e9bb2",
            "input": "This man wrote a novel in which the title character pretends to be president of Black Rapids Coal Company on the Fidele on April Fools' Day. In addition to The Confidence Man, this man wrote about a coworker of Ginger Nut who responds \"I would prefer not to\" to any request. The [*] Piazza Tales includes this man's story \"Bartleby, the Scrivener.\" In one novella by this man, the titular sailor punches Claggart before getting hung by Captain Vere, and in one novel by this man, the crew of the Pequod, including Starbuck, Ishmael, and Captain Ahab, chase after a giant white whale. For 10 points, name this author of Billy Budd and Moby-Dick.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-27499ced4a4c4de885c7c1fff1e61818",
            "input": "His last sermon from an Oxford pulpit was \"Development in Christian Doctrine. \"  Before that, he had thrown himself into the tractarian movement in the Anglican church. While rector of Dublic Catholic, he published The Idea of a University. FTP, name this cleric who was provoked by Charles Kingsley into writing Apologia Pro Vita Sua.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1284c9c9d082414abf30f6662ad8cb41",
            "input": "He painted his dad sitting in a chair with his legs crossed in his Fauvist Portrait of the Artist's Father. He created a fake rip in the canvas near a pointing hand and a real bottle brush in Tu m', and his last major work was a peep show created in secret. He collaborated on the film Anemic Cinema with Man Ray, who photographed him in drag as Rrose Selavy, and he never quite finished a work also known as The Large Glass. In Advance of the Broken Arm and Bicycle Wheel are examples of a form he created that included one signed by R. Mutt. For 10 points, name this producer of ready-mades who caused a stir at the Armory Show with his Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-12801c4eeea64c50aae69cf9d896af83",
            "input": "In fluids, this quantity can be considered equivalent to energy per volume. If Bernoulli's principle is expressed with all the terms in distance squared per time squared, this quantity is divided by density, and an increase in this quantity has the same type of impact as an increase in energy. Integrating this with respect to volume gives work, and a calculation of enthalpy involves multiplying this times volume and adding the result to internal energy. This is commonly defined as force per area, and it varies inversely with volume in the ideal gas law. Name this quantity that can be measured in pascals, bars, or atmospheres.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-060707367de54226859fc5f107a49613",
            "input": "For unknown reasons his mastery of French at the age of 14 got him an appointment as interpreter and secretary to Francis Dana, U.S. envoy to Russia. His later travels were the subject of his Letters to Silesia, though he had already gained note as Publicola, a journalistic supporter of France over Britain. His work continued with the setting the groundwork for Rush-Bagot after he had headed negotiations at Ghent. Known as \"Old Man Eloquent,\" he died in 1848 on the floor of Congress. FTP, name this man who served as a Representative after serving, from 1825 to 1829, as the sixth president of the United States.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c07b39fade34804a1697b2cfd48e8be",
            "input": "Margaret Atwood wrote a short story in which one character from this play talks back, and Richard Curtis wrote a skinhead version of this play. Heiner Muller wrote an eight-page postmodernist machine version of it, and it was also the basis of the Akira Kurosawa film The Bad Sleep Well. One sequel to this work was written by Lee Blessing form the perspective of a Norwegian ruler, and another play that takes place in the same fictional universe begins with one character winning ninety-two coin flips, Tom Stoppards Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. FTP, name this tragedy that features the characters Osric, Polonius, and Laertes, centering on the prince of Denmark who notably asks to be or not to be",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32df77c1c2a6452390e58fb299422ab9",
            "input": "An incident in this colony involved British army officers shooting pigeons belonging to some villagers, and then shooting the villagers. Apart from the Denshawai Incident, this colony was notable for the great strides in colonial bureaucracy made by the English Consul-General Lord Cromer, which Hannah Arendt cited as a forerunner to totalitarianism. One political group in this colony had a youth wing known as the blueshirts; that movement was the the Wafd Movement, which had a strained relationship with King Fuad. After gaining independence, this colony was the site of a joint attack by France, Britain, and Israel in 1956. For ten points, name this North African country home to the Suez Canal.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e15c45b30474751a3dae384029172c2",
            "input": "While governor, this man vetoed a bill to fix the maximum amount of alcohol content in beer at 2.75 percent. As president, he vetoed the Soldiers Bonus Act and refused to let the government buy surplus crops by twice vetoing the McNary-Haugen bill. His cabinet included Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon, and he replaced Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes with Frank Kellogg. He served as the Mayor of Northampton before gaining national attention by stating There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time after he called the state guard to end a Boston police strike. FTP, name this successor of Warren G. Harding.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96b2cbeff503458eae97a42557598cc4",
            "input": "This country's president Gustavo Rojas was ousted during a civil war sparked by the assassination of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. A Marxist guerrilla group in this country is known as the National Liberation Army, or ELN. One citizen of this nation was murdered in 1994 after committing an own goal at the World Cup. This country's militant M-19 group may have been funded by (*) Pablo Escobar, the leader of its Medellin drug cartel. For 10 points, name this South American country at war with FARC, which is a leader in the production of coffee and cocaine.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08dd054442324bea9cb30075b308c288",
            "input": "He collaborated with Hans Toch to write a book on collective behavior, and he also investigated the difficulty of getting a seat on the subway and handed out folders to far-flung individuals in the lost letter experiment testing the \"six degrees of separation\" hypothesis. Earlier, he offered four dollars and fifty cents to participate in a trial of what he claimed was a new method of learning, in which one participant was an actor and all of the others administered at least three hundred volts. For 10 points, name this psychologist who designed the \"obedience experiment. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8ae6d72ba9b41e39d8817801f99574c",
            "input": "Characters in this novel often discuss politics at the Model Stationary Store, and one party is known for holding Sunday tea dances. This work open with a poem in which a character forsakes roses, diamond earrings, and verses of Teodoro in favor of the Emperor's black beard, and each of this novel's four sections is prefaced with a poem about one of the town's four heroines. Colonel Jesuino Mendonca murders his wife Sinhazinha and her lover, the dentist Osmundo Pimentel, while Professor Josue publicly recites a poem for his love for Gloria. One character in this novel is an engineer who is hired to remove a sandbar and who has an affair with Malvina, the daughter of Melk Tavares, while the politician Ramiro Bastos is opposed by the progressive Mundinho Falcao. The title character of this novel is from the backlands and eventually marries the Syrian owner of the Vesuvius Bar, whom she impresses with her cooking and love making skills. Set in the city of Ilheus, for 10 points, identify this novel about the title girl's relationship with Nacib Saad, a work by Jorge Amado.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-730e844a92704cd894dd37fed307c283",
            "input": "One character in this work owns a pipe made by Kapp and Peterson, which he calls a briar but another character calls a dudeen. Another character has a dance he calls the Net, which two characters name The Scapegoats Agony and The Hard Stool. One character notes that he feels AP-PALLED while examining his hat and talking to a character attempting to remove his boot. The labors of Fartov and Belcher are mentioned in a monologue by Lucky, whos instructed to think by Pozzo. For 10 points, identify this tragicomedy in two acts starring Vladimir and Estragon, a work of Samuel Beckett.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95005a108a134acab6b750066bc43905",
            "input": "The viewer of the title object of one of his poems feels a \"sharp tender shock\" after seeing two figures \"side by side, their faces blurred;\" that poem concludes \"What will ($) survive of us is love.\" The speaker of another of his poems claims \"Postmen like doctors go from house to house\" after beginning \"I work all day, and get (*) half-drunk at night.\" Because \"Man hands on misery to man,\" one of this author's poems advises \"Get out as early as you can / And don't have any kids yourself.\" For ten points, identify this British author of \"Aubade\" and \"An Arundel Tomb,\" whose \"This Be The Verse\" contains the memorable line, \"They fuck you up, your mum and dad.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d2dc24558aa747c5b5ae6e9f82280650",
            "input": "In this work, it is alleged that philosophy is not itself one of the natural sciences, but must serve only to elucidate the natural sciences. At one point in this work, it's author uses functions to prove that 1+1=2 in order to demonstrate the needlessness of the principia mathematica. It is later claimed by the author that the \"I\" can be nowhere found in sensory experience and is exactly as the eye is to the visual spectrum, nowhere to be derived from it. In its fourth section, its author invented the truth table and began work on defining a truth function through a generalized \"nand. \" Beginning with the line \"The world is all that is the case\" and ending with an exhortation to discard the work like a ladder once the heights have been climbed, this is, for 10 points, what book consisting of numbered statements named after a treatise by Spinoza, by Ludwig Wittgenstein",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4973fdc877fb4d6b84e14238dced1e23",
            "input": "This states largest city endured an 1855 Rum Riot, put down with the help of 1880 Prohibitionist Candidate for President Neal S. Dow.One of this state's Native American tribes won back 300,000 acres of land from the state government in Passamaquoddy v. Morton.Its twentieth division, commanded by Joshua Chamberlain, defended the extreme left of the Union line on Little Round Top at Gettysburg. Home to the industrial site of Bath Iron Works, it briefly allowed for same-sex marriages under Governor John Baldacci. Until the 1960s, it held a gubernatorial election in September, and an unresolved border in this state prompted the Aroostook War. For 10 points, name this state, home to Continental Liar James G. Blaine, which broke off from its southern neighbor Massachusetts in 1820.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ae6f8297b4341829e4c2aace42b6b97",
            "input": "This man, along with his cousin Timothy Folger, was the first to chart the Gulf Stream, which he gave its name. Along with John Hadley, this scientist conducted experiments in Cambridge that demonstrated the principle of evaporative (+) cooling. This scientist was the first to show the conservation of charge, and it is because of him that we use the terms \"\"positive\"\" and \"\"negative\"\" to describe charge. Georg Richmann was killed attempting to repeat an experiment in which this man attempted to show that vitreous and resinous (*) electricity were the same. For 10 points, name this inventor of the lightning rod and conductor of a kite experiment.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b404a3c919b4a90a32d290444d5c737",
            "input": "The edge named for this phenomenon describes the feature of a spectograph caused by it, and its namesake suppression counteracts that edge. Dense galactic clusters perturb the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation through an inverse form of this, the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. Plank's constant divided by a particle's rest mass times the speed of light gives its namesake wavelength, and the derivative of its cross-section is given by the Klein-Nishina formula. For 10 points, name this effect which describes a decrease in the wavelength of a photon when it collides with an electron, an American physicist's namesake scattering.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d21f79891fa45189bdcd8287c4596cf",
            "input": "This process is stopped by alpha-Amanitin, a toxin found in some mushrooms. In eukaryotes [yoo-KAIR-ee-ohts], this process can be blocked by chromatin compaction or histones, usually takes place near a TATA box, and occurs simultaneously as the creation of a five prime cap. In prokaryotes, it ends with the breaking of hydrogen bonds after the creation of a sugar-phosphate backbone. The reverse of this process can be carried out by some viruses, including HIV. Name this process carried out by RNA polymerase, which uses a DNA nucleotide sequence to create RNA.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-702b778f9571487987543b73fd6b9f2e",
            "input": "In one work, this thinker states that if the negro were stronger than the European, then Europe would have been divided by Africa. That work warns against the danger of humanitarianism and is called Les Systemes Socialistes. The instinct for combining and the persistence of aggregates are two of six residues that he hypothesized must be balanced by a ruling government in his Treatise on (*) General Sociology. This author of The Transformation of Democracy created a law for the logarithmic distribution of income and a namesake eighty-twenty principle. For 10 points, name this Italian economist whose namesake optimality occurs when no agent can be made better off without hurting another.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91c0a658d5394f5c9552500056db80ae",
            "input": "With the USSR, this man sent troops to the Republican side of the Yemeni Civil War. He joined his country with Syria in the United Arab Republic. He joined Muhammad Naguib to depose King Farouk with the Free Officers Movement. This African co-founder of the Non-Aligned Movement lost the (*) Six-Day War, built the Aswan High Dam, and nationalized the Suez Canal. For 10 points, name this man who preceded Anwar Sadat as President of Egypt during the 1960s.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb76955d356340899e114a2b55bb7887",
            "input": "The main character of this novel is the captain of a ship belonging to Pierre Morrel. The jealous Danglars and Fernand Mondego, who craves the beautiful Mercedes, cause him to be brought before Villefort, a royal prosecutor, who consigns him to the Chateau DIf to safeguard his own career. However, Edmond Dantes escapes the prison and creates an alias using a treasure revealed to him by a fellow prisoner. FTP name this novel in which the namesake nobleman visits revenge upon those who unjustly imprisoned him, a work of Alexandre Dumas.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-746a88bb07e54d73848dba8b4849bbf4",
            "input": "Despite a black-body temperature of 60 degrees Kelvin, its atmosphere is active, exhibiting the fastest winds in the solar system. With a color arising from methane absorption, it is also notable for its extremely clumpy ring system discovered in 1989 and a satellite in a retrograde orbit. For 10 points, name this gas giant whose moons include Proteus, Nereid, and Triton.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d75feb1e6aa8402bb70712928bc0bcaf",
            "input": "Melamine resin is formed by dehydration of this compound, while barbiturates can also be formed by addition of this compound to malonic acid. Other uses of this compound include separation of racemic mixtures. Originally produced by a reaction between silver cyanate with ammonium chloride, it is now made in indusrial quantities by heating carbon dioxide with ammonia. When arginine is split, it forms an ornithine molecule and a molecule of this; the principal end product of mammalian nitrogen metabolism. First isolated by H.M. Rouelle, FTP, name the compound used to disprove the theory of vitalism when, in 1828 Friedrich Wohler, first synthesized it from inorganic materials.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cbebd553fdd14b1590433fc84c5c96f2",
            "input": "Regarding one reform which he spearheaded, this ruler opined that \"it is better if this takes place from above than from below.\" The Black Repartition and Land and Liberty societies both formed in opposition to this ruler, as did the narodniki among the middle class. This ruler's military put down the January Uprising in (*) Poland, and his war minister Dmitry Milyutin introduced conscription to the army. The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood was built in honor of this ruler at the site of his death. This ruler ascended to the throne shortly after his country lost the Crimean War. Assassinated by the People's Will in 1881, for 10 points, name this Russian Tsar, the son of Nicholas I, who emancipated the serfs.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-677773aa0c6747f8a103d2413f172743",
            "input": "Inscriptions on the islands of Ios and Andros indicate that this deity laid down laws for mankind, and governs Sothis. After learning demotic, this deity wrote down the laws, and ordained things that no one had the power to change. While traveling to the Marshlands, this figure was led in front by Petet, Thetet, and Matet. Sometimes depicted as a kite, a scorpion stung Gloria's son with seven-fold poison after a slight against this deity, and this figure also protecteed sailors. Using Re's own saliva, this immortal was able to hold power over him by forcing Re to reveal his true name. She journeyed to Byblos to recover her husband, and breathed life into him after an attack by Seth, who would give up the throne to her son Horus. For 10 points, identify this Egyptian goddess of magic, the wife of Osiris.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e06134387f8547e0a808f90bd3cd8f19",
            "input": "One character in this work tells the story of Gyges's discovery of a ring of invisibility and his seduction of the queen and murder of the king. Another character in this work is forced to go to the house of Cephalus in Piraeus, and later discusses levels of \"bedness\", claiming that as each bedness shares its form with the original bed, if they are associated with each other ad infinitum, it creates an infinite regress of form. That character also describes how a man who sees the fire and the sun would at first want to turn his head or go back, but that his duty is to go back and get the other prisoners and help them to escape in a section usually called, \"the Allegory of the Cave\". For 10 pointsname this Platonic dialogue, in which Socrates claims that the best type of government is one ruled absolutely by a philosopher-king.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee1f79c298c745d99d53d79070595da9",
            "input": "Hayek Grossman criticized this work on the basis of Marx's analysis of enclosure laws in England, which somewhat contradict the thesis of this work. One section in this work discusses the scholarship of Richard Baxter, while a further section in this work discusses the impact that the wholesale abandonment of magic and the supernatural by society had on individual propensity to save money. One of this work's most notable concepts arises from the idea that care for worldly goods should rest \"like a light cloak\" on the shoulders of a saint; that concept would later be reworked by Robert King Merton into his namesake thesis and is described by this work as an iron cage of capitalism. The main thrust of this work states that the religious doctrines expressed by Calvinism led to an increase in monetary investment, leading to economic growth. For 10 points, name this work by Max Weber.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19a63af58134478dacfbbc62e119e2f9",
            "input": "This friend of the Thrale family opposed war with Spain in his Thoughts on the Late Transactions Respecting Falkland's Islands, and his last major work was his Lives of English Poets. His friend David Garrick produced his tragedy Irene, and he recounted his travels in A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, a trip he undertook with his biographer, James Boswell. For 10 points, name this author of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia, whose most lasting work was compiled between 1745 and 1755 as A Dictionary of the English Language.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b82bbd2e6bc24e11a6a98ba54494547f",
            "input": "His Productive Thinking was published posthumously in 1945. Earlier, he had earned his doctorate by inventing a lie detector for the objective study of testimony. His greatest discovery came due to the perceptions he experienced on a train trip in 1910, which led him to experiment with a stroboscope. The central tenet of his belief was Pragnanz, or \"precision,\" in organization, a concept he formulated after his enunciation of the phi phenomenon. FTP, name this man who, with Koffka and Kohler, founded Gestalt psychology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4871689200f452d8f421c1ee4af4351",
            "input": "As a lawyer, he became famous for his defense of Azariah Flagg in a vote fraud case, and rich through his representation of railroad interests. As a governor, he smashed the \"Canal Ring,\" just as he helped smash the \"Tweed Ring\" as Democratic state chairman. For 10 points, name this man, who became governor of New York in 1875, and would have become President in 1877 if it were not for that pesky Electoral College.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4dff479b0f714e509ca1bab7f0affcf4",
            "input": "Two pianos and six percussionists are featured in one section of its third part, which opens with a chorus of boys who sing that Cupid is flying everywhere. The following section of this work features three glockenspiels and is known as \"Blanziflor and Helena. \"  Earlier sections include \"On the Lawn,\" which features the German \"Reie\" dance, and \"In Springtime. \"  Originally staged in 1937 by the Frankfurt Opera, it begins and ends with a section about the \"Imperatrix Mundi. \"  FTP, name this orchestral work notable for its blaring \"O Fortuna\" section, which was based on a medieval manuscript and written by Carl Orff.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-567c98922e734693b856a9a21cf23335",
            "input": "One section of this work has the speaker proclaim, \"I go so far as to think that you own the universe\" and later state, \"I want / to do with you what spring does with the cherry trees\". The title creature of one poem in this collection \"[buzzes] in my soul, drunk with honey\", and elsewhere the speaker admits to being \"Drunk with pines and long kisses\". The concluding work in this collection sees the author repeat the image of being \"deserted like the wharves at dawn\" and proclaim, \"How horrible and brief was my desire of you! \" Another poem in it begins, \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines\". The first poem in this collection notes that the title object, \"[looks] like a world, lying in surrender\" and is titled \"Body of a Woman\". Ending with a work more somber than the others, for 10 points, name this collection of poetry by Pablo Neruda.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c91d07f39e994d4a9a4e11a5461a1965",
            "input": "Ruling kingdoms here included the Kediri and Singhasari. It was briefly occupied by the Mongols from 1292 to 1293, but the earliest known rulers at this site were known as the Sailendra. Islam was first introduced by the Wali Sanga, and its rulers of that faith included the Demak dynasty, which was founded by a citizen of the once-Hindu state of Majapahit. The most powerful state founded at this location was called Mataram and was eventually divided into Surakarta and Jogjakarta. FTP, name this island where Jan Coen established Batavia as the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company, which is now a part of Indonesia.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad15c1486757462db69a0bcaa56e0331",
            "input": "One section of this work concludes with the exhortation to \"wake,\" because \"when the journey's over, there'll be time enough to sleep. \" Another work in this collection discusses how \"the Nile spills his overflow / Beside the Severn's Dead\" and claims \"Fifty years to-night / that God saved the Queen\". Another poem in this collection is set \"by brooks too broad for leaping  in fields where roses fade\". One speaker in this work declares \"silence sounds no worse than cheers / after earth has stopped the ears\". Containing \"With Rue My Heart is Laden\", it also contains a work that claims \"Early though the laurel grows / it withers quicker than the rose\". For 10 points, name this poetry collection that contains \"To an Athlete Dying Young\", written by A.E. Housman.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3e894b08248484fa2a54ee61c5af871",
            "input": "One genus of these organisms is Aspergillus. One type of these organisms called \"\"fairy rings\"\" possess cells with more than one nucleus, called coenocytes, while these organisms more typically divided by septa into different sections of cells called hyphae. These hyphae in turn create a connected network called a mycelium. Often reproducing through spore dispersal are, for 10 points, what kingdom of organisms exemplified by mushrooms",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bdc9a8047eeb4ff1948dd2611920d3d8",
            "input": "One of the \"Golden Rules\" for operational amplifiers states that this quantity is the same at both inputs of an op-amp. Norton's Theorem states that some electrical circuits can be simplified to a resistor and a source of this in parallel. Kirchhoff's Node Rule states that the sum of this quantity entering and leaving a junction must equal(*) zero. Maxwell names a correction factor for the displacement type of this quantity in Ampere's Law. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to voltage divided by resistance in Ohm's Law, symbolized I, and measured in amps.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93352a9b59804e619d06b895b7ca5a58",
            "input": "The Julia reaction can form one type of these compounds, which can also be produced via dehydrohalogenation in the E2 reaction. The atoms forming their functional group are sp 2 hybridized, and these compounds can be hydrogenated to form saturated compounds in the presence of Raneys catalyst. The E-Z system is used to denote the substituents on these functional groups which can exhibit cis-trans isomerism. For 10 points, identify these organic compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds, whose simplest example is ethylene.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e2f2c7bbfb34498a20c33b99b028262",
            "input": "Operation Musketeer was launched against this man, who denounced the Baghdad Pact, also known as CENTO. He sent a military force to aid the Republicans in the North Yemen Civil War. With Syria, he founded a short-lived United Arab Republic, and he imprisoned Sayyed Qutb, the leader of the Muslim Brotherhood. Earlier, as leader of the Free Officers Movement, he had overthrown King Farouk. This man built the Aswan High Dam, and he attempted to take the Suez Canal back from the British. For 10 points name this man who led his country during the Six-Day War and founded modern Egypt.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b00c9774014e494fac26d2a18f22c208",
            "input": "This man willed one of his paintings to the National Gallery on the condition that it be hung next to Claude Lorraine's Embarkation with the Queen of Sheba; that painting depicts the tomb of Sychaeus on the right while an armored Aeneas faces away from the title character. This man names a prize given to such artists as Chris Ofili that is annually protested by the Stuckists. Another painting by this artist of Dido Building Carthage is dominated by a black (*) cloud curling around the sun and depicts the Salassians fighting a rearguard action while the title figure's elephants move into the distance. Another of his paintings depicts a small boat to the left of the Maidenhead Bridge, on which a rabbit is outpacing a black train. For 10 points, identify this British landscapist who painted Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps and Rain, Steam, and Speed.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7dbf453cf08a426a981df4b5014c8eec",
            "input": "One of this figure's consorts was Otrera, the daughter of the east wind Eurus. He rescued his daughter Alcippe by killing her would-be rapist Hallirhothius. He was wounded after attempting to avenge the death of one of his sons, who had been killed while trying to add Heracles to his temple of skulls. During the Gigantomachy, this father of the Macedonian Cycnus was imprisoned in a bronze jar by Otus and Ephialtes. Another of his children was the Ismenian dragon slain by Cadmus during the founding of Thebes; Cadmus later propitiated this god by marrying his daughter Harmonia. He turned Alectryon into a rooster after the youth's sleepiness led to Helios discovering this god's affair with Aphrodite. Phobos and Deimos accompanied this son of Zeus and Hera into battle. For 10 points, name this Greek god of war.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ba47b31f45d44e08a530851f7314482",
            "input": "Franz Boas used the example of the Kwakiutl to argue that this mans theory of matrilineal to patrilineal movement was flawed. In a work that included the sections Growth of Intelligence and Growth of Idea and Government, he added four more levels to an idea of Montesquieus, and he also wrote The American Beaver and His Works. His joint work with Ely S. Parker among the Tonawanda Seneca led to The League of the Iroquois, and in his most famous work, he posited savagery, barbarism, and civilization as three stages of societal evolution. FTP, name this anthropologist and author of Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity and Ancient Society.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a2b81c049314f56a6791d2cab4ec0ac",
            "input": "In an early scene in this work, the protagonist recounts an affair he had with Monique, a prostitute, and that protagonist later writes down the license plate number of a car that he suspects is following him. One character in this work plays a farmer's daughter in The Enchanted Hunters, a play which shares its name with a hotel. That character is abducted from a hospital by the(*) playwright Clare Quilty, whom the narrator later tracks down and kills. For 10 points, identify this novel in which Humbert Humbert lusts after the underaged \"nymphet\" Dolores Haze, written by Vladimir Nabokov.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3959bac1c17f432494d39885f6c286ee",
            "input": "The twelfth section of this work quotes a French song about departing for Syria, \"Una Voce [VOH-chay]   Poco Fa\" from Rossini's Barber of Seville, and \"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\". This piece's finale quotes  Tchaikovsky's Dance of the Little Swans. A section in this piece in which the glass harmonica is used   to make water sounds is followed by a section in which violins make donkey sounds. Xylophones are  used in this piece to re-create some of the sounds of its composer's earlier Danse Macabre. Name this  suite featuring sections such as \"Fossils\" and \"Aquarium\", a work by Camille Saint-Saens [san-sawn].",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74f6e8c5bfd64ade9c058d6a7ea093dc",
            "input": "In this composer's first opera, Arindal gains immortality with Ada. In addition to The Fairies, this man wrote an opera in which the title character rejects the Venusberg and the Pope's staff sprouts leaves; that opera is Tannhauser. Walther performs the \"Prize Song\" to gain entry in to the title guild in this composer's The (*) Mastersingers of Nuremberg, and this man frequently used the leitmotif. In one of his operas, the Liebestod aria is sung by Isolde over Tristan's dead body, and in another, Brunnhilde appears with the title group after the \"Ride of the Valkyries.\" For 10 points, The Rheingold is the first opera in what German composer's Ring Cycle",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a2a9d2eb6f64409989198646b1928f2",
            "input": "This council debated Jean Petits defense of tyrannicide, specifically considering the case of noted Pole-hater Johann von Falkenberg. At this council, Paulus Vladimiri condemned the conversion by the sword tactics of the Teutonic Knights. This council issued the decree Sacrosancta to controversially declare their superiority to the pope. It deposed Baldassare Cossa, also known as antipope John XXIII. It was here that Pope Gregory XII helped elect Oddone Colonna as his own replacement. It was called by Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, and it was a follow-up to the Council of Pisa. This council appointed Pope Martin V, condemned the teachings of John Wycliffe, and led to the burning of Jan Hus. For 10 points, name this 1414 to 1418 ecumenical council that ended the Western Schism.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf3f45f1b7df4792a29c04cc8b49ed6e",
            "input": "The speaker of this work notes that the truly fair shun politics, and that God doesnt permit worse men to harm better ones. This work posits that its speaker isnt a skillful orator, unless skill and truth are the same thing. The speaker claims to have a good character based on his refusal to bring in Leon for execution, and for serving in the military during the battles of Potidaea and Amphipolis. This work pins heretical astronomical beliefs on Anaxagorus during its speaker confrontation and interrogation of his accuser Meletus. For 10 points, name this work in which Socrates fails to defend himself against charges of atheism and corrupting the youth of Athens.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37806f4a41944f2f839ec926b445967f",
            "input": "Made a Shinto deity after his death and given the title Hokoku, his beginnings were far humbler as a son of a poor foot soldier. Despite these origins, he banned social mobility when he rose to power, prohibiting the carrying of weapons by civilians. On the international front, he is known for his 2 reckless invasions of Korea as he sought Japanese hegemony over all of Asia, a dream that was passed on to him by his old lord, Oda Nobunaga. However, this dream died with him in 1598. FTP, name this man who managed to temporarily unite Japan until the coming of the Tokugawa shogunate.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc4b0cf3417a4ced8665709b3604a9ea",
            "input": "This symphony features an oboe melody set against a round in its fourth movement, which is cited in Adornos Physiognomik as the first example of its composers namesake counterpoint. The Landler country dance is the basis for this works second movement, which opens with a cuckoos song played as an interval of a fourth as opposed to the usual interval of a third. Its composer described its finale as the cry of a wounded heart and requested that its seven horns stand up at its end, while its Blumine movement is often omitted. Its third movement, a funeral march, is based on the themes from Frere Jacques. Parts of the first and third movements draw from its composers Songs of a Wayfarer. For 10 points, which D-major musical work, the first by Gustav Mahler",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d7651f8e9a849318f3abf58e37a3a8d",
            "input": "In his inaugural address, this man noted that \"the great scheme of our constitutional liberty rests upon a proper distribution of power between the State and Federal authorities. \" He made Caleb Cushing his attorney general, and appointed only one Supreme Court Justice, John Campbell. His administration's foreign policy mistakes included recognizing William Walker's filibuster government in Nicaragua as well as having his Secretary of State William Marcy wind up on the receiving end of the Ostend Manifesto. This man's nomination was the result of deadlock between Lewis Cass, Stephen Douglas, and James Buchanan, and his cabinet included Jefferson Davis as Secretary of War. For ten points, identify this man, nicknamed \"Young Hickory\" for his ardent Jacksonianism, a Democrat who was elected President in 1852.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-35af35c593934c30956079eb8a7d758b",
            "input": "Although only 20,000 Americans died during this conflict, over 100,000 died in the ensuing Bolo War. Origins of this war included outrage over General Weylers creation of concentration camps and the outrage over the De Lme Letter. In the end, the Treaty of Paris ended the war, giving payments to the European belligerent but giving America Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. FTP; name this war which began in the McKinley Administration after the sinking of the USS Maine.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebc4ed73eb314df7bb58f65b08a93fd7",
            "input": "A reagent with two atoms of this element and two of chlorine appears in the Herz reaction, used in dye chemistry. Aryl ketones give amides using an ammonium salt of this element in a reaction whose Kindler modification uses morpholine and its elemental form and which is named for Willgerodt. One method of hydrogen production is a cycle named for this element and iodine. Catalysts with an aromatic ring that includes nitrogen and this heteroatom permits aliphatic aldehydes to undergo a condensation reaction analogous to the benzoin condensation; another example of umpolung is employing the formation of an acetal analogue that includes this element. Bonds between two atoms of this element are cleaved in a reaction named for Zincke. The pseudohalide tosylate is an acid of this element that includes a toluene group. Ylides containing this element are used to form epoxides in the Corey-Chaykovsky reaction. An acid containing this element is synthesized in the contact process. Another functional group containing this element is found in cysteine and was once called mercaptan. For 10 points, name this element in the same group as oxygen with a terrible smell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f65649740e7440ab762b047f5287c70",
            "input": "This work features sections entitled \"The Attitude Towards Personality,\" \"Maturity and Old Age,\" and \"Education for Choice,\" and uses people like Lola, Fala, Mala, and Siva as examples. Its 68 test subjects lived in three villages on the lee side of the island of Tau, and were all between the ages of about 9 and 20. Based on eight months living in the namesake locale, the author concluded that social and cultural structures play a large role in adolescent development. FTP, name this book, the best-known work of Margaret Mead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f1937ae8a3445098355002944a49241",
            "input": "His birthplace is a landmark in the Pyrenean city of Pau, and his statue on the Pont Neuf was the first royal statue to be rebuilt after their destruction in the French revolution. As King, he financed the North American expeditions of Pierre Dugua and Sieur de Monts, oversaw the construction of the Pont Neuf and the Place Royale in Paris, and worked with Sully to regularize state finance and encourage education. FTP, name this first Bourbon king of France, the issuer of the Edict of Nantes, who claimed that \"Paris is well worth a mass\" after converting to Catholicism.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c1b035f566f40708bc8db95b7fea9a7",
            "input": "He spoke of the \"Champak odours\" that fail \"like sweet thoughts in a dream\" and experimented with an Orientalist theme in the love poem \"The Indian Serenade. \"  He wrote of the life of the man who is bound by the titular \"Spirit\" to \"fear himself , and love all humankind\" in his \"Hymn to Intellectual Beauty. \"  The \"old, mad, blind, despised, and dying\" king symbolizes the times in his \"England in 1819\" and he employs terza rima to praise the titular weather phenomenon in his \"Ode to the West Wind. \"  FTP, name this poet who also refers to a \"Blithe Spirit\" and a traveler from an \"antique land\" in his \"To a Skylark\" and \"Ozymandias. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96fdad3db1824832bbae101537074ea5",
            "input": "Together with a Dutchman, this man is the namesake of the reverse of the Barnett effect, and he is also the namesake of a relation that states the diffusion coefficients of ions are proportional to temperature. Together with an Indian scientist, he is the namesake of a type of matter whose behavior is governed by the GrossPitaevskii equation, and a statistics for determining the distribution of bosons. He won the Nobel Prize for the law of the photoelectric effect, which he discovered in his spare time while working in the Swiss patent office. FTP name this scientist who formulated the theory of relativity and proposed that E equals mc squared.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ff10585354a4c0a98a2a20b531db648",
            "input": "In one this artists lesser known works, a furry brown creature wanders around on one of the title objects, and in the foreground, a wagon wheel and axel sit without the wagon. In addition to The Icebergs, this artist also painted a landscape in which the sun is shining directly into the eyes of the viewer, illuminating the central river to reveal a flock of birds and a bunch of tropical trees. In one of his better known works, this artist portrays a sunset above a river, with trees to the right and purple mountains in the distant background, a skill he may have learned from his teacher, Thomas Cole. For ten points, identify this Hudson River School painter who liked to paint gigantic canvasses, and whose works include Twilight in the Wilderness and a famous representation of Niagara Falls.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0158c5b342704baf94646317ccd0e0e5",
            "input": "At one point during this work, one of the title figures delivers a monologue in which he laments that hes \"not old enough to do without women, and not young enough to go and look for one without shame. \" In the second act, one figure acts out the real life incident in which her father attempted to hire her as a prostitute for Madame Pace, and the two younger children will say nothing as long as another character is not present. As this work opens, the titular figures are preparing to rehearse the play Mixing It Up, and it ends with The Boy's suicide while The Manager concludes, \"Pretence Reality To hell with it all!... I've lost a whole day over these people. \" FTP, identify this play about dramatic creations that demand a creator, written by Luigi Pirandello.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fec1410b817349bd83c5120885f73e15",
            "input": "A variation of this process in prokaryotes includes the enzymes lactonohyrolase and NADP+ oxoreductase and is named for Entner and Duodoroff. The rapid acceleration of this process by M2-PK in cancer cells is known as the Warburg effect, while one product of this pathway is moved into a downstream process via the malate-aspartate shuttle. One enzyme is this pathway is regulated by both a liver promoter and a neuroendocrine promoter that control the transcription of two different isoforms, while another one is inhibited allosterically by alanine and ATP, and is responsible for transforming phosphenolpyruate to pyruvate, which is the final molecule of this pathway. Divided into an \"investment\" and \"payoff\" phase, this process creates a net total of 2ATP. FTP, name this pathway that contains pyruvate kinase, glucokinase, and phosphofructokinase-1, and is responsible for splitting a glucose molecule. \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-96393256792f4831b9c360e39fe5c224",
            "input": "Though his elaborate attempt at breeding civet cats for profit failed miserably, his interest in economic improvement can be seen in early works like An Essay Upon Projects. His column the \"Scandal Club\" appeared in the newspaper he founded, The Review, at around the same time that he worked on stories like The Apparition of One Mrs. Veal. His mock-Pindaric ode Hymn to the Pillory was composed after he was imprisoned for the first time in response to his pamphlet The Shortest Way with Dissenters. But he didn't publish his best-known works until he was sixty; this included novels like Duncan Campbell, Captain Singleton, and A Journal of the Plague Year. FTP identify this sometime spy whose most famous works include Roxana, Moll Flanders, and Robinson Crusoe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9fffa7eed90b476a92d913277adf2981",
            "input": "Chandara takes the blame for her brother-in-law's killing of his wife in this author's story \"Punishment. \" In addition to Formless Jewel, this author wrote a work in which the title character, who wears the title plant, challenges the king of the Fortress of Kubera, while Nikhil's wife Bimala is the middle of a love triangle in his novel The Home and the World. This author of the play Red Oleanders and the collection Wild Geese also penned the line \"what had gone: the golden boat took all\" in another collection, while Yeats wrote the preface to his most famous work, which contains 103 poems. FTP, identify this Bengali author of the collection Gitanjali, or Song Offerings. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82630aad633b4241aea996ebcb0d8c97",
            "input": "wrote about two brothers named Morris and Zachariah in The Blood Knot and his Sizwe Banzi is Dead opens with a forty-five minute monologue. For 15 points, name this South African author probably best known for Master Harold and the Boys.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fcb2b22f4f0a4d4e9778306207436f01",
            "input": "This author created the vainglorious Aristabalus Bragg in a work about the Effingham family's return to New York, Home as Found. He described the romance of Lucy Hardinge in Afloat and Ashore, a story that would be continued in Miles Wallingford. He wrote of monkeys traveling in Europe and set another work in 16th Century Bavaria. In addition to The Monikins and The Heidenmauer, he wrote about politics in A Letter to his Countrymen and The American Democrat, while his trilogy about the Anti-Rent War included the novel The Chainbearer. Characters created by this man include Harvey Birch, in a story of Revolutionary War intrigue, as well as Judith Hutter, who appears in a series of novels that also features Cora Munro, the evil Magua, and the noble Uncas. For 10 points, identify this author of The Spy who chronicled the adventures of Natty Bumppo in the Leather-Stocking Tales.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-492e5f2f474a4a0085d529c0444f1dca",
            "input": "He notes that prairie dogs give three hurrahs all unstingingly as to the moon in Great Western Plains, contemplates an opera production in Carmen de Boheme, and compares a musician to Aesop in Black Tambourine. In another of his works the speaker reflects on keeping ones good humor in times of despair. That piece, Chaplinesque, along with such titles as Voyages and At Melvilles Tomb can be found in his first collection of poetry White Buildings, which was published four years before his greatest work: an epic divided into such sections as Powhatans Daughter and Cutty Sark. For ten points, identify this American poet best known for his poem The Bridge.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54bc5658f5164339bbe07a5c38fc111b",
            "input": "In one work, this philosopher rejected an earlier thinker's conception of \"anticipation of nature\" in favor of an \"interpretation of nature\" based on observation. He invented an ideal university called Salomon's House in a work set on the fictional island of Bensalem. He labeled the false notions we learn through received definitions of words as the \"Idols of the Market,\" which appear alongside the Idols of the Tribe, Cave, and the Theatre in a work that attempts to replace Aristotelian syllogism with eliminative induction. For 10 points, name this 17th-century English author of The New Atlantis and Novum Organum, who contributed to the birth of the Scientific Revolution.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77d1736c2f514080b50751535ec31e3d",
            "input": "In one work, this philosopher wrote about a man who questions the title character, who is on his way to charge his own father with murder. This philosopher wrote about a Pythagorean astronomer in Timaeus. This thinker used the allegory of prisoners watching shadows on the wall of a cave in one work. This man advanced his theory of forms in a work that describes the last teachings of Socrates entitled Phaedo. For 10 points, name this Greek philosopher who wrote The Republic, the founder of the Academy and teacher of Aristotle.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-178552d7ce2a485d81078ed308acc8b8",
            "input": "This poet states that \"\"Life is real! Life is earnest! \"\" in his poem \"\"A Psalm of Life. \"\" He wrote \"\"The Jewish Cemetery at Newport,\"\" and his poetry collections include Voices of the Night and Tales of a Wayside Inn. In another of his poems, John Alden loves Priscilla, but his friend, the title character, is also in love with her. That poem, \"\"The Courtship of Miles Standish,\"\" was written after his poem about Minnehaha (MIN-ee-HA-ha), who lives near Gitche Gumee along with her husband Hiawatha. For 10 points, name this poet of Evangeline and \"\"Paul Revere's Ride. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-411b0a0f16334efe976c34d99d501a37",
            "input": "The Sellmeier equation relates it to wavelength for each absorption resonance, taking into account the dispersive effects of the medium. It can be defined for the group velocity as well, but is usually defined for the phase velocity so as to keep track with the actual motion of the medium itself. Negative values have recently been found as a result of exotic metamaterials, and the value itself is commonly expressed as the geometric mean of the permittivity and permeability of the medium. For 10 points, name this constant which describes how the speed of light is affected by a medium.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1bf4a1bdeb8a40cd8e8e3b26704035f2",
            "input": "This writer built upon work by John Grote and William James in distinguishing between \"knowledge by acquaintance\" and \"knowledge by description\". He also developed James' idea that the basic building block of everything was neither mind nor matter, his theory of neutral monism. In one of his works, he explained why he did not believe in God and immortality and did not believe Christ was the the best and wisest of men, and he also compared belief in God to belief in a celestial teapot. This thinker developed type theory to resolve a problem with Gottlob Frege's set theory, which he found to allow his paradox of the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. Name this author of Why I Am Not a Christian who worked with Alfred North Whitehead on Principia Mathematica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9126bbe189da4ea88dfffacea37c7203",
            "input": "The speaker of this poem asserts that Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough Gleams that untravelled world, before he notes the dullness of rusting unburnished, not to shine in use! The speaker of this poem also describes his subjects as a rugged people, and asserts that his son, through soft degrees, can Subdue them to the useful and the good. This poem notes that It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles/And see the great Achilles. At the end of this poem, the title character declares that he is made weak by time and fate, but strong in will, and resolves to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. For ten points, identify this poem about the hero of the Odyssey, a work by Alfred, Lord Tennyson.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c91a0f72ac5d4d4b9df4f1899a5ae339",
            "input": "This man sent Henry Shelton Sanford to lobby Congress and his father invested in a failed settlement at Santo Tomas de Castilla. This brother of Empress Carlota was made Duke of Brabant at the age of nine. After the death of his wife, this man married his mistress Caroline Lacroix and survived an assassination attempt by the Italian anarchist Gennaro Rubino. One of this ruler's lieutenants led the Emin Pasha Expedition, and in 1889 this ruler outlined a plan to defeat Arab slavers through development. Mark Twain and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle notably criticized this man's resulting project, which relied on the brutal Force Publique. The Casement Report detailed the horrors inflicted on workers who failed to meet rubber quotas for this ruler, who sent Henry Morton Stanley to Africa. For 10 points, name this King of Belgium from 1865 to 1909 and ruler of the Congo Free State.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0cda6ea6eaa4a21aa142045c60b0073",
            "input": "quantum version of this quantity is equal to electron charge squared times the density of states at the Fermi energy and is used to describe two dimensional electron gases. For a concentric sphere with opposing charges on the spheres, this quantity is derived by first using Gauss's law to find the Electric Field between the spheres. Eventually, that method gives a value of 4 pi times the product of the two radii divided by the difference of those two radii for the concentric sphere. In (*) series, it is calculated as the harmonic sum of the individual values of this quantity, while in parallel, this quantity is additive. It is often calculated by dividing charge by voltage. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in farads, defined as the ability to store electrical charge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1182b7e0e3874f73a1f9087f974bb1dd",
            "input": "He negotiated for one of his sons to marry the Byzantine princess Theophano, and he divided Mecklenburg between two margravates. At the behest of Pope John XII, he invaded Italy and deposed Adalbert, after which he was crowned in St. Peter's. He had earlier thwarted Berengar, the king of Burgundy, by venturing into Italy a year before his coronation and marrying Adelaide, though he was drawn back to his homeland to put down a revolt by the Duke of Lotharingia, Conrad. His chronicler, Thetimar, claimed this man would rather \"die than tolerate [the] evil\" of the Magyars, whom he defeated in 955 at Lechfeld. FTP, name this son of Matilda and Henry the Fowler, the first Saxon ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dbe11ec3a97e431fa21ded6c30df040f",
            "input": "Asterisms in rubies and star sapphires are caused by inclusions of this element, and a compound containing this metal is used in the original version of the Mukaiyama aldol condensation. This metal isopropoxide derivative is used in the Sharpless epoxidation, and one method of extracting this metal creates two equivalents of MgCl2 as a by-product, known as the Kroll process. This metal is usually extracted from illmatitte or rutile, and its tetrachloride is used as a common Lewis acid, while its nitride is used as a cover for drill bits. For 10 points, name this lightweight durable metal found in spacecraft, planes, missles, and most modern technology, with atomic number 22 and symbol Ti.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06e5895e6519473b8429b4f81720f93a",
            "input": "This characters wife and seven sons were burned alive in Gath, a fact that he reveals to a pious Friar who turns out to be a former groom of Wolf von Filnek. He impresses the Dervish Al-Hafi and the Templar Curt von Stauffen with his enlightened views, and raises his foster daughter Recha in no specific religion. Al-Hafi says of him that he has brains, knows how to live, and plays good chess, a description that refers to Moses Mendelssohn. He responds to a dangerous question from Saladin by telling the parable of the three rings. FTP name this title character of a play written by Gotthold Lessing, a really tolerant Jew known as the Wise.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c9db2767ca7d46698f27d1a8f2761dd8",
            "input": "The protagonist of his most famous comedy, based on an episode from Juan Ruiz de Alarcn's Truth Suspected, claims that he can't share the recipe for a certain medicine because it is in Hebrew. That protagonist confides in his valet Cliton and eventually declares his love for Lucrece in The Liar. The title character of another play is a Roman soldier at war with Alba, where his wife Sabine is from, and another play, subtitled \"The Mercy of Augustus,\" is titled after the grandson of Pompey. In addition to Horace and Cinna, he wrote a play in which Chimne loves the title character, Rodrigue, who earns his nickname while fighting for the Castilians against the Moors. For 10 points, identify this French playwright of Le Cid.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a8bb84730b53473bb9241c6e1e73a103",
            "input": "This mans Stabat Mater ends with a Paradisi Gloria performed by the whole choir featuring very few breaks and no division of voice parts, unlike the piece by Lassus which it is often compared with. Like Thomas Tallis, he produced some Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet, though he resigned afterwards in protest of the way choirboys were fed. His Mottetorum liber secundus includes motets by his brother and two sons, two of his 250 motets, an early book of which was dedicated to Pope Julius III and resulted in his admittance to the Cappella Sistina. His most famous work, for six voices, demonstrated that the mass could be intelligible in the context of polyphony and was submitted to the Council of Trent. FTP, name this 16th century composer of the Roman School, best known for his Pope Marcellus Mass.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-935a27730817406c880cfff6be18c443",
            "input": "His first symphony ends with a passacaglia and despite its odd title is actually composed of four movements. One of this man's works, which was originally called The Serpent Heart, features a Parodos that introduces the characters and includes a notable \"Dance of Vengeance. \" Another of this man's pieces opens with a flute solo before other themes, including one for brasses, begin; it is the second of two Essays for Orchestra. He was inspired by Prometheus Unbound in creating his Music for a Scene from Shelley and looked to Sheridan to compose the Overture to the School for Scandal. Another work by this composer of the Capricorn Concerto originated as the slow movement of a Quartet in B minor and was first performed by Toscanini in 1938. For 10 points, identify this composer of Vanessa and the Adagio for Strings.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2fb9236784bd41398b27e62fca64e623",
            "input": "In \"Getting Down Off the Beanstalk,\" Susan McClary claims that the first movement of this piece represents the \"murderous rage of a rapist incapable of attaining release. \" Trombones first appear in a D major trio in its \"Scherzo\" second movement, which includes the unique use of timpani playing Ritmo di tre battute. This work features a solo for the fourth horn in its third movement, which takes place prior to the last movement, where the hymn-like theme passes from the cellos and basses to the vocalists. FTP, name this D minor symphony, whose fourth movement sets to music Schiller's \"Ode to Joy,\" which was the last symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-40d69a43215c429a91023422b92d1d9d",
            "input": "The antagonist of this novel has a maid named Kitty who falls in love with the hero. The protagonist of this novel uses his servant Planchet to get a letter to the Duke of Buckingham. The protagonist of this novel rides an old yellow horse into town before getting himself into three consecutive duels on his first day. That hero of this novel falls in love with Constance Bonacieux and is antagonized by Milady de Winter. For 10 points, name this novel in which Athos, Porthos, and Aramis assist d'Artagnan in foiling Cardinal Richelieu, a work of Alexandre Dumas.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63d5b8f37912464da6f08179847b2d47",
            "input": "This mans wooden crucifix depicted the body of a peasant, not the body of Jesus Christ according to one contemporary, and this man agreed after witnessing the perfection of that contemporarys crucifix for Santa Maria Novella. His technique of schiacciato can be seen in such works as The Ascension, with Christ Giving the Keys to Peter and The Feast of Herod, while he may be better known for a bronze sculpture of a contrapposto figure holding a sword as well as a sculpture of Eramso da Narmi astride a horse. For 10 points, identify this Florentine sculptor of a bronze David as well as Gattamelata.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-763a0a465846433991c74ca2221bfc2d",
            "input": "This man developed a spheron cluster model for the structure of the nucleus. This man's second rule, the electrostatic valence rule, appears in his rules determining the structure of complex ionic crystals; he also names a set of rules to determine the strength of oxoacids. He provided enormous insight into quantum chemistry in his influential textbook The Nature of the Chemical Bond, which also explained the nature of orbital hybridization. His proposal for the nature of DNA was a triple helix, and late in life he advocated for administering megadoses of Vitamin C to cure illness. Name this man, whose namesake electronegativity scale assigns fluorine a value of four.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1965389b9e7d41b78f8606e70169f537",
            "input": "Sections of this work discuss early Roman law and the Germanic wadium, while it begins with a quote from the Havamal, a portion of the Edda. This work extends the author's first work, a collaboration in which he analyzed analogous ideas in Hinduism and Judaism. Marilyn Strathern critiqued this book from a gender perspective, while Sahlins' article on the \"The Spirit of [It]\", claimed that its author may have misunderstood an idea called the hau, in which the souls of the people involved in the title ritual become intermingled. The author views the title concept as multivalentthat is, a situation where a single action stands for all of society, called a total prestation. Drawing from Malinowski's study of the kula ring and the institution of the potlatch, for 10 points, identify this sociological work about the titular exchange by Marcel Mauss.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ab534fb5da24564affddb451a7bbddf",
            "input": "The title character eventually marries the sister of William Walters in one work, while another title character goes to Virginia with his master and prospers from running a plantation in The History of Colonel Jacque. This author hailed a hieroglyphic state machine, contrived to punish fancy in, in his poem A Hymn to the Pillory, and a fable taken from Roger L'Estrange begins his pamphlet The Shortest Way with Dissenters. The narrator H.F. Narrates a work based on the events of 1655, A Journal of the Plague Year, and he wrote of a woman who accidentally marries her own brother and a man who spends 35 years away from home after being shipwrecked. FTP, identify this autor of Moll Flanders and Robinson Crusoe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-759324b1845a4a3eaa841ad426f1a8b9",
            "input": "This scientist conducted a study in which people watched Medical Center before deciding whether to donate money to charity or to steal it. He sent information packets to people in Omaha and Wichita, asking if they knew a person in Boston, an experiment which led him to formulate the \"Six Degrees of Separation\" hypothesis. This conductor of the \"Small World\" experiment paid an actor to pretend to be shocked as another person was told to increase the voltage. For 10 points, name this psychologist who conducted a namesake \"Obedience to Authority\" experiment.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9fb76f2cce93447983b06d624e4a2876",
            "input": "One building in this city served as the headquarters for the Energy Corporation in Rollerball. A legend about the best-known church in this city states that a black footprint located in the church's foyer was where the devil stomped his foot after discovering that Jorg von Halsbach had built windows that were cleverly concealed by columns. This city's park Englischer Garten is in the style of Capability Brown. That best-known church in this city has twin towers topped with a cupolas modeled after the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, which tower over the city. This city is located on the Isar River. That used in Rollerball is the BMW Headquarters and Museum. That best- known church is the Frauenkirche and its central square is Marienplatz. Mein Kampf was written after the failed Beer Hall Putsch in this city. For 10 points, identify this Bavarian city that hosts Oktoberfest.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-606a3561243e4489ba54104b61c5f4e6",
            "input": "This man's first cabinet post was as President of the Board of Trade, where he instituted his country's first minimum wage. Late in his life, he concentrated on writing a History of the English-Speaking Peoples. He was disgraced when he counseled his friend Edward VIII during the Abdication Crisis. This attendant of the Yalta Conference gave the \"finest hour\" speech. He replaced the signer of the Munich Pact, Neville Chamberlain, in his highest post, in which capacity he oversaw the Battle of Britain. For 10 points, name this Prime Minister of the UK during World War II.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-918451089b9e4912a3ef35a2d6aef403",
            "input": "As a young man, he was so ill-behaved that his tutor Hirate Masahide committed seppuku. After allying with the neighboring Imagawa and Kira clans, his victory at the Battle of Ino secured mastery over his native Owari province. He became the protector of Yoshiaki, defeating the Rokkaku clan who supported his rival Yoshihide. He pioneered arquebus tactics while wiping out the Takeda at the Battle of Nagashino and revolutionized fortification with his Azuchi Castle, but his most masterful victory came at the Battle Okehazama. Treacherously beheaded by one of his generals, for ten points name this Sengoku warlord and first unifier of Japan.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-022725c96c36466a9429abb48b62ce74",
            "input": "The notion was first heralded in the ethics of German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach, who believed that it dissolved when human relations become close and communitarian. However, it was most famously adapted to describe a particular conception of dialogue that opposes both the religious goal of a mystical union with God and the idea of any impersonal or objective knowledge of God. For 10 points, what is this phrase used to describe the interpersonal dialogue between God and man in a 1922 work by Martin Buber",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3fddff849724b31953c58b20f898e4d",
            "input": "Richard Pollak wrote a critical biography of this thinker that attempted to expose him as a \"charlatan.\" This man wrote about raising the mentally disturbed in Love Is Not Enough. This man discussed autonomy and technology in his The Informed Heart, which drew on his experiences in concentration (*) camps. This man talked about treating the title child, who acted like a robot, in \"Joey: the Mechanical Boy,\" and this man introduced the theory of the \"refrigerator mother\" in his work on autism. He is more famous for a work where he analyzes things like \"animal groom\" stories and works of the Brothers Grimm. For 10 points, name this Austrian psychologist who discussed fairy tales in his The Uses of Enchantment.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b01e55db769c4236bc0ce484ce9d6058",
            "input": "The title character of this work at one point gives a speech about the legendary Dave Singleman, who inspired him in his profession. A climactic confrontation occurs at Frank Chop's House, where we are introduced to the suspected prostitutes Letta and Miss Forsythe. Other significant moments include the title character's hallucinated conversations with his elder brother Ben and the final scene of Act II in which he drives away to commit suicide to cash in on an insurance policy for his family. FTP, name this play about the failures of Biff, Happy, and Willy Loman, a work by Arthur Miller.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1e7ca42970346f8ba8be277e273f538",
            "input": "This author wrote a play in which a woman dreams that she gives birth to a snake that bites at her breast, drawing both blood and milk. Another play by this author is set into motion when Eteocles refuses to step down as king, which prompts a group that includes Adrastus and Tydeus to invade the title city. This author wrote a trilogy in which the Furies are renamed \"The Kindly Ones\" after the title character is acquitted of his mother Clytemnestra's murder. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek playwright, the author of Seven Against Thebes and the Oresteia.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dcade052e04b4907bfee5514059bf0e1",
            "input": "She appeared to Celeus as an old woman named Doso, but Metanira foiled her attempts to make Celeus' son Triptolemus immortal. Euripedes' fate is discussed by a group of women attending this goddess's festival in an Aristophanes play, and another festival in her honor was held at Eleusis. Knidos made a well-known statue of this goddess, who can only spend two-thirds of the year with her daughter due to that daughter eating a pomegranate. For 10 points, name this Greek earth goddess, the sister and mother-in-law of Hades, and mother of Persephone.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5806366e1f774c2abde78f2e68b0e55d",
            "input": "This figure hid among King Onkios's horses before Poseidon discovered her and sired Despoina with her. She tried to make Demophon immortal, but was thwarted when his mother saw him burning. She turned Lyncus into a lynx after he tried to kill her priest Triptolemus. Along with her daughter, who ate several pomegranate seeds in the underworld, she is the focus of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Her daughter spends four months of each year with Hades, causing this goddess to bring winter. For 10 points, name this mother of Persephone, the Greek goddess of the harvest.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6b9de6a2a3f484996a789f5697ac29f",
            "input": "In one of this authors poem, the speaker thinks he sees \"the angel there that holds the crown\" claiming to \"know thy glittering face. \" That poem's speaker believes he will perish \"to-night, a quarter before twelve. \" In another poem, the speaker imagines a man as \"lean as death\" who rode across a \"wither'd heath\" and stops at a hotel addressing a \"Wrinkled ostler, thin and grim,\" \"bitter barmaid, waning fast\" and \"slipshod waiter lank and sour. \" That poem begins with a man getting off a winged horse and going inside a palace with the child of sin, while that first poem is written in the style of Robert Browning and describes a (*) saint that had stayed on a column for three years. Another poem of his describes a figure who \"knows not what the curse may be / and so she weaveth steadily,\" and describes an \"island in the river flowing down to Camelot. \" For 10 points, name this author that included images of \"long fields of barley and rye\" in his \"The Lady of Shallot. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9799a1f694874c1290db757176209489",
            "input": "A futuristic version of this American city was the home of Rick Deckard in Philip K. Dick's novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep. Dave Eggers moves himself and two siblings from Illinois to this city in his somewhat exaggerated memoir, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius. This city's namesake \"Renaissance\" included the poets Lew Welch and Philip Whalen, with author/teacher Kenneth Rexroth at the forefront. Those poets were joined by Gary Snyder at the famous 1956 reading at the Six Gallery in this city, at which Allan Ginsberg's \"Howl\" was first read. Also the setting of The Maltese Falcon and Lawrence Ferlinghetti's City Lights bookstore is, FTP, what California city featured in Randy Shilts's The Mayor of Castro Street, a biography of Harvey Milk, and Vikram Seth's The Golden Gate",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0d29083b4c349289f32a92dea238a93",
            "input": "Po-nee-aku and Po-nee-mai were the parents of one of these in Hawaiian mythology. One of these creatures could only be placated by people who had donated bread to the poor, and dwelled near the giantess Modgud. Zeus petrified one of these creatures when it set out after the Teumessian Vixen, and Heracles killed one when it tried to defend its owner, a three-bodied giant. One of these creatures died happy upon recognizing Odysseus in disguise. Laelaps, Orthrus and Argos were all examples of, FTP, these animals also exemplified by such underworld guardians as the four-eyed Garm and the three-headed Cerberus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fee994efd6a44801a868c5167249f5a7",
            "input": "Theophrastus wrote that this author's one completed work was a papyrus he left in the Temple of Artemis which criticized Anaximander for underestimating the role of injustice in men's lives. Diogenes Laertius wrote that his works were left unfinished because of melancholia, which caused him to be referred to as the \"the weeping philosopher. \" His is known for arguing that \"everything is in a state of flux,\" and he established a term for the fundamental order of the cosmos: Logos. For 10 points, name this pre-Socratic thinker who thought all matter was made of fire and said something about not being able to step into the same river twice.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-59ec78c862b4441c8a04084f5b07d2e3",
            "input": "This country's city of Bellinzona is known for three castles that guarded the route into its Ticino region, and other castles in this country include one in the center of the town of Neuchatel and the Chillon Castle near a city that hosts a popular jazz festival, Montreaux. Tourists are attracted to this country by resorts in Verbier and (*) Zermatt as well as a castle that may have been designed by Leonardo da Vinci in Locarno and the covered Chapel Bridge in Lucerne. Its second most populous city of Basel is located on the Rhine, while the Jura Mountains rise above its city of Lausanne. For 10 points, name this country that is home to Zurich and Geneva.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d104ab1a9c1b4fa6a1be4f7617ece2ef",
            "input": "His time teaching in New York inspired his lament of higher education, The University in Exile. Those later years were also devoted to the general problem of learning, resulting in the posthumous publication Productive Thinking. After a public debate with Jung over word association technique in 1906, he moved around Europe until a 1912 train ride prompted thoughts on illusory motion, which led to his formulation of the phi phenomenon. FTP, name this thinker who, along with Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler, founded the gestalt school of psychology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31a3c2100c1b4a3f88ed694e41bfef68",
            "input": "Reforms instituted by this emperor included the division of his provinces among twelve vicars, each of whom supervised a diocese. He went by the signa Jovius, and his wife Prisca was once made to publicly sacrifice to the gods. He would become emperor after defeating Carinus, the son of his predecessor, Carus, at the Battle of Margus, a victory that ended the rule of the Illyrian emperors. He held a council at Carantum to resolve a succession crisis, and this author of the Maximum (*) Price Edict delegated some of his powers to Maximian early in his reign. His ascendancy ended the Crisis of the Third Century, and this man created a system wherein two men were appointed augustus and two men caesar called the Tetrarchy. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor known for his Great Purge of Christians.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45dd2d7e3f2542afba71ccbf32a99ced",
            "input": "Two kinds of this force cause inconsistencies in rigid-body dynamics in the Painleve paradox. The Tomlinson model describes this force at the atomic level, and this force causes buildup of electrostatic charge in the triboelectric effect. The independence of this force from area of contact is described by Amonton's second law, and for a block on an inclined plane, the static coefficient of this force is equal to the tangent of the angle. For 10 points, name this force perpendicular to the normal force, which resists the motion of objects sliding against each other.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dceff16f0ef9410b836461d1c9ca113b",
            "input": "ruled this city after the Battle of Glisas was won by the Epigoni. The area of this city was first settled by the Ectenes and their ruler Ogygus. Another king of this city was named Labdacus, and. like his predecessor. was killed by the Maenads after outlawing the Bacchanals. A king of Phocis named Pelagon gave the founder of this city a (*) cow which he followed to its location, and that founder defeated the spartoi who sprung up when he planted dragons' teeth. One ruler of this city decrees that Polynices and the other Argives could not be buried after a war, and one man saves this city by answering the Sphinx's riddle. That king is the father of Antigone and sleeps with his mother Jocasta. For 10 points, name this city of Creon and Oedipus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0be08f3128af4735870620a3e4b277ee",
            "input": "This author of the plays \"The Confidential Clerk\" and \"The Elder Statesman\" wrote fan letters to Groucho Marx and kept a picture of him on his mantle beside Yeats and Paul Valery. His second volume of poetry, \"Ara vos prec\", carries his early cynicism to extremes, as seen in works like \"Gerontion\" and the Sweeney poems, while his conversion to Anglicanism in the late 1920s is reflected in his late poems, including \"Journey of the Magi\", \"Ash Wednesday\", and \"Four Quartets\". FTP, name this poet probably best known for his long poem \"The Waste Land\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c1a2586918243a997b449233867ada5",
            "input": "One of the leading players of this instrument in the jazz idiom became popular with the song \"Comin' Home Baby\" and later released the fusion records London Underground and Memphis Underground. In addition to Herbie Mann, notable players of it included Otto Luening and the founder of the French Wind Quintet, Jean-Pierre Rampal. Currently, James Galway is a noted player of, for 10 points, what woodwind instrument, normally keyed in C, whose variations include the Japanese shakuhachi and the smaller piccolo",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-12c769621094483d82244d1b264af941",
            "input": "In a poem by Lawrence Ferlinghetti, this titular being finds himself afraid of Coit Tower, but not of Congressman Doyle. A play whose title refers to Sir Francis Crewe and which was written by W.H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood is titled after the one Beneath the Skin. In The Unbearable Lightness of Being, Tomas obtains one of these named Karenin for Tereza. One of these is the subject of an experiment by Professor Preobrazhensky in a Mikhail Bulgakov novella about the heart of one, and nothing is said about one of them named Montmorency in the title of a Jerome Jerome book about Three Men in a Boat. FTP, identify this animal, other examples of which include Dorothy's companion in The Wizard of Oz, Toto.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8587ea23aaef46f3b660b60cc0eaf28c",
            "input": "This man uses the example of the three different types of names the Penan bestow on a person in the chapter \"The Individual as a Species\", part of a larger work also addressing \"Time Regained\". One of his works contains a summary of hallucinogenic plants in the chapter \"Mushrooms in Culture\" and traced how a myth evolves in \"The Story of Asdiwal\". This author of A View from Afar addressed the mythology of the titular objects created by Pacific Northwest Indians in The Way of the Masks. His experiences in Brazil were detailed in his memoir, the Sad Tropics. The Origin of Table Manners and the Naked Man are the last two entries in a four volume work beginning with The Raw and the Cook, his Mythologiques. For 10 points, name this author of the Elementary Structures of Kinship, a founding structural anthropologist.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ef9dec140744782b32f573fb0396cdc",
            "input": "One type of these entities is characterized by identical sequences of about 400 repeated base pairs flanked by inverted repeats of about 15 base pairs. Another type of these structures is responsible for causing the condition of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila. In addition to MITEs and P elements, another type of these structures found abundantly in humans is called Alu elements which are a form of SINEs. The first one to be discovered is the Ac-Ds system which was found during studies of the maize plant. First discovered in 1983 by Barbara McClintock, for 10 points, identify these mobile sequences of DNA that are often nicknamed \"jumping genes. \"",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5276f30511314fe585a1e69a45b56210",
            "input": "In one battle in this conflict, the duke of Somerset stationed himself at Linnels bridge, only to be captured after being pushed into Devil's water. In addition to the putting down of a revolt by the marquess of Montagu at the battle of Hexham, this conflict saw a battle in thick fog in which the earl of Oxford's troops cut down a man attempting to reach his horse during the scuffle. Humphrey Stafford died soon after the first battle, after which Warwick entered London to crown Edward IV. The \"king maker\" is killed at Barnet, while Margaret of Anjou is finally captured following Tewkesbury. Begun following St. Albans, FTP name this series of wars fought between the houses of Lancaster and York.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-707045308e0b43f0b5ff0baeea56ce1d",
            "input": "This thinker's development of a non-dialectical path to social organization and liberation stands as a radical exception to bourgeois trajectory of thought according to Antonio Negri's analysis of his thought, The Savage Anomaly. A 1780 public dispute between F. H Jacobi and Gotthold Lessing centered on this man's philosophy. like Hobbes this thinker adopts an amoralist stance regarding \"natural right\" but unlike Hobbes concludes in one work that democracy and not monarchy is the most natural form of state. In a major work he articulates a substance-monism wherein modes and attributes of that infinite substance give rise to variety and attempted to organize those arguments relating God, substance and humanity in a \"Geometrical Manner. \" For 10 points, name this author of the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus and Ethics a Dutch Jewish philosopher.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6eab924086ec47cb8fe5cc16727016e7",
            "input": "The beginnings of this court case can be traced back to the efforts of George Rappelyea, who wished to promote the mining industry in Dayton. Its defendant had violated the Butler Act. The defense attorney in this case called the prosecutor up to the stand and questioned him about the validity of the Bible. Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan were the main figures of, for 10 points, what 1925 court case whose defendant, a high school teacher, broke the law by teaching about evolution",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b6bb1c9abb2944e29b3899579948e713",
            "input": "Lynda J. Dryden compares this work to The Simpsons in an essay about its impact on popular culture, To Boldy Go. J. Hillis Miller asked Should We Read this work, while Edward Saids book Culture and Imperialism contains an essay about the Two Visions of this work. Another criticism of this work dubs its author a bloody racist; that essay is An Image of Africa by Chinua Achebe. For 10 points, name this novella about Charlie Marlowes journey up the Congo to find Kurtz, by Joseph Conrad.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a6b157f9a9954318bea06652aaa51e65",
            "input": "One author from this country wrote about the artist Hurtle Duffield Courtney, while the Newby family is killed by a half-native of this country in another work. In addition to The Vivisector and The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith, another novel in this country is written in the style of the Jerilderie Letter, and another tells the story of a German explorer named Voss. Its only Nobel Laureate is Patrick White, while other authors from this country include Nevil Shute Norway, Thomas Keneally, and Peter Carey. For 10 points, name this country, the setting of Oscar and Lucinda, in the outback.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a33e31ec95549d593a6343b91a58c5d",
            "input": "This opera's premiere at La Scala was marred by the false exclamation that the lead soprano, Rosina Storchio, was pregnant with Arturo Toscanini's child when her dress blew in the wind. It's not Lakme, but this opera sees the title character and her servant sing the Flower Duet while decorating a house. An aria in this opera tells of standing on a hill and predicting the appearance of a (*) white ship. The love duet \"Bimba, bimba\" is sung in this opera, whose title character also sings \"Un bel di\" as she awaits the return of her husband in this opera. At the end of this opera, Pinkerton rushes in a moment too late to save his wife Cio-Cio San from committing suicide with her father's knife. For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera set in Japan.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33433355891a422ea2c053bb42a268a8",
            "input": "The conversion of methionine to S-adenosyl-L-methionine by Met Adenosyltransferase is the first step of the reaction leading to synthesis of this molecule, and the final step involves ACC-oxidase, an enzyme that is made in the presence of auxins. The first genes encoding a receptor for this molecule were found in Arabidopsis and tomatoes, and plants have a variety of responses including inhibition of stomatal closing and acceleration of fruit-ripening. In bromeliads, exposure to this chemical induces flowering, and it is used as an inhalatory anesthetic in moderate does for humans. For ten points, identify this molecule with formula C2H4, the simplest alkene.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-44b7678b93c54ecfa0ef6d714d25475b",
            "input": "In one of his works, the speaker urges to \"grow old along with me!\" since the \"best is yet to be\", while the speaker of another of his poems initially thinks that the \"hoary cripple, with malicious eye\" had \"lied in every word.\" This poet of \"Rabbi Ben Ezra\" wrote a poem which states, \"You need not clap your torches to my face,\" part of his collection (*) Men and Women. In addition to \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\" and \"Fra Lippo Lippi\", this author wrote a poem which tells of a woman whose heart was \"too soon made glad\" and whose portrait was painted by Fra Pandolf. For ten points, name this English author and husband of poet Elizabeth who wrote \"My Last Duchess\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56c6f55812454e6db14a87425d390ace",
            "input": "In the first act of this opera, the aria \"Qual occhio al mondo\" comforts a woman's suspicions of another woman who has blue eyes. Earlier, those two women are compared in the tenor aria \"Recondita armonia\", while later a soprano grieves over her painful decision in \"Vissi d'arte\". The tenor sings \"E lucevan le stelle\" while writing a farewell letter to his lover in prison. During the second act the title character of this opera reveals the whereabouts of political revolutionary Angelotti to the police chief Scarpia, who reneges on the deal to prevent the execution of painter Mario Cavaradossi. For 10 points, name this opera ending when the titular opera diva jumps off the Castel Sant'Angelo, composed by Puccini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88a9de7fa07948e6b2454f242f64eae8",
            "input": "One reactant for this reaction is best prepared by an S N 2 nucleophilic addition of a triphenyl compound, followed by elimination of the hydrogen halide by an organolithium reagent. This reaction itself proceeds through a rather unique intermediate formed when the pi electron from the reagents carbon-oxygen double bond migrates to the positively charged pole of one reactant; this intermediate is called a an oxaphosphetane, from which a triphenyl oxide is eliminated to complete the reaction. The aforementioned positively charged pole is on phosphorous because the aforementioned prepared reactant is a phosphorous ylide. For ten points, name this reaction that produces selectively double-bonded alkenes from aldehydes and phosphorous ylides and that is named for the German 1979 Chemistry Nobel winner.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f30889b07ded4f6c803b355eaf8767ab",
            "input": "This creator of octave-free teaching pieces known as Gyermekeknek is also responsible for the suite Out of Doors. One piece by this composer is best known for its andante second section, entitled \"Through forest aroving, hey-yah! \" In addition to Cantata profana, this composer created a piano piece with a movement called \"From the Diary of a Fly,\" a pantomime similar to The Wooden Prince, and a work for Sacher in which a non-standard instrument draws the work to its A-major conclusion. For 10 points, name this composer of Mikrokosmos, The Miraculous Mandarin, and Music for Strings, Percussion & Celesta; a collector of Hungarian folk music.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa436405b7924b8984e448d2b0869965",
            "input": "The first solution to a nontrivial instance of this problem was presented by Dantzig, Fulkerson, and Johnson in 1954 and employed linear programming technqiues to provide a solution for a graph of 42 nodes. An optimal solution to the \"Sweden\" instance of this problem, the largest one so far solved, was generated by the (*) Lin-Kernighan heuristic. Formally stated, the problem is to find the Hamiltonian cycle for a weighted graph with the minimum edge cost. For 10 points, identify this NP-hard problem in computer science, based on the task of visiting every city in a territory and returning to the start while driving a minimum distance.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de3ccad70fa04ee9a50c9076f324a789",
            "input": "In Book 13 of The Odyssey Odysseus tells Athena he is from this polity, and claims to have killed Orsilochus from this place. Led in the Trojan War by Meriones and Idomeneus, another ruler from here who received advice from its Cave of Zeus was scalded to death after revealing a fugitive using a spiral shell and a thread-that inventor had earlier designed two mechanisms used to avenge Androgeus, a prince of this polity. Site of Heracles's seventh labour, an abduction ending here led to the gifts Talos, Laelaps and an unerring javelin. For 10 points name this polity to which Europa was taken, home of a namesake bull, where Daedalus crafted a labyrinth for the Minotaur, ruled by Minos.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-588d0e2d3c824a39bc720d329a69d3e1",
            "input": "This author's innovative writing style was important in the development of poetry in both Spain and Latin America. Born in 1867, he began traveling the world, and while in Buenos Aires organized a group of followers who established the Spanish-American modernist movement, a synthesis of romanticism, Parnassianism, and the symbolist movement. His first collection of poetry, Azul, was published in 1888, and his best piece would come 22 years after that. FTP, name this poet, whose best work was Poem of Autumn, born Felix Ruben Garcia-Sarmiento.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe55bb9887004fb5ba639f2ea5615829",
            "input": "In this novel, the protagonist has an encounter with John Wilson while delivering a pair of gloves. Governor Bellingham is distressed when a child fails to name God as her creator; that same child refuses to let her father kiss her when they meet by a brook. A key scene in this novel has the protagonist join a man standing upon a (*) scaffold. Robert Chillingworth had earlier been married to the protagonist of this book, who falls in love with the Reverend Dimmesdale. Because of that affair, Hester Prynne is forced to wear the title item upon her breast in, for 10 points, what novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cba8ac504ba34530854f8e50625bb225",
            "input": "This substance is transported by a heterodimer of OST-alpha and OST-beta, and by NTCP and MRP2. One component of this substance is synthesized by 7-alpha hydroxylase and is conjugated to glycine or taurine. Cholestyramine is used to sequester one component of this substance, which is required to absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K. The vessels that carry this substance produce by gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase; those vessels are called canaliculli. This substance contains degraded porphyrin, and it is secreted into the (*) intestines in order to emulsify fat droplets. This substance is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. For 10 points, name this yellow substance which contains bilirubin, important in digestion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0121eb3e6387421895651b9f251afb67",
            "input": "This author wrote one detective novel, in which art critic Leo Druscovich kidnaps the sculptor Gladys D'Onofrio. In another of this author's novels, characters obsessively listen to the symbolic radio serial The Wounded Captain. That novel includes Celina impersonating her mother Leonor in order to write letters to Nene and the death of the policeman Francisco at the hands of Big Fanny, all of which happens due to the promiscuous affairs of the tubercular Juan Carlos Etchepare. This author described the cow-shooting plumber Josemar in Blood of Requitted Love, and also wrote Pubis Angelical in addition to a story about a student who composes the essay \"The Movie I Liked Best,\" Toto Casals. For 10 points, name this writer of Betrayed By Rita Hayworth, who also created the cellmates Molina and Valentin in Kiss of the Spider Woman. \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62ba0cafe2d643079410ce20913a94aa",
            "input": "This ruler attacked the custom of smoking in his essay \"\"A Counterblast to Tobacco,\"\" and he wrote about witchcraft in his book on demonology. Anthony Weldon dubbed this king \"\"the wisest fool in all of Christendom. \"\" This ruler angered Parliament by playing favorites, such as by making George Villiers the Duke of Buckingham. During this man's reign, Guy Fawkes attempted to destroy parliament in the Gunpowder plot. For 10 points, name this son of Mary, Queen of Scots, the successor to Elizabeth I and first Stuart monarch.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b43a19f0aed46cca10f56937f091594",
            "input": "He nicknamed one of his generals Quintus Icilius after a dispute over the battle of Pharsalus. He was a grandson of George I of England through his mother Sophia Dorothea and his brother Henry was allegedly invited to be emperor of America by Baron von Stuben. He allied with Britain in the Convention of Westminster and despite winning the battle of Rossbach, he was on the verge of collapse before being saved by the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg in the form of the accession of Peter III with the death of the Czarina Elizabeth. He accepted the least amount of land of the powers involved in the First Partition of Poland, but managed to hold on to Silesia which he had taken from Austria following the ascension of Maria Theresa and his rejection of the Pragmatic Sanction. For 10 points name this man who fought the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years War as King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63b3cd3440564812aa6bc9c773a37ed3",
            "input": "A July 2007 speech by this man in Senegal offended Africans by referencing \"\"African peasants. \"\" This man gained national attention in the early '90s for attempting to negotiate the release of children taken hostage by a man called the Human Bomb. More recently, this man's government was the subject of a scandal in which politicians were alleged to have received cash-stuffed envelopes at the mansion of Liliane Bettencourt. This politician also made the news after his wedding to (*) singer-model Carla Bruni. For 10 points, name this current president of France.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9631fdb00a345f0b25cc9a48996ef64",
            "input": "He wrote essays on Goethe and Chekov in Points of View, and his essay on the painter Zurbaran can be found in his The Vagrant Mood. In his middle years he began openly living with his lover Gerald Haxton and began writing short stories like \"Trio,\" \"Encore\" and \"Rain. \"  He had more success with plays like East of Suez and Lady Frederick, but his current fame rests on novels. FTP, name this writer who created autobiographical characters like Willie Ashenden and Philip Carey in such novels as Cakes and Ale and Of Human Bondage.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6959dfe358943b8a876cad5303b85d9",
            "input": "Justice David Josiah Brewer was out of the country during this case, meaning only eight justices contributed to the final vote. Albion W. Tourge and Samuel F. Phillips each helped prepare briefs for the plaintiff and were the only men to argue for him. William Rehnquist wrote a Random Thought supporting this decision two years prior to the 1954 case that would overturn it. John Marshall Harlan was the lone supporter of the plaintiff, who had previously lost his case against the State of Louisiana, which he claimed had denied him his Fourteenth amendment rights by jailing him for his refusal to sit in a colored train car. For 10 points, name this 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the doctrine of separate but equal.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3028295620d6442eb803388a6ecf0471",
            "input": "This artist's last finished work, which shows a mythical bird holding an easel and a wavy magic carpet going across from lower left to upper right, is Tempered Elan. His early works--influenced by Impressionism--include Autumn in Bavaria, and he wrote that \"each period of culture produces an art of its own\" in his book Concerning the Spiritual In Art. His work showing a person riding a white horse shared its name with a movement led by him and Franz Marc. Several of his works were titled Improvisation or Composition followed by a number; one of them, Improvisation 31 is nicknamed Sea Battle. Name this Russian-born painter who spent his productive years in Germany and painted The Blue Rider.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95eef40cfd064ceb880ad39af8e064df",
            "input": "The growing influence of Henry St. John led to the end of this conflict, especially after his secret meetings with Torcy. George Rooke capture a massive amount of wealth during one of its battles, while another saw the French Earl of Galway command English troops against French troops under the command of an Englishman, the Duke of Berwick. Seeing clashes at Almansa, Vigo Bay, and (*) Ramillies, its final chapter was marked by the defeat of the Duke of Burgundy at Oudenarde and of Villars at Malplaquet. Eugene of Savoy and the Duke of Marlborough led armies for the victors in, FTP, what conflict that saw the Battle of Blenheim, a war ended by the Treaty of Utrecht and named for Philip V's ascension to the throne of a certain Iberian country",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0b1f2a0e6ee4424d87668340699d430c",
            "input": "During this dynasty, painting and sculpture flourished, as seen in the production of its famous eponymous horses. Buddhism was suppressed and monasteries dissolved during the Hu-chiang period, while its greatest territorial expansions occurred under Hsuan Tsung, whose ambitions were finally checked by the Arabs at the Talas River. Great decline occurred after the An Lu-Shan rebellion, which served as subject material for its great poets, including Tu Fu and Li Po. FTP, what was this 618-907 Chinese dynasty whose name is now associated with astronauts",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0c97bcdbfea54931b2e88f65acd3d429",
            "input": "An approximation of it named for Russell uses the TDS value to determine one of its parameters via the Langelier approximation, while one constant that appears in it has units of moles per kilogram to the one half power, according the Bates-Guggenheim convention. Along with Guggenheim, Scatchard and Bronsted improved upon this model by developing the SIT theory, and that model has a better fit than a modification of it named for Davies. This relationship assumes the existence of only long-range interactions, and it was extended to account for Brownian motion by Lars Onsager. It assumes that the solvent is structure-less and that the solution is dilute, and the theory behind it implies that the electrostatic potential falls off exponentially when r is greater than the atomic radius due to screening by counter ions. For 10 points, identify this equation which is used to calculate the activity coefficients, and is named for a German and a Dutch scientist. \r",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91f27e8ead104d78a39399183ee1affd",
            "input": "Lindstrom's theorem states that first-order logic is the strongest logic having both this property and satisfying the Lowenheim-Skolem property. A method for finding a Hausdorff space with this property containing a given space is named for Stone and Cech. Equicontinuity is the main condition for determining whether a family of functions has this property by the Arzela-Ascoli theorem. Using the axiom of choice, it can be shown that an arbitrary product of spaces with this property has this property, a result known as Tychonoff's theorem. In Euclidean space, being closed and bounded is sufficient to show, according to the Heine-Borel theorem, that a set has this property. For 10 points, identify this property which holds of a set on which every open cover has a finite subcover.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4449c0fab46b482b900ad01eff7e695a",
            "input": "He described the titular city as \"branchy between towers\" in his poem \"Duns Scotus's Oxford\". Another poem says the speaker will not \"Despair, not feast on\" the title entity, and another title object is predicted to \"flame out, like shining from shook foil\". In addition to \"Carrion Comfort\", another poem of his describes the title creature as \"morning's minion\", \"daylight's dauphin\", and a \"dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon. \" Another poem of his praises \"Whatever is fickle, freckled\" and \"skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow\". That poem ends by saying \"Praise him\", referring to its first line, where it urged \"Glory be to God for dappled things\". For 10 points, identify this author of \"God's Grandeur\", \"Pied Beauty\", and \"The Windhover\", whose masterpiece was The Wreck of the Deutschland.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-12629ce8038f40e7ab33f2e3caddac43",
            "input": "In one poem, this man wonders if the title figure seeks \"the plashy brink\" or \"marge of river wide\" and concludes confidently that God will \"lead\" his \"steps aright.\" In that poem, this man asks the title bird \"Whither... thou dost thou pursue thy solitary way\" This poet opened another work by considering \"him who in the love of nature holds communion with her visible forms.\" For 20 points, name this American poet of \"To a Waterfowl\" who also wrote a \"meditation on death\" called \"Thanatopsis.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-28c7f25c9b0742d39143b27168c42dac",
            "input": "This man examined the failings of philosophers in debate in a work that outlines thirty-eight methods for winning an argument. Another work by this philosopher opens with a critique of Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals and was the only entry in an essay contest this man still failed to win. This thinker claimed that anyone who could read Phenomenology of Mind \"without feeling as if he were in a madhouse, would qualify as an inmate for Bedlam.\" This author of The Art of  (*) Being Right and On the Basis of Morality used the phrase \"operating on a blind man's cataracts\" to characterize reading Kant in a work whose fourth book, \"Ethics,\" delves into Eastern philosophy and specifically self-denial following a discussion of aesthetics. Describing unobservable truth as a \"thing-in-itself,\" for 10 points, name this author of On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and The World as Will and Representation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d512797d8dad4533a0b0346632d4b777",
            "input": "One of these is emitted in the Auger Effect, and these particles were detected in a Faraday box after a nickel target was rotated, which allowed for the calculation of lattice spacing and confirmed the de Broglie hypothesis. These particles scatter photons in the Compton Effect, and they were the first particles hypothesized to exhibit spin. For 10 points, name these elementary particles that were the focus of the Davisson-Germer experiment, orbit the nucleus of an atom, and have a negative charge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1f54e78449444eb85f70324e6d21b80",
            "input": "Of these, we learn that theres a flame / Whose light still shines / Leading us on / Through fields and bridges in a David Byrne song about the Carnival type. Spiders dancing on the wall are in an Ozzy Osbourne tune about the ghosts behind them. Jimi Hendrix says I realize that Ive been hypnotized in a song about the gypsy kind, while the Velvet Underground says the fact that you are married only proves youre my best friend in another song about these. For ten points, name these objects which belong to Bette Davis in a song by Kim Carnes and whose blue variety Roger Daltrey is behind in a the Who song.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-518cc6bc324c41bcb14c875fd1098617",
            "input": "This philosopher's early works were derided as the \"perfection of rottenness\" by William James, referring particularly to his book Interpretations of Poetry and Religion. He wrote a book on aesthetics which defined beauty as \"pleasure regarded as a quality of the thing.\" He wrote a book on epistemology which argues against Cartesianism and claims that the human belief in matter is unavoidable; that book declares that \"philosophy begins in medias res.\" This philosopher is known for his aphorisms, such as \"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.\" For 10 points, name this Spanish-American philosopher who wrote The Sense of Beauty and Scepticism and Animal Faith.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ec1eb48ec684fb5b026e2373e5da919",
            "input": "In the Thioreskssaga, he was the grandson of the King of Spain, wielded the sword Garm, and rode the fearless horse Grani, an offspring of Sleipnir. After killing Fafnir he captured the Andvaranant and was married before falling under the spell of Grimhild. Forgetting his wife, he married Gundrun, and was eventually slain by Gundrun's brother Guttorm. FTP identify this husband of Brunhilde and hero of the Ring Cycle. \t",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b65f9f5076e848bba90455ff3935b11b",
            "input": "Zeinab and Kathema and The Retrospect are among the short poems of this author among the miscellany now called The Esdaile Notebook. His verse play satirizing George IVs attempts to bar his wife Caroline from her privilege to the throne, Oedipus Tyrannus, or Swellfoot the Tyrant, was suppressed, as was an 1811 pamphlet which got him and Thomas Hogg expelled from Oxford, The Necessity of Atheism. Better known is his elegy which concludes that his friends soul like a star,/Beacons from the abode where the Eternal are, and his avian ode that begins, Hail to thee, Blithe Spirit! Author of Adonais and To a Skylark was, for 10 points, what Romantic who also wrote Ode to the West Wind",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71b2b2244fb64044bb8cc5ebdfea567d",
            "input": "One of this author's poems condemns a man who goes to parties and steals people's napkins, and another describes a voyage home on a boat that resembles a bean pod. This author addressed his town Sirmio as the most pleasant of peninsulas, and asks for more kisses than grains of sand in the desert in another poem. He translated Callimachus's poem The Lock of Berence, and this member of the Neoteric group dedicated his collection of poems called nugae to Cornelius Nepos. This figure's more famous poems include one about the death of his lover's sparrow, and one beginning ave atque vale on the death of his brother. For 10 points, name this Roman poet who wrote poems to Lesbia.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7fd251934dc94e4dbac98fae60e5437b",
            "input": "This author outlined his views on religion in works like \"The Human Abode of the Religious Function\" and A Common Faith. This philosopher argued that knowledge is obtained from active interaction with an organism's environment in his article \"The (*) Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology. \" In addition to arguing that the state arose out of subsequently larger local organizations in one work, this philosopher argued that public habits must be cultivated early in life. He outlined his views on aesthetics in Art and Experience, and in his most famous work, this philosopher defined the title subject as the \"social continuity of life\" and argued that it should be structured with experimentation to prepare children for a creative life. For ten points, identify this philosopher who wrote The School and Society and Democracy and Education, an American Pragmatist.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-743f509f13d3483e8a33c5c1b87208b8",
            "input": "Motifs in one of this author's novels include street lamps and ribbons, which stop appearing after the protagonist sees that his now-elderly lover has white hair. Another novel by this writer details an agricultural fair at Yonville in real time. In that novel, the protagonist attends Lucia di Lammermoor with a man who works as a \"health doctor\" because he is not good enough to be a real doctor. This author wrote a novel in which Marie Arnoux carries on an affair with Frederic Moreau. His most famous character, married to Charles, romances Leon and Rodolphe before drinking arsenic. For 10 points, name this author of A Sentimental Education and Madame Bovary.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-400c31edc7204be4af1dd3b7530c0711",
            "input": "This musician died in 1976 in seclusion at the New Jersey estate of Pannonica de Koenigswarter, his patron, after whom he named one of his songs. He was house pianist at Minton's in Harlem in the early 1940s, where he greatly influenced the playing of Bud Powell. Known for his odd habit of getting up and doing a shuffling dance when moved by his or his sidemen's playing, his studio album Brilliant Corners gave a boost to John Coltrane's career. FTP name this composer of \"'Round Midnight\" and subject of the film Straight, No Chaser.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d347f64ec7441f3a0dc20356528d264",
            "input": "He failed to win the Prix de Rome five times. His piano cycles include Miroirs and Gaspard de la Nuit, and he was fascinated by the east as evidenced by Tzigone, a work inspired by gypsy music. He composed adaptations of three of Tristan Klingsor's Sherezade poems and wrote two full length operas, The Spanish Hour and The Child and His Spells. FTP, name this French composer who modified Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, most famous for his repetitive Bolero.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06dda170d9c84cd5b2ae23ac0cedabbb",
            "input": "A mixture of this compound and hydrogen peroxide is used in the Piranha clean. This compound is produced along with hydrogen iodide in the Bunsen reaction, part of a cycle used to produce hydrogen gas. This compound is reacted with sodium chloride in the Mannheim process and is useful in the production of fertilizer because it is added to apatite in the \"wet method\" of phosphoric acid production. This compound can reversibly add a blocking group to benzene rings and protonates nitric acid for electrophilic aromatic substitution. A vanadium-five oxide catalyst is used for the production of this compound in the contact process. For 10 points, name this diprotic acid with formula H2SO4.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fca926dc18394fc3b7d51d7fc569e714",
            "input": "Its main musical adherent was Jakob von Domselaer, whose minimalist works were called Experiments in Artistic Style; and its magazines first cover was designed by Vilmos Huszr. Although its ideas were often publicized by Mies van der Rohe, the only building to entirely follow this movements principles was Gerrit Rietvelds Schrder House in Utrecht. Inspired by the philosophy of Nieuwe Beelding or neoplasticism, as well as neoplatonic notions of perfect forms, this movements adherents included other architects such as J.J.P. Oud as well as visual artists like Theo van Doesburg, who published its eponymous journal from 1917 until his death, which led to the fragmentation of the movement in 1931. FTP name this largely Dutch art movement which Piet Mondrian rejected after other members use of overly dynamic diagonal, rather than vertical and horizontal, lines.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-18001d51e4fa4a1092aac19b6bbf2a2c",
            "input": "This ruler launched an expedition against the Welsh prince Maredudd of Deheubarth. This ruler issued the Edict of Enham and the Edict of Bath, which recommended nation-wide fasting. Sigeric served as Archbishop of Canterbury during this mans reign, but this mans closed advisor was the Bishop of Worcester, Wulfstan. This mans reign saw an invasion led by Thorkhell the Tall, who this ruler had to pay off. This mans general Byrhtnoth [burh-t-noth] defeated King Olaf Tryggvason of Norway at the Battle of Maldon. This mans predecessor was killed by Queen Elfrida and became known as Edward the Martyr. For ten points, name this ruler whose St. Brices Day Massacre led Sweyn Forkbeard to invade England and who once defecated into the baptismal font en route to becoming an ineffective Saxon King of England.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76989f0c4e4b49e4971e79cb6e0f5b03",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel throws a snowball at Gerstacker after asking him whether he can drive the protagonist around, to which Gerstacker replies, \"What do you mean\" A conversation with Pepi, a substitute barmaid, is found in the remaining eighty pages of this work, which were found among its author's papers. The protagonist works as a school janitor after the mayor disregards his letter from Klamm and learning that his services were erroneously requested by the title structure. Ending with Frieda leaving with Jeremiah instead of the protagonist, who still has not heard from Count Westwest about working as a land surveyor, FTP, name this novel about K.s frustrating inability to penetrate the title building, by Franz Kafka.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-338fe6934fa14cc988f5ce845d9fe3ad",
            "input": "This man designed St. Paul's Church in Cedar Rapids, Iowa and Madison, Wisconsin's Bradley House. He designed the three-zoned Guaranty Building in Buffalo with his partner (*) Dankmar Adler, and the two also collaborated on the Transportation Building for the 1893 Columbian Exposition. He also designed the Carson Pirie Scott department store and a red, ten-story skyscraper in St. Louis. For 10 points, name this architect of the Chicago School and mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, known for the saying \"Form follows function\" and designing the Wainwright Building.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-439f6eef2641476aaf3579055b1d0bf2",
            "input": "This man's father was a noted pigeon enthusiast who died while in a pigeon house as it fell off a cliff. This man also pioneered the mubayyin verse form, which can be seen in his book of the same name. When the astrologer Muhammad Sharif predicted that this man would decisively lose a battle at Khanua, this man vowed not to touch wine and ordered all his booze to be dumped down a well to boost his troops' morale. After the defeat of the kingdom of Herat by the Uzbeks, this Timurid established a weak kingdom in Kabul. Dilawar Khan and Alam Khan had approached this man to seek his help in defeating Ibrahim of the Lodi dynasty, which he easily accomplished at the Battle of Panipat. For 10 points, identify this father of Humayun and founder of the Mughal dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb42a3c535d0420695ad42a2dd87fb31",
            "input": "One of his books analyzed such documents as a picture of a woman lying on the floor with bent legs in front of a bemused man in a three-piece suit, which this author argued communicated a message even though the text was too blurry to read. In addition to writing Gender Advertisements, he described the procedures for boarding a bus or navigating a crowded elevator in his (*) Interaction Ritual. His major work draws on a theory first developed by George Herbert Mead, symbolic interactionism, to explain the \"dramaturgical approach\" to ordinary behavior. For 10 points, name this Canadian sociologist who wrote The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88fc30b1a2eb4a14951a82b8e1f69303",
            "input": "In one of his operas, a woman says goodbye to her family and promises to \"die of love and happiness\" in the aria \"Non vi turbate, no. \" In another of this man's operas, a group of women pretend to be the Furies in order to scare Lucas away from marrying Colette. In addition to The Drunkard Reformed, he wrote an opera which opens with the \"Dance of the Blessed Spirits. \" With Raniere de Calzabigi, he wrote a manifesto on the \"reform opera,\" and the pair put their principles into action with Il Trionfo di Clelia, Armide, and the story of a man retrieving his wife from the underworld. FTP, name this German composer of Alceste and Orfeo ed Euridice.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-83f4b647b4b54f0e98b31d5a48c02704",
            "input": "This quantity is the intensive variable added to internal energy when calculating enthalpy. Fugacity gives a real-world representation of this quantity, which is divided by density in the incompressible equation of Bernoulli's Principle. It is directly proportional to temperature by Gay-Lussac's Law. Measured in pascals, it is, according to Boyle's Law, inversely proportional to volume. For 10 points, name this force per unit area whose atmospheric type is measured by a barometer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-759a10e2c6494a609e742b1994d1777f",
            "input": "One participant in this incident invented a man named Boomer in order to replace an agreement made with H. M. Hoxie, and one phase of this incident was carried out by the Seven Trustees, including John B. Alley and Sidney Dillon. The early stages of it involved the purchase of an organization formed by Duff Green, the Pennsylvania Fiscal Agency. This scandal was largely caused by the actions of Thomas C. Durant and a man who financed the publication of the women's rights newspaper The Revolution, George Francis Train. It was reported on by the New York Sun after congressmen were bribed with discounted stock in a scheme concocted by Oakes Ames. This scandal involved illegally giving contracts to a subsidiary company, and most notably implicated in it was Schuyler Colfax. For 10 points, name this scandal involving a namesake construction company being contracted by the Union Pacific Railroad, occurring during Ulysses S. Grant's presidency.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3989c4eb405840468be2fd01ba8f530c",
            "input": "He wrote the lines, \"All along the valley, while I walked today, the two and thirty years were a mist that rolls away\" in one poem, while another poem by this author begins, \"I had a vision when the night was late: a youth came riding toward a palace-gate\". In addition to \"In the Valley of Cauteretz\" and \"Vision of Sin\", this author wrote, \"Now folds the lily all her sweetness up\" and \"Now droops the milkwhite peacock like a ghost\" in one poem, and discussed how \"the wind is raving in turret and tree\" in one work which also describes how \"the earl was fair to see\" before being stabbed to death. This author of \"Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal\" and \"The Sister's Shame\" wrote a more well-known work which claims that \"all experience is an arch wherethrough gleams that untraveled world\" and describes \"an idle king\" who has \"drunk delight of battle with [his] peers\" before ending with the line, \"to strive, to seek, to find and not to yield\". For 10 pointsname this author of \"Ulysses\" who described the death of a certain six hundred in the \"Valley of Death\" in his \"Charge of the Light Brigade\".",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-baaa4295551e406194722477c565ba2b",
            "input": "In one of this author's novels, Joseph Grand struggles to write the perfect sentence, and Jean Tarrou dies despite the efforts of Dr. Bernard Rieux. This author wrote about a disease that strikes Oran in The Plague. A novella by this man begins with the sentence, \"Maman is dead today;\" in that novel, Mersault is executed for shooting an Arab \"because of the sun.\" For 10 points, name this French existentialist author of The Stranger.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d350775f9a2c4dddb062a57284b173d9",
            "input": "The protagonist of this work earns a pile in a loaning business started with principle won from an essay contest. The protagonist was once beaten with a stump when he claimed that Byron was better than Tennyson, and gets in a long debate with the Master of Studies over using the word \"tundish\" instead of \"funnel. \" This work includes an argument in which Mr. Casey claims to have hocked a tobacco-laced loogey in the face of a Catholic, much to Dante Riordan's chagrin. Its protagonist is spurred to holiness by Father Arnall's hellish sermon, and it begins with a story about a \"moocow\" and \"Baby Tuckoo. \" For 10 points, name this work about Stephen Dedalus, by James Joyce.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26e9552d05f34db7a493d389e8c0c054",
            "input": "A paper by Whlean et al. found that it can be used more effectively than the Lopatin method with fast-reacting kerogens in defining the oil or gas production windows in sediments. A similar equation that produces the same output can generate concave, convex, or linear like this equation, but has the advantage of being able to be applied to all mixed phase reactions and is known as the Eyring equation. One component in it is related to the frequency of molecular collisions. It can be modified in the case where the pre-exponential factor is proportional to T raised to a constant, an equation also modified by B, a temperature independent constant. Originally discovered experimentally by J. J. Hood, FTP, identify this equation that relates how temperature affects the velocity of a chemical reaction, named for its Swedish formulator.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a82ab36035e416a8658a48b3fa8501f",
            "input": "A work by this man ends with the title character flinging himself off a tall spire, which he has climbed after being pressed to do so by a girl to whom he promised a kingdom. Another of his works is about a man who discovers that the water used in his town's baths is contaminated. This man wrote a work about a woman who takes out a loan from Krogstad, who tries to blackmail Nora into having her husband Torvald reinstate him to his former job. For 10 points, The Master Builder, The Enemy of the People, and A Doll's House are by what Norwegian playwright",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5563e044f1f4aefaac9d05b28fc0b50",
            "input": "A major point of this novel is its questioning of freedom, as the characters only seem to understand love upon separation from each other. The character Cottard constantly fears arrest and punishment, while Tarrous calm atheism contrasts with the fire and brimstone words of Father Paneloux, at whom the protagonist screams upon witnessing the death of a young boy. Opening with the death of the concierge at Dr. Rieuxs building, for ten points, name this novel about humanitys reaction to widespread disease and hopelessness, written by Albert Camus",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a47a32262fcc44dbbc1e964d607e07de",
            "input": "This man was referred to as hypolispos after he sat down for so long that he left his buttocks behind attached to some rocks. Diodorus Siculus states that he was responsible for incorporating many demes into his kingdom. This man's son Acamas was one of the figures that hid in the Trojan Horse. While travelling around Scyros, this man was murdered by King Lycomedes. In his early life, he took a path around the Saronic Gulf that featured six entrances to the underworld. He was good friends with the king of the Lapiths that was named Pirithous. He made the Amazon Hippolyta his wife. During one adventure, he killed the year-king Cercyon and a figure that fit people to his bed, Procrustes. This man left Athens in a black-sailed ship and successfully returned after leaving Ariadne on Naxos. For 10 points, name this hero, a slayer of the Minotaur.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4798d9cfa5534f959e8e69abbb6504a4",
            "input": "An alligator and three turban-clan men on horseback attack the titular black African mammal in this artists painting The Hippopotamus Hunt. This artist portrayed Triton blowing a seashell beneath Cybele and Neptune in his painting The Union of Earth and Water, and his more violent paintings include Allegory of Peace and War and the recently discovered Massacre of the Innocents. His wife Hlne Fourment modeled for his paintings The Three Graces and The Garden of Love. He also painted a cycle of canvases about Marie de Medici, as well as a painting of men trying to raise the body of Christ, The Elevation of the Cross. For 10 points, name this Baroque Flemish painter known for his fleshy nudes.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af9a1a481a324fed9ab5b42dd86754d9",
            "input": "One conflict in this state was initiated by an attack on its namesake resident, Thomas Cresap, while another conflict here was Coode's Rebellion. That rebellion was launched in part because this state had thus far failed to recognize the new rulers of England who had taken power during the (+) Glorious Revolution, perhaps because many of the residents of this state were of a religion notably supported by this state's Toleration Act. Founded in part as a haven for (*) Catholics by the Calvert family, for 10 points name this state whose largest city is also named for a member of that family, Lord Baltimore.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0164bf6a868e406bb9acbb26ce8b2edf",
            "input": "The arts tower of Sheffield University is a nearly identical half-scale copy of this structure, which sits across the street from the Lever house. Mark Rothko revoked his series of paintings for the restaurant in this structure after realizing how expensive it was, and a backdrop for The Three Cornered Hat by Pablo Picasso now hangs there. Sculptures by Willem de Koonig and Henry Moore were at times placed off-center in the buildings plaza, while large reflecting pools grace its North and South faces. Featuring the 24-hour Brasserie restaurant along with the Four Seasons, this is, FTP, what Park Avenue skyscraper designed by Philip Johnson and Mies van der Rohe",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9f0860478a2b4a28a10f3b5eb78ac62f",
            "input": "One of his novels quotes the Jules Supervielle poem The Adjacent Room and is largely a long conversation between the narrator and a Parisian aristocrat, the Comte de Branly. In another of his novels, he included newspaper articles and contradictory flashbacks about a night in which the Monks and Franz are encountered by Elizabeth and Javier at Cholula. In addition to Distant Relations and A Change of Skin, he wrote a novel that features the time-travelling Pollo Phoibee, who transforms into a son of Philip II of Spain. He wrote a historical novel about the Pancho Villa-seeking Ambrose Bierce, while in another of his novels, the title tycoon hallucinates about the Mexican revolution on his deathbed. FTP, name this author of Aura, The Old Gringo, and The Death of Artemio Cruz.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b12f6e3b293f43a4b5d1af4bdaeb1307",
            "input": "To the Otomi and Chichimecs, the Milky Way was the body of one of these creatures named Camaxtli. Gukumatz, a Mayan deity who helps Huracan create the world, takes the form of this animal. During bloodletting rituals, Mayans would attempt to speak to this kind of creature, who might put them into contact with deceased relatives that would crawl out of this creatures mouth. Along with the adjective turquoise, the name of this animal is given to the weapon of the war god Huitzilopochtli. The goddess of women who die in childbirth, Coatlicue, owns a belt made from these creatures. For ten points, name this animal that was being eaten by an eagle on a cactus at the site where Tenochtitlan was built, a type of reptile with no legs.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c03dd02c4e9d489f97ba039cc7052c2b",
            "input": "The night prior to this battle saw Walk-in-the-Water defect to the American side with sixty followers. The Americans pursued the British, who retreated from Malden and fortified themselves at this site. Precipitated by the cavalry charge of Colonel Richard Johnson, the English were quickly routed under General Proctor, though stiff fighting came from their Native American allies under Tecumseh, who died at this battle. FTP, identify this battle of the War of 1812 that proved a victory for General William Henry Harrison, named after an English river.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b32149b92f942849c24bca93c45186a",
            "input": "This quantity can be defined as minus the temperature times the derivative of entropy with respect to particle number. The Gibbs factor is a generalization of the Boltzmann factor that takes this quantity into account. Usually defined as the derivative of the Helmholtz free energy with respect to particle number, FTP name this quantity which governs particle flow, as particles flow from systems with higher values to systems with lower values.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-31b3a15ecb2a4df7ba7ef1c456a8aa98",
            "input": "Chloe symbolically kills Sir Plume in this poems final section, which begins with a speech by Clarissa arguing that charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul. Its main character is awoken by her dog Shock, and deploys Spadillio, Manillio, and Basto, or the Ace of Spades, Two of Spades, and Ace of Clubs, against her antagonist in its third canto. After that game of ombre, the Baron performs the title action with a forfex despite the efforts of the Sylphs, led by Ariel, to protect the title object, which becomes a constellation at the end of the poem. Beginning by asking What mighty contests rise from trivial things, FTP, name this mock epic by Alexander Pope about the cutting of a curl of Belindas hair.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0434f8eac5d54cf68df2e497a7aa5261",
            "input": "Several philosophers who write about this movement distinguish between two outgrowths of nous, noesis the actual and noema the ideal in addition to writing about what they term the \"lifeworld.\" Maurice Merleau-Ponty, an \"existential\" as opposed to transcendental philosopher who studies this branch of philosophy, wrote about The [this] of Perception. The founder of this branch of philosophy, a student of Franz Brentano, elaborated it in his work Logical Investigations. For 10 points, name this branch of philosophy concerned with describing conscious experience, founded in the early 20th century by Edmund Husserl.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5851cee652714d45a1f386d3c9991b56",
            "input": "In one story by this man Nancy is the shallow wife of the schoolmaster Michael, whose attempt to close a footpath gets him fired. He wrote children's stories like \"The Flute\" and \"The Drum,\" while adult short story collections include The Sacrificial Egg and Girls at War. He began writing novels as a response to Joyce Cary's Mister Johnson, an effort which produced characters like an army officer known as \"Destroyer of Guns,\" Captain T.K. Winterbottom, and John Goodcountry, who advocates the killing of Pythons. That novel concerns a priest who refuses to declare the New Yam Festival, Ezeulu. Other works include a novel about the populist Chief Nanga, A Man of the People, and two novels concerning Obi and his father, Okonkwo. FTP name this author of No Longer at Ease and Things Fall Apart.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6db74c86d4794198b7feb50567045332",
            "input": "This man's early operatic career was largely supported by the theater manager J.J. Heidegger, who gave way to John Rich after the close of his opera Oreste. Forest Music is among the sonatas by H. Casadesus incorrectly ascribed to this man, whose operas include one based on Torquato Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered, Rinaldo, and others about classical figures like Agrippina, Tamerlane, and Artaxerxes. The aria \"See, the conqu'ring hero comes\" comes from his Judas Maccabeus, though better-known is an orchestral work featuring the aria \"Hornpipe. \"  FTP name this composer, best-known for his Water Music and the \"Hallelujah Chorus\" of his oratorio Messiah.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-542c9996e257411dbfbab916f341c56f",
            "input": "This man's early works include the string septet Shaker Loops and the piano piece Phrygian Gates. His time as composer in residence for the San Francisco Symphony produced works like a tribute to the Second Viennese School, Harmonielehre, and a choral work using the text of a John Donne poem and two Emily Dickinson poems, Harmonium. He used missing persons reports, internet postings, and cell phone conversations as the text for his 9/11 tribute, On the Transmigration of Souls, and wrote operas about the hijacking of the Achille Lauro and the visit of a President to a certain country. FTP name this modern American composer of The Death of Klinghoffer and Nixon in China.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-540e966f81294d94b13c62b558300120",
            "input": "A character named Hamlet in this work hallucinates that Tennyson comes to him wearing the face of Euripides to explain the meaning of the phrase divine despair. Mrs. Merrett spends thirty years in jail after her nineteen year old lover shoots her husband. While most of the characters in this work are miserable, the story teller and fiddler Blind Jack now spends his afterlife listening to Homer recount the fall of Troy. This collection includes a recitation by Anne Rutledge, the Beloved in life of Abraham Lincoln. For 10 points, identify this poetry collection in which the dead of the title town make one final statement, the masterpiece of Edgar Lee Masters.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a8c554f2b78457ba1b743a614d39bcb",
            "input": "Along with the heart, this organ is severely damaged in Alagille syndrome, which results from the deletion of a gene coding for the JAG1 protein. The Child-Pugh scale is used to evaluate damage to this organ, which can also occur when veins leading to it are occluded in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Morrison's pouch lies behind this this organ, which is suspended by the coronary ligament. It is one of the major sites of damage as a result of copper accumulation in Wilson's disease, and it is attached to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by the falciform ligament. Red blood cells are broken down in this organ by macrophages called Kupffer cells, and this organ receives blood through the portal vein system. For 10 points, identify this site of gluconeogenesis, a four-lobed, bile-secreting organ.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5460f961b6994465a0000a99263e80f3",
            "input": "In a biography added to a 1640 edition of his works, Izaak Walton calls this writer another \"Picus Mirandola. \" His own prose includes a satirical atack on the Jesuits, Ignatius his Conclave, a defense of \"self-homicide,\"  Biathanatos, and the Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions. He also penned such lines as \"Go and Catch a Falling Star,\" and it is for poems such as \"The Sun Rising,\" \"The Canonization\", and \"The Flea\"  for which he's best known. FTP identify this metaphysical poet of the Holy Sonnets and \"A Valediction Forbidding Mourning. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9423607460e4bd7900e803bf08de740",
            "input": "This country's mining town of Ouro Preto was founded during a 17th century gold rush, while a later rubber boom caused the growth of Belem and Manaus. The Pantanal wetlands lie mainly in this country and are home to a large population of capybaras. curved columns hold up a hyperboloid cathedral in this country's capital, which was designed in 1956 by (*) Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer. This country shares Iguazu Falls with its southwestern neighbor. It contains the largest city in the southern hemisphere, while its second largest is home to a statue of Christ the Redeemer and the annual Carnival. For ten points, identify this country home to Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0fe0dc3bcb3343ca8519d55fc5d57e8b",
            "input": "According to Ovid, this figure's blood was said to have caused the formation of corals in the Red Sea. Unlike her siblings Stheno and Euryale, this daughter of Keto and Phorcys was mortal. In one story, this figure was cursed after she was caught making love with Poseidon in Athena's temple. This figure's children included Chrysaor and Pegasus, who were born after she was beheaded by Perseus. For 10 points, name this Gorgon with snake-like hair whose gaze could turn people to stone.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9d5de8df3e41419fab896c0d7ebbd782",
            "input": "The Fermi distribution is used over the Curie relation in gauging this phenomenon in metals, resulting in a smaller susceptibility. This phenomenon contributes an induced field that adds to the applied field, and the resulting alignment tends to compete with thermal motion, thereby randomizing the dipole orientations. The dipoles interact weakly with each other in the absence of an external field. Occurring in free radicals and transition-metal compounds, FTP, identify this type of magnetism occurring in all atoms with free electrons whose spin moments are aligned with an external magnetic field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d3dc10ad00b4cdcabaa8ee4cadc2b53",
            "input": "On the eve of this holiday, some followers perform the kapporot (kah-pah-ROHT) ritual of swinging a chicken over their heads. The Al Cheit (ahl KHAYT) and Ashamnu (ah-SHAHM-noo) are two prayers of this holiday, which once included the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton by the High Priest. It closes with the Ne'ila (neh-EE-lah) service and includes the Aramaic (*) Kol Nidre (KOHL nee-DRAY) prayer. Requiring a twenty-five hour fast, it occurs on the tenth of Tishrei, five days before Sukkot (soo-KOHT) and about nine days after Rosh Hashana. For 10 points, name this Jewish day of atonement.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51016616c5614d529ea9093bab74b74b",
            "input": "Only one of them, William Hashka, is known to have been killed on site. Luckily they were supported by many locals, including Chief of Police Pelham Glassford, who refused to take action against them. The Patman Bill was written as a result of their complaints, but it failed to pass in the Senate. Led by Walter W. Waters, they set up tents along the Anacostia River before forces under Perry L. Miles attacked them. Congress paid them $100,000 to disperse, far below what they were seeking for Adjusted Compensation certificates voted to World War I veterans. FTP, name this 1932 march on Washington D.C. by veterans seeking early payment of wartime bonuses.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-792dfb90dd394f668950233ddc7fffaf",
            "input": "The Andante Quietoso in E-flat minor and Grand Duo for Piano and Violin are respectively numbered five and six in Wilhelm Mohr's catalogue of this man's work. His final works were his Trois Chorales and one collection includes his piece Cantabile as well as a rhapsody on two themes known as the Pice Heroique. Another collection contains the complicated Prlude, Fugue, et Variation, as well as a Pastorale, a Prire, and the famous (*) Grand Pice Symphonique. The latter piece frequently draws comparison to an even larger work dedicated to his student Henri Duparc and is noted for the melody of the English horn over the harp and strings in the Allegretto second movement. For 10 points, name this French organist and composer of the Symphony in D Minor.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc27396f85c242098b0e09634025353a",
            "input": "The painter said that some figures in this work are \"people who make a living from death\" while dividing the people depicted into the \"shareholders\" and the \"world of everyday life. \" The guitar, dagger, and hat in this painting symbolize academic painting, while identifiable figures include the critic (*) Champfleury, on the stoool, and Baudelaire, who is reading. This painting also shows Napoleon III in hunting dress and a cat, a naked muse, and a child clustering around the self-portrait. Said to be \"a real allegory\" of a seven-year period, for 10 points, name this canvas showing Gustave Courbet at work in the title place.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c239b8e3ca248079882dc79cc0728c7",
            "input": "The fringe of a blanket is just visible beneath the central image of this work, and the central figure wears a brown wristband with a small tassel. In the background, a large glass bowl lined with paper and filled with flowers is held by a black servant, who looks with a terrified wonder at the central figure of this work. That central figure wears medium wooden heels with a silver strap and has a bow tied around her neck with black lace, and is sitting on a couch holding onto a tan blanket with one hand and covering her vagina with her other hand. For 10 pointsname this painting of a nude prostitute by douard Manet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cd6c7cb093064b5d9da6cb3fea7176d5",
            "input": "The Zeisel test can be used to detect them, and the compound THF is a very polar example of one. The \"crown\" varieties are cyclic and can be used as solvents in Grignard reagents due to their low reactivity. These compounds can be produced by the Williamson synthesis or by the dehydration of alcohols. For 10 points, identify these chemical compounds, characterized by two alkyl groups single bonded to an oxygen, whose diethyl version used to be used as an anesthetic.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6091a8fcae7a4ce99997e0eaea4193a3",
            "input": "Maruce and Reginald are involved in a plot against the title character of this novel, and he names a woman the Queen of Love and Beauty. At one point, the Black Sluggard helps that title character against three opponents. Robin Hood and Richard the Lion Hearted also appear in this work. The title character of this work paints the word Disinherited on his shield, and he later uses that shield to defend himself against Bois-Guilbert in a tournament. Later, he fights Bois-Guilbert again to save the daughter of Isaac, Rebecca the Jewess, from the Knights Templar. After that episode, he and the daughter of Cedric the Saxon, Rowena, leave for Granada. For ten points, identify this book, a romance by Sir Walter Scott.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-657e9723496e4e119ab3e7e009e8d664",
            "input": "G.E. Moore wrote a book on the principles of this subject, in which he described the naturalistic fallacy. Spinoza's book on this philosophical subject is divided according to a \"\"geometric\"\" scheme. Aristotle's book on this describes the highest aim in life as happiness, and is named after his son Nicomachus. For 10 points, name this subject within philosophy which is concerned with questions of morality.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-795b079980aa44639434c84800e4dbcd",
            "input": "Several of their leaders, including Jonas Fay and Thomas Chittenden, declared the lands under their control a republic in 1777. Other leaders like Seth Warner and John Stark were instrumental in the defeat of the British at Bennington. They were formed in 1770 to prevent the annexation of the so-called \"New Hampshire Grants\" by New York, but they are better known for their leadership by a man who tried to bring about their home region's annexation by Canada. For 10 points, name this Vermont militia that captured Fort Ticonderoga under the leadership of Ethan Allen.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53ed495f1157422284b83fcd4289e778",
            "input": "Roy Lichtenstein studied advertising catalogs to create a 1969 to 1972 series named for these objects. A \"false\" one of these objects titles a Rene Magritte painting of an eyeball whose iris has been replaced with a cloudy sky. In another painting, an inscription stating that \"[the artist] was here\" is written above one of these objects, which also hangs under a chandelier with one lit candle. The artist's pinky ring can be seen in the bottom of a (*) self-portrait named for a type of these objects by Parmigianino. One of these objects is help up by Cupid in a Velazquez nude, revealing the face of the Rokeby Venus. For 10 points, name these objects, one of which allows the viewer to see the artist in the Arnolfini Wedding.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-127d228e958245f98cfffb860494f11e",
            "input": "A character created by this author socializes with Billy through sex with Billy's sister Trudy. In a story by this author, one character achieves masculinity by shooting a lion right before he is shot by his wife; that story features a triangle between Margot, Wilson, and Francis Macomber. His works often feature the theme of \"nada\" and follow the iceberg theory in omitting detail. He created a character who escapes the battle police and falls in love with Catherine Barkley, and he quoted Gertrude Stein on the Lost Generation for one novel's epitaph. For 10 points, name this writer who created Frederic Henry and Jake Barnes in A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d226a1de17a84fb9baa0644172441181",
            "input": "A crucifix in the upper left of this painting is partially hidden behind a green curtain. This painting also depicts a partially open book about arithmetic and a psalmbook near a lute with a broken string. One figure in this painting is Georges de Selve, the Bishop of Lavaur, and this painting also depicts Jean de Dinteville, who holds an ornate dagger and wears a pendant indicating that he belongs to the Order of St. Michael. The bottom of this painting famously features a anamorphic, or distorted, skull. For 10 points, name this double portrait containing a still life of several musical and scientific instruments, a painting by Hans Holbein the Younger.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f6c671dccff4b13bde50597d38ad5c3",
            "input": "One work by this composer tells the story of King Waldemar, who gives the titular castle to Tove, whose murder is detailed in the \"Song of the Wood Dove. \" In addition to the cantata Gurre-Lieder, he composed a work that makes use of the Sprechstimme technique, and begins with the movement \"Mondestrunken. \" In addition to composing the opera Moses and Aaron, the string sextet Transfigured Night and the song cycle Pierrot Lunaire, this man taught Anton von Webern and Alban Berg. FTP name this Austrian composer who developed the twelve-tone technique of composition.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-55c0c71e9c654a53a3de8c96376048a3",
            "input": "This man's daughter released a novel in 2006 which tells of Eva's encounters with the farmhand Ezekial, entitled Skinner's Drift, while his wife is the author of Rite of Passage, Threshhold, and Castaways. This man himself wrote a play in which Marius Byleveld's attempts to put Miss Helen in a nursing home are stopped by Elsa Barlow, and another in which Gladys, who has recently returned from the Fort England Clinic, repeatedly hides a diary before denying that Piet sold Steve out to the police. The major works by this author of A Lesson from Aloes and The Road to Mecca are known as the Port Elizabeth plays. Those include include the story of Sam training Willie for a dance contest at St. George's Park Tea Room, as well as the plays Hello and Goodbye, Boesman and Lena, and The Blood Knot. FTP, name this author of such anti-apartheid plays as No-Good Friday and Master Harold and the Boys.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1deb92e24534812b959fd2fe03adc6e",
            "input": "The ornate geometric pattern of the mosaic pavement is copied from a 14th century work in Westminster Abbey. The presence of a Protestant psalm book open to two Lutheran hymns is explained by the fact that one of the titular figures sympathized with the Reformation, and the entire scene is depicted against the background of green curtain. Both of the title figures lean on a shelf, which holds a compass, two globes, and a lute. Depicting Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve, FTP, name this 1533 canvas most famous for the anamorphic skull in the floor that was painted by Hans Holbein the Younger.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-83f0589af04149769d3d78d8340ad7b7",
            "input": "This work describes a painting showing a blindfolded woman with a lit torch located at the Central   Station. One of the characters in this novel blows out a candle after another character dies. The  character who died had put together a report for the International Society for the Suppression of   Savage Customs on which he had hand-written \"Exterminate all the brutes!\" The final words of that  dying character are \"The horror! The horror!\". In this work, a sailor on the River Thames [TEMZ]  describes his experiences in Africa. Identify this work about Kurtz that is narrated by Captain  Marlow, a short novel by Joseph Conrad.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2dfa1b9c5f446e2b100c2445bb0c709",
            "input": "In 1443, he forced the English to lift their siege of Dieppe, and one of his first acts as king was to imprison the ministers Pierre de Breze and Antoine de Chabannes. He was installed as ruler of the Dauphine after he was pardoned by his father for his part in the Praguerie, but after being summoned by his father in 1456, he fled to the court of Phillip the Good in the Netherlands. During his reign, he fought a group of malcontents known as the League of the Public Weal, and he had a long feud with Charles the Bold. The was the son of Charles VII by Mary of Anjou, and reigning from 1461 through 1483, FTP, identify this Spider King of France.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89bbfc96d33f4f7c8b908dd1ef116c68",
            "input": "Prior to this event, one party sent an envoy to the Minor Consiglio in the hopes of avoiding the battle. One wing of the eventual victors was commanded by Agustino Barbarigo. This battle occurred two months after the fall of Famagusta and Miguel de Cervantes' left arm was amputated as a result of wounds sustained in this battle. Occurring near the Gulf of Corinth, it saw the forces from the flagship Real successfully boarded the Sultana and killed Ottoman commander Ali Pasha. For 10 points, name this naval victory for the Holy League led by Don Juan, which halted westward expansion of the Ottoman empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac364c8cd41448859220c01e5e8724e7",
            "input": "Koussevitsky commissioned this man to write his Symphony for Organ and Orchestra. He wrote an opera that opens with the arrival of Laurie Moss' graduation gown. Three ascending notes in the brass open a work by this man that debuted at tax time. He quoted folk songs like \"Camptown Races\" in a work that incorporates spoken-word readings of texts like the Gettysburg Address. He used themes from the Shaker hymn \"Simple Gifts\" for ballet choreographed by Martha Graham. Another of his ballets contains a \"Hoe Down. \" He composed Fanfare for the Common Man and the ballets Rodeo and Billy the Kid. For 10 points, name this composer of Appalachian Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a70baf61f68b4368bfbcc77a351e24a6",
            "input": "This author earned a place in Ezra Pound's Imagist Anthology following the publication of his poetry collection Chamber Music. A collection of short stories by this man includes one about a gathering of politicians, \"Ivy Day in the Committee Room,\" as well as one in which a party hosted by the Morkan sisters is attended by Gabriel Conroy. This author of \"The Dead\" wrote a novel about the coming of age of Stephen Dedalus, a character who also appears in a novel by this man in which Blazes Boylan carries on an affair with Molly, the wife of Leopold Bloom. For 10  points, name this Irish author of Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88b9f78ad01942248d48541876455c6b",
            "input": "A yellow sun is eclipsed by a gigantic, curving black storm cloud in this artist's depiction of Hannibal crossing the Alps. A steamboat is barely visible amidst swirling clouds and water in his Snow Storm - Steam-Boat off a Harbor's Mouth, and floating human bodies can be seen in the foreground of another one of his paintings, The Slave Ship. In another work by this painter, a tiny rowboat passes by a locomotive as it crosses the River Thames. For 10 points, name this British Romantic landscape painter of The Burning of the House of Lords and Commons and Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a553d8ca8e214db6ac7c4a5ed6dc9451",
            "input": "This musician added the lyrics, \"Oh, memory,\" to his version of Carmichael's song, \"Stardust,\" and worked with pianist Earl Hines for the Weatherbird duet. He worked for Okeh Records with his Hot Seven group to produce \"Potato Head Blues\" and is regarded as one of the first (*) scat singers after the release of \"Heebie Jeebies.\" In his most famous composition, he sings that he \"hear[s] babies cry\" and sees \"trees of green, red roses too.\" For ten points, identify this African American jazz musician who was nicknamed \"Satchmo\" and sang \"What a Wonderful World.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6a81dd8353946f5b8b4b458d3d6854e",
            "input": "In the first edition of this book, the preface mentions that the title is to be pronounced with three syllables. Chapters 23 to 25 are all called \"The Book of the Machines,\" and Chapter 15, \"The Musical Banks\", discusses how banks would not honor other banks' coins and how churches would often complete money exchanges. The entire country where this occurs becomes a satire of Victorian society and its geographic features are modeled loosely after New Zealand. Higgs is the narrator of, fo 10 points, what 1872 novel by Samuel Butler, where names are both anagrams and spelt backwards, such as its original title, \"Nowhere\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f08d012d1e6d40ba8d9b1217a21a8f5d",
            "input": "In one work, this thinker consults with a monk to better understand the concept of proximate power. This thinker divided hypotheses into three categories depending on what absurdities would be implied by accepting the hypothesis as true or false. This man participated in the Formulary Controversy with a series of letters in which he attacked Antonio Escobar's use of casuistry and lambasted the moral lapses of the Jesuits. After a carriage accident and a subsequent religious vision, he published his Memorial, which led to him taking up the cause of the Jansenists. He is the namesake of an idea that suggests that the belief in God represents the possibility of infinite gain while only imposing a finite loss. For 10 points, name this author of the Provincial Letters and Pensees, a French philosopher who is the namesake of a \"wager\" and a mathematical triangle.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c135b9d1307f4e9e94a5bb00f1b51e88",
            "input": "Kawada and Cohen used a combination of an HDAC6 inhibitor and a protease inhibitor to selectively kill cells infected with this virus, and cells infected with it show upregulated fgr tyrosine kinase. Expression of its nuclear antigens are controlled epigenetically through the Wp, Cp, and Qp promoters, and also encodes for a series of miRNAs near its BART and BHRF1 genes, the latter of which is a Bcl2 homologue. Its latent cycle is promoted by the transmembrane proteins LMP-1 and 2, and causes hairy leukoplakia in AIDS patients. Also responsible for post-transplant lymphoproliferation, this virus is associated with a disease that sees a translocation of c-myc and a starry sky appearance under an H&E stain, called Burkitt's lymphoma. For 10 points, name this herpesvirus that infects B-cells and commonly causes mononucleosis.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c806ef1a7d774f708227096ec0212c8d",
            "input": "In 1850, this man bought a farm near Pittsfield, Massachusetts that he called \"Arrowhead. \" After the commercial success of his first two novels, his readers were disappointed by his virtually unreadable third novel, a strange work of antiquarian literary, philosophical, metaphysical, and political hodgepodge. His poetry is collected in Timoleon, Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War, and John Marr, and Other Sailors. FTP, name this American author of Israel Potter, Mardi, The Confidence-Man and White-Jacket..",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07115b75e8854dc6bb0bda32a8d7b6b8",
            "input": "In this work, Paca la Roseta is carried off willingly by a few men to have a fling in an olive grove, and it is concluded that they are from elsewhere because people from town would not do such things. La hija de la Librada is killed in act II for murdering a child she had out of wedlock, and in Act III, Prudencia observes that a ring of pearls represents tears. These events do not bode well for Angustias [an-GOO-stee-as], who received the ring from her fianc Pepe el Romano, even though he is having an affair with her younger sister Adela. FTP, name this Federico Garca Lorca play, in which men have no lines.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3dbab759603941f59e6d3c00fa605119",
            "input": "Peter and Wendy Hadley send their parents to their deaths in a virtual reality machine in this man's short story \"\"The Veldt. \"\" This man wrote a novel in which the main character, Douglas Spaulding, nearly dies after learning about his own mortality. That novel by this man is Dandelion Wine. This man wrote a novel whose protagonist begins to memorize the Book of Ecclesiastes at the end. In that novel by this man, Guy Montag is a fireman whose job is to burn books. For 10 points, name this author of Fahrenheit 451.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9abb346a0538422bb7b01f86b779da2d",
            "input": "of this thinker's works analyze what he dubs \"the symbol sphere. \" In one book, he compares that construct to the \"status sphere,\" which is itself similar to a prior writer's idea of \"stratification. \" He put forth the idea that \"role\" connects the individual personality to the \"orders\" of society in that book, which he co-wrote with Hans Gerth. This author of (*) Character and Social Structure claimed that the \"military metaphysic\" and a \"permanent war economy\" were characteristics of the title group of another book. He blamed bureaucracy for stripping decision-making power from the middle classes. He also wrote pro-Communist works such as The Causes of World War Three and Listen, Yankee. For 10 points, name this author of The Sociological Imagination, White Collar, and The Power Elite, a 1950s American sociologist.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9433eddef1fe40c19e9cf58010ea94dc",
            "input": "First characterized in 1963, this hormone consists of a sesquiterpenoid partially produced through the mevalonic acid pathway. Its active form is produced by oxidation of a product of violaxanthin breakdown, ABA aldehyde. Its production is stimulated by stresses and its transport occurs in a non-polar manner through both xylem and phloem with translocation through parenchymal cells. Major effects include inhibiting shoot growth with a minimal effect on root growth, inducing seeds to synthesize storage proteins, and inducing gene transcription for proteinase inhibitors in response to wounding. FTP, name this plant hormone once known as dormin for its induction and maintenance of dormancy and best known for its role in the dehiscence of fruits and the falling of leaves.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-431f1e3df66b48faac0870ffa8deefbd",
            "input": "One of this man's works contains a \"doppio movimento\" movement where a solo clarinet introduces five variations on a traditional melody. Other compositions by this man include Grohg and Hear Ye! Hear Ye! as well as a work which begins with the song \"The Open Prairie\". He created a compositions which features sections titled \"Corral Nocturne\" and \"Buckaroo Holiday\", as well as a square dance where the Roper and Cowgirl kiss, the \"Hoe-down\". Many of his ballets were choreographed by Agnes de Mille. For 10 points, name this American composer who created Billy the Kid, Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07da4453f11647d4adc571d9ff0ff4a5",
            "input": "One character in this play recalls an argument he had with Mose Porter about the difference between Anarchists and Socialists. Another character, nicknamed the \"\"old Foolosopher,\"\" notes that the play's setting is the \"\"Bedrock Bar, The End of the Line Cafe...the last harbor. \"\" Joe Mott and Larry Slade are among those gathered for drinks at (*) Harry Hope's saloon, waiting for Theodore Hickman, nicknamed \"\"Hickey,\"\" to show up. For 10 points, name this Eugene O'Neill play about disillusioned drunks holding on to their \"\"pipe dreams. \"\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7c83d5fa535405e8914e375255d551d",
            "input": "One emperor of this dynasty, who spent most of his rule traveling the country in disguise and learned Tibetan, ordered the execution of minister Liu Chin after piles of stolen gold and jewels were found in that man's house. During this time, the \"literati painting\" of the Wu School became prominent, and war against the Oyrat under Esen was lead by emperor Zhengtong's minister Wang Chen. The Yongle emperor coined the name Beijing during this period, and that city was occupied by Li Zicheng's peasant rebellion in the same year that this dynasty fell to the Jurchen. That same emperor dispatched the expedition of the Muslim eunuch admiral Zheng He during this dynasty which was established by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor, who overthrew the Mongols. FTP, name this Chinese dynasty which ruled from 1368 to 1644.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-702bd6ceaab4419da14396e6b20e70a5",
            "input": "He dies of coronary thrombosis a few days before his trial for murder but not before he commits to writing such famous witticisms as \"You can always rely on a murderer for fancy prose. \"  The son of European hotel owners, his mother is killed by a lightning bolt when he is three. His manuscript, subtitled The Confession of a White Widowed Male, is \"edited\" by John Ray, Jr., and discusses the aptly named Annabel Leigh, before it ends with the murder of Clare Quilty. FTP, name this lover of Dolores Haze, the central character of Nabokov's Lolita.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-460d2a2811b54c5db0bb083ac1ab630a",
            "input": "This author wrote about \"Irma's Injection\" in his 1900 book The Interpretation of Dreams. \"Anna O.,\" \"Little Hans,\" and the \"Wolf Man\" were some of the patients who sought advice from his Vienna clinic. \"Jokes and their Relation to the (*) Unconscious\" is an essay by this man, whose \"structural theory\" proposed that the mind is divided into the id, the ego, and the superego. For 10 points, name this Austrian founder of psychoanalysis.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eed78083e0c04ff7abb45afb3b6322fb",
            "input": "death of this man's older brother Ninan brought about a succession crisis in which he was involved. In one historical account, it was alleged that he spat in a priest's face when he was offered a Bible to aid in his last confession, because he could not read or even open the book. This man's most important military victory occurred after he escaped imprisonment with the help of a young girl, and that victory resulted in Hango being flayed and used as a drum and Atoc's skull being turned into a golden cup. This man won the War of the Two Brothers to consolidate his rule after winning the Battle of Chimborazo, and was later garroted to death in the \"Ransom Room\" after he was ambushed and kidnapped at Cajamarca. For 10 points, name this ruler who fought a war against his brother Huascar and was killed after Pizarro's conquest of his people, the Incas.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fde338864f0046f8be5e42c9d775f655",
            "input": "One modification of this reaction uses an active hydrogen compound with two strong electron-withdrawing groups in order to synthesize a conjugated enone and is named for Knoevanagel, and Evans used a chiral oxazolidinone auxiliary to make it stereoselective. Many of its derivatives follow the Zimmerman-Traxler mechanism, with the exception of the version using a silyl enol ether known as the Mukiyama variation. It also follows a Michael addition in the two-step Robinson annulation, and its base catalyzed variant creates an enolate nucleophile which then attacks a carbonyl. FTP, name this condensation reaction whose namesake product is a beta-hydroxy ketone.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f41a5d8f7d8c4bd7934e2ae36c3fbdb7",
            "input": "His first known action was the negotiation of a treaty at Margus that gained his people a sum of 700 pounds of gold a year. He died during the reign of Marcian and came to power after the death of his uncle Rua and after he killed his intended co-ruler, his brother Bleda. His rule was already on the decline before Aetius and a confederation of troops defeated him at Catalaunian Plains, or the Battle of Chalons in 451. FTP, name this so-called \"Scourge of God\" and feared ruler of the Huns.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-72e0fc196b774d9586573dad2650643a",
            "input": "This politician was open in his belief that the U.S. was hiding UFOs at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. With Bill Nichols, he names a 1986 Department of Defense Reorganization Act that gave more power to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. With (+) William Miller, he ran for President under the slogan \"An echo, not a choice,\" but his campaign proved unsuccessful after his opponent aired an attack ad that showed an (*) atomic bomb blow up a little girl picking daisies. For 10 points, name this conservative Arizona senator who lost the 1964 election to Lyndon B. Johnson.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ce850174bf484f899ab13b4eaacddb1a",
            "input": "One politician from this state noted the difference between the 1832 Democratic Convention and the one at which she gave the keynote address in 1976. In addition to Barbara Jordan, another politician from this state said George H.W. Bush was \"\"born with a silver foot in his mouth\"\" at the 1988 Democratic Convention. That governor of this state was Ann Richards. Another person from this state started the (*) \"\"War on Poverty\"\" as a part of his Great Society. For 10 points, name this home state of President Lyndon Baines Johnson.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a3b9239343834eedad2b1d110c487d11",
            "input": "One work by this person resulted in a response from his first wife regarding what he didnt say. Another of this writers works recounts the War of the Quandos. Another militaristic novel by this author contains a thinly veiled portrait of the Leoncio Prado Military Academy. This novelist promoted the theory of what he called the total novel, which simultaneously exposited all strata of society; his first total novel by his own account is Conversion in the Cathedral, which was proceeded by Time of the Hero and followed by The War of the End of the World and Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter. For 10 points, name this major figure of El Boom and later Presidential candidate in his native Peru.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9457475f02349c8b2532095d9d14baa",
            "input": "This author wrote one work in which Levee buys Florsheim shoes using money he won during a game of craps from Cutler, and earlier in that work, Sturdyvant repeatedly warns that he will not put up with the title character's shenanigans. One character warns Willy that Avery Bryce has already attempted what he wants to accomplish in one work by this author. The title character of the earlier play is a jazz singer, and the titular instrument of one of his plays is prominent in the parlor of Doaker's house in one play by this author of Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, and ten of his plays make up the Pittsburgh Cycle. For 10 points, name this playwright who depicted African American culture in plays such as The Piano Lesson and Fences.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1ae70e946d74767bbbc31fc3544be27",
            "input": "In one work, this philosopher praised the five virtues of being merciful, faithful, humane, upright, and religious. His name graces the second of the three psychological disorders known as the Dark Triad. This author praised Hannibal's sternness while dismissing Scipio's forbearance, mocking a genre intending to \"mirror\" the title character. In order to avoid both snares and wolves, this philosopher instructed his audience to be both a lion and a fox in a work often paired with his analysis of republics called Discourses on Livy. For 10 points, name this author who said \"It is better to be feared than loved\" in an invocation to Lorenzo d'Medici, The Prince.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e9f60390c3d47749495c5dcb60792d3",
            "input": "In this novel Ronald Nimkin hangs himself and leaves a note about bringing mah-jong rules. One character has a vision about arriving home with a seeing eye dog after having a fling with Bubbles Girardi. The protagonist takes a job as the Assistant Commissioner for Human Opportunity, and constantly fights his constipated father to use the bathroom. Later, the protagonist of this novel is left by his girlfriend in Rome after sleeping with the prostitute Lina. The main character becomes involved with women he calls The Pilgrim and The Pumpkin in addition to Mary Jane Reed, who is dubbed The Monkey. For 10 points, name this novel in which the title character tells his story to Dr. Spielvogel, written by Philip Roth.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7067b68838294386aec7677ae085e4af",
            "input": "Using paraphernalia created in the coal company office, this work's central event is related to \"corn be[coming] heavy soon. \"  It is suggested that the failure to perform a key action will cause people to move back to caves by Old Man Warner, who addresses qualms of the Adams'. Set in a village anchored by Mr. Martin, Mr. Graves, and Mr. Summers, this work ends with the cry \"It isn't fair, it isn't right,\" issued by a simple wife. First published in 1948 in The New Yorker, it was perhaps inspired by the author's time in Bennington, Vermont, the residents of which objected to this story's publication. It ends as the drawer of a black spot, Tessie Hutchinson, is stoned to death. FTP, name the Shirley Jackson story about a random draw that takes place every June 27.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74ffefac235f43818a6a9f20785037e3",
            "input": "poem by this author describes a wall inscribed with the phrase \"PARAS THIRTEEN, BOGSIDE NIL\" and is an elegy for a man who \"drank like a fish\" before he was \"blown to bits. \" He included the image of a \"four foot box, a foot for every year\" in a poem narrated by a student who \"sat all morning in the college sick bay counting bells knelling classes to a close. \" This author of \"Casualty\" wrote of a student of Miss Walls who collects \"jampotfulls\" of (*) \"frogspawn\" in another poem. He wrote that \"my squat pen rests\" \"between my finger and my thumb\" in a poem that compares his profession to his father's labor in the bogs. For 10 points, name this poet who included \"Mid-Term Break\" and \"Digging\" in his collection The Death of a Naturalist, an Irish Nobel winner who translated Beowulf.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1aa3e8f59c8e4aae94a071aa4cffb5cd",
            "input": "A device used in this technique consists of an RF ring electrode and two other hyperbolic electrodes, and is sometimes named for Wolfgang Paul. A collision cell is used in the QqQ form of this technique. Sinapinic acid and DHB are common reagents for it. This technique occurs in series, or in \"tandem\", in order to sequence proteins. Tropylium cations form in this technique from benzyl compounds. Frequently, this process is combined with liquid or gas chromatography. The output of this process has a peak labelled M+1, originating from isotopes in the molecular ion, while the most common fragment is called the base peak. High-energy electrons cause fragmentation during its first step. For 10 points, name this technique which measures the ratio of a namesake property to charge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae8aab91f63447de8ae5aafdd4ef8de0",
            "input": "His critiqued Flaubert's Madame Bovary in his The Perpetual Orgy. His examination of Latin American authoritarianism follows Urania Cabral and Rafael Trujillo in his The Feast of the Goat. In one story a series of vignettes tell the story of the Indian girl Bonifacia and the proprietor Don Anselmo, while in another The Slave squeals on The Circle for stealing answers to a chemistry test at the (*) Leoncia Prado Academy. In addition to the Green House and The Time of the Hero, in his most famous story, the narrator Mario meets the genius soap author Pedro Camacho before falling in love with his titular relative. For 10 points, name this Peruvian author of Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-741928b77b054db8a18fc1984d14fc5c",
            "input": "In Chapter 9, the protagonist of the novel is asked to conduct an Italian colleague on a tour of the Cathedral, but he never shows up and a priest tells a parable about the doorkeeper to the Law. The protagonist's uncle Karl takes him to Herr Huld, who becomes his lawyer, and he sleeps with his servant Leni, who is attracted to anyone who has been accused. FTP, identify this novel, which was published posthumously in 1925 and begins with the arrest one fine morning of Joseph K., a work by Franz Kafka.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f31a97e1b0d64bb2adf67e9bf47b7cc1",
            "input": "One character in this novel claims that marriage is like dancing: \"men have the advantage of choice, women only the power of refusal. \" Another character has been seeing a poor soldier named Thomas, contrary to the general's wishes, even though her father is burdened by gambling debts. Mrs. Allen constantly talks about how she can afford nice gowns during an invitation of the protagonist to Bath. Isabella is abandoned by Captain Frederick after breaking off an engagement to James, while James's sister loses sleep upon reading Ann Radcliffe's Mysteries of Udolpho. FTP name this novel about the reconciliation of Henry Tilney to Catherine Morland, a spoof of the Gothic novel by Jane Austen.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cfa564a4166b4ba69794bdb67989117a",
            "input": "Dance\" is the final movement of his Ten Easy Pieces for piano, and \"Six Dances in Bulgarian Rhythm\" concludes his collection of 153 piano pieces entitled Mikrokosmos. \"First Seduction Game\" is a section of his pantomime ballet The Miraculous Mandarin, and \"The Lake of Tears\" is a piece from this composer's only opera, in which the new bride Judith is given seven keys. This composer of Duke Bluebeard's Castle collected folk songs with fellow countryman Zoltan Kodaly. FTP name this composer of Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta and Concerto for Orchestra, a Hungarian.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-645ce7a1cbfa4d6e88b5509b3a4d05b5",
            "input": "In one work by this author, the speaker laments that \"passion sometimes would prevail/Nor could to-night's gay feast restrain/A sudden thought of one so pal\". This author of \"Abt Vogler\" wrote another poem in which the title character wishes to be like Agnolo or Leonardo and competes with The Cousin for the love of Lucrezia. In another poem, the title character \"talks to his own self, howe'er he please/touching that other, whom his dam called God\"; that poem is based on a god worshiped by a certain character fromThe Tempest.Another poem by this author of \"Andrea del Sarto\" features an image of Neptune taming a seahorse; its narrator laments that the title character disregarded a centuries-old name, and that poem concerns a painting by Fra Pandolf. For 10 points, name this author of \"Caliban Upon Setebos\" and \"My Last Duchess\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a853ddaed594373baa4f5eaa2245f77",
            "input": "One myth states that this deity created the Milky Way with her breast milk when she pulled away from suckling Heracles. In the Iliad, this figure sends Athena to calm Achilles before he argues with Agamemnon and later distracts her consort when Poseidon decides to fight in the war. This goddess sent Argus to keep her husband away from Io, and eventually placed Argus' eyes on the feathers of her peacock. For 10 points, identify this queen of the Greek pantheon, the goddess of marriage and childbirth, and wife of Zeus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1501144f823457a96f0dde3b51f77db",
            "input": "A leader from the latter phase of this conflict was Jacobus Hercules De la Rey, who would eventually be shot dead by police. One side in this war achieved victory at Spion Kop by compelling the other side to try raising the siege of Ladysmith. Frederick Sleigh Roberts was eventually successful in relieving Maefiking and Kimberly, and Horatio Kitchener introduced the \"scorched earth\" policy and the concentration camp in this war, whose belligerents included a republic led by Paul Kruger. FTP, name this 1899 to 1902 war ended by the Peace of Vereeniging, which was fought between Great Britain and the Afrikaner states of South Africa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3eca29f1f5b406b99118806c96ce850",
            "input": "This country experienced an interregnum during a crisis that took place between 1383 and 1385. As a result, the Aviz (ah-VEEZ) Dynasty was installed as its ruling house, and that dynasty later gave rise to the Braganza (bruh-GON-zuh) Dynasty. The Carnation Revolution brought democracy to this country, overthrowing the Estado Novo of Antonio Salazar. This country was home to Henry the Navigator, who supported its explorers, and later explorers from this country include Vasco da Gama. For 10 points, name this country which colonized Brazil.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00273df0673b4225bcf931753666f0ce",
            "input": "One movement of this piece opens in 4/2 time, then shifts to 2/2, 3/2, 5/2, and 6/2 at various times. Gamblers cry \"Wafna! wafna!\" in a section of this work sung by the drunken \"Abbot of Cockaigne\", while its penultimate section compares the \"rose of the world\" to Blanchefleur and Helen. This work, the Trionfo di Afrodite, and a setting of poems by Catullus make up its composer's triptych Trionfi. In the second aria from its \"In the (*) Tavern\" section, a tenor sings entirely in falsetto to express the feelings of a swan being roasted. Its movements include \"Veni, veni, venias\" and two which refer to a certain goddess as \"Empress of the World\". For 10 points, name this setting of 24 Goliard poems found in a Bavarian abbey, a cantata that both begins and ends with \"O Fortuna\" and was composed in 1936 by Carl Orff.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e8e903f24d174fb28f4efdf9097d1a52",
            "input": "One section in this work takes place in a prehistoric society where women are more powerful than men and concerns Turu the Rainmaker. That story, along with \"The Father Confessor\" and \"The Indian Life,\" join a series of poems like \"Soap Bubbles\" and \"Stages\" in its appendix and are attributed to the protagonist. That protagonist dies while swimming in a cold lake after becoming a tutor to (*) Tito. Tito is the son of Plinio Designori, a friend the protagonist meets while at the school Waldzell, where he learns about the connections between music, mathematics, philosophy and other forms of knowledge before joining the Order of Castalia and replacing Thomas Van Der Trave. FTP, name this novel in which Joseph Knecht becomes the Magister Ludi after mastering the titular chess-like game, a work of Herman Hesse.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5392f1da079b4ac9a446289033b36c29",
            "input": "One court case dealing with this treaty, R v Symonds, found that it was still binding on the signatories. The second article of this document grants one nation exclusive control over Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties of the other signatory power, while the term rangatiratanga has caused interpretational problems for this treaty. Eruera Maihi Patuone was important in supporting the other side in this treaty, but was opposed by Te Kemara, while Governor Hobson was dispatched from Britain to sign this treaty for the other side. For ten points, identify this treaty between the British monarchy and various representatives of Maori tribesmen, which established New Zealand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4f6ae72184a46a2aeb17d9cd9ed81e3",
            "input": "One event in this religion's history was the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion, which was led by a \"Celestial Master.\" One important analogy to this religion is the idea that followers abide in this system the way a fish abides in water. In a legend of this religion, the creator god Pangu holds up the sky for eighteen thousand years. Concepts in this religion include ming and wu wei, which are \"clarity\" and \"effortless action.\" For 10 points, identify this religion, whose principal text is the Tao Te Ching, which was written by Lao-Tzu, and features the concepts of yin and yang.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d19f831d47541c3986ee62bd2f5622f",
            "input": "His philosophical work Euthymiae and Raptus was composed around the same time as Conspiracy of Charles, Duke of Byron, while The Ball and The Tragedie of Chabot were written with James Shirley. Early success came with comedies like The Gentleman Usher, but he and Jonson were imprisoned after it was determined that Eastward Hoe was anti-Scottish. Beginning his career with the poems The Shadow of Night and Ovid's Banquet of Sense, his memorable line \"Man is a torch borne in the wind\" come from a 1607 work about a French soldier of fortune: Bussy d'Ambois. FTP identify this British author who made his name by finishing Marlowe's Hero and Leander and translating Homer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f54b793658d545f2aa50469b0e0de6fa",
            "input": "While one character is extolling the virtues of yogurt, one character in this play says that \"A conscientious doctor must die with his patient if they can't get well together\" to which another notes that only the Royal Navy is honest in England. Two characters in this play discuss the death of Bobby Watson, and they note that his wife was also named Bobby Watson. One character in this play, who had extinguished another character's \"first fires\" recites a boring poem entitled \"The Fire\". That character is the maid, and she recites the poem after the Fire Chief arrives looking to extinguish a fire that had been announced three days previously. This play ends with the Martins replacing the Smiths and repeating their exact lines. For ten points, identify this Eugene Ionesco play about an unseen character whose hairdo never changes.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6f6e271c9ee439e84ee9d6ef71d8a16",
            "input": "This man's nomination was opposed by the \"immortal 306\", convention delegates who refused to abandon Roscoe Conkling's candidate. His Supreme Court appointments included William Woods, as well as the lone dissenter in Plessy v Ferguson, John Harlan. Acting on the findings of the Jay Commission, he removed New York customs house officials Alonzo Cornell and Chester Arthur, but less successful was his overriden veto of the Bland-Allison Act. For ten points, name this man who defeated Samuel Tilden in the disputed election of 1876 and served as President between Grant and Garfield.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-511c9feba61943638584125a17aae2f4",
            "input": "In one of this authors novels, Pavel tells a story about how he threw a newlywed couple out of a carriage to save himself from wolves. In a second novel by this author, Frank shoots his wife Marie when he finds her cavorting with the protagonists brother Emil in an orchard. In the former novel by this author, the protagonist first works for the Harlings and then takes a job with Wick Cutter after establishing a relationship with Jim Burden in Black Hawk. The latter work of this author centers on Carl Linstrums relationship with Alexandra Bergson and is set in Hanover, Nebraska. For 10 points, name this author ofO Pioneers!who wrote about the Bohemian Shimerdas inMy Antonia.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc1ac36dd8bc4c8891213775f0d4181a",
            "input": "One of this author's protagonists compares the concentric circles of Amsterdam to the levels of hell and visits the Mexico City bar where he acquires the Just Judges panel of the Ghent Altarpiece. In addition to writing about the lawyer Clamence, who doesn't prevent a woman's suicide in The (*) Fall, this author wrote a novel in which thousands of rats die in the streets of Oran while Dr. Bernard Rieux investigates The Plague. In another of this author's novels, the protagonist is friends with Raymond Sintes, and shoots an Arab after feeling no emotion at his mother's death. For ten points, identify this absurdist French author who wrote about Meursault in The Stranger.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-acf6fc2d39a7474299d56e674d0ed36c",
            "input": "One of the title character's sons declares that he wants to become a Viking. That child shares his name with the title character's father-in-law, who is nicknamed \"Badger. \"  Mrs. Busk fires the title character's daughter from her teaching job, and the ship-owner Vik fires Captain Horster near the end of this play. The title character's father-in-law, who owns a tannery in Molledal, buys shares in the central business, which was created in part by the title character's brother Peter, the mayor. The discovery of infusoria in the water leads the title character to call for the closing of the public baths in, FTP, this Ibsen play in which Dr. Thomas Stockmann earns the title designation by opposing the townsfolk.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b781a5f81414883b29e044b5d5a1caa",
            "input": "Victoria Guzman holds a grudge against the protagonist of this work, probably because he has a penchant for grabbing her daughter Divina by the vagina. A stranger to the central town sees a woman carrying artificial flowers with her mother, and he buys up all the raffle tickets in the town to win her a music box. The protagonist cavorts with Cristo Bedoyan and spends some quality time with the family of his betrothed, Flora Miguel. Bayardo San Roman brings Angela Vicario to her mother Purisima on their wedding night in this novel, and Santiago Nasar is fingered as Angelas perpetrator, causing her twin brothers to grab knives and seek him out. FTP, name this novel in which the entire town is aware of the murder plot but does nothing, a work of Gabriel Garcia Marquez.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e01a54f015e4f2192228a7ba6f286ce",
            "input": "This poet wrote \"Without a name or history I wake / Between my body and the day\" in his poem \"Prime,\" and asked \"What does the song hope for\" in his poem \"Orpheus. \" He noted that the \"crack in the tea-cup opens / A lane to the land of the dead\" in \"As I Walked Out One Evening,\" while his \"Lullaby\" begins with the lines \"Lay your sleeping head, my love / Human on my faithless arm. \" One of his most famous works features four \"bucolics\" from various countries who meet in a bar during World War II, whlie another begins by noting that \"About suffering they were never wrong, / The Old Masters\" in the course of describing a painting about the fall of Icarus. FTP, name this British poet of \"Muse des Beaux Arts\" and The Age of Anxiety.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6607ef84b5c540abbe1ba900be3d2e8f",
            "input": "The early leader Matthew Davis guided the shift of this group's activities away from its early emphasis on parade marches and drinking parties in Martling's Tavern. Later, Richard Croker sought to reverse the reforms which had made it an efficient, autocratic organization. Originally founded in 1789 by William Mooney as a patriotic organization with an elaborate Indian ritual, it gained great power with the election of Fernando Wood as mayor of New York, but soon experienced a reversal in fortunes due to an expose of its graft by the New York Times and Harper's Weekly. FTP, what was this group that has frequently controlled New York politics, most famously headed by Wiliam Tweed",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f2d3f67a4414849b92d4e88124ce2fe",
            "input": "Ninhydrin forms a Schiff base with this chemical, resulting in a hue known as Ruhemanns purple. The Birch reduction takes place in a liquid substrate of it, the reason it is common in methamphetamine labs. The Kjeldahl method uses this molecule as an end-product to measure the amount of nitrogen in a sample, and it is oxidized in the first step of a nitric acid forming procedure, the Ostwald process. For 10 points, name this weak base found in fertilizers, formed by combining hydrogen and nitrogen in a three-to-one ratio in the Haber process.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39097f5d308e45c6aab41d51dca442c2",
            "input": "Prior to this event the so-called \"Brigandage at Ephesus\" saw Dioscorus of Alexandria force the reversal of Flavian's decision that Eutyches [YOO-tuh-keez] was a heretic, and Dioscorus did not allow representatives of Pope Leo to read his written opinion. That work was the basis of deliberations that began shortly after the death of Emperor Theodosius II and the accession of Marcian. It accepted as canonical both the Tome and the Two Letters of Cyril, the latter of which refuted the Nestorian heresy. The current orthodox doctrine that the Second Person of the Trinity has two natures was determined at, FTP, what council that took place in 451 near Constantinople and condemned the Monophysite heresy",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad0e69e1c1f442e6937d696b39a69b1c",
            "input": "One legend about this mythological figure credits him with founding the Isthmian Games in honor of Palaemon, the deified spirit of his nephew Melicertes. Another myth states that one of the missing Pleiades was his wife, who was disgraced to be married both to a mortal and, it would turn out, a criminal. Robert Graves states that at the origin of the most famous story about him is iconography depicting his original status as a solar deity, noting that his name which seems to contain the root word meaning \"wise\" and was given to him as the all-wise sun god. That myth describes his wife Merope playing a significant part, by obeying his request not to bury him, allowing him to escape Hades to go and correct her. Condemned, according to legend, as much to keep him busy as to avenge his telling Asopus that Zeus had kidnapped his daughter Aegina, for 10 points, name this mythological figure eternally rolling a stone to the top of a hill which falls back down just before reaching the top.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a2e331464594ffea19d0150371411a2",
            "input": "This artist used a Claude Lorrain painting as the basis for his Dido Building Carthage. Spectators on the banks of the Thames watch a blazing fire in his The Burning of the House of Lords and Commons. This artist showed a tugboat hauling away a British naval vessel that had served in the Battle of Trafalgar. Another work by him supposedly depicts a rabbit crossing in front of an extremely obscure and clouded train. For 10 points, name this painter of the works The Fighting Temeraire and Rain, Steam and Speed.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e93f05e799c49778407ff1202da01df",
            "input": "This work proposes \"powerful deflections,\" \"substitutive satisfactions,\" and \"intoxicating substances\" as three methods for dealing with suffering, and argues that technology has enabled the development of \"auxiliary organs,\" turning man into a kind of \"prosthetic god. \" This work's first section argues that earlier mental stages are preserved alongside more advanced ones, contrasting that phenomenon with the development of the city of Rome, while its last two sections deal largely with the development of the \"sense of guilt. \" This work describes the struggle between the (*) death drive and Eros and posits the supremacy of the pleasure principle, building on its authors earlier The Future of an Illusion to essentially argue that not being able to start having optionally-consensual sex with everyone you see generates social problems. FTP, name this essay that argues that rules meant to preserve the integrity of the titular institution repress the id and thus generate the misery of the titular group, a work of Sigmund Freud.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3b173117ef314ac4bf4888b030d40e25",
            "input": "Sound engineer Kurt Munkacsi was an integral part of this composer's namesake ensemble, processing Farfisa organ lines through a mixer in this composers early 1970s work Music in Twelve Parts. The \"Hymn to the Sun\" in the third of this composer's \"Portrait Trilogy\" of operas is directed to always be sung in the language of the audience attending. That opera, Akhnaten, followed Satyagraha by this composer and a previous opera including a third part called \"Field/Spaceship\" and broken up by \"Knee Plays.\" FTP what minimalist composer wrote the opera Einstein on the Beach",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cce65afd8bee4717a1247d3af29e6f2d",
            "input": "One poem by this writer, which describes an object \"now warm and capable of earnest grasping,\" is \"The Living Hand\". Another poem begins with three stanzas addressed to somebody \"Alone and palely loitering\" while \"no birds sing.\" In another poem, this writer compared himself to Cortez looking at the Pacific after he read a translation of Homer. Another work begins \"Thou still unravished bride of quietness\", and ends \"'Beauty is truth, truth beauty'--that is all / ye know on earth, and all ye need to know\". Name this poet who wrote \"La Belle Dame sans Merci\", \"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer\", and \"Ode on a Grecian Urn.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-95d7c514fb6b4420b4c41ee729a3d147",
            "input": "This celestial body is surrounded by 4 rings, the outermost of which, 1989N1R, displays non-uniformity of particle density never before observed in the solar system. Visited by Voyager 2, the mission found it to be characterized by a bright feature dubbed the \"scooter,\" an atmospheric storm called the \"Great Dark Spot\", and not 2 moons, as was previously believed, but rather 8, including Despina, Larissa, and Proteus. With an nearly circular orbital eccentricity of 0.009, FTP name this planet, usually the 8th in distance from the sun.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f766647ca02d483086ac2cf6d412e4f4",
            "input": "Posthumous releases from this composer include the collection of songs \"Orpheus Britannicus\" and the opera The Indian Queen. He wrote a number of odes for Saint Cecelia's day, and incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream, but his most famous composition was written for a girls' school in 1689. FTP, name this English composer who, with librettist Nahum Tate, wrote the opera Dido and Aeneas.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-362ff885de1141b09ba502f010acf569",
            "input": "One of his works centers around the peasant girl Zohra, who works as a servant at the titular pension, while this author of Mockery of the Fates and The Struggle of Tyba wrote about Said Mahran, the title criminal in another work. He wrote about the death of the barber Abbas in one work, while an earlier work tells of the families of Adam, Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed, all of which settle in the same imaginary alley. Better known than Miramar, The Thief and the Dogs, Midaq Alley, and Children of Gebelawi is a work about the al-Jawad family, a series of novels that includes Palace Walk and Sugar Street. FTP, name this Nobel Laureate of 1988, best known for his Cairo Trilogy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d56a5f52445e4775a65e46307205b311",
            "input": "The speaker of this poem notes how the title entity laughs \"with white teeth\" and \"as an ignorant fighter laughs who has never lost a battle\". Although the speaker concedes that he has seen \"the gunman kill and go free to kill again\" and \"painted women under the gas lamps\", he issues a challenge to, \"Come and show me another (*) city with lifted head singing\" and defends the title entity of this poem by asserting that it is a \"Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler\". For ten points, name this Carl Sandburg poem which calls the title city a \"Tool maker\", \"Stacker of Wheat\", and \"Hog Butcher for the world\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99a29714683c471aac7c8988490ad2b0",
            "input": "The IceCube project in Antarctica is designed to detect these particles in the previously unexplored PeV energy region and is based on the earlier AMANDA project also located near the South Pole. The direct Urca process, described by George Gamow, is one the simplest interstellar processes which produce these particles, and it is currently unproven whether these particles are Majorana particles, serving as their own antiparticles. Work conducted at Super-Kamiokande provided evidence for flavor oscillation, which in turn proves that they have non-zero mass. For 10 points, name these extremely low-mass, uncharged leptons, which come in tau, mu, and electron varieties.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef509cc7214b4d5888626a912f1c8628",
            "input": "It is the title of a 1934 drawing in which the wife of the artist appears as the assailant, and his mistress, Marie-Therese Walter, as the title victim. Besides the carving knife, a pair of darts symbolizing the horns of a bull impales the reclining figure. The more famous work of this title is a painting in which the name of the artist appears on a box in the lower right, and before a plain background lies the title character, holding a quill in his right hand and a blood-stained letter in his left. FTP, give the name shared by these works of art, one by Pablo Picasso, the other a 1793 painting by Jacques-Louis David (dah-VEED).",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9cbd736d9d664f86a16f9e89896466dd",
            "input": "The man who called this council traveled to it with this wife, Barbara of Celje, and this council created the Diocese of Samogitia. A conflict between two of the parties here was mediated by Pierre d'Ailly, who balanced the opposing viewpoints on regicide of Paulus Vladimiri and John of Falkenberg. This council condemned adherents of the Utraquist and Taborite factions. It was called by a man who succeeded (*) Wenceslaus on the throne of one nation; that man was Emperor Sigismund. This council challenged the Conciliarism that had been a large factor in the previous council. It also condemned John Wycliffe and supported Gregory XII's resignation as pope. The successor of the Council of Pisa, for 10 points, name this council that executed Jan Hus and elected Martin V as pope, effectively ending the Western Schism.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6205e81750c4d649d4c41d03732d492",
            "input": "This novel parodies Freudianism in a chapter about the protagonist's dream of holding a live fish in his hands. In this novel's final chapter, the protagonist realizes why a prostitute often beat his ex-roommate over the head with a shoe. It satirizes McCarthyism in a chapter about the Great Loyalty Oath Crusade, and in its chapter \"The Eternal City,\" the protagonist realizes the title means that \"they have a right to do anything that you can't stop them from doing. \" This novel's protagonist sleeps with Luciana, Nurse Duckett, and the wife of General Scheisskopf, and runs away to Sweden after the death of Snowden causes him to oppose Colonel Korn and Colonel Cathcart. For 10 points, name this World War II novel about Yossarian by Joseph Heller.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84a76d3c2ad04e6ba55a100cd0e983aa",
            "input": "A later poem by this author describes an individual who meditates in a grove by the title structure and chants \"Let Buddha be my refuge. \" In one of his works, the title character is granted a boon by the God of spring and the God of love, which helps her gain the love of a warrior prince. This author of \"Boro-Budur\" and Chitra, wrote a play in which the sickly son of Madhav expects a letter from a King. Another of his plays contains the demoralized Bishu whose life is changed after (*) Nandini helps the town of Yakshapuri overcome a cruel king who desires gold. This author also wrote \"Thou hast made me endless\" as the first line of his most notable volume of poetry, which includes a preface by W. B. Yeats. For 10 points, identify this author of works such as The Post Office and Red Oleanders, who also wrote the poetry collection Gitanjali, or Song Offerings.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c3aa35d57e644e7bbe9de8391a72c4e",
            "input": "This man's advisors included Ustat Ali, who helped him reform the military. Shortly before his death, this man won the Battle of Ghaghra against an alliance of rebels that included King Nusrat Shah of Bengal. Early in his career, this man suffered dual defeats when Farghana successfully rebelled against him during his unsuccessful invasion of Uzbek territory. This man later won a battle because of the defection of General Silhadi to his side; that battle was the Battle of Khanwa, in which this man defeated (*) Rana Sanga, the leader of the Rajputs, this man's southern neighbors. This man came to power after defeating Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat. For ten points, name this founder of the Mughal dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f2cc9ef543143ae8c9a48ab3e618dba",
            "input": "This politician gained prominence for defending Nils von Schoultz and other Hunter Patriots who participated in the Battle of the Windmill. This man's first government collapsed when a telegram sent to Hugh Allan that mentioned bribery was stolen from John Abbot's office. This politician formed the Great Coalition with George Carter's Parti Bleu and George's Brown's Clear Grits faction, and his National Policy favored high tariffs. This politician purchased Rupert's Land, which became part of the newly formed Northwest Territories, and his administration passed the Manitoba Act in the aftermath of Louis Riel's Red River Rebellion. This man led his country's delegation at the Charlottetown Conference, and his resignation during the Pacific Scandal led to the government of Alexander Mackenzie. For 10 points, name this first Prime Minister of Canada.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fcccf0290e4242fb823af76cc60f16e4",
            "input": "This figure is depicted as having four arms, in which he carries a club, shell, discus, and lotus. Also known as Hari and Narayana, at various times he takes the forms Kurma, Varaha, Narasimha, Matsya, Vamena, Rama, Krishna, and the Buddha. FTP, who is this kindly preserver god of Hinduism",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f3f0f6cb7e544cc9ec90823a21d66a5",
            "input": "The third led a revolt based in Britain and was briefly recognized by Honorius before being suppressed. The second died in a civil war with his similarly-named brothers. The fifth was nicknamed Copronymus and continued the iconoclastic policies of his father Leo II. The last was the eleventh and was also the last emperor of Byzantium. All these men shared their name with, for 10 points, what emperor who fought Licinius and Maxentius on his way to becoming the first Christian Roman emperor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9416b8b1bf2d48a3a34db1c55d1591b0",
            "input": "In this painter's works depicting the sculptor of Water Nymph and Bittern, a nude model is used even though the sculpture is clothed. In addition to those works showing William Rush, this painter made a portrait of a professor who pets a black cat as he reads a book, Benjamin Rand. One of his outdoor works that shows a young man standing on a rocky promontory while another lies on it, another sits, and another dives off it. Another painting shows his high school classmate on the Schuylkill [SKOO-kul] River in Philadelphia and is entitled Max Schmitt in a Single Scull. Name this artist who also painted surgery demonstrations in The Agnew Clinic and The Gross Clinic.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-01910a84ad98436e8e0ab3eda86fc031",
            "input": "This works villain plans to rape Anna, her mother, and her maidservant on their voyage to the Isle of Wight. In the last of the protagonist's letters, which is found thirty years after her death among the personal effects in her brother's estate by the executor of his will, she begs her cousin the Colonel not to avenge her death; a concluding monologue attributed to Dame Belford notes that he did anyway. The conflict begins when the protagonist's family betrothe her to Mr. Solmes, despite her protests and those of Morden. To escape their tyranny, she takes up correspondence with mysterious suitor, who takes her to a brothel, drugs her with laudanum, rapes her, and offers to marry her, but she refuses Robert Lovelace and dies slowly of shame. FTP, identify this epistolary novel about the \"history of a young lady,\" the 2nd work of Samuel Richardson.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ed782bd8392419c9d59b4e026db5761",
            "input": "His interest in the essay, \"The Relation between the Logical Theory of Classes and the Geometrical Theory of Points,\" by A. B. Kempe, along with Pierce's notion of \"Existential Graphs,\" prompted him to retake up his work in a \"transcendental logic\" that would merge mathematical logic with a theory of space. In his Gifford Lectures, this philosopher discusses the \"Four Historical Conceptions of Being\" in the context of experience and validity of religion and the external world. In his Supplementary Essay \"The One, The Many, and the Infinite,\" he discusses the philosophy of F. H. Bradley, whose work is seen as closely related to this author of The Philosophy of Loyalty. In his last major published work, this thinker adopted Pierce's conception of the \"triadic\" nature of interpretation in order to generate a \"naturalized\" version of Hegel's Absolute Consciousness that is made immanent in \"Community of Believers. \" In addition to writing The Religious Aspect of Philosophy, for 10 points, name this American Idealist philosopher author of The World and the Individual and The Problem of Christianity.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac08143712184b7c975be435c19e29a1",
            "input": "Walborn et. al demonstrated in a 2002 paper that this phenomenon appears independent of when the observer detects it, and Popescu and Rohrlich wrote about the Joy of this phenomenon. Another scientist who described it as spooky introduced hidden variables to account for it, although Bells theorem proves that hidden variables cannot adequately explain it. It leads to the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox because it violates locality, allowing for information to travel faster than the speed of light. This idea is behind qubits, the basic unit of information in quantum computers. For 10 points, what phenomenon describes multiple particles which share linked quantum states",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-32876b8c628e48a5af87c95d2a4b8c69",
            "input": "Mice lacking Cks2 were sterile because the gametes were unable to progress beyond this stage. Before this can begin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase must be activated which destroys the targets through the 26S proteasome. The degradation of one of those targets, securin, allows separase to breakdown cohesin, which marks the start of this. The cohesins hold together sister chromatids, and, once separated, daughter chromosomes are formed and move towards the spindle poles. For 10 points, give the name of this stage of mitosis, which results in two sets of chromosomes being formed at the poles of the cell and that starts after metaphase.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bacfd0336ffc4167b28150d3d78900d1",
            "input": "A system named for Rott features has two of these structures with horizontal SFP and BFPs at stable equilibria. In the phase-space representation for the system, the upper-half of the separatrix shows solutions for these systems starting at their inverted positions. Two coupled ones are commonly used to represent chaotic systems. When their displacements are assumed to be small, the sine theta term in the equation is approximated to theta. Another of these was used to demonstrate the rotation of the earth and was named for Foucault. For 10 points, identify these physical systems which can be used to model simple harmonic motions, and which swing back and forth in some clocks.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d1b3ab2054fa4a7481b1e88799ed479a",
            "input": "A scribe of these people, Ahmes, was responsible for the creation of what is now known as the Rhind Papyrus. One ruler of this empire, King Apepi, ruled for at least forty years and went by the epithet of Aauserra. A Semitic people, much of what we know of them comes from Tell el-Daba and they were given a name which likely means rulers of foreign lands. They introduced the composite bow and chariot after their invasion, and ruled from the capital of Avaris, but were finally expelled by Ahmose I around 1540 BCE, which led to the establishment of the 18th Dynasty. FTP, name these people who ruled northern Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ef601b7e2ec45d18e846f55a67901d7",
            "input": "party game in this work sees people counting fast in a circle, with mistakes being punished with a box on the ear. One character says he will not use pistols after an incident when a bullet went through a maid's hand. In one scene, the protagonist argues with Albert about the morality of a girl drowning herself. Near the end of this work, the protagonist recites the songs of Ossian to his beloved, who declares the meeting their \"last time. \" The protagonist ultimately realizes he can never be with Charlotte, prompting him to commit suicide. For 10 points, name this epistolary work of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the sensitive problems of the youthful titular character.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb8856fb73fb44b7958dc655316f6817",
            "input": "An RAF volunteer in 1917, he survived an airplane crash during his first flight and being hit by a bus during a London blackout. His political career began with the Canadian Department of External Affairs as First Secretary, and he later became Canada's first ambassador to the U.S.  Elected to Parliament for Algoma East as a Liberal, he served in St. Laurent's cabinet and led the Liberal opposition during the Diefenbaker years. His own government was responsible for universal medicare. FTP, name this Canadian Prime Minister best remembered for his role in the Suez Canal crisis.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d11212be976a4fd6974cff8b0d00c143",
            "input": "This author of \"Contribution to the Theory of Sense Perception\" published his \"Lectures on the Mind of Humans and Animals\" one year after becoming the first person ever to teach a course on scientific psychology. After being  passed over to succeed his mentor William von Helmholtz in 1871, wrote the  seminal work \"Principles of Physiological Psychology. \"  For 10 points, name this German, the so-called father of experimental psychology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b2b56e0e16e48f8a8282c38d35aa000",
            "input": "It uses the tried and true wicked stepmother plot, with that stepmother hoping to get rid of the heroine to place her son, Cloten, upon the throne. The heroine's husband is deceived about her fidelity and asks his friend Pisanio to take her to Wales and kill her. Pisanio relents and the heroine soon meets her long lost brothers, Polidore and Cadwal, who had been carried away as babies by Bellarius, a former lord of her father's court. FTP what is this Shakesperean play, centering on Imogen, the daughter of the title king of England",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4bb4921c2894a15a2a227e15c00dc71",
            "input": "An analysis of this work by Ebehard Ruhmer shows that the central figures arm was repositioned at least three times and his head was lowered. The innermost scene features sculptures of St. Jerome and St. Anthony in the center section, and the Temptation of St. Anthony on the right. The predella features the lamentation of Mary Magdeline, and the second view contains a Concert of Angels in the center and a resurrection scene on the right. When closed, it depicts Anthony and Sebastian flanking a crucifixion. With sculptural contributions by Nicholas Hagenhaur, FTP, name this piece that was dedicated to the monks of St. Anthony, the most famous work of Matthias Gruenwald.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-344610ad34704da2bda3cfeaff5dc1d9",
            "input": "This composer included a poem by Holty in a work dedicated to Clelia Gatti-Aldrovandi, his Harp Sonata. This man wrote a symphony that includes a third movement \"Colloquy\" that involves offstage violin and viola soloists. This composer of Symphonia Serena also wrote a piece whose second movement uses a \"Chinese\" flute that repeats a melody eight times and is based off of another composer's incidental music to the play Turandot. He may be best known for a symphony that whose movements are based off of the (*) Isenheim Altarpiece. For 10 points, name this 20th century German composer of Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, who based a symphony off of his opera Mathis der Maler.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2dc54721c7d54995ad31a8e06a4bb006",
            "input": "The dioptric form of this is the degree to which an optical system causes light to converge or diverge. This property of a statistical test is the probability the test will not commit a Type II error. The electrical form of this is equal to the integral of the Poynting vector over an area. The volumetric flow rate times pressure gives this in fluid systems. The integral of this quantity yields work, and this word is sometimes used in place of exponent. Name this, the rate at which work is performed or energy converted, with the watt as its SI unit.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d93a6735ef7406788aec07eeeacb835",
            "input": "It mediates the quantum field of the same name, which has a constant vacuum expectation value of 246 gigaelectronvolts. It is CP-even, but because it is a scalar particle, it has zero spin. Several alternate models, such as top quark condensate theory, have been proposed in which it need not (*) exist, as it is the only particle in the Standard Model that has yet to be observed. FTP, name this hypothetical boson, sometimes called the God particle, thought to be responsible for giving mass to the gauge bosons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-328435d070e241278e2a8ba23302e4de",
            "input": "As a trace element, it is essential to human red blood cell development, in that it is required by Vitamin B12. Isolated in 1753 by Georg Brandt, it has since been detected in Egyptian statuettes and glass at the ruins of Pompeii. Its German name was originally applied to ores thought to carry copper, but which were actually arsenic-bearing ores of this metal, perhaps explaining why its German name refers to goblins that live in mines. Most commonly used in magnetic alloys and its eponymous blue pigment, FTP, identify this chemical element with atomic number 27 and symbol Co.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2f65f57b4f74fbfb5f2015ed4cba8b9",
            "input": "This artist showed a figure in golden armor flying on a hippogriff stabbing a dragon while the titular maiden is chained to a rock in the sea in his painting Roger Freeing Angelica, while a line of alabaster soldiers made from clouds appear above a figure in a red cape sleeping on his harp in his The Dream of Ossian. In one work Shakespeare, Dante, and Racine surround the title character, who has the personification of the Iliad sitting below him, while another work features a reclining nude that is holding a turquoise curtain on the right and possesses an extra vertebra. FTP, name this artist, who painted The Apotheosis of Homer and Grand Odalisque.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b966b196daaf4b27bd3e7163822424d3",
            "input": "One character in this work repeats, \"He could do so much for me if he just would\" and says that \"everything in the world...is inside a tub of guts.\" Another character in this novel goes out every night for five months, making his brothers think he's \"rutting,\" but he is actually working for Lon Quick in order to buy a horse. In this novel, one character is raped by (*) Skeet Macgowan while seeking an abortion. It is revealed that the matriarch of the central family had an affair with Reverend Whitfield, who is the real father of Jewel. This novel follows Cash, Darl, Anse, and others as they travel to Jefferson. For 10 points, name this novel about the Bundrens' attempts to bury Addie written by William Faulkner.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f43fd73fbfc74db5b4e6cdca1953a2f8",
            "input": "Among this country's possessions are two islands named for saints, San Felix and San Ambrosio, which make up two of the four Desventuradas, or Unfortunate, Islands. This country also owns two islands whose names are inspired by a work of Daniel Defoe, the whole group of which are named after the Spaniard who discovered them and San Felix and San Ambrosio. In addition to the Juan Fernandez Islands, which include Alexander Selkirk and Robinson Crusoe Islands, this country possesses another Pacific Ocean island known for its moai. For 10 points, what is this country that owns Easter Island, with its capital at Santiago",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-272a147e9bc84c299ba8747ca6d8255a",
            "input": "A recent book discussing this nations Presidential election is You Must Set Forth at Dawn, which discusses the fraud at the heart of the administration of Umar Musa YarAdua. Recent troubles in this country have centered on a group partially led by Ateke Tom, which has been undertaking raids in its Rivers State near Port Harcourt, near a region from which Royal Dutch Shell employees have been kidnapped, the delta of its namesake river. For 10 points, name this oil-rich nation long ruled by Olusegun Obasanjo; a large nation of west central Africa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-238ef19c79e244f693b8b713c5bb5280",
            "input": "Drum rolls occur during the entrance of the strings following a brief violin solo near the end of this work, while the main instrument enters for the first time near the beginning, following a theme played by a muted trumpet. This is followed by the first entrance of the whole orchestra, then a cymbal crash, after which the solo instrument has its first extended solo in this work, which opens and ends in B-flat. Orchestrated by Ferde Grofe and written on behalf of Paul Whiteman, it was conceived by its composer on a train ride to Boston. A clarinet glissando over a seventeen-note diatonic scale opens, FTP, which work for solo piano and jazz band written by George Gershwin",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c641eb0a023c480cb34ba069cc9f85bc",
            "input": "Along with the Gibbs-Kelvin relation, this relation appears as a b over R cubed term in the Kohler equation that relates saturation in cloud condensation nuclei. The first practical application of it was determining molecular weights of compounds through a differential thermometer developed by Ernst Beckmann. This law is applicable over large ranges for ideal systems like toluene/xylene, but otherwise requires the limiting condition of low solute concentrations. Similar to a law stating that the pressure of a gas is proportional to the concentration of a gas, for 10 points, name this law which states that the vapor pressure of a solvent is proportional to the mole fraction of a solute.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-311723bd7d07443ea08df49651b7dc69",
            "input": "were stone benches set up at crossroads for this god, and one of his manifesetations was Miquiztli or \"one death. \" He seduced the daughter of Uemac while disguised as Toueyo the seller of green peppers and his ixiptla sacrifice involved finding a beautiful young man and giving him eight pages and four wives for twenty days. Those wives included Uixtociuatl as well as the hairy Xilonen or Chicomecoatl and this destroyer of Tollan later kidnapped Xochiquetzal from Tlaloc. His four forms are children of Ometecuhtli and Omechihuatl and include the red and black forms, and this god is usually depicted with black and yellow stripes. Tepelloyotl represents this figure's jaguar aspect, and he often antagonized Quetzalcoatl. For 10 points, name this Aztec god, known for his smoking obsidian mirror.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7cd6986e80d14409bd4f142e431bf5b0",
            "input": "One character in this work first meets the narrator on a bus, and spends fifteen days with him in a tent while he attempts to pick cotton to support them. In addition to Terry, this work contains one character who leaves a note on his door to invite the narrator in through the window, and later takes the narrator to see Duke Ellington at the Metropolitan Opera, one who takes benzedrine tubes with an airgun and goes into the bathroom twice a day to shoot heroin, and one who rubs his belly and drives his Hudson like a maniac. For 10 points, name this work, containing Remi Boncoeur, Old Bull Lee, Carlo Marx, Dean Moriarty, and narrator Sal Paradise, a novel by Jack Kerouac.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a4f5bdd285e41dda7e68242f9d2316f",
            "input": "He wrote about \"days I have held,/ days I have lost,/ days that outgrow, like daughters,/ my harbouring arms\" in Midsummer, while his musical The Capeman, based on the gang member of the same name, was co-written with Paul Simon. In another one of his works, he wrote \"I'm just a red nigger who love the sea, / I had a sound colonial education, / I have Dutch, nigger and English in me, / and either I'm nobody, or I'm a nation\", a sentiment that exemplifies his literature, including The Schooner Flight, while he is perhaps most known for his epic poem which tells stories of Achille and Hector and their feud over Helen, and of the mad Dennis Plunkett, Helen's former employer, Omeros. For 10 points, name this St. Lucian poet who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1992.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-597c6315e42d49059987ae20df683531",
            "input": "One figure with this name defeated the rebel George Maniakes, and married his daughter to the son of Yaroslav the Wise. Another figure of this name convened the Sixth Ecumenical Council and condemned monothelitism as heresy before being defeated by the Bulgarian Khan Asparukh at the battle of Ongal. One man by this name ruled the Despotate of Morea before overcoming his brother Demetrios to obtain his most famous title, and that figure died anonymously shortly after the death of Giovanni Giustiniani. The most famous figure of this name executed his son Crispus after defeating Licinius. For 10 points, give this name whose most famous bearer crushed Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge before moving his capital to Byzantium, which he renamed after himself",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77920094d8fa4d82879d72cf617e78b0",
            "input": "This wars major engagement was the month-long Siege of Lille. It was ended due to the diplomatic intervention of the Triple Alliance that included the defending power as well as England and the Netherlands. This war saw the first major victory for the fortification engineer Sebastien Vauban, and much of this conflict was fought over the Duchy of Brabant. It was sparked when Spain proved unable to pay the dowry of Maria Theresa as required by the Peace of the Pyrenees, and France sought other compensation. For ten points, name this war in which Louis XIV invaded the Spanish Netherlands, named for a concept from property law.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2b6252d7bd647c1b873d10f38c61f8e",
            "input": "The alkyl form of these molecules can be treated with triphenylphosphine and ozone to produce nitro compounds, and these compounds can also be reduced to primary amines via the Staudinger ligation. Isocyanates can be produced by treating carbon monoxide with these compounds, and their reactions with alkyl or aryllithium compounds produce primary amines. The Curtius rearrangement pyrolises the acyl variety of these compounds to give isocyanates, and they can be produced by reacting alcohols or olefins with hydrazoic acid. Typically sensitive to shock, the lead forms of these compounds are used in detonators and blasting caps, while the sodium salt is commonly found as an explosive in automobile airbags. FTP, name this functional group which contains three double-bonded nitrogens.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a014c594b863455a93a23541cb6e8a28",
            "input": "One legend states that he freed the town of Gubbio from an attacking wolf. G.K Chesterton wrote that this man was visited by a six-winged seraph on the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross and received the stigmata. He wrote of his love for Sister Moon and Mother Earth in his Canticle of the Sun. He is credited with creating the first Nativity creche scene, and his mission inspired a noblewoman to begin a group of women followers, the Poor Clares. For 10 points, identify this Roman Catholic patron saint of animals and founder of a namesake group of friars.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1cc6637289fb4919a614a10ae66534db",
            "input": "Within a constant it's the Laplacian of the function \"one over distance\"  and is also the charge density of a point charge. Actually an operator which projects out a function's value at the origin, it's not really a function at all. For ten points, name this mathematical entity, which is zero everywhere except the origin and is designated by a Greek letter.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d567c047e6d44e8b0d9c38791382ea2",
            "input": "The definition of this concept was called into question by Edmund Gettier, who attacked the established doctrine that had dated back to Plato's Theaetetus. Externalists argue that it is possible to possess it unawares, while internalists deem it a matter of the correct relation of ideas in the mind. Foundationalists claim that one must have correct basic beliefs to possess it, while coherentists argue that it is a matter of the interlocking of beliefs. FTP, identify this concept which, according to Cartesian skepticism, humans entirely lack.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a1847afbcbee4af69b4375f592f3eff5",
            "input": "For a solid, it can be determined using the Knudsen method or thermogravimetry. One can use the Kelvin equation to calculate it for a single drop of liquid, and the Goff-Gratch equation is the meteorological standard for calculating it for water. If the value of this quantity is known at one temperature, the Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be used to find its value at any other temperature, and this value can be calculated as the product of its value for a pure solvent and the solvent's mole fraction in Raoult's Law. Adding solute molecules to a solution lowers this quantity but raises the boiling point, which is defined as the temperature at which this quantity equals the external pressure. FTP name this quantity defined as the pressure of a gas in equilibrium with a confined liquid or solid.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0dcf208a684486bb80ecff11f9cd3ce",
            "input": "This artist created a bronze candle stick for the Palazo della Signoria, while Lucrezia Donati was the subject of his Woman With a Primrose. Other works by this man include a painting that features two children in white kneeling in front of Saint Monica and a bust of Alexander the Great, in ancient armor, that was given as a gift to the King of Hungary. The relative lack of Christian imagery in his work is particularly notable in his porphyry and marble tomb of Piero and Giovanni de Medici at the Church of San Lorenzo, though his only surviving metal work is The Beheading of John the Baptist. Although the Villa Careggi is home to his bronze Putto with a Dolphin, his greatest work was originally placed in the Piazza San Marco in Venice and depicted a noted condotierro on horseback. For 10 points, name this sculptor of the Equestrian Monument of Colleoni, whose painting Baptism of Christ was created with his student, Leonardo da Vinci. \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b6427a9a77e849daab9150aa7fd49c6d",
            "input": "Whiskers form on the face of these structures due to the polymerization cause by thousand-gauss magnetic fields, and binary x-ray sources occur when these objects compress accreted material from their companions. Their size can be abruptly changed by starquakes, and their cores contain particles made up of only strange quarks, called hyperons. Their outer layers are about a half mile of iron; in between is a superfluid. Their mass must be below the indeterminate Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, but above the Chandrasekhar limit, and they include soft gamma repeaters, magnetars, and pulsars. For 10 points, name these twelve-mile-wide, very dense stars, composed mostly of chargeless baryons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d1d91e3ab6148098937aeafdb60968d",
            "input": "Among his scientific works was Treatise on the Astrolabe, written for his ten-year-old son, and one of his earliest works was an elegy for Blanche, the first wife of the Duke of Lancaster: Book of the Duchess. The first recorded use of the word \"galaxy\" is found in his House of Fame. Most of his works were left unfinished, but one of his completed poems took the plot from (*) Boccaccio's Filostrato and saw rhyme royal used in English for the first time. That poem, Troilus and Criseyde, is often considered to be his best work, although his most famous depicted a storytelling contest between pilgrims travelling to the shrine of Thomas  Becket. FTP name this author of The Canterbury Tales.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f2d7b8c5bd7440e9fadc83f5682cd63",
            "input": "His \"Arusha Declaration\" proposed a form of African socialism to oppose the personality-driven style of Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana. His own influence over East Africa was no less complete, however: he drove Idi Amin from power in Uganda and merged his own nation with Zanzibar. FTP, who allied with Oscar Kambona to lead Tanganyika to independence in 1961 and was President of Tanzania until 1985",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-34dee65388ca4f0cb0cf402e725d38c0",
            "input": "This country's Waikato region is home to the Waitomo Glowworm caves while the West Coast region is home to Fox Glacier and Franz Josef Glacier. This country is located on the boundary of two tectonic plates, leading to volcanic activity in the Taupo Volcanic Zone and frequent earthquakes, such as the one that struck Christchurch in February 2011. Most people in this country live on the North and South Islands. A May 2011 tornado cut a three mile wide path through this country's city of Auckland. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Wellington.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7639ae9eb6dc46d8b3c79df91694bca6",
            "input": "This political entity was disastrously defeated by the Cimbri and the Teutoni at the Battle of Arausio. It fought against a group of cities including Marsi in a war sometimes called the Marsic, or Social, War. One defeat for this government came at a battle in which Varro was outsmarted by the use of a double envelopment tactic; that was the Battle of Cannae. However, this republic eventually defeated Carthage over the course of the Punic Wars. For 10 points, name this republic that later became an empire under the rule of Augustus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1f2fc24de9e745f8a7b8445d8114f3f6",
            "input": "The sun decreases this entity's linking number, called its helicity, in coronal mass ejections. In the presence of this entity, the Lyman alpha transition exhibits ten lines instead of two, and the wave propagation vector is parallel to this entity in Alfven waves. An armature rotates within a stator that generates this phenomenon in a dynamo, and this entity is expelled from a superconductor in the Meissner effect. This quantity is proportional to the integral around a loop of wire of the wire element cross the unit vector to the wire over the distance to the wire squared. For 10 points, give this entity, which exerts a force on a charged particle proportional to velocity's cross product with it.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0b5effa90384397aed25f0a1c046a60",
            "input": "The presence of this compound in drinking water can be detected using a colorimetric procedure described by Snell and Snell, or through reactions with potassium permanganate, potassium iodide, or ceric sulfate. Sato et al proposed an alternative to traditional adipic acid production using a 30 percent solution of this molecule. This compound may be used to separate titanium from iron, and the second step of the (*) Ruff degradation method uses this compound and an iron salt. Commercial production of this compound typically uses stabilizers such as acetophenetidin and acetanilide, and this molecule is used along with a Lewis acid to produce esters from ketones in the Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation. Along with MCPBA, it is often used to create epoxides. In the body, it is broken down by catalase, and generated by superoxide dismutase. For 10 points, name this potent oxidative species often used as a disinfectant, with chemical formula H2O2.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2cbd1018ee7a4369ad1884e23f799b81",
            "input": "Mormons often engage in this activity on the first Sunday of the month, giving money saved as an offering to the church. Some Hindu women do this to boost the well-being and longevity of their husbands in an act called karwa chauth. Luther concurs with Catholic theology, saying that those taking Communion should do this the previous hour. Rules on this in Judaism ban the brushing of teeth during days where it is practiced due to water usage. For 10 points, name this activity practiced by Jews on Yom Kippur and by Muslims during the days of Ramadan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5081165c8b4f4388b4ac0227c41b9a20",
            "input": "A former student of this man disappears from a nursing home at the beginning of a novel set near the sinister Great Ohio Desert. That female student of this man passes down his theories to her granddaughter Lenore Beadsman in David Foster Wallace's The Broom of the System. Bruce Duffy fictionalized this man's relationship with two of his older colleagues in the novel The World as I Found It, whose title comes from one of this man's books. A novel named for this man begins with the line \"in the beginning, sometimes I left messages in the street,\" and describes how the narrator drives to the great art museums of the world and burns the frames of paintings to keep warm. That novel named for this man is narrated by Kate, a woman typing a series of mostly one-sentence paragraphs in an East Coast beach house, who believes herself to be the last person on Earth. For 10 points, name this philosopher, who titles a David Markson novel about his \"mistress.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70f23ea573d04ce3a232227eab955e4d",
            "input": "This thinker observed that \"every action can only take place in consequence of a sufficient motive\" in The Basis of Morality, and also wrote an essay arguing that the title group of people can't take a \"purely objective interest in anything\", titled \"On Women\". This philosopher applied \"observations of unbiased physical investigators\" to the \"kernel of [his] Metaphysics\" in On the Will in Nature, and described four classes of objects in On the (*) Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason. The \"Epistemology\" volume of his best known work discusses the Kantian \"thing-in- itself\". For ten points, name this pessimistic German author of The World as Will and Representation.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5fe06578a3c6464c9418cb130eba71a6",
            "input": "One president of this country supplied his Caravan of Death with helicopters. That president also ordered his secret police, the DINA, to assassinate Orlando Letelier. Pedro de Valdivia was killed by native Mapuche in this country, which won a war caused by a tax on (*) saltpeter mining. As part of Operation Condor, one Marxist president of this country was ousted in a 1973 CIA-backed coup. This country, whose independence was orchestrated by Bernardo O'Higgins, won against Bolivia and Peru in the War of the Pacific. For ten points, identify this country once led by Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet from Santiago.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99cf6e8d24fb4971a633fe086493a90c",
            "input": "An alternate statement of this rule is that a function and its Fourier transform cannot both be compactly supported. Local hidden variable theories tried to explain it in the context of the EPR Paradox, but Bell's Theorem disproved that explanation. Its derivation makes use of the Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality, and it is most accurately understood in terms of wave-particle duality, whereby the product of the widths of two different wavefunction collapses must be greater than Planck's constant over 4 pi. Describing the non-commutability of the operators for pairs of observables, FTP name this principle whose most famous example relates the inability to determine the exact momentum and position of a particle simultaneously.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0364b08bb55d4d88873acbba32728592",
            "input": "creation of this ballet so inspired the Paris Opera that rehearsals on La Jolie Fille de Gand were stopped so that it could be immediately performed. It was inspired by a reading of Heinrich Heine's De l'Allemagne and by one librettist's infatuation with Carlotta Grisi, who starred in its first performance. In this ballet, Berthe fears the spirits led by Queen Myrta, who force men to dance to death during the hours between midnight and dawn, and indeed, the exposure of one character's disguise by the jealous gamekeeper Hilarion leads Berthe's daughter to join those Wilis. A prince engaged to Bathilde disguises himself as Loys but is revealed as Albrecht, causing the death of the title peasant girl, in this ballet, which Marius Petipa revised after the original libretto by the Marquis de Saint-Georges and Theophile Gautier. For 10 points, identify this ballet with music by Adolphe Adam.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8435677250db4a66a889fc88eabc9cee",
            "input": "Also known by the epithets Heramba, Vinayaka, and Ekadanta, this deity is celebrated at his namesake \"Chaturthi\" festivals. Usually represented with a snake running around his belly, he generally holds a goad, a noose, a rosary, and a pen, in his four hands. The latter symbolizes his role as scribe, as he was the first to write down the story of the Mahabharata. The destroyer of Pride, his lack of vanity is embodied by his humble mount, the rat. But he is best known for an anatomical peculiarity gained when either Sani or Shiva decapitated him. FTP identify this deity created out of the dirt of Parvati's body, the Hindu remover of obstacles, who has an elephant's head.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a021e935232042ddad7c62625fb19314",
            "input": "Over 90% of its volume lacks oxygen, because the upper and lower layers do not intermix, making it the largest meromictic basin in the world. It is divided into two sub-basins, the northern one with a large shelf of over 190 kilometers wide. The southern shelf is narrow and borders upon the cities of Samsun and Sinop, to the west emptying through the Sea of (*) Marmara. It is separated from the Sea of Azov by the Cimmerian Bosporus, and northern cities include Odessa and Rostov. FTP, name this inland sea separating Asia from Europe.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9699e173c7174aae91ba6745d158be79",
            "input": "This belief's adherents trust that the third savior Saoshyant will bring about the \"final renovation. \" Vishtaspa was the protector of their founder, who taught about the conflict between truth and lies, known as asha and druj. This religion's first man is Gayomart, and one sect of it believes in the timeless, apathetic god Zurvan. Hymns of this religion include the Gathas and the Yashts, which can be found in the Yasna. Parsi practitioners of it are placed in towers of silence when they die, and its sacred texts are found in the Zend-Avesta. For 10 points, name this faith that centers on the conflict between Ahriman and Ahura Mazda and was formed by a namesake Persian prophet.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-092b78a1a4bf42d98cf94e4327caebb7",
            "input": "One ruler of this empire held a court whose \"Nine Jewels\" included the witty Birbal, who joined that ruler's new religion of Din-i-Ilahi. This empire's sixth ruler re-instituted a tax on non-Muslims called the jizya, while another ruler of this empire defeated Ibrahim Lodhi at [*] Panipat. This empire's last ruler was Bahadur II. One ruler of this empire was defeated by Sher Shah Suri, and Aurangzeb's father commemorated his own wife Mumtaz with the Taj Mahal. This empire was founded by Humayun's father Babur and later ruled by Shah Jahan and Akbar. For 10 points, name this Muslim Indian empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ac38907278b482781f485b8a83f71bf",
            "input": "Francesco Hayez painting that alludes to the reunification of Italy shows a man with a feathered cap performing this action as he rests his leg on a staircase. In his illustrations of Fontaine's Fables, Francois Gerard showed a shy Psyche looking towards the viewer as she receives one. Fragonard showed a man sneaking through a door in a painting titled after a \"stolen\" one, while a flowing white cloth hides the subjects performing this action in Magritte's The Lovers II. Another painting showing this action has black and white rectangles appearing on a man's golden robe and circles on the woman's robe. For 10 points, identify this action which is depicted in a painting by Gustav Klimt.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0b67d0648e544e39bdc02e183e687960",
            "input": "A year after this man's wool partnership with Simon Perkins failed, his one-year-old daughter was accidentally scalded to death. In 2012, John Stauffer and Zoe Trodd published The Tribunal, a collection of responses to this man from figures like Wendell Phillips, Horace Greeley and Karl Marx. For a time, this man lived with his family on land owned by Gerrit Smith in North Elba, New York. Mahala Doyle wrote a scathing letter to this man after it was revealed he (*) hacked her husband to death and killed William Sherman. Thomas Wentworth Higginson was one of the Secret Six who supplied this man with weapons. This man responded to the sack of Lawrence by launching the Pottawatomie Massacre. For 10 points, name this man who launched a raid on Harpers Ferry.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-582dcbd246794d52b4a7e7f260175723",
            "input": "This conflict introduced swept-wing fighter jets such as the F-86 Sabre, which engaged in skirmishes   in MiG [\"mig\"] Alley. Outpost Harry held out against over a week of constant artillery fire, while  battles over White Horse Mountain and Pork Chop Hill ended in stalemates. The American Tenth   Corps fought their way out after being encircled at Chosin Reservoir, while U.N. forces broke out of  the Pusan Perimeter after an amphibious assault at Inchon led by Douglas MacArthur. Name this  1950 to 1953 war halted by an armistice that established a demilitarized zone along the 38th parallel.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d5e5b31eea44a10b21cdc86391502fd",
            "input": "One character in this work talks with the chatty Captain Turner, making him late to a meal and frustrating the unseen cook Bridget. The tardy character is the landlord of the also unseen Shaughnessy who has his pigs bathe in the lake of an oil magnate. Multiple characters, including the servant Cathleen, hide their drinking by mixing water with whiskey, and the central male characters are all drunk during the final scene where Baudelaire, Dowson and Swinburne are quoted. This drunkenness follows Dr. Hardy diagnosing Edmund with consumption while the other major conflict centers on Mary's abuse of morphine. FTP, identify this play centering on the Tyrone family, a mostly autobiographical work by Eugene O'Neill.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d546406a300842ad99c4e556cbee967d",
            "input": "In the fifth act of this play, one character chides another for making a bad decision regarding a casket of state secrets, and in the next scene, that same character notes that we live in such an age, with such a king, that violence can not advance our cause. After disowning his son Damis for claiming that the title character had made an advance on his wife, the main character signs his house over to the title character. In this work's final scene, the title character is arrested by an officer of the prince for his past crimes while Valere, Marianne, and Cleante, among others, look on. For ten points, identify this play about the titular hypocrite who attempts to swindle Orgon, a comedy by Moliere.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4afca42cb381422386f43ce9b0b2ea99",
            "input": "This work's protagonist associates a piece of music called \"Solitude\" with a naked man abandoned by a fleeing bird. After Raoul comes down with a fever, the protagonist is rebuked for her \"habitual neglect of the children. \" Opening with a parrot repeating, \"Allez vouz-en! Allez vouz-en! Sapristi!,\" this novel's protagonist is offered help by Doctor Mandelet and is inspired by her piano teacher, Mademoiselle Reisz. The protagonist has an affair with Alce Arobin and loves Robert Lebrun, even though she is married to Lonce. Ending with the protagonist returning to Grand Isle and committing suicide by wading into the sea, FTP, name this novel about Edna Pontellier, by Kate Chopin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2161c3b79eb64f9b8f1cb903c6da81f8",
            "input": "It is employed by the new titanium based toothbrush called soladey, which combat plaque by neutralizing the substance's protons. In one experiment involving it, a circular zinc plate is attached to a gold leaf electroscope exposed to burning magnesium. In another experiment, the lengths of sparks generated by an induction coil were found to have become smaller in darkness. In addition to the work of Wilhelm Hallwachs and Heinrich Hertz, it is demonstrated in experiments where no detectable time lag is found, and kinetic energy is seen to be independent of intensity. The cut-off frequency times Planck's constant is used to calculate the minimum energy needed for an electron to escape the surface, the work function. FTP, name this phenomenon where electrons are emitted from matter after the absorption of packets of electromagnetic radiation, famously explained by Albert Einstein.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9c190250dbb4afdae812dee7dce9782",
            "input": "In one of this man's works, Fyodor finds true love in Zina Mertz as he passionately criticizes the work of Nikolai Chernyshevski. In addition to The Gift, he also wrote about a title character who meets his ex-wife's son Victor, and struggles to maintain a job as a professor of Waindell College. The narrator of one of his works writes a commentary of the titular poem and believes he is exiled king of Zembla, Charles Kinbote, and his most famous work is narrated by a scholar from a jail cell as he recounts his adventures with the titular nymphet. For 10 points, name this Russian born author of Pnin, Pale Fire, and Lolita.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bd34e49554584242bc8667970653b483",
            "input": "A comic argument in this play turns on whether an available sofa was yellow or green. An attempted seduction goes awry when a woman reveals she is wearing clothes in mourning, but her seducer suggests she just take off her dress. A procurer leaves because she is scandalized by the presence of the mother of one of her former prostitutes. In addition to Madame Pace, other characters include one found dead in the fountain, the Girl, and the Boy, whose death from a mysterious gunshot causes the remaining figures to argue with the director over whether he's really dead or just pretending. FTP, name this play about the unnamed title figures who interrupt a rehearsal, a work by Luigi Pirandello.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0bfaf3afbed4c75b78f3e3c1c6932ea",
            "input": "The STAR Collaboration reported the observation of this particle's antiparticle, the most massive antiparticle observed to date. George Gamow discovered the mechanism for the release of these particles via quantum tunnelling. This particle and a neutron are produced by the fusion of triton and deuteron particles. These particles followed a one over sine to the fourth scattering in an experiment in that detected them using a zinc sulfide screen. That experiment was conducted by Geiger and Marsden and disproved the plum-pudding model of the atom. For 10 points, name this particle used in Rutherford's gold foil experiment, which is identical to a helium-4 nucleus.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7bcf7d1aac7e4c61afdc8dc6c7527c77",
            "input": "thinker from this country published a rebuttal of Mandeville's fable of the bees and attacked Hobbes in his essay Thoughts of Laughter after establishing an influential ethical philosophy in An Inquiry Concerning Moral Good and Evil. Another thinker from this country advocated \"direct realism\" in attacking the idealism of Berkeley and championed the \"vulgar\" or the \"sensus communis. \" Another philosopher from this country proposed that each person is made up of a \"bundle\" of attributes and argued that although it is necessary in everyday life, a justification of (*) induction is impossible. That philosopher's criticism of those who offer prescriptive instead of descriptive theories is called the \"is-ought\" problem and found in his A Treatise of Human Nature. For 10 points, name this home of Frances Hutcheson, Thomas Reid, and David Hume.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-647c953c8f75443ea7d06fe158555915",
            "input": "A ruler of this name introduced a symbolic military standard called the labarum. The fifth Byzantine emperor of this name, a son of Leo the Isaurian, was nicknamed \"Copronymus\" for defecating at his baptism. An early ruler of this name defeated his colleague Licinius at Chrysopolis, as described by Eusebius of Caesarea. The last member of the Paleologus dynasty held this name, and tore off his imperial clothing before charging into (*) Mehmet II's troops in 1453. The homoousios compromise came from Saint Helena's son of this name, who saw a vision in the sky before defeating Maxentius at Milvian Bridge and co-issuing the Edict of Milan. For 10 points, give this name of eleven emperors who all used a namesake capital in the Eastern Roman Empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c03ff1bbd6f4add98742d1faf6aa3fb",
            "input": "His first published work was a translation of James Baikie's history of his country, and that ancient history was the subject of his first novel Mockery of the Fates. The title character cavorts with the prostitute Nur and dies in a cemetery in his The Thief and the Dogs, and Hamida leaves her fiance to become a prostitute in his Midaq Alley. He traced the tradition of monotheistic religions in Children of Gebelawi, while another of his works was split up into three novels: Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, and Sugar Street. FTP, name this author of The Cairo Trilogy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3af48d0c89ca4dc8a3c53a345f2a6a53",
            "input": "One of the key ideas of this novel is the comparison made by Mozart between life and a radio playing Handel's Concerto Grosso in F Major, while another major moment is the protagonist's dream of a conversation with Goethe while sleeping at the The Black Eagle. The title figure is forced to reevaluate his life after meeting the bandleader Pablo and Hermine, and after visiting the Magic Theater he begins to realize the errors of his earlier way of life, in which the conflict between his intellectual ideals and his animal impulses led to his estarangment from society. FTP, such describes what novel about Harry Haller by Hermann Hesse",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-12fca3b4b36547309d276127a48e2d33",
            "input": "This ruler had a daughter named Deinomache who came to marry Cleinias and have a famous son. His own mother was Agariste, a daughter of a tyrant of Sicyon who shared this ruler's name, and his father was Megacles. This man ascended to power only after the expulsion of an aristocrat, Isagoras, who ran on a platform of revoking citizenship and was supported by king Cleomenes I. This ruler divided the land into city, shore, and inland regions and set up a system of ten trittyes composed of demes. He also increased the size of the boule to 500, discouraged the use of the patronymic, and supposedly introduced ostracism. FTP, name this Alcmaeonidae ruler who came to power in 508 B.C. and reformed the Athenian democracy.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b01bec71231c4683b0f619a5d035c89e",
            "input": "The artist of this painting depicted a gigantic fish and a bunch of blocks moving apart in a work depicting this paintings disintegration. A large, flat surface extends from off the canvas in this paintings upper left, while the background depicts the coastline of Cape Creus. Ants swarm an object in this paintings lower right, while its center features a white object with a huge closed eyelash. A bare branch grows out of a table in, for 10 points, which work that features three melting clocks, by Salvador Dali",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e33b4e8e720463cb851a48adf37f52b",
            "input": "In one essay, this man claimed that Giovanni Pisano's David \"had all the implications of the contradictions, troubles, and worries inside its head that Hamlet had\" and hence that Giovanni was a greater influence than his father Nicola. His only brick work was Wall Relief No. 1 in Rotterdam's Bouwcentrum. He spoke of how a piece of wax became a \"horned, Pan-like, bearded head\" and grew a crown for one of his sculptures. Besides works in Scotland such as King and QueenGlenkiln Cross, his interest in the relation of \"outer protection to an inner form\" manifested itself in his and the totemic Helmet Head series and viscous socket shapes characterize his Three Vertebrae. The St. James Park station contains this man's sculpture West Wind. This close friend of Barbara Hepworth and sculptor of Knife Edge Mirror Two Piece created many works based on the \"Mother and Child\" motif. He also created a series of works including many \"draped\" pieces and was inspired by Mayan Chacmool statues. For 10 points, name this British sculptor of the Reclining Figures series.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dcc92e502f764dc9b2de95f82fccfb98",
            "input": "This equation is used to determine slopes of a phase diagram, and can also be applied to solids as well as liquids. One form neglects the volume of the liquid and assumes the ideal gas law, while its more common form is derived from the first law of thermodynamics and assumes that the change in Gibbs Free Energy is zero. This form is expressed as the derivative of pressure with respect to temperature equals the heat absorbed divided by the temperature times the change in volume. FTP, name this equation that describes transitions from one phase to another, named for two scientists",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-658bfaffbbb34fd5b6212b3a1f91d5a3",
            "input": "His self-portraits include one \"with Burning Cigarette,\" one \"Beneath Woman's Mask,\" one \"Between Clock and Bed,\" two \"During the Eye Disease,\" and one \"with Skeleton Arm. \" His namesake museum in the Tyen district of his hometown, designed by Fougner and Myklebust, houses a work in which he painted a a naked woman with her head tilted back and a red halo and another in which the title character's red hair is draped over the head of a bent-over man. In addition to Madonna and Vampire, he included Death in the Sickroom in his painting cycle the Frieze of Life. FTP name this man who painted a swirling red sky and two indistinct figures on a bridge approaching a figure with a distorted face in The Scream.  \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7651bf6516404829b5abdee29ee58c2d",
            "input": "He was inspired by the work of Tommy Trentino, a prisoner in Trenton State Prison, to write An Open Letter to Stroker!. His essays \"The Mystery of the Japanese Woman\" and \"On Seeing Jack Nicholson for the First Time\" were collected in Gliding into the Everglades. He wrote a \"study of Rimbaud\" in The Time of the Assassins as well as  Reflections on the Death of Mishima, but is better known for his own works of fiction, like Quiet Days in Clichy and the posthumous Crazy Cock. A \"journey through his major writings\" was compiled by Norman Mailer in Genius and Lust, while a trip from Italy to Greece at the beginning of World War II produced his best book, The Colossus of Maroussi. FTP, name this author of a trilogy which includes Sexus, Plexus, and Nexus, who is best known for Tropic of Cancer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac11c6e761074428a2f413ee4b6c2433",
            "input": "In one story, a barbarian king seeks this item out by cutting out the heart of a man who is so brave that his heart doesn't quaver with fear. This item is sought by King Atli from Hogni, though it originally belonged to a creature that died after a man dug a pit and hid in the hole so that he could avoid its blood. A body that is stuffed with this material is given to (*) Hreidmar after Loki mistook Otr for an otter. A story involving the god Ran lead the phrase \"brightness of the sea\" to be a kenning for this substance. Draupnir is an item that is made of it, as is the bristles of the boar Gullinbursti. For 10 points, name this treasure that comprises Sif's hair, hordes of which are guarded by the dragon Fafnir.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05679781700f4107b44816a3e2b4eeb0",
            "input": "In solid-state physics, a dimensionally-equivalent \"sheet\" version of this quantity is often reported as its value \"per square\". Its quantum is equal to h over e squared, and the Drude model gives this extensive quantity as inversely proportional to the product of carrier number density and mobility. A complex version of this quantity includes a term equal to frequency times inductance. The power dissipated in a circuit equals (*) current squared times this value. Voltmeters work by applying a very large value for this quantity in parallel. Devices that provide this quantity are marked with a series of colored bands and symbolized with a zig-zag line. For 10 points, name this quantity set equal to voltage over current in a law named for Ohm, who also names its SI unit.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ccb7944544c4124bf074bb2dc537bab",
            "input": "Thomas Tatton claimed that there was a crowd of only thirty thousand people at this event, while James Wroe, in the Observer, gave the highest estimate at 153 thousand. Wroe and Richard Carlile were imprisoned for publicizing the story of this incident, which inspired Percy Bysshe Shelley to write The Masque of Anarchy. Samuel Bamford was also imprisoned after this event perpetrated by the 15th Hussars and the Cheshire Volunteers, and Home Secretary Sidmouth responded by proposing the Six Acts. The trouble began when Henry Hunt was arrested and prevented from speaking, and eleven people were killed when cavalry troops overwhelmed the demonstrators in Manchester. FTP, name this 1819 incident, with a name reminiscent of Napoleon's final defeat.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d74a24160b0f4a3188553dd943601241",
            "input": "This poet commented, \"You need the untranslatable ice to watch\" in a poem appearing in the appendix of a collection that features \"the sonnet-ballad\" which questions, \"Oh mother, mother, where is happiness\" This poet asserted, \"Abortions will not let you forget\" and began another poem, \"Think of sweet and choclate / Left to folly or to fate\". One book features sections titled \"Womanhood\" and \"The Anniad\", and she also wrote \"Dinner is a casual affair\" for the eponymous \"old yellow pair\" in \"The Bean Eaters\". This author of A Street in Bronzeville and Annie Allen wrote a poem including the lines, \"We / Jazz June. We / Die soon\". For 10 points, name this female African-American poet who wrote \"We Real Cool\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-718460c67de94cc98f440bfae61118cd",
            "input": "The Tebbe reaction uses a metal carbenoid to create molecules of this functional class, while the Peterson reaction allows chemists synthesizing them to favor a specific stereoisomer. Only one stereoisomer can be generated by the Julia reaction because its last step requires that R-chains be anti- to one another. They can also be created fromcarbonyls using an ylide in the Wittig reaction, but the easiest way to produce them is through a bimolecular E2 reaction. FTP, identify these molecules, such as ethene or propene, characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e5551392c0154b9eaf2aff56d83f6d4b",
            "input": "This ruler's first wife was Eudoxia Lopukhina, but he forced her to become a nun ten years after their marriage. The Bulavin Rebellion occurred during this man's reign. This ruler gave a portrait of himself as a gift to William III, and established his country's first naval base, which was named Taganrog. This ruler went on a tour in the West with his \"Grand Embassy,\" and upon his return, he imposed a beard tax on his people. He won the Battle of Poltava, forcing Charles XII to flee into the Ottoman Empire. For 10 points, name this Russian tsar who won the Great Northern War and built St. Petersburg.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e215e1fa7b444db79b9ec3e7c7d4bd74",
            "input": "A 2002 biography by Theron Raines attempted to rehabilitate this man's reputation. He hypothesized that the cicatrization component in male coming-of-age rituals symbolizes vagina envy, and studied child-rearing on an Israeli kibbutz in Children of the Dream. Richard Pollack's book debunking his work shows that his fabricated credentials and lack of medical training led him to attribute autism to distant parents rather than genetics, a claim this man advanced in the books The Empty Fortress and Truants from Life. FTP, name this psychologist who discussed fairy tales in The Uses of Enchantment and whose \"Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations\" is based on his experiences in Nazi concentration camps.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f0ebb570e8334004859527fc15d66fd9",
            "input": "Its leader is still revered in the tradition of the Hakka, the migratory people from which he came. Its latter stages were initially suppressed by Frederick Ward, who was succeeded by a more famous individual. After stalling as a result of imperial resistance organized by the scholar Guofan, it came to an end at the hands of the \"Ever-Victorious Army\" and Charles Gordon. It was led by Hong Xiuquan, who was inspired by Protestant missionary tracts and proclaimed a \"Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace. \"  FTP, name this religious rebellion that began in 1852 in China.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5aa82431d16474b83e08810f90f9f10",
            "input": "Leon Gambetta attempted to organize one side's defenses in this war, but fled in a hot air balloon. The Treaty of Frankfurt ended this war, in which the Battle of Sedan was fought. One cause of this war was the possibility of Leopold of Hohenzollern gaining the Spanish throne. Another cause of this war was an edited letter between the ambassador of one country in this war and Wilhelm I. That document known as the Ems Dispatch was used to advance the goals of Otto von Bismarck. For 10 points, name this 1870-1871 war between two European nations that led to German unification.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53c06ef4219b4075bae52faf609cbebd",
            "input": "Malfunctions of this organelle include Wilson's disease, Kaerns-Sayre syndrome, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. It can be found in long traveling chains, and the malate-aspartate shuttle is used between it and the cytosol. Its namesake uncoupling occurs in brown fat, and apoptosis is induced when cytochrome c is released from it. Its cristae are formed by its inner membrane, which is evidence of its endosymbiotic origin. For 10 points, name this organelle whose matrix is the site of the citric acid cycle, the so-called powerhouse of the cell.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac0e46ca159646aeb41cf5b7741e60cb",
            "input": "While still serving in his nations military, he founded a movement known as MBR-200, which protested the government response to the sacudon protests, and which he would later replace with a new movement known as MVR. He faces a domestic opposition group known as the Sumate, whose leaders he has charged with treason following an unsuccessful effort to recall him from office. Organizing his major policy initiatives into Missions named Robinson, Ribas, Guaicaipuro, Sucre, and Bolivar, which variously involve aid to the poor and nationalization of industry. He first came to prominence during the rule of Carlos Perez, whom he tried to overthrow in a 1992 coup, and ten years later he faced an unsuccessful coup against himself. For ten points, name this current left-wing President of Venezuela.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffd14556cd0240a9bef08c5f30f230d3",
            "input": "In one of this author's works, Beralde [bay-RALD] entertains his brother with a dance troupe, and Lucinde pretends to have lost her voice and is treated by the alcoholic woodcutter Sganarelle in his A Doctor in Spite of Himself. Horace and Arnolphe try to marry Arnolphe's naive ward Agnes in this man's The School for Wives,(*) and he wrote a play in which Argan tries to marry his daughter Angelique to the future doctor Thomas Diafoirus. For 10 points, name this author of The Imaginary Invalid who wrote about Madame Pernelle and Orgon coming under the influence of the title hypocrite in Tartuffe.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-20c246d232cb4993a6c5f6550c0aad00",
            "input": "This author wrote about a woman who avenges the death of her father by killing the textile boss Aaron Loewenthal. In another story by this author, the Czech playwright Jaromir Hladik asks God for one year to finish his play The Enemies before the Nazis kill him. This author of \"Emma Zunz\" and \"The Secret Miracle\" wrote of a sorcerer who creates a boy from his dreams before realizing that he too is (*) immune from fire as well as a story about a spy who communicates the name of a town in the newspapers by killing a person named Albert. Another of his stories concerns a place in which an infinite number of hexagonal rooms contain an infinite number of 410 page books. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Circular Ruins,\" the blind Argentine short story writer of \"The Garden of Forking Paths\" and \"The Library of Babel.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-478ca6040eec40eb91ea4a2e60520e20",
            "input": "In 1969, Richard Nixon implemented a plan named after this city that mandated federal employment quotas for minorities. The Paxton Boys marched in this city to protest the government's policy towards Native Americans. Ten percent of this city's residents died in a 1793 yellow fever epidemic. During the First Barbary War, a (*) ship named after this city was burned by Stephen Decatur. This site of the First Bank of the United States also housed the Second Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, both of which met in this city's Independence Hall. For ten points, name this \"City of Brotherly Love\" that is now the largest city in Pennsylvania.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f63890ae9fb940fb87fe4ff9d6abccc2",
            "input": "The New York Minerva, a Federalist paper, published Jefferson's politically damaging \"Mazzei Letter,\" which was written in response to this; while it also prompted attacks from Benjamin Franklin Bache in his Republican Philadelphia Aurora against Washington. The Directory interpreted it as an alliance against France, but it resulted in but one gain, namely the British evacuation of forts in the northwest. Moreover, it failed to address such concerns as impressment and the opening of British ports to American trade. FTP, name this agreement which avoided war with Britain in 1795 and which was named for its chief U.S. negotiator, the then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a7d3831d5ccc4bfa916c8db2e2ce8e83",
            "input": "Transgenic sheep have been engineered to produce this amino acid, necessary for the production of wool. Along with glycine and glutamate, it forms glutathione, a common antioxidant. A variant of it exists containing the element selenium, and its use in dietary supplements raises questions of cannibalism, as a primary source of this amino acid is human hair, where it strengthens the secondary structure of the protein keratin. For 10 points, name this amino acid, whose thiol group when oxidized can bond with another to form a dimer connected by a disulfide bridge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71050f33429347aeb29000adbb629152",
            "input": "Thor disguised himself as this deity to retrieve his hammer from Thrym. This deity was said to have resided in the hall of Sessrumnir, but wandered the earth searching for Odur, a lost love. The giantess Hyndla once made disparaging remarks about this mother of Hnoss. A master of seyir, or magic, another love, the human Ottar, was transformed into a boar after a brief affair. Her most powerful possessions were the necklace of the Brisings and her chariot drawn by cats. FTP, name this daughter of Niord, the Norse goddess of lust and love.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bf7aa59fca464932a9a633d3862ed59b",
            "input": "Holmes and Marsden used the Melnikov formalism to show that coupling perturbations in this system render it non-integrable due to the introductions of horseshoes, which are intersections between stable and unstable manifolds. The differential equation describing the dynamics of a nonlinear one of these systems contains a term proportional to the sine of the angle, which means that displacement of such a system is proportional to an elliptic integral of the first kind. A linear variant of this system avoids that complication by Taylor expanding around the equilibrium point and assuming small-angle oscillations, which gives a period of two pi times the square root of the length over the gravitational acceleration. Also exhibiting chaos when two of these are connected in a \"double\" variant, for ten points, identify this dynamical system, a harmonic oscillator consisting of a weight on a massless rod.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a1be1d874ddc41dc82dcb0685f861eb2",
            "input": "One of these organic compounds is converted to an alkene by a diorganochromium compound in the Takai olefination. Compounds may be reduced to this functionality via the use of DIBAL-H (die-bahl aitch), and alkynes are formed by a reaction of these compounds with tetrabromomethane and triphenylphosphine named for Corey and Fuchs. When these organic compounds lack a hydrogen atom in the alpha position, their disproportionation can be induced by a base in the Cannizzaro reaction. These organic compounds are oxidized to carboxylic acids by a diamminesilver (I) complex, leading to the precipitation of metal onto the inside of the vessel, giving the positive \"silver mirror\" result of the Tollens test. For 10 points, name this special class of ketones with one R group being just hydrogen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-554691ea92ea4b0ca114e6897ceb5a52",
            "input": "One character in this work disgraces his father by insisting upon consulting the witch Erichtho. One scene in this work sees two men each claim that a headless corpse is their son. In this text, Gnaeus wants to destroy the pyramids. One leader in this work ignores a request to consult the Oracle of Jupiter Ammon. In this work, Cordus buries a headless body that washes ashore. The aftermath of this work's central event involves a slew of vultures who create a bloody rainstorm of carrion as they fly away. One of the central characters of this work flees to Brindisi shortly after it begins, and later a battle is nearly won by sneaking through the woods before Scaeva rallies the troops. In the latter part of this work, Cato leads one man's forces through Egypt, while another character is seduced by Cleopatra. For 10 points, name this epic that describes the titular battle between Pompey and Julius Caesar, also known as De Bello Civili.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fcf7bdfa96374078a47fba200961a45f",
            "input": "The fourth movement of this work begins fortissimo before reaching a section marked con tutta forza and dropping abruptly to piano, then diminuendo and ending pianissimo. The sixth movement of this work attempts to approximate the Phyrgian dominant scale by using many augmented second intervals. The ninth movement of this work contains a central andante which features a 16th note triplet tremolo and is meant to mirror the first movement and evoke the sounds of large bells ringing on a clock and of a chase. The most well known movement in this work is marked Maestoso, con grandezza and features a secondary theme based on a Russian Orthodox hymn, and is supposed to mirror the opening promenade of this work. For 10 pointsname this work, featuring movements named \"Cattle\", \"Samuel Goldberg and Schmule\", \"The Hut on Fowl's Legs\", and \"The Great Gate of Kiev\", an orchestral suite by Modest Mussorgsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a3876df2fd840a183367c8f1645911b",
            "input": "After studying law at Lincoln's Inn he worked diligently in the campaign of Dadabhai Naoroji [DA-du-bye NOW-roh-jee], who thus became the first Indian to sit in the House of Commons. He led his side in signing the Lucknow Pact, but would return to London in frustration between 1930 and 1935. Upon his return he spearheaded the attack on the Congress Party and became the preeminent force in the Muslim League. FTP, identify this separatist, the first governor-general of Pakistan.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f20d4c85a8864470b1f64f10e6a29de1",
            "input": "Adding polyethylene glycol to one type of these molecules is believed to be able to increase their half-life in vivo, an approach that lead to the drug PEGASYS. A common member of this family can be synthesized by activation of the TLR7 receptor, and most molecules in this family act through the expression of protein kinase R and inhibition of eIF2. Trypanosomes are able to induce waves of expression of the gamma form of these molecules, and the alpha type is commonly used to treat hepatitis, gential warts, and Kaposis sarcoma. They are usually synthesized by lymphocytes in response to double stranded RNA. FTP, name these proteins that stimulate immune defenses in virus-infected cells.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3256f94f8794418c823b2d4156962ad5",
            "input": "Herodotus claimed that these people fled from Lydia after a severe drought, though another major hypothesis claims that they are descendants of the Villanovan culture. In alliance with the Carthaginians, this civilization lost the battle of Alalia to the Greeks of Massalia but gained control of Corsica. These people were organized into the Dodecapoli, twelve cities that formed their namesake league. Servius Tullius fought this group and Camillus captured their city of Veii in 396 BC, though some kings like Tarquinius Superbus came from this group. For 10 points, name this people of northern Italy who were eventually conquered and assimilated by Rome.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb5064919a604fcea4cdbb5c9132e035",
            "input": "One author from this country won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his book, The Captive Mind, which had been banned by the communist government of his homeland. That writer, Czelslaw Milosz (CHES-waf ME-Wosh), also wrote a poem for a memorial to slain shipyard workers in (*) Gdansk. For 10 points, identify this country, the setting for many books by Isaac Bashevis Singer, including A Day of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-64b7aed2d73f482aa50002c5ac3ac018",
            "input": "When multiplied by charge, the difference between this quantity and the momentum three-vector is in turn multiplied by a vector whose components are matrices, symbolized sigma, on the left side of the bra-ket in the Pauli equation. This quantity is sometimes given as a function equaling q beta over r minus beta-dot-r, where beta is velocity divided by the speed of light, in a relativistically corrected model named for Lienard and Wiechert. When this is nonzero, its path integral is proportional to phase shifts in the wavefunctions of electrons moving past solenoids, according to a phenomenon first predicted by Ehrenberg and Siday in the absence of external fields; that phenomenon is the Aharaonov-Bohm effect. Setting the Laplacian of this quantity equal to the negative of permeability times current density makes the divergence of this quantity equal zero, which is called the Coulomb gauge. For 10 points, name this field symbolized A whose curl gives the magnetic field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee0fcbfb522f4866a4615f44e11d4e50",
            "input": "The six sforzando dominant seventh chords near the end of the exposition of this symphonys first movement become diminished sevenths in the recapitulation, and the last movement uses a theme previously used in the composers opus 35 Variations and Fugue for piano; in that piece, as in this symphonys finale, the themes bass line is presented before the theme itself. At the beginning of the first movements recapitulation, the second horn plays the opening motif four bars before the rest of the orchestra. Featuring a C minor funeral march as its second movement and opening with two staccato E-flat major chords, this is, FTP, what really good symphony, Beethovens third",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-571710feb1604db2915f9514f7c9a801",
            "input": "Congress pretty much screwed this guy when they funded a competition to design a Smithsonian museum of modern art but then refused to fund his winning design. This architect collaborated with Alexander Girard and Dan Kiley on a house in Columbus, Indiana, whose living room features a square, recessed \"conversation pit.\" An airport designed by this man features concourses not directly connected to the main terminal; instead, he designed a system of [*] \"mobile lounges\" to service them. Another terminal he designed features purple-tinted glass walls below two wing-like concrete shells. This designer of Dulles International Airport also created the TWA Terminal at JFK. For 10 points, name this Finnish architect, the son of Eliel.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03f292ce4e0b4735a01a0c2b4ad456a8",
            "input": "The title character of this novel is addressed as Colonel throughout the book, and feels guilt for an event that took place during the Civil War but threatens to ruin him by the end of the novel. The novel begins with an interview by one of the author's recurring characters, the journalist Bartley Hubbard, who writes a piece about a self-made millionaire from Vermont who deals in paint. When he finds out that a local Bostonian dilettante, Tom Corey, has fallen in love with one of his daughters he decides to build a new house on Beacon Hill. FTP identify this 1885 novel about a man who loses all his wealth but regains his soul, written by William Dean Howells.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6fe45de1ce6747b5abbbb87846daca9b",
            "input": "The expression of this protein is partly controlled by the binding of NeuroD1 and Par1, and its secretion is inhibited by SIRT4, which ADP-ribosylates glutamate dehydrogenase. Artificial versions of it include Glargine and Lispro versions, and its structure consists of a central zinc ion coordinated to histidine residues in a hexamer. Originally extracted by Banting and Macleod, this hormone partly operates by upregulating the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. By up-regulating protein kinase B and PFK-2, this hormone promotes glycogen synthesis and opposes gluconeogenesis. Antagonistic to glucagon, FTP, name this peptide hormone secreted from the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans, responsible for lowering blood sugar.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b3aeee9aa6ed4e4ab11130e1bfff0514",
            "input": "A work about the tonality of this opera was written by Martin Chusid, who produced a recent critical edition of it. A solo cello and English horn back the lead character in Act II, which is soon thereafter ended by the cabaletta Si, vendetta, tremenda vendetta. Earlier, the aria Pari siamo points out similarities between two characters. A declaration of love in 3/8 Andante precedes an appearance by the courtier Borsa and one characters declaration that he is the poor student Gualtier Mald. Other male parts include the court usher, the knight Marullo, the Count Ceprano, and the hired assassin Sparafucile. With a libretto by Francesco Piave, FTP, name this 1851 opera based on the play Le Roi Samuse, which features the Duke of Mantua and the aria La donna e mobile as well as the title court jester.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66204ea08ad54bdd988b8fc65cad62a5",
            "input": "This philosopher noted that the exclusion of lepers eventually transitioned to other exclusion rituals in an analogy of a ship of fools. His genealogy of knowledge is a direct allusion to Nietzsche's genealogy of morality. This thinker developed the concept of the medical gaze in his The Birth of the Clinic and argued that the conditions of discourse changed over time in The (*) Order of Things. This man analyzed Bentham's Panopticon in work,.and he developed the theory of biopower in his The Will to Knowledge. For ten points, name this French philosopher and author of Discipline and Punish.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-712e9202c7a64c718e92a1aa02eebf36",
            "input": "Some avoid wearing articles of clothing made from leather on this holiday, and worshippers lightly beat their chests during one prayer said on this holiday. In addition to including a recitation of the Al Het prayer, a kittel is often worn on this holiday, and sex is forbidden on this holiday. This holiday ends with the Neilah prayer service, and it begins with the Kol Nidre prayer, which includes a request for permission to pray with those who have transgressed. For 10 points, name this Jewish day of atonement, which involves a day-long fast and is the namesake of a 1973 war between Egypt and Israel.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-46691dad72c94d7da6bdd981d79a3033",
            "input": "It has been used to synthesize such complex molecules as morphine, reserpine, and cortisone as well as other cyclic organic compounds. Take a substance containing two alternate double bonds and link it to a compound containing a pair of doubly or triply bonded carbon atoms. The two compounds will react to form a six-membered ring. In essence, it is the reaction of quinones with dienes and is also known as diene synthesis. FTP, give this reaction, named for the German scientists Otto and Kurt.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82e80ccbf7564746bd9df6ec39b9886c",
            "input": "One serious drawback to this method is its high sensitivity, as it tends to produce many false positives in an unclean lab. Used diagnostically in some introductory lab courses for the purposes of determining the orientation of an inserted gene, it is also used in site-directed mutagenesis and in quantitative measurement of a specific mRNA in tissue. Cooling is necessary for rehybridization and for attachment of the primers to the original or newly synthesized DNA strands, but near-boiling temperatures will still not denature a certain enzyme of Thermus aquaticus, commonly known as Taq [TACK]. FTP, name this technique developed for large scale amplification of DNA, first proposed by Kary Mullis in 1983.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cacd93135424444fb6c03b5eada27405",
            "input": "In a ten year span, he held eleven different cabinet posts, including Minister of Veterans and War Victims and Delegate to the Council of Europe. He allegedly falsified health reports to hide his fatal cancer for fifteen years. In his most powerful position, he appointed Edith Cresson as the first woman prime minister, a post earlier held under him by Pierre Mauroy and later by Edouard Balladur. During a period known as \"cohabitation,\" this Socialist shared power with the prime minister later succeeded him as President, Jacques Chirac. For 10 points, name this President of France from 1981 to 1995.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24744db9f28546f1a1a6db33b1f7321c",
            "input": "Tomasso Landolfi wrote a novel in which this man is married to a balloon doll named Caracas. In one story by this man a theology student is terrorized by a witch over whom he refuses to read last rites, which results in the summoning of the title gnome. He completely revised his first play three times, producing An Official's Morning, The Servants' Hall, and The Lawsuit. A better-known short story features a government clerk who loves the Chief of the Division's daughter Sophie and includes the improbable correspondences of Madgie and Fidele, two dogs. The machinations of Osip to exploit his master Ivan's case of mistaken identity in a small town is the subject of his best-known play, The Inspector General. Also known for a story about Akaky Akakievich's lost jacket and a novel about the collector Pavel Chichikov, FTP name this author of The Overcoat and Dead Souls.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a73210434c84488c9283963380ed1d93",
            "input": "In one poem, this man tells readers not to \"revile\" a figure \"who might/have lighted up and led his age,\" but was \"fiend-goaded, down the endless dark.\" That poem was written in reaction to Daniel Webster's support of the Fugitive Slave Act. Another work by this poet of (*) \"Ichabod\" tells of how \"Lee marched over the mountain-wall\" into Frederick but was defied by a 90-year-old woman, who kept the American flag flying. This man described the sun cheerlessly rising on a brief December day only to give out at noon in a work subtitled a \"A Winter Idyl.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"Barbara Frietchie\" and \"Snow-Bound.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d5389ce2236b46e7a373dc10c3058b6b",
            "input": "One myth has it that he was a product of an orgy in which Penelope gave her sexual favors to all 129 suitors. Commonly said to be the son of Hermes and Dryops, his ugliness horrified his mother but when taken to Olympus he delighted all the gods, hence his name. He so loved his afternoon nap that if disturbed he would let loose a shout that inspired an intense fear and mental disorder named for him. FTP name this Greek god of shepherds, nature, and rustic revelry depicted as half-man and half-goat playing on his namesake pipes.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4fdce92306048d7a8c57c274570d293",
            "input": "An ongoing debate concerns whether the outermost shell of this layer contains an anomalous ultra low-velocity zone. The boundary between this layer and the layer above it is home to a whispering-gallery mode called the SmKS mode. PKNP waves with N equals four and seven are multiply reflected when bouncing around this layer. The boundary between this layer and the layer above it refracts PKIKP waves. When they enter this layer, SKS and SKKS waves convert to P waves, and P-wave velocity increases smoothly with depth in this region. S wave velocity (*) drops to zero in this region, which lies immediately underneath the d-double prime layer of another region. Convection currents in which are the drivers in the dynamo theory of the Earth's magnetic field. For 10 points, name this 1400-mile thick layer of the earth bound from above by the Gutenberg discontinuity, which consisting of liquid iron and nickel.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3a44bfaad3f4c36abe396a99b6e2fdb",
            "input": "This man designed a hotel named after the person who designed the street layout of Washington D.C. This creator of the L'Enfant Plaza Hotel designed a building whose glass windows kept falling off, his Hancock Tower. This main divided a trapezoidal plot into two triangles for his work on the National Gallery's [*] East Building. This man designed a cylindrical performance hall and overlapping pyramids for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. This architect was commissioned by Mitterrand to build a glass and steel object in front of a French museum. For 10 points, name this Chinese-American architect who designed the pyramid at the Louvre.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4358adce06624d7dab57e7cc2cd9c5a9",
            "input": "A toccata in D minor by this composer starts with the repetition of the note D, interchanged between the right and left hand. His second symphony consists of minor key first movement followed by a set of variations, which was based on the structure of Beethoven's last piano sonata. One suite by this composer consisted of portions such as \"March\" and \"The Prince and the Princess\" and was taken from his opera, The Love for Three Oranges. Many of his works were in praise of Stalin and the Soviet Union, including a series of mass songs featuring a Hail to Stalin, as well as Cantata for the 20th Anniversary of the October Revolution, and the score to the Sergei Eistenstein's propagandistic allegory, Alexander Nevsky. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Peter and the Wolf.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b0a10f11f094460a4d17f069f45bbcb",
            "input": "This ruler was protected by the Bond of Association, which authorized the execution of anyone who attempted to usurp the throne. That document was drawn up by William Cecil and the man who helped foil the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, Francis Walshingham. This ruler defeated the Earl of Tyrone's Irish revolt in the Nine Years War, and her forces defeated the Spanish Armada, which was attempting to restore Catholic rule to her country. For 10 points, name this \"Virgin Queen\" of England.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f7e37fc01e5f448fbaa13d6f1cd786b4",
            "input": "This country is home to the Mentawai Islands, as well as to a volcano which in 1815 had the largest\\n eruption of modern times and led to the \"Year Without a Summer.\" Major cities in this home of Mount\\n Tambora include Medan, Surabaya, and Bandung. The Kalimantan provinces of this country are bordered\\n by the Celebes Sea. This country controls both the Sunda and Madura straits. This country's Banda Aceh\\n region was the site of an earthquake on Boxing Day in 2004, which created a massive tsunami. For 10\\n points, name this most populous Muslim country, whose islands include Sumatra and Java.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2a8d916a126496eb73c5d9d446e2b65",
            "input": "This thinker's early work was focused on natural philosophy and includes a self-described unsuccessful attempt to mediate between Cartesian and Leibnizian theories of physical force as well four essays on earthquakes and winds. Besides writing, Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces, this philosopher asserts that the laws of nature and the laws of human conduct are compatible precisely because they are both products of human thought in his last work, The Conflict of the Faculties. His work on religion includes an essay ridiculing metaphysical theories as the fantasies of the Swedish Theosophist Emmanuel Swedenborg whom this author calls a \"Spirit Seer,\" and rejects both the ontological argument and the argument from design in The Only Possible Argument. For 10 points, name this philosopher who answered the question \"What is Enlightenment,\" and rejects the supposed right to lie due to philanthropic concerns in a supplement to his Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3aa3cc503c974932a725b35595d31fc8",
            "input": "Chaumpfery, one of the few critics to initially praise this painting, claims that the traces of wine in the red faces of some figures provide an uplifting tone. A man whose eyes are obscured by a black hat exchanges gazes with a child in a red skullcap in this work, whose alternate title calls it a \"Painting of Human Figures. \" One figure has a Black 'X' marked on his robe, while a nearby child carries a brass vessel. A white hat lies strewn on the ground, while a black and white dog turns its head to our right. A priest stands next to two men in red robes, as another man at kneels before the big hole in the center. FTP, identify this painting of a funeral at the artist's hometown, the first great masterpiece of Gustave Courbet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ebbb60a4553547eab061b4769d9ab079",
            "input": "Extant classes of this phylum of animals include Crinoidea and Stelleroidea. They have a simple nervous system consisting of nerve rings, a rudimentary circulatory system, and no brain, and movement is achieved using a rounded muscular sac called an ampulla. Unique in their posession of a water vascular system and tube feet, their spiny skin gives them their name, and many of them have pentaradial symmetry. FTP, name this phylum which includes sea cucumbers, sea urchins, and starfish.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-81df706bd2df46f58f3a89f69108f108",
            "input": "Minor characters in this work include Romola Martin and Adore Loomis, a neighborhood brat. The main character is described as man with a \"whole set of personalities, one inside the other like a nest of Chinese boxes. \" One character paints an apocalyptic scene containing the middle-class Midwestern immigrants who \"have come to California to die\" and hosts a cockfight in his garage, and the painter of \"The Burning of Los Angeles\" gets into a fight over who will dance with Fay Greener. Following Todd Hackett and Homer Simpson, it labels its Hollywood setting \"Caliphonia. \" For 10 points, name this novel by Nathanael West.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bcaa5a90211472bb2834ffac1f8b433",
            "input": "According to local legend, Jacob Waltz established the Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine near this state's\\n Superstition Mountains. Brigham Young's son John built Fort Moroni on this state's San Francisco Peak,\\n which includes its highest point, Humphreys Peak. This state's northern border straddles Monument\\n Valley, where John Ford filmed many of his movies. Its largest cities include Chandler and Scottsdale, and\\n it is home to the Big Horn Mountains and Sonoran Desert. The Colorado River forms this state's most\\n notable feature. For 10 points, name this home of the Grand Canyon.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9856f4e550eb4437920945841046c0e1",
            "input": "Aleksandr Benckendorff was charged with hunting them down, and many had been members of the Union of Salvation and the Union of Welfare. Five of them were officially executed including Pavel Pestel who organized the Southern Society and the poet Kondraty Ryelev who hoped that his Northern faction's refusal to support Nicholas I's ascension would spark an uprising that would leave Prince Trubestkoy as dictator. FTP identify this mostly upper-class group of Russian revolutionaries whose 1825 rebellion failed and who are named for the month in which their aborted operations took place.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2810af37b5564ed6a89ef84aae7c76c9",
            "input": "According to Maryanoff and Reitz, interconversion of reaction adducts in this reaction results in stereochemical drift. A triply eponymous alternative to this reaction uses the products of the Arbuzov reaction. This chemical reaction is used in the production of Vitamin A1 by BASF. In a similar reaction to this one, a beta-hydroxysilane undergoes an elimination; that reaction is named for Peterson. That previous alternative is named for Emmons, Wadsworth and Horner. Using a phenyl lithium deprotonating agent allows interconversion of erythreo to threo betaine in the Schlosser modification of this reaction. This reaction can preferentially produce Z-alkenes and its intermediate is an oxophosphetane. For 10 points, name this reaction in which aldehydes or ketones are reacted with a phosphonium ylide.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e1aa55a4e19427881aa6f54589c748c",
            "input": "At this play's conclusion a character known simply as \"The Officer\", a proxy for the nation's monarch, is used as a dues ex machina. In act Three, one character in this work is able to escape punishment, in spite of the informed eavesdropper Damis hiding under a table, by calling himself \"a guilty man\". That title character, who is arranged to be wed to Mariane, uses the trust in him placed by the head of household to take a strongbox of incriminating letters and leverage it in an attempt to seize Orgon's estate. For ten points, this is what play about a pseudo-religious hypocrite, one of the best know plays of Moliere",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7f9abbc1c42d42cc905de7826ec6a9c4",
            "input": "One battle in this war saw the Earl of Pembroke fail to stand his ground while waiting for reinforcements under the command of the Earl of Devon. That engagement, the Battle of Edgecote Moor, was a resounding victory for Richard Neville, the Earl of Warwick, who was known as the \"\"kingmaker. \"\" That battle occurred several years after Warwick had helped Edward IV secure power, partially due to Edward's victory at Towton. Concluding with the Battle of Bosworth Field, this is, for 10 points, what war that pitted the houses of York and Lancaster against each other and is named for a flower",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ce95fff4f1d4a08a66258b7aef6cae9",
            "input": "The Treaty of Versailles barred any final settlement with Germany until this artwork was returned. Two statues of different saints named John are shown in grisaille at the bottom of it, while the Desis at the top shows a Last Judgment scene. Large nudes of Adam and Eve are prominent on the inside, while it shows the Annunciation when closed. Commissioned by Joos Vijd for what is now the Cathedral of St. Bavo, a poem on its frame credits this work to \"Hubert,\" a brother of its more traditionally ascribed painter. FTP, name this Northern Renaissance masterpiece found in a Flemish cathedral and created by Jan van Eyck.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e4a14f7ec11a455db9338386a5286b6a",
            "input": "One sect of this religion derives its teachings from the Saheb-e-Dilan, who are believed to reside near Mount Damavand. The Ahuna Vairya is a sacred hymn of this religion that should be recited upon entering a house, according to the Denkard. Members of this religion are initiated through the navjote ceremony, after which they must wear the Sedreh and Kushti. This religion's Book of Arda Viraf describes the journey of Viraf, who is guided through the afterlife by the angel (*) Adar after crossing the Chinvat bridge. An important text of this religion is the Qissa-i Sanjan, which ends with refugees settling in Gujarat and establishing a Fire Temple. This religion's teachings describe the conflict between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu, and its primary sacred texts are collected in the Avesta. For 10 points, name this Persian religion founded by a namesake prophet.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e0278ab4cc084a78a5074099d3664add",
            "input": "This event occurred primarily in the Sichuan region; about 50 years later, the related Nien arose in Shandong. The funds intended for the suppression of this rebellion were embezzled by Ho-shen, and soon after his removal, the prosecution began in earnest. The organization behind this insurgency originated in the 1200's, and to motivate the populace, they promised the return of the Maitreya Buddha at the conclusion of their rebellion, which began to be crushed around 1799. For 10 points, identify this rebellion against the Qing dynasty, ended in 1804, which was symbolized by the flower used as a symbol by its backing religious sect.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a7829e34d8c641a2b67edcd332dd9fe6",
            "input": "In this novel, the protagonist commits crimes with Jack Duane and works for the corrupt Mike Scully. Later, he goes to jail after attacking Phil Connor, who had slept with his wife Ona. The end of this novel focuses on a socialist rally whose speaker chants, \"\"Chicago will be ours! \"\" The protagonist of this novel is a Lithuanian immigrant named Jurgis Rudkus. And the outcry from this novel was largely responsible for the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act. For 10 points, name this Upton Sinclair novel known for its graphic depictions of Chicago slaughterhouses.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4946407dce7f4bc887b0b6baec2befb8",
            "input": "The Wigner D-matrix satisfies a number of differential properties if space-fixed operators of this quantity are introduced and the summation of this quantity can be governed by using Clebsch-Gordon coefficients. In quantum mechanics, the spherical harmonics are eigenfunctions of this quantity and they obey a commutation relation equal to I times h-bar times this quantity in the mutually (*) orthogonal direction. The time derivative of this quantity is equal to torque and its conservation is demonstrated in Kepler's Second Law. Planck's constant has the dimensions of, FTP, what conserved quantity symbolized L and defined as the cross product of a position vector and linear momentum.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21c67b07894844128db9000a2f6d4969",
            "input": "This work claims that \"Self-commentary, self-ridicule, and self-admonition are logically condemned to eternal penultimacy,\" in the section titled, \"The Systematic Elusiveness of the I'. \" In Daniel Dennett's introduction, he describes zombie banks that people believe have created a substance called anti-cash, which like anti-matter destroys cash to maintain balance sheets, as an analogy to this work's central target described in, \"The Absurdity of the Official Position. \" Someone watching the march of a division, being provided a University tour, or watching a game of cricket to understand team-spirit are all examples that this work uses to illustrate a principle concept. The author uses the example of the \"Hamlet of the ring\" in order to show how the boxer is appraised in the light of his performance, that is, in the delivery of blows, and not in the eloquent rejection of propositions about blows, in, \"Knowing How and Knowing That. \" Written by the author of Dilemmas and Plato's Progress, for 10 points, name this 1949 work of philosophy, which described the \"the dogma of the Ghost in the Machine,\" and the \"category mistake,\" in regard to Cartesian dualism by Gilbert Ryle.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aa61cdebbadf42029ff81f54d98131f8",
            "input": "This quantity remains constant in a Joule-Thomson process. The van't Hoff equation relates the derivative of the natural log of the equilibrium constant to the change in this quantity, and Gibbs free energy equals this quantity minus the product of temperature and entropy. The change in this quantity can be found by subtracting the (*) heats of formation of the reactants from those of the products, since the change is independent of the reaction path according to Hess's Law. For ten points, identify this thermodynamic quantity, equal to internal energy plus pressure times volume, and symbolized H.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4c5c346e55fc4567b21783b84cdac991",
            "input": "artist gave his doctor a roundel in which a haloed Mary leans into a railing while holding an infant Christ. He sculpted putti blowing horns and celebrating around a severed head in the bas relief of the pedestal of his sculpture Judith and Holofernes. This artist of the \"Chellini Madonna\" has another of his sculptures housed inside a niche made by Perfetto di Giovanni and Albizzo di Pietro; that sculpture of (*) St. Mark was initially rejected by a linen guild and rests outside the Orsanmichele. He brought back the genre of life-size equestrians with his depiction of Erasmo of Narni titled Gattamelata, and he sculpted another man holding a sword and standing on Goliath's head. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance sculptor known for his bronze effeminate David.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c5c43debd9c4449974772c6f051abaa",
            "input": "During this war, Lord Raglan defeated Menshikov at the battles of Inkerman and Alma. The Black Sea fleet won the naval battle at Sinope during this conflict. Gorchkov, one of this war's commanders, invaded the Danubian provinces of Moldavia and Wallachia. Military medical care became more sanitary during this war under the direction of Florence Nightingale. The Battle of Balaclava and the Siege of Sebastopol took place during this war. For 10 points, name this war fought between the Russians and the Allied French and British over religious territory in the Ottoman empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b129767c425142abb7b563fd6ad9c335",
            "input": "He claimed that technology could not improve man's barbarism, calling the technology centers, the cities, the \"deserts of souls. \"  His only financial success was Austrians and Turks in Hungary: The Life  of Carafa, but his first major work was \"On the Method of Studies of Our Time. \"  Shortly thereafter he condensed his theories into the text Universal Law, which was reworked and reprinted in 1725 as Scienza Nuova. FTP, name this man who divided history cyclically into an age of the gods, an age of heroes, and one of men - an Italian philosopher of the early Enlightenment.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2702e650b0a14797a7ff83ef170e42b5",
            "input": "Its tenth ruler ordered that solar temples and houses for acllas be built in Tumi Pampa, Hatun Colla, and Charcas. Originating in the village of Pagari-tampu, it extended its influence under Yupanqui, and the earliest date that can be assigned to its timeline is 1438, when Pachacuti Yupanqui usurped the throne from his brother Urcon. Under its eighth ruler, Viracocha, it first instituted its policy of establishing permanent garrisons among the conquered, which included such peoples as the Chacanas, the Chimu, and the Quechua. The death of Huayna Capac resulted in civil war between Huascar and his brother, and this empire collapsed when its last emperor was captured at Cajamarca. FTP, name this South American empire whose last ruler was Atahualpa and which was destroyed by Francisco Pizarro.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a67beaf10bb349ecbc7e69b7cda3a42f",
            "input": "One movement of this work depicts a scene from the ballet Trilby and is followed by a depiction of a conversation between Two Jews: Rich and Poor. In one movement in this work, the alto saxophone is played above a continuous bass, evoking a troubadours song in front of The Old Castle. 16th note tremolos are found in its ninth movement, inspired by a drawing of a large clock in the shape of Baba Yagas Hut on Fowls Legs. Orchestrated by Ravel, this piece ends with a two-part rondo depicting The Great Gate of Kiev. For 10 points, name this piano work originally composed by Modest Mussorgsky, a setting of various Viktor Hartmann artworks.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62c253fba09c41759f0e0605ddbdc87f",
            "input": "This deity descended upon Tollan with spider webs and hurled a blast of such cold wind that the townspeople were advised to go to Anahuac. Disguising himself as Toueyo, he stood naked outside the king of Tollan's, Uemac's, palace pretending to sell peppers in order to sleep with the king's daughter, and he also defeated his brother in the ball court by pouncing on him as a jaguar and chasing him around town. He once also seduced the wife of the god Xochipilli, the goddess of flowers Xochiquetzal, and he was honored at the festival of the Teotleco. Usually depicted carrying an atlatl and a mirror-shield that gave off smoke and killed his enemies, for ten points, name this Mesoamerican deity, the brother of Quetzalcoatl",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ac14e7f3e844800ac579d5e5b67aa7e",
            "input": "One of this mans essays claims the field he was a professor in had the task of disappearance, while another essay considers the leafy nature of leaves. We Philologists and On Truth and Lies in a Non-Moral Sense were both published posthumously, along with a collection of notes compiled by this mans sister following this philosophers mental breakdown. Another question asked by this thinker is Why am I so smart in his Ecce Homo. Famous for the doctrine of eternal recurrence and the Apollonian/Dionysian split, as well as the concept of an Ubermensch, for ten points, identify this philosopher, author of The Anti-Christ and Beyond Good and Evil.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca7c112c00bd412b932d8424bd8885ec",
            "input": "His apprenticeship featured plein-air works such as Morning, while History shows an older man and a young boy sitting under the shade of an oak tree. The Day After depicts a woman sleeping next to abandoned liquor bottles, while his Madonna offers herself to the viewer as she stands next to an embryo. His self portraits include one \"between a clock and a bed\" and one \"in hell. \" It was in Berlin that he began a 22 painting cycle that he would title The Frieze of Life, as well as complete his most celebrated pictures including Puberty and Vampire. His most famous work depicts an orange and red sky in the background as a bald man on a bridge holds his head and emits the titular shout. FTP, name this Norwegian artist of The Scream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bfa62d46fbb649a7af1686fee08438fe",
            "input": "This figure claimed that God was the inspiration for all human knowledge in his book On the Trinity. This man fought against a group of heretics who condemned sexual immorality but claimed sexual urges were natural and God-given. One book by this man asserts that we must reject pacifism in the face of grave harm and introduces a \"just war\" as an appropriate response. That book by this man contrasts the worldly society of (*) pagans with the title place. This strident anti-Pelagian was commanded by a child's voice to \"take and read\", which led him to fully embrace the teachings of Ambrose of Milan. This author of City of God described how his mother, Monica, urged him to abandon Manichaeism in an autobiography that details his conversion to Christianity. For 10 points, name this North African Church Doctor who wrote Confessions.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-615efc4f1bfd48ffadafa52555da34e3",
            "input": "In a Fermi fluid, this property is equivalent to Fermi energy at absolute zero, while it is identically zero for a conservative system of phonons. Diffusion may be understood as the action of its gradient, which is known as the chemical force. For each component of a system, it is defined as partial derivative of the system's free energy with respect to that component's particle number, so the equilibrium condition is that its sum over all components vanishes. FTP, name this energetic thermodynamic quantity, symbolized  and useful for deriving the law of mass action.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9e74965636546f59a8384f24af840b4",
            "input": "On a lower shelf is a book of arithmetic, two Lutheran hymn books, and a lute with a broken string which some believe signifies religious strife in the painter's homeland. Symbolizing mortality, what appears to be a distorted skull protrudes into the foreground. Leaning on the upper shelf, next to some cartographical instruments and maps are George de Selve, Bishop of Lavaur and Jean de Dinteville two French men who are, FTP, what envoys to the Pope and England respectively, the title of a work by Hans Holbein the Younger",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07aed9db7a0e473a819734d7eed90395",
            "input": "One of this authors stories consists of a womans letter to her abusive husband relating a dream about the titular blemish on her back. One of his novels finds a man recalling his life as he sleeps next to six titular virgins, and in another novel a young war veteran beats up his mistress in an attempt to force an abortion. Uragami reports on a match between Shusai and Otake in The Master of Go, but better-known is a novel about an affair between the businessman Shimamura and the geisha Komako at a hot springs in western Japan, Snow Country. FTP name this author, also known for a work centering around the tea ceremony, A Thousand Cranes.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e36c82adc9894f179f996b02f2bc249b",
            "input": "One character in this work sings the aria Parmi veder la lagrime after learning about the abduction of a character whom he met earlier when disguised as Gualtier Mald. That character is the subject of the aria Caro Nome and at the beginning of this work he sings Quaesta o Quella when he attempts to seduce Countess Ceprano. Based on Victor Hugos play Le Roi samuse, the title character is cursed by Monterone for aiding the Duke of Mantua in his flings and unwittingly aids in the abduction of his daughter Gilda, who is killed by the assassin Sparafucile. Featuring the aria La donna  mobile, for 10 points, identify this Giuseppe Verdi opera about a hunchbacked court jester.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d2b3b0017a9409ebd3a54dc87228776",
            "input": "This politys intervention in Korea resulted in a victory at the Battle of Baekgang, propping up the Silla kingdom. Its second ruler consolidated its power by defeating Dou Jiande at the Battle of Hulao, purged his relatives at the Xuanwu Gate incident, and conquered the Eastern Tujue tribe with the help of his advisor Li Jing. Apart from Taizong, its early rulers included the founder, Emperor Gaozu, and it was the first dynasty to open the Imperial Examination to all male citizens. Difficulties faced by it included the Anshi rebellion, led by a Sogdian Turk named An Lushan, as well as a defeat at the Battle of the Talas River at the hands of the Abbasid Caliphate. Founded by a Central Asian governor, name this Chinese dynasty that followed the Sui and preceded the Song.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-14ed8a551c304bba90c6206f5d603e45",
            "input": "He wrote an opera in which the title character is forced to marry Almuzir, though she loves Abenamet, and another opera by this composer contains characters named Jafet, Sem, and No, and is based on the Biblical story of Noah. This composer of Zoraida di Granata and The Great Flood wrote another opera in which Doctor Malatesta is the physician of the title elderly bachelor, Don Pasquale. His Larghetto for Piano in A Minor is based on the aria \"Una furtiva lagrima\". that was originally sung by Nemorino in the second act of one this man's more well known operas. That opera focuses on an object sold to Nemorino by Dr. Dulcamara to make Adina fall in love with him, while another well known work by this composer sees Sir Edgardo di Ravenswood kill himself after discovering that the sister of Lord Enrico Ashton has died. For 10 pointsname this composer of The Elixir of Love and Lucia di Lamermoor.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fe994390702147bfa0ea99a03e109e7d",
            "input": "The Chehel Sotun was erected under the auspices of this dynasty. It weakened under the reign of Shah Tahmasp, and its troops were organized into ghulams, tofangchis, and topchis under the military reforms of the Englishman Robert Sherley. Before it lost the important Diyarbakir site, this dynasty's greatest leader expelled Portuguese traders from their most popular port, and its capital fell to Ghizlzai Afghans in 1722. Its founder captured Tabriz from the White Sheep federation of Uzbek Turkmen, and this dynasty was eventually supplanted by Nader Shah. Its capital was moved to Esfahan in the early 17th century, and it was founded by Isma'il I and reached its peak under Abbas I. Lasting from 1502 to 1736, for 10 points, name this dynasty that established Shi'a Islam as the state religion, and which was based in Iran. \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3350c5ad733a4e0399d00da8aefb26a4",
            "input": "Deficiency of this substance can sometimes result from Hartnup's Disease and Carcinoid syndrome, the latter of which occurs because tumors cause tryptophan to be used to create serotonin rather than this vitamin. Children at risk of Type-I diabetes are injected with its derivative to protect beta cells from decay, while its non-derived form has been used to reduce LDL levels. A more typical deficiency of this vitamin comes from diets reliant primarily on maize, an affliction known as pellagra, and its derivative is primarily used in the body to form coenzymes NADP and NAD. For 10 points, name this substance also known as Vitamin B3.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-14c43f00d68f4d029feb09d457081674",
            "input": "This effect can be witnessed in a rotational microwave spectrometer, in which one looks for signal low J line transitions. Its discovery was the result of the first application of perturbation theory to quantum mechanics. This effect, generally not symmetric like its magnetic counterpart, occurs when an atom becomes polarized and the resulting dipole moment interacts with the electric field. Analogous to the Zeeman effect, FTP, identify this effect that results in the splitting of an atom's energy levels by an electric field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f8b1e0cb3954558ba013a1ee2af834a",
            "input": "Made up in part by parenchyma grouped into star-shaped arrangements, its action is explained by the evaporation-cohesion-tension model, in which transpiration from the shoot and negative potential of dry air lead to pressure in the (*) ascending sap. Consisting of spindle-shaped tracheids in gymnosperms and the larger oblique vessel elements in angiosperms, for 10 points name this plant tissue that conducts water to leaves.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d2648c9c7f744f49ca6d0ea0aaaee47",
            "input": "An important moment in this nation's history was the June 16 1960 \"Mueda Massacre. \"  Ruled by Maoist leader Samora Machel for much of the 1970s and 1980s, in 1992 the U.N. helped end a prolonged Civil War between the resistance movement Renamo and the leading party. Its current president, Joaquim Chissano, is a member of that party, Frelimo, which earlier had led its fight for independence from Portugal. FTP, identify this African nation containing the Zambezi delta which is separated from Madagascar by its namesake channel and has its capital at Maputo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-261702d578184ff3bc2a31f44294162c",
            "input": "His lost works include On the Calendar, On Sphere Making, and Catoptrica, a book on optics. His extant works include Quadrature of the Parabola, which gives a formula for calculating the area of parabola segments; The Sand-Reckoner, which includes a system for expressing really big numbers; and On Spirals, which features the spiral now named for him. FTP, identify this Greek mathematician, whose other works include The Method, On Floating Bodies, and Measurement of the Circle, which gave pi its first exact value, who was killed in 212 B.C. during the capture of Syracuse when he was drawing a figure in the sand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e284f804e94a4ddba5d30e54606f4b23",
            "input": "This man painted a satyr hanging from a tree with his panpipes, while in another of his works, cherubs sit atop a black cloud while Saint Peter sits below next to the Virgin Mary. This artist of The Flaying of Marsyas and The Pesaro Madonna painted (*) cheetahs drawing Bacchus's chariot as he leaps out to protect Ariadne. This artist painted Cupid reaching into a sarcophagus while a bride in white sits opposite Venus in his Sacred and Profane Love. His most famous work shows a dog sleeping on a white sheet beside the title goddess. For 10 points, what Renaissance artist depicted Venus lying on her side in Venus of Urbino",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea3a40c2262941159151437139d03de0",
            "input": "This man got William Chaloner arrested for counterfeiting while he served as Master of the Royal Mint. Samuel Clarke supported this man, who succeeded Isaac Barrow as the second Lucasian Chair. He wrote the manuscript De motu to William Halley. This man introduced a dot over a variable to represent its derivative. Alexander Pope wrote, \"God said 'Let [this man] be, and all was light.\" In a letter to Robert Hooke, this man mentioned that he had \"seen further\" by \"standing on the shoulders of giants.\" He used a prism to separate a beam of light, as detailed in his tract Opticks. For 10 points, name this man who theorized universal gravitation, though an apple had nothing to do with it.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c77c1bbfc6ed426da0ec73ca429bcdf3",
            "input": "In his second term in this politicians highest office, he proposed a transcontinental railroad, which his opponents considered unrealistic and which later became the CP Railway. In addition to squashing a Northwestern rebellion, he bought Ruperts Land from the Hudsons Bay Company. This man formed a group specifically to prevent another Riel rebellion, which later became the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The Pacific Scandal of 1873 regarding the Canadian Pacific Railway led to the resignation of this politician. For ten points, name this Prime Minister who also added British Columbia, PEI, Manitoba, and the Northwest Territories under his tenure as the first Prime Minister of Canada.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c75125475f7a46ce87897a0b777b46a7",
            "input": "The first molecules found to exhibit it were discovered in coal tar in the 1860s, and it is prevented by heavy angle or steric strain. Despite the conjugation of their bonds, linear alkenes do not have this quality because they are not cyclic, and other criteria for it include planarity. 10-annulene has extraordinary stability due to it, although benzene may be the best-known compound displaying it. FTP, name this resonance-derived lack of reactivity in many hydrocarbons, named for the odor arising from the first of said hydrocarbons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a92b0ff81ec45cd85db2545c973dcba",
            "input": "A key development of its early history was the discovery of an optical illusion in which two still images, flashed at an appropriate interval, would appear to a viewer to be in motion. This phi phenomenon was one of the first discoveries that led this school's founders to oppose previous atomistic views of perception. Its proponents' later work led to the formulation of several laws of organization that noted that humans tend to group items by proximity and similarity, fill in gaps in incomplete figures, and perceive multiple items in as simple a way as possible. Founded by Wertheimer, Kohler and Koffka, FTP, name this school of psychology characterized by emphasis on the whole rather the sum of parts.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-12742984d0e54df08c74c7f9d853ab59",
            "input": "The first chapter of this book opens with two epigraphs which purport to be \"for\" and \"against\" the title concept, and after a brief consideration of the \"myth of destiny\" the author moves on to a chapter about Heraclitus. The book then deals with the \"descriptive sociology\" and the \"political program\" of a major thinker before treating the \"background\" of that thinker's \"attack\" in a chapter which shares the book's title and considers the \"breakdown of tribalism\" and the Peloponesian War. The second volume of this work is entitled \"The High Tide of Prophecy\" and deals with Marx and Hegel, while the first considers \"The Spell of Plato. \"  FTP, name this work which suggests that the aforementioned philosophers were proto-fascists, which was written by Karl Popper.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1ea5102e3fe344d680e448351cf20324",
            "input": "In one novel by this author, Robert Cohn and Jake Barnes both pursue Lady Brett Ashley as they travel through Spain. In another novel by this author, Catherine loves an American soldier fighting in World War I, Frederic Henry. In one of this man's novellas, (*) Santiago goes eighty-four days without catching a fish. For 10 points, name this author of The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, and The Old Man and the Sea.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1e1a06d761242e1a5c3ff63b89f9af6",
            "input": "This work discusses a stone falling on a man's head, which its author argues should not be explained by the will of God, which is a \"sanctuary of ignorance. \" Its third section defines emotions as ideas that cause the mind to act and suffer, and which increase, diminish, help, or hinder the mind's faculties, and it contrasts necessary laws, or \"infinite modes\", with non-universal \"finite modes\". This work defines God as consisting of \"infinite attributes, each of which expresses eternal and infinite essence\". Presented in a Euclid-imitating \"geometrical order,\" it contains the section \"Of Human Bondage. \" For 10 points, name this book that, like the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, was written by Baruch Spinoza.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62230f0b27c548c58f25caf9776968a3",
            "input": "The Young-Dupr equation relates this property to the contact angle. The ratio of buoyant forces to forces generated by this property is the dynamic Bond number. The Marangoni number is directly proportional to the variation in this property during Marangoni convection, which is induced by this property. For certain objects, it is equal to the change in (*) pressure times the radius of the object divided by two via Laplace's Law. Defined as the free energy per unit of surface area, for 10 points, name this tendency for like molecules at an interface to cohere, a property that can be reduced with the use of surfactants.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a036aa7d5e0148018075d61e0e9011e5",
            "input": "One event in this city earned Gail Halverson the nickname \"\"Candy Bomber\"\" and was nicknamed \"\"Operation Vittles. \"\" One construction in this city was started on August 13th by the orders of Walter Ulbricht. The building of that structure in this city was supervised by Erich Honecker, the future leader of a government in this city. This city was blockaded by the Soviets from 1948 to 1949, which led to its requiring an airlift of supplies. For 10 points, name this city that was the capital of East Germany and was divided by a wall until 1989.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-88eb63e3996948009e3548a5204eee26",
            "input": "This man is the subject of the second historical novel by R. R. R. Dhlomo. He is referred to as an Ancient Spirit whose children will make the earth free for the Palm Race in an epic poem by Kunene, and defeats the King of the Pool in a novel where he kills Noliwa on the urging of Isanusi. H. R. Haggard's novel Nada the Lily focuses on this man's illegitimate son Umslopogaas the Axe. He patronized the court poet Magolwane, and the izibongo of this man describes him \"devouring\" his enemies, such as Zwide. In a Thomas Mofolo novel, this man joins forces with Dingiswayo before crushing his enemies during the mfecane and being stabbed to death by Dingane. FTP, name this Zulu leader.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4974731ca1464631924a9e6c857645a8",
            "input": "This country was the location of the Ogaden War, which occurred during the time when Colonel Mengistu led this country as the head of a committee called the Derg. Many of its forces in the nineteenth century were organized by Ras Gobena, an ally of its emperor (*) Menelik II. It fought a series of wars against Italy that included the Battle of Adowa. For many years during the twentieth century this country was ruled by Haile Selassie. For 10 points, name this African nation, sometimes called Abyssinia, with capital Addis Ababa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-16910ab5ac524de4a57e80c0ded149bd",
            "input": "One historian of this period argues that we must ask the question \"why not\" rather than \"why\" in seeking to understand it, citing the role of \"uncontrollable forces\" in it. That man, Paul Schroeder, has analogized this period to a \"Galloping Gertie\". Arno Mayer cites the rise of radical groups in characterizing this period as \"counterrevolutionary\" and arguing for \"The Primacy of Domestic\", rather than international, \"politics\". This period is characterized as the beginning of the \"Age of Catastrophe\" in The Age of Extremes; in that work Eric Hobsbawm argues that the beginning of this period was also the beginning of the > \"Short Twentieth Century\". Factors traditionally cited as contributing to the beginning of this conflict include rigid war plans, militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. For 10 points, identify this conflict, which was sparked by Gavrilo Princip's assassination of Franz Ferdinand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d5e114bce2049468befae4014d18640",
            "input": "In one story by this author, a peasant stoops to pick up a bit of string, causing his fellow townsmen to accuse him of stealing a purse. He created a title character who sleeps with a Prussian officer so a traveling party can leave Totes. In another of his stories, Monsieur Loisel uses the money he had been saving for a rifle to buy his wife a dress, after which she borrows the title object from Madame Forestier. In that story, the protagonist borrows a piece of jewelry that is made out of paste. For 10 points, name this French author who wrote \"The Ball of Fat\" and \"The Necklace. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f1b717db07347139ff7135999c00744",
            "input": "The Qaraqum canals inefficiency has caused partially recession of this body, whose surrounding hands were once home to Khwarezm. Once home to more than 1000 islands, this Sea of Islands consists of three separate bodies water, including a Greater and Lesser one. On its eastern edge lies the Ustyurt Plateau, while its southern shore holds the Amu Darya delta. Once the fourth largest inland lake, the diversion of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya into Soviet irrigation and hydroelectric power projects have caused its waters to recede, leaving a large desert in its wake. FTP, name this Eurasian saltwater lake shared by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-61a67ff0f807490ea6417a6d55239807",
            "input": "One work by this thinker discusses certain culinary practices during the Lent holidays and on Fridays in his Concerning the Eating of Fish. In one of this author's works, he personifies Peace as a means of describing her benefits. Prior to his The Complaint of Peace, he argued against the idea of just war on the basis that a sufficiently motivated ruler will find any pretext to rationalize the cause. At the same time, this man wrote of the danger of a monarch embarking on such a campaign, stating \"a prince cannot revenge himself on his enemy without first opening hostilities without first opening hostilities against his own people\" in his (*) Institutio principis Christiani. This man continued to support Plato's idea of a philosopher-king in the Enchiridion, in which this man espoused a dualistic relationship between the soul and the physical body. A pacifist who saw war as a disruption of reason, FTP, name this philosopher who argued against Luther in his A Discussion of Free Will, who also published the Humanist tract In Praise of Folly.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f83d7f84a4054dbeb825a5158a93fe6b",
            "input": "theorem named after this man states that an infinite series which converges only because it contains both positive and negative numbers can have its terms rearranged so that it sums to any given value. Another theorem named after this man concerns the placement of areas in the complex plane onto unit disks, and is known as his mapping theorem. He gave a famous lecture on geometry in order to earn a position in which he introduced his namesake (*) manifold. More famously, he studied a function which is the infinite sum of n to the negative s, where s can be any complex value, and hypothesized that the nontrivial zeros of that function all have real part one half. For 10 points, name this mathematician who gives his name to a method to approximating an integral using a sum of rectangles and a zeta function.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef1d62438c3a4c948ed5ba34bcc8055c",
            "input": "This man's conception occurred as a result of the \"fun of the roads\", a form of coitus interruptus gone wrong. He made use of the medical skills of Francis Fynn, and one source for his reign comes from Nathaniel Isaacs, who had been dispatched to search for shipwrecked men. The winner of a battle at Mome Gorge, he sheltered refugees from the Khumalo kingdom and fought numerous conflicts with Zwide, including the Battle of Gqokli Hill. He used his mother Nandi's death as the pretext for a political massacre, and started his career among the Mtethwa confederation. He started a movement called the Mfecane, or \"crushing\", which provided a model for the neighboring Ndelebe and Sotho peoples. The successor to Dingiswayo, his successor Dingane was crushed by the Voortrekkers at Blood River. For 10 points, name this ruler who pioneered the 'bull horns' and impi tactics and established the Zulu Empire.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4b06ceac873464da7cac0f348b9c7c0",
            "input": "Its notable flat plains are dotted with irregular dark areas surrounded bright halos of material. Originally discovered by William Lassell, its thin (*) atmosphere of nitrogen and methane was discovered during a close passage by Voyager II, and its unique landscape is thought to be caused by icy volcanism. For 10 points identify this icy moon, possibly the coldest object in the solar system. and the largest known moon of Neptune.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-691eb4272afa482aae27c5b729221a75",
            "input": "This man proposed the mechanism of the epigenetic principle, and his work partially springs from his observations of the Yurok tribe. Before collecting his speeches in the compilation Insight and Responsibility, this thinker collaborated with Kivnick on an examination of Vitality in Old Age. One of this man's books describes the process through which the concept of satyagraha emerges, while another book examined \"The meaning of meaning it\" and described its subject's \"fit in the choir. \" The author of Ghandi's Truth, this person set forth contrasts like integrity and despair, autonomy and shame, and industry versus inferiority. For 10 points, identify this author of Young Man Luther and Childhood and Society, the psychologist who developed the identity crisis and eight psychosocial stages of development. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a98a6c0b796482f955fa459c92a89ca",
            "input": "Solmundae Halmang offered to create one of these in exchange for some underwear. Elsewhere in Korean mythology, Chumong is held to have conjured one of these with an arrow. Good deeds may be exchanged for a white horse near one of these that touches the Hauzu'l-Kausar and Jehennam, the Sirat al-Mustaqim of Islam. One of these guarded by the husband of Uzume can be reached from Mount Takachihi. Horatius Cocles held one of these against Etruscans as it was demolished. Perhaps the best-known example of these objects from mythology is also known as Asbru and is guarded by Heimdall. FTP, name these objects, the Norse \"rainbow\" variety of which is known as Bifrost.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-679d16dd418f4b6690221fda6325534d",
            "input": "In his Inaugural Address, this President recommended extending the term length to six years and forbidding re-election. A section of the Chaco was named after this President after he arbitrated a territorial dispute between Argentina and Paraguay in Paraguay's favor. When informed of his running mate, he allegedly quipped, \"\"Who is Wheeler\"\" This man's wife established the Easter egg roll on the White House lawn and was known as \"\"Lemonade Lucy\"\" for her refusal to serve alcohol at White House Parties. He was known as (*) \"\"His Fraudulency\"\" after a party-line vote of an Electoral Commission gave him a victory over Samuel Tilden. For 10 points, name this nineteenth President of the United States who ended Reconstruction.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5427e929215f4a938824bcd66fdcf050",
            "input": "A contemporaneous parody of this poem, titled \"The Counter-Jumper,\" was published in Vanity Fair. Paul Ebenkamp and Robert Hass included a lexicon of every word that appears in this poem in a 2010 anthology that they co-edited. In this poem, the \"ambulanza slowly passing trailing its red drip\" arrives at the site of a \"fan-shaped explosion.\" The speaker of this poem says \"Continue your annotations, continue your questionings\" to conclude a section in which requests a breather by yelling (*) \"Enough! Enough! Enough!\" This poem's speaker says, \"you splash in the water there, yet stay stock still in your room,\" to a woman who joins several men and becomes the \"twenty-ninth bather.\" The speaker of this poem realizes that \"now it seems to me the beautiful uncut hair of graves\" in pondering a child's inquiry \"What is the grass\" This poem's speaker asks \"Do I contradict myself,\" admits \"Very well then I contradict myself,\" and explains \"(I am large, I contain multitudes.)\" For 10 points, name this long poem that begins \"I celebrate myself, and sing myself,\" and takes up most of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-659b7fba92b742e2a5c19fe3d62566de",
            "input": "Isaac II Angelus made a pact to impede the progress of one member of this campaign, who would later sack Iconium, the capital of the Sultanate of Rum. After this campaign, Leopold V of Austria captured one of its leaders for taking down Leopold's standards following the Siege of Acre. This campaign began after Raynald of Chatillon's defeat at the Horns of Hattin. One leader of this campaign won the battle of Arsuf, but ultimately organized a peace that left Jerusalem under the control of Saladin. Frederick Barbarossa drowned during, FTP, what crusade led by Philip II and Richard the Lion-Hearted",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd73bcf26fc14d21968c72bb9aa4b42b",
            "input": "One notable ambassador to this dynasty was Kibi no Makibi, and this dynasty was founded partly by the chancellor Li Shimin. It was ended by a rebellion lead by Huang Cho, and was weakened by the rise of military governors known as jiedushi. One ruler of this dynasty required visitors to perform oral sex on her as a sign of respect, and briefly interrupted this dynasty with the Second Zhou. That ruler, Empress Wu, was usurped by Zuanzhong. This dynasty saw the rise of the civil service exam system, as well as the rebellion of a Sogdian Turk, An Lushan. With its capital at Changan, FTP, name this Chinese dynasty that preceded the 5 dynasties and 10 kingdoms period and lasted from 618 to 907 AD.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53843230c13b439da331333eefc074ef",
            "input": "Many of this mans final poems were destroyed but reconstructed by his editor, James Laughlin. He described how the edge of a petal of an \"obsolete\" flower \"cuts without cutting\" in \"The Rose and declared that \"the pure products of America go crazy\" in \"To Elsie\", both of which appeared a collection whose title poem opens \"By the road to the contagious hospital\". In another poem, this author of (*) Spring and All apologizes for eating some \"delicious\" items \"which you were probably saving for breakfast\". His Imagist poems included one about an object \"glazed with rain water beside the white chickens\". For 10 points, name this poet of the epic Paterson, as well as \"This is Just to Say\" and \"The Red Wheelbarrow\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-11cc4bd1b20f48e7801daa569a0c0398",
            "input": "One of this religion's texts follows the seeker through places named for Search, Knowledge, and Wonderment, before arriving in the \"Valley of True Poverty and Absolute Nothingness. \" Along with The Gems of Divine Mysteries, that work, The Seven Valleys, was written by this religion's founder. After the death of this religion's Guardian, its Hands of the Cause announced the election of its ruling body, the Universal House of Justice. Haifa is the site of the tomb of one of its holy men, the Bb. Its texts include the Most Holy Book and the Book of Certitude. For 10 points, name this religion, an offshoot of Shi'a Islam that venerates all major prophets and the Bah'u'llh.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4b692d0046f342e2ab2e16d662ad7377",
            "input": "He fought at South Mountain, Antietam, and Cedar Creek, and was breveted a major in 1865, only four years before he was elected prosecuting attorney of Stark County. Elected to Congress in 1876, he was an advocate of high tariffs, and the tariff bill he sponsored in 1890 led to his defeat that year, after which he became governor of his state. FTP, name this Republican, who served two terms as governor of Ohio before becoming the 25th President, who twice defeated Bryan before being assassinated in 1901.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93af2b0411b947188278a682634cf7c0",
            "input": "The colonial history of this nation includes a time when it was dominated by the \"Hundred Associates,\" and a longstanding dispute in this nation was partially resolved through the recent Clarity Act. William Vander Zalm was elected to a leadership role in one part of this country under the banner of the Social Credit movement. One leader of this nation was intermittently opposed by George Brown and was involved in the Pacific Scandal. Another leader of this nation took advantage of the War Measures Act to proclaim a state of \"apprehended insurrection,\" in one part of this country, a response to a series of events known as the October Crisis. This nation held a constitutional convention in 1987 which culminated in the Meech Lake Accords, and its leaders have included Brian Mulroney and Pierre Trudeau. For ten points, identify this country currently led by Steven Harper.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9d8fb2773374ad8b43e3f17c867f965",
            "input": "This person was attacked in a \"Letter... to a Friend,\" in which Giovanni Caroli questioned his claims. The Piagnoni formed to preserve the memory of this thinker, who wrote Infelix ego, a meditation on Pslam 51, shortly before his death. His Compendium of Revelations contains his dichotomy of prophecies and images of a black cross above Rome and a gold cross above Jerusalem. He supported the invasion of Florence by Charles VIII, but was excommunicated for defying Pope Alexander VI. FTP, name this Dominican friar and reformer, who led the 1497 \"Bonfire of the Vanities. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08e3261436ac444d87861f50a0cd5e8d",
            "input": "This person wrote \"Nobody can advise you and help you. Go into yourself. confess to yourself   whether you would have to die if you were forbidden to write.\" At the advice of Rodin [roh-daan], this  poet spent time at a zoo and produced a poem about an animal that \"paces in cramped circles, over   and over\". Another of his poems ends with the exhortation \"You must change your life.\" He wrote a  collection of ten works while staying at a castle near Trieste. That collection begins \"Who, if I cried  out, would hear me among the Angelic Orders\". This poet of \"The Panther\" and \"Archaic Torso of  Apollo\" had his writings to Franz Xaver Kappus published as Letters to a Young Poet. Identify this  German poet of The Duino Elegies.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2e481ba396846fd8f27c1c55502b799",
            "input": "Charles Taylor has written two books about this philosopher, one of which considers him \"and modern society,\" and he was also the subject of Herbert Marcuse's Reason and Revolution. Walter Kaufmann's \"reinterpretation\" of his work argues that he was strongly influenced by Goethe and Schiller and dismisses the view that he thought that Germany was the culmination of world history, a position others have read into his Philosophy of Right. FTP, name this thinker who wrote The Phenomenology of Spirit, whose notion of the dialectic proved highly influential.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30c880ca33ed41ef91803a218f70ed9b",
            "input": "Edmund Whites The Beautiful Room is Empty takes its name from a letter this man wrote to Milena Jesenska. One of his stories discusses the mythic belief in the Chinese empire in small towns, The Great Wall of China, while another concerns a man who dies in the Black Forest but is left on Earth by the pilot of his death ship, The Hunter Gracchus. More famous are a story where an ape finds a way out onto the variety stage and one where an unnamed officer shows an explorer a Harrow that cuts the name of a criminals crime into his skin, and then must lie in it himself. FTP, name this author of Report to an Academy and In the Penal Colony, as well as The Trial.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-df1bfdb3b23041628d95775f3bab64b0",
            "input": "The results of this experimentwere confirmed by the Trouton-Noble experiment. One participant in this experiment continued to work with Dayton Miller in an attempt to achieve a different result, while the result in this experiment was a failure to detect any significant fringe shift after light passed through an (*) interferometer. Such a shift would have provided evidence for a medium in which light travels, a theory which was therefore debunked by this experiment. For 10 points, name this experiment that disproved the existence of the luminiferous aether.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cad25f900c1b4da69a78090438920977",
            "input": "As an infant he was saved from death by his mother Polymede, who pretended that he had been stillborn to spare him from his usurping uncle. Raised in a wilderness cave by the centaur Chiron, he became the pawn of Hera, who held a grudge against his uncle Pelias. After bearing Hera in the guise of a mysterious woman across a river, he undertook his most famous task, which was to journey to Colchis to retrieve a possession of King Aeetes. FTP, name this hero who searched for the Golden Fleece as captain of the Argonauts.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b94588dbd90f4188a27128c92c094249",
            "input": "Lake Hvz, the largest thermal lake in the world and a tourist destination noted for its curative properties, is located in this country. Its highest point is Kkes in the Mtra range, but most of the country consists of plains and hills. The largest lake of central Europe, Lake Balaton, is located in this country. The Ipoly River flows along this countrys border with Slovakia, and the Drava River forms most of its border with Croatia. However, its largest river is the Danube, which flows through its capital. This is, for ten points, what Eastern European country with capital at Budapest",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f71db8fc13d24c2cb1d7648faa7e4214",
            "input": "An enzyme in the ADAT family is needed for the synthesis of these molecules, and their attachment is catalyzed by the hydrolysis of a GTP molecule attached to the EF-Tu protein. Robert Holleys 1968 Nobel Prize in Medicine came in part due to his discovery of the structure of these molecules, which contain several nonstandard bases like inosine and pseudouridine. Their L-shaped structure allows them to fit into P and A sites, and the wobble hypothesis accounts for the extra amino acids that may be carried by the roughly 40 different types of these molecules. FTP, name these small chains of nucleotides that add an amino acid attached to their anticodon region to a polypeptide chain at a ribosome, usually drawn with a cloverleaf structure.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a10617dfd7f4c4ead6e5a92e061931e",
            "input": "This emperor began the custom of donatavum, a cash bonus to soldiers which became increasingly cumbersome later on. The only primary source on this man is a work by Philo Judaeus that recounts an embassy of Jerusalemites which tried to persuade him to intervene in a religious dispute with pagans. This leader was told that he had as much chance of becoming emperor as he did of crossing the bay and keeping his feet dry, so he created a floating causeway of boats. When audience members booed him for a poor gladiator show, this emperor had their tongues cut out and then fed them to the lions. This emperor once threw a party for Incitatus, presenting him with paintings to hang in his marble bedroom. He also appointed Incitatus, a horse, to the Senate. for 10 points, name this son of Agrippina the Elder who preceded Claudius as Roman emperor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2df07c4106ae4f18baa7be0401883d4f",
            "input": "Home to the last Barbary Macaque population in the whole of Europe, it joined the EU in 1973, but is a continuing source of diplomatic rows between two of its member states, also because of its role as an international tax haven. Its current status dates back to the 1713 treaty of Utrecht. During the Second World War, the German army devised the Operation Felix to capture this site that acted as an important and strategic British garrison and stronghold, but abandoned it subsequently. Its name is supposed to be derived from Arabic, meaning mountain of Tariq, and in Greco-roman mythology, it was known as one of the Pillars of Hercules. FTP, what is this site, famous for its rock, controlling the entry to the Mediterranean",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2e6d5dd9c1614791b0f865984c54ce4d",
            "input": "Employers and unions in this country made the Wassenaar Agreement in 1982, leading to a political   consensus called the Polder model that was criticized by Pim Fortuyn until he was assassinated. During World War Two, the Nazis stopped food shipments in this country, causing the Hunger Winter.  Part of a kingdom that includes Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten, this country considers its first  king to be William the First of Orange, and it was recently headed by Queen Beatrix. During the  1830s, Belgium separated from this country. Name this country often referred to as Holland.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ce56f90d9d94ec9b2cddc8923951493",
            "input": "In certain regions, one equivalent of this festival is celebrated by performing the thabal chongba dance; that version of this festival is called Yaosang. One group celebrates this holiday with three days of displays of physical strength and mock battles and a procession beginning and ending at the Takth Keshgarh Sahib. Pictures of gods are swung around to the time of special song cycles in the Dol-yatra, which is a Bengali variation of this festival, and other reasons to celebrate this festival include the death of the sister of Hiranyakashipu, who tried to get her to help kill his son Prahlada. It takes place during the full moon in Phalguna, and it is best remembered for its association with Krishna's love for Radha. For 10 points, name this holiday which sees people throw colored powder at each other, a Hindu spring festival.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63e1f6e0b9ed4b858277e2a95accc794",
            "input": "nation was defeated at Koh Chang by the French. Khana Ratsadon led a bloodless revolution in this nation, one kingdom in which compiled the Dharmashastra. A kingdom in this nation succeeded the Kingdom of Hiran and was founded by Mangrai. This nation, once home to the kingdom of Lanna, was the site of a capital founded by General Taksin at Thonburi. The collapse of the Ayutthaya in this nation preceded the ascent of the Chakri dynasty of Rama I. It was invaded by Japan during World War II to access the Malay Peninsula. It was once dominated by the monarchs of Burma. For 10 points, name this nation, once known as Siam, whose capital is Bangkok.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e5258cdd9c44afcb0cd23da09fa51bf",
            "input": "One of these which performs an important action only when writing data to disk is used in the Reiser4 file system and is known as a dancing one. The Day-Stout-Warren algorithm runs in linear time when operating on these objects, of which the radix variety is used to store sets of strings. The tasks of spatial searching and the storage of database information usually use the R and B varieties respectively, while types known as scapegoat, splay, red-black, and AVL are all self-balancing and binary. For ten points, identify these directed acyclic graphs, a type of data structure which consists of nodes that each have one parent and possibly many children.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d739749615034d8f880515523e2e4916",
            "input": "During this man's reign, Archbishop Alphege was taken hostage during an invasion. This monarch issued the Edicts of Enham and Bath to promote nationwide fasting. His ascendance to the throne was aided by Elfrida's murder of his half-brother, and this king's reign was characterized by turbulence with a certain group, culminating in the St. Brice's Day Massacre. After this man's death and the short reign of his son Edmund Ironsides, the throne would not return to the kingdom of Wessex until Edward the Confessor in 1042. For 10 points, name this Anglo-Saxon king whose unfortunate nickname signified that he was poorly counseled, not unprepared.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c098bcc5817448d89549b4bc7d3039cf",
            "input": "A king of this name was the older brother of Hugh of Vermandois and was nicknamed \"the Amorous.\" Along with his son, Charles, the Count of Valois, a king of this name faced off against Peter III in the Aragonese Crusade. Another king of this name was advised by Guillaume de Nogaret and lost to the Flemish at the Battle of the Golden Spurs. The last French king of this name had his navy destroyed at the Battle of Sluys. The second French king of this name was the last King of the Franks, and defeated the Angevins at the Battle of Bouvines. The Avignon papacy began due to the conflict between Boniface VIII and the fourth French king of this name, who suppressed the Knights Templar. For 10 points, give this name shared by six French kings, the fourth of whom was nicknamed \"the Fair.\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80694a8aa6314907b32d742ff8380b05",
            "input": "region was home to Port Famine, a city founded by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. This region was divided by the Boundary Treaty of 1881. The Yaghan were early inhabitants of this region, whose major cities include Puerto Williams, Porvenir, and Punta Arenas. Jemmy Button, a native of this region, was taken along with three others by Robert FitzRoy upon his 1830 voyage here. This archipelago includes Isla Navarino, which is close to Cape Horn. Its largest city, and the capital of half of this region, is Ushuaia. For 10 points, name this region that is divided between Argentina and Chile, named for the Spanish for \"land of fire. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bc08ad68d6204b76a3b5ae15cee0b588",
            "input": "parents, James and Lady Charlotte, want her to marry the wealthy Roger Solmes, but she refuses. For 15 points, name this virtuous woman who dies after Robert Lovelace rapes her, the title character of a Samuel Richardson epistolary novel",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd95b92131bd483eb5575dce6d2d8581",
            "input": "One of these creatures named Hylonome committed suicide when her husband Cyllarus was killed in a\\n battle. Along with fairies, this creatures were said to inhabit the Foloi Oak Forest. A pair of these figures\\n named Hylaeus and Rhaecus attempted to rape Atalanta but were killed by Meleager. A group of these\\n creatures beat Caeneus into the ground using stones, and a group of them were killed by a certain hero after\\n one of them named Pholus offered wine. At the wedding of Pelops and Hippodamia, these creatures fought\\n against their rivals, the Lapiths. These creatures were the product of the union of Ixion and Nephele.\\n Deianeira took a shirt and dipped it into the blood of one of these creatures named Nessus, which caused\\n Heracles great agony when he wore it. For 10 points, name these wise creatures from Greek Mythology\\n which were half-human half-horse.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd8f1363ad924af381a8a5aa9fe1f06b",
            "input": "In the Noyori [3+2] reaction, a compound containing two atoms of this element and nine carbonyl groups is used to generate cyclopentadienones. In some bacteria, a specific type of chelating agent known as a siderophore complexes with ions of this element, and its levels in the blood can be assayed by measuring FR5RI. Mohr's salt contains a central atom of this element, and seven atoms of it are found in every molecule of Prussian blue. Pauson and Kealy found this element coordinated to two cyclopentadiene molecules in the first example of a metallocene, and catalase contains four atoms of it coordinated to a certain tetrapyrrole. FTP, name this metal, which is found coordinated to porphyrin in myoglobin and hemoglobin.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8dc58948e3d34c9a88fd3a1c03a9a22f",
            "input": "This philosopher wrote an unpublished work about the manifestation of sexuality in Christian confessions. This thinker used the example of Apollo denying his rape of Creusa in Euripedes' Ion as an example of parrhesia, or truthful speech, in his lectures collected as Fearless Speech. He discussed the presence of a series of Xs [exes] in the opening of a work that explores the origins of the humanities and the concept of representation from Descartes to Kant. This thinker used the ship of fools as a central symbol in one work, and considered Velasquez's Las Meninas in the first chapter of his The Order of Things. This philosopher analyzed power systems used to control abnormal individuals through hierarchical observation, judgment based on social norms, and examination in a work that idealized Bentham's Panopticon. For 10 points, name this French thinker who wrote Discipline and Punish and The History of Sexuality.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ac107a8de91c4c18ab662cbbd02b947a",
            "input": "Hyperplasia in this organ is associated with myasthenia gravis, while aplasia of it results from failure of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches to develop and is known as DiGeorge syndrome. Keratinized cells called Hassalls corpuscles are found in its medulla, and dendritic cells at its corticomedullary junction recognize self-reactive cells. Epithelial cells in its cortex express MHC molecules that allow for positive selection. Found posterior to the manubrium of the sternum, this pyramid-shaped organ reaches its maximum size at puberty. For 10 points, identify this lymphoid organ, the site of T cell development.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bff05131f7ff4da1bbc81f779320cb63",
            "input": "Catherine J. Golden discussed the differing meanings of asterisks in this story. The narrator of this story always looks out the window for the first ray of sunlight, but notices a pattern of bars under any light at night. This story was inspired by the an interaction with (*) Weir Mitchell, who forbade writing. The narrator speaks her own name for the first time while crawling over her knocked-out husband. The protagonist convinces Jennie to leave her in the nursery to free a shadowy woman from the title material, much to the dismay of John. For 10 points, name this short story about the depressed Jane, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cc7d7a7fce584c37af8c182552a71434",
            "input": "In 1918, he was legal counsel to the US delegation to the Versailles conference, which also included his uncle, Secretary of State Robert Lansing. He engineered the CENTO alliance in Asia and instigated the overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz in Guatemala. He always carried a copy of Problems with Leninism, and he famously said that The United States does not have friends, it only has interests, and opposed containment in favor of a more aggressive rollback strategy. For 10 points, name this career diplomat, Eisenhowers Secretary of State after Dean Acheson and older brother to CIA director Allen.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d702a0e83dc346eeb44d2e6ac09dfcc6",
            "input": "A recurring character named Sganarelle appears in this author's version of Don Juan. In the deux ex machina concluding one of his plays, Anselme explains that he really is Don Thomas d'Alburci, and survived a shipwreck with his daughter Marianne. A character created by this author hides under a table to see if a \"holy man\" will start flirting with his wife. This author died while playing Argan, a hypochondriac, in a performance of his play The Imaginary Invalid. This man's patron, Louis XIV, makes a guest appearance in this author's work titled for a religious hypocrite. For 10 points, name this author of The Miser and Tartuffe, a comic French playwright.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-70c8c29592744ca5b11b71b9dacdccb7",
            "input": "One of this author's works features a main character who ages thirty-six years over three centuries and undergoes a sex change halfway through. This author of Orlando also wrote a book which includes the suicide of shell-shocked Septimus Smith, while another examines the plight of a hypothetical \"Judith (*) Shakespeare.\" For 10 points, name this author of Mrs. Dalloway who wrote that \"a woman must have money\" and the title abode \"if she is to write fiction\" in A Room Of One's Own.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19de6f91c92e4327b97fb3d55b4c5042",
            "input": "The Sorbonne is the university of this city, which is divided into twenty arrondissements. This city is the site of a monument built to commemorate victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, the Arc de Triomphe. Notre Dame cathedral is located in this city on the Seine River, where tourists may also visit the Eiffel Tower. For 10 points, name this capital of France.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-997c159e9a3e4e0c9fdeb7bcdab5f928",
            "input": "The rule of a dynasty in this modern-day country was interrupted for more than sixty years by a revolt started by the Mac family. Christoforo Borri observed the dynamic in this country between two rival ruling families, which both agreed to a 100-year truce in 1673. Both of those families in this country were defeated a little over a century later in a rebellion started by three brothers. The Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes developed this country's Latin-based script. A dynasty in this country was ended by the Tay Son rebellion. During China's Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan defeated an uprising in this country led by the Trung sisters. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian country where Bao Dai served as the final emperor of the French-supported Nguyen Dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8a1fd18b93a44676a6d945e3cf82a534",
            "input": "The composer of this piece revised its finale in 1899 to include an extra 100 bars of music and a part for organ. One movement in this piece, marked Romanza: Moderato, quotes from Mendelssohn's Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage Overture. Another movement features a solo part for viola that imitates a student's string-crossing exercise, while another portrays an architect's incompetent efforts at playing the piano, and yet another containing a cello solo is dedicated to Basil G. Nevinson, who premiered its composer's Cello Concerto. Most famous for an Adagio depicting the composer's friend Augustus Jaeger titled \"Nimrod\", for 10 points, this is what group of portraits which contains a mysterious \"hidden theme\", by Edward Elgar.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1407512d20a464cab945fd24e0544d7",
            "input": "This ruler came to power after grand pensionary Johan de Witt and his brother were executed by a lynchmob, ending the Act of Seclusion that had barred him from power since the death of his namesake father. Some of his military exploits included capturing Bonn from the elector of Cologne, and forcing the English into signing the second treaty of Westminster. He would build the Het Loo palace, and with the aid of emperor Leopold I, he'd force the French into signing the treaties of Nijmegen. Partly due to his longtime mistress Elizabeth Villiers, he was invited by a group called the \"Immortal Seven\"; a refusal to swear oath to his rule resulted in the Glencoe Massacre. That rule would be recognized by the French in the Peace of Ryswick, ending the War of the Grand Alliance. FTP, name this victor at the Battle of the Boyne, a Dutch stadtholder who became king of England after the Glorious Revolution.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-af6332f4055c4de788924219a5ac6900",
            "input": "Along with Burton Wheeler, he co-sponsored an act which put the federal government at the head of railroad reorganization, and also headed the group that exposed production deficiencies and graft in the lead-up to World War II, the Special Committee Investigating National Defense. His Attorney General wrote the majority opinion in Mapp v. Ohio as well as School District of Abington v. Schempp. In a famous speech, he stated that the United States must support free people fighting (*) subjugation against either armed minorities or external pressures, which led to aid being sent to Greece and Turkey. For 10 points, identify this figure the predecessor to Dwight Eisenhower as President of the United States.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-adc4250381f14558bf6925d19a6bd470",
            "input": "His belief that the ethical spirit attempts to relieve the pain of others only because it sees all pain as its own is the subject of his The Basis of Morality. He defined frustration as the stubbornness that results when the intellect is displaced by the determination of spirit in a series of Essays of Parerga and Paralipomena. The root of his belief is the choice that man must make between a boring or painful existence, guided by a variety of the Kantian \"thing-in-itself. \"  FTP, name this philosopher of pessimism, who expounded his original thesis in The World as Will and Idea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6da61071ce0d49969cf21edf3d44d991",
            "input": "Theories that do not include this substance include John Moffat's theory that G over c holds constant over time but neither quantity does individually and one proposed by Bekenstein called TeVeS. Its presence explains the formation of stellar structure through the Jeans instability. It may be accounted for by certain leptons with the opposite helicity from experimental prediction, called \"sterile. \" One model of this substance suffers from the \"cuspy halo problem\" and cannot explain the lack of many satellite galaxies a thousandth the size of the Milky Way. One hypothesized example of this substance is the Nambu-Goldstone boson that results from spontaneously broken Peccei-Quinn symmetry; that particle accounts for the theta-bar term in strong CP violation and is called the axion. Its baryonic forms include brown dwarfs and MACHOs. For 10 points, name this hypothetical substance postulated by Fritz Zwicky, which is classified based on its speed as hot, warm, or cold and is detectable only by its gravitational effects, not by emitted radiation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ed46cc90a5724654bbc1f681ad608a54",
            "input": "W. V. O. Quine's essay \"Epistemology Naturalized\" contrasts Hume's language theories with those of this philosopher, who emphasized the importance of paraphrasis, or contextual definition, and translating whole sentences containing abstract terms to show the meaning of the terms without identifying corresponding objects. In addition to that \"theory of fictions\", this philosopher distinguished between positive and negative acts and attacked theories of natural rights for relying on normative principles. His first book addressed Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England, and another work by this philosopher contrasts social and hedonic calculations of the aggregate and individual forms of a quantity central to his \"greatest happiness principle\". FTP, name this philosopher who wrote A Fragment on Government and An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, the founder of utilitarianism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d04d21fbda3a40278f911edd9f4f053e",
            "input": "One author from this country wrote a novel which opens with the assassination of a sleeping man by Chen Ta Erh and chronicles a revolt led by Kyo Gisors. In another novel from this country, Leon Robinson is met in an African trading post and at a Ford plant in Detroit by Ferdinand Bardamu. The authors of Man's Fate and Journey to the (*) End of Night are from this country. A plesiosaur battle and an emergence from Stromboli figure in a novel by an author from this country who also wrote a novel in which a black flag is planted at the South Pole by a man who captures the harpooner Ned Land and Professor Pierre Arronax aboard the Nautilus. For 10 points, name this birthplace of Andre Malraux, Louis-Ferdinand Celine, and Jules Verne.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e28added406d44aba74a16608cccdbf8",
            "input": "In some myths he is the grandson of Gerreindour the Giant, while in others his grandfather is Aegir. Through his intervention Thrall, Karl, and Jarl were born and went on to differentiate the races of men. Because of his shining, golden teeth he is also called Gullintani. He lives in the hall of Himinbjorg and rides the powerful horse Gulltop. At Ragnarok he and Loki will kill each other, so apparently his great hearing and vision can not save him. FTP, name this Norse god who blows Gjallerhorn to announce Ragnarok and who is the guardian of Bifrost, the rainbow bridge.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-639a1903c1c34845aa545cd53f1a6029",
            "input": "Veronese changed the title of his Last Supper to Feast in the House of Levi after he was told to replace one of these with Mary Magdalene. Two flowers, two pens, and some sheet music lay by another one of these at the bottom left of the portrait of Madame de Pompadour by Francois Boucher. The periodic motion of a woman's feet and one of these can be found in a painting by Giacomo Balla titled the Dynamism of one of these, and another one of this animal is curled up at the foot of the bed as a woman rummages through a chest in the background in Titian's Venus of Urbino. For 10 points, a series of sixteen paintings by C. M. Coolidge depicts what animals playing poker",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53dd6643e57749e9ac2f8fa83e2c6720",
            "input": "In one work he claimed that the problem with philosophy was the attempt by philosophers to divroce language from its context. That work, the Blue Book, served as notes for another work which considered the thought experiment of a \"beetle in a box\" and another concerning a \"duckrabbit\" to investigate the possibility of (*) private language. His most famous work is a series of logical propositions that build upon themselves, ending with \"Of what we cannot speak, we must pass over in silence,\" and beginning with \"the world is everything that is the case.\" For 10 points, name this German-British ordinary language philosopher, a logical positivist who wrote Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-baa743ac96394f33aeca52e305eee4d5",
            "input": "One side in this war used its outbreak as an excuse to execute political prisoners in the Bodo League Massacre. An army in this war launched the Second Phase Offensive, resulting in the longest retreat in US military history, made possible due to the heroics of the Turkish Brigade. A long stalemate during this war included the bloody battles of Heartbreak Ridge and (*) Pork Chop Hill. Another theater of this war pitted the F-86 Sabre against the MiG-15 in airspace above the Yalu River. Peng Duhai led Chinese forces in this war, in which Douglas MacArthur ordered the landing at Inchon before being replaced by Matthew Ridgway. For 10 points, name this war fought between US-led UN forces against the northern part of a divided Asian peninsula.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7459d82685a4424eb79a8ae653197a59",
            "input": "Alexander Calders Ordinary is located outside of this structure, which lies across from the Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill-designed Lever House. The shear trusses and shear walls of this building extend to the 29th and 17th floors of it respectively. This building has three specified positions for window blinds, which its architect included to maintain uniformity. Mark Rothko was going to create displeasing art for the Four Seasons Restaurant in this International Style building. For 10 points, name this structure designed by Johnson and Mies van der Rohe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6c97584c8a2421e8637fe7ee3740a9b",
            "input": "One of these objects is framed on the left by five roundels depicting Christ's life and on the right by five roundels depicting Christ's death and resurrection. That object symbolizes God's omniscience. Another one of these features Edward James's backside in Not to be Reproduced, and a bored woman serving drinks stands in front of one of these items in a Manet painting. Another shows Mariana and Philip IV, who pose for a painting as their young daughter and her attendants watch. Often held by nude Venuses, they appear in the background of A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, Las Meninas and The Arnolfini Wedding. For 10 points, name these objects used to paint self-portraits.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bd38870fa5c4fe4915e67e5b50f5acb",
            "input": "He outsmarted his brother Karttikeya to marry Buddhi and Siddhi, personifications of wisdom and prudence. He is usually shown carrying a mace, discus, shell, and water lily, and he was the scribe to whom Vyasa dictated the Mahabharata. He rides a rat, and one version of how he got his most distinctive feature involves his uncle Sani just looking at him, while another version has him guarding the bath of his mother Parvati and angering his father Shiva. For 10 points, name this Hindu god, the remover of obstacles who had his head replaced by that of an elephant.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ffc541c769b4a73b5cd2a61ba0463f2",
            "input": "Some Catholics celebrate it following mass under the alternate name of Shigmo, and those belonging to the Banjara tribe mark it by a series of specialized dances. Among the legends associated with it are the murder of a woman who possessed poisonous breast milk, the evil Pootana, and the chasing away of the demon Dhundi. It is typically celebrated on the full moon day, or Poornima, in the month of Phalgun and is characterized by consumption of the drink thandai [thun-DYE] laced with bhang [bung], a form of cannabis. It chiefly commemorates the devoutness of Prahlad, the love of Rati and Kami, and the worship of Krishna. FTP, name this Indian spring festival characterized by large bonfires and people throwing colored powders and water on each other.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ef9855a6c2da46f0bed90d89ec53b788",
            "input": "This man once vetoed a bill to appropriate funds for drought-stricken Texas farmers by saying \"federal aidencourages the expectations of paternal care. \" He used the slogan \"Public office is a public trust,\" and as President, had to deal with such incidents as a march on Washington led by Jacob Coxey. During this man's presidency, he also sent in the army to deal with a strike led by Eugene V. Debs, and this man signed both the Interstate Commerce Act and the Dawes Act. For 10 points, identify this President who defeated both James G. Blaine and Benjamin Harrison to win two nonconsecutive terms.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca4c933f296242a883d1a67a9e0df04a",
            "input": "Late in his reign, this emperor constructed a secret central police force headed by Count Pergen, who also designed the education system under him. Around the same time, in a very sickly condition, this emperor commanded an army that famously confused the word Halt! for Allah! on the eve of battle, resulting in his infantry attacking his cavalry, firing shots in a drunken stupor. His first wife Isabella of Parma died of smallpox long before that blunder in the Battle of Karansebes. His quarrels with Pope Pius VI originated when he attempted to dissolve all contemplative monasteries in his kingdom, though hes better known for issuing the Patent of Religious Toleration and edicts on freedom of the press. For 10 points, name this emperor who also abolished serfdom after succeeding Maria Theresa as Holy Roman Emperor.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d9faa6b978c44470b94eb0d8c8fc1ce9",
            "input": "One slogan during this war was \"remember Majuba Hill\". The Battle of Colenso occurred during Black Week before Lord Roberts took command, and the later founder of the Boy Scouts, Robert Baden-Powell, defended Mafeking during this war. The Jameson Raid helped lead to this war, and Lord Kitchener used a scorched earth policy to combat the guerrila warfare of Generals Jan Smuts and Louis Botha. Ending the independence of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State, For 10 points, name this war between the namesake farmers of Dutch descent and the British in South Africa.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-39b28d4ca2694bec895af922b2895967",
            "input": "In one of this author's stories, a woman dies of pneumonia and sees a vision of a gigantic parrot, and in another, the title character saves the Emperor of Occitania from the Caliph of Cordova and is taken up to heaven by Jesus posing as a leper. One of his works, inspired by a trip to Carthage, recounts the love of Matho for the title priestess. In one work, Frederic Moreau pines for the older Madame Arnoux but ultimately rejects her, and in this author's best-known novel the title character swallows arsenic after having affairs with Rodolphe and Lon. Famous for such works as Salammbo and A Simple Heart, for ten points, name this author of The Sentimental Education and Madame Bovary.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cedb7aedb7654ab2a8f2e571f65f5a42",
            "input": "The title character of one of this man's novels was raised in the house of his godfather Mayakin and often goes drinking with his childhood friend, a satirical journalist named Ezhoff. That title character is confined to an insane asylum after he gives a long speech revealing the misdeeds of the rich businessmen in attendance. Another of his novels sees the hunchbacked Nikita attempt to become a monk, at which he eventually fails, leading him to hang out with the revolutionary Tikhon Vialov. In that novel by this man, Ilya appears in the town of Dromov and builds a linen factory, which is eventually taken over by his son Pyotr. This author of Foma Gordeyev wrote a play, which ends with the Actor hanging himself after losing the support of the optimistic Luka. That play is set in a flophouse owned by Vasilissa, who has an affair with Pepel, and her husband Kostilyoff. For 10 points, identify this proponent of socialist realism, the Russian author of The Artamanov Business and The Lower Depths.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3398351dee28466abf82a4d6641d981f",
            "input": "In one essay by this man, he described the difficulty of formulating what he termed \"parallelistic hypotheses\". In that same essay, this man wrote about the influence of Pillsbury and called for a \"functionalist\" psychology. In one experiment by this psychologist, rats accustomed to running a certain distance in a maze began to crash into the walls when the corridor was shortened. Another more controversial experiment by this man involved striking a steel bar whenever the test subject touched a white rat, thus creating a fear of things that looked or felt like white rats. For 10 points, name this psychologist who wrote Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It,conducted the Kerplunk experiment and the Little Albert experiment, and who coined the term \"behaviorism\".",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b20132b17894452d9c5b36a2fdcb57cb",
            "input": "One swimmer from this country won the women's 50 and 100 metre freestyle events at the 2012 Olympics, Ranomi Kromowidjojo. A gymnast from this country performed a Cassina-Kovacs-Kolman combination to win this country's first gymnastics Olympic gold medal. One sportsman from this country beat MaliVai Washington in 1996 to end Peter Sampras' three-year winning streak at Wimbledon. Two of the people who have won the Ballon D'Or three times are from this country. For 10 points, name this home country of Epke Zonderland, Richard Krajicek, and Johan Cruyuff.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-178f0a67fb9248e3b4b58be4f72980a1",
            "input": "This quantity is increased by a factor of one plus the negative gain of the amplifier in the Miller effect. A type of component will have this form of reactance above its resonant frequency when displaying its \"parasitic\" type. Calculation of it for an arbitrary shape is accomplished by solving Laplace's equation with a constant potential along a conductor's surface. This quantity's inverse is elastance, and it is additive in series. For one type of device, it is inversely related to the distance between two plates, and in general, it equals charge over voltage. For 10 points, name this measure of the ability to store charge, measured in farads.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aed7b323a1d240ff9675cf86c4d9dfd8",
            "input": "Marlowe called him \"the Scythian Shepherd\", but he was actually a Tartar born in Turkestan. After gaining the throne in 1369, he proceeded to beat the living snot out of Afghanistan, Persia, India, and Asia Minor. He sacked Delhi, conquered Baghdad, captured Damascus, pushed into Egypt, and died of fever before he could subdue China. All this in the space of 36 years. FTP identify this descendant of Genghis Khan who apparently lost the athletic prowess he had in his youth.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-774eaf7841024b71aae277e1a5fdca21",
            "input": "One work by this artist features the title figure working at her profession intently in a yellow dress, next to a blue cushion in the foreground. In addition to The Lacemaker, another one of his works features the title locale with a woman seen churning butter in an alley and another woman sewing in a doorway, The Little Street. Some speculate that he used a camera obscura for the precision of his painting and his pointille technique, evidence such as the detailed map in the background of Officer and a Laughing Girl and the intricate proportions seen in View of Delft. For 10 points, identify this Dutch painter whose most famous painting is The Girl with the Pearl Earring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2a0a473fd9f54f3aaddfad4a1bb27ff4",
            "input": "This man dealt with a troublesome guerrilla force in Kwilu by inviting its leader, Pierre Mulele, to a formal negotiation and then pulling off various parts of Mulele over the course of a day. The Popular Movement of the Revolution promulgated this man's doctrine of \"nationalism\", \"revolution\", and \"authenticity\" in the Manifesto of N'Sele. He faced two conflicts centered around the Shaba province, and rose to supreme power after his major rival and predecessor was captured and executed, likely with the aid of nefarious CIA operative Sydney Gottlieb. This predecessor of Laurent-Desire Kabila deposed the government of Joseph Kasavubu, forced Moise Tshombe to flee Katanga, and benefited from the aforementioned murder of Patrice Lumumba. For 10 points, identify this African strongman who weathered the Congo Crisis to become the President of Zaire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38f5e006a4fc4215bbe482e20f7ca794",
            "input": "Divination based on the movement of an image of this deity occurred in the sanctuary of Atargatis in Hierapolis Bambyce. This god turned Clytia into a sunflower after that woman betrayed this figure's lover to her father Orchamus. Zephyrus jealously blew a discus thrown by this god into the head of his lover Hyacinthus, killing the latter. This god was forced to serve as Admetuss shepherd after avenging the death of his son Asclepius. His rejection by Cassandra led him to curse that prophetess never to be believed. This god surrendered his stolen cows to Hermes in exchange for the lyre, and he and his twin sister killed the fourteen children of Niobe. For 10 points, identify this son of Zeus and Leto and twin to Artemis, the Greek god of light and music.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-983af4e609814e84b7dd9b07b6b47136",
            "input": "Laplaces rule may be used to compute a version of this quantity for its namesake tensor in order to prove the Alon-Tarsi conjecture for Latin squares of even order; that proof uses Cayleys version of this operator. The Cauchy-Binet rule generalizes it to commutative rings, while Leibnizs formula uses permutations of elements to compute it. Setting to zero the result of this operation on lambda I minus A allows us to calculate As eigenvalues. Cramers rule uses ratios of these to solve systems of linear equations. For ten points, name this quantity that is a d minus c b for a 2 by 2 matrix a b c d.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aea829e9965c46dea57c6d3bd09e6e93",
            "input": "In an article about this musician in Time Magazine, his first publicity campaign was described as \"the Abominable Snowman caged by Blue Note Records. Other of his albums include \"Underground\" and \"Brilliant Corners,\" an album featuring Max Roach on drums and timpani on such tracks as \"Ba-lue Bolivar Ba-lues-are. \" On this man's most famous album, Charlie Rouse's tenor saxophone is showcased on \"Locomotive\" and the Duke Ellington-penned \"I Didn't Know About You. \" This man's namesake quartet included John Coltrane and performed at the Five Spot Caf. His other charts include \"Crepuscle with Nellie\" and \"Epistrophy. \" A proponent of funny hats, for 10 points, name this hard bop pianist best known for his \"Straight, No Chaser\" and \"'Round Midnight. \"  \r",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-293fc88561f24944be280aea6500c026",
            "input": "One of this man's theories was supported by the discovery that Hittite contained forms in which distinct reflexes of the laryngeals are recorded, and he explained how the vowel alternations of a came about in his first work, Memoir on the Original System of Vowels in the Indo-European Languages. He is noted for his terms langue, or regularities and patterns in speech, and parole, or actual acts of speech. The work he is most famous for is often considered the foundation for structural linguistics, though Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye actually published it. FTP name this Swiss linguist whose lecture notes and other materials were posthumously turned into the seminal Course in General Linguistics.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09a1cf0a663c459fab32590db7d672c7",
            "input": "This thinker described the monumental, antiquarian, and critical methods of using history for life in one work. He claimed that conceptions of good and evil arose from ressentiment of slaves in one work, and in another, the \"Parable of the Madman\" appears alongside a formulation of eternal recurrence. This author of On the(*) Genealogy of Morals and The Gay Science discussed the importance of people creating values for themselves to become Ubermenschen in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who coined the phrase \"God is dead.\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51b40e26ca234a11806133f8f1375096",
            "input": "author wrote the short poem \"You fit into me / like a hook into an eye / a fish hook / an open eye. \" In one of her novels, Moira removes a metal lever from a toilet and passes it off as a knife in order to steal Aunt Elizabeth's clothes. In another novel, the newly engaged Marian finds herself completely unable to eat until she bakes a woman-shaped cake for her fianc. This author of The (*) Edible Woman described a novel written by Iris Chase, but initially attributed to her sister Laura, who committed suicide after World War II. This author also wrote about Snowman, who recalls the genetic engineering of a docile race of humans by one of the title characters. For 10 points, identify this author of The Blind Assassin, Oryx and Crake, and The Handmaid's Tale.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b371cd32366e4ee2ad505fc0bc22954c",
            "input": "In the aria Mal reggendo, one character in this opera relates how a strange voice stopped his hand from killing his opponent in a duel in Act 1. The arias Di due figli and Abbietta zingara are used by one character to narrate a ghost story to a gathering which is dispersed by the ringing of a bell. In Prima che d'altri vivere, the protagonist bids farewell to his lover after she poisons herself. After the first act in which Ferrando conjures the image of a baby burnt alive on a pyre, Chi del gitano i giorni abbella, or the Anvil Chorus, is sung by a group of gypsies. After the death of Leonora, the mother of Azucena is avenged when Count di Luna orders the execution of the title character Manrico. FTP, name this opera by Giuseppe Verdi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82542c1c19a04f5b816528aa1f904d4f",
            "input": "One alternative to this reaction uses diorganochromium and is named for Takai, while one variant is further modified by using KHMDS and is named for Still. The ability of one intermediate to interconvert is called stereochemical drift, and one modification uses a sulfur-containing compound in order to create epoxides. In addition to the Corey-Chaykovsky reaction, and ester version of this reaction was developed by Horner, Wadsworth, and Emmons, while the erythro betaine can be converted to the threo version using phenyllithium in a version named for Schlosser. The formation of an oxaphosphetane drives, FTP, this reaction which uses a phosphonium ylide to create alkenes from carbonyls, named for a German.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3addab1c9074b5c950a0b48dc271c37",
            "input": "Martin Orans has recently published a critique of this work, and the opening chapter extols the virtues of studying developmental psychology as a means of studying cultures. The eighth chapter of this work discusses the role of the dance in its titular culture, while the amauga custom is also studied in this work in the context of strengthening society as a whole. Some of the interviews in this book are given by Chief Tufele, while others are given by Lola, Fala, Mala, who lived on Tau island. This work was notably critiqued on the grounds of pre-acculturation by Derek Freeman, who alleged that its subjects gave false answers to interview questions posed by its author, which may have included the suggestion that masturbation was universal and homosexual activity was widespread. For ten points, identify this work about growing up on a certain Pacific island, a work by Margaret Mead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b9c44a038e5b4c2c9f4ff721ede29db0",
            "input": "A character in this play adopts the name Astrea while working for a princess who assigns her the task of discovering the identity of a woman in a nobleman's locket. A soldier in this play recognizes his daughter, whom he thinks is a boy, through the sword he gave to her mother Violante. This play begins when a character traveling with Clarin in the mountains loses her horse, leading her to venture to a tower by foot. In this play Rosaura is raped by Astolfo, who makes an alliance with Estrella to succeed King Basilio as rulers of Poland. For 10 points, name this play by Pedro Calderon de la Barca about the imprisoned Prince Sigismund's realization that existence is an ephemeral illusion.20.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d4241d246bf4ac0925e1a41a5e754c9",
            "input": "This thinker wrote that assertive utterances are distinguished by an assertoric force. In the same essay, he claimed that the question of truth pertains only to thoughts, which belong to a third realm besides the realm of matter and ideas. This thinker argued that words only have meaning in the context of a proposition. He introduced the axiom that the value-ranges of two functions are identical if and only if for any object, they map it to the same value. This philosopher explained the difference between identity statements of the form a=a and a=b in \"On Sense and Reference.\" He also showed that Hume's principle could be used to derive all five Peano axioms. Bertrand Russell showed that this philosopher's \"Basic Law V\" leads to Russell's Paradox. For 10 points, name this German logician who wrote Begriffsschrift and The Foundations of Arithmetic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3481fa9d13c444f0894a2ba64c38aa11",
            "input": "Carnegie Corporation head John Gardner was tapped to lead this large-scale effort, one of the effects of which was to increase the ratio of the income of Blacks to that of Whites from 54 to 60 percent by the time its promulgator left office. It included the creation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and included the rapid creation of 32 national parks as well as Clean Air Act and laws on vehicle emissions. Its cultural achievements include the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. First enunciated at a 1964 speech at the University of Michigan, its cornerstones included the Voting Rights Act and the creation of Medicare and Medicaid. FTP what was the name for this ambitious legislative program enacted under Lyndon Johnson",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-531e93d4f9bc4ee78cfcc6fed5e8a03a",
            "input": "This building exhibits a four-leaf clover shape, with a large central dome flanked by smaller semi-domes. The central worship area features the four famous \"elephant foot\" pillars, each over 20 feet in diameter. When construction began in 1609, some objected to its six minarets because it was unholy to rival the mosque at Mecca, though its namesake Sultan insisted on keeping them. FTP, name this imposing mosque in Istanbul, whose nickname comes from the 20,000 colorful Iznik tiles decorating its interior.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b863a51208a249ad9cd48f786bb30a6d",
            "input": "George Wigg was responsible for revealing it, and it led to the suicide of Dr. Stephen Ward. Alledgedly triggered during a party at the house of Viscount Astor, it is often mentioned as a major factor behind the election loss of Alec Douglas-Home. Alfred Denning led the official investigation into it, and it saw Yevgueni Ivanov being recalled in the aftermath. The then cabinet secretary, Sir Norman Brook, supposedly ended it based on MI5 evidence that Christine Keeler's association with Ivanov led to a potential intelligence threat, as Ivanov was using Keeler to get access to government secrets. Revealed in 1963 and a major thrill for the tabloids, FTP, what is this British political affair, named after Harold MacMillan's Secretary of State for War",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2c9975c72924c4cacb35ee39047dd4c",
            "input": "This composer used the four-note motif E-C- D-sharp - C-sharp as the basis for his Piano Variations, and in another of his works the trumpet quotes the popular song \"El Mosco. \" He recast his Short Symphony as a much more popular sextet, and James Agee's Let Us Now Praise Famous Men inspired him to team up with librettist Horace Everett to write the opera The Tender Land. Besides the aforementioned El Salon Mexico, He only used 13 instruments in a ballet set in western Pennsylvania, and another of his works features a narrator speaking over the orchestra with the refrain \"that is what he said. \" For ten points, name this American composer of Lincoln Portrait and Appalachian Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f6752c5cf6244bbdb6208bce0f7db5ce",
            "input": "Richard Lindzen first described the Quasi-Billenial Oscillation here. Dobson units are used to measure the concentration of a key compound in this layer whose lower boundary is marked by a temperature inversion from a lower level. Aerosols in this layer of the Earth's atmosphere can cool climate due to their long atmospheric lifetime here. Exchange with its lower neighbor occurs through Rossby wave propagation in polar regions, but this region lacks the high energy particles found in higher regions. For 10 points, name this layer of the atmosphere between 100 and 10 millibars of pressure which can be found directly above the troposphere and which contains the ozone layer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87f570f4afcd4fe181bddc3319a3ebc2",
            "input": "This book claimed that Noah spent 950 years \"prayerfully exhorting\" his people to not sin, and it uses the example of the changing of the Qibla to claim that God often destroys old habits to test faith, and it divides religious rules into groups named for things in the sky, such as the sun, moon, stars, and clouds. This text's introduction calls for its followers to give up all that is earthly and tread the path of faith in order to attain the shore of true understanding, and part of this book is called the \"Tablet of the Truth Seeker\". This book discusses the multiple Manifestations of God, as seen in the succession of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, and finally the Bab. For ten points, name this book by Baha'ullah, the primary theological text of the Baha'i faith.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c2a6a378fd9845e4984c03f4938172a2",
            "input": "This author wrote a short story in which a swallow takes gems from the title character to benefit the poor, titled \"\"The Happy Prince. \"\" Aubrey Beardsley illustrated this author's play in which the title character demands the head of Iokanaan and dances the Dance of the Seven Veils; that play is Salome. One work sees Algernon and Cecily become engaged while Jack proposes to Gwendolen, and in his only novel, Basil Hallward paints the title object while the title character is corrupted by Lord Henry Wotton. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright and author of The Importance of Being Earnest and The Picture of Dorian Gray.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7f30bc73a294fe69c277e41f55a10f5",
            "input": "His last lover, Camilla Selden, appeared as \"Mouche\" in his poetry, while he immortalized his future wife Crescence-Eugnie Mirat as \"Matilde. \"  Max Brod's The Artist in Revolt is a study of this author, from whom Matthew Arnold borrowed the term \"Philistine. \" After settling in Paris, this author wrote The Situation in France, which built on ideas he had earlier developed in his Travel Pictures, which includes The Town of Lucca and Ideas: The Book of Le Grand. His other works include a poem on the death of a trained bear, Atta Troll, and the collection Romanzero. He was admired by Marx and Engels, who especially liked the biting irony of his Germany, A Winter's Tale. FTP, name this Jewish author, whose Book of Songs includes his ballad \"The Lorelei. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93baa971766f457ab359e001d5c4a1c4",
            "input": "These molecules can be hydrolyzed from the condensation of an aldehyde and ammonium chloride with potassium cyanide. Visualized on a Ramachandran Plot, these products of the Strecker Synthesis can contain sulfur, such as the one produced by the start codon AUG that is considered essential. Consisting of a carboxylic acid group and a namesake group, they form peptide bonds. Exemplified by methionine (me-THAY-uh-neen) and glycine (GLAHY-seen), for 10 points, name these \"building blocks\" of proteins.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2903f3b9b2d14ba892c51ee86396a2ae",
            "input": "Prior to this event, the HMS Porpoise was boarded and its captain, Joseph Short, was court-martialed and his land grants revoked, an act committed by the successor of Philip King. Events leading to it included the firing of the magistrate Thomas Jamieson and the surgeon DArcy Wentworth by a protg of Joseph Banks. One incident during this event involved the judges Richard Atkins and Anthony Kemp threatening to imprison each other for contempt during the trial of John McArthur. Resulting in the succession of Governor Lachlan Macquarie and led by Lieutenant Governor George Johnston, it saw settlers along the Hawkesbury River rise up against a man who had previously been deposed by Fletcher Christian. For ten points, name this 1808 rebellion in New South Wales, named for Governor Blighs attempt to regulate the namesake drink.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-949d3f51b91a48e3a6ad2bfb5e9b7a6e",
            "input": "The production of this compound was described by Yang and Hoffman in 1980, years after Dmitry Neljubow first identified its relevant function. Its biosynthesis is commonly inhibited by AVG and AOA, as well as cobalt chloride and NBD which inhibit its action. That synthesis occurs by a series of three steps, including the second rate-limiting step which forms the cyclic compound ACC catalyzed by the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate. It generates what is known as the triple response as displayed in Arabidopsis, and this compound, which is biologically formed from L-methionine, can be chemically added to benzene to produce styrene. Shown to be enhanced by auxin, FTP, name this gaseous plant hormone which promotes fruit ripening.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1b7837cdbb9e4cbdb9eb4f65361702a8",
            "input": "Valproate, or Depakote, can cause encephalopathy in individuals in which this pathway is defective, and CSPI deficiency is a particularly severe disorder affecting this pathway. Disorders in this pathway may be treated with sodium phenylbutyrate, which is metabolized to phenylacetate in the body. One enzyme in this pathway is an isomer of an enzyme that makes up part of the CAD complex in pyrimidine biosynthesis; that enzyme is allosterically regulated by N-acetylglutamate and is called CPS-I. In one step in this pathway, carbamyl phosphate is combined with ornithine to produce citrulline. Originally discovered by Henseleit and Krebs, for 10 points, name this cycle which is used to remove nitrogen from unneeded amino acids from the body.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07e6473320ba463d825e63d2370c3532",
            "input": "The M+1 peak in mass spectrometry is due to an isotope of this element. An isotope of this element is used in a form of NMR which uses DEPT to determine chemical shifts between 0 and 220 ppm. Three alpha particles are transformed into an isotope of this element in the triple-alpha process. The mass of one dalton is defined based on the mass of one of this element's isotopes. The natural logarithm of two, divided by 5700, gives the rate constant in inverse-years for a process undergone by an isotope of this element. A mole is defined as twelve grams of its most common isotope. For 10 points, name this element used in radioactive dating, which normally has six neutrons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b86f8e36ae4942388d26f8ddff495632",
            "input": "The main character does not know of her illegitimate origins, and her mother believes her to be dead. Her father's lawyer, Mr. Tullinghorn, suspects her mother's secret and reveals it before he is mysteriously killed. The mother, Lady Dedlock is under suspicion, yet she too is murdered. Finally, Mr. Bucket shows that the Lady's maid is actually responsible for the deaths. A secondary plotline of the novel centers on the lawsuit of Jarndyce vs. Jarndyce over proper inheritance of family assets. FTP, what is this Charles Dickens novel, in which several of the characters including the heroine, Esther Summerson, live in a \"dreary abode\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3268dfe359514d6d810a8e9dd8f0ef30",
            "input": "He delivered a series of lectures on the political system of Greece and the role of technology in society as reflected in a poem about the Danube. In 1926 he was visited by a man whom he criticized for having a lack of historical understanding and prioritizing theoretical knowing. That former teacher was later removed from the dedication page of his masterwork upon the suggestion of (*)Niemeyer. His former lover called his treatment of Husserl tantamount to homicide as he, acting as Rector of Freiburg University, expelled academics of Jewish descent. For 10 points, name this German philosopher and Nazi collaborator, proponent of the concept of Dasein, and author of Being and Time.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1ed20b37585c43c29f5cce1f868f020c",
            "input": "One of this mans works is framed as a letter from Mrs. Curren to her daughter. Another one of his works centers on the relationship between Paul Rayment, who loses his leg in a biking accident, and his nurse Marijana. In addition to Age of Iron and Slow Man, this author wrote about a woman who rewrote Ulysses from the perspective of Molly Bloom, entitled Elizabeth Costello. This author wrote about Susan Bartons encounter with Cruso and Friday in Foe. Another work focuses on the gruesome exploits of Colonel Joll, while another one of his protagonists moves to his daughter Lucys farm after seducing a student. FTP, name this South African Nobel Prize winning author of Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9a47a46dc4cd47e2893f83cf8f9de53d",
            "input": "The break-off events of these objects are exemplified by an event affecting Altels in 1895, which was thought to have been triggered by infiltrated water. A tunnel under one of these objects in Kluane National Park collapsed and formed a canyon 20 years after a surge that almost recreated a lake. The islands Santonen and Hanhinen merged into Hailuoto, a process called rebound, after one of these objects receded. They are divided into zones of ablation and accumulation, and they leave behind moraines at their furthest extent. Sometimes forming aretes between their 'u'-shaped valleys, for 10 points, name these moving sheets of ice which cover Greenland and Antarctica.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-15e60df37e71492b9e3b8af3980c0b9e",
            "input": "This nation's analogue of Molly Pitcher gave her name to an auxiliary women's battalion in operation during World War II, called Lotta SvA$?rd. A bishop generally credited with establishing this country's written tradition wrote a primer called ABC-kiria. Frederick Charles of Hesse was the only king of this country, which produced a soldier nicknamed \"White Death\" for being the deadliest sniper in history. This home of Simo HA$?yhA$?, prime minister Risto Ryti, and Mikael Agrikola won the Battle of Suomussalmi during a war that led into the Continuation War, in which it built a defensive line running from Taipale to its namesake Gulf. For 10 points, name this country once led by Gustaf Mannerheim, a Baltic nation that fought the Winter War against the neighboring Soviets.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ddf18e3fe1a6488fa427feabb96138e2",
            "input": "This man's vice president, the only one elected by the Senate through the 12th Amendment, was the supposed killer of Tecumseh, Richard Mentor Johnson. This man was elected to the Senate over Nathan Sanford, and was the key organizer of the Bucktails political machine. He was accused of dining with gold spoons, and resigned following the Petticoat Affair. His presidency saw the Caroline Affair, the Aroostook War, and the slave rebellion aboard the Amistad. After his single term, he ran again in 1848 for the Free Soil Party, but was unpopular due to his handling of the Panic of 1837. For 10 points, name this successor to Andrew Jackson.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3ce1c8b3a91e47e2989f91f15a355ee4",
            "input": "One architect from this country designed the library at Mount Angel Abbey in Oregon, and another  worked with Albert Kahn on Michigan's Cranbrook Educational Community using ideas from the arts-  and-crafts movement. Another notable architect from here once drew diagrams for bomb  disassembly manuals before designing Noyes dormitory at Vassar and Ingalls ice skating rink at his  alma mater, Yale. That same architect from here invented the (*) chair made of aluminum and  fiberglass shown on Star Trek, the Tulip Chair. Architects from this country designed MIT's Kresge auditorium and the MIT dorm Baker House, in addition to Washington Dulles International airport. For  10 points, give this country home to the designers of the Essen Opera house and the Gateway Arch,  Alvar Aalto and Eero Saarinen.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2feda187635b4a19825b0d674874d045",
            "input": "His name originally meant \"wielder of missiles\", and one of his feats was accomplished at the spring of Peirene. This man, who was sent to kill the Solymi tribe, fathered two daughters, Laodameia and Deidameia, and Stheneboea unsuccessfully attempted to seduce him. He sought out the advice of Polydius, and he carried a letter with instructions for his own death to Iobates, the uncle of Proteus. The sting of a gadfly caused his mount to throw him to earth, but Athena gave him a soft landing. He used a golden bridle to obtain his mount, and then killed a monster with the head of a lion and tail of a dragon. For ten points, name this hero who slew the Chimera with the help of Pegasus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0971fc969ea34e1fa8ff932424e9656f",
            "input": "In this author's most recent work, LA cop Bigfoot Bjornsen manipulates hippie private investigator \"Doc\" Sportello to go after the Golden Fang. His penultimate book features the reading dog Pugnax, who belongs to the Chums of Chance, who visit the Chicago World's fair. Besides writing Inherent Vice and Against the Day, this novelist described the secret machinations of followers of the Tristero as uncovered by Oedipa Maas in one short novel, while in his debut novel he chronicled Benny Profane's attempts to capture an albino alligator in New York's sewers. These plot summaries can't do justice to, FTP, The Crying of Lot 49 and V., written by what author of Gravity's Rainbow",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6d4e8bb8ec6b458d805f435b0af91f5e",
            "input": "The so-called Southern school of this religion emphasized sudden enlightenment, but had died out by the 8th century. Introduced to the west largely through the writings of D.T. Suzuki, it was originally introduced by the legendary Bodhidharma. Its varied practices include the continual invocation of Amida in the Obaku school, while the Soto school uses the practice of zazen, or sitting in meditation without expectation, but most famous is the Renzai sect's use of paradoxical koans. FTP, what is this major branch of Buddhism",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84fe05c8077a48598a2a678970cc4dc8",
            "input": "This country's People's Life First party merged with its Tomorrow Party, and its prime minister recently called for \"bold\" monetary policy, 5 years after finally apologizing for the \"comfort women\" used by its army. Property belonging to individuals from this country was destroyed in China after a September dispute over its buying of the Diaoyu Islands. This country's TEPCO stock rose in value after news that the government sought to resume (*) nuclear power production. This country's LDP defeated the DPJ in the 2012 elections, meaning its new prime minister is Shinzo Abe. For ten points, identify this country whose Diet is located in Tokyo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8be14d5e57a4436a99348335475320d6",
            "input": "The Guardian newspaper was founded by a witness to this event, which saw William Hulton dispatch a\\n Yeomanry regiment under the drunken Captain Hugh Birley. Unlawful Drilling and Blasphemous Libel\\n were outlawed by Lord Sidmouth in response to this August 16 event, which also inspired the Cato Street\\n Conspiracy. The Six Acts were passed in the aftermath of this 1819 attempt to arrest the radical orator\\n Henry Hunt, which saw cavalry kill fifteen of the 70,000 Mancunians who were gathered to protest\\n Parliamentary representation in the midst of a famine. For 10 points, name this massacre whose name is a\\n combination of St. Peter's Field, where it occurred, and Napoleon's final defeat.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e5ad51f5c9e41c6b9aaeba10372a204",
            "input": "Indigenous Dahomey people worshiped these creatures to the point of instituting the death penalty for killing one of them. The Khmer people claimed descent from these creatures, citing the marriage of Soma and Kaundinya as mythological origin. In Hindu mythology, the highest status that one of these creatures can attain is \"naga.\" The Altuna Runestone depicts Thor using the head of an ox in an effort to capture one of these creatures that encircles the earth. The caduceus has two of, FTP, what reptilian tempter of Eve in the Garden of Eden",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ccdb8164d6db493f90744aef8bfec9fd",
            "input": "In a work by this author, Jopp humiliates Lucetta by reading her love letters to a crowd. In that novel, after he sells his wife Susan to the sailor Newson in a fit of drunkenness, the protagonist swears off drinking. In another novel, a note reading \"Done because we are too menny\" is left behind after Little Father Time commits suicide. In addition to creating Michael Henchard and (*) Jude Fawley, this author created a character who murders Alec and is executed after being caught with Angel Claire. For 10 points, name this author of The Mayor Of Casterbridge, Jude the Obscure, and Tess of the d'Urbervilles.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2f9721c75aae40c887375d90e7282b45",
            "input": "Proteins associated with these structures include kinesins and dynein, which move along them in order to transport other molecules throughout the cell. Many of these structures in a given cell will be in a state of dynamic instability, in which the protein subunits that make them up can be either added to or removed from the plus end of the structure at any given time. The ability of the structures to shorten is useful during mitosis, when they attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and pull them toward the spindle poles. For 10 points, name these components of the cytoskeleton, which also make up cilia and are composed of tubulin subunits.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e683ac14842e43e5b4142a3b5019bab9",
            "input": "It was the first gem mineral to be synthesized in the lab by flame fusion in a process developed by Auguste Verneuil; this technique and flux growth are still used to synthesize it today. At the turn of the century, discovery of these artificial techniques caused widespread panic in regions where it is mined from gem gravel deposits, especially Southeast Asia. Crystallizing in the hexagonal system, it forms in silica-poor igneous and metamorphic rocks. With chemical formula Al2O3, varieties include Padparadscha (pod-pa-Rah-sha), star sapphire, sapphire, and ruby. FTP, name this mineral, 9 on the Mohs hardness scale.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b7849fea8eb43b2abe6ae67aea4600a",
            "input": "Horace Vernet painted this figure on his deathbed, while Antoine-Jean Gros's paintings of him include one at Jaffa and one at the Arcole Bridge. In one work by his most famous depicter, he stands in his signature pose as his candles burn out at dawn in his study, while in another the names of Charlemagne and Hannibal are carved  into a mountain beneath the hooves of his leaping horse. If it were not for a mis-measurement of The Marriage at Cana, the painting of him placing a crown on his wife's head would be the largest at the Louvre, whose central hall bears his name. For 10 points, name this favorite subject of Jacques-Louis David, former Emperor of France.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c98ff716a99490b9cac832c39fa25a2",
            "input": "In the presence of ethanol and sodium, these compounds can be reduced to primary alcohols in a reaction named after Bouveault and Blanc. The heterocyclic amine of DMAP attacks the less-hindered carbonyl of an anhydride to form an intermediate that reacts with alcohol to produce one of these in one reaction. A reaction that forms another type of these compounds is reacts a ketone with a peroxyacid. Both of those reactions, the (*) Yamaguchi and BaeyerVilliger reactions, can synthesize the cyclic version of these compounds, which are called lactones. They can be synthesized in by heating carboxylic acids with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst. For 10 points, name this functional group which has a carbon single-bonded to one oxygen and double bonded to another, commonly created in a reaction named for Fischer.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c19419e3ebd441058c006eab6ac87419",
            "input": "For an RLC circuit, the frequency associated with this effect is where impedance is at a minimum. Substances can be analyzed through a technique that uses the nuclear magnetic form of this effect. That technique's commonly used medical variant is called MRI. This effect causes the amplitude of a system to hit a maximum. For a vibrating string, the frequencies of this are multiples of the fundamental. For 10 points, name this effect where the frequency of the input force equals the natural frequency of the system.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c553c5138e749bfb62d67554494d819",
            "input": "This element can be detected in a test that uses strips of paper sensitized with mercuric chloride placed in a bottle containing granulated zinc, water, and hydrochloric acid. Another test for this element precipitates metallic silver out of a silver nitrate solution after a compound containing this element is reacted with nascent hydrogen. Those tests, named respectively for Gutzeit and Marsh, are used to distinguish this element from antimony. Paul Erlich developed syphilis-treating drugs containing this element, such as atoxyl and Salvarsan. More modern drugs containing it include Mel B, which is used to treat trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness. People who were given it tended to have brick red-colored mucosa on the post-mortem. For 10 points, name this element famed as a poison.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9660f70a8a9144a2aa74630d680138c0",
            "input": "The Bar Confederation fought for the independence of this nation. The thirteenth of the Fourteen Points called for this country's establishment and its access to the sea. The Piasts were one line of kings from this nation, which was home to a parliament called the Sejm (\"\"SAME\"\"). This thrice-partitioned nation was the birthplace of Pope (*) John Paul II. For 10 points, name this country whose first post-communist president was Lech Walesa, who started the Solidarity union in this nation's Gdansk shipyards.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b740998072b24b0caae6202f43546070",
            "input": "Giovanni Bologna did a statue of this title which was set in marble in 1583 in the Loggia dei Lanzi. In the better known painting of the name, an elderly woman appears at the center who would later serve as the model for a figure in Delacroix's Massacre at Chios. A man robed in orange looks on the action from the upper left, while the grouping of a woman with left arm extended, grabbed around the waist by a man, is repeated 6 times from different angles in the painting. FTP, what is this 1636 work, which depicts a famous abduction from early Roman history, by Nicolas Poussin",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d29878b0c02f4381abd0062132458899",
            "input": "Theobald V of Blois died during a siege in this conflict, and Frederick VI of Swabia attempted to preserve the body of a ruler who died en route to this conflict using vinegar. That Holy Roman Emperor allegedly died of a heart attack upon entering the cold water of the Cillica river en route to it, and a late victory in it saw the heroic rescue of Christians garrisoned at a Citadel in Jaffa. Cyprus was captured while its main commander was en route to the siege of Acre. Prompted by the fall of Jerusalem after the defeat of Guy of Lusignan and Raymond III at Hattin to Saladin, FTP, identify this crusade led by Phillip Augustus and Richard I, also known as the King's Crusade.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94808774615148c9bc672ad7d5ca0fd3",
            "input": "The Treaty of Fort Stanwix involved acquisition of land south of this river. In the late 1700's, this river was the southern boundary of the Northwest Territory. The mouth of this river is located in Cairo, Illinois and this river flows through such cities as Wheeling and Evansville. The Wabash is one of the largest tributaries of this river. In the heart of Pittsburgh, this river is formed by the joining of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers. For 10 points, name this river which as its name suggests forms the southern border of a state with capital at Columbus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-54ed6f6c4aff49e98772dc209e5abc92",
            "input": "In one painting by this man, the subject wears a red hat with a violet flower and stuffs a jagged, blue handkerchief into her mouth. That painting depicts his sorrowful looking lover Dora Maar. This artist of Weeping Woman depicted a harlequin playing a clarinet next to a figure holding a guitar. In the middle of one of his paintings, a flower emerges from a broken sword. This artist of Three Musicians painted five prostitutes looking at the viewer in another work, and he also depicted a horse crying out in anguish after the bombing of a Basque town. For 10 points, name this Spanish Cubist painter of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon and Guernica.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d96a7b5f38d94d25a019f5ed0a5ccea1",
            "input": "The Voluspa states that this figure and his wife lie under a grove of hot springs, and later refers to him as the brother of Byleist. This figure killed a man in the form of an otter, paying the weregild for that death with gold stolen from Andvari. This killer of Fimafeng was punished with the death of his son Narfi, whose entrails were used to bind him to a tree. This god writhes in agony as a snake drips venom on his face, which occurs whenever Sigyn has to empty the poison bowl. This god arms Hoder with a sharpened sprig of mistletoe, which is used to kill Balder. The father of Hel, for 10 points, name this trickster god of Norse mythology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0950b95d73414d6ba61f418d41a2f2d9",
            "input": "Late onset of this disease is correlated with having two mutant alleles of ApoE4. Galantamine and rivastigmine are common treatments for this illness, in which overexcitement of glutamate receptors can cause nerve cell death. Microtubule disintegration occurs in this disease due to hyperphosphorylation of (*) tau protein. Sufferers of this disease exhibit degeneration of the cerebral cortex, as well as aggregations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, neurofibrillary tangles, and amyloid plaques. For 10 points, name this most common form of dementia.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2086f426dd86420d89faf6076906b71d",
            "input": "The parity of these types of interactions may be determined by examining the aggregate marginal utility and private marginal utility curves; these interactions are not occurring where those curves are the same. The positional form of these phenomena results from a perceived need to one-up competitors. Pigouvian taxes are designed to cease these phenomena, which comprise a common market failure when barriers to resolution exist. These are formally defined as effects from a transaction experienced by non-parties to the transaction and can be positive, in which case they are also called Merit goods, or negative, as exemplified by pollution. For 10 points, name these economic phenomena that will practically resolve themselves under certain conditions according to Coases theorem.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24c7df5aabfe4c3bb131e177a5e3e954",
            "input": "An empty bottle and one or two other small objects sit on a curved-legged wooden table in one corner of this painting, which also features a background of red drapes with a curtain pull hanging from the top of this painting. A bed at the center of this painting is covered in yellow clothes, and the red clothes on that bed spill on to the floor. The central figure of this painting wears a yellow pendant on a chain. A cows head with inwardly lit eyes comes out of shadows at the back of this painting and looks over the shoulder of another creature in this painting. For ten points, identify this painting in which a terrifying small brown creature sits on the chest of a prostate sleeping woman in white, which is a work by Henry Fuseli.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-91ef917c5b9048dbb0bf1e2a6a14f612",
            "input": "This conflict saw the last combat between fighter planes with piston engines fought and resulted in electoral success for the PCN, or National Conciliation Party. It was provoked by the eviction of squatting peasants who, it was feared, would return to their homeland and foment rebellion against rich landowners there. Lasting six days in July of 1969, it ended with a cease-fire brokered by the Organization of American States. For ten points, identify this war between Honduras and El Salvador given its name because it occurred soon after a series of FIFA qualifying matches.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56c5b7c90e084adabdaaa51dc9ccafcc",
            "input": "His botched funeral saw his relatives forced to pay sixty schillings for his gravesite on the spot, and may have been marred with a fire or his bowels exploding when he was shoved into his sarcophagus. His marriage to a cousin required that they donate the Mens and Womens abbeys, dedicated to St. Stephen. His loyal advisers included his half-brothers Robert and Odo, who was instrumental in putting down a revolt led by Ralph de Guader. He forced the nobles of his kingdom to swear allegiance at the Oath of Salisbury, and he faced resistance from the pretender Edgar Aetheling. He elevated the Archbishop of Canterbury over York in the Accord of Winchester, put down the Revolt of the Earls, and married Matilda of Flanders. For 10 points, name this Domesday-Book-authoring, Battle-of-Hastings-winning first Norman king of England.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-07c0c71a5e304dc5a67b1d6d94cf806a",
            "input": "In Maori mythology, Maui owns one of these objects that becomes the South Island of New Zealand. In Norse mythology, Frey owns one named Skidbladnir that can fit in a pocket but hold all the gods. Another one of these objects in Norse myth is made from fingernails and called Naglfar. Another one of these objects fits through the Symplegades rocks and carries Atalanta, Heracles, and Jason on the quest for the Golden Fleece. For 10 points, the Argo is an example of what floating object",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e2878e10456c4cdb9a9c7ad713751a36",
            "input": "This state contains Mount Columbia and Mount Oxford in its Collegiate Peaks. This state's capital city was built on Sloan's Lake and lies near the confluence of Cherry Creek and the South Platte River. (*) Cripple Creek is in this state, which also contains Great Sand Dunes National Park. The Spruce Tree House and the Cliff Palace are in this state's Mesa Verde National Park. For 10 points, name this state that contains Mount Elbert, Pike's Peak, and the Air Force Academy and has cities such as Aspen, Boulder, and Denver.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8b850c7a56d4adbb945296f6342bff7",
            "input": "This man collected a treatise classifying the title entities into \"calm\" and \"violent\" types with considerable moralistic resonance, along with a work of aesthetics describing the interaction of innate human sentiment and critical faculty, into his Four Dissertation. Those essays \"Of Passions\" and \"Of the Standard of Taste,\" are far more direct than a meandering work arguing that warfare and shoddy masonry must had made the ancient world far less inhabited than the modern. That work, \"Populousness of Ancient Nations\" was collected along with works like \"Idea of a Perfect Commonwealth\" in another collection by this man. A Thomas Macauley work replaced this author's (*) History of England as the standard text on the subject, while in another work Pamphilus recounts the debates between Cleanthes, Philo, and Demea about the existence of god. This author of Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary and Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion articulated the \"is-ought\" problem and was credited with awaking Kant from his \"dogmatic slumber. \" FTP, name this Scottish philosopher who wrote A Treatise of Human Nature and An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2504f7bda59a424b82113aa8f902efa3",
            "input": "This author outlined four \"victim positions\" characteristic of a certain country's literature in Survival. In a novel by this author, Simon Jordan investigates the title character, who was institutionalized after allegedly murdering her employer Thomas Kinnear. Newspaper clippings and excerpts from a fictional pulp novel about the planet Zycron punctuate a novel by this author about Alex Thomas, Richard (*) Griffen, and Iris and Laura Chase. This author of Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin penned a novel set in the theocratic Republic of Gilead, in which increasing sterility causes men like the Commander to employ concubines like Offred, the title character. For 10 points, name this female Canadian author of The Handmaid's Tale.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06c961def41242a4a2551d4d5f87637b",
            "input": "Some 37 delegates were killed in Mechanics Hall in this city while drafting a new constitution. This city hosted the unsuccessful World Cotton Centennial in 1884. During the Civil War, the so-called \"Women's Order\" issued in this city made it a crime to insult (+) Union soldiers, although that order eventually led to the removal of Benjamin Butler as its military commander. This city fell to Union forces under the command of David Farragut in the Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. French representatives (*) relinquished control of this city from its Cabildo statehouse following a massive land transfer to the US in 1803. For 10 points, name this site of a battle where General Packenham's soldiers were defeated by those under Andrew Jackson after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb6e506e86dd4f4aad77d0d3470d75d6",
            "input": "His late works include a depiction of a doleful \"cottage girl\" who holds a pitcher in her right hand and a dog in her left hand, as well as a depiction of Actaeon surprising Diana and her attendants. His early works include the desolate Landscape with Sandpit and a self-portrait with a woman in a voluminous pink dress who is probably his wife. One of his most famous works is set at the Auberies and features an enclosed pasture of grazing sheep, a girl named Frances Mary Carter, and a man wearing a three-cornered hat and holding a rifle. Another of his paintings shows his children Margaret and Mary chasing a butterfly, while he made portraits of William Wollaston, the Duchess of Cumberland, and the Honorable Mrs. Thomas Graham. FTP, name this artist who famously depicted Mr. and Mrs. Robert Andrews, as well as a notorious boy dressed in blue clothing.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2db5ab029c49425ba4846e81a6b31573",
            "input": "Debye was able to derive a formula for specific heat of a solid by summing their energies over the vibrational modes of the solid. Like photons, they obey Bose-Einstein statistics, and can thus be considered bosons. They play a central role in the BCS theory of superconductivity by interacting with electrons and connecting them in Cooper pairs. FTP, name these objects, the quanitized vibrations of an atomic lattice.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e4562b0f3980423e996678c79a6b634f",
            "input": "One model that explains the allosteric change in this protein is the Monod, Wyman, and Changeux model. The Koshland, Nemethy, and Filmer model states that one subunit's change in the structure of this protein promotes conformotional state changes in adjacent subunits. This molecule fluctuates between T and R states. 2,3-bi-phospho-glycerate and inositol hexa-phosphate act to promote the disassociation between this protein and the molecule that it most commonly binds to. The fact that the aforementioned disassociation is promoted when this protein is at low pHs is called the Bohr effect. The carbamation of its N-terminal amino groups allows this protein to carry carbon dioxide. For 10 points, name this iron-containing protein found in red blood cells, responsible for carrying oxygen.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8b349bff836459fb531355480c28199",
            "input": "A Roman statue that may depict this figure, a replica of a Lysippos bronze, portrays him hunched over while fastening his right sandal. In another sculpture of this figure, he points skywards with his right hand while he balances on his left foot, stepping on a column of air blown from Zephyr. That bronze is by Giambologna. A marble of this figure nude is missing his right arm, while a cloak is draped over his left arm which cradles the infant Dionysus in a work by Praxiteles. For 10 points, name this god often depicted with a winged hat, winged ankles and a staff with two snakes intertwined around it, the caduceus.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be560b54b981442f96fd6f188b0a4205",
            "input": "This composer reworked his fifth symphony, stitching together the first two movements. That work's finale features a theme inspired by the sight of sixteen swans. An early five-movement symphonic choral work by this man was in 5/4 and tells the story of six cantos of his country's national epic, wherein the title character seduces his sister. He wrote a cycle of Four Legends from that epic, including one featuring the (*) Maidens of the Island. One of his nationalist pieces was played under the title Impromptu so that Russian authorities would not pick up on its message. The aforementioned cycle includes \"The Swan of Tuonela\" and is also called the Lemminkainen Suite. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote the patriotic Finlandia.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb6284509826495e942ba9df6ade45d1",
            "input": "This sculptor unusually emphasized the figure of Iakchus in his trio Demeter, Kore, and Iakchus, which was designed for the Eleusinian Mysteries. His statue of a Pouring Satyr was made for his favorite model, the courtesan Phryne. One of this sculptor's works was rejected by the citizens of Kos and shows its main figure holding a piece of clothing in her left hand draped over an urn. A deity watches as a lizard climbs up a tree without any leaves in his statue that may symbolize the slaying of the python, Apollo Sauroktonos. He created the first full size female nude, Aphrodite of Knidos, but he may be better known for a sculpture in which a deity looks at a baby that is perched on his left arm. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek sculptor of Hermes and the Infant Dionysos.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e683b8b1dd3a4394b1f0c2b65b29d8f3",
            "input": "James Wood argued in his essay about this man's \"Complacent God\" that his writing was more style than content. He has written about a New Jersey teenager who attempted to bomb the Lincoln Tunnel, and published a poetry collection called \"Endpoint\" and essays called \"Due Considerations. \" In one story, he writes that Stokesie has \"two babies chalked up on his fuselage already,\" and the main character lusts after Queenie, an unknown girl in a bathing suit. Most of his novels are set in fictional Olinger, Pennsylvania and Eastwick, Rhode Island, and they including the Bech books, Buchanan stories, and \"The Scarlet Letter\" trilogy, while he is best known for a trilogy involving one character, whose first book ends with the pregnancy of his mistress after his legitimate daughter is accidentally drowned. For 10 points, name this American author of Terrorist and \"A&P\" best known for his character Harry \"Rabbit\" Angstrom.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6758d03bd85048cda2b967796a8333bd",
            "input": "One of these phenomena almost caused the destruction of the Aeta people and Clark Air Base, while a recent one in the United States was classified as Pelean. Lake Toba was formed by one of these actions and tuya form when this action occurs beneath a glacier. In February 2001, the most severe recorded instance of this action in the solar system took place on [*] Io. These actions produce tephra, which can be classified as blocks, bombs, or lapilli, and they can form calderas and pyroclastic flows. For 10 points, name these lava-spewing actions performed by explosive mountains like Vesuvius and Mt. St. Helens, one of which caused the burial of Pompeii.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0be1ebdcdd34105a1cf569fa5e58f24",
            "input": "Following his resignation due to a failed harvest, the pipiolos and Diego Portales jockeyed for power. Jose Miguel Carrera shifted allegiances to and from this man, and led the aristocratic opposition to his rule. The illegitimate son of the viceroy of Peru, he led the army that was defeated at Rancagua. Later, he was one of two men who led the victory at Chacabuco, along with Jose de San Martin. For 10 points, name this South American revolutionary, who from 1817 to 1823 was the ruler of Chile.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e49481daa7e148d59515d99b4fa88256",
            "input": "According to Giorgio Vasari, this artist's first commission was a stone carving of the Annunciation for the Church of Santa Croce [CROH-chay]. This artist's wealthiest patron commissioned him to create a bronze statue of Judith and Holofernes, and he also depicted a bald prophet in his Zuccone [zook-KOH-nay]. Three guilds commissioned this sculptor to design statues of various patron saints that sit in the Orsanmichele, in his home town. This sculptor created an equestrian statue of Erasmo da Narni in Padua, but is best known for sculpting a free-standing nude commissioned by the Medici family, in which the title figure holds Goliath's sword. Name this sculptor of Gattamelata and a bronze David.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-37e6888957454aa09d55ca14ee285cd3",
            "input": "In 1998, researchers at Bell Labs measured the anisotropy of the Compton profile for the most common example of this, showing that there is some wavefunction coherence and thus a covalent component to this. Beijer and others constructed a self-complementary molecule, diacetyl diaminotriazine, which could undergo this type of interaction in four locations simultaneously, alternating donors and acceptors. The strongest form is bifluoride, which is a three-center, four-electron bond, and this interaction is best described in most cases as a proton in a potential well. FTP, identify this interaction which holds DNA base pairs together, accounts for waters high boiling point, and is named after an atom involved.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65e0605240cf4e8b99c061685afffe31",
            "input": "This man satirized the Belgian Congo in one essay, King Leopolds Soliloquy, while in another, he described and enumerate Fenimore Coopers Literary Offenses. Fictional works by this man include a short story about a mysterious man who leaves 40,000 dollars in gold to the Richards family and another about the gambler Jim Smiley. His novels include one he co-wrote with Charles Dudley Warner, The Gilded Age, as well as the detective story Puddnhead Wilson. For 10 points, name this author of The Man that Corrupted Hadleyberg and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a3d5c9ebacd4b699c30f795fea2a5a5",
            "input": "It is prefaced with a Greek quote from Plato, which makes an allusion to Hesperus. It has since been revealed that the critic John Wilson Croker was the subject of the line, \"Light on his head, who pierced thy innocent breast,\" in this poem. Later, a reference to the Irish poet, Thomas Moore is made with the line, \"The sweetest lyrist of her saddest wrong,\" and Chatterton, Sidney, and Lucan are also praised, though 15 stanzas forward. It ends, \"Beacons from the abode where the Eternal are,\" and begins with the poet weeping for the title character, who has not lived to fulfill his promise. FTP, name this elegy to John Keats written by Percy Shelley.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d283220e24fd4ce492bce5e075c58e7d",
            "input": "This man's artistic influences included his stepfather Peter Pelham and the late Rocoist Joseph Blackburn, who created the \"portrait d'apparat\" technique which this man used to depict Epes Sargent and Baron Graham. This painter of The Red Cross Knight depicted a man suffering a stroke in Parliament in The Death of Chatham and an animal on a gold chain near a glass of water in another work. For 10 points, name this painter of Boy With a Squirrel who showed a distressed man being pulled back into a boat in Havana harbor in Watson and the Shark.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2b41d2c5f5504bdaaaa76a676a02371c",
            "input": "A ubiquitin ligase that marks specific proteins which the 26S proteasome breaks down is known as its (*) promoting complex, and in plants, the step immediately following it features vesicles moving along the phragmoplast. The step preceding it is ended by inactivation of cyclin dependent kinases, and the kinetochore fibers become shorter during this step. Chromatid pairs separate into identical chromosomes, which are subsequently pulled to the poles by the spindle fibers. FTP, identify this step of cell division that follows metaphase.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93aaec46ccfc41a9b7b8e0c63c7d88d0",
            "input": "This property is changed by the Walden inversion. Changing only this property for an alcohol involves using tosyl chloride and pyridine, then adding sodium acetate and THF, and finally adding potassium hydroxide and water. This property is not possessed by meso compounds, and it can be visualized using Fischer projections. Pasteur found this property in tartaric acid, and glycine is the only amino acid lacking it. A mixture of products with this property is said to be racemic. Molecules with this property are designated R or S in the CIP system. Name this concept of a compound's \"handedness,\" which describes compounds with a non-superimposable mirror image.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c2681348a6d4ecc9160ce966794c0e7",
            "input": "The artist composed this work by first dividing it into four groups of men. The first group includes a man in the background pulling at his hair in frustration, and an older man in the foreground staring blankly with his arm draped over the body of his deceased son. A second group consists of four men huddled together, on the lookout for something in the distance. A third group includes a man with a dead body draped over his legs, struggling to stand up in excitement for a ship that has been identified in the distance. A final group of men waves their clothing in the air while mounted upon some barrels to attract the attention of the vessel Argus. FTP, identify this 1819 painting which depicts the remaining crew of a French frigate by Thodore Gricault.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d41fc9380bc44d4921f1541616a3705",
            "input": "He took part in a \"secret meeting\" held at the home of Mary Talbert which helped found a notable organization. This editor of Atlanta University's quarterly Phylon wrote in another work about the death of his child, in the chapter \"the Passing Of The First-Born\". One article by this man cited the examples of Alexander Crummell and Benjamin Banneker to emphasize the importance of educating black intellectuals, and was a longtime editor of Crisis magazine. Writer of \"The Talented Tenth\", and founder of both the Niagra Movement and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, for 10 points, name this opponent of Booker T. Washington's policy of accommodation, author of The Souls of Black Folk.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-504ca92f692c480c9b9e3a594eaaf90c",
            "input": "Mikhail Tsvet coined the term when he discovered this technique while doing research on plant pigments. He did this by making a solution of his samples with ether and alcohol, then running this solution over powdered sugar or calcium carbonate columns to extract pigments. Other varieties of this technique use paper or finely ground silica or alumina on top of a glass plate or film as the stationary phase, while gases and liquids are common mobile phases. For 10 points, name this laboratory technique that makes use of each component of a mixtures differing affinities for the stationary phase in order to separate out these components.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8bd69cd71dc44fffaa87a907e84f41e3",
            "input": "This composer revised Anton Seidl's orchestration of his piano pieces for a suite that included a new arrangement of his \"Shepherd's Boy\". The original version of one movement by him concludes with a male chorus singing \"Kill him! Kill him!\" at its climax. One work by him opens with a pentatonic melody for flute in 6/8 time over alternating E major and C-sharp minor chords. That work by him includes a mazurka for strings and triangle. He included an arrangement of his \"March of the Dwarves\" in his Lyric Suite. A timpani roll directly precedes the entrance of the pianist at the opening of his Piano Concerto in A minor. Incidental music he wrote spawned suites including the movements \"Morning Mood\" and \"In the Hall of the Mountain King\". For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer of the Peer Gynt Suites.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1ac3a20877024f08aa263a2cfffec46a",
            "input": "This compound is produced with graphite in the Bosch reaction, and organic reactions in this medium have been demonstrated to be faster than in toluene and cyclohexane by Sharpless. This compound notably has a solid-liquid boundary with a (*) negative slope on a phase diagram, and the absolute temperature scale is based on this compound's triple point. It is produced with carbon dioxide during combustion, and this molecule has a bent geometry and two lone pairs, allowing the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds that reduce its density when solid. For ten points, identify this \"universal solvent\" with formula H2O.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ba0187297cb4c41b75741e2782c6956",
            "input": "This man insisted that he was lobbying for a relaxation of sugar rations to help beet farmers in his constituency, leading to his nickname as the \"Pepsi-Cola Kid.\" The Hennings report questioned various aspects of this man's finances. Millard Tydings led a committee that challenged this man. During a course of hearings this man had with the (*) Army, Joseph Welch asked him if he had \"\"no sense of decency. \"\" For 10 points, name this Senator from Wisconsin who led the communist \"\"witch hunts\"\" during the 1950s.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ca36d28a78974223b4eb104e4fc39353",
            "input": "In a regular Sturm-Liouville problem, the spectrum of these numbers is discrete and semi-infinite. There is a conjecture that, for some positive operator, the zeroes of the Riemann zeta function are in fact this type of value, whose magnitudes can be bound by the size of matrix elements using Schur's inequalities. Symbolized lambda, they can be found by setting to zero the determinant of the matrix minus lambda times the identity matrix or by finding the roots of the* characteristic equation. FTP, what are these values that reveal by how much matrix multiplication changes their corresponding eigenvectors",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5f5523013d241a5842394aa1e3d471e",
            "input": "The flux-flow coefficient for this effect in type II superconductors is directly proportional to the Hall effect coefficient. The basic equations involving it were formulated by Lord Kelvin and are now considered a special case of the generalized Onsager relations. One source of it is phonon-electron collision, or drag, in the material, which can be estimated from the lattice heat capacity, and the other source, charge carrier diffusion, from Mott theory. When its coefficient is multiplied by the Thomson coefficient, the Peltier coefficient is produced. FTP, name this effect where a potential difference is created by a temperature gradient, utilized in thermocouples.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6bfd0aa04ef46a29d09f57aee169d75",
            "input": "This author termed Kafka, Broch, Musil, and Gombrowicz the pleiad of Central Europes great novelists in an interview about his book The Art of the Novel. He wrote about five days in the life of the jazz trumpeter Klima in The Farewell Waltz and satirized romanticism in a novel about the poet Jaromil, Life is Elsewhere. Better known are a novel in which a postcard containing the phrase Long Live Trotsky! gets Ludvik Jahn in trouble with the Communist Party and a novel about the lives of Franz, Sabina, Tereza, and the surgeon Tomas in the wake of the Prague Spring. FTP, name this Czech author of The Joke, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, and The Unbearable Lightness of Being.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d6de65db85b44c8b07be8d4c65ead68",
            "input": "The scherzo of one work by this composer was inspired by \"Walpurgis Night's Dream\" from Goethe's [\"Gur-tuh's\"] Faust and replaced the minuet in his first symphony. This composer of a String Octet in E-flat major included a high F-sharp in the \"Here Ye Israel\" section of his Elijah oratorio, and quoted a work inspired by a trip to (*) Fingal's Cave in his Scottish Symphony. His fifth symphony honors Martin Luther's Augsburg Confession and incorporates \"A Mighty Fortress is Our God\" in its final  movement. For ten points, name this composer of the Reformation Symphony, the Hebrides [\"HEH- brih-dees\"] Overture, and incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2c0efa39d7f74f0ab782f29e389c4118",
            "input": "During this man's reign, the Earl of Surrey killed James IV and about 10,000 Scots at the Battle of Flodden Field. The Pilgrimage of Grace was a demonstration against this man's policies. The Book of Common Prayer was written by his Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer. The Act of Supremacy grew out of Thomas Wolsey's failure to persuade Pope Clement VII to annul this man's first marriage. For 10 points, name this man whose divorce from Catherine of Aragon and marriage to Anne Boleyn sparked the English Reformation.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65084ee0c74348529677de88b56d3320",
            "input": "This artist drew a marriage portrait whose right side shows the temple of Juno, while the couple leans against an ivy-covered tree in the left foreground beside a thistle representing the pains of birth. In another one of his paintings a child holding a lute wears a feathered beret suggesting the piece is an allegory for hearing because a feather on one's head legendarily corresponds to strong sensitivity. Along with Yonker Ramp and his Sweetheart and Two Boys Singing, his only full length, life-size portrait shows a man holding a black sword who is standing in front of a burgundy drape, while a rose bush at his feet indicates the transience of love that made him a bachelor. Another piece has derisively come to be called \"The Meager Company\" and that work depicts Captain Reynier Raenal's crossbow regiment. In addition to his portrait of Willem van Heythuyzen, one of works acquired its misleading title from a Victorian exhibition organized by Richard Wallace. An owl perches on the left shoulder of an old woman opening a tankard in his Malle Babbe and he did several group portraits of the St. George and St. Hadrian Civic Guards. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist who painted The Jolly Topper and The Laughing Cavalier.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a21bc7f7d34945b3871bdc47f5ac9116",
            "input": "One rebellion against this dynasty included a group entering a shrine claiming Dervish Reza would bring Mir Faghfur back to life, while another revolt during this dynasty was led by the Nuqtavi Darvish Khusraw. Another Nuqtavi, the Mulla Qasim, called for the abdication of one ruler of this dynasty. That ruler of this dynasty gave control of the royal guard to the Shaykhavand cabal, and that ruler modernized his army with the aid of Robert Sherley. The second ruler of this dynasty signed the Treaty of Amasya with an enemy which had earlier defeated that ruler's father at the battle of Chaldiran. This dynasty was founded by a group known for wearing red hats, the Qizilbash. For 10 points, name this dynasty whose rulers included Tahmasp I, its founder Ismail I, and Abbas the Great.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-23c9cb09bda84cb8a0dc460c72fb1b06",
            "input": "Martin and Primavesi recently discovered a fragment of this thinkers treatise On Nature. This man wrote the poem Katharmoi, but Aristotle excluded this mans works from the Poetics because while it was written in hexameter, it does not characterize its subject matter as a representation of life. OBrien, Wright, and Aristotle all claimed that this man adhered to a cyclical view of the universe, and this thinker also argued that human limbs once lived on their own. He wrote an autobiography known as the Purifications, in which he said that he was a vegetarian because animals contain transmigrated human souls. This man believed that all matter was once a sphere, which dissolved into the present world. He argued that neikos and philia drove the world, with strife separating substances and love bringing them together. This Sicilian is said to have died by throwing himself into Mt. Etna. For ten points, name this pre-Socratic philosopher who argued that the world was divided into four elements: water, earth, wind, and fire.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d5e878be5bb6433c8c6e2ef642c18bd2",
            "input": "After initiation into the Khalsa (KAHL-sah) in this religion, adherents must wear a wooden comb, known as the \"kanga\"(KAHN-gah), and a steel bracelet, known as the \"kara\" (KAH-rah), which are two of the five K's. Arjun (AR-joon) Dev compiled this religion's holy text, the Adi Granth, which contains many of the sayings of the first leader, or guru, of this religion. For 10 points, identify this religion founded by Nanak, whose adherents are mostly found in the Punjab region.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4046549ece94511a11846368241537c",
            "input": "Three of the islands in this group voted for independence in 1975, while Mayotte chose to remain a French dependency. Its first president was Ahmed Abdallah Abderrahman, who was assassinated in 1989. Its highest peak is Karthala, a still-active volcano on the largest island of this group. Other islands include Mwali and Nzwani, which were formerly known as Anjouan and Mohli. Located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, FTP, identify this island nation with capital at Moroni.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93069b847f2a46eca0a0f0533b4be6c4",
            "input": "Instead of employing the Debye-Hull-Scherrer powder method, its namesakes relied on an array of atomic planes. Its namesakes built a vacuum apparatus and employed a hot filament, an accelerating electrode, and an arc-mounted Faraday box. A leak in the vacuum led its namesakes to heat the target, resulting in crystallized nickel, which gave startling results. A plot of collector current against beam energy was explained by constructive interference, and the results in general could be derived by combining Bragg's equation with the de Broglie wavelength for electrons. FTP name this experiment named for two physicists, which proved that electrons diffract.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b7ed8de20786483ca3beaa55d6396983",
            "input": "In September 2013, one probe to this celestial body became the first deep space mission launched from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport. A Chinese probe to this body is scheduled for launch in December 2013. The Ranger and Surveyor spacecrafts were the first American ones to explore its surface, and the 1994 Clementine mission imaged this body from orbit. Google sponsors a private competition to land a rover on this body through the X Prize Foundation. A Soviet probe took the first pictures of the \"far side\" of this body, which is currently being mapped by the LRO. Lor 10 points, name the only extraterrestrial body that has been visited by human explorers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-99aa4e98283346179a15dd554ee100c4",
            "input": "The final step in this compound's biosynthesis requires the action of O-acetylserine lyase, and the N-acetylated form of this compound is used to treat acetominophen overdoses. This amino acid is prenylated in Rab escort protein, and it also recieves a radical from a tyrosine residue in the mechanism of ribonucleotide reductase. A \"knot\" of these residues is present in TGF-beta, and the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes contain one of these residues in the active site. Two of these residues and two histidines coordinate zinc in the zinc finger motif, and with glycine and glutamate it forms the peptide glutathione. A derivative of this amino acid is present in the active site of glutathione peroxidase, this amino acids' \"seleno-\" variety. It is also responsible for stabilizing tertiary structure by forming disulfide bonds. FTP, name this amino acid with a thiol side chain, with one-letter abbreviation C.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5dd36d651d3436d94cb5aa49aae679a",
            "input": "One king of this name and number married Joan of Navarre and fended off the \"Epiphany Uprising. \" Another king by this name and number had Maximilian de Bethune, Duke de Sully negotiate the Peace of Savoy, but was assassinated by Francois Ravalliac. Yet another ruler of this name and number dealt with the rise of anti-king Rudolf of Swabia, and had installed Clement III as pope, though he had earlier traveled to Canossa to reconcile with Pope Gregory VII. For 10 points, identify this name and number shared by the Holy Roman Emperor involved in the Investiture controversy as well as the Bourbon king of Navarre who declared that \"Paris is worth a Mass. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9414d92512a042dfbcc4dc159abe397e",
            "input": "plays set in the Roman Empire include Berenice and Britannicus, and he dramatized a tragedy about Hippolytus. For 15 points, name this 17th century French playwright of Andromaque and Phaedra.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8ecb975107184bfabf3027f3e278e041",
            "input": "This property is the only one responsible for the direction of time's arrow. The change in this quantity multiplied by temperature and subtracted from the change in enthalpy gives Gibb's free energy. This property is measured in joules per Kelvin. The value of this quantity will either remain the same or increase according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. For 10 points, name this measure that can never decrease in a closed system, and which is a measure of the amount of disorder in a system.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29a610cb600b4223a6acadd58c2da568",
            "input": "This deity owns the fourth Ratna, which is believed to be the most valuable stone. Bheeshma recites all of this god's thousand names, and Antaryami and Vibhava are among the five different forms this deity takes. He kills Hiranyaksha in the form of a boar. This deity is depicted holding a (*) lotus flower and conch shell, and he rides the bird Garuda. This god's ninth incarnation is considered to be either Balarama or the Buddha. His tenth incarnation, called Kalki, will destroy the world. Lord Rama and Krishna are avatars of, for ten points, what preserver god and wife of Lakshmi who composes the Hindu trimurti along with Brahma and Shiva",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-94f704362f8b42e5b8eb22cf4a199352",
            "input": "One poem by this author opens \"deep in the shady sadness of a vale\" and describes the titular Titan. Another poem tells of how Cortez stared into the Pacific while standing on a peak in Darien. This poet of \"On First Looking Into Chapman's Homer\" told of a knight taken to an \"elfin grot\" in \"La Belle Dame Sans Merci.\" In one poem he wrote \"Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird!\" while another poem ends by declaring that \"beauty is truth, truth beauty.\" For 10 points, name this English poet who wrote \"Ode to a Nightingale\" and \"Ode on a Grecian Urn.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-36a0c1f3f4d645e39568bf7f0fc6c960",
            "input": "Towns on the banks of this body of water include Nguigmi and Bol, from which an archipelago extends. This body contains the territorially disputed Darak Island and the Kofia Islands. Fed principally by the Logone River and most importantly the Shari River, the expedition of Hugh Clapperton became the first European one to see this body of water. It dispatched Dixon Denham to study the area surrounding it, especially those areas which had seen the rise of the Kanem-Bornu Empire, for which it served as a geographic center. FTP, name this lake which has shrunk to less than one-tenth its size in the 1960s and situated squarely at the junction of Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, and its namesake African country.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f3dcd695c6364822b618ff8f1cd74cb7",
            "input": "Fourteen years after this battle, Tithraustes, the illegitimate son of the commander of the losing side, would fight a similar type of battle at the Eurymedon River. Prior to this battle, one side had dug a channel across the Isthmus of Actium to avoid the peaks of Mt. Athos, and a side engagement following this conflict involved the forces of Aristides dispatching a garrison at Psyttaleia. The victors at this battle had earlier suffered a defeat at Artemisium, and following this battle, the losers suffered a defeat at Mychale and another at Plataea. The success of the winning side in this battle depended on a false message sent to the loser intimating that the winning commander was ready to betray his side. For ten points, identify this 480 B.C.E. naval battle, a victory for Themistocles over the forces of Xerxes. \r",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93944ff7c162488abeed50afe8c49cba",
            "input": "In one of this man's paintings, a man wearing a purple robe and a gold chain adopts a St. Francis-like pose as a painter brandishes a gun at him. An ancient fresco of Hercules and Telephus inspired the central figure's cheek-touching pose in his portrait of Madame Moitessier. This painter of Aretino and Tintoretto depicted a nude in front of a rock wall pouring water from a jug in The Source and painted a tondo in which a woman plays mandolin for a group of nudes called The (*) Turkish Bath. Moliere holds a mask near the feet of a green-clad woman with an oar in a painting by this man that depicts Herodotus burning incense as the Universe lowers a laurel wreath onto its subject's head. For 10 points, name this French painter of The Apotheosis of Homer, who depicted a woman with a few too many vertebrae in his Grande Odalisque.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e30169d82bbd414384e2942a2b7e417b",
            "input": "The second part opens with a woman on \"a burnished throne\" and ends with another woman at a bar telling her friend Lil about her decision to sleep with Albert. In this work, the Moon shines on Mrs. Porter and her daughter who wash their feet in soda water, a moment that is followed by a memory of Tereus raping Philomela. The middle section features Tiresias lamenting his man breasts and the final fragment features a cock standing on a rooftree calling out \"Co co rico,\" which brings a flash of lightning and then, rain. That part, \"What the Thunder Said,\" concludes with the repetition of the word \"Shantih. \" FTP, identify this work full of footnotes; a modernist poem dedicated to Ezra Pound and written by T.S. Eliot.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e9fe4cb563cd47d28700debf034f3c97",
            "input": "Galois theory can be applied to the symmetric type of these expressions, which also appear in Vieta's formulas. Weierstrass's theorem uses these to achieve a uniform approximation, and Cardano's theorem is used to solve a specific type of them. There are no general solutions to these expressions with degree (*) five or higher, and they can be simplified using synthetic division. Functions of this type are all continuous and differentiable, and they have at least one complex root according to the fundamental theorem of algebra. For ten points, identify these algebraic expressions that contain variables raised to a power, such as 2y and 3x plus 1.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ff1dd0676fc04f9292f04a235f34027c",
            "input": "One of his symphonies refers to his song \"O Death\" through a series of descending thirds. His opus 24 was praised for using uniquely non-Baroque- styled syncopations, and he also composed a series of 21 folk tunes for piano with four hands before rearranging them for solo piano. This composer of Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel set scripture to music in his native language instead of Latin in his A German Requiem, and composed an overture after receiving a degree from the University of Breslau. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Hungarian Dances, the Academic Festival Overture, and a famous Lullaby.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1c1bdc6b7ce9489e8ab846025222d209",
            "input": "This artist designed a papal tomb in which sculptures of Charity and Justice flank a bronze sarcophagus that a skeleton pops out of to write the Pope's name in a book. Two bodiless-but-somehow-winged putti look over a dying woman with her hands to her chest in this man's sculpture of Ludovica Albertoni in the Altieri Chapel. Louis XIV commissioned an equestrian sculpture of himself from this artist, but it so displeased the king that he put it in his garden as a statue of Marcus Curtius. This artist left behind many wax and terracotta (*) bozzetti that he made as miniatures of his work, and he used an oval plan for the Sant'Andrea al Quirinale church. This man sculpted a bearded black man sitting on a bunch of coins next to an armadillo in a large group that also features a man with a cloth over his head; over that group, this designer of the Cornaro Chapel placed a large, dove-topped Egyptian obelisk. For 10 points, name this Italian Baroque sculptor of the Fountain of the Four Rivers.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8592709e83b7460dadc1719b0ad0128f",
            "input": "The end of the introduction to this work refers to feeling the tension of the bow and the arrow and the task. This works famous concluding section was originally a letter to Heinrich von Stein and bears similarities to To the Mistral: a Dancing Song, also by this works author. Another section of the work answers the titular question with a Lamarckian evolutionary account of the aristocratic class, while yet another section contrasts philosophical laborers with actual philosophers. The latter two sections are the aphoristic We Scholars, and What is Noble while the first is From the High Mountains which is titled as an aftersong. Beginning with the question Supposing truth is a woman - what then, FTP, identify this precursor to Genealogy of Morals, a work of Friedrich Nietzsches about living in the titular state.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-63f6a3fc2a6c4189ab1ec01a24d3fac4",
            "input": "The last major land battles in this conflict were at Assietta and Lauffeld, and it is also noted for Dettingen, the last battle in which a British monarch led troops. The French took, but were forced to return, Madras in the First Carnatic War, an Indian phase of this war, while the capture and return of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island occurred in the North American phase, King George's War. Prince Charles Albert of Bavaria was one of the claimants in this war that was ended by the 1748 treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. It began with Frederick II of Prussia's failure to agree with Charles VI's Pragmatic Sanction of 1713. FTP, name this war over Maria Theresa's ascension to the throne of its namesake country with capital Vienna.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b54dfa56ac0e420ead336b11265492fa",
            "input": "Among the paintings that remain from this artists student days are Birth and The Dead Man. His portfolio Mein Leben followed Les Ames Mortes, illustrations for an edition of Gogol in his native language. His wife Virginia Haggard posed for A Red and Black World, and a man dressed in brown floats with a woman in white in The Betrothed. The titular green-faced musician stands in front of a house and a church in The Fiddler, but better-known is a self-portrait in which he paints a horse with his seven-fingered hand. Also known for his stained glass windos, this is, FTP, what artist of a work featuring a cows head and the tree of life, I and the Village.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a2ce62e9c8164bff93ce0458b8957efa",
            "input": "The differential of this quantity, which is given in general by minus Boltzmanns constant times the thermodynamic temperature times the natural logarithm of the partition function, is non-positive for isothermal, isometric processes, so it is minimized for equilibria in constant-temperature, constant-volume systems. It gives the available useful energy from a closed system, so it is usually symbolized A from the German for work. The p-V Legendre transform of a similar quantity named for Gibbs, it is given by the internal energy minus the absolute temperature times the entropy. For 10 points, name this thermochemical quantity, a thermodynamic potential named for a German physicist.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-088d7bc8e9eb41d28a696fa91ced71b2",
            "input": "Ishmael Reed used a concept from this mans theories to title a chapter of his Mumbo Jumbo, which used that theory to discuss blackness. He wrote extensive unpublished notes detailing a theory of Latin poetry that centered on anagrams. His most prolific work contrasts synchronic study, which has no concept of time, and diachronic study, which outlines evolution over time. He theorized an arbitrary sign characterized by a signifier and a signified. An unpublished manuscript of this man was found in 1996 and published as Writings in General Linguistics, and he outlined the laryngeal theory in his Thesis on the Primitive Vowel System in Indo-European Languages. For ten points, name this linguist whose Course in General Linguistics was developed from notes on his lectures.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fa0e6f398498457d86404177c7fae405",
            "input": "This deity was said to have created the god of cattle Lahar and the grain goddess Ashnan in an attempt to bring order to the world, but they became drunk too often, and he had to replace them with mortals. This deity also created the pickaxe, but he later used his weapon known as the amaru to destroy humanity. He was sentenced to live in the underworld Kur after committing rape, and his wife followed him there, but she gained permission to birth their daughter Nanna in sunlight. He reportedly made Utnapishtim immortal in attempt to spite another god. For 10 points, name this Sumerian god of earth and storm.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06d23b1cb431451eaf50ceb2aab58649",
            "input": "This man's troops donned surplus slaughterhouse tunics while fighting against Juan Manuel de Rosas. In another campaign, he won at Calatafimi after landing at Marsala. He was ordered not to attack Trentino, but he earlier defeated the Neapolitans at the Volturno River. This leader of the Expedition of the Thousand allied with the prime minister of Sardinia-Piedmont, the Count di Cavour, to install Victor Emmanuel II as king. For 10 points, name this leader of the Red Shirts during the Risorgimento, the military leader behind Italian unification.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-14078cd51a6e4202b2b537ff85e2fbea",
            "input": "In one work by this artist, a multi-level villa and shepherd boy can be seen in the background, while two musicians are inspired by two naked muses in the foreground. In another work cherubs look on as a white bull carries off a maiden and he depicted two servants rummaging through a chest while a sleeping, curled up dog accompanies a reclining, nude woman on a bed. For 10 points, name this student of Giorgione and creator of Pastoral Concert, The Rape of Europa, and Venus of Urbino.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ccd4879ccb8744ee9eb54970eb1e9996",
            "input": "This thinker discussed the \"oceanic feeling\" in a book which chronicled the conflict between individuality and society's demand of conformity. This author of Civilization and Its Discontents discussed his patient's Irma's imagined injection in one book. He postulated that people use repression to escape the conflict between the id, ego, and superego. He claimed that males go through a stage when they fixate on their mothers and resent their fathers, calling it the oedipal complex. For 10 points, name this Austrian pioneer of psychoanalysis.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4c1f1df313844bd6a55cd5742b4555f0",
            "input": "This man won election to office when his nation's congress chose him over the former president Jorge Alessandri, and shortly afterwards the head of his country's military, Rene Schneider, was kidnapped by terrorists. One of this man's most notable actions in office was the nationalization of his country's copper industry, at the time its leading export and he saw a prolonged strike by truck owners hamper his attempts to govern. Carlos Prats put down the Tanquetazo coup attempt against this man in 1973, but later that year this man was found dead from a gunshot wound during the coup that replaced him. For ten points name this Socialist president of Chile from 1970-1973 who preceded Augusto Pinochet.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a15cbb6efc14c2398d9c4773a3cf9ff",
            "input": "architect listed among his favorite designs a 720 foot by 720 foot exposition hall that would have held 50,000 thousand people. This designer of the unrealized Chicago Convention Hall had a lengthy collaboration with the interior decorator Lilly Reich. He placed a glass faade around the rectangular frame of a building he taught in, IIT's Crown Hall. The brightness of Alexander Calder's Flamingo contrasts with the dark glass he used for the (*) Chicago Federal Center, and other Chicago structures designed by this architect include the Lakeshore Drive apartments and the stilted Farnsworth House. He collaborated with Phillip Johnson on International Style Seagram Building in New York. For 10 points, name this German architect who adopted the motto \"less is more. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4cafe919e62445fb00dd96d7205d1aa",
            "input": "This character reads Of Human Bondage, A Farewell to Arms, and Out of Africa, before meeting a cab driver named Horowitz, who is unable to answer his question about where ducks go when their pond freezes over. This character also meets two nuns, with whom he discusses Romeo and Juliet before giving them some money. This character has violent encounters with Maurice the pimp, who beats him up over a difference of five dollars, and his roommate Stradlater, whom this character attacks after Stradlater's date with Jane Gallagher. One of his prized possessions is a baseball glove with poetry written on it in green ink, which belonged to his now-dead brother Allie. For 10 pointsname this brother of D. B. and Phoebe, the protagonist of J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f781fb7fa61f488ebab439893b4d5c33",
            "input": "This battle began with simultaneous attacks on Bazeilles, Givonne and La Moncelle, though the decisive moment may have been the series of futile charges of Generals Margueritte and Gallifet near the village of Illy. In a comic incident near the end of the battle, general De Wimpffen arrived from Algeria to relieve the command, and tore down the white truce flag several times before the final surrender. The battle broke out following the minor Battle of Beaumont, during an attempt to relieve Metz by generals Ducrot and Macmahon, who were encircled and crushed by Moltke's forces. FTP, name this 1870 battle, a defeat for France that virtually ended the Franco-Prussian War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-291f330659304059a387e3d9c59ffd20",
            "input": "One of this author's works inquires \"Who leads the docile spheres by withes of supple blue\" A comic poem produced by this author states \"Seraphs swing their stony hats,\" and mentions the \"Tippler leaning against the sun,\" while another poem ends \"For I have the power to kill, / without the power to die,\" and begins \"My life, has stood a loaded gun. \" Another poem of hers describes \"We passed the fields of grazing grain, / we passed the fields of setting sun. \" That poem describes a person who \"surmised the horses' heads / were toward eternity. \" That poem mentions a \"carriage that held just ourselves and immortality. \" For ten points name this author of the poems \"I taste a liquor never brewed,\" and \"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,\" a native of Amherst.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f0af87f184f494e9b6786de93373a00",
            "input": "Its first act ends with the villains recitation of his plan, juxtaposed with a Te Deum chorus. Earlier, a sacristan interrupts the aria Recondita Armonia to note its singer jokes with knaves and neglects the saints. The title character is painted as Mary Magdalen and signs Vissi darte, then reneges on her agreement to sleep with the chief of police in exchange for freeing Mario, stabbing Scarpia instead. For 10 points, name this work about an opera singer who jumps from the top of the Castel dAngelo, composed by Giacomo Puccini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-917e98c26f7d48b3bfd888eb30bff51b",
            "input": "Early editions of this play do not feature the appearance of Mrs. Johnson, who quotes, Education has spoiled many a good plow hand. In the first scene of the second act, one character drunkenly dances on a table while shouting FLAMING SPEAR! in response to another character's cry of OCOMOGOSIAY. That character is nicknamed Alaiyo by one of her suitors, whom she prefers over George Murchison. Bobo's failure to meet Willy Harris in Springfield puts an end to the male protagonist's plan to open a liquor store. That protagonist enrages his mother by deciding not to deposit $3,000 for his sisters education, but later tells Karl Lindner that his family will move to Clybourne Park. FTP, name this play about Travis, Ruth, Benethea, and Walter Lee Younger, written by Lorraine Hansberry.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c15910edda444ed988466f811c6702a",
            "input": "work by this thinker rejected the Catholic view of the titular concepts as preventers of fornication and argues that weddings should not be binding until the birth of a child. This man rebuked Meinong for not distinguishing between meaning and notation and outlines three forms of the titular distinguishing phrases in an essay that examined the phrase \"the King of France is bald. \" Another work by this author of Marriage and Morals and On Denoting responded to nave set theory formulated namesake paradox. For 10 points, name this co-author of Principia Mathematica with Alfred Whitehead.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1797ec70143415a96fffea9978a437d",
            "input": "This country expelled the Seljuk Turks in 1121 at the Battle of Didgori, increasing the power of David the Builder from its Bagrationi dynasty. During World War I, it tried to gain the Lori Province, which is now controlled by Armenia. One of Lenin's last writings criticized Stalin's handling of this Soviet republic after Budu Mdivani and Filipp Makharadze had their power reduced. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it was headed by former Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Eduard Shevardnadze, who was deposed in the Rose Revolution. It is now led by Mikheil Saakashvili, who got into a brief war with Russia in 2008 over South Ossetia. Name this country that several times has lost control of its capital of Tbilisi.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-115825eb9e91478ca36b849bab058e98",
            "input": "It was negotiated in both Munster and Osnabrucks. Cardinal Richilieu blocked efforts for negotiations in Cologne between France and the Hapsburgs, because he wanted all of France's allies to be included. This led to over 109 delegations taking place in the negotiations of this agreement which would recognize the existence of the nation-state for the first time in Europe. For 10 points what is this name given to the two treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c99d006c644c47f7b517f22f7837ac9d",
            "input": "An equation relating viscous flow and diffusion is named for this man and Stokes. While proving Planck's radiation equation, this man created the idea of stimulated emission. Along with Leo Szilard, this man invented a refrigerator that has zero mechanical parts. This scientist and Smoluchowski developed a namesake relation which was discovered during this man's research on Brownian motion. He won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. For 10 points, name this German physicist who developed two theories of relativity and famously stated e=mc2.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-918c93e09aac488fb46fa68be4dc6a66",
            "input": "This man's aliases included James Brunswill and Adam Smith, during which time his wife was known as Lady Smith. His wrote a noted \"Letter from Vidin\" while in Bulgaria and, late in life, delineated a plan for a \"Danubian Federation\" and wrote the book Memories of my Exile. He was succeeded in office by his longtime general Arthur Gorgey, who served as dictator until surrendering to Rudiger at Vilagos, after this man had organized the Honvd army and served as regent-president. The USS Mississippi was dispatched to rescue him from internment in Turkey by Millard Fillmore after this man had previously been hailed as a celebrity in England, causing a scandal for foreign secretary Lord Palmerston. FTP, name this key participant in the 1848 revolution honored as a national hero in Hungary.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-57be79a4f2514db194e0134ee789ea32",
            "input": "In one work, this author noted that \"nobody, not even the rain, has such small hands\" after telling its addressee that \"your slightest look will easily unclose me\", while he began another with the lines \"since feeling is first/who pays any attention/to the syntax of things\". One work by this author notes that \"it's always ourselves we find in the sea\" after describing the four title figures going \"down to the beach (to play one day)\", while the title group of another of his poems is said to be \"making poems in the (*) lap of death\". In addition to \"Maggie and Milly and Molly and May\" and \"Humanity I love you\", he penned a work whose title figure \"sang his didn't and danced his did\" and another which asks \"how do you like your blueeyed boy/Mister Death\". For 10 points, identify this author of \"anyone lived in a pretty how town\" and \"Buffalo Bill's defunct\", who also wrote \"i sing of Olaf glad and big\" and the novel Enormous Room and who was noted for his idiosyncratic punctuation and capitalization.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e925b559c314d60bdda29abc5e92e89",
            "input": "Michaels rule applies to summing a quantity by this name for multi-quark systems. One semi-empirical formula for this quantity has it scaling as one minus 0.345 angstroms over the sum of the anionic and cationic radii. A constant proportional to it is given by the sum over atoms of the signed distance dividing the nearest-neighbor distance. This quantity may be measured in an indirect way by a process with steps: atomization of the metallic and non-metallic components, ionization of the former, and electron affination of the latter. This quantity is calculable in many cases using the Kapustinskii equation and Madelung constant, and may be measured experimentally via the Born-Haber cycle. FTP, name this chemical quantity, the sum total of bond energies in a crystal.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3785a887feac47909928844789d2f5fe",
            "input": "He succeeded as much by research as by his own talent, combining painstaking ethnological research and a constant effort to keep up with the latest musical developments. His works include Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, several acclaimed string quartets, and the ballet The Miraculous Mandarin. FTP name this composer born in modern-day Romania but credited with creating a truly Hungarian musical style, as in the opera Duke Bluebeard's Castle.\t\t",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6707a5b9419e4ab2a922801b12a401a9",
            "input": "One character in this work is horrified to learn that the hide of her dead dog Barrabus has been turned into a wedding-present rug. A character named Transito Soto frees another from jail in this work, and a French count named Jean de Satigny marries into this work's central family, but his wife leaves him when she learns of his affairs. A character who loses three fingers becomes a socialist activist and singer in this work, and a coup-leading military tortures and executes Jaime. Other characters in this work include Blanca and Alba as well as the central family's patriarch, Esteban. FTP, name this work that features the green-haired prophetess Clara and centers on the Trueba family, a work of Isabel Allende.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c904dda049804a8689eb82b5e812d4a5",
            "input": "The northlander Trendhorn got his eye put out by a chess piece when he was spying on this figure, while Fergus mac Roich was prevented by his geis from pursuing her. She was heard to cry out while still in her mother's womb, leading the druid Cathbad to prophesy that she would bring about the downfall of her house. Though she was the daughter of Feidlimid, the king decreed that she must be raised by Leabharcham, and she eventually fell in love with the brother of Ardan and Ainnle, Naoise mac Uisnech. For 10 points, identify this woman, who committed suicide after being recaptured by Conchobar mac Nessa, a Celtic figure whose beauty brought about much sadness.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5cce6faef5284a0b944dc687b6430f1c",
            "input": "A tricky character in this work gets his comeuppance when three cronies, including Bardolph, steal his horses. Its protagonist uses a pair of stag horns to disguise himself as Herne the Hunter, but ends up being pinched by people dressed as fairies and elves. Meanwhile, Anne's father plots to have Slender seize her and marry her, while her mother plots for Dr. Caius to do the same thing, but in the end she sneaks off and marries Fenton while the protagonist is being ridiculed for writing almost identical letters to two potential lovers. FTP, identify the Shakespearean play that centers around the antics of the Ford and Page households and the rogue Sir John Falstaff.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b69c2d17e6d4658b0b8e09912f94d77",
            "input": "One layer of this structure is bound to Bruch's membrane, and neurons in this structure can be generated by Mller glia in birds. Communication in this structure is performed by the amacrine and horizontal cells. The middle layer of this structure contains bipolar cells, and the inner layer contains ganglion cells. A depression in the center of this structure is the macula, which surrounds the fovea. FTP name this innermost layer of the eye that functions in phototransduction and contains the rods and cones.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-018725b8678b48108f91fb771eca1a2d",
            "input": "It compares the pursuit of pleasure by men to the stinging of a bee because each leaves something behind after the act. The last part opens with the story of a farmer digging for gold to illustrate the belief in chance. It discusses the concept of \"honor\" by referring to \"an ulcer\" of a man named Nonius and illustrates its consideration of the \"world-soul\" with references to Plato's Timaeus. This volume inspired Alcuin's preface to De Grammatica, and its translators included such authors as Jean de Meun and Geoffrey Chaucer. The most important of its five sections considers whether or not mental acts of free will exist in light of God's ability to know everything. Written in the form of a dialogue between a condemned man sitting in a prison and a woman who personifies the title entity, for 10 points, identify this work written in 524 by Boethius. \r",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba5079a72dd246999c7adc28224e1fc0",
            "input": "The second movement of this piece, an Andante con moto, is in E major and features two contrasting themes. Both themes are injected with periods of counterpoint, and are repeated in variation. The first movement, Allegro moderato with the violins opening softly followed by a melody played by the oboes and clarinets, but in just four measures modulates to the submediant key G minor from the initial key of B minor. The closing theme of the movement feature heavy sforzandi and is based on the continued development of the second subject. In the first movement, the second bassoon and first horn hold a tonic B' pedal under the dominant F# chord that evokes Beethoven's Eroica Symphony. A third scherzo movement also exists but only two pages are orchestrated. For 10 points, name this symphony by Schubert.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e150ba8dc35b45eaadd1a9cbc4254db4",
            "input": "The last part of his fifth symphony was used in Visconti's film Death in Venice, while his third symphony draws the words for its fourth movement, \"What Man Tells Me,\" from Nietzsche's Also Sprach Zarathustra. His second symphony, whose fourth movement contains lyrics from the song \"Primal Light\" from Des Knaben Wunderhorn (Des NOB-in VUND-er-horn), is known as the \"Resurrection. \"  FTP, name this Bohemian best known for his symphony #8, or \"Symphony of a Thousand. \"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-36a2b06665a54d18824f901453228311",
            "input": "Wingware produces an IDE for this language, which relies heavily on \"Duck typing. \" There are two different operators used for inequality in this programming language, which also has a feature used for serialization called \"pickle. \" It can be converted into Java bytecode, and makes use of a lambda construct to provide support for first-class anonymous functions. The original bittorrent client was written in it, and matplotlib is its plotting library. IDLE has been bundled with it since its 2. 3 release, and ABC and Modula-3 were particularly influential in the development of this language, which employs \"whitespaces\" to delimit blocks. It is heavily used as a scripting language in web applications, and was developed at CWI by Guido van Rossum in the 1980s. FTP, name this high-level scripting language that takes its name from a British comedic troupe rather than a serpent.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d03c7bfaee024f99a71d1b8b473f415e",
            "input": "class of particles is not massless because they are pseudo-Goldstone bosons resulting from chiral symmetry being spontaneously broken. Many grand unification theories require protons to decay into a positron and the neutral form of this class of particles. The negative form of this usually decays into an muon and an anti-muon neutrino. It was wrongly predicted to be the carrier of the strong force by Yukawa. The neutral form of this type of particle can decay into a photon and an electron-positron pair in the Dalitz decay, though more commonly decays into just two photons. While the neutral form of this with zero spin weighs around 135MeV, the positive form of this is made of an up and a down antiquark. For 10 points, name these lightest mesons.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de0d7a4dce2e4db785b82bb6e979fb36",
            "input": "One myth claims that this god hung out with a tribe of pirates called the Sintians, while another asserts that he spent nine years in a grotto with Eurynome and Thetis. Most sources agree that the mysterious Cabeiri were his children, as was a one-eyed wielder of a bronze club who was killed by Theseus. This father of Periphetes arranged for his servant Cedalion to guide the blinded Orion and failed in his attempt to rape Athena, which resulted in his fathering (*) Erichthonius on Gaia. In one myth, Dionysus gets him drunk and puts him on the back of a mule, which carried him back to Olympus. He married the Grace Aglaea after finding Ares in bed with his wife Aphrodite. His creations include Pelops's shoulder, Hermes's winged sandals, and the Aegis. For 10 points, name this son of Zeus and Hera, the Greek god of fire and the forge.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4cff2f28494e43a3b6d7dba62d6f4168",
            "input": "This author's use of realism is discussed in the essay \"Farewell to Jane Austen. \" One poem by this author describes an arch that was built too low, which led to a melon becoming king, and his poetry collections include All You Who Sleep Tonight and The Humble Administrator's Garden. One novel by this man was inspired by his relationship with violinist Philippe Honor, and another includes a character who \"still bears the scars of Middlemarch. \" In addition to the memoir Two Lives, he created a character named Phil who works at Lungless Labs, in a novel consisting of 690 sonnets. Also the author of the collection Mappings, his most famous work is set in Brahmpur and centers on Rupa Mehra's attempt to find the title character for her daughter Leta. FTP, name this Indian author of An Equal Music, The Golden Gate, and A Suitable Boy.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e46a4357a3c412fba5315fc128a54b0",
            "input": "One perturbative solution to this kind of problem takes the form of an infinite series of Feynman  diagrams that diverges. When finding an approximation for this kind of problem in the case of long  wavelengths, the exponential term simply vanishes and all that must be integrated is the interaction  potential; that is a special case of the Born Approximation. In quantum mechanics, this kind of  problem usually is solved by finding the associated (*) amplitude of a wave, given that a plane wave encounters a potential and is transformed into a spherical wave. Classically, this type of problem is  typically solved by finding the namesake angle given the impact parameter. For 10 points, name this  kind of process in which a particle changes direction after a collision.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f5c86d46e8eb4b209852cd22d5577d36",
            "input": "Silent spectators in this work include the orator Lysias and Euthydemus. Polemarchus argues only in the first section and then disappears from the dialogue. Carried on in the house of Cephalus, the principle speakers are Glaucon and Adeimantus, though the chief antagonist to the main figure is Thrasymachus. The discussion in this dialogue centers on political and individual justice, using such vehicles as the \"Myth of Ur\" and the \"Allegory of the Cave\" to strengthen the concept of the ideal state created by Socrates. FTP, identify this dialogue that discusses the philosopher-king by Plato.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f9b067fc8724bb5bb29ad12937cea59",
            "input": "In one play by this author, Risa purposely scars her legs to deflect attention from men, and Memphis Lee tries to negotiate a fair price for a restaurant that is about to be demolished. In another play by this man, a series of mysterious deaths are blamed on the \"Ghosts of the Yellow Dog,\" and a more visible ghost wrestles with a man until they both hear music and the sound of a train whistle. A third play by this author of Two Trains Running ends with Gabriel sounding a trumpet to open the gates of Heaven for an adulterous ex-baseball player. That character, Troy Maxson, becomes the first black garbage truck driver in this author's common setting of the Hill district. For 10 points, name this playwright whose ten-play Pittsburgh Cycle includes The Piano Lesson and Fences.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-245f8d3ae78748a1b16b2cde8f5752bb",
            "input": "It inspired a 1937 Crucifixion by Roger Bissire, while details from it are incorporated in Racing Thoughts by Jasper Johns. It was commissioned by Guido Guersi, whose coat of arms appears in it, and who may be portrayed in it as Saint Anthony. It was an addition to work that had been done by Nikolaus Hagenauer and Desiderius Beichel. The central portion of it shows Mary as a widow fainting into the arms of John the Evangelist, while John the Baptist stands on the right saying \"He must increase but I must decrease. \"  Painted for a church in an Alsatian village around 1515, FTP, name this altarpiece created by Matthias Grnewald.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-58b19268d5fd481c933236aba64dbacd",
            "input": "According to his theory of distribution, he believed that national income would move from the capitalists to the landlords, leading to stagnation. He argued that inflation was caused by the increased lending of the Bank of England in his first published work. He defined the concept of rent and formulated the theory of comparative advantage, and as well as writing The High Price of Bullion, he argued against the tariffs imposed by the Corn Laws in an 1815 essay. For ten points, identify this English economist, author of On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation and formulator of the Iron Law of Wages.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b5f931e2e2da4b6fa906005b8043cf0d",
            "input": "As Chancellor of the Exchequer, this man oversaw Britain's return to the gold standard, which had negative consequences and led him to become the target of a John Maynard Keynes book attacking his actions. This man delivered such addresses as \"\"The Gathering Storm\"\" and \"\"The Finest Hour. \"\" This leader was appointed to First Lord of the Admiralty near the onset of a conflict during which he rose to the post of Prime Minister. Succeeded by Clement Atlee, for 10 points, name this World War II Prime Minister of Britain.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a02644f2204c473caf48bfc25f754ac3",
            "input": "The capillary and diaphragm techniques measure a constant quantifying this process, and for low Reynolds number, that constant equals Boltzmann's constant times temperature over six pi times viscosity times particle radius. This phenomenon is used to introduce interstitial defects into crystals, such as carbon substitution for steel. This process controls the (*) rate of catalytic reactions with very high turnover numbers. A gradient of chemical potential is the thermodynamic driving force for this process. This process occurs through random walk in Brownian motion, and when it occurs through a semipermeable membrane, it's called osmosis. For 10 points, name this movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cafe13993f94427daf233aad610cc63c",
            "input": "This theorist denied that American exceptionalism was the nature of things, but defined it as a historical process, and in one of his works, he described its impact on victory in World War II. This author heavily borrowed from Ernst Mayr's descriptions of \"teleonomic processes\" for one work, which sought to integrate sociology with all of the other social sciences. Themselves developer of the (*) AGIL paradigm and author of The Social System, for 10 points, name this man who reformulated Weberian theory into a voluntaristic system in his work The Structure of Social Action and who created symbolic interactionism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ab26205c35c486fa581ba0be67100a5",
            "input": "This composer wrote the \"\"Veil Song\"\" for the Princess Eboli in his Don Carlos. Before he composed one of his few comic operas, which was based on The Merry Wives of Windsor, his name became an acronym for the Italian unification movement. This composer of Falstaff had the Duke of Mantua sing about fickle women in (*) \"\"La donna e mobile\"\" (MOW-bee-lay) in his opera Rigoletto. For 10 points, name this composer of Otello, La Traviata, and an opera about an Ethopian princess who is buried alive, Aida (eye-EE-duh).",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c3772f4311e74b2085feeb065d9f70a2",
            "input": "This event took place at a fort founded to combat slavery in the lands populated by the Shilluk people. A campaign against the Madhists was motivated primarily by the possibility of this event. Although the French had arrived two months earlier, they eventually withdrew their claims due to the need for an alliance with Britain against the rising power of Germany, which would lead to the Entente Cordiale a few years later. This event resulted from French efforts to occupy territory connecting Dakar to Djibouti, and British efforts to occupy territory connecting Cape Town to Cairo. For ten points, name this standoff between British and French forces in the Sudan in 1898.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-909c54aef58b4e33ab2aac77b2bd0dfa",
            "input": "One of these beings from a non-fictional religion carries a staff with jingling rings and is called \"Lord of the Six Paths.\" Another of these individuals has thousands of arms behind him arranged like peacock feathers and received ten extra heads to redeem the wicked. The Chinese goddess Kannon derives from the most compassionate of these beings, (*) Avalokiteshvara (uh-VAH-low-kee-tesh-VAH-ruh). Although their self-sacrifice is celebrated in China and Japan, becoming one of these individuals is less admirable than becoming an arhat in Theravada tradition. For 10 points, name these idealized humans in Mahayana Buddhism who return to earth after achieving enlightenment.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2bae015cb1f742408ab1ce2aed96f868",
            "input": "After he deposed Nabonidus, praise of this man was inscribed on his namesake cylinder. Herodotus claims this man was killed by the warrior queen of the Massagetae, and his tomb is located at Pasargadae, his capital. At one point he was attacked by the famously wealthy King Croesus. He maintained a postal system of runners along his Royal Road, and established an elite unit of ten thousand Immortals. He also conquered Medea and Lydia, forming much of an empire that would later be conquered by Alexander the Great. For 10 points, name this ruler who ended the Babylonian Captivity and founded the Achaemenid (\"a-kai-men-id\") Empire.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ad46771b39e45ce8e217fe79ab0247d",
            "input": "Prior to its translation by William of Moerbeke, it was unavailable to medieval Europe, except through the excerpts quoted in Macrobius's commentary on Cicero's Somnium Scipionis. One section denounces excessive Laconian philotimia, while Book III cites the need for a \"noble lie\" as the basis for the title concept. Discussion of a line divided into four parts and of the sun are metaphors for its author's idea of the levels of existence and of the absolute good respectively, but, the most famous excerpt features shackled prisoners watching shadows to illustrate the \"theory of forms\" in the \"allegory of the cave\". FTP, name this Platonic dialogue in which Socrates claims that a philosopher should rule the titular entity.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a4b84ba7134f4fd7aca285ce172e68c9",
            "input": "The static nature of later paintings like \"The Distribution of the Eagles\" stands in contrast to early works like \"Belisarius Asking Alms\" and \"Andromache Mourning Hector\". He became known as the \"Robespierre of the brush\" after his election to the National Convention. Works like \"The Coronation of Napoleon\" and \"The Death of Socrates\" have led him to be cited as a pioneer of modern art. FTP, who is this French artist of \"The Oath of the Horatii\" and \"The Death of Marat\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ad0d783ac6bb41e08d235e2e2ae25fe9",
            "input": "inspired the use of cubism through his later works depicting Mt. St. Victorie. For 15 points, who was this post-impressionist painter.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-775f1ced29c84fbc8cbb61b336dab3e4",
            "input": "The protagonist of this novel is shaken when his mother dies from scarlet fever after treating his adopted sister, Elizabeth Lavenza. This novel's title character studies philosophy and chemistry at the University of Ingolstadt, where he becomes obsessed with the alchemist Paracelsus. This novel is recounted through a series of letters from Captain Robert Walton, who rescues the title character in the Arctic, where he had been seeking his creation. For 10 points, name this novel by Mary Shelley in which the title character is a professor who creates a monster.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8b7664028c6141c5a09da301c2563328",
            "input": "This author wrote a story in which a woodsman kills a king to steal the title one-sided object, \"The Disc,\" and in another story by this writer, the detective Erik Lonnrot is led into a trap by three kabbalistic murders. This author of \"Death and the Compass\" wrote about a single point that contains (*) all of the universe in the story \"The Aleph\" and he described Dr. Albert's murder by the German spy Yu Tsun in another story. In another story, the title location contains hexagonal rooms and every possible 410 page book. For 10 points, what Argentinian writer's collection Ficciones contains the stories \"The Garden of Forking Paths\" and \"The Library of Babel\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-930da5c02d5046648dee5aa3f9ab689e",
            "input": "This concept explains why the torque of a dipole would cause it to rotate about its center. The Lorentz Force Law is a generalization of this concept, the expression of which can be calculated using Gauss's Law. The quantity of this concept within a conductor is zero and it runs perpendicular to the surface of a conductor. Coulomb's law can be used to find this property of a point charge, negative ones of which are oriented radially inward. The direction of this concept is tested with a positive test charge. For 10 points, name this concept measured in Newtons per Coulomb that is equal to the electric force divided by charge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2168bbae305442909b89b9dac83edd95",
            "input": "This leader's admiration of the Soviet economy led him to create a license regime that caused poor economic growth in the 1990s. He formulated Five Points of Peaceful Coexistence with a neighboring country, although his Forward Policy caused a war with that country. In his inaugural address, this man declared there is a \"new star of Freedom in the East,\" and that his country had long ago made a \"tryst with destiny.\" As leader of the Congress Party he was opposed by Jinnah's Muslim League, leading to the split of his country with Pakistan. For 10 points, name this disciple of Mohandas Gandhi, the first Prime Minister of India.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b11426a4328742be96a10812530e0668",
            "input": "This man compared using poetry to eliminate the pain of his unrequited love to rivers that \"purge sea waters' fretful salt away\" in a poem that ends \"a little wise, the best fools be.\" Another of his poems urges  \"love me that I may die the gentler way, hate me because they love's too great for me.\" This author of \"The Triple Fool\" and \"The Prohibition\" wrote to the Countess of Bedford about \"the spider love, which transubstantiates all, and can convert Manna to gall\" in \"Twickham Garden.\" He suggested \"ride ten thousand days and nights, til age snow white hairs on thee\" in a poem listing impossible tasks such as \"tell me where all past years are, or who cleft the devil's foot\" that begins \"go and catch a falling star.\" Another of his poems ends \"except you enthrall me, never shall be free, nor ever chaste, except you ravish me\" and asks \"batter my heart, three-personed God.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning\" and the Holy Sonnets, a Metaphysical poet.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b312635d56264016ac307c30c0da12a7",
            "input": "This god was worshipped with Vulcan at the trumpet-cleaning ceremony known as the Tubilustria. In the time of Numa Pompilius, he purportedly made eleven shields rain down from the sky. Flora helped this fatherless deity's mother give birth. Augustus named one temple after this god, who also names the field the Pantheon is located on,  and worshipped him as the avenger Ultor. One of this god's sacred birds was the (*) woodpecker, and the Vestal Virgin Rhea Silvia was raped by this father of Romulus and Remus. This god was caught in bed with Venus by her husband Vulcan. For ten points, name this son of Juno, the Roman god of war and counterpart of Ares.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db4f01bf5cc04f43b69fd0f8f8e1ab6e",
            "input": "Arnold Bax's fifth symphony was heavily influenced by, and dedicated to, this composer. The first movement of this composer's sixth symphony is based on the stepwise ascendancy of the D Dorian mode, which permeates the whole work. This composer's only mature string quartet is subtitled \"Voces intimae\". His fourth symphony opens with the notes C-D-F sharp-E; that symphony has a third movement Il tempo largo and is quite grim due to its composer's brush with throat cancer. This composer saw the symphony as a musical process in which \"profound logic\" connects the motifs, whereas Mahler thought it \"must be like the world\". Willy Burmester vowed to never play this composer's D minor violin concerto after two versions were premiered without him. His seventh symphony is remarkable for only having one movement. For 10 points, identify this composer of many tone poems based on the Kalevala,  as well as Finlandia.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f18af96384a14f3f8847733856fc7332",
            "input": "This phenomenon causes the formation of yardang ridges. The foehn and Chinook types of it are observed on the downward slopes of mountains. Its speed can be measured by an anemometer (ANN-uh-MOM-ett-er), but is usually given by the Beaufort scale. One specific type of it is the jet stream. This phenomenon is often nonexistent in the doldrums. For 10 points, name this flow of gases that moves kites by producing gusts and breezes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-360f33d43206456b8ccfbb44135da8f5",
            "input": "In bulk metals, this effect explains field electron emission and is described by the Fowler-Nordheim type\\n equations. Erasing a NOR flash cell is dependent on this effect occurring in the floating gate, and this effect\\n can be used to achieve negative differential resistance in a particular type of diode named for Esaki. This\\n phenomenon results in the production of a current in the DC Josephson effect. Alpha decay is governed by\\n this process, in which a particle's Schrodinger equation is represented as a decaying exponential function.\\n For 10 points, name this phenomenon of quantum mechanics in which a particle can go through a\\n classically forbidden region.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74435435ad514d589a2239c419b10ebe",
            "input": "One of this mans works features the titular dark-skinned man in a gold-trimmed red garment with absurdly huge buttons, while a more recognizable one depicts a bird on the shoulder of the eponymous stein-bearing crone. A black shirt with red frills adorns the titular clown in his Jester with a Lute, and the titular womans breasts are nearly popping out in Gypsy Girl, but he is better known for portraits of figures like Jacobus Zaffius and the Company of Saint George. Best-known, however, is a painting of a mustachioed hat-wearing man notably not performing the titular jocular action. FTP name this Haarlem painter best-known for his The Laughing Cavalier.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-de40c2c37ff74633b94719fe54dbe93f",
            "input": "one-percent increase in this quantity corresponds to a two-percent loss in potential GDP in the \"gap version\" of Okun's law. Keynes's attacks of Pigou's work about a \"theory\" of it led Pigou to formulate the \"real balance effect\" whereby a rise in this quantity leads to a drop in prices, which eventually results in this quantity becoming zero. Phelps theorized that in the long run, it can be represented by a vertical line called the NAIRU. As inflation increases, this quantity decreases, according to the Phillips Curve. Types of this phenomenon include frictional and seasonal. For 10 points, name this phenomenon that occurs when people are willing to work but can't find a job.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78252ed8384849fe8789050836da35db",
            "input": "The early history of this nation saw Francisco Morazn emerge as a national hero victorious at La Trinidad, and 20th century leaders have included Tiburcio Caras and Ramon Villeda, deposed in a 1963 coup. A notorious unit of its armed forces, Batallion 316, was commanded by Gustavo Alvarez under the auspices of so-called proconsul John Negroponte. In 1969, this country expelled a bunch of unwanted immigrants from a neighboring country, leading to a six-day conflict known as the Soccer War. It provided a U.S.-sponsored base for the Contras against the Sandinistas, just east of Tegucigalpa. FTP, name this Central American country bordered by El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0465f3c8732146b09fb3acf92574d21a",
            "input": "This man was imprisoned by Protestant nobles during the Ruthven Raid, and his early reign saw the Battle of Langside and was dominated the Earl of Morey, who served as this man's regent. This son of Lord Darnley married Anne of Denmark. An attempt by Catholic Priests to kidnap this man is known as the Bye Plot, while the Main Plot was hatched by Protestants who wanted to replace him with his cousin Arbella. This king's attempt to find a Habsburg bride for his son was known as the \"Spanish Match\". This author of \"The Trew Law of Free Monachy\" was also targeted by Catesby and Fawkes in the Gunpower Plot. For ten points, name this Stuart, the first man to rule both England and Scotland, who lends his name to a Bible.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6ab39927f35a47cabefb3381ca4fc523",
            "input": "In his most famous book, this philosopher wrote that the \"primary ineluctable facts of birth and death\" hang on every social group which seeks to reproduce itself. This man's ideas and Frederick Taylor's scientific management inspired the \"platoons\" of the Gary Plan. This man disputed Descartes' claim that all experience is subjective, positing instead that the experiencing mind is part of nature. This man led an academic committee which sought to exonerate Leon Trotsky in the 30s, and called his philosophy \"instrumentalism.\" He updated Plato's theories on childhood and Rousseau's Emile while founding the Laboratory School of Chicago, where he stressed socialization and learning by doing. For 10 points, name this American liberal philosopher who wrote Democracy and Education.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ef4a415fd9b499989be785969bac29b",
            "input": "It is synthesized in the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, and its secretion is triggered by stimulation of the organum vasculosum, the subfornical organ, or the area postrema. Commonly found in excess in the urine of those individuals with a chromophobe adenoma, its two major forms differ only with the presence of either a lysine or an arginine. The essential feature of diabetes insipidus is the lack of this hormone or a blocking of its action. This octapeptide, like oxytocin, is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. FTP, name this hormone that acts on the kidneys to retain water and reduce urine output.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5dfcef86bf84cdc8da167768230000b",
            "input": "Synthetic varieties of this mineral were made by Auguste Verneuil using the flame-fusion process. Asterism in this mineral is caused by the inclusion of rutile. One variety of this mineral has a shade known as Kashmir blue, and another variety has a shade called pigeon's blood. The material emery consists of magnetite and this mineral. Aluminum oxide occurs naturally in large deposits as this mineral, which has a value of nine on the Mohs scale of hardness. For 10 points, name this mineral whose transparent varieties, such as sapphire and ruby, are used as gems.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84c2da9415d047e98d32fa80d968079a",
            "input": "The narrator of this novel is hospitalized after a boiler explodes during a fight in a paint factory. The narrator is expelled by Dr. Bledsoe after introducing Mr. Norton to Jim Trueblood. In the first chapter, the narrator is forced to fight a battle royal while blindfolded. The narrator delivers a eulogy for a character who is killed selling dolls on the street, stating, \"His name was Tod Clifton, and they shot him down. \" This novel culminates in a race riot sparked by the enmity between the Brotherhood and the followers of Ras the Exhorter, who tries to kill the narrator with a spear. For 10 points, name this novel by Ralph Ellison.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-48d8afcfee7d403991bb3ba047085f3a",
            "input": "This philosopher wrote that \"purity of heart is to will one thing\" and penned a paean to his mother tongue in Stages on Life's Way. This man admired Socrates as a \"noble, simple wise man\" in his Christian Discourse. This man argued that \"subjectivity is truth\" in the sequel to his earlier Philosophical Fragments, and in another work compares the ethical dilemmas facing Agamemnon and Abraham. For 10 points, name this \"father of existentialism\" who wrote Either/Or and Fear and Trembling.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b73ab5c36c94a96803030adc6eca5e0",
            "input": "The asymmetry of this deity may be explained by a fight he had with Parshuram or by his attempts to write down the narrative of Vyasa which became the Mahabharata. He won a contest by going around his parents instead of the entire Earth, which in some versions proved he was more intelligent than his younger brother Karthik. He normally was unable to travel quickly because he was large and rode a mouse, and when he fell off his mouse he was laughed at by the moon. This deity was created by his mother so he could guard her when she took a bath, but that ended poorly when his father wanted to see her. Name this son of Parvati who was beheaded by his father Shiva and then was brought back to life when his head was replaced by an elephant's.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4d467457baf247459a3dc459c40068d1",
            "input": "The Jocic reaction produces these compounds from trichloromethylcarbinols. The Schmidt reaction produces primary amines from these compounds and hydrogen azide, and the Jones Reaction makes them from primary alcohols. The Fischer esterification creates esters from alcohols and these compounds in acidic solution, and their namesake functional group forms the C terminal end of proteins. For 10 points, identify these compounds which have a COOH functional group.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-29218acfcd8c412c9f3bfd845d4daa24",
            "input": "This city's suburbs include Carlton, Collingwood, Richmond, Prahran, St. Kilda, and Brighton, and it is home to Monash and LaTrobe Universities. Permanent settlement in the area began in 1835, when John Batman made a treaty with local inhabitants. The city grew dramatically in the 1850s after gold was found in nearby Bendigo and Ballarat. The Yarra River meets Port Philip Bay at -- for 10 points -- what city that served as Australia's capital before Canberra was founded and is named after Queen Victoria's first Prime Minister",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ba93050d14e04864b4d46ff58967aa0b",
            "input": "The protagonist of one of this man's short stories journeys to a newly-formed continent and marries Or, the queen of the birds. Another of this man's stories sees that protagonist duel Lieutenant Fenimore over their shared love for Ursula. The protagonist of one of his novels becomes a double agent for Ataguitania in Ircania and begins identifying with characters like Ermes Marana and Silas Flannery. Another novel by this author ends after Gramo and Buono are sewn back together, thus restoring to life the Viscount Medardo, who'd been split in half by a cannonball. This author of The Cloven Viscount, whose character Qwfwq appears in his collections t zero and Cosmicomics, penned a novel told partially in the second person in which the Reader and Ludmilla uncover a book-publishing conspiracy. For 10 points, name this Italian author of If on a winter's night a traveler.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b86928222309446e9e4b97fc7b92cb4b",
            "input": "Among the attractions in this city are the Underground Palace, the Tekfur Sarayi, and the Topkapi Palace. The modern center is in the northern part, Beyoglu, which is separated by the Golden Horn from the old walled city, which is home to seven steep hills which maintain a medieval appearance. Home to the Blue Mosque and the Hagia Sophia, FTP, what is this largest city in Turkey formerly known as Constantinople",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-78c77d71ab784c51bc51fcb62eb71492",
            "input": "In the final stanza of this poem, the speaker asks the addressee to roll all of their strength and sweetness \"\"up into one ball. \"\" Earlier, he describes finding rubies along the Ganges River and notes that before him lay \"\"deserts of vast eternity. \"\" The speaker of this poem would spend hundreds of years admiring the addressee's (*) body and wait for her \"\"till the conversion of the Jews,\"\" but unfortunately he hears \"\"time's winged chariot hurrying near. \"\" Beginning with the line \"\"Had we but world enough, and time,\"\" this is, for 10 points, what poem by Andrew Marvell",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b4abb497f1af4d27b9cd24b7e063c8af",
            "input": "Regions of this country include Glarus, St. Gallen, and Ticino. It includes the northern part of Lake Maggiore, and the largest lake entirely within this country is Lake Neuchatel. Its namesake plateau lies between the Jura Mountains and the Alps. It shares Lake (*) Constance with Germany and Austria, and it has four official languages, including Romansh. For 10 points, name this country which is divided into cantons and which is home to Geneva.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-935e6124561c4bf8848e70cc878b4f46",
            "input": "After defeating an invading force from Mesopotamia that kidnapped his nephew, this man was blessed by the king of Salem, named Melchizedek. Because of his wife's beauty, he lied that they were siblings, which caused both Pharoah and Abilimech to try to marry her. This man died five years early to be spared of the pain of seeing the sale of his grandson Esau's birthright. This man's wife was infertile so he laid with his handmaiden Hagar. For 10 points, name this Biblical figure who almost sacrificed his son Isaac to God on Mount Horeb and whose name means \"father of many nations,\" the patriarch of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2390fb56be3149f3afbfdcbb339f8aba",
            "input": "Experiments demonstrating it involved filling out a questionnaire in a room slowly filled with smoke, the stealing of beer from a liquor store, and talking about stress problems with other students during which someone suffers a seizure, all studies by Darley and Latane from a 1969 article entitled \"Apathy. \" Prior commitment, ambiguity of the situation, and recognized leadership are factors that determine it, though the most famous case involved a crime committed in the Kew Gardens against a bar manager. For 10 points, the murder of Kitty Genovese is an example of what effect, in which individuals in a large group are less likely to help those in distress",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7eee5541c8cd4ba888f2f39e35ff1143",
            "input": "This man wrote that \"promises, covenants, and oaths...can have no hold on an atheist\" a year before he argued against the idea that rightful kings are direct descendants of Adam, refuting Robert Filmer. This man believed that money removed a natural limit on accumulation, and described man's mixture of his labor with nature as the basis of our entitlement to property. The Jeffersonian phrase \"consent of the governed\" echoes this man's view that government must secure \"life, liberty, and estate.\" For 10 points, name this man who wrote Two Treatises of Government in 1690, a British social contract theorist.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-93517396218441758b8c282d90fba88d",
            "input": "A novel by this writer is often paired with his brother Clifford's Thorn Fruit, published in the same year, while his 1880 non-fiction work entitled The Science of English Verse reflects a strong interested in music, as in the tale of Lady Horn and other personified instruments, \"The Symphony. \" This author of Tiger-Lilies wrote, \"The Creeks overflow\" and \"a thousand rivulets run twixt the roots of the sod\" in his \"The Marshes of Glynn. \" For 10 points, name this Confederate veteran and Macon, Georgia native who made his living as a flautist but also claimed that he is \"fain for to water the plain\" in his poem \"The Song of the Chattahoochee. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-195f706df6594fad9256a4ca8fb5ccc3",
            "input": "One figure in this battle died after attempting to grip onto a ship with his bare hands, only to have a member of the opposing army cut it off. The initial charge of one side managed to catch the rear cavalry off-guard, and caused the other groups' missiles to land harmlessly behind them. The retreating side in this battle traveled towards Mesogia and attempted to escape on their triremes, where some of them drowned in a swamp after getting pincered. A group of Platean hoplites helped one side, and this battle is most famous for the exploits of Phidippides, a messenger. FTP, name this 490BC battle in which Datis and Artaphernes lost to a group of Athenians under Miltiades, which lends its name to a 26-mile race.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4653acfd2fa249049e8915d79307f4ee",
            "input": "In top center and top right, there is a multicolored town, including a building surmounted by a cross. In total there are four human figures, with two of them being an upside down woman and a man holding a scythe next to each other near the top. On the left is a woman milking a goat, horse, or a cow, but the two largest images are the white animal head on the left and the green human face on the right, both facing each other. Many of these pictures are superimposed over each other in this 1911 painting. FTP, name this famous painting by Marc Chagall.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4ac250a773f244898afee59000850e05",
            "input": "The narrator of this poem states that the world \"seems to lie before us like a land of dreams\" and has \"neither joy, nor love, nor light.\" The speaker of this poem tells its reader to \"Come to the window\" because \"sweet is the night-air,\" and notes that \"the moon lies fair.\" He states that he could only hear the \"melancholy, long, withdrawing roar,\" but recalls that \"Sophocles long ago / heard it on the Aegean.\" Beginning with the line \"the sea is calm tonight,\" For 10 points, name this poem in which \"ignorant armies clash by night,\" a work by Matthew Arnold.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d7112e3d3e324077a82fe90e741f6ef3",
            "input": "This author criticized the Negritude movement with the line, \"\"A tiger does not proclaim its tigritude. \"\" In the preface to one work, this author claims that Europeans \"\"have no respect for what [they] do not understand\"\" in a conversation between Olunde and Jane Pilkings. In addition to that play focusing on Elesin's death ritual, this author depicted the seduction of Sidi by the impotent chief (*) Baroka in another play. For 10 points, name this author of Death and the King's Horseman and The Lion and the Jewel.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b8a4a3c1ffbe47b491520de252668f19",
            "input": "One aria in this opera begins with the speaker claiming that she can give a man some toast, and goes on to claim that love awaits the title character. Another aria from this opera ends if I love you, youd best beware! The peasant girl Micaela informs the male lead that his mother is dying, while Lieutenant Zuniga attempts to interrogate the female lead when she is brought in for knife-fighting with another woman. Containing the Toreador Song and Habanera, for 10 points, name this opera about Don Jose, the bullfighter Escamillo, and the titular gypsy, by Georges Bizet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a9132b868ee34ce48a1cad8b19297077",
            "input": "His opera called The Death of Saint Almenne was first orchestrated by Nicolas Basri and Harry Halbreich, the man who catalogued his works. He included movements like \"March\" and \"Psalm: O Shall I Raise mine Eyes unto the Mountains\" in his oratorio about King David. This author of an Intrada in C for Trumpet and Piano wrote a third symphony in which the second movement De profundis clamavi and the third movement Dona Nobis Pacem take their names from parts of the requiem mass, a reference to its title Symphonie Liturgique. Another work by this composer of The Goat Dance accompanies the Rugby movement and was used in a Jean Mitry film in which it depicts the acceleration of a train. For 10 points name this member of Les Six and composer of Pacific 231.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-951ceb49e54e4a728413013beeefa472",
            "input": "This artist drew a large white cross stretching the entire length of the background of a lithograph titled  Tightrope Walker, and late in life this artist painted a male and female in front of a brown background studded with jewel-like colors in The Travelling Circus. A copper etching by this artist shows a winged angel that was said to be the image of the \"angel of history\" by Walter Benjamin, and this artist also painted a group of (*) colored arches that appear to be marching. This artist of Angelus Novus  and Viaducts Break Ranks wrote a Pedagogical Sketchbook, and his notebooks collect his lectures on art from the Bauhaus. Another work by this artist shows a pit under a wire and crank, on which four birds are perched. For 10 points, name this German-Swiss artist of Twittering Machine.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-aeb1a840d7c1425db96cd5ca74dc826f",
            "input": "Among his military reforms was the conscription of every young man in his country for a commitment of twenty years. He employed innovative squadrons with a core of two companies of pikemen and a company of musketeers on each flank. After defeating his cousin, Zygmunt III, he was free to concentrate on the continent. This son of Charles IX did so to the dismay of Graf von Tilly at in Pomerania and at Breitenfeld. FTP, name this man killed at Lutzen, the Swedish monarch during the first half of the Thirty Years' War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5a8e3bce25a745e684d789dcda4cdcc2",
            "input": "The exploits of the Spanish heroes Rengo, Tucapel, and Lautaro are recounted by Alonso de Ercilla in this nation's founding epic, La Araucana. Creacionismo was a Modernist literary movement created in Paris by a poet from this country, Vicente Huidobro. A more recent novelist from this nation wrote the memoir The Boom in Spanish-American Literature: A Personal History, as well as a novel in which the narrator Humberto takes on various guises, including The Mute and El Imbunche, while ostensibly telling the story of the deformed Boy, whose father Jeronimo surrounds him with freaks so he'll seem normal. Along with the author of The Obscene Bird of Night, Jose Donoso, this nation also produced the author of Crepusculario and Residence on Earth, as well as a collection of poems that includes \"Tonight I Can Write. \" For 10 points this is what nation, home to Pablo Neruda",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be0fec459dc043708e02f20669cb3d4d",
            "input": "The artist owed much of this painting to his friend Nicolaus Kratzer, who sent him many of the pieces exhibited in it. Kratzer did not provide the silver crucifix that peeks out in the top left corner nor did he provide the large object at the bottom that is distorted via anomorphic projection. An expanse of green drapery sets of the background, and in the center we see such things as a torquetum, a quadrant, a lute, and a sundial. Though the artist titled this work Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve, the painting is now know by another name. FTP, name this 1533 Hans Holbein depiction of a pair of emissaries.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-08b753324885463092303a35795d1cb4",
            "input": "Lambert Simnel claimed to be the Earl of Warwick thus threatening this man's newly established reign. This ruler led twenty-five thousand troops at the Battle of Deptford to put down the Cornish Rebellion. This ruler killed John de la Pole, the first Earl of Lincoln, at the Battle of Stoke Field. Francis Lovell, the first Viscount Lovell, in tandem with Humphrey and Thomas Stafford led rebellions against this ruler. In order to form an alliance with Maximilian I, this ruler ratified the Treaty of Medina del Campo which married his oldest son to a Spanish princess. For 10 points, name this king of England who defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field thus ending the Lancaster versus York conflict known as the War of the Roses and then subsequently starting the Tudor dynasty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c984b7126eb84e8fb81137b1603ade7b",
            "input": "One work with this name was commissioned by the National Music Camp in 1974, and the second of its three movements is an Adagio subtitled The Untold Want. The composer of that work discussed composing it at age 80 in the same interview with David Williams in which he noted that it was Sibelius rather than Nielsen that had influenced his Nordic Symphony. Another work by this title is a setting of the same text as the first movement of Roy Harriss Symphony for Voices. Both its baritone and soprano soloists are featured in its fourth and final movement, a setting of the poem Passage to India known as The Explorers, which is preceded by Scherzo: The Waves. For 10 points, identify this title shared by Howard Hansons seventh and Ralph Vaughan Williams first symphonies, settings of such poems from Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass as Joy, Shipmate, Joy! and On the Beach at Night Alone.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b8d0659f4a6f46d48cc6f61e65b9946d",
            "input": "At the age of 28, he solved the famous Basel problem, and he discovered the law of quadratic reciprocity. His contributions to number theory include the invention of the totient function, which gives the number of positive integers less than and coprime to a positive integer n. He developed analytic number theory, where he developed the theory of hyperbolic functions, and he is also considered the father of graph theory with the solving of the famous Knigsberg Bridge problem. FTP, name this most prolific mathematician in history, whose famous namesake formula connects complex numbers and trigonometry, and who was the namesake for the symbol of the natural log base.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82aa670a8ada43eeb1803a6defe0a0bf",
            "input": "With Harvey Carr this man explored the importance of \"kinaestheic sensations\" in rats running a maze, causing them to run into a wall in his kerplunk experiment, and he argued that thinking was a form of \"sub vocal speaking. \"  Author of a work subtitled \"An Introduction to Comparative Psychology,\" he worked in advertising late in life and is credited with inventing the coffee break. With Rosalie Rayner he performed an experiment that involved making loud noises, resulting in a young boy growing afraid of furry white things, especially a rat. For 10 points, identify this performer of the Little Albert experiment, the founder of behaviorism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f47c1b82667c48999c32c65275407438",
            "input": "This man's wife was so enraged by his infidelities that she put a curse on him that made him discharge scorpions, serpents, and millipedes if and when he slept with other women. One of his daughters was Apollo's first love, and one of his sons was revived by the seer Polyeidus after drowning in a jar of honey. He captured Nisa after being presented with the magical purple lock of hair of King Nisus by Nisus's daughter Scylla. The siege of Nisa was part of a campaign to avenge the death of his son Androgeus, whose ambush was plotted by Aegeus. He finally achieved vengeance by compelling a certain city to pay a tribute of fourteen youths every nine years. FTP, name this father of Phaedra and Ariadne, a king of Crete who ordered the building of the Labyrinth.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4715c26b840247028d11e809e53c0854",
            "input": "In one of this author's stories, Vincent Moon is marked with a crescent scar after selling out an Irish revolutionary. In another of his stories, a wizard dreams up a son, but later realizes he is a dream himself. This author of \"The Form of the Sword\" and \"The Circular Ruins\" also created a character outraged that his landlords, Zunino and Zungri, will tear down his house. In that story, the narrator concludes that the \"true\" title object lies in a pillar at a (*) mosque at Cairo and is bored by the recitation of the poem \"The Earth\" by Carlos Argentino Daneri. This author wrote about a point containing all other points in \"The Aleph.\" For 10 points, name this blind Argentine writer of The Garden of Forking Paths.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0fff77c82a93406baa8a506e9b5573e5",
            "input": "This artist created a headless, armless nude in The Walking Man. This man was accused of having casted a live model to create one work whose subject is clenching his fist. This artist of The Age of Bronze depicted two lovers about to perform the title action in The Kiss, which was originally a part of a larger work inspired by Dante called The Gates of Hell. His most famous sculpture depicts a meditative man who is resting his chin on his hand which in turn rests on his kneww. For 10 points, name this sculptor of The Burghers of Calais and The Thinker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-41a0bd7865774747998634cd439c693f",
            "input": "In one poem, this poet described how \"this air I gather and release\" was lived on by a man who \"fired France for Mary without spot.\" This poet claimed that \"after-comers cannot guess the beauty been\" in a poem about the felling of his \"aspens dear.\" This poet of \"Duns Scotus's Oxford\" and \"Binsey Poplars\" asked, \"Why do men then now not reck his rod\" in a poem whose subject \"will flame out, like shining from shook foil.\" Another of his poems describes \"fresh-firecoal chestnut-falls\" and \"rose-moles all in stipple upon trout that swim\" and begins, \"Glory be to God for dappled things.\" For 10 points, name this British poet, a proponent of sprung rhythm who wrote \"Pied Beauty\" and \"God's Grandeur.\"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-56fca323c2b340bea76650d69e37a45a",
            "input": "In the pituitary gland, stimulation by LHRH causes repeated spikes in the cytosolic concentration of this ion, while the TRP channel opens in response to low levels of this ion in the endoplasmic reticulum. This ion is necessary for the formation of tight junctions, and cell-cell adhesion is prevented in solutions deficient in this ion, but only when expressing E-cadherin. A rise in the concentration of this ion causes secretion of insulin, and myosin light-chain kinase is activated by a complex of four of these ions and a certain protein. For 10 points, name this ion that binds to calmodulin and is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, best known for being the most prevalent cation in bone matrix.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7543f2b417d742309caffffbf2f27aa5",
            "input": "\"The Racing Cutter\" and \"Phoebus Apollo turned fasting friar\" are just two of the nicknames for people in this novel invented by the title character's neighbor, Mrs. Mountstuart Jackson. The character of Vernon Whitford was drawn from Leslie Stephen, while Dr. Middleton was based on Thomas Love Peacock. Having already been rejected by Constantia Durham, the title character pursues Clara Middleton by winning her father's support with his family port. However, through the intervention of Crossjay, the titular nobleman is jilted again and must settle for Laetitia Dale. Sir Willoughby Patterne is, FTP, the \"self-interested\" title character of what George Meredith novel",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a536af42b6d24368b6428be923690e74",
            "input": "He sent out the talking bird Karshipta to spread his message to the people assembled in a vara by Yima, who had been warned to take shelter from a devastating winter. He had a group of messengers who included Mah and Zam, and which were known as the Yazata. His attendants include a being who guided the souls of the dead, Sraosa, and a goddess of fertility, Armaiti. Those seven attendants were known as \"Bounteous Immortals,\" or the Amesha Spentas, and were opposed to the Daevas. FTP, name this son of Zurvan and father of Ahriman and Ormuzd, the supreme deity of Zoroastrianism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5d9c68c2d8ad4e9481acc31f6159b3f9",
            "input": "An American author of this descent wrote about Agu, who's forced into combat by the evil Commandant and killed by Rambo in Beasts of No Nation. Another young author born in this country wrote of a protagonist who uses the help of TillyTilly to defeat her mean cousin Dulcie. Besides The Icarus Girl, another author born here told a \"\"Hunter's Saga\"\" in his best-known novel Forest of a Thousand Demons. That novel was translated from this country's native language by another author of this nation, who wrote the radio play A Scourge of Hyacinths, which was transmitted by the BBC in 1991. He also wrote about a man who says \"\"there are eggs and there are eggs\"\", and preaches sermons on public beaches because he doesn't have a church - that guy is the hypocrite Brother Jero. The missionary Captain Winterbottom appoints a character who's pressured to call the feast of the new yam in another book. FTP, name this African country, which produced novels like Sozaboy and Arrow of God.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fbfc50ad264d48ee81f9da6d64ad0165",
            "input": "The sculptures Wave and The Age of Maturity were produced by this mans student and lover Camille Claudel. Other works by him include one in which a wounded soldier slumps against the shrieking winged spirit of war, The Call To Arms, and a highly criticized one which depicted an author wrapped in a robe, Honore de Balzac. Another work, inspired by Michelangelos Dying Slave, drew accusations that this man cast it from a living model. In addition to The Age of Bronze, he memorialized a siege of the Hundred Years War in The Burghers of Calais. For 10 points, identify this sculptor, whose never-used Gates of Hell were to have contained The Kiss and The Thinker.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-672438170fe04b2299ba6d0ab3d44382",
            "input": "He was influenced by the Utrecht School and Carel Fabritius, of whose works he owned several and under whom he may also have studied. Among his less famous works are Woman with a Balance, whose wide interpretations include the soul's peril before worldly temptation, female virtue or grace, or the divine truth of revealed religion, while he is also known for several paintings featuring women reading letters such as Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window, and for his allegory The Art of Painting sometimes known as The Artist in His Studio. Only recently firmly believed to be the actual painter of one of the works best associated with him, FTP name this artist of Girl with a Pearl Earring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d344442c0f84ca8aafff571cfd2adec",
            "input": "This man unsuccessfully led a fleet at the Battle of Valcour Island and was briefly relieved of command after suffering leg wounds at Bemis Heights. This man was en route to Philadelphia when the Battle of Ridgefield broke out, which led to his promotion to major general. His most famous action was triggered when he was passed over for a promotion by the Continental Congress and was accused of malfeasance by other officers. This man showed great heroism at Fort Ticonderoga with Ethan Allen and at the Battle of Saratoga. For 10 points, name this traitor who attempted to sell West Point to the British during the Revolutionary War.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b950dceaa53841bda1159b89babc437f",
            "input": "In an 1891 painting in which this man depicted his wife sitting in \"the conservatory,\" she wears a black dress and has her hands folded in her lap. In another painting of the early 1890s, this man depicted a table on which are placed a white teapot, a jug, several pears and a plate of five peaches. More famously, this man produced a series of paintings of a large, squat mountain which he could see from the windows of his studio. As a young man in Provence, he befriended the writer Emile Zola, who wrote about this man in his novel The Masterpiece. FTP, name this French artist who created many depictions of still-lifes, Mont Sainte-Victoire, and the painting The Card Players.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea8fff46f0354f55b198f515fa73bcec",
            "input": "Its hegemony began when its first great king seized control of Allada and the coastal town of Wydah. Its last king, Behanzin, tried to reestablish dominance, but following the defeat of the Tukolors, the French destroyed this empire and exiled its royalty to Martinique. King Gezo had revived it earlier when it had been eclipsed briefly by the Oyo, but it was Agaja and his fearful Amazons that first brought it prominence. FTP, identify this dominant slave trading empire of 19th-century West Africa, which took its name from its capital of Abomey.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-06943b0634664c7995cfe82bf61651f0",
            "input": "In a painting by this artist inspired by a James Thomson poem, a fishing platform is visible in the foreground while men and cupids throng around the title water feature. This painter of The Fountain of Indolence depicted two indistinct pink swirls next to some crosshatches that the Tate theorizes make up a fishing net in another work. Another painting by this artist captures the last moments of a ghostly (*) vessel that had fought in the Battle of Trafalgar as she is \"tugged to her last berth.\" This painter of Sunrise with Sea Monsters showed manacled limbs emerging from the water as the Zong prepares for a typhoon in one painting, and depicted an obscured black train hurtling across the Maidenhead bridge in another. For 10 points, name this English artist of The Fighting Temeraire, The Slave Ship, and Rain, Steam and Speed.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-51b4d802743341ebaeca31b23065fdb3",
            "input": "Ed Kienholz included a television in his sculpture To Mourn A Dead [This], and the earliest British hill-figure is a depiction of this found at Uffington. These animals are depicted in Alfred Stieglitz's The Terminal, and sculptures depicting this animal include Francois Girardon's Marcus Curtius Throwing himself into the Flames and the Classical-era Regisole. A study of this animal in motion, created with a zoopraxiscope, was conducted by Edward Muybridge and proved that the \"flying\" posture assumed by these animals in Gericault's Epsom Derby was impossible. For 10 points, name this animal featured in Donatello's Gattamelata, Frederic Remington's Bronco Buster and numerous other equestrian statues.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38c6059237554beaa2d484503b1f2385",
            "input": "This thinker claimed something is beautiful if it seems to have been designed with purpose despite any obvious practical use, a term called the \"form of finality.\" In another work, this thinker argues that mathematics and science contain synthetic a priori knowledge because scientific truths are universally true, independent of experience. He introduced a concept that states people should act only according to that maxim, which they will to become a universal law without contradiction. This concept, true in and of- itself, is called the categorical imperative. For 10  points, name this philosopher who authored The Critique of Judgment, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, and the Critique of Pure Reason.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87b338d7acce4ce499a12e7987a2bb3d",
            "input": "Two members of this group, William Hushka and Eric Carlson, were killed in a confrontation with the 12th Infantry and 3rd Calvary, while its second action the following year was more peaceful. Organized in support of the Putnam Bill, this group was led by Walter W. Waters, while retired general Smedley Butler was its most prominent supporter. Following the Senate's rejection of the Putnam Bill, Douglas MacArthur led a military campaign to clear this group from its campground in the Anacostia Flats. For 10 points, name this group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington in 1932 to demand early payment of after service compensation.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-80aafd95ae5a48c8b7aad8bf0164298d",
            "input": "All fundamental solutions of this result are generated from pairs of relatively prime integers which aren't both odd. Most proofs use either similarity arguments, the dissection of plane figures, or shears; the latter being the case in Proposition 47 of Euclid's Elements. For ten points, what theorem was demonstrated by Leonardo da Vinci and James Garfield, but was first proven 2500 years ago",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b500001ffc6344c69373a94965d8c87f",
            "input": "In this painting, the colonial print and flowers on the woman's dress symbolize domestic care and the traditional role of women in society. The two figures in this work were modeled after the artist's dentist and sister. The man has a cross look on his face and symbolizes hard labor by holding a pitchfork. For 10 points, name this work by Grant Wood, which symbolized America in the 1930s.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1e9722c9ba441708fb89dbf0526dc25",
            "input": "A key strategy in this battle saw the winning side successfully attack Old Vineyards and implement the \"Lion's Leap\" maneuver against Pratecky Hill, while many of the losing side's casualties were incurred after fleeing troops made a poorly-chosen dash across the Satschan ponds and drowned. The victorious commander lost only one battalion, at the hands of Grand Duke Constantine's Imperial Guard, and ordered Davout's men into a breakneck march to reach the Southern border of the battlefield. That commander chose the troops under Bernadotte as the elite reserve force, characteristically committing them at the moment of crisis in a charge on the Pratzen Heights. This battle forced the surrender of Venice to the Italian puppet state in the Treaty of Pressburg, and saw the defeat of troops led by Francis II and Alexander I. For 10 points, name this \"Battle of the Three Emperors\" which saw Napoleon smash the Third Coalition.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-30c464eb4e0347f99bc6beb84d901106",
            "input": "This principle explains why the use of greater camber allows for the operation of certain objects. This theorem explains the changes that happen to certain molecules inside a Venturi tube. If there is no vertical change in height, the equation for this law simplifies to one half the density times velocity squared plus the pressure. This principle states that an increase in fluid velocity results in a decrease in fluid pressure. For 10 points, name this principle devised by a Swiss mathematician that helps explain the ability of airplanes to achieve lift.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f8d41fb3cc0454b8c64a415e484147f",
            "input": "Though a long version called a buisine (bwee-zeen) was replaced by a shorter version in about 1300, the modern version only came into use about 1815. Made with a cylindrical bore, the piccolo version was created in D for compositions with high registers such as those of Handel and Bach. The more typical B flat version has a range of about three octaves from the F sharp below the treble staff. FTP, name this close relative of the coronet, the instrument of Miles Davis and Wynton Marsalis.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-692e140de8074ade875464f4b1964096",
            "input": "Their levels are homeostatically regulated by the DELLA nuclear repressors, which are ubiquitinated by the SCF-GID1 complex. The final step in their synthesis uses kaurenoic acid oxidase to remove a carbon, creating a characteristic diterpenoid structure. They were originally discovered as a metabolic by-product of a pathogen that causes bakanae, or foolish seedling disease. In adults, they induce flowering and fruit formation, but their main action occurs in seeds. Antagonistic to abscissic acid, this is, FTP, which plant hormone which induces stem growth in adult plants and germination in seeds",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5185092896da483a9bf7b6629091bceb",
            "input": "Recent observations of this body have revealed a bright West Virginia-sized spot on its surface just southeast of the Xanadu region. The only noble gas found on it is argon-40, leading to speculation that its primary distinguishing feature is generated by outgassing from the interior. Its surface temperature and atmospheric pressure were first measured by Voyager I, though the most detailed information about this satellite comes from the Huygens probe, which landed on its surface in 2005 and discovered lakes of liquid hydrocarbons near its polar regions. The only satellite in the solar system with clouds and a dense atmosphere, FTP, identify this second largest moon in the solar system and the largest moon of Saturn.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-958030bcd26e42c397942c5303d60f8f",
            "input": "After centuries of revolts, such as the Thokoly Uprising, limited autonomy for what is now this country was guaranteed in the Augsleich.This country's Nazi puppet government was led by the Arrow Cross Party, and in 1919 it was briefly led by the Soviet-style government of Bela Kun. Much of its territory was lost in the Treaty of Trianon, and under Imre Nagy (NAJ), this nation made a failed attempt to leave the Warsaw Pact in 1956. The medieval ancestor of this modern-day country was founded by Stephen I, leader of the Magyars. FTP, name this country which was nominally joined with Austria before World War I.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d4308df0217048758a3358a0be0222a5",
            "input": "This author wrote a novel in which the Marquis Tudesco tries to help the title character become a good citizen, The Aspirations of Jean Servien. One of this author's characters runs into Madame Trepof, whose husband collects match-boxes, after acquiring a Clark Alexander translation of The Golden Legend of Jacques de Voragine. In another of his novels, a certain society's property rights are established by knocking each other on the head. That novel, in which Charlemagne is represented by Draco the Great, features a discussion between God and the saints about the validity of the snow-blind Breton monk Mael's baptism of the title animals. For 10 points, name this French author of The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard and Penguin Island.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-356f93354a324501a37fffe6ae788e0b",
            "input": "If two variates obey this, their difference obeys a Skellam distribution. It has moment-generating function e to the quantity lambda times quantity e to the t minus one, where lambda is the only parameter on which this distribution depends. Bortkiewicz called it the \"law of small numbers\" after noting that it models rates of rare events like radioactive decays or horse-kick deaths. This function gives as lambda to the n times e to the minus lambda over n factorial as the probability of n successes from a large number of the trials named for its French namesake. FTP, name this distribution usually symbolized P.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4bdf6fadb5574fa7a3b5a2cb5e47054f",
            "input": "According to Charles Burney, its first use in an opera came in Johann Christian Bach's Orione. Two pioneering concertoes for it were written by F. X. Pokorny, while an early set of six concertoes for it was written by J. M. Molter. Max Reger wrote three sonatas for this instrument and piano, a combination also employed in Schumann's Opus 73, a set of three \"fantasy pieces. \"  Heinrich Baermann inspired Carl Maria von Weber to write two concertoes for it, while Hermstedt was the original soloist in the four concertoes for it by Louis Spohr. One of its early virtuosi was Anton Stadler, for whom the \"Kegelstatt Trio\" was composed by Mozart. More recent performers include Gervase de Payer, for whom Thea Musgrave wrote a concerto, and a man for whom Copland's concerto and Bartok's Contrasts were written. FTP, name this musical instrument, whose noted performers include Woody Herman, Artie Shaw, and Benny Goodman.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82cc695971664a1cb5a0c200664a4d9c",
            "input": "Some of the parenchyma cells which help form this tissue are grouped together to form rays that radiate horizontally. Vessel elements do not occur in most conifers and are more highly specialized for transport, while the elongate tracheids have thick, hard, secondary cell walls which become interrupted with pits after their lengthwise growth has ceased. FTP, identify this complex of conducting and supporting tissue that conducts water and dissolved mineral nutrients in vascular plants.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c308954dd824178bf85f96ad1d1de2a",
            "input": "After a successful attack by the Saxons against this man, he retaliated by executing 4500 Saxons in a single day. His focus on the destruction of Pamplona led to his inability to capture Zaragoza. He put down a revolt by Hunald, and distaste with his wife Fastrada led to a minor revolt by Pepin the Hunchback. This ruler's court was centered around a unique octagonal chapel at the royal capitol of Aachen, where this ruler died after bathing in the warm springs. The brother of Carloman and son of Pepin the Short, FTP, identify this second Carolingian king, crowned emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in 800, with a name meaning Charles the Great.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b47915cac4ab40acb3cb50f753c5b3c5",
            "input": "He used Persian myth as the basis for his oratorio Paradise and the Peri and wrote of the love triangle between Siegfried, Golo, and the title woman in his only opera. Two sections of another worked are marked hastig and einfach und zart, those are the middle sections of his ironically titled Humoreske. The sequence A-E flat  C- B represents the Asch motif in his Carnaval, which also includes sections denoted \"Florestan\" and \"Eusebius\". He dedicated Kreisleriana to Chopin, and later works include the five-movement Rhenish Symphony. FTP, identify this husband of Clara Wieck whose first symphony is also known as Spring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-92e2dd54dc204dcd900ef18916a2d5c3",
            "input": "Alexander McLeod was arrested after drunkenly discussing his role in this event, and Amos Durfree was killed during it. The group behind it set up a headquarters on Navy Island under the command of Rensselaer van Rensselaer, and targeted an object owned by William Wells which carried supplies to aid William Mackenzie. That item was ultimately captured, set on fire, and sent over Niagara Falls. For 10 points, name this 1837 incident in which the namesake American commercial steamer was destroyed by some rowdy Canadians, nearly causing war with Britain.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-05e55a43a2bc4178822220d151d72845",
            "input": "This man was praised for his stoic response when his sons Nadav and Avihu were struck down by fire. His possessions included a staff which was left in the sanctuary with those of the princes, whereupon it blossomed and produced sweet and bitter almonds, as well as a breastplate which featured the Urim and Thummim. He cured the plague after the rebellion of the Korah, and the kohenim are the direct male descendents of this man, as was John the Baptist. Though he criticized his brother, a stammerer, for marrying a Cushite woman, this Levite was saved by his brother from the Lord's wrath after he erected a golden calf for the Israelites. FTP, name this brother of Moses.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f35eb6004884418393935991c9225494",
            "input": "One reaction of this type reacts alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls with Hantzsch esters under amine catalysis. Discoverers of an asymmetric version of this reaction used in the industrial synthesis of L-DOPA from an achiral arene won part of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. That asymmetric form of this reaction can be catalyzed by ruthenium-BINAP complexes developed by Noyori. A square-planar tris(triphenylphosphine) rhodium(I) complex was developed in 1966 to homogeneously catalyze this reaction; that is Wilkinson's catalyst. When this reaction is incomplete, it can result in cis-trans isomerization, and thus its \"partial\" form is responsible for the production of trans fats. For 10 points, name this reduction that involves reacting a substrate with the namesake light gas.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fee1ed284cd14ec5ad045ac94686f2fc",
            "input": "In the extended title of his most famous work this economist claims to respond to the speculations of William Godwin and the Marquis de Condorcet. From 1805-34 professor at the East India Company's college at Haileybury, he wrote 1820's Principles of Political Economy and An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent, but is best-known for a 1798 work in which he uses the argument that one element of society increases at an arithmetic rate, while another increases at a geometric rate, implying the need for moral restriant, crime, disease, war, and vice. FTP, who was this author of An Essay on the Principle of Population",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d0f1c20dcfdb459884fd6dbc0cdef52f",
            "input": "This structure's namesake trafficking regulator gene is mutated in sufferers of ChediakHigashi syndrome, in which these structures are both abnormally enlarged and reduced in number. Proteins targeted to this organelle have mannose 6-phosphate residues. Tay-Sachs disease is characterized by the accumulation of gangliosides in these organelles, which can fuse with phagosomes. Found only in animal cells, these organelles have a pH of approximately five, and are prone to storage diseases. FTP name this cell organelle that has digestive enzymes for breaking down certain cell parts.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ea1deee8e96149d28a06f78a5480f093",
            "input": "This functionality can be used as a stereoselective directing group when using diiodomethane and zinc to form a cyclopropane ring from an alkene. Ketones are enantioselectively converted into a compound of this type using borane and a chiral ox-aza-boro-li-dine catalyst. Tartrates can be used to control stereochemistry when reacting allylic compounds of this type with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and a titanium catalyst to form epoxides with this functionality. An allylic compound of this type can be produced by reacting stoichiometric quantities of an alkene and an (*) aldehyde under high temperature, acidic conditions. These compounds are formed stereoselectively if hydrogen peroxide is used immediately after a hydroboration reaction. Under acidic conditions a carbonyl group can react with a molecule of this type to form a hemiacetal, and a molecule of this type can also react with an alkyl halide to make an ether. For 10 points, name this type of compound which can react with a carboxylic acid to form an ester.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4cd09ae4519f4ff6951a2584275f52b0",
            "input": "This painting's companion piece, The Olive Trees, features a wispy, yellow cloud in the sky; both of those pieces were created during the artist's stay an asylum at Saint-Remy. A church steeple can be seen near the center of this work, which also features a glowing yellow crescent moon in the upper right corner and large, flamelike cypress trees in the foreground. For 20 points, name this painting featuring a swirling deep blue sky dotted by the title celestial objects, which was created by Vincent Van Gogh.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-17a5e434fff7400c8113b92c050d2f3b",
            "input": "They often form stacks of G-quadruplexes with potassium or sodium ions between each quadruplex. They are not necessary or present in most prokaryotes, especially those with circular DNA, and are only maintained in the germ cells of multicellular eukaryotes. When they become uncapped, they can lead to apoptosis or senescence of somatic cells, which may be the root of normal aging. Considered the solution to Watson's \"end-replication problem,\" FTP, identify these repeated nucleotide sequences that protect and define the ends of chromosomes.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-59c916ecd1e642b7ba84efde4b78a731",
            "input": "During his reign, his forces defeated Spain at Jarbah and lost in a battle with the Knights of St. John in an attempt to capture Malta. While serving as governor in the Crimea, he helped his father to build an army. A principle known as the \"circle of justice\" guided the legal kanuns which he set up, and he supported the ascension of John Zapolya following one of his military victories. Against Rhodes, he used the naval forces enhanced by his grandfather Bayezid II and led by Khayr ad-Din or Barbarossa, though he later failed at the first siege of Vienna. The winner at Mohacs and son of Selim the Grim, this is, FTP, what Ottoman Sultan, who oversaw that empire's \"golden age\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f2902afa19ce4ce1872dc96585612e3b",
            "input": "One of these characters, Hylonome, loyally committed suicide after the death of her husband Cyllarus. Two of them named Hylaeus and Rhaecus were killed by Meleager in defense of Atalanta. One of these characters, the son of Cronus and the nymph Philyra, rescued the unarmed Peleus and traded his immortality for the life of Prometheus, while another one gave a shirt soaked in his poisoned blood to (*) Deianeira. Many of them lived on Mount Pelion, and most stories consider them the children of Ixion and Nephele. One of them named Eurytus drunkenly attempted to abduct Hippodamia, sparking a massive fight with the Lapiths which did not involve the most famous example of them, the wise teacher Chiron. For 10 points, name these mythical creatures whose bodies were half-man and half-horse.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-38d7fe34160f4965bf42a2fa2a8aed01",
            "input": "When Marc Chagall became director of the Vitebsk School of Art in 1918, he invited this man to teach under him; but shortly thereafter, during a brief Chagall absence, he took over the school and dismissed him. A member of the Knave of Diamonds group and a participant in the 1912 Donkey's Tail exhibition, he was once arrested for distributing banned literature. For 10 points, who was this artist of Yellow Parallelogram on White and Suprematist Composition: White on White",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-415002d3b07442bfb5b94a1690a4fee6",
            "input": "Much of this tissue's extracellular matrix consists of proteoglycans, primarily aggrecan bound to a hyaluronan backbone. The aggrecan core protein is heavily glycosylated by keratin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, making it very negatively charged and extremely hydrated, properties which lead to its cushioning effect. Collagen fibrils give the matrix tensile strength, while the chondrocytes make up only a small percentage of tissue volume. FTP, name this non-vascular tissue that is found in the trachea, ear lobes, at the tip of the nose, and in joints.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ad36ffbd28c495a986560d9943835f6",
            "input": "A type of vegetation called fynbos is found in this country, which is also home to the Karoo [kuh-ROO], a semi-arid plateau. This country extracts natural gas offshore of Mossel Bay, and its city of Germiston is a railroad hub. North West is one of this country's nine provinces, and Venda is one of its eleven official languages. A political prison was once located on Robben Island seven miles offshore of this country. Swaziland is mostly surrounded by this country, and Lesotho is completely surrounded by it. For 10 points, name this country whose cities include Pretoria, Cape Town, and Johannesburg.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3e5c6df5893453c9734103527a56e7e",
            "input": "In a section of this work, the speaker addresses the title creature with the words \"Ah you who are silent!\". This work that includes \"White Bee\" describes \"white hills, white thighs\" in \"Body of a Woman\". Including \"Drunk with Pines\" and \"Ah Vastness of Pines\", this collection ends with the line \"It is the hour of departure. Oh abandoned one!\". Its final poem accuses the addressee of \"swallowing everything\" and repeats the lament \"in you everything sank!\". Its penultimate poem opens \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines\". For 10 points, name this somewhat erotic collection of romantic poems by Pablo Neruda.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6dad0a79ed9d4bd5a4f40ca667115477",
            "input": "One art movement in this country, Renaixensa (RON-uh-SEN-shuh), influenced an architect that designed a park that includes terrace walls designed to look like the nests of birds. That architect of Park Guell (GWELL) also designed an unfinished art nouveau cathedral in this country. This country is the location of the Sagrada Familia (suh-GRAH-DAH fuh-mil-YAH), as well as an art museum designed by Frank Gehry, which has an organic fish scale like appearance. That museum is this country's Guggenheim, located in its city of Bilbao (bill-BOW). For 10 points, name this country whose Prado art museum is located in Madrid.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f30dc1064d994723bb5fd3732a7bd4cb",
            "input": "Its third section discusses various kinds of its namesake \"literature,\" and compares certain German writers to monks who wrote \"silly lives of Catholic saints\" over ancient manuscripts. That section mentions Karl Grn as the classical type of a kind of \"foul and enervating literature,\" and derides as \"duodecimo editions of the New Jerusalem\" such concepts as the \"Home Colonies\" and \"Little Icaria. \"  Its second section claims that upper class marriage is merely a \"system of wives in common\" in which men amuse themselves by seducing each others' wives, and offers ten applications of its philosophy, including confiscation of the land of emigrants and rebels. In its fourth and last section, it describes temporary alliances with Polish agrarians and French Social Democrats, though it notes that its immediate interests are in a projected German revolution. FTP, name this 1848 pamphlet which claims that a specter is haunting Europe, a work written by Marx and Engels.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-89c7dff01507419dbc9b76757e00e834",
            "input": "An early work by this artist shows a centaur blowing a conch as Neptune arrives in a seashell, and another of his works shows George Augustus Elliot pointing toward a sinking ship at the Siege of Gibraltar. One of his paintings shows the title character meeting Faith dressed in a bright white robe and Hope dressed in blue, while another is a portrait of Henry Pelham who has a rodent enchained. In addition to The Red Cross Knight and Boy with a Squirrel, he painted a portrait of Paul Revere, and another of his works shows a man ready to strike a fish as a young man struggles to reach for a helping hand. For 10 points, name this painter of Watson and the Shark.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0b28687bfc9640bba55348fedb4ccb4b",
            "input": "This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs). This nation's Henry the Navigator promoted exploration, and its explorers were the first Europeans to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail to India. Those explorers were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama. For 10 points, name this country that colonized Brazil.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e8ba2f14db54b3eaccee27d59b6712b",
            "input": "He earned the nickname \"Kid Gloves\" because he wore kid gloves to protect his hands from skin infection, which some say cost him the working class vote. Some of his writings included This Country of Ours, a series of essays on how the federal government works. During the Civil War, he raised the 70th Indiana Volunteer Regiment, becoming a brigadier general in 1865. While in office, he signed the McKinley Tariff Act, which primarily led to his downfall. When James Blaine, the leading Republican, declined a presidential nomination, this man and Levi Morton, for vice president, became the Republican duo. FTP, name this 23rd president, elected in 1888, who interrupted Grover Cleveland's two terms.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5e7a8e503e5418eaf5fcbf3dc66f08f",
            "input": "Besides his work with Igor Stravinsky, Robert Craft is also known for trying to record all of this man's works, including a collection that features the pieces \"Ausdrucksweise\" and \"Landsknechte\" though it closes with the more homophonic \"Verbundenheit. \" Besides his Opus 35 6 Pieces for Male Chorus, this man's Opus 13 is his Friede auf Erden, while his second string quartet ends with a setting for soprano of the poem \"Entrckung. \" Another work follows an orchestral interlude with the \"Voice of the Wood Dove\" and has voices representing Waldemar and Tove, characters drawn from the poems of Jens Peter Jacobsen. For 10 points, name this occasionally tonal composer of the Gurrelieder and Pierrot Lunaire.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c69439506a874ce698a3299559bfdb83",
            "input": "One of this piece's quirks is that audiences often forget etiquette and applaud after its third movement, a powerful march. The mood is set by an introduction in a dark register of the bassoon with a drone bass and sighing strings. The second movement, in uneven 5/4 time, might not be as memorable as the brass chorale interruption in the first movement, which features a melody from the Russian Requiem. It was named by the composer's brother as a reference to a sonata of the same name by Beethoven. FTP, identify this symphony of Pyotr Tchaikovsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b0184836f0274ec7aac122b4f4a27d0c",
            "input": "In one part of this work, a low note played after an ascending scale represents several drunken partygoers' unsuccessful attempts to stand up. Many modern performances play the melody louder than the plucked strings representing rain on a window, assuming that the composer's instructions to make the rain sound louder are erroneous. In another part of this piece, several violins represents a brook, the lead violin plays a shepherd, and a viola plays the part of a sheepdog. The shepherd's fear of Zephyr and Boreas are discussed in one of the poems which accompany this cycle, which is part of a larger work dedicated to Wenzel von Morzin entitled The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. FTP, name this concerto series depicting \"La Primavera,\" \"L'estate,\" \"L'autunno\" and \"L'inverno,\" which was composed by Antonio Vivaldi.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-db069ea3d93b410c95a4dce2a02d773d",
            "input": "Male commoners among one people from this country wore a sleeveless tunic called the \"onka,\" while the royalty wore a red woolen fringe around the forehead. One culture from this country sculpted the Raimondi Stela, and Bernabe Cobo wrote a history of the founding of this country's capital city. During the late 19th century, this country made huge profits by selling guano gathered from its (*) Chincha islands. This home of the Chavin culture and the Lord of Sipan was also home to an empire with a name meaning \"The Four Regions.\" That empire used knots of colored rope to encode information, and another culture from this country made giant geoglyphs depicting animals such as the pelican and the monkey. For 10 points, name this country home to the Nazca and the Inca.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c299018203484ebfb9fb8a98136fd050",
            "input": "Willy Lott is the owner of the building shown in this painting, in which a figure makes his way through thick hedges along the river at right, below which a boat is concealed. Four figures are plying their trade in a meadow across the river Stour opposite a cottage behind Flatford Mill, in front of which a small dog watches the main action. FTP, what is this famous painting depicting two men attempting to guide a large ox-drawn cart through the water, the masterpiece of John Constable",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5b59a8ca6afa4b35bd990da3a9cd5135",
            "input": "A ring of impact features on this body is named for Gaubatino. Kraken Mare is this body's largest known body of water. Although not Venus, this body's Ganesa Macula resemble pancake domes, and  was originally thought to be cryovolcanic. Xanadu is a large reflective region on the surface of this celestial body, and Xanadu shares a border with (*) Shangri-la on it. A mission partially named for Huygens, this body's discoverer, was sent to it in 2005, and found that it resembled a primordial  earth. This body is in close proximity to Norse, Gallic and Inuit groups of similar bodies, and Giovanni Cassini names prominent features of this satellite's largest neighbor; those features are rings. For 10  points, name this largest moon of Saturn.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6bf3db3475eb4df8b6025e81e8841996",
            "input": "During this mans first term, he appointed Norman Jay Coleman to be the first Secretary of Agriculture, and in a later term, J. Sterling Morton would occupy that role. Earlier, he had served as the mayor of Buffalo, during which time he earned a reputation as the veto mayor, and as governor of New York, he gained notoriety for opposing Tammany Hall. During his first term, the Interstate Commerce Commission was established, and during his second, he sent federal troops to intervene in the Pullman Strike. In his first election campaign, he defeated John St. John and James Blaine. For ten points, identify this President who served two discontinuous terms, elected in 1884 and 1892.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcb6fe60455c480183b8981e030c175f",
            "input": "This book opens with a quotation from a French priest commenting that religion gives many people an \"oceanic feeling\" in response to the author's previous publication which attacked religion as an illusion. It traces the parallel development of Eros and Thanatos in the course of human society. FTP, name this 1930 work by Freud which explains why some people don't like their own culture.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eccae8d67c614cfb8fbdf8936890e43b",
            "input": "The insertion of AQP2 into the apical membrane is caused by this hormone's GPCR stimulating the production of cAMP through the Gs protein. With CRH, this hormone is produced in parvocellular neurons and, also with it, stimulates the secretion of ACTH. The movement of this hormone is facilitated by neurophysin II. Deficiency of this hormone causes central diabetes insipidus. A syndrome of inappropriate secretion of this hormone normally results in hyponatremia. This nonapeptide is released from the posterior pituitary and is structurally similar to oxytocin. When bound to its V1 receptor, this hormone promotes vasoconstriction, and it increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules. For 10 points, identify this hormone that is downregulated by ethanol, thus making you have to pee a lot.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6faf2d2e5fb74c339f9af910566b7470",
            "input": "In this work, the author argues that communism's assumptions about human goodness are \"an untenable illusion\" and elsewhere, he uses modern Rome, with its many layers, as a metaphor for the \"oceanic feeling\" of oneness with eternity. Its author also argues that modern man has become nearly God-like, but is unsatisfied with this state. The author notes that the rules of the universe run counter to pleasure satisfaction, creating a struggle between Eros and Thanatos, and that the titular construct creates misery while promoting order. For 10 points, name this Sigmund Freud work which discusses dissatisfaction in modern society.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8f2d60900a77497a9762c466c258e5b6",
            "input": "This novel begins with a philosophical investigation into the idea of eternal return proposed by Nietzsche, but then goes on to refute that point, suggesting that events only happen once, and that the Hegelian dialectic is invalid. One character in this novel spends much of her time trying to degrade the uniqueness of the human body and shaming her impressionable, insecure daughter. Another character dreams of escaping life as a small town waitress when she meets the protagonist, a successful surgeon who likes to keep several mistresses on the side. Those characters, Tereza and Tomas go off into the country to deal with the pain caused by the titular concept and escape from the brutal oppression they encountered in their native city, Prague. For 10 points, name this masterpiece of modern Czech literature, one of the most famous works of Milan Kundera.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e78036460b64107b27031c7fd9cc45d",
            "input": "In this novel, the narrators husband is able to prevent a match between Pansy and Edward Rosier, and as a result, Pansy ends up in a convent. In a later episode, the countess Gemini tells the narrator about her brothers past, including the time when Madame Merle bore him a child. In an earlier episode in this novel, Henrietta arrives in Europe to write an article about its sites, and visits the narrator at Touchett house. Another guest at that house is the narrators English suitor, Lord Warburton, and through Henrietta, Caspar Goodwood learns of her whereabouts and is rejected. He later offers her marriage again after the deaath of her husband, Gilbert Osmond. For ten points, identify this first major success of Henry James, a novel about Isabel Archer.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e87858bb7aaf41e1a3a683a8e9481f15",
            "input": "The complaints of Francis Topham over not receiving appointments to some ecclesiastical courts provoked one of this author's works, a satire which depicts Topham as \"Trim\" seeking more than his \"watch-coat. \" In addition to A Political Romance, this author also wrote a work in which the protagonist allows a count to believe that he is the king's jester in Hamlet, allowing him to procure a passport to avoid arrest in a foreign country. This author wrote another novel with a character named Yorick, which does not discuss the birth of the title character until the fourth of nine volumes that make it up, and that title character is misnamed when Susannah is unable to tell Parson Yorick his intended name, leading to great disappointment for Walter, although Trim and Uncle Toby put less importance on it. For 10 points, name this English author of A Sentimental Journey and Tristram Shandy",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d120624bf30d447bb66484549d6a2b86",
            "input": "One of this mans stories concerns a false prophet who blinds all the women in his harem so they cant see that he is afflicted with leprosy. That tale of Hakim, the Masked Dyer of Merv joins Man on Pink Corner and several other stories in his collection A Universal History of Infamy. In addition to Tlon, Uqbar, Orbus Tertius, this author wrote about a Frenchman who sets out to recreate Cervantess masterpiece, and a story set in an infinite array of hexagonal rooms lined with bookshelves. For ten points, name this author whose stories Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote and The Library of Babel can be found in the collection Ficciones.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bdce1c2d173a469b899688907f80b366",
            "input": "The protagonist of one of his novellas unearths repressed memories like insulting an old man just because he had a great one-liner ready. In that novella by this author, a family of \"some ten or twelve\" daughters play games like \"proverbs\" and \"foxes and hounds\" at the expense of a main character who gets locked in a room for an hour in a game of \"hide-and-go-seek.\" The narrator of another novella by this author concocts elaborate plans to get revenge on an officer who had shoved him out of the way. This author created a girl who dies in the foster care of the Pogoreltsevs, and who turns out to be the daughter, not of (*) Trusotsky, but of Velchaninov. In the second section, \"Apropos of the Wet Snow,\" of one of his novellas, the protagonist accidentally shows up an hour early to a dinner party and gives a speech insulting all of Zverkov's friends. A novella by this author of The Eternal Husband begins \"I am a sick man...I am a wicked man.\" For 10 points, name this author of Notes from Underground.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fee1f4afb9eb414d85ae612283ff008a",
            "input": "He contrasted the lifestyle of \"the fleet nomads of desert lands\" with the intellectual ideas of Kotzebue and Schiller in his poem \"The Bedouin,\" and he critiqued Bruno Bauer and the Young Hegelians in a work he co-authored titled The Holy Family. During a trip to Manchester while working for a textile firm he took notes on the working class life that culminated into his first book, The Conditions of the Working Class in England in 1844, and his best known collaboration ends with the section \"Private Accumulation\" that talks about the \"economic original sin\" and critiques capitalism. For 10 points, name this philosopher, who edited Das Kapital after Karl Marx's death.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a15800f86fd246bfab9e877d44f9b433",
            "input": "After writing his Treatise on Probability, he contributed to the Cambridge cash-balance theory of money with his publication Tract on Monetary Reform, and responded to the Treaty of Versailles in his The Economic Consequences of the Peace. However, it was the work of Richard Kahn that resulted in his major idea, namely the multiplier effect arising from governmental spending. For ten points, name this British economist and author of The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24c487cad85b42a39e60980763ddd187",
            "input": "Ecclesiastically, it ended all religious persecution in Germany and confirmed the Treaty of Passau and the Peace of Augsburg. Politically, it ceded the archbishoprics of Bremen and Verden to Sweden, while the Lower Palatinate was restored to Charles Louis, eldest son of Frederick V, and the de facto independence of the United Provinces of the Netherlands was recognized. Including the Treaties of Munster and Osnabruck, FTP, what was this agreement that was signed on October 24, 1648 and ended the Thirty Years' War",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5b45df2308a47d99b36b952820a0a6c",
            "input": "The man at the center of this novella was the inheritor of the Divine Face cattle ranch known for his love of horses, falconry, church pomp and firearms. The milk vendor Clotilde Armenta frantically tried to prevent the event the narrator is investigating 21 years later. After Bayardo San Roman discovered that his new wife Angela Vicario had been deflowered, her brothers Pedro and Pablo reluctantly kill Santiago Nasar. FTP, what is this novella by Gabriel Garcia Marquez",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ddcff972de6a48229f04454b34865eb9",
            "input": "Like the Gospel of Luke, this Biblical book begins with a dedication to Theophilus. Seven Greek deacons are appointed in this book, including a man whose stoning is ordered by the Sanhedrin. In this book, a mighty wind descends upon 120 followers fifty days after the Resurrection. When a man on the road to Damascus is blinded by holy light in this book, he decides to convert and change his name from Saul to Paul. For 10 points, name this book which describes the deeds of Jesus' followers.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2d6c3b5a22fb46a1b7d8caef246d76b8",
            "input": "Sir Walter Coutts was the last colonial Governor-General of this country that was later led by Bazilio Olara-Okello. In 1966, one leader of this country led an assault against Kabaka in the Battle of Mengo Hill. The Common Man's Charter laid out the principles that led to the proposed nationalization of 60% of this nation's industry in the Nakivubo Pronouncement, part of this country's (*) \"Move to the Left\". Operation Thunderbolt was executed in this country, in which Yonatan Netanyahu led a rescue of hostages from a flight hijacked by the PFLP. The National Resistance Army was led by Yoweri Museveni in a civil war in this country. For 10 points, name this site of the Entebbe Raid, an African nation that was led by Milton Obote and Idi Amin.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1a93711002254a83b747fbdc03ff4cf3",
            "input": "In one of this authors novels, the narrator admires the gambler Hat, and tells of the carpenter Popo who never builds anything useful and the poet B. Wordsworth who is still working on the first line of his epic poem. In addition to Miguel Street, this author wrote about Salim, who opens a shop across from a Big Burger franchise in a country ruled by the Big Man. In another novel, this author wrote about a six fingered journalist who is tricked into marrying into the Tulsi family while working as a sign painter. For 10 points, name this Trinidadian author of A House for Mr. Biswas and A Bend in the River.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-405f1f40d328401b9bfab235c394dace",
            "input": "Formally, this agreement consisted of its namesake treaty, as well as the Treaty of Baden and Rastatt. France agreed to transfer the Spanish Netherlands to Austria and granted mutual most-favored-nation status to Britain and the Dutch Republic. Spain ceded Gibraltar to Britain and Sicily to Savoy. In the New World, the French were forced to turn over Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, and most notably Port Royal to the British. This treaty ended French hegemony in the New and Old Worlds. FTP, identify this 1713 agreement that ended the War of the Spanish Succession.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-606e6a6f073548a498739eda9d44ba63",
            "input": "This thinker's lecture notes and marginalia were collected in Manuscript Remains, and replied to Goethe's earlier treatise with his On Visions and Colours. \"On the Basis of Morality\" was one of the two essays in this thinker's Two Fundamental Problems of Ethics. His doctoral dissertation sets forth physical, logical, mathematical, and moral necessities as the title entity in On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason. He wrote an essay collection consisting of one volume of essays such as \"Sketch of a History of the Doctrine of the Ideal and Real\", and another volume of \"Stray yet systematically arranged thoughts on a variety of subjects\". One title concept of one of his works is how things present themselves through experience, while another is the world in itself, beyond how human knowledge can define it. For 10 points, name this author of Parerga and Paralipomenon and The World as Will and Idea.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6227983f18d149de8e183f8bd8892b93",
            "input": "Cities lying on this body of water include Bol and N'guigmi. When its water levels are high, its water is\\n diverted through a string of basins called the Soro, and its water is also discharged into the Bodele\\n Depression. It is partially fed by the Yobe River, but primarily by the Chari River, and it separated into\\n northern and southern basins by the Great Barrier. In the 1960s, there was a proposal to divert the Ubangi\\n River into this lake to maintain its volume. For 10 points, name this shrinking lake which borders Niger,\\n Nigeria, Cameroon, and its namesake country.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-02950b413db6435db01b63c89a012259",
            "input": "This composer included an F-sharp minor depiction of Polchinelle in a collection of piano pieces that includes his Elegie in E-flat Minor. That collection by him includes a piece with the repeated progression: C-sharp minor  E major  D-sharp minor  D major 6/4 [\"six-four]  G-sharp seventh. This composer of Opus 3 Morceaux de fantaisie made recordings of all his piano concertos with the Philadelphia Orchestra conducted by Ormandy and Stokowski. The second of those piano concertos opens with eight bell-like chords in C minor for the soloist before the orchestra enters. In another work by him, the eighteenth variation in D-flat inverts the theme of another composer's Caprice No. in A minor. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Prelude in C-sharp minor and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6b7c44ab6bc54ac295ced2264f904270",
            "input": "The acceleration named for this person can take place when particles repeatedly cross the shock front   caused by a supernova. The type of gas named for this person exerts pressure even at absolute zero. This person and Paul Dirac worked out the statistical distribution of particles that obey the Pauli  Exclusion Principle, which is why such particles are named for this person. Those particles, which  have non-integer spins, are contrasted with particles named for Satyendra Nath Bose. Name this  Italian American who created Chicago Pile-1 in 1942, the first man-made nuclear chain reaction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fb33fe498a1c49aa809be6c0469cfbe7",
            "input": "Howard Belsey's hatred of this painter is central to the plot of On Beauty. A stunned woman in a   red dress on the right of one of his paintings spills something from a gold goblet. Hebrew text in the  upper right of that painting is written in columns instead of right to left. Many men in white ruffs   are enthralled by the exposed musculature of a man's forearm in one of his paintings. Another work  by this artist shows a military company headed by Frans Banning Cocq. Identify this Dutch artist of  Belshazzar's Feast, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, and The Night Watch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-21d2c6facefc49c895de1f1b170fa4a8",
            "input": "Slogans which became popular in this country included \"we don't want to be slaves anymore\"  and \"down with the government, down with the police.\" This country was home to the underground Christian organization Young Congregation, which helped instigate an event whose nine demands were issued by the Bitterfeld committee, the most influential of the workers' councils which emerged here. People in this country received boxes containing peas, flour, milk, and lard that were known as (*) Eisenhower Packages. After this country announced the New Course program, replacing Constructing Socialism, and including a ten percent increase in production quotas, workers walked out onto Stalin Alley. In this country, where the play The Plebeians Rehearse the Uprising takes place, Soviet tanks were deployed to end a 1953 popular uprising. For 10 points, identify this country which erupted into mass demonstrations against Walter Ulbricht's regime.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0253f0b4338f4212ae9460f5ccd1d90a",
            "input": "One character sings  il sol dellanima in this opera before tossing a bag of coins to Giovanna, allowing him to slip into the garden. Possente amor mi chiama is sung by one character in this opera after Marullo attempts to take revenge against the title character by telling him that he has an inamorata, but it is the curse that Count Monterone places on the title character that sets the main plot in motion. Maddalena falls in love with the Duke, who sings the canzone La donna  mobile, and pleads with her brother Sparafucile so that she will not have to kill him. When the title character comes for a sack with a body in it, it contains not the body of the Duke of Mantua, but instead Gilda, the daughter of the title court jester, in, FTP, which opera by Giuseppe Verdi",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84782938bd104a7180a8827537386c47",
            "input": "This psychologist utilizes Thomas Gabor's work Everybody Does It to describe the \"inhibitive\" and \"proactive\" modes of moral agency, the disengagement of which, via a network of supportive systems, can lead to the \"Perpetration of Inhumanities. \" In studying those with snake phobias, he noticed a phenomenon in which self-referential thought could exercise control over such phobias, a phenomenon this psychologist would call \"self-efficacy. \" This author of Human Agency in Social Cognitive Theory, in his most significant experiment, showed that patterns of behavior associated with adolescent aggression are gained through observation and imitation, which are forms of social learning. For 10 points, name this psychologist, conductor of the Bobo Doll experiment.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4aa8bbda5bf34036829d92b13ed4a464",
            "input": "This man wrote a cantata about a creature from Persian myth that tries to regain entrance into heaven. This composer wrote a set of variations on his imaginary friend Meta Abegg. This composer wrote his only cello concerto in A minor and dedicated to Frdric Chopin his Kriesleriana. One composition by this man contains quotations of Grandfathers Dance and he quoted from that work in his later piece Carnaval. Of this mans four symphonies, the third opens powerfully like a fanfare in E-flat major and his first was written the year after he married Clara. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Spring and Rhenish symphonies. ",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd39a04090f041628f5c1f6d11f8478b",
            "input": "This ruler's architect Rabirius built his private residence, the Domus Augustana, and he reinstituted the Ludi Capitolini. He celebrated a triumph over the Chati and gave himself the title Germanicus, and later he formally added the provinces of Upper and Lower Germania to the empire. This man declared himself censor for life, and his prefect Cornelius Fuscus oversaw a disastrous war with Dacia. More notably, he recalled Agricola from Britain and after a revolt led by Saturninus, began to purge the senate. He was assassinated in 96 CE and succeeded by Nerva. For 10 points, name this last of the Flavian emperors, who followed his elder brother Titus.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-063031474191419f8495c8e85d182ac9",
            "input": "Quinton decried this person's fixation on the static and the \"Methods of Experimental Inquiry\" of a later countryman criticized his oversimplification of causes. The forth stage in this thinker's namesake scheme is the \"ladder of the intellect,\" exemplified by his conclusion that heat is a motion of particles, arrived at by inductive \"tables. \" This philosopher's Advancement of Learning was adapted as the first part of his Instauratio Magna, and he described the land of Bensalem in his utopian novel The New Atlantis. FTP, name this seventeenth-century English philosopher who advocated the scientific method in Novum Organum.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7bebab95c3d44546b8e24b8df7639b16",
            "input": "This man paired two works, one published only posthumously, which were entitled The World and The Man. One of his works, which is divided into six parts, explains the interaction between the consciousness and the outside world with a metaphor of impressions on a ball of wax, hypothesizes that the human soul is located in the pineal gland, and begins from a position of absolute (*) skepticism, contemplating the existence of an evil demon and ultimately ending at the conclusion \"I think, therefore I am.\" For 10 points, give the French mathematician and philosopher who wrote Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bb4d924751c8401aa6eaf3553b831d55",
            "input": "One law named for this scientist is due to the conservation of angular momentum, and states that a line drawn from a planet to the center of its orbit will sweep out equal areas in equal times. This writer of Astronomia nova and Mysterium cosmographicum analyzed data collected by (*) Tycho Brahe [TEE-koh BRAH] to develop that statement as well as to determine that planets' orbits are ellipses. For 10 points, name this German astronomer who published three laws of planetary motion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6ea557eb6cf4dab96ec986dcf9484f3",
            "input": "In a story by this man the protagonist injures his head while rushing to read The Arabian Nights' Entertainments, leading him to convalesce in the title region, while Ryan quests to identify the assassin of Fergus Kilpatrick in another. The author Jaromir Hladik is persecuted by the Nazi Julius Rothe in \"The Secret Miracle,\" and other characters from his works include a man who develops perfect memory after being thrown from a horse and Yu Tsun, a Chinese spy for Imperial Germany being pursued by Captain Richard Madden. In addition to \"Funes, the Memorious\" and \"The Garden of Forking Paths,\" he wrote about a \"Lottery in Babylon\" and of an author praised for exactly rewriting Don Quixote. FTP name this author, whose most famous works include \"El Aleph\" and \"The Library of Babel. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-927a1be61ce3448da45dfe6f2ce772b5",
            "input": "This man had Charles Blair create nearly a thousand pikes to be used as a part of one of this man's plans. Another action led by this man targeted the absent Dutch Henry, resulting in the death of five other men. This leader of the Pottawatomie Massacre also led an action that was put down by marines under Jeb Stuart and Robert E. Lee. That action resulted in this man's capture after he tried to capture a federal armory. For 10 points, name this abolitionist who was hanged after he led a raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9c52860f253d4e3b994854b981506ace",
            "input": "In a paper concerning \"Nilpotent Energies\" in the theory of these materials, Ericksen explores a modulus undetermined in the Oseen-Frank hydrostatic theory of these materials. A statistical model of these materials relies on applying the molecular field approximation on a weak anisotropic pair potential and can easily be made more accurate by including terms for deviations from cylindrical symmetry, called Maier-Saupe theory. In one phase of these materials, named for its thread-like defects also called disinclinations, particles display orientational but no positional order. The layered and positionally ordered smectic phase, thus, contrasts with the higher-temperature nematic phase. The phase transitions of one class are modeled in the Onsager hard-rod model, and those \"lyotropic\" ones resemble the properties of some block copolymers, since they behave like these materials only in the appropriate concentration range. For 10 points, identify this class of substances that display an intermediate phase of matter by both flowing and exhibiting regular structure, notable for being used in flatscreen displays.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0e0bef021d754fc88255ab21f2b0bf8a",
            "input": "This artist's move to more nationalistic music was marked by \"The Leafy Grove Howls,\" which was expanded in songs based on Nestor Kukolnik's work, such as A Farewell to St. Petersburg and Prince Kholmsky. He is also responsible for pieces related to Spain like Recuerdos de Castilla and Jota aragonesa, which came around the same time as the tone poem Kamarinskaya. One of his operas contains music in the gusli and bilina styles for Bayan, and also uses a whole-tone scale to depict the dwarf Chernomor, who abducts one of the title characters. Another opera ends with the chorus \"Slav'sya,\" which comes after the Poles are repulsed and Susanin has sacrificed his life. An inspiration to the Five, for 10 points, name this composer of A Life for the Tsar and Ruslan and Ludmila.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9230b1f1a7a741d4b97d6a690421f3c6",
            "input": "This author discussed an inexperienced girl, who marries a syphilitic man and is told by the church that she cannot get divorced or use birth control, in a work that claims that religion is based on fear. In another work, he discussed two meanings of the phrase \"the present King of France is not bald.\" The paradox of this author of \"On Denoting\" asks whether the set of all sets that do not contain themselves contains itself. For 10 points, name this author of \"Why I Am Not a Christian\" who collaborated with Alfred North Whitehead on Principia Mathematica.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ee4e3fc369d042d4bc06a52e8a4e5a03",
            "input": "Originally it was slated to be designed by the firm of Luckman & Pereira, but Phyllis Lambert was allowed to choose the architect for it, and her final three included Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier. Sitting across the street from the Lever House, it is the home of the Four Seasons restaurant, and its architect used visible bronze I-beams to hint at its structure. The plaza on the outside of it includes marble benches and two reflecting pools, and its glass curtains are tinted dark brown. FTP, identify this Park Avenue building designed by the team of Philip Johnson and Mies van der Rohe.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8d98dc72c16c4e68b163468c8937ffef",
            "input": "One of this author's characters kills all of the nuns in a convent with poisoned rice and later frames the friar Jacomo for the murder of another friar named Barnardine. The \"Baines note\" quotes this author as saying that \"they who love not tobacco and boys [are] fools.\" He wrote about a character who boxes the pope's ears after giving grapes to the Duchess of Vanholt. One of his characters, the father of Abigail, kills his Turkish servant Ithamore before being tricked into falling into a pot of boiling oil. He also wrote about a scholar who sells his soul to Mephistophilis. For 10 points, name this author of The Jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cef13e921b7a425eab16b66225ad866e",
            "input": "One pope of this name had all German churches read an encyclical written in German rather than Latin; that encyclical by a pope of this name was Mit brennender Sorge. Another pope of this name declared Rome an \"\"open city\"\" and was criticized as being the \"\"Pope of (+) Silence\"\" for his lack of action against the Holocaust. The longest-reigning pope had this name; that pope wrote the Syllabus of (*) Errors and was responsible for the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. For 10 points, give this papal name used by the twelfth, who reigned during World War II, and the ninth, who organized the First Vatican Council that decreed papal infallibility.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f51dd2524364297ab9c480189e6d256",
            "input": "The central figure of this work takes her pose from one of Raphael's Sibyls and it contains simulated bronze reliefs of Mucius Scaevola putting his hand in the fire as well as Scipio sending back a captured maiden to represent the Cardinal Virtues. Near the bottom of this work, a putti places its hand in the mouth of Time, who carries a scythe and sits alongside the Fates. The primary figure is seated on some clouds, where she tells a personification of Rome to take a crown of immortality consisting of stars towards a circle of putti and maidens who hold a garland and the papal tiara and are surrounded by giant golden bees, the heraldic symbol of the family that commissioned it. For 15 points, name this quadratura work commissioned by Urban VIII for the ceiling of the Gran Salon of the Palazzo Barberini, a work of Pietro da Cortona.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a34b75c1738d470b862babacbbfabb73",
            "input": "During his time in Oklahoma, he came to believe that the United States had mistreated the Native Americans, and he later reorganized the Bureau of Indian Affairs. When his wife invited a black woman to the White House and the Texas legislature demanded his impeachment, he said, \"One of the consolations of organized religion is that it provides a hot hell for the Texas legislature. \" As Secretary of Commerce, he denied a radio frequency to a group wishing to announce the imminent end of the world, saying if there really was only a month left, they had better ways to spend their money. FTP, name this President, who also said that he was the only man of such economic genius as to have a worldwide depression named for him.\t",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-401d2278030f41eeaa063ed91a9a2f17",
            "input": "He wrote, \"How willingly we turn us then/Away from this cold earth,/And look into thy azure breast\" in the poem \"The Skies,\" while his uneventful later years saw the publication of \"The Little People of the Snow. \" This author of the long poem \"The Flood of Years\" declared in the introduction to A Library of Poetry and Song his thesis that (*) America must create a distinct poet voice. He wonders about the \"solitary way\" of the title figure of one work, while this author of \"The Ages\" and \"To the Fringed Gentian\" created a \"Hymn to Death\" that recalled his most famous work, which begins \"to him who in the love of nature holds/Communion with her visible forms. \" FTP, identify this American poet, the author of \"To a Waterfowl\" and \"Thanatopsis. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5793288cbf8a4d4c8ca9bac80ac1e022",
            "input": "One consequence of this theory is that the hyperbolic tangent of the sums of rapidities is equivalent to the sums of their hyperbolic tangents divided by one plus the product of their hyperbolic tangents. That equation closely parallels one concerning composition of velocities as a consequence of this theory. Transformation of coordinates in this theory is aided by Minkowski matrices which incorporate a factor equivalent to one over the square root of one minus beta squared. That factor divides the proper length to explain a phenomenon predicted in this theory and named for Lorentz and Fitzgerald. For 10 points, name this theory developed by Einstein describing length contraction and time dilation associated with objects traveling at near-light speeds.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5f3b4ac5add43ebb2e689875ebf094d",
            "input": "In a work by this man titled for a line from Twelfth Night, the narrator is asked to write a biography of a deceased author based on the late Thomas Hardy. The narrator of a novel by this man is introduced to the painter Charles Strickland, who leaves his wife and Paris to go to Tahiti. That novel based on the life of Paul Gauguin is The Moon and Sixpence, and a semi-autobiographical novel by this author details the life of the clubfooted Philip Carey. For 10 points, name this British novelist, the author of Of Human Bondage.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f8b7bec24f2744a4bd38aaade6227981",
            "input": "According to legend, Julius Proculus offered an explanation for the disappearance of this figure following a public sacrifice at the Goats Marsh. This man defeated the Caeninensian king Acro in single combat, and he invited many neighboring states to the festival of Consus. Ruling jointly with Titus Tatius for much of his reign, he established the comitia curiata and divided the population into Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres. The husband of Hersilia, according to legend this figure was raised from boyhood by Acca Laurentia and Faustulus, and this grandson of Numitor defeated his evil uncle Amulius. The ruler during Tarpeias betrayal, he took the divine name Quirinus and was said to be a son of Rhea Silvia and Mars. For 10 points, identify this early leader, who stole the Sabine women and was succeeded by Numa Pompilius, the legendary first king of Rome.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5ba81bf99e834e879040674426852aa1",
            "input": "A major development of this historical event was the publication of letters written to Henry McComb. It began when Thomas Durant and other stockholders organized a company under an existing charter which soon assigned contracts to seven trustees. The reputations of congressmen James Brooks and James Patterson and Vice President Schulyer Colfax were ruined when it was revealed that they had been given stock in a company run by Oakes Ames. FTP, what was this scandal involving a scheme surrounding the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7da29eb948ee4b5990e26057af0a3508",
            "input": "One character in this play says she wishes she were a man, as people are always introducing her to beautiful women. A home in this play would have cost about fifteen thousand dollars when it was built, in the lawn of which is the ($) stump of an apple tree blown over by the wind. George returns from visiting his father to prevent his sister Ann from marrying Chris, because Chris's father \"destroyed [her] family\" by stating he had the (*) flu on a certain day, though it is later revealed he hadn't been sick in fifteen years. For ten points, identify this play centering on Larry Keller's disappearance and Steve Deever's imprisonment for selling faulty airplane cylinders, a work of Arthur Miller.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ff073aa28c240d4aca600f298e6e15a",
            "input": "In one work by this man, the life of an Arab is saved by Daru. This man's story The Guest is part of his collection Exile and the Kingdom, and he wrote a novel in which the main character cannot forget how he failed to assist a drowning woman. Jean-Baptiste Clamence is a character in this man's novel The Fall, and this man wrote a work in which the deaths of many rats in the streets of Oran force [*] Dr. Bernard Rieux to confront the titular outbreak. In one novel by this man, the protagonist befriends a pimp named Raymond before shooting an Arab. For 10 points, name this Algerian-born author of The Plague who featured Meursault in The Stranger.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-45a3a6088d814fa88cb09438a25aa247",
            "input": "One person of this name instituted the Nizam I-Cedid, signed the treaties of Sistova and Jassy, and impotently declared war on Britain and France in support of Napoleon. Another one was known as Sari or The Blond. One person of this name put down the revolt of the Kizilbash and won the Battle of Chaldiran against Ismail of the Safavids. Another person of this name delegated power to the vizier Mehmed Sokollu and was in power during his empires loss at Lepanto. A ruler of this name won the battles of Marj Dabiq and Raydaniyah, allowing him to conquer the Hejaz, Syria, and Egypt. For 10 points, give the common name of these Ottoman sultans, the first of whom, known as the Grim, left a strong regime to his magnificent son Suleyman.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3856ec406a96466597dc51829afad01e",
            "input": "One of the most famous cult practices associated with this deity involves a ritual called the arkteia which involves the imitation of bears. This rite was practiced at Brauron in Attica, a sacred site which Iphigenia was said to have established to placate this deity. The cult of Orthia was also associated with this deity and included the diamastigosis, the ritual whipping of youths as they attempted to steal cheese from an altar. This goddess also came to be associated with the lover of Endymion, the titaness Selene. She is also credited with slaying the twelve grandchildren of Tantalus after Niobe boasted of her children's beauty, and shooting arrows that caused the death of women in childbirth. For 10 points, name this daughter of Leto and sister of Apollo, the Greek goddess of the hunt.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-19100575f7b543b5850c155301b46bd5",
            "input": "This quantity is multiplied by the Verdet constant to calculate specific rotation, and this quantity perpendicular to the direction of propagation makes the medium birefringent in the Voigt effect. Small values of this quantity are measured by SQUIDs, and below the critical temperature, it is zero inside superconductors. Ampere's Law relates the tangential component of it integrated around a closed curve, and according to Gauss's Law, the net flux of it through any closed surface is zero. FTP name this field that is caused by a moving point charge.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-66765dca78184d57968eadf896936785",
            "input": "While working as a translator for UNESCO, this author released his first short-story collection, Bestiary, and followed that up with Secret Weapons. His story, \"The Devil's Drivel,\" served as the basis for Antonioni film Blow-Up; however this man is better known for his novels. Those novels include A Model Kit and A Manual for Manuel, though neither introduced the character of Oliviera, an Argentine intellectual, like this author. FTP, identify this writer best known for his novel Rayuela, or Hopscotch.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eecb7d3e0c2b4718b7c1458a0b4f245e",
            "input": "He wrote a play about the Roman Emperor Caligula and his essay collections include Nuptials and Two Sides of the Coin. He adapted Dostoevskys The Possessed, and Faulkners Requiem for a Nun for the theater, and his short stories The Growing Stone and The Guest are collected in Exile and the Kingdom. In another work, Jean Baptists Clemance lets a woman drown, while other works by this man feature Dr. Rieux and Mersault, who kills an Arab. For 10 points, identify this author of The Fall, The Plague and The Stranger.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6e10542271e94b79888fd67f347d7873",
            "input": "This civilization used a system of local government administered by obirempon . In an alliance with the Ga people, this civilization fought against the Fante, Akwapim and Akim. Joseph Dupuis was the first British Consul for the region under this civilizations control, and this civilization came to prominence under the leadership of Oti Akenten, who defeated the Denkiyra. General Woolsley famously fought against this civilization, and in 1900, this people had a notable uprising. Osei Tutu was the first leader of the confederation that became this people, and a relic holy to this people fell out of the sky into his lap. For ten points, identify this empire which venerated the Golden Stool and which had a center at Kumasi.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-411fdcd8f200497e90ad838e269adb79",
            "input": "In one of Lucian's Dialogues of the Dead, Minos sentences one of these figures named Sostratos to burn in the river Pyriphlegethon. According to a Homeric Hymn, a group these figures from Tyrrhenia included a man who became a priest after his companions were frightened off by the sudden appearance of a bear, a lion, and the (**) thyrsus; that one of these figures was named Acoetes. After defeating the Solymi and the Amazons, Bellerophon was sent by King Iobates to kill one of these figures named Cheirmarrhus. According to a common Greek legend, these figures were responsible for (*) Pythias's late return to save the life of his friend Damon. Dolphins were attracted by the kithara-playing of another figure who'd been inconvenienced by these people. For 10 points, identify these figures from Greek myth who regularly kidnapped people like Arion and Dionysus, as might be expected, given their tendency to engage in seafaring crime.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bd9b87233c4a4242877262d102727c95",
            "input": "Sebastian Cabot is credited with naming this geographical feature which was first discovered by Juan Diaz de Solis, and Cabeza de Vaca governed a territory of the same name. Its rocky western shore features notable islands such as Las Hermanas and Isla Martin Garcia, while the Tigre River empties into it at its eastern shore. Lesser known cities along this river include Carmelo and Berazategui, but the better known cities of Montevideo and Buenos Aires are also situated along this river. FTP, identify this South American river which forms an estuary as it empties into the Atlantic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9838a275b97d48f9964ba3ab8bc3c4d8",
            "input": "A so-called \"Ideal\" formulation of this doctrine was promulgated in 1907 by Hastings Rashdall. In Reasons and Persons, Derek Parfit outlines the \"repugnant conclusion,\" which results from strict adherence to this doctrine. The \"Meaning\" and \"Proof\" of this doctrine are discussed in Henry Sidgwick's Methods of Ethics, and a book by J. J. C. Smart and Bernard Williams that aims to defend the \"act,\" variety of this doctrine, which is often contrasted with its \"rule\" variety. Best known from a work which sets forth the Greatest Happiness Principle, for 10 points, identify this doctrine promoted by Jeremy Bentham and J. S. Mill, which holds that the most ethical actions produce the greatest good for the greatest number.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0c7969f2d3a4eb880bb928855886e41",
            "input": "influence of this composer's time in Italy can be heard in the Presto capriccioso alla napolitana second movement of his violin concerto. He only finished three of the movements of his first symphony before its premiere, and the addition of the Maestoso allegro fourth movement was delayed in part by his breakup with the Princess of Erbach-Schonberg. This composer depicted a print by Thomas Rowlandson using a diatonic scherzo that quotes sea shanties in his overture Portsmouth Point, and brass fanfares represent the title figure of his Scapino Overture. This composer of the \"Liverpool\" symphony also set a series of Edith Sitwell poems to music in a piece with movements like \"Black Mrs. Behemoth\" and \"Long Steel Grass,\" Faade. For 10 points, name this British composer of the operas The Bear and Troilus and Cressida as well as Belshazzar's Feast.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5df464c3e6d947739455fc3651b0cfde",
            "input": "One of this authors short stories deals with Nathan Lardass Levine helping in the aftermath of a hurricane in the town of Creole, and another discusses Victoria Wren and the spies Goodfellow and Porpentine. He published those stories, The Small Rain and Under the Rose, in his collection Slow Learner, and also wrote about a party which Callisto is compared to a heat engine perpetrated by Meatball Mulligan. Entropy is not so famous as a novel in which Jesse Swanlake leaves Roger Mexico and a search for a German A-4 is led by Tyrone Slothrop. For 10 points, name this American, whose most famous novels are The Crying of Lot 49 and Gravitys Rainbow",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-85da33083b604c9fa4da2b77618153d1",
            "input": "James Prinsep translated a set of decrees from this dynasty, which called one of its rulers \"Beloved-of-the-Gods.\" This empire's four provinces were run from capitals such as Ujjian in the west. A text on rulership which divides the day into 90-minute segments was written by this empire's Taxila-educated advisor Chanakya. Its founder, who died by (*) fasting, overthrew the Nanda state. A later ruler of this empire commissioned a pillar topped by four outward-facing lions at Sarnath, and described his conquest of Kalinga in his Rock and Pillar Edicts. This ancient empire resisted attacks from the west by Alexander's successor Seleucus. For 10 points, name this Indian empire ruled by the Jain convert Chandragupta and the Buddhist convert Ashoka.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-09a4ff8d5c57453eaf53e8000e4768e8",
            "input": "This figure allowed Biton and Cleobis to die in their sleep after they pulled a cart to a festival in their honor, and this figure had Jason and Medea kill Pelias for murdering Sidero. Also responsible for killing Lamia's children, this figure kidnapped the Goddess of Childbirth to prevent Leto from going into labor, but eventually let her go. She created the milky way while nursing the infant Heracles, and later condemned Heracles to his 12 labors at the hands of Eurystheus. The mother of Ares, Hebe, and Eris, this figure asked about the creator of a jewel worn by Thetis, discovering that Hephaestus had surivived her knocking him out of Olympus. Also responsible for turning Tieresias into a woman, for 10 points, name this long-suffering wife of Zeus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fbafe4975c7840f1a3924bc2a9408176",
            "input": "of these was found to repair lacZ transcripts in E coli, and that trans-splicing one was also used to correct mutated p53 transcripts. One of these contains loops A and B and helices H1 through H4, and is useful in the formation of a 2,3-cyclic phosphate. That example, originally found in the tobacco ringspot virus, is called the Hairpin one, and in that virus the same gene codes for one of these important in the replication of some viroids. Another example is found in the Hepatitis delta virus. Discoveries about the activity of these in cleaving and splicing nucleic acids led to the 1989 Nobel in Chemistry for Sidney Altman and Thomas Cech. For 10 points, name this type of nucleic acid including the Hammerhead one which can catalyze a reaction.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-423768f02bef4248b127797d1472e24b",
            "input": "It was connected by Louis Wirth to urbanism, who used it to refer to life in big cities. It was initially defined as being impossible whenever interdependent organs are sufficiently in contact and sufficiently extensive. Its more recent usage is associated with Robert K. Merton, who suggested that it is prevalent in individuals who clearly know what is expected of them from society but are consistently unable to meet the standard. First popularized in The Division of Labor in Society, FTP, name this condition theorised by mile Durkheim now associated with a lack of regulation and break down of norms.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2ff325099214417faa74523a0b4e465e",
            "input": "Among the immediate causes of this conflict, whose end saw a plebiscite to decide the fate of Tecna, was the raising of taxes by one of the participants in contravention of an agreement reached four years prior. One of the participating nations had its capital occupied after losing the Battle of Iquique, in which that nation lost its battleships Independencia and Huascar, while the other losing nation forfeited its coastal region, a development that led eventually to that nation's conflict with Paraguay in the Chaco War. Beginning with the invasion of the Antofagasta province and concluding with the treaty of Ancon, for ten points, identify this conflict fought by Peru, Chile, and Bolivia over the nitrate deposits of the Atacama Desert.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8eba0e009ab4e7586b26bb5ee6885f7",
            "input": "A chapter introduced in later editions of this work differentiates between \"insular\" and \"case\" poverty, while another chapter analyzes the growth in personal debt and is titled \"The Bill Collector Cometh. \" This work repeatedly decries the importance of production of goods in chapters such as \"The Paramount Position of Production\" and calls the desire to produce more \"The Dependence Effect. \" The author also criticizes politicians and economists who strive to be predictable to avoid controversy and calls that mentality \"conventional wisdom. \" For 10 points, identify this work, the magnum opus of John Kenneth Galbraith.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f9578934b54b4b62b375932704783c74",
            "input": "This mans poem Ogun Abibiman connected the mythology of his homeland with the struggle for African liberation. In one of his plays, Eman denies his need or ritual atonement, and in another, Adenebi, Roki, and Demoke retreat to the forest while waiting for the Gathering of the Tribes. Another of his plays is set in a rundown truck stop, and includes characters Kotonu, Samson, and Professor, while an even more well-known play, Elesin Oma is the title rider who is unable to complete his ritual suicide in order to aid the other character. For ten points, identify this playwright, best known for being Nigerian and writing Death and the Kings Horseman and The Road.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1d30368f233347c6acad34e6dc6e9789",
            "input": "In this novel, a relative of the protagonist takes in boarders, including the alcoholic white man three boys, all of whom she names Dewey. That woman, Eva, also burns her son Plum alive when he returns from World War I addicted to drugs, while earlier in the novel, another World War I veteran named Shadrack founds National Suicide Day. The title character slices off the tip of her finger when being teased, and later watches her mother burn to death. After leaving her childhood home, a plague of robins is associated with her return, and she is the cause of the separation of her friend Nel and Nels husband Jude. Earlier, the protagonist had unintentionally caused the death of Chicken Little in, FTP, this second novel of Toni Morrison.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5e47c15f9888432b97525d18eeeb544f",
            "input": "In one of this composer's operas, Adriano is killed trying to capture the title character. This man also wrote an opera that includes the \"Dance of the Apprentices\" and centers around a vocal contest. This composer of Rienzi is most famous for an(*) operatic cycle that begins with a 136 measure E-flat drone in the prelude and ends with Brunnhilde ordering a funeral pyre for Siegfried in The Twilight of the Gods. For 10 points, name this German composer of The Mastersingers of Nuremberg and the Ring Cycle, which contains the \"Ride of the Valkyries.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fd9db83d35ea4fcebf21f452a43bf606",
            "input": "In 1927, this typically non-medical substance was shown to treat rheumatism when injected intravenously. The Norman, Nortz, and Perry Supreme court cases are known as the \"Clause\" cases of this commodity. Eight nations formed a \"London Pool\" in 1961 in an attempt to control the value of this good. FDR's Executive Order 6102 made it a (*) criminal offense to possess this substance. Richard Nixon choked the market for this commodity, an act known as Nixon Shock. Samuel Brannan amassed riches by acquiring much of this substance shortly after a discovery of this at Sutter's Mill. For 10 points, name this substance decried by William Jennings Bryan, who opposed its \"standard.\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-62e3b1a508a24ea1980cd38854073994",
            "input": "One story from the mythology of this nation relates how a man who went to the underworld to regain his beloved was shocked to see her transformed into ugliness after she had eaten the food of the dead; that couple had earlier improperly performed a marriage ceremony, rendering them unable to give birth to healthy offspring. One story from this country's mythology sees its sun deity scared into hiding in a cave to evade the wrath of her brother. For 10 points, name this nation whose mythological heritage includes such figures as Izanami, Amaterasu, and many beings known as Kami.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-49d9449b769e43e089dbeebc03affb9e",
            "input": "The development section of this work's first movement quotes the panikhida, and those verbal rhythms return in the second and fourth movements, the latter of which Timothy Jackson theorizes was drawn from the composer's final set of Six Romances for voice and piano. Opening with a low bassoon solo over strings, this work's third movement is a boisterous march-scherzo that features an extended fragmentary introduction of its theme. Other innovations in this work include the five-four time signature of the second movement waltz, while basses playing (*) pianiss-iss-iss-iss-issimo end this piece's quiet finale, an Adagio lamentoso. Premiered nine days before the composer's death, for 10 points, name this final symphony of Pyotr Tchaikovsky.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e714e50c36d944bf84fc90829e542951",
            "input": "This artist showed a British general pointing at some drowning Spanish soldiers while the title location burns in The Siege and Relief of Gibraltar. He showed a rodent nibbling a gold chain in a portrait of his half-brother, Henry Pelham, entitled (*) Boy With Squirrel. He also painted Paul Revere handling a silver kettle. In another of his works, a nude, blonde boy struggles while a man tries to spear the title fish. For 10 points, name this Boston-based portraitist of the 1770s who showed an incident that occurred in Havana Harbor in 1749 in his painting Watson and the Shark.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e697328f6301443bb67fb2d779134ec0",
            "input": "One betrayed her father King Nisus of Megara, but the more famous one, at least according to Ovid, was loved by a sea deity also known as Pontius. He importuned her to no avail until he appealed to Circe for help. Circe, herself lusting after Glaucus, plotted to get rid of her rival by poisoning the stream of the young nymph. FTP, name this unfortunate mythological heroine, who upon contact with the poison metamorphosed into a monster with twelve feet and six heads, destined to live on a cliff across from Charybdis and eat sailors unlucky enough to pass through the Straits of Messina.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-835acc750c0a4d108682f5826efeac32",
            "input": "This monarch established a legal framework for his realm with the Ordinance of Blois. This ruler was inspired to go on religious pilgrimages by his minister, Emond Auger. During his reign, Protestant worship was restricted to just one suburb of each town through the Peace of Bergerac. A succession crisis developed after this childless king's brother and leader of the Malcontents, Francis, duke of Anjou, died. He succeeded (*) Sigismund II as King of Poland-Lithuania. During the Day of the Barricades, he was driven out of Paris by Henry of Guise. He was ultimately assassinated by a monk named Jacques Clement, making him the last Valois king. For 10 points, name this French king who presided over the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5c8682db11494249bb8eb0513a204411",
            "input": "During this war, the Heilbronn Alliance was defeated at Nordlingen. One country withdrew from this war with the Treaty of Lubeck. One phase of this war was ended by the Treaty of the Pyrenees, and the forces of Christian of Anhalt were routed at the Battle of White Mountain by [*] Count Tilly during it. Wallenstein was defeated at Lutzen by Gustavus Adolphus during this war. Sparked by the Bohemian Revolt caused by the Defenestration of Prague, for 10 points, name this war ended by the reaffirmation of the Peace of Augsburg with the Peace of Westphalia that lasted from 1618 to 1648.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-77018690552c45e59e2383b0e11bf130",
            "input": "In one poem, this author describes the title concept as a \"vulture, whose wings are dull realities\".  Another of his poems tells of the \"Naiad airs\" that brought the narrator \"To the glory that was Greece  / and the grandeur that was Rome\". This writer of \"Sonnet - To Science\" described a love \"stronger   by far than the love / Of those who were older than we\" in a poem in which the title character lives  \"in a kingdom by the sea\". This poet of \"To Helen\" described a \"rapping\" at his \"chamber door\" in a  work about a bird that says \"Nevermore\". Name this poet of \"Annabel Lee\" and \"The Raven\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26383293faa649f8a288a2358b574029",
            "input": "William MacDougall called this man's ideas a \"peculiarly American product\" and attractive \"to those who are are born Bolshevists. \" With Harvey Carr, this scientist demonstrated a rat's ability to become conditioned to a voluntary response in his \"kerplunk\" experiment, while he used his doctrine of \"prediction and control\" as a member of the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency. Sometimes credited with inventing the coffee break, he may be best known for working with Rosalie Rayner by creating loud noises to condition a small child to fear a white rat. FTP, name this American psychologist best known for the Little Albert experiment and for founding behaviorism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-71d2b2eb4ee24788802c415c5d23431a",
            "input": "In one work by this painter, a body on a stretcher is taken to a figure who looks away broodingly while his wife, dressed in orange robes, mourns. This painter of The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons painted a work in which most of the figures look away as a man in a red robe hands a [*] philosopher a cup of hemlock, and in another, three Romans reach for swords held by their father in order to fight the Curatii, This man painted a work in which a celiac-afflicted journalist, killed by Charlotte Corday, holds a letter as he expires in his bathtub. Creator of The Death of Socrates, for 10 points, name this painter of The Oath of the Horatii and The Death of Marat.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-297fba5122194662bc1e270ede7d659e",
            "input": "During this event, Edmund Heines was found in bed with an eighteen-year-old. One of the architects of this event was Viktor Lutze, who became the successor of the primary target of this event. Another victim of this event was Kurt von Schleicher, the last Chancellor of the Weimar Republic. Its aim was to eliminate supporters of Franz von Papen and other critics of the Nazi regime. For 10 points, name this purge which targeted Ernst Rohm and the SA and was led by Adolf Hitler.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f9e18dabb608462d8a5eded1e530579c",
            "input": "A creepy guy with a mustache looks down the shirt of an ugly girl as she dries the title piece of glassware in one of this man's paintings, while a pregnant woman wearing a black and white coat over a gold dress fiddles with the title instrument of measurement in another. This painter of The Girl With the Wineglass and Woman Holding a Balance depicted a long-haired man in a blue robe playing with a globe in his painting The Astronomer, and he may be more well known for one work in which a chick in a bonnet pours from a clay jug into a large clay vase and one in which a slightly cloudy sky sits over the red-tiled rooftops of buildings in the artist's hometown. For 10 pointsname this painter of The Milkmaid and View of Delft who painted a woman wearing the title piece of jewelry in his Girl With a Pearl Earring.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-087b8bbb99f44f979640b435c2fad17e",
            "input": "He proudly labeled the territorial acquisitions he engineered the \"epocha,\" and he proposed a compromise solution to the slavery question, which would allow Florida to enter the union as a slave state but free all children born after 1842. He received the only electoral vote not to go to James Monroe in 1820, and he later nominated his Treasury Secretary Richard Rush as his new Vice-Presidential candidate in his re-election campaign after his former understudy bolted to his opponent's ticket. Later, he presented up to twenty antislavery petitions a year in Congress in defiance of the gag rules. He was the chief U.S. negotiator for the Treaty of Ghent, the defender of the Amistad slaves, and the formulator of the Monroe Doctrine as Secretary of State, but he may be best known for the backroom dealing which defeated Andrew Jackson for this man's one successful national election in 1824. FTP, name this man who won the White House under the \"corrupt bargain. \"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-24f1bfaae5104ec19878cdd0918f6af5",
            "input": "This man published the 11 essays in the collection Letters of Publicola which were critical of Paines Rights of Man and he later became the ambassador to the court of Alexander I. During his re-election campaign he nominated his Treasury Secretary Richard Rush as his Vice-Presidential candidate, while he condemned the Mexican-American war when he was a representative and introduced several anti-slavery measures despite gag-rules. He also successfully represented the Amistad slaves and negotiated the treaty of Ghent and the annexation of Florida from Spain during his stint as Secretary of State under James Monroe. For 10 points, identify this man who won the 1824 election through the corrupt bargain.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6bc33df19f5346cbb9bacc85b8eec2c7",
            "input": "According to Pausanias, this man fought a battle in which he killed Khorea and Ariadne, earning the ire of Dionysus. This man's life probably ended when Megapenthes killed him in revenge for the death of Proetus, an action that prompted this man to switch from ruling Argos to Tiryns. As a child, this man was saved on the island of Seriphos by (*) Dictys. This man retrieved a wedding present for the supposed marriage of Hippodameia and Polydectes. After his return, he visited the funeral games of Teutamides, where his discus struck his grandfather Acrisius. This man's father impregnated his mother Danae in the form of a golden shower. For 10 points, name this son of Zeus who married Andromeda and slew the gorgon Medusa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3f71f8384b004c9b99ab31ca9ed20240",
            "input": "A woman who had been this man's housekeeper was painted by him wearing a veil in mourning in the painting Leocadia, while he painted two young men each raising a wooden object ready to strike the other in his Duel with Cudgels. Those works were part of a series he did in the \"House of the Deaf Man,\" while he did a series of 80 etchings, including \"Hunting for Teeth,\" called Caprichos. Another of his paintings possibly depicting the Duchess of Alba was scandalous for its depiction of pubic hair, while his later works include his 14 Black Paintings. For 10 points, name this painter of The Nude Maja, whose Disasters of War series contains The Third of May, 1808.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f5f6487b43a4f55960d2ce9369f547b",
            "input": "In a work compiled by his student G. E. M. Anscombe, this philosopher argued that some statements had to be exempt from doubt, like hinges on a door. This author who analyzed G.E. Moore's \"here is one hand\" statement in On Certainty described a series of overlapping similarities as a \"family resemblance\". He wrote about a \"builder's language\" in an explanation of why it was unnecessary to strictly define terms to make meaningful statements. This philosopher who popularized the use of truth tables wrote about a \"beetle in a box\" and a \"duck-rabbit\" in Philosophical Investigations. For 10 points, name this philosopher of language who wrote Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-50431eed7c68474cbe3d3750bfb627e5",
            "input": "One disorder involving this organelle is caused by a mutation in E325K on the NAGA gene, called Schindler disease. One method of transporting molecules to it involves an hsc70-containing chaperone complex. Another disorder results in enzyme transport to the extracellular space rather than this organelle and is called I-cell disease. Proteins are marked for this structure with mannose-6-phosphate, and proton pump activity in this organelle maintains the acidic pH necessary for its primary function. One genetic defect results in ganglioside buildup in this organelle and thus causes Tay-Sachs disease. For 10 points, identify this cellular organelle that breaks down macromolecules with the aid of acid hydrolases.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-be2d3ad15b6c465aa6cae889d2be3e6a",
            "input": "In one of this man's works, the doctor reports to Marguerite and Marie, wives of the title character, that Mars and Saturn have collided and exploded. In addition to Exit the King, this author wrote about Marie, the Maid, reminding the professor that he has now killed forty students in The Lesson, while an old man and woman usher in invisible guests before the Orator and Emperor arrive in his The Chairs. Better known works by this author include one where the Fire Chief comes to visit the Smiths and Martins, and another where Berenger watches everyone around him turn into the title creature. FTP, name this French dramatist whose works include The Bald Soprano and Rhinoceros.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-319a9c6a322f427baf3728a5fa5d54a3",
            "input": "A 2011 Science paper produced by the HiRISE project explained how, on Mars, these objects can become destabilized by the sublimation of dry ice. Like yardangs and loess, they are produced via Aeolian processes, which include saltation, surface creep, and suspension. Types of these geologic objects include barkhans and draa, and both (*) \"fossilized\" ones and those that \"move\" are found in ergs. \"Reversing\" ones are formed where seasonal winds blow in different directions. For 10 points, name these large accumulations of sand.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c067b27aef1042558fe876b9f2547704",
            "input": "This property is displayed by ProHance, Optimark, and other Gadolinium-containing MRI contrast agents. HAMR drives curcumvent the size limits for one form of this phenomenon, and that form has a relaxation time proportional to the exponential of the nanoscale anisotropy times the volume, according to the Arrhenius-Neel law. On a bulk scale, ferrofluids display the super- version of this phenomenon. This phenomenon is proportional to the hyperbolic tangent of mu B over k T according to the Langevin law, which in one regime reduces to M equals C times B divided by T, a law named for Curie. This phenomenon occurs above the Curie point in some materials, and materials that exhibit it have positive magnetic susceptibility. For 10 points, name this type of magnetism in which domains will weaky align with an applied field.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7a759b12d0734bbd863d915f25e1e722",
            "input": "An 1889 strike of dockworkers in this city was settled at Millwall and mediated by Edward Manning. A wildly popular account of this city's underbelly was published by Ned Ward, who also described how the Mohawks and Hawkubites terrorized the women of this city. Joseph Bazalgette was largely responsible for redesigning this metropolitan area's sewer system after the Great Stink occurred. The police force of this city received the \"Dear Boss\" and \"From Hell\" letters, which enigmatically predicted a grisly set of crimes. Henry Cole organized an event in this city that displayed \"the works of industry of all nations\" in its Joseph Paxtondesigned structure. Its Whitechapel district was home to a series of unsolved murders. For 10 points, the Great Exhibition of 1851 took place in what city, which was also home to the Jack The Ripper killings",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-970bc0d3068347359e10d53197840ea1",
            "input": "Its intramolecular form is called the Dieckmann cyclization and produces either five- or six-membered rings. Its crossed form, common in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, only takes place if one its reactants has no alpha-hydrogens. In its intermolecular form, it begins with an acid-base reaction between a formation of an ester enolate by an alkoxide base. The enolate acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon of another ester molecule. The resulting tetrahedral intermediate collapses to give the final product, a beta-keto-ester. FTP, name this reaction, the ester analogue of the aldol condensation.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cb76721e4f204e1ea7dd232eef5a1c9f",
            "input": "After lying to another deity with the help of a flower, he was cursed, such that he was no longer worshipped on earth. This god's city is found within the heavens situated atop Mount Meru. After assuming the form of a swan, this figure was attacked after lying about reaching one end of the lingam. This led to him losing one of his heads, and left him with four, with which he saw in every direction. Using his own substance, he created his consort, Sarasvati. In his four arms, he carries a water jug, a scepter, a bow or spoon, and the Vedas. For 10 points, identify this creator god among the Hindu trimurti.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0202fb95e66c47eeba2ddf216a78f6f9",
            "input": "The inhabitants of this location migrated northwards after its downfall and founded the kingdom of Monomotapa. Some excavation of this site was carried out by Richard Hall, who is alleged to have removed artifacts from this site to support his theory that it (+) could not have actually been built by Africans. Items found here include a coin from Kilwa that demonstrates its trade network and a series of eight birds carved from soapstone. Including the Imba Huru, or (*) Great Enclosure, for 10 points, name this city, now in ruins, that gives part of its name to a nation once called Rhodesia.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e01c434022474f92b004e174ddcac7d4",
            "input": "This man resigned from his position where he directed the operations of the Black Hawk wars in order to become \"Envoy Extraordinaire and Minister Plenipotentiary to France. \" In 1849, he was elected to fill his own vacancy in the senate, and he resigned as ambassador to France in the wake of the Webster-Ashburton treaty, after writing the pamphlet \"An Examination of the Questions now in Discussion between the American and British Government Concerning the Right of Search\" in response to the Quintuple treaty negotiations between Austria, Russia, France, Britain, and Prussia to suppress the slave trade. This man lost support in his bid for the presidency due to the defection of the barnburners, and he claimed in the \"Nicholson letter\" that states should decide for themselves whether to allow slavery. An opponent of the Wilmot Proviso, for 10 points, name this senator from Michigan who was an early proponent of Popular Sovereignty.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0a95be2859a04ff28f5bd680796e0c54",
            "input": "In the 6th century, this kingdom reduced the Yemen to vassals, while three centuries earlier it invaded and conquered the neighboring Meroe kingdom. Renowned for its huge obelisk tombs, it used its port at Adulis to dominate trade on the Red Sea. It saw the minting of coins under its greatest king, Ezana, whose alliance with Byzantium started the kingdom's conversion to Christianity. For 10 points - what was this trading kingdom of northeastern Africa that eventually developed into Ethiopia",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-03dfa657f2974734b89fcea45a38fdc9",
            "input": "Adherents of this religion greet each other with the words \"sat sri akal\". This religion's services   are ended by reading a randomly selected verse from its scripture, and in this religion's places of  worship, communal kitchens serve free food to visitors regardless of their backgrounds. Members of   this faith are baptized by being sprinkled with and then drinking sugar water, and adherents wear  metal bracelets and carry daggers as two of this religion's Five Ks. Name this Indian religion founded  by a series of ten gurus, beginning with Guru Nanak, whose members maintain their uncut hair in  turbans.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c879481bb754b67b7d632d68879fa24",
            "input": "This author's relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas led to his imprisonment on sodomy laws, during which time he penned De Profundis. After his release from prison, he wrote a poem containing the line \"Yet each man kills the thing he loves\", The Ballad of Reading Gaol. This author of An Ideal Husband and Lady Windemere's Fan wrote one play in which Gwendolyn Fairfax loves the title character in part due to his name and in his only novel, this author describes the title character's destruction of a painting done by Basil Hallward. For 10 points, identify this Irish writer of The Importance of Being Earnest and The Picture of Dorian Gray.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f1eddfa527204a28bacf2d97d47a982e",
            "input": "Vaihinger discussed the relation between Swedenborg and this man's concept of two worlds, in a commentary on this man's Dreams of a Spirit Seer. He proposed the creation of a league to mediate international disputes in his essay \"Perpetual Peace,\" and defined ratiocination as the judgment of a predicate with its subject in \"The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures. \" He defined his best-known concept by claiming that nothing can be called good without qualification \"except a good will\" in his Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. For 10 points, name this author of The Critique of Judgment and Critique of Pure Reason who created the \"categorical imperative. \"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4fbb58cc8c6a4f14b010b477f0779743",
            "input": "This religion celebrates the new year with the Baisakhi festival. Adherents are required to wear an undergarment at all times, which is called the Kachcha, and an iron bracelet once they are baptized, which is called the Kara. A dagger is used to stir the water used for the baptism in this religion, which is one of the five Ks that is a part of this religion. The last of a certain group of leader of this religion established the militaristic Khalsa movement, and its sacred text is known as the Adi Granth. For 10 points, identify this religion whose \"Golden Temple\" is found in Amritsar, and which was founded by Guru Nanak.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e6e8825d7bb9471b88d597807b120489",
            "input": "A second version of this painting adds a shield and plumed helmet propped against the pedestal on the right, and a nearby dancing pair holding hands. Both versions include a small dog mirroring the pose of a woman clutching a staff, who gazes back at the grove on the right while her partner leads the way downhill. The second version shows pennants flying from the mast of the ship waiting at the left for the various lovers, and both versions feature a garlanded statue of a goddess of love. For 10 points, name this fte gallant showing couples preparing for a trip to or from the birthplace of Aphrodite, a painting by Watteau.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6fc7dec254bf4154a8e2e0b8c31d8e85",
            "input": "One leader of this country organized the Blue Division, and this was led by Miguel Primo de Rivera and Juan Negrin. The Abraham Lincoln Brigades and the Condor Legion fought in this country. A civil war in this country saw the Carlists side the with the Phalange, and one leader of this country suppressed minority languages like Galician and (*) Basque. For 10 points, name this Iberian country long led by Francisco Franco.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e049bdf639344c1895b9317da20bc694",
            "input": "This results from phonon interactions in simple metals. Joule heating is caused by this, while Wheatstone bridges are used to find unknown values for this quantity. The thermal form of this quantity is equal to the length of the material over the conductivity times the cross-sectional area. \"Drug\" this occurs when pathogens become able to survive exposure to certain drugs, rendering those drugs obsolete. Drag is sometimes called this of air. Name this term, the electrical type of which measures of the degree an object opposes the flow of an electrical current, measured in ohms.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-934b427030c445689a68858cb6a6ea8a",
            "input": "This man's arrangement of a J.S. Bach fugue is known as his \"\"Fugue a la Gigue. \"\" The last movement of this man's Second Suite in F combines the folk songs \"\"Dargason\"\" and \"\"Greensleeves,\"\" a combination echoed in his later St. Paul's Suite. He is best known for a work that includes a 6/4 march in one movement, and a dissonant (*) 5/4 theme introduced in the bassoons in another of the seven movements. For 10 points, name this composer of The Planets.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-854fcac843e8452b82a82ca799b67505",
            "input": "A late work from this movement done entirely in shades of brown is Mechano-Dancer, by Vilmos Huszar. A house from this movement, designed by the maker of the Red and Black Chair, was commission by Mrs. Schroder-Schrader. The best-known member of this group broke away over an argument about the use of diagonal lines with Theo von Doesburg. Also known as neoplasticism, for 10 points, Piet Mondrian was key figure in what Dutch artistic movement",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e5cdf2ba3f94d11b319ac1a052fe3ee",
            "input": "It is the basis of a form of cryptography for which the BB84 and E91 key distribution schemes were developed; these methods use this rule to detect eavesdropping. Einstein considered a box filled with light, whose loss of energy would be associated with a loss of (*) weight, as means of refuting it. Its proof often employs the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, and it commonly states that h-bar over 2 must be less than or equal to the product of the standard deviations of position and momentum. For 10 points, name this principle that states that certain pairs of observables cannot exactly be determined to arbitrary precision.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-078fe90a14064c42b0ea298a53d63c78",
            "input": "One short story by this author involves the befouling of Major de Spain's rug by the arsonist Abner, who later appears in The Hamlet, The Town, and The Mansion. He wrote about a lady's murder of Homer Barron in \"A Rose for Emily.\" In one of his novels, Vardaman calls his mother a fish, and in another, the brother of the retarded Benji commits suicide while at Harvard. The creator of the Bundrens and the Compsons, for 10 points, identify this Southern author of As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Fury.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-176d555e87c74a2e8b6cac4083886e49",
            "input": "The usage of slurred couplets accompanies one character's sighs in this opera's aria \"Mi tradi, quell alma ingrate.\" The second act of this opera ends with a servant being accused of murder at a ball by his master. The title character of this work is told he will not laugh beyond sunset, and this opera sees Ottavio engaged to marry Donna Anna, while Zerlina is approached in \"La ci darem la mano.\" Leporello sings this opera's best-known aria, which lists off his master's conquests. This opera features the Catalogue Aria and ends as the title character is dragged to hell by a statue. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera whose title character seduces many women.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6926221667d48b18d712132ab899fa3",
            "input": "One of this author's stories ends with a teenager pointing a gun at his sister after raping the elderly prostitute living upstairs, while others are collected in The Temptation of Jack Orkney. This author's dramas include Each His Own Wilderness and Play with a Tiger. Three men lust after the title figure of this author's \"A Woman on a Roof,\" while Catherine's crush on Philip leads her to borrow a book by the titular author in her \"Homage for Isaac Babel. \"  George Sherban is the incarnation of Johor, a representative of the Canopus empire, in her space novel Shikasta, and an abandoned house is restored by Alice Mellings  in The Good Terrorist. A Ripple from the Storm, A Proper Marriage, and Martha Quest make up her trilogy Children of Violence, while a better-known work contains the novel The Shadow of the Third by Anna Wulf. For 10 points name this author of The Golden Notebook.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fcefd263d5414f9fad645d8553de7a6a",
            "input": "Stark wooden walls contrast with the outside view in his Woman at the Window, which features his wife Christine. A woman in a red dress in the left foreground of another work looks on as a man in the center recovers his hat and cane after a fall in his Chalk Cliffs of Rugin, while the title figure stands on a lumpy white landmass while dwarfed by the ominous sky in his The Monk by the Sea. This artist depicted five ships at various distances from the shore representing the lifespans of the five human figures in his Stages of Life, and he showed the back of a man standing on a craggy peak above some other craggy peaks covered in fog in another work. He also painted a work that features a sky with reddish layered clouds while the title religious symbol is flanked by conifers and illuminated by three light beams from the heavens. For 10 points, name this German Romantic painter of Traveler Above a Sea of Clouds and The Cross in the Mountains.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1db28b93c3134f2881eef52c41fdeb2a",
            "input": "This element catalyzes the addition of alpha-bromo esters to ketones in the Reformatsky reaction. This element is coordinated by a water atom and three imidazole nitrogens in the active site of carbonic anhydrase, and transcription factor II B has a \"ribbon motif\" named for this element. A structure with folds called the (*) \"gag knuckle\" and \"treble clef\" uses cysteine and histidine residues to bind an ion of this metal, its namesake \"finger\" domain. Its most often used ore is its sulfide, the mineral sphalerite. With nickel, this metal is used in rechargeable batteries. For 10 points, name this metal, which with a thin copper coating comprises pennies.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-65d7dbc7c2be43b7922ae690a82899a9",
            "input": "The events in the novel cover a period of one day as its main character, a pretty but inconsequential socialite, goes shopping in preparation for a dinner party she's to be hosting in the evening. Along the way she thinks about her childhood friend Sally Seton, a former suitor Peter Walsh, and some of the guests who would attend her party, including the psychiatrist Sir William Bradshaw, who is distressed by the suicide of his patient Septimius Smith. This is, for 10 points, a description of what novel by Virginia Woolf",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-248dfa17893b49289a0d17d5fbc64681",
            "input": "The first part of this event was calmed by the Peace of Rueil, but the machinations of Cardinal de Retz and the arrest of the Prince of (*) Cond led it to erupt again. First instigated by the Parlement of Paris, it was directed at the influence of Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin. For 10 points name this series of revolts, named for a sling, that occurred at the start of Louis XIV's reign.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d631c8418d1445659beda8bbe573198d",
            "input": "This author wrote a series of witty letters to his friend Esther Johnson titled A Journal to Stella. He also wrote a critique of Christianity through the journeys of Peter, Martin, and Jack titled A Tale of a Tub. Another work by this author uses the testimony of George Psalmanazar to support his central argument, which led some to accuse him of (*) cannibalism. That work is a short essay in which he humorously suggested that small children be eaten. For 10 points, name this Irish author of A Modest Proposal and Gulliver's Travels.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0570491e7cbb4e69944b15f08c8598bd",
            "input": "On the right side of this work is a backgammon table with three dice on it, while a woman carrying a jug and a candle has another large die on her head. The left side of this painting depicts a unicorn, a giraffe, and a large pink fountain. The exterior of this work is a grisaille of a transparent sphere containing traces of vegetation, the world during the Third Day of creation. This painting's left panel includes God's hand on Eve's wrist in Eden, while its rightmost panel depicts punishment in Hell and its central panel contains many nudes frolicking in the title sinful location. For 10 points, name this triptych by Hieronymus Bosch.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e17391fb1bbb45df9e538805c14c98c9",
            "input": "Ridolfi claimed that his studio wall held the inscription: The drawing of Michelangelo and the color of Titian. Fond of painting the same scene from different angles, this artist employed wax models on a stage in order to experiment with light. His St. George and the Dragon may be found in the National Gallery of London, while his self-portrait at age 70 may be found in the Louvre. His works depicting the lives of Christ and the Virgin may be found in the Scuola di San Rocco, among which is his magnificent Crucifixion. For ten points, identify this leading Italian Mannerist famous for his The Anunciation and Last Supper.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9e46aa05aba742698a6d3ffa1564ee11",
            "input": "figure accidentally killed a man while engaged to the daughter of King Pittheus, Aertha. Stheneboea, the wife of Proteus, accused him of raping her, and she later killed herself when she found out that this figure married her sister. This figure delivered a letter ordering his own death to King Iobates of Lycia. He consulted Polyidus before setting out to kill a monster plaguing that region. He became a wandering cripple after Zeus used a gadfly to thwart this husband of Philonoe in his attempt to enter Mount Olympus. Athena gave a golden bridle to this figure to help with his most notable task. For 10 points, name this slayer of the Chimera and tamer of Pegasus.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-76fcb434bd64464a88dc877f34400aa1",
            "input": "In quantum mechanics, Koopmans theorem can be used to provide an interpretation of these, with regard to a Fock operator, as ionization potentials. If an operator is Hermitian, these are real, and the set of these is referred to as an operator's spectrum. The determinant of a finite matrix is equal to the product of these, and the sum of these is equal to its trace. FTP, name these roots of a matrixs characteristic equation that are defined as the solutions of the characteristic polynomial of a matrix.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-310b40bbf6464b2695845879c432d46d",
            "input": "During WWI, he published Egotism in German Philosophy, having earlier produced an important critique of literature entitled Interpretations of Poetry and Religion. He stated that to judge anything beautiful is \"to establish an ideal\" in The Sense of Beauty and attempted to describe the human intellect in The Life of Reason. He later described his theory of immediately apprehended essences in his major works, Scepticism and Animal Faith and Realms of Being. FTP, who was this Spanish-born American philosopher and author of the novel The Last Puritan, known for his quote \"those who cannot remember the past are doomed to repeat it\"",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-059b4567a5ce45e6a2cb91e62a0ad780",
            "input": "Putting forth an ideology called the \"Anka Doctrine,\" a form of Maoism, this ruler would ascend to the rule of his power with the arrest of secretary Ton Samouth. Later during his rule, he decided to murder those who associated with Sak Sutsakhan to force him to surrender. He rebelled against the rule of Lon Nol, and his followers captured Phnom Penh several years later and renamed the country Democratic Kampuchea; places where those killed by followers of this leader were buried were called the \"Killing Fields. \" FTP, name this Communist leader from Cambodia who led the Khmer Rouge.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c8f21fe2dddb4e4797832e9f9cf16b07",
            "input": "One of this thinker's works claims \"Subjectivity is truth\" and is seen as a sequel to a work that defines man as the \"Learner\" and his \"Error\" as sin. This author of Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments included the \"Seducer's Diary\" in another work that discusses the evolution through the aesthetic, ethical, and religious stages of life. He asked, \"Is there a teleological suspension of the ethical\" in a work that contrasts the knight of infinite faith with the knight of infinite resignation. That work examines Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac. For 10 points, name this author of Either/Or and Fear and Trembling, a frequent user of pseudonyms.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-41898b6cfa4247569da1ca6769533e49",
            "input": "His early works, such as The Martydom of St. Erasmus, differ from later canvases like The Gathering of the Manna. He initially copied the style of Titian as in Plague at Ashod but moved to echoing a mature Raphael as in Adoration of the Golden Calf and Flight Into Egypt. After coming to Rome, he lived in Italy for the rest of his life except for a few years as court painter to Louis XIII. FTP, name this painter of Et in Arcadia Ego and Holy Family on the Steps, the preeminent French classical painter of the 17th-century.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bea246e409044316aa140196225abcba",
            "input": "This monarch requested that Clement XI issue the anti-Jansenist bullVineam Domini. One his mistresses was implicated of witchcraft in the Affair of the Poisons. This ruler tried to install one of his sons by that mistress, Madame de Montspan, as regent for his son, but the Duke of Maine was arrested by this mans nephew, the Duke of Orleans. An invasion of the Netherlands by this ruler was ended with the Treaty of Nijmegen. His ministers included the Marquis de Louvois. This monarch was opposed by an alliance led by Leopold I and the Palatinate known as the League of Augsburg. This man made his son Philip of Anjou king of another nation after the death of Charles II, leading to the War of the Spanish Succession. For 10 points, name this French Sun King.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-5545bc8e14c345f0a77dcda21b356cbb",
            "input": "This man created, along with Luis Bunuel the films \"The Golden Age,\" and \"An Andalusian Dog,\" and created the logo for Chupa Chups. This artist depicted a set of three birds giving a deceptive reflection in a pool of water in his \"Swans Reflecting Elephants.\" This artist depicted the \"disintegration\" of another of his works, and that painting features a series of ants as well as multiple misshapen clocks. For 10 points, name this surrealist painter of \"The Disintegration of Memory.\"",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0221d1a772bc4c13a469de0717e974aa",
            "input": "When in solutions of these substances, colloid particles can be pushed together by an osmotic imbalance known as the depletion interaction, and in low concentrations these substances can cause bridging flocculation. When in a theta solvent, these substances follow a random flight model. More generally, their interactions in solution are modeled by Flory-Huggins theory. These substances can be synthesized with the help of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. For 10 points, name these large molecules such as Kevlar and nylon which are made up of many repeating monomers.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-83c3ec7074324056a7b03eb8f4a0ce76",
            "input": "A contributor to the daily Action Nationale, he was a leading member of Les Groupe des Griots, a famous circle of writers. A supporter of President Dumarsais Estime, he went underground and organized resistance upon Estime's overthrow. After recovering from a 1959 heart attack, he imprisoned his aide, Clement Barbot, with whom he had founded the bogeymen, or Tontons Macoutes. FTP, name this physician who served 14 years as president of Haiti.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0d7c5f84debd4068a6072dc3fcca85f2",
            "input": "The Borda method fails to satisfy this theorem and when multiple alternatives are available, a cyclic majority can be overcome by Condorcet preferences. It can be weakened but not entirely overcome for instances governed by Gibbard's theorem where the application of a quasi-transitive, weakly Paretian aggregation rule produces an (*) oligarchy. For 10 points a universal domain, independence from irrelevant alternatives, non-dictatorship, and Pareto efficiency are not all simultaneously attainable in a voting system according to what theorem of social choice theory.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-668689ae68a24a7ca015fcdd96d76485",
            "input": "The frame story of this novel begins with a man who had had a torrid love affair in London attempting to get some time in the country by renting a home. That character later has a dream in which he slams a window down on the arm of a ghost who attempts to get into his room. A different dream in this novel sees one character expelled from both heaven and hell, which she equates with the titular place of this novel. Lockwood attempts to rent Thrushcross Grange, although it hasn't been well-taken care of by the maid Nelly Dean. One character in this novel is taken in by Earnshaw, whose son Hindley hates him; he in turn abuses Hareton, who marries Catherine Linton. For 10 points, name this novel about the mutually destructive love of Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, a novel by Emily Bronte.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-1deaa043613841148b57c8e66eb8ed8a",
            "input": "Simone Molinaro, Vincenzo Galilei provided much of the source material for one of this artists works, the suites of transcriptions from lute called Ancient Airs and Dances. His appreciation for Rossini led him to write the arrangements La Boutique fantastique and Rossiniana, which were later made into ballets, while his love of Botticelli was expressed in the Three Botticelli Pictures of 1927. His wife was an excellent composer in her own right, finishing his Lucrezia after he died. However, his best knows works include one memorializing LOttobrata; another that begins at the Valle Julia; and a third that is partly set on the Via Appia. For ten points name this composer best known for this trilogy of Roman Festivals, The Fountains of Rome, and The Pines of Rome.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d25f30bf8bca49f2baac096160716ba6",
            "input": "His war-chariot is drawn by the Killer, the Relentless, the Trampler, and the Swift. He passes a test in which he makes a garment disappear and reappear, reassuring the other gods after Gaga proclaims this gods intention to do battle. The Igigi bow to him and the Anunnaki kiss his feet after his victory, achieved with the help of the Fourfold Wind, the Cyclone, and 5 other winds. Following his victory, he uses the carcass of a primordial salt-water goddess to form the cosmos, as detailed in the Enuma Elish. FTP name this son of Ea and slayer of Tiamat, the chief Babylonian god.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4282cd974bc64668ad55d5a1609cb0ab",
            "input": "This figure once defused an argument by stepping in for his home's usual cupbearer. This figure was brought in to fix a cursed chair by Dionysus, who intoxicated him and placed him on a donkey. This figure and his wife Aglaia are said to have golden automatons as servants. At Troy, this god rescued Achilles from the river Scamander. Eurynome and Thetis raised this father of Erichthonius after rescuing him at his major cult site, Lemnos. Because of his enmity toward Ares, this god cursed the necklace of Harmonia and created a fine but unbreakable net to shame Aphrodite. More charitable feelings led this god to create the armor of Achilles. This god is sometimes considered to be the offspring of only Hera, and his fall from Olympus was either caused by or caused his lameness. For 10 points, name this god of fire and blacksmiths.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f0379dbd48f40b4b67ebffcbc79bc53",
            "input": "One of his poems seeks forgiveness from a \"Meek Daughter\" for \"shapings of the unregenerate mind,\" probably reflecting his deference to his religious bride-to-be, Sarah Fricker. who was also the sister-in-law of Robert Southey. This man conjectures that \"all of animated nature\" is affected like the title object by \"one intellectual breeze, At once the Soul of each, and God of all. \" Beginning with an address to \"my pensive Sara,\" that poem was written shortly before his \"This Lime-Tree Bower my Prison. \" For 10 points, name this author of \"The Aeolean Harp\" who also described Xanadu and a penitent sailor in \"Kubla Khan\" and \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. \"",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f03c1782fe74498a926b4cdc2f870ba1",
            "input": "An attempt to end this war with a twenty million dollar indemnity failed at the Lackawanna conference. According to Wikipedia, weekly editorials in one country's leading newspaper still press for a reversal of this war's outcome. During the first phase of this war, the naval battle of Inquique resulted in the death of Arturo Prat and the destruction of the frigate corvette Esmeralda. The victor at that battle was defeated in the Battle of Angamos, allowing the invaders to land troops at Pisagua. Miguel Grau's ship Huascar was a key player in those battles. The Tarapaca province was ceded at the end of this war over saltpeter deposits, in the Treaty of Ancon. For 10 points, name this war, fought fought between Chile and a Peruvian-Bolivian alliance, in which Bolivia lost its access to the ocean.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ae6c61695b4c4ea283ca615e9034ff73",
            "input": "One proponent of this philosophy argued that other philosophies failed due to projecting the results of abstractions onto reality. A belief that truth is only a tag that people bestow upon claims in order to present their views was written by Richard Rorty, while another advocate of this philosophy discussed semiosis, or sign action, and the three basic elements that make up objects and their meanings in his work How to Make Our Ideas Clear. That man, [*] C. S. Peirce, founded this philosophy which was later expounded upon by John Dewey. For 10 points, name this philosophy that believes that thoughts are only true if they are practical, popularized by William James.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-fafcbb179d504ec9840e0b273988822f",
            "input": "One character in this work stares into a small bouquet of flowers, and another character in this work is a small girl wearing a white bonnet and a red dress who is running towards something. In the distance, the viewer can make out smoke coming from the smokestack of a small ship, and a young man with a top hat sits against a tree, apparently deep in thought, in this work, which also contains a dude in a black safari hat playing the trumpet. In the foreground of this work, a mustached man carries a bottle of booze under his arm and a cigar between his fingers, and next to him stands a woman with a humongous ass and an umbrella over her left shoulder, while in her right hand she holds the leash of a monkey. For 10 pointsname this painting by Georges Seurat.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-8c61164ff52645e4934d2ef5c6589189",
            "input": "This man put forth a theory on the formation of sentences intended to refute Hermann Pauls theory, using the example that, in the sentence Grass is green, our representation of grass contains our representation of green. He was given a typewriter as a gift by his student James Mckeen Cattell; he posited that the mind constructs psychic resultants which are formed by associations or apperceptive combinations. His first publication was Contributions to the Theory of Sense Perception, after which he formulated his theory of introspection, and then wrote Lectures on the Mind of Humans Animals. Another important idea of his is the tridimensional theory of feeling, discovered while employing physiological techniques in his famous laboratory. FTP, name this German-born Father of Experimental Psychology.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a48609569a6845f2956697fd06c910d5",
            "input": "His dissertation stemmed from the work of Frank Knight and studied the role of expectations in price formation. A few years later, he made the distinction between ex ante and ex post savings and investment contained in his Monetary Equilibrium, but he later shifted focus to applied economics and poverty. FTP, name this member of the Stockholm school and author of Beyond the Welfare State and An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy who shared the 1974 Nobel Prize.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-bcf3be339a6a46aaa4446ded77db8ec6",
            "input": "Varieties of these orthorhombic minerals include tephroite and knebelite. The magnesium-rich variety of these minerals is believed to be the most abundant(*) consitutent of the upper mantle. These mafic minerals crystalize first in the continuous part of Bowen's reaction series, and its varieties include forsterite, also known as peridot. For 10 points identify this group of minerals which gets its name from the green color of its magnesium-iron series.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-211a5b029455451bb27f1d5de8afb23e",
            "input": "It's not Cherenkov radiation, but this type of radiation is faintly visible to observers who are accustomed to a darkened room as a blue glow seeming to originate within the eye. This type of radiation is emitted when an electron in copper transitions from the L shell to the K shell, in a process which is used to provide a source in crystallography. This type of radiation was inelastically scattered by electrons in the first observation of the Compton Effect. Sometimes known as Rontgen radiation, for 10 points, name this type of electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength lies between UV and gamma rays.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-412e5906523f4efe82c68a37af41b8a9",
            "input": "In this story, signs advertising a restaurant note that the proprietor is \"\"The Fat Boy With the Happy Laugh\"\" and \"\"A Veteran. \"\" That restaurant in this story is named The Tower and its owner is Red Sammy Butts, who is insulted by June Star following her dance routine. John Wesley describes Tennessee as being a \"\"hillbilly dumping ground\"\" in this work, which also includes the cat Pitty Sing. For 10 points, name this story by Flannery O'Connor in which the Misfit murders the Grandmother.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-79407ce5547340169a3af643fe79f8fb",
            "input": "It is often cited as the secular analogue to the Lamentation at the Cappella di Eleonora. The old woman on the left is holding her head, while another figure has a young girl's face and offers a honeycomb. Painted as a gift for Francis I, a white dove can be seen on one side, while two masks lie strewn on the lower right. One of the title figures has a bald head and uses his long arm to draw back a blue curtain at the top of the painting. Another title figure is a smiling nude boy who clutches a handful of rose petals. Meanwhile, the two central titular figures are portrayed embracing. FTP, name this Mannerist masterpiece by Agnolo Bronzino.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c4b5017687104a1d9aa8e9b50309081b",
            "input": "Life among his people was described in the writings of Henry Flynn and Nathaniel Isaacs, two settlers of the Farewell Trading Company that passed through his lands. After his adoptive Mtetwa father was assassinated he gained power by destroying the Langeni. Though the death of his mother, Nandi, caused him to go insane late in his reign and he was eventually killed by his half-brother Dingane, in the early 1820s his standardization of the \"assegai\" allowed his regiments known as \"impi\" to dominate Southern Africa. FTP identify this legendary Zulu chieftain.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d793d8fe3295457fac7e34d0525293c2",
            "input": "In one of his works, Tamina is spooked by ostriches while visiting the zoo with Hugo. In another of his works, a postcard with the phrase \"Optimism is the opium of the people\" causes Ludvik to be expelled from the Communist party. This author of The Joke intertwined sections titled \"The Angels\" and \"Lost Letters\" in his The Book of Laughter and Forgetting. In his most famous novel, a dog named Karenin belongs to Tomas and Tereza, a pair of intellectuals living in Prague. For 10 points, name this author of The Unbearable Lightness of Being.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-407d6c99242c4f7ea472a74bf7a87d1c",
            "input": "The Sellmeier equation is an empirical relation describing the dependence of this quantity on wavelength. In left-handed materials, which have negative values of this quantity, the group and phase velocities point in opposite directions. Given by the square root of the product of the relative permittivity and permeability, for most materials it is approximately equal to the square root of the dielectric constant. FTP, name this quantity, equal to the speed of light over the local phase velocity, which appears in Snell's Law.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7d484eb39a4c47f5af9f62e316418645",
            "input": "The title character in one of this man's novels composes incidental music for Love's Labours Lost and the oratorio Apocalypse cum figures. Another novel by this author contains frequent debates between the humanist Settembrini and the radical Naptha. In another novel, this author wrote about the downfall of a Lubeck-based merchant family. He wrote a novel in which Joachim Ziemmsen is visited at a sanatorium by Hans Castorp. For 10 points, name this German author of Buddenbrooks, Doctor Faustus, and The Magic Mountain.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9ab0d31fcb9c435298aedc37cb86e065",
            "input": "This poem describes \"gardens bright with sinuous rills\" and an Abyssinian maid \"singing of Mount Abora\" and playing a dulcimer. In its second stanza, it describes \"caverns measureless to man\" through which the sacred river Alph runs. Supposedly composed after its author experienced an opium-influenced dream, this poem opens with the title ruler decreeing \"a stately pleasure-dome\" in Xanadu. For 10 points, name this poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0c564e12492497399332312adada289",
            "input": "His long campaign to win Livonia eventually met failure at the hands of Stephen Bathory, but he did conquer Kazan and Astrakhan and made the first Russian inroads into Siberia. The son of Vasily III, his reign was characterized by his struggles with the boyars, leading him to call the first national assembly, the zemski sobor, and establish his own state called Oprichnina within Russia. After the death of his first wife Anastasia in 1560 he experienced a decline in emotional stability which is the source of his current fame. FTP, who was this first czar of Russia, known as * \"the Terrible\"",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7287981fce86404882e82d8354017ee5",
            "input": "This man executed the altarpiece The Ascension for the St. Michael's Church and also painted a portrait of The Bridges Family. Eugene Delacroix was inspired to re-paint part of The Massacre at Chios after two of his works were displayed at the Paris Salon. A boat with its sail pulled down appears to the left of the titular animal jumping over a barrier in the Leaping Horse, one of his popular \"six-footers\". Critics derisively labeled the sparkling quality of his works as his namesake \"snow\", and he argued that the sky was the \"chief organ of sentiment\" of a painting. John Fisher commissioned a painting where cows graze and a man in the foreground points his cane at the titular structure, 1825's Salisbury Cathedral. His best known work depicts a cottage owned by Willy Lott and the titular conveyance fording the River Stour. For 10 points, name this British artist of the Hay Wain.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9323a756db2b4e11a6b3068080df33cb",
            "input": "The Circumcellions formed a militant branch of the adherents of this belief, which began their persecution. Majorinus, After this set of beliefs were re-adopted by their holders, a story held that dogs that were fed the Eucharist became infuriated and attacked their masters. After the defeat of Firmus, a holder of these beliefs, Valentinian passed a series of laws against them. The adherents of this belief were fond of shouting \"Laudes Deo.Maximianus, and twice Primian served as bishops that promoted this set of beliefs, and the controversy over them was sparked by Felix of Aptunga's ordination of Mensurius's successor, Caecilianus, as bishop of Carthage. For ten points, identify this heresy which was named for a Berber and which held that sacraments administered by an impure priest were invalid.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d94f46c953cb4e49ba437617a50babb7",
            "input": "This figure's brother was born after lightning struck a broken egg, and his own birth resulted in the Gods cowering and asking him to shrink. Sometimes considered the descendent of Cyena and Cyene, during the Mahabarata, Dronacharya uses a battle formation named for this figure. This ruler of the Suparnas had a sister named Sumati, and this figure's children include Sampati and a friend of Rama who attempted to stop Ravana's kidnapping of Sita, Jatayu. Indra stole a container of amrita during his quest to free his mother Vinata from Kadru. FTP, name this king of the birds and eternal enemy of the snakelike Nagas, the mount of Vishnu.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dd4a700bdbfa43e0a6396c8afb758a12",
            "input": "The city in which this work is set is contrasted with a dowager capital, and it claims that during the early summer, that city experiences white nights. The protagonist of this work laments that God doesnt grant him better brains and pay and thinks of lazy folks who are gifted and lived easy and lightly. The protagonist is saved by two sentry lions, but he worries about the plight of those on a little island. The protagonist is finally found dead in the threshold of a little house, and that crazy hero is quickly buried on the spot. FTP, name this poem in which Evgenys beloved Parasha is probably wiped away by a flood of the Neva, a work featuring a statue of Peter the Great by Alex Pushkin.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e83d516266e9481390e0d20560a20560",
            "input": "At the foot of the bed stands a black kitten with its tail pointing up in the air. The subject of the painting wears a magnolia behind her left ear, a gold bracelet on her right arm,  sandals, and nothing else, while a black maid offers her a large bouquet of flowers. FTP, identify this painting, a depiction of a nude prostitute which scandalized the art world of 1863 and is a masterpiece of Edouard Manet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6f4831f1e76940cba25c7acfb3905b12",
            "input": "In one of this artist's works, a red fleur-de-lis hangs from a heraldic trumpet and columns separate the work into three vertical sections containing heralds, nuns, and a woman in childbirth, respectively. In addition to this non-biblical nativity now known as the Berlin Tondo, he painted a work in which a man kneels into the water at the left . Another work shows an angel robed in red holding a (*) sword above two weeping nude figures walking from an archway and can be found in the same Florintine church. For 10 points, name this successor of Masolino whose The Tribute Money and The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden can be seen in the Brancacci Chapel.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ab1986e49d740ffa745188907e4133d",
            "input": "Originally a violin player he visited Russia on a tour and ended up staying to study with Rimsky-Korsakoff. His American trips inspired such works as Brazilian Impressions, while his time at St. Cecilia's produced Church Windows, The Birds, and Three Pictures by Botticelli. Operatic works include the children's piece Sleeping Beauty, Belfagor,  and The Sunken Bell. Works like the Ancient Airs and Dances for lute saw him exploring the traditions of his native Italy, one of whose major cities inspired his best known pieces. FTP identify this composer of two symphonic poems that contain sections like \"The Catacombs\" and \"The Appian Way,\" The Pines of Rome and The Fountains of Rome.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-87d905f275094211ac07ddb0f3aba61e",
            "input": "This author wrote a story in which a chef drowns a violinist in a tureen of steaming soup for distracting diners from appreciating the chef's masterpiece. In another work by him, women of the \"disenfranchisement movement\" stage weeping demonstrations in opposition to Hermann the Irascible's law making voting compulsory for women. In one of his stories, Cornelius Appin teaches a cat to talk, but its habit of spreading embarrassing gossip leads everyone to try to kill it. This author created (*) Conradin, who worships the title ferret, which kills his guardian. The line \"Romance at short notice was her specialty\" ends a story by him in which Vera Sappleton frightens Mr. Nuttel by convincing him that the hunters returning through the title entrance are ghosts. For 10 points, name this British short story writer who included \"Sredni Vashtar\" in his The Chronicles of Clovis and wrote \"The Open Window\".",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dad2092cddcf49fd8fadfc83bd8f2a95",
            "input": "exploring a series of dusty, unused rooms, one character in this work says \"I'm your novice\" to express her sexual desire, referencing a story her lover once told her at a dinner party. While taking a break from a ball, this novel's protagonist stops to examine a painting called Death of the Just Man. Later, that protagonist sees a cart of bloody bulls and contemplates Venus; on his deathbed he sees Venus again, this time in the form of a beautifully-dressed woman. This book's famous final scene sees the embalmed body of the protagonist's dog Bendico thrown out of a window onto a trash heap. In Chapter 4, this book's protagonist refuses Chevalley di Monterzuolo's offer to become a member of the new Senate, recommending instead the mayor of Donnafugata, Don Calogero. Earlier, the protagonist forces himself to petition Don Calogero for his daughter Angelica's hand in marriage on behalf of his nephew Tancredi Falconeri. FTP, identify this novel set during and after the Risorgimento which follows the life of Don Fabrizio, Prince of Salina, and is the best-known work of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-da3df5081eab41368a5cb0edc6ccacd0",
            "input": "This country is the site of a gigantic puppy crafted from flowers by Jeff Koons. A museum in this country is the permanent home of The Garden of Earthly Delights and Las Meninas. A composer from this country wrote the ballet Love the Magician and the nocturne Nights in the Garden of Spain. This country is home to the Parc Guell and the Church of the Holy Family, the masterpieces of Antoni Gaudi. For 10 points, name this location of the Prado Museum and the Guggenheim Bilbao.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f482de1cbe164093a54f1b2e0006a3c7",
            "input": "Called \"a squanderbird\" by her husband, she rejects the assistance offered by Dr. Rank, who confesses his love for her, and receives a card signaling his death at the same time her crime is revealed. With the help of Christine Linde, she attempts to charm the man who discovers her secret, but to no avail. She saved her husband when he was ill by secretly taking out a loan so they could travel to Italy, but forged her father's signature on the bond because he was dying. Nils Krogstad reveals the secret to her husband Torvald after he is fired. FTP, name this protagonist of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-342a268d46d14c17840052d609c7dd26",
            "input": "thinker used the last name Oswald to publish a series of articles which earned him a place in The Free, a group within the Young Hegelians, whom he later criticized along with Bruno Bauer in another work. The partner in romances with the sisters Elizabeth and Mary Burns, he was largely influenced by Moses Hess and argued that the titular concepts are not \"natural\" institutions and are obstacles to human progress in The Origin of the Family, (*) Private Property, and the State. This thinker also criticized the philosophy of another German in Anti-Dring, part of which was separately published as Socialism: Utopian and Scientific. Death rates before and after the introduction of mills were discussed in his The Condition of the Working Class in England. For 10 points, name this German thinker, the collaborator of Karl Marx.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6314d562b6134619ab94c0a7ff25aeb6",
            "input": "An iron crucifix can be seen in the top left corner of this painting, which also depicts a man dressed in pink and black holding a dagger. A green curtain dominates the background of this work, which also depicts a polyhedral sundial, a globe, a lute, and an anamorphic skull. The two lone figures in this painting are usually identified as Georges de Selve and Jean de Dinteville, both of whom rest their arms upon a table holding various items representing knowledge and science. For 10 points, name this 1533 painting by Hans Holbein the Younger.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f00cf105e21e4c41adb425cde88e5a8f",
            "input": "One of this authors novels follows the accompanist to the singer Clement Sebastian, while, in another two characters climb Blue Mesa and Godfrey St. Peter uses the Oxford prize to purchase a new house. In addition to Lucy Gayheart and The Professors House, this writer described the maiming of a woodpecker by Ivy Peters near the home of Captain Forrester, a performance as Sieglinde in Die Walkre by Thea Kronborg, Jim Burdens reuniting with a member of the Shimerda family, and the expulsion of Carl Lindstrom from Alexandra Bergsons house. For 10 points, name this author of A Lost Lady, The Song of the Lark, My Antonia, and O Pioneers!",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e1cfa35c524e4367b293f4d98f97b381",
            "input": "After the success of this book, pilgrims to the church depicted in \"Hughley Steeple\" were dismayed to discover that not only did it not have a graveyard full of suicides, it didn't even have a steeple. Featuring such poems as \"The Welsh Marshes,\" \"The Day of Battle,\" and \"The Immortal Part,\" its longest poem states that \"malt does more than Milton can / To justify God's ways to man. \" FTP, name this 1896 work, which includes \"Loveliest of trees, the cherry now\" and \"To An Athlete Dying Young,\" a collection of verse by A. E. Housman.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7c0990ddb0264ffbb79b24b5dc1a4a93",
            "input": "To account for the possibility of the invisible-hand, the author of this work appeals to genetic drift, Schelling's tipping model, the Austrian theory of trade cycles, as well as thirteen other possible causes. One section includes an analysis of Hart's principle of fairness, while another contains an analysis of envy and exploitation. This work posits three natural rights: justice in acquisition, transfer, and rectification, to account for justified entitlements. This work then argues that end-result and pattern principles do not satisfy these requirements of justice. Also containing the \"experience machine\" thought experiment, this work features chapters on \"Prohibition, Compensation and Risk\" and tries to derive the moral justification for a minimal government via state-of-nature theory. Featuring a famous thought experiment on Wilt Chamberlain, this is, for 10 points, what philosophical work by Robert Nozick",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3e2d3f5751e3460bbdc249773f64a55a",
            "input": "He opened trade with England through the Muscovy Company and conquered Kazan and Astrakhan. His reign saw the unsuccessful Livonian War, as well as the execution of Filipp Kolychv, head of the church, and Prince Vladimir Staritsky, his chosen successor, during a period of oppression known as the oprichnina. He farcically abdicated for a year in favor of Simeon Bekbulatovich in 1575, and later killed his heir Ivan Ivanovich, leaving his feebleminded son Fyodor as the only heir. FTP, identify this man essentially succeeded by Boris Godunov, the first Russian tsar.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3d1d24cb47844c20a25a20fa78502118",
            "input": "The Fermi energy in these materials lies near the middle of the band-gap and moves toward the valence band edge as acceptors such as boron and aluminum are introduced, or moves toward the conduction band edge with the introduction of donors such as phosphorus. The continuity equation expresses the change in carrier concentration in them as a function of factors such as Auger [OH-zhay] recombination, generation-recombination, diffusion, and drift. Having a zinc-blend or diamond crystal structure, their atoms are generally bonded to their four nearest neighbors. Examples include cadmium telluride, indium antimonide and the most well-known non-elemental type, gallium arsenide. FTP name these materials, including elemental germanium, that have properties of both insulators and conductors.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a5722661fb904a9d8a7051b0fa9fe062",
            "input": "Awarded a Gold Medal by Charles X, it was accepted by the Royal Academy in the same year the artist's Willows by a Stream was rejected. A brown and white dog looks back in the foreground, while four men in white are harvesting in the distant background. The most famous in a series including White Horse (*) and Corn Field--its artist's six footers--it depicts a structure owned by Willy Lott in Flatford Mill. For 10 points, name this 1821 painting by John Constable about the titular horse-drawn cart.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b63f893adcbc44f7880f68fd378dbccc",
            "input": "The faASSade of a building in this country is a large glass box that displays famous television images. That Institute for Sound and Vision was recently constructed in this country, whose Gothic buildings include the \"whopper monument,\" St. John's Cathedral. An architect from this country collaborated with Bruce Mau on a massive book of fables, essays, photographs, diary excerpts, and designs titled S,M,L,XL. That architect from this country designed the glass and steel exterior of a public library in Seattle. The Royal Concertgebouw is located in the Museum Square of a city in this country. Kisho Kurokawa designed a new wing for a museum in this country that contains The Potato Eaters. For 10 points, name this home country of Rem Koolhaas that contains the Rijksmuseum [\"rikes\"-museum] and the Van Gogh Museum.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a2db2dd61704057bb2440127998b474",
            "input": "In one plot development, Mauricio Babilonia is paralyzed after being shot due to his tryst with Meme, whose outgoing nature leads her to invite 72 of her friends home from boarding school. The fortune-teller Pilar Ternera and the gypsy Melquiades provide guidance to the members of the central family, which is held together for many year by Ursula Iguaran in spite of the turmoil caused by the rebellion of Colonel Aureliano Buendia. Set in the town of Macondo, FTP, what is this masterpiece of magical realism by Gabriel Garcia Marquez",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c3ac6e2c4cf4c59b7831ab1ee0ef116",
            "input": "He wrote his own libretti for his first operas, Irmelin and The Magic Fountain, and his other early works include the tone poems Over the Hills and Far Away and Hiawatha. One of his works contains a melody taken from the folk song \"In Osa Valley\" and another theme in which the title creature is evoked by an oboe and divided strings. Another work features an orchestral \"Walk to the Paradise Garden\" and is based on a Gottfried Keller work. His friend Thomas Beecham premiered this composer's Nietzschean A Mass of Life. In addition to writing On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring, he also wrote a set of variations on the folk song \"Brigg Fair\" and the Florida Suite. For 10 points, identify this English composer who also wrote the opera A Village Romeo and Juliet.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3547154b7e2a4be2814d4c3fe8d4e7d6",
            "input": "One disease where certain vessels in this organ are blocked due to inflammation is PSC. A value that can be used to help determine the cause of a disease of this organ compares the ratio between AST and ALT, and is sometimes named for De Ritis. Upon damage to this non pancreas organ, its namesake stellate cells activate and secrete scar tissue. This organ processes a compound made from the catabolism of (*) heme to make it water soluble, and that compound, bilirubin, causes the yellowness seen as a sign of many diseases of this organ, jaundice. When this organ is sufficiently damaged, its functional tissue is replaced by fibers and scars in cirrhosis. For 10 points, name this organ which is often damaged in alcoholics due to its function in detoxification.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-021700e6586e48098cbe5a098946a651",
            "input": "Sometimes replaced by a violin in Glinka's Trio Pathetique, it was invented in the 1710's by Johann Christoph Denner and only became a staple of orchestras in the 1780's. Weber and Copland wrote concertos for it but the most famous is Mozart's in A major, which was his last major instrumental work. He and Brahms also wrote famous quintets for strings and this wind instrument, whose virtuosi include Gervase de Payer, David Shifrin and Sabine Meyer. FTP, Elaine's Bar on New York's Upper East Side is where you go to hear Woody Allen play what wind instrument tuned in B-flat and played with a single reed, whose famous jazz artists have included Woody Herman, Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-527555e50ea54b68a9133fa5d5d266db",
            "input": "One of this mans early works was a Clarinet Sonata that no clarinet players were willing to play. Like this mans String Quartet in Four Parts, Indian themes were prevalent in one of his ballets which used the gamut technique and was choreographed for Merce Cunningham. Besides Sonatas and Interludes and The Seasons, this man wrote the 64 by 64, I Ching-inspired, four part Music of Changes for solo piano, to which he added cymbals and two phonographs for the first of his five Imaginary Landscapes. This composer also wrote a three-movement piece whose only sounds come from the environment. For 10 points, name this composer of 433 (four, thirty-three).",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d8b9b09bd5404845a3678dc6b55bb94f",
            "input": "Upon his death, his son Eleazar succeeded him, and during a battle with Amalek, Hur and this man fulfilled the command that an object \"of God might be lifted up. \" A possession of this man was the only one to bear almonds when left alone in the tabernacle, and that object was later kept in the Holy of Holies, which could only be entered by this man on Yom Kippur. Descended from Amram and Jochebad, the marriage of his younger brother to a foreigner was opposed by this man and his sister Miriam, and he supervised the creation of the Golden Calf while that brother was away. For 10 points, identify this Biblical figure, the high priest of the First Temple, who often spoke on behalf of his brother, Moses.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-12d9320e9a2546d1bdfa937f686786c6",
            "input": "The paper that introduced this concept extended the work of Morse and Frazer in measuring osmotic pressure. The activity of a species is equal to this value divided by a reference value, and one way of defining it takes the exponent of the chemical potential divided by Boltzman's constant times temperature. It is related to the mole fraction of a given species in solution by the Lewis-Randall rule. The phase with the lowest value of this quantity is the most favored, and this quantity is used to correct for non-ideality by correcting for intramolecular forces. Also defined as pressure multiplied by its namesake coefficient, for 10 points, name this quantity that describes the escaping tendency of a gas, symbolized f.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d6d3ff24d64a471da5ced4675eaaf0c5",
            "input": "Shortly before his death this writer wrote \"Give me the moon at my feet / Put my feet upon the crescent, like a Lord! \" At the end of his life, he was admired by several women who called him Lorenzo and considered themselves his disciples. His The Plumed Serpent is set in Mexico, whereas Kangaroo is not surprisingly set in Australia. Among his famous short stories are \"Odor of Chrysanthemums\" and \"The Prussian Officer. \"  FTP, name this novelist who wrote of the Brangwen sisters in Women in Love, Paul Morel in Sons and Lovers, and the gamekeeper Mellors in Lady Chatterley's Lover.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6c980a4d746d42b6b69acc8b2292c755",
            "input": "This country's neighbor had a political party called the Hats, which instigated a war in which Peter Lacy invaded this country. That conflict that ended with the Treaty of Abo, which resulted in this nation's occupation. The traitorous Gustav Otto Douglas was the governor of this country during one occupation period that also saw Mikhail Golitsyn act as its governor. In addition to being occupied in the Lesser and Greater Wraths, this country was invaded by Great Britain during (*) World War II during raids on its cities of Kirkenes and Petsamo. The Mainila incident precipitated a war in which this country was invaded, and that war saw this country capitulate to the Treaty of Moscow and give up parts of Karelia. 10 points, name this country that constructed the Mannerheim Line to defend itself from Russia in the Continuation and Winter Wars.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-53c059c5077d4c798007724e53177489",
            "input": "This man stole an eye from three sisters that shared that eye and one tooth in order to find the location of the Hesperides (hes-pear-ih-dees). While returning from his most famous quest, this man saved an Ethiopian woman from a monster named Ceto, and this hero accidentally killed Acrisius in a discus-throwing competition. The gift of a helmet of [*] invisibility belonging to Hades allowed this hero to escape from Euryale (yoo-ray-lee) and Stheno, and his reflective shield, given by Athena, caused his enemy to turn into stone from her own glance. For 10 points, name this Greek hero, the husband of Andromeda and slayer of Medusa.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b12e728270da4f4e8518916dd9890d36",
            "input": "These substances are broken apart when ferric chloride turns into ferric hydroxide in the presence of water. One type of these substances can be produced by Bredig's Arc Method, and, when they contain water, peptization can be performed. Adding surfactants stabilizes one type of these substances, which generally scatter light in the (*) Tyndall Effect. Particles from these substances aggregate in flocculation, and specific types of them include gels and emulsions. For ten points, identify these substances like blood and milk, in which small particles are dispersed, but not dissolved, in a continuous phase.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7ea331b009344356ad138cb956dce5dd",
            "input": "This painting's artist attempted to emulate the works of Emile Bernard and Paul Gauguin in it. A bright light appears in its top right, and its glow extends into the surrounding sky in a ripple like effect. Its background features rolling blue hills and a town with a(*) large steeple. A cypress tree painted in dark olive colors dominates its left, and its unwavering leaves contrast with the curves and flow of the sky behind it. For 10 points, identify this scene of the view from a window at the Arles Sanitarium, painted by Vincent van Gogh.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-82f14ad7780e49a482095e4deb8934eb",
            "input": "This composer wrote the aria \"Quand nos bourgeons se rouvriront\" about the Belgian defense on the Ypres in his A Voice in the Desert, while a famous \"nobilmente\" features in his first symphony in A-flat dedicated to Hans Richter. Jacqueline du Pre popularized his cello concerto in E minor, and a Cardinal Newman poem is the basis for his oratorio The Dreams of Gerontius. An argument about Sonata Pathetique with Augustus Jaeger was depicted in the \"Nimrod\" section of a work thought to be inspired by \"Auld Lang Syne. \" For 10 points, name this English composer of the Enigma Variations and Pomp and Circumstance.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c6b4af0b6f194c85b4877472b340da41",
            "input": "In one work, this philosopher tells a story about one man leaving his lover in order to preserve the idealized recollections of the past. In another work, this man argues that to become a true self, humans must be conscious of the self and also of the alignment with a higher power. This author of Repetition and [*] The Sickness Unto Death wrote a work in which he claimed the final level of individual existence was the \"knight of faith.\" This writer of Fear and Trembling also wrote about the first two levels of existence using the pseudonyms of A and Judge Vilhelm. For 10 points, name this Danish philosopher who wrote Either/Or.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-02448e47eb9041c49b0c6b15b4ec91cb",
            "input": "Malus's Law gives the intensity of a light ray after it is subjected to this process. This process is often performed in commercial products through the use of dichroic materials, and commonly comes in circular and linear types. It also occurs by reflection when the incident light ray comes in at Brewster's angle. For 10 points, name this process by which a light ray's waves are made to oscillate in only one direction, which is commonly done using Polaroid filters.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-7fe96cfce79148919ed5aff1af3457b8",
            "input": "One settlement in this modern-day nation was founded by Captain Francis Light. The Briggs Plan instituted here forcibly created new ethnically-mixed villages as a response to an emergency period. The National Development Policy was announced to replace the New Economic Policy in this country, which was first proclaimed in 1971 and aimed at a more fair distribution of wealth and improved standing for bumiputeras. James Birch was killed here in 1875 as a result of the Perak War, named for an area in this country replete with valuable tin mines. The Merdeka Mission, aimed at independence, was led by its first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, who presided over the uniting of its federated and unfederated portions in 1963 to form the nation. FTP, name this country which includes Sabah and Sarawak, with its seat of government at Kuala Lumpur.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-3c1e74db2e6e4cbeb24f436d731bf847",
            "input": "James Busby supervised the design of this people's flag, which was defiantly chopped down four times by another leader of this people. According to legend, this people reached their current land in the Great Fleet. Te Wherowhero was the first king of this people, and they received new weapons from the arriving pakeha. Thousands of these people were killed when Hongi Hika's actions sparked the (*) Musket Wars. This people's rights were protected by a document drawn up by William Hobson and signed by Hone Heke. They're well known for the dance sometimes done before battle called the haka. Agreeing to the Treaty of Waitangi, for 10 points, name this indigenous people of New Zealand.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d4ed722f27ae46d2afb3db5f34cba08d",
            "input": "This entity made a military pact known as the Tohopesate, and it was harassed by forces of Klaus Stortebeker, the leader of the Likedeelers, which were successors of pirates known as the Victual Brothers. After the humiliating Peace of Vordingborg, this entity defeated Valdemar IV of Denmark and forced him to sign the Treaty of Stralsund. The Peterhof in Novgorod and Steelyard in London are notable examples of Kontores established by this polity, although its power faded as the Swedish Empire lessened the importance of cities such as Visby and Lubeck. For 10 points, name this Northern European trading league which controlled the Baltic Sea.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b2e9d806c45346e2b9e88378c1323ce4",
            "input": "This character appears in the wilderness in a poem by Anthony Hecht, who imagines him returning to France from Africa after seeing the partially eaten corpse of a monkey. In the final scene of the play in which he appears, he asks Eliante to forgive him for his failure to propose to her, and tells his friend Philinthe (fee-LANT) that he is going into seclusion. FTP, identify this outspoken, rigidly honest young man, whose marriage proposal is rejected by Climne (say-lee-MEN) in a 1666 play by Moliere.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-33c06d70987748b8ad4bcca988eeed43",
            "input": "One of this man's mistakes was letting a train go through after the death of Hayward Shepherd. His earlier activities included moving to North Elba, New York and starting the League of Gileadites. Using the alias Shubel Morgan, he led a group that killed David Cruise in Missouri, and helped a group that eventually went through Detroit to Canada. In reaction to the sacking of Lawrence, he had earlier led a group that killed five people near Pottawatomie Creek. On October 16, 1859, he led a group that captured a federal armory, but two days later his group was defeated by Marines under the command of Robert E. Lee. Name this abolitionist who led a raid on Harpers Ferry.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4e1898f4ca0749aeabd1bc6828552988",
            "input": "In November 1941, Dr. Seuss depicted this organization as a tiger in a bowler hat leaning on a sack of trash, and this group suffered a major setback upon the election of Seth Lowe. Taking its name from a leader of the local Lenape tribe, its leader was called a Grand Sachem. Using its influence among the Irish and other immigrants to reach into national politics, its greatest accomplishments include the election of Al Smith as New York governor. Variously opposed by the Loco-Focos and Thomas Nast, it was finally brought down by Fiorello LaGuardia. For ten points, name this New York City Democratic political machine, most famously led by William Marcy Boss Tweed.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4edb80e97c53453d97993e848ef60cb2",
            "input": "During this war, a veteran of a Morocco campaign, the Count of Eu, was recalled from his honeymoon to fight for his father-in-law's side. The leader of the losing country ordered his 70-year-old mother publicly flogged and had an Irish mistress named Eliza Lynch. A boundary dispute after this war was resolved by Rutherford B. Hayes. The victorious side in this war initially named Bartolome Mitre as supreme commander, and a turning point saw the losing country's fleet destroyed at the naval battle of Riachuelo. This war ended with the death of the losing country's flamboyant leader Francisco Solano Lopez. For 10 points, name this 1864 to 1870 conflict, the bloodiest war in South American history, which saw Paraguay get defeated by Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e59836e0acf349439eb554a935a74419",
            "input": "The four horses that drew his chariot were known as the Killer, the Pitiless, Trampler, and Haste. He was born in the temple in which Mummu was held captive by a nose rope, and he would later build Esharra, or the Great Palace, where he sat alongside his consort Sarpanitu. The special weapons granted to him included Abuba, the tornado, and Imhullu, the great wind, though the most useful would be the net gifted to him by Anu. With that net he would kill Kingu, and create the first humans. However, what Babylonian god's most famous exploit is, FTP, the creation of the earth and sky from the carcass of his slain victim Tiamat",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ffd5efb72976406b91c9144cd5244477",
            "input": "Eleven revenge plots are resolved during the course of this play; in Act Five, three different marriages take place off-stage, although two of them are clearly invalid. Welsh parson Hugh Evans makes mincemeat of the English language, although not so badly as Doctor Caius, a French physician, whose wooing of Anne is foiled by both Mistress Quickly and the Host of the Garter Inn. However, the main plot is the failed seduction of, FTP, what title characters, notably Mistress Page, by the \"old fat fellow,\" Sir John Falstaff",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6a02c88d81544e7181003432db731af4",
            "input": "This man's namesake star is a supernova in Ophiuchus described in his book \"De stella nova\", while in \"Dioptrice\" he postulated a ray theory of light to explain vision. While professor of mathematics at Graz, he wrote \"Mysterium cosmographicum\", which brought him to the attention of his future mentor, whose astronomical calculations he completed as the \"Rudolphine Tables\". These calculations led to his most famous contributions to astronomy, found in \"Astronomia nova\" and \"Harmonices mundi\". FTP, who was this assistant to Tycho Brahe best known for his three laws of planetary motion.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0ccca8c7ecde4f67847ddeeb9e98b53b",
            "input": "In his first State of the Union Address, this President announced the opening of formal diplomatic relations with Austria, Siam, and Muscat. His administration levied trade sanctions on Portugal in retaliation for discriminatory tonnage duties. The author of an Inquiry into the Origin and Course of Political Parties, he refused to provide aid to Governor Joseph Ritner during what was dubbed the Buckshot War. His cabinet included Secretary of War Joel Poinsett and Attorney General Felix Grundy, and he was opposed by a candidate who ran under the slogan Log Cabin and Hard Cider. His vision of a Subtreasury system as a means of reform became reality long after hed fist conceived it as a leader of the Bucktail faction. FTP, name this man who later ran on the Free Soil ticket, the Red Fox of Kinderhook or Little Magician, who succeeded Andrew Jackson as President.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-ccf2ac64c42549cc94e768b52929a4df",
            "input": "ruler of this nation repudiated the Constitution of 1840 and his death brought to power a figure known as \"Whiskey Bill. \" One treaty was negotiated with this nation by Thomas ap Catesby Jones, and it saw gunpoint diplomacy by Cyrille Laplace to stop persecution of Catholics. A man posing as the High Priest of Melchizedek set himself up as leader of a (*) \"Mormon kingdom\" in this nation before being excommunicated; that man was Walter Murray Gibson. Some rebellions here were led by Robert Wilcox, and the Blount and Morgan Reports investigated American intervention in this nation in support of an 1887 document drafted by Lorrin Thurston. That document, known as the \"bayonet\" constitution, was forced on King David Kalakaua by people such as Sanford Dole. For 10 points, name this former Pacific island kingdom, whose last ruler was Queen Liliuokalani.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-69fcf80a81c24537bbb6f069cd515126",
            "input": "He extended Rousseau's idea that a child ought to have tutors, believing that a child's parents and teachers should be trained to allow her to make independent decisions but buffered from real harm. He explained pathological fantasies of grandeur in men as masculine protest; and Hans Vaihinger's The Philosophy of \"As If\" influenced his coining of the termfictional finalism. He argued that the primary form of his most famous concept manifests itself in children who feel dependent, while the secondary form affects adults who cant achieve security, in his work The Neurotic Character. FTP, name this founder of individual psychology, who developed the inferiority complex.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-84669cd5d9cf41988ed516b6b9ddb654",
            "input": "The vocal part in the sixth movement is given with the instruction \"without regard for the tempo,\" and that movement is labeled \"Farewell. \" Its first section contains the repeated line \"Dark is life, is death,\" and features a tenor singing in his upper ranges. Movements of this piece include \"Of Youth,\" \"Of Beauty,\" and \"The Lonely Soul in Autumn,\" while its first takes its name from the drunken poems of a certain poet. FTP, name this work that contains the movement \"The Drinking Song of Earth's Miser,\" a song cycle by Gustav Mahler partly based on the poetry of Li Po.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-74e59cec16ea401188adecd8e5c6db25",
            "input": "Late in his life, this man attempted to mediate the Burundian civil war. In 1967, he issued a manifesto prohibiting government ministers from renting out houses and proclaiming \"let us pray and heed to the peasant. \" He negotiated with Richard Turnbull for independence before issuing the (*) Arusha Declaration and merging his country with a nearby island. For 10 points name this man who promoted ujamaa in Tanzania.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eeabd2e1e6f1450ead65af3d637f8e1b",
            "input": "The eighth section, subtitled \"The Sorceress,\" focuses on a singing contest, as does the third section. This work, dedicated to Asinius Pollio, inspired two insipid parodies by a certain Numitorius. Characters in it include the dying Damon and an angry Silenus. Some scholars hold that the story of Tityrus in the first section indicates that Octavian restored the estate of the author's father, and the second section provided titles for Gide's Corydon and Marguerite Yourcenar's Alexis. Modeled on the Idylls of Theocritus, FTP name this work by Virgil whose fourth section includes a Messianic prophecy of the birth of a child.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-9b0d78437fbb4493a6b2fca39da2e6e6",
            "input": "This term may sometimes refer to a sacred dance in which Shiva raises his right leg to symbolize conquering gravity. This is described in detail in the Chandogya Upanishad and the Mundaka Upanishad. One may go to Isatpragbhara by having this characteristic, and the Ratnatraya may help an individual (*) attain this characteristic. It may consist of ananda according to some thought, but dukha may serve as an impediment to this trait. If one attains kevala, one also gets this, and in Jainism, this can occur when any believer's atman loses its karma. For ten points, identify this release from the cycle of samsara, or death and rebirth, which is the analogue of nirvana in Hinduism and Jainism.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-586fd741250249b48702491df277332c",
            "input": "This event resulted in the Great Lakes refugee crisis. Romeo Dellaire and Jacques Roger Booh-Booh were criticized for inaction during this event, which saw the establishment of the \"Zone Turquoise.\" Carried out by the Interahamwe, this event prompted the deployment of UNAMIR. This event was sparked when President Juvenal (*) Habyarimana's plane was shot down, and it ended when Paul Kagame of the RTF took power. This event was executed by the Hutus against the minority Tutsis. For 10 points, name this 1994 mass killing that took place in an African country.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-2adf763df4c2420ebb3ee49fa4e9dbba",
            "input": "The Nozicki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction uses organometallic compounds featuring chromium or this element. It can be extracted from its oxide ore through heating in the presence of a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide to yield a tetracarbonyl intermediate, which decomposes to yield four carbon monoxides in a process named for Mond. The diffraction pattern resulting from x rays fired at a crystal of this element provided evidence for the wave-particle duality in the Davisson-Germer experiment. A catalyst used to hydrogenate alkenes contains this element and aluminum, and is named for Raney. For 10 points, name this element with atomic symbol Ni.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-6222fc9e9b04418586df98267e2e3cc5",
            "input": "This law can be written in the Voigt notation as a six by six compliance matrix. One form of this law is the expression for the free energy of a deformed isotropic body, and includes the Lam coefficients. A generalization of it includes Young's modulus, and simple harmonic motion occurs when it is obeyed. This law includes a negative sign because the force exerted is always directed opposite to the displacement of the object. FTP name this law that governs springs and is stated as F equals negative k times x.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-a0b6c992c107432080f1424f9e6cf50a",
            "input": "One of this man's short stories sees the lawyer Dennis Flange drink wine with Rocco instead of going to work, while another sees Grover Snodd and others plan elaborate pranks like disrupting a PTA meeting with smoke bombs. Those stories, \"Low-lands\" and \"The Secret Integration\", are found in a collection alongside a work which sees Meatball Mulligan throw a party, entitled \"Entropy\". Another work contains sections titled \"Beyond the Zero\" and \"Un Perm' au Casion Hermann Goering\" and details the adventures of a character who, due to experiments performed on him by Laszlo Jamf, has sexual encounters that foreshadow rocket strikes. For 10 points, name this author of Gravity's Rainbow",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-f4dfb7e9fc104b019d55e59455562248",
            "input": "This country's sixteen regions were established in 2002 to follow natural watershed boundaries. In addition, it administers several territories, including the Chatham Islands and Tokelau. Southeast of the Tasman Sea, it was home to the extinct moa, who were hunted to extinction by its indigenous Maori peoples. The Cook Strait separates the two main landmasses of this nation also home to the kiwi bird. For 20 points, name this Pacific nation with capital Wellington and largest city Auckland, which has a North and South Island.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-daa9525ae36048a7bfe09857b2c41b8b",
            "input": "This artist's early style was influenced by Russian expressionism and cubism, as seen in Candles in the Dark. Known for depictions of his private life, as seen in the print series My Life, and for the surrealism inherent in works like Self-Portrait With Seven Fingers, this artist also served as art director of the Moscow Jewish State Academy in his hometown of Uitsyebsk, and designed the twelve stained-glass windows in the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center. FTP, name this artist of The Woman and the Roses, White Crucifixion, and I and the Village.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-cac6d909130744a6b5ccb8dec4b6cc40",
            "input": "In Second Peter 2:7, he is mentioned as a righteous man. According to Genesis 19, he was the ancestor of Moab and Ammon. The son of Haran, he accompanied his uncle to Canaan, but would later have problems with the women in his family, as his daughters slept with him after his wife was petrified. FTP, identify this Biblical figure, the nephew of Abraham whose wife was turned into a pillar of salt.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-0f06341ba6614e6a9fda3235799f04fd",
            "input": "One ruler of this nation helped Ordelafo Faliero and Baldwin I at the Siege of Sidon and was known as the Crusader. This country's communist-friendly DNA Party was able to pass much legislation after allying with its Agrarian Party in 1935. Duke Skule lost a battle in its modern capital in 1240, a capital also attacked by Erik of Sodermanland in 1350. During World War II, its resistance movement helped sabotage its heavy water facilities, while in the 19th century, the Storting Parliament held great influence in this country. A governor and later king of this country helped draft the Constitution of May 17, 1814 in the city of Eidsvoll after control of this country switched hands following the Treaty of Kiel. Oldenburg dynasty saw the rule of several monarchs named Frederick and Christian and it was ruled during World War II by Vidkun Quisling. For 10 points, name this country whose capital at Kristiania was renamed Oslo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-dc0e0320a59e4348b3ba197c0d5ccac0",
            "input": "The principle criteria for strong shockwaves include the detachment criterion and a criterion named for this man that is sometimes known as the mechanical equilibrium criterion. The namesake of a uniqueness theorem with Stone, he is also the namesake of a type of entropy associated with quantum mechanics. A finite axiomatizable set theory is named for this man, along with Bernays and Gdel, and in cellular automata, each individual interacts with its four nearest neighbors in this man's namesake neighborhood. The theoretical proof of the existence of a universal converter was given by this man, and a type of computer organization in which data and instructions are stored together in a common memory is this man's namesake architecture. For 10 points, name this inventor of merge sort, formulator of the minimax theorem, and co-author of Theory of Games and Economic Behavior with Oskar Morgenstern.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-d3bf6bc192974b9aa517206295dfd5fb",
            "input": "This event, which was funded by the United States Office of Naval Research, had 24 participants who were divided into two groups. The chief organizer of this event provided wooden batons, mirrored sunglasses, and uniforms to its participants. The man who ran this event reflected upon it in writing The Lucifer Effect, which uses lessons from this event to discuss the atrocities at Abu Ghraib. For 10 points, name this infamous experiment that attempted to investigate causes of abuse in penitentiaries, the brainchild of Philip Zimbardo.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-552084ea35bf4ab79afe3e80f0cbd4c7",
            "input": "While king of Epirus, he arbitrated the dispute between Odysseus and the families of the suitors of Penelope, and regained control of Phthia from Acastus after his grandfather was exiled. In Epirus he abducted Lanassa, a granddaughter of Hercules and fathered eight children with her. His children Molossus, Pielus, and Pergamus were fathered with his prize Andromache after the fall of Troy, but his later desire for the hand of Hermione led to war with Orestes, who eventually killed him in the temple of Delphi. During the Trojan War, he journeyed with Odysseus to Lemnos to retrieve Philoctetes, and killed Priam in the temple of Zeus. After arriving at Troy, he was presented with the armor of his father, which Ajax had killed himself over after losing a contest to Odysseus. For 10 points, name this man conceived while his father posed as a girl at the court of King Lycomedes, the son of Achilles.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e7bee764c37345d7a633c20f6d5da327",
            "input": "This author reminisced about his home life in the essay collections Nuptials and The Wrong Side and the Right Side. Early in his career, he organized the avant-garde Thtre de l'equipe and wrote plays like The Misunderstanding, while later plays include State of Siege and The Just Assassins. He contrasted moral rebellion with political rebellion in his essay The Rebel. FTP, who was this French-Algerian author of the novels The Plague and The Stranger",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-26fb79040311431c827771b9b761987d",
            "input": "Shakespeare's Henry IV is the basis for this man's one-act opera At the Boar's Head, while his interest in Hinduism is shown in the opera Savitri. The 6/8 main theme is played in counterpoint with Greensleeves in the final movement of this composer's St. Paul's Suite,(*) \"The Dargason.\" \"The Mystic\" is the only movement featuring a choir in a composition by this man that introduced the hymn-tune \"I vow to thee, my country\" in \"The Bringer of Jollity.\" That piece opens with a 5/4 ostinato in its movement \"Mars: The Bringer of War.\" For 10 points, name this British composer of The Planets.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-359194519ea742bc96182c354ba9ca3a",
            "input": "Its unique text was due in large part to the contribution of a 14-year old autistic boy, Christopher Knowles. It is performed in four acts and five interludes, called \"knee plays\" because of their connective function. Much of the time a violinist wanders between proscenium and pit, and all of the performers are dressed in short-sleeved white shirts and suspenders in this five-hour minimalist work. FTP, name this 1976 opera by Phillip Glass.",
            "output": [
                "Fine Arts"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e93306ada9294660a7463521906e1388",
            "input": "One of these is frequently depicted riding a white elephant with twelve tusks and established a set of ten vows. Another one holds a thunder scepter and a lasso used the hunt demons as well as a necklace made of serpents and protects his tradition's most important figure. Those two, Samantabhadra and Vajrapani, are frequently depicted alongside one of the best known of these who was given eleven heads, so that he could better hear the cries of the suffering, and a thousand arms with which to help them, and is also the narrator of the (*) Heart Sutra. In Theravada this is the term used for the stage a person reaches before becoming an Arhat, and they are seen as unnecessary since full Buddhas can also assist mankind. FTP, identify these enlightened figures central to Mahayana belief, who put off achieving Nirvana in order to save others.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-b657a0a568b04ccbbc61c63b752a3ce7",
            "input": "This polity suppressed a Gokturk revolt near Issyk Kul, when general Su Dingfang beat Shabolue Khan there. Verse forms known as \"lushi\" and \"jueju\" were introduced during this dynasty, which saw the creation of the Nestorian Stele to celebrate the Assyrian Church of the East. One of the greatest painters of this dynasty was Wu Daoxuan, while notable poets included Wang Wei and Cui Hao. In the battle of Baekgang, they, together with their Silla allies, defeated the Baekje and their Yamato allies. They lost the battle of Talas against an Abassid Arab army, and it was seriously weakened by the Huang Cho Rebellion, while the power of its third ruler was usurped by the former concubine Wu Zhou. Emperor Xuanzong faced the rebellion of An Lushan and Li Po wrote poetry during, FTP, what Chinese dynasty from 618 to 907 C. E. that followed the Sui Dynasty",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-eb077792e2c34f3eb084f761e2cb05a7",
            "input": "This man first made a name for himself by capturing the Aristobulus II and taking the city of Pelusium, both while serving under Aulus Gabinius. His stepfather was executed for his part in the Cataline conspiracy on orders from Cicero, who would go on to make a series of speeches against this man modeled after Demosthenes's Philippics before this man had him proscribed. At Pharsalus he commanded the victorious left flank and led a cavalry charge to secure victory for Caesar, and during Caesar's campaigns in Africa he controlled Rome as Master of Horse. For 10 points, name this man whose defeat at Actium by Octavian led to his suicide along with Cleopatra.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-4f881c6d6dad40029a93335050e1cbd7",
            "input": "This structure is absent when the FOXN1 (read \"fox-N-one\") gene is deleted. Its epithelial cells express the AIRE gene and contain Hassall corpuscles. One syndrome in which it is missing is often associated with hypocalcemia due to low parathyroid activity and is known as DiGeorge syndrome. Patients with myasthenia gravis often have hyperplasia of this organ. Positive selection for cells that ultimately express either CD4 or CD8 occurs in this organ's cortex. Cancer development is often studied in mice lacking this organ because they fail to produce cells that recognize MHC-bound antigens. For 10 points, name this organ that shrinks as a person ages and that is the maturation site for T cells.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-25b7fad35cc447e9aa033b9ea2ae4a9d",
            "input": "This character was once stopped by the watchman who possessed seven magic mantles, and at Mount Mashu, he was warned by the scorpion men about the dangers of entering the underground passage. His last quest centered on the search for the plant that grows in the water of death, and during that quest, he met Utnapishtim. At the cedar wood, he defeated the fire-breathing Humbaba, and he fought the Bull of Heaven with his friend Enkidu after rejecting Ishtar. For 10 points, name this title character of a Mesopotamian epic.",
            "output": [
                "Social Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-00061909c7874c5cb33211b05c0ae912",
            "input": "In one of this author's plays, the story of a bullet being thrown at a skirt helps attempt to determine the gender of the title character. That play by this author was originally an interlude to another play that also features the character Galy Gay, who transforms to the soldier Jeraiah Jip. This author of The Elephant Calf and A Man's A Man wrote another work in which a character describes his ability to draw a mark on a dissident while pretending to clap him on the back. Another scene from that play by this author sees a judge rule based on which verdict will save his job, and it also describes two physicists who feign hatred of Albert Einstein. Other plays by this author include one in which Fatty the Bookkeeper and Trinity Moses brace for a hurricane, and another in which Shen Teh pretends to be her own male cousin. For 10 points, name this playwright, author of The Good Woman of Szechuan and Mother Courage and Her Children.",
            "output": [
                "Literature"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-e77dd2b41b5c403498cb9f0361c60427",
            "input": "This war had its roots in the Pequot War and the slaughter at Mystic fort, which resulted in the deaths of several hundred Indians and the breaking of the Pequots as a power in colonial New England. It led to an uneasy forty years of peace between the English colonists and the other New England tribes who had combined forces to destroy the Pequots. Name this conflict that killed 3000 out of 52000 New England colonists along with several thousand Indians and was named for the classical honorary bestowed on Wampanoag chief Metacomet by the English.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-107065ae736b465cb8a09330d0e5c8b2",
            "input": "In a network, the steepness of the loss curve as a function of the log of this quantity is called \"roll-off\". The logarithm of this quantity is the independent variable in a Bode plot, which will display kinks at \"cutoff\" values of this quantity. For an LC circuit, \"L times C, all to the minus one-half\" is the circuit's \"natural\" value of this quantity. A critical value of this quantity that is equal to half a system's sampling rate gives the value above which aliasing occurs, and is named for Nyquist. For an ideal mass on a spring, the square root of the ratio of the spring constant and the mass is another \"natural\" value of this quantity, whose namesake domain is related by the Fourier transform to the time domain. For 10 points, name this quantity that equals the velocity of a wave divided by its wavelength, and whose SI unit is the hertz.",
            "output": [
                "Science"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task521-c5e63022965e4f8aab09e661a08dfad8",
            "input": "Following the Supreme Court case regarding this event, the defendants sang the Marseillaise before being executed. Samuel Fielden was speaking when this incident started. One man indicted for this event shouted \"\"The time will come when our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle today!\" and prosecutors indicted eight people for inciting this event. Police officer Mathias Degan was killed during this event, which inspired the creation of May Day. August Spies was among the anarchists hanged after this event. For 10 points, name this 1886 event in which a pipe bomb was thrown into a Chicago labor rally at the namesake location.",
            "output": [
                "History"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "Instance License": [
        "Unknown"
    ]
}