{ "Contributors": [ "Kuntal Kumar Pal" ], "Source": [ "sciq" ], "URL": [ "https://ai2-public-datasets.s3.amazonaws.com/sciq/SciQ.zip" ], "Categories": [ "Explanation" ], "Reasoning": [ "Commonsense Reasoning", "Scientific Reasoning" ], "Definition": [ "Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question." ], "Input_language": [ "English" ], "Output_language": [ "English" ], "Instruction_language": [ "English" ], "Domains": [ "Natural Science -> School Science Textbooks" ], "Positive Examples": [ { "input": "Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series", "output": "A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions.", "explanation": "This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact" }, { "input": "Question: What cause many human diseases by killing host cells or disturbing their homeostasis? Answer: viruses", "output": "Viruses cause many human diseases by killing host cells or disturbing their homeostasis. Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. Several viral diseases can be treated with antiviral drugs or prevented with vaccines.", "explanation": "This is a valid supporting fact since it mentions viruses as the cause for human disease and also the last sentences mentions that diseases are caused by viruses." } ], "Negative Examples": [ { "input": "Question: Decomposers break down dead organisms into nutrients and what? Answer: gases", "output": "Decomposers break down dead organisms into nutrients and poison so that they can be used by other organisms.", "explanation": "The generated supporting fact does not support the answer: gases." }, { "input": "Question: What science specialty, with a set of like-named scientific laws, refers to the study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter? Answer: thermodynamics.", "output": "Geology is the study of rocks and is boring.", "explanation": "The output neither doesn't support the answer." } ], "Instances": [ { "id": "task593-6157d0f7582d42119b292bd6d7a1cec8", "input": "Question: Opportunistic diseases are usually the direct cause of death of people with what disease? Answer: aids", "output": [ "boundary between air masses that is stalled in one place." ] }, { "id": "task593-128654883e5b464c849723a0b37cd1a0", "input": "Question: Single-celled eukaryotes that share some traits with animals are also called? Answer: eukaryotes", "output": [ "Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that share some traits with animals." ] }, { "id": "task593-1698eb564f834a17a2c8f1e8238da194", "input": "Question: What is the base of nearly all food chains on earth? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "Photosynthesis is the base of nearly all food chains on Earth. This is true of marine food chains, too." ] }, { "id": "task593-dbbffd37456343a6927480b656765397", "input": "Question: Oil is found in the porous rock layer and trapped by the what? Answer: impermeable layer", "output": [ "Oil (red) is found in the porous rock layer (yellow) and trapped by the impermeable layer (brown). The folded structure has allowed the oil to pool so a well can be drilled into the reservoir." ] }, { "id": "task593-fe0d72aa2a8c44c8959c058f01ab92c8", "input": "Question: Tropical, temperate, continental, and polar are all examples of what? Answer: climates", "output": [ "Climate types are based on temperature and precipitation. A major climate type and its living things make up a biome. Climate types include tropical, temperate, continental, and polar climates." ] }, { "id": "task593-e7cac53db5644cca89dbd743cfa6907b", "input": "Question: What is used to measure current through a resistor? Answer: ammeters", "output": [ "Ammeters measure the current through a resistor." ] }, { "id": "task593-710e1895ec5d401faac83072da68461c", "input": "Question: What type of behaviors do not have to be learned or practiced? Answer: innate behaviors", "output": [ "Innate behaviors do not have to be learned or practiced." ] }, { "id": "task593-1d66d8497fd1430c9574cf37851208a8", "input": "Question: Hazardous waste is material that is toxic, chemically active, corrosive, or what? Answer: flammable", "output": [ "Hazardous waste is material that is toxic, chemically active, corrosive, or flammable." ] }, { "id": "task593-8a4852b5d8a74c7997b163160f03b628", "input": "Question: How is flowing water and blowing wind similar? Answer: transports particles", "output": [ "Like flowing water, wind picks up and transports particles. Wind carries particles of different sizes in the same ways that water carries them ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-8d8955d5cd3a4c29a4dbadcb198f63f2", "input": "Question: What kind of rock is gypsum? Answer: sedimentary", "output": [ "Gypsum, with its rose-like structure, is a chemical sedimentary rock." ] }, { "id": "task593-557bb7fd1e0f4ac8bd1d907b61962e34", "input": "Question: When thinking of the rate at which two gases mix, it is inverse proportional to the density of what? Answer: gas", "output": [ "The rate at which two gases mix. Inversely proportional to the density of the gas." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d868d7265784aa49b4274943864d2d6", "input": "Question: What is a spectrometer able to produce from starlight? Answer: spectrum", "output": [ "A spectrometer produces a spectrum from starlight. Astronomers can learn a lot about a star by studying its spectrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-101a86eb09284ed7a1e86333c9cc5784", "input": "Question: What is a simple machine that consists of a rope wrapped around a grooved wheel? Answer: a pulley", "output": [ "A pulley is a simple machine that consists of a rope wrapped around a grooved wheel. Pulleys are generally used to lift a load." ] }, { "id": "task593-00dfd0f4ce4f41cba69ca9daae906d10", "input": "Question: Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium are classified as what type of metals? Answer: alkaline earth metals", "output": [ "The alkaline earth metals include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium. Strontium and barium react with air and must be stored in oil." ] }, { "id": "task593-e1a805846ea64735a3b8df5fe704251d", "input": "Question: In what way do bacteria reproduce? Answer: binary fission", "output": [ "Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, resulting in two daughter cells identical to the parent cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-2c5de34f2af94ea981fb19e17c40e62b", "input": "Question: What do craters and rifts become when they fill with water? Answer: lakes", "output": [ "Left: Indrik myneur; Right: Courtesy of UNEP/GRID. Craters and rifts become lakes when they fill with water . Left: CC BY 2.0; Right: Non-copyrighted and available for free use." ] }, { "id": "task593-842ab396b2f04c3ebd2f23901296e726", "input": "Question: Insect's antennae are useful for sensing what? Answer: chemicals", "output": [ "Insects have six legs and a pair of antennae for sensing chemicals. They also have several eyes and specialized mouthparts for feeding." ] }, { "id": "task593-7cb30ba011ed49529a0fb253bc4377b0", "input": "Question: Where can composite volcanoes most frequently be found? Answer: convergent boundaries", "output": [ "Composite volcanoes are common at convergent boundaries. Shield volcanoes are produced at divergent plate boundaries and intraplate." ] }, { "id": "task593-6e7e98e73501495699db8ab70adf020a", "input": "Question: What is the largest planet in the solar system? Answer: jupiter", "output": [ "Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It has bands of different colored clouds, and a long-lasting storm called the Great Red Spot." ] }, { "id": "task593-f978a8bad11742e39a8e9d65170e1bfc", "input": "Question: In an acidic medium, add which ions to balance? Answer: hydrogen", "output": [ "Now the hydrogen atoms need to be balanced. In an acidic medium, add hydrogen ions to balance . In this example, fourteen H + ions will be added to the reactant side." ] }, { "id": "task593-75415486792545eba67d64a2ee84ec24", "input": "Question: What is the term for species evolving together? Answer: coevolution", "output": [ "Coevolution occurs when species evolve together. This often happens in species that have symbiotic relationships. Examples include flowering plants and their pollinators." ] }, { "id": "task593-9b34d628c4b84d9486992526c1bd09ab", "input": "Question: Solids can be divided into amorphous solids and which other group? Answer: crystalline solids", "output": [ "Solids can be divided into amorphous solids and crystalline solids." ] }, { "id": "task593-09a87f70099641ea87b6bb914f7774be", "input": "Question: What makes breathing difficult due to respiratory system disease? Answer: narrow air passages", "output": [ "respiratory system disease in which air passages of the lungs periodically become too narrow, making breathing difficult." ] }, { "id": "task593-35a8c9c2f4ad48c2b20709fbe4beee50", "input": "Question: Where in relation to the home, are levels of vocs found to be higher? Answer: indoors", "output": [ "The processes of evolution are fundamental to much of biology. Why do people have such a hard time understanding them?." ] }, { "id": "task593-4f34f2b9881e47d48e4e67c3318ff0f6", "input": "Question: Living things that use energy to make food, both for themselves and other living things, are what part of an ecosystem? Answer: producers", "output": [ "Producers are living things that use energy to make food. Producers make food for themselves and other living things. There are two types of producers:." ] }, { "id": "task593-478f6f6f436c4798906d3c56944fc6b8", "input": "Question: What law shows the relationships among temperature, volume, and pressure? Answer: combined gas", "output": [ "The combined gas law shows the relationships among temperature, volume, and pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-ba0d96092eb5420895a5f0eaa8eb796e", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe a change in the characteristics of living things over time? Answer: evolution", "output": [ "Evolution is a change in the characteristics of living things over time. Evolution occurs by natural selection." ] }, { "id": "task593-b137712473be416e8fa3b3c5f6430fa2", "input": "Question: What is the diversity of living things called? Answer: biodiversity", "output": [ "The diversity of living things is called biodiversity." ] }, { "id": "task593-340b607d9f414cc99b97cc5c7ee3930a", "input": "Question: What forms when nitrogen and oxygen combine at high temperatures? Answer: nitrogen oxide", "output": [ "Nitrogen oxides form when nitrogen and oxygen combine at high temperatures. This occurs in hot exhausts from vehicles, factories, and power plants." ] }, { "id": "task593-c1afcc524cd34f41b9a7f0b7b95f42d3", "input": "Question: Vaccinations are designed to boost immunity to a virus to prevent this? Answer: infection", "output": [ "Figure 21.14 Vaccinations are designed to boost immunity to a virus to prevent infection. (credit: USACE Europe District)." ] }, { "id": "task593-d35c726c573e47b48c9b9cca908ad049", "input": "Question: The burning of charcoal is what type of reaction? Answer: combustion", "output": [ "Serge Melki (Flickr:Serge Melki). The burning of charcoal is a combustion reaction . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-36af865ff46d439692d3cddec6bbca7e", "input": "Question: What is a pair of valence electrons in a bonded atom that does not participate in bonding called? Answer: lone pair", "output": [ "A pair of valence electrons in a bonded atom that does not participate in bonding is called a lone pair. Lone pair electrons contribute to molecular shape." ] }, { "id": "task593-79784c45fdec4f9c98cf47dfe579c854", "input": "Question: Dialysis is a treatment for failure of what organs? Answer: kidneys", "output": [ "Kidney failure may be treated with dialysis." ] }, { "id": "task593-febc6b3dab11464c8dd247f87bdf4185", "input": "Question: What is the term for the movement of individuals out of a population? Answer: emigration", "output": [ "Emigration is the movement of individuals out of a population. This decreases the population size and growth rate." ] }, { "id": "task593-dac261504d034c64b4a441dea44cfda6", "input": "Question: What are indestructible and constantly in motion? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "Atoms are indestructible and constantly in motion." ] }, { "id": "task593-1bde5649efa748c590d1dbd42f7ceae7", "input": "Question: How many dimensions can humans see in? Answer: three", "output": [ "Humans can see in three dimensions and color." ] }, { "id": "task593-22bfd4ced81a44a095fdb8e07bd601a1", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body? Answer: excretion", "output": [ "Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. It is one of the major ways the body maintains homeostasis." ] }, { "id": "task593-d84836fd8587490b806c86396c6f2ebf", "input": "Question: What component of cells is present in plant and bacterial cells but not animal cells? Answer: cell wall", "output": [ "Animal Cell. The shape of an animal cell is not constrained by a rigid cell wall. A bacterial cell is shown above for comparison." ] }, { "id": "task593-faeaac62ac4549df8210cff6670e64cd", "input": "Question: Earth rotates on its axis once each day and revolves around the sun how often? Answer: once each year", "output": [ "Earth rotates on its axis once each day and revolves around the Sun once every year." ] }, { "id": "task593-e722b39b6a1c4297874eaccece8e03a1", "input": "Question: What is the general composition of the continental crust? Answer: granite", "output": [ "The average composition of continental crust is granite." ] }, { "id": "task593-573db19bca644c31a51691c52879f39e", "input": "Question: What is the temperature at which a substance freezes known as? Answer: freezing point", "output": [ "The freezing point of a substance is the temperature at which it freezes. The freezing point of pure water is 0°C." ] }, { "id": "task593-5273d9f474144087b0580d858eeb14ac", "input": "Question: Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to what? Answer: pyruvate", "output": [ "9.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate." ] }, { "id": "task593-6f05dd0cfd564549b3fa47611c52a9db", "input": "Question: How are voltmeters placed in the circuit? Answer: in parallel", "output": [ "Voltmeters have high resistances and are placed in the circuit in parallel." ] }, { "id": "task593-484df074f62c4dfea889cfc9d1f6e198", "input": "Question: What element once commonly used in paint and gasoline has now been found to have dangerous effects? Answer: lead", "output": [ "lead: An element that was once commonly used in gasoline and paint, is now found to have dangerous effects, such as brain damage. Lead contamination has many harmful effects on the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-c2a3baad21c047ceb073677fe255c13d", "input": "Question: Adult sea stars have what kind of symmetry? Answer: radial symmetry", "output": [ "Adult sea stars and other echinoderms have obvious radial symmetry. What evidence supports the claim that echinoderms evolved from an ancestor with bilateral symmetry?." ] }, { "id": "task593-e43ca59ef8754768b2b282b8d8b9b53b", "input": "Question: Rather than being dead, dry, and brittle, what support structures of the human body consist of living tissues and are supplied with blood and nerves? Answer: bones", "output": [ "Some people think bones are like chalk: dead, dry, and brittle. In reality, bones are very much alive. They consist of living tissues and are supplied with blood and nerves." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7cf7c7fa72048d2a393f3d326f9c631", "input": "Question: What is it called when minerals replace the organic material to create fossils? Answer: permineralization", "output": [ "Some fossils are created when minerals replace the organic material. This is called permineralization." ] }, { "id": "task593-37bac2daae8a462eb2a242607827e2d2", "input": "Question: Does the stream-lined body featured on most fish increase or decrease water resistance? Answer: decrease", "output": [ "Fish typically have a stream-lined body. This reduces water resistance." ] }, { "id": "task593-5c340a798c17453f953d80708feced06", "input": "Question: Oxygenated blood is transported by what system? Answer: circulatory", "output": [ "Oxygenated blood is transported by the circulatory system from lungs to tissues throughout the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-f7a9486ec4fd4abf81da1b5b0c6d4aac", "input": "Question: Motor vehicles account for almost half of the consumption of what? Answer: fossil fuel", "output": [ "Motor vehicles account for almost half of fossil fuel use. Most vehicles run on gasoline, which comes from petroleum." ] }, { "id": "task593-e73899da88a2497f84015672533bbfc7", "input": "Question: What are archaea that live in extremely hot environments called? Answer: thermophiles", "output": [ "Archaea that live in extremely hot environments are called thermophiles." ] }, { "id": "task593-745636bdfd2d425cb543ff26dbb7353c", "input": "Question: What is the term for stored energy that an object has due to its position or shape? Answer: potential energy", "output": [ "A: Electric charges flow when they have electric potential energy. Potential energy is stored energy that an object has due to its position or shape." ] }, { "id": "task593-24705e8249a040e18d13ef3338c24cf1", "input": "Question: The wave on a guitar string is transverse. the sound wave rattles a sheet of paper in a direction that shows the sound wave is what? Answer: longitudinal", "output": [ "Figure 16.33 The wave on a guitar string is transverse. The sound wave rattles a sheet of paper in a direction that shows the sound wave is longitudinal." ] }, { "id": "task593-21b19f9532304c669bcb89ebce3f880e", "input": "Question: What is the energy that flows as a result of a difference in temperature? Answer: heat", "output": [ "Heat is the energy that flows as a result of a difference in temperature. We use the symbol for heat. Heat, like all forms of energy, is measured in joules." ] }, { "id": "task593-ed4f0478f56f429c882240085f58c0b7", "input": "Question: Scientists use what scale to illustrate the order in which events on earth have happened? Answer: geologic time scale", "output": [ "Scientists use the geologic time scale to illustrate the order in which events on Earth have happened." ] }, { "id": "task593-b77f7e1cd889487692c978eeaff19a50", "input": "Question: Amides are carbonyls attached to one nitrogen atom and one carbon or which other atom? Answer: hydrogen", "output": [ "Amides are carbonyls attached to one nitrogen atom and one carbon or hydrogen atom. Amides are used in materials such as crayons and inks, as well as in paper rubber products." ] }, { "id": "task593-f879244a35da4d65b10761df76e346e4", "input": "Question: What is the vector sum of all the torques acting on the object called? Answer: net torque", "output": [ "The net torque is the vector sum of all the torques acting on the object. When adding torques it is necessary to subtract CW from CCW torques." ] }, { "id": "task593-8dc176920f47444890c3967f618f8c6c", "input": "Question: What is the name of the layer above the mesosphere? Answer: thermosphere", "output": [ "The thermosphere is the layer above the mesosphere. It rises to 600 kilometers (372 miles) above the surface. The International Space Station and other space stations orbit Earth in this layer." ] }, { "id": "task593-303c701310294a089e9a803936b65264", "input": "Question: What is the concentration of gas molecules in the mesosphere? Answer: very low density", "output": [ "The mesosphere has a very low density of gas molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-f550a54350e04273b45d184958f0ff3f", "input": "Question: What occurs when air masses meet? Answer: fronts", "output": [ "Much of the weather occurs at fronts, where air masses meet." ] }, { "id": "task593-cd31fc9a09dc429588fed334806e3883", "input": "Question: Nonvascular plants lack vascular tissue and what? Answer: seeds", "output": [ "Nonvascular plants lack seeds and vascular tissue." ] }, { "id": "task593-94353e71e6db4263b0e4a41da16edef0", "input": "Question: Rounded grains indicate that the minerals eroded from what? Answer: earlier rock", "output": [ "Cratonic rocks contain rounded sedimentary grains. Rounded grains indicate that the minerals eroded from an earlier rock. It also means that rivers or seas existed." ] }, { "id": "task593-fdfac63c1b4b4d2a87bb0feba0fe2d81", "input": "Question: What causes cumulus clouds to grow upward? Answer: convection currents", "output": [ "Cumulus clouds are white and puffy. Convection currents make them grow upward and they may grow very tall. When they produce rain, they are called cumulonimbus." ] }, { "id": "task593-a21fcdecb2724f6d822eac45be2409e8", "input": "Question: What do vertebrates possess that is made up of repeating bony units? Answer: vertebral column", "output": [ "repeating bony units that make up the vertebral column of vertebrates." ] }, { "id": "task593-40a2467a606b4e348326af354596bf10", "input": "Question: What distinctive dna shape forms when the two nucleotide chains wrap around the same axis? Answer: double helix", "output": [ "Simple Model of DNA. In this simple model of DNA, each line represents a nucleotide chain. The double helix shape forms when the two chains wrap around the same axis." ] }, { "id": "task593-a6ae04a0798d412fb3cd33ed4e665ac7", "input": "Question: The fujita scale measures the intensity of what weather event, based on wind speed and damage? Answer: tornado", "output": [ "The Fujita scale measures tornado intensity based on wind speed and damage." ] }, { "id": "task593-93778e6c5f5d4fdcb079aea0d9c9cd16", "input": "Question: Water molds mostly live in water or moist? Answer: soil", "output": [ "Define physical change, and give examples of physical change." ] }, { "id": "task593-a5db92326a0a419e817d2fb48257d15b", "input": "Question: What are genes that are close together on the same chromosome called? Answer: linked genes", "output": [ "Linked genes are genes that are close together on the same chromosome. Linked genes are inherited together." ] }, { "id": "task593-e0feb6c2f3f24c099a86c3a9eec508f4", "input": "Question: Birds generally practice what kind of relationship, with both parents helping to care for the young? Answer: monogamous", "output": [ "Birds generally are monogamous, and both parents help to care for the young." ] }, { "id": "task593-a975d7543e8e4bb5b6ce7b7bffad095e", "input": "Question: What orbits an atoms' nucleus? Answer: negatively charged electrons", "output": [ "An atom has negatively-charged electrons in orbit around its nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-d023682e1119429b9dc59c3a86babb85", "input": "Question: Where is chemical energy stored? Answer: atom bonds", "output": [ "2. Chemical energy is energy that is stored in the bonds between the atoms of compounds. If the bonds are broken, the energy is released and can be converted to other forms of energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-e6399b35645f4fb99a971d2dd51dc993", "input": "Question: Parenchymal, collenchymal, and sclerenchymal cells are associated with what types of living things? Answer: plants", "output": [ "Different types of plant cells include parenchymal, collenchymal, and sclerenchymal cells. The three types differ in structure and function." ] }, { "id": "task593-f72d99fccc7a464b949f6c0e9b028f36", "input": "Question: Bone tissues include compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow, and? Answer: periosteum", "output": [ "Bone tissues include compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow, and periosteum." ] }, { "id": "task593-8d1cdf57fa8a45d19fb3ded5014c7911", "input": "Question: What is made of gases that are essential for photosynthesis and other life activities? Answer: atmosphere", "output": [ "The atmosphere is made of gases that are essential for photosynthesis and other life activities." ] }, { "id": "task593-7ae4466f8b514df78d4c796a137548d2", "input": "Question: Graphite is a form of elemental carbon what is another form? Answer: diamond", "output": [ "Graphite and diamond are two forms of elemental carbon. Write the equilibrium equation between these two forms in two different ways." ] }, { "id": "task593-10e36cbd3b3043a09b8044cdc56868d5", "input": "Question: The shield type of what phenomenon commonly forms above hotspots in the oceans? Answer: volcano", "output": [ "Shield volcanoes commonly form above hotspots in the oceans." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7f5ac0839d142a992907ae7783a500c", "input": "Question: What two planets is the asteroid belt found between? Answer: mars and jupiter", "output": [ "Asteroids are irregularly-shaped, rocky bodies that orbit the Sun. Most of them are found in the asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter." ] }, { "id": "task593-e0798cf970c24d9d9632c863149df1ee", "input": "Question: The horizontal stems on strawberry plants are called what? Answer: stolons", "output": [ "User:DrU/Wikipedia. Strawberry plants have horizontal stems called stolons that can form new plants. . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-579fa48d2b0944b1a976e1f990ae8306", "input": "Question: What is the name of the period of transition between the beginning of puberty and adulthood? Answer: adolescence", "output": [ "Adolescence is the period of transition between the beginning of puberty and adulthood. Adolescence is also a time of significant mental, emotional, and social changes. For example:." ] }, { "id": "task593-326d88476ea6415a85b7145e26430f7c", "input": "Question: What type of compounds tend to have high melting points and boiling points? Answer: ionic", "output": [ "Ionic compounds tend to have high melting points and boiling points." ] }, { "id": "task593-537bccd664874d50be5da05257bc79ad", "input": "Question: The sun and all objects held by it's gravity make up the? Answer: solar system", "output": [ "The Sun and all the objects held by its gravity make up the solar system." ] }, { "id": "task593-5477fb046da44fa090f2f830e9eaaed2", "input": "Question: What is another name for flatworms such as tapeworms and flukes? Answer: platyhelminthes", "output": [ "Platyhelminthes are flatworms such as tapeworms and flukes." ] }, { "id": "task593-db7d262a5de84a5990facbd7a07613a4", "input": "Question: Birds are thought to have evolved around 150 million years ago from what? Answer: theropod dinosaurs", "output": [ "Birds are thought to have evolved from theropod dinosaurs around 150 million years ago." ] }, { "id": "task593-646c26f43bbb49e9b0baaa073c91735b", "input": "Question: Both energy and heat can be expressed in units of what? Answer: joules", "output": [ "Energy and heat are expressed in units of joules." ] }, { "id": "task593-c395a919dab94f7c95ca071a209f98ba", "input": "Question: Insects can have specialized mouthparts, such as a proboscis, to siphon the nectar from what? Answer: flowers", "output": [ "Insects can have specialized mouthparts, such as a proboscis, to siphon the nectar from a flower." ] }, { "id": "task593-19ab87b8e5174b0498cb146cb071fa5f", "input": "Question: What is it called when the chance that a certain event will occur? Answer: probability", "output": [ "Probability is the chance that a certain event will occur. For example, the probability of a head turning up on any given coin toss is 50 percent." ] }, { "id": "task593-4777e031a96246bf81095a744c61c651", "input": "Question: What expresses the mass of substance in terms of the volume occupied by the substance? Answer: density", "output": [ "Density is an expression of the mass of substance in terms of the volume occupied by the substance." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c2aecb62c284a638ff0e9f34c90ef20", "input": "Question: What fertilizes an egg during sexual reproduction? Answer: sperm", "output": [ "Image copyright James Steidl, 2014. During sexual reproduction, a sperm fertilizes an egg . Used under license from Shutterstock. com." ] }, { "id": "task593-e64e4feb3b3c496c92f0ea74e6021447", "input": "Question: What subject is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic? Answer: science", "output": [ "Science is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic." ] }, { "id": "task593-e7b6d219fd3640558ebe3dc36b19d466", "input": "Question: What is the force of attraction between two masses? Answer: gravity", "output": [ "Gravity is traditionally defined as a force of attraction between two masses. Weight measures the force of gravity and is expressed in newtons (N)." ] }, { "id": "task593-d1d4826975d14870862ad0d7d75ab641", "input": "Question: What is formed when nitrogen and sulfur oxides dissolve in rain? Answer: acid rain", "output": [ "Acid rain is rain that has a pH less than 5. It forms when nitrogen and sulfur oxides dissolve in rain. Acid rain kills living things and damages buildings and statues." ] }, { "id": "task593-47e86eac33f84e298b91cde4c744320a", "input": "Question: A boiler converts the chemical energy stored in fuel into what type of energy? Answer: thermal energy", "output": [ "Water is heated in a boiler that burns a fuel such as natural gas or heating oil. The boiler converts the chemical energy stored in the fuel to thermal energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-7baaad9b825a44eca1c92f722bd067a5", "input": "Question: What crust is thinner and denser than continental crust? Answer: oceanic", "output": [ "Oceanic crust is thinner and denser than continental crust." ] }, { "id": "task593-63d3e20c49e44f64963642198aed849a", "input": "Question: What process can occur when atoms are exposed to high levels of radiation or when atoms transfer electrons to or from other atoms? Answer: ionization", "output": [ "The process in which an atom becomes an ion is called ionization. It may occur when atoms are exposed to high levels of radiation or when atoms transfer electrons to or from other atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-86b71bec5c614d948ceff888ea4a3369", "input": "Question: The regulation of gene expression is extremely important during the development of what? Answer: organism", "output": [ "3. Name and describe the division of gymnosperms." ] }, { "id": "task593-d1f177c6e1764fea976dcc2b2dad9e1f", "input": "Question: What is the nervous tissue in the brain and in the rest of the nervous system made up of? Answer: neurons", "output": [ "Nervous tissue is made up of neurons , or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages. Nervous tissue makes up the brain and the nerves that connect the brain to all parts of the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-c13e473827be4d7abc94500f2dacafab", "input": "Question: Flowers, double fertilization, and fruits are unique features of what life cycle? Answer: angiosperm", "output": [ "38.1 Flowers, double fertilization, and fruits are unique features of the angiosperm life cycle." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ea3e602c5454c25891ef3f416b7b4b7", "input": "Question: What is idefined as the mass of a substance divided by its volume? Answer: density", "output": [ "The ideal gas law can also be used to determine the densities of gases. Density, recall, is defined as the mass of a substance divided by its volume:." ] }, { "id": "task593-6157604941094677b60ae8264e3f9d55", "input": "Question: What is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water Answer: base", "output": [ "A base is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Bases taste bitter and turn red litmus paper blue." ] }, { "id": "task593-049e84ad499b432d87c249ff00911b35", "input": "Question: Nearly all life processes depend on what substance, which is involved in biochemical reactions? Answer: water", "output": [ "Water is involved in many other biochemical reactions. As a result, just about all life processes depend on water. Clearly, life as we know it could not exist without water." ] }, { "id": "task593-8896a2fdf21847e7911b5af618c29d06", "input": "Question: Amino acids are joined together to form a chain at what molecular structure? Answer: ribosomes", "output": [ "At the ribosome, the amino acids are joined together to form a chain of amino acids." ] }, { "id": "task593-c05bc9bdd0d34785b70f6c8d10500cbe", "input": "Question: What type of generations do plants alternate between during a life cycle? Answer: haploid and diploid", "output": [ "All plants have a life cycle that alternates between haploid and diploid generations. Plants vary in terms of which generation is dominant. Most modern plants have a dominant diploid generation." ] }, { "id": "task593-2679ecf9a8584b86a213bc7bb12100fa", "input": "Question: What two things collide to cause gas pressure? Answer: gas particles and an object", "output": [ "Gas pressure is the result of collisions between gas particles and an object." ] }, { "id": "task593-cdb4bf9dd8b14a3a9f4732c916b78002", "input": "Question: What is another term for scale worms? Answer: halkieria", "output": [ "Halkieria, or scale worms, are an example of a fossil life from the Cambrian." ] }, { "id": "task593-03eaa06025494d14ad52bf7cb243efdb", "input": "Question: What model postulates that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy levels? Answer: bohr", "output": [ "The Bohr model postulates that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy levels." ] }, { "id": "task593-4407aad9ef47486e96a09466acf996a1", "input": "Question: Liverworts are small plants that grow close to what? Answer: ground", "output": [ "Liverworts are small plants that grow close to the ground." ] }, { "id": "task593-d6db660ca89341d7b285b328ac0be438", "input": "Question: Is the heat of reaction positive or negative for an endothermic reaction? Answer: positive", "output": [ "Because the heat is absorbed by the system, the 177.8 kJ is written as a reactant. The heat of reaction is positive for an endothermic reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-841b0287757e472ab8e4e40e37eec753", "input": "Question: What is the pressure of gas in a gas mixture termed? Answer: partial pressure", "output": [ "The pressure of a gas in a gas mixture is termed the partial pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-50cdc82178e24473977cb1dbc25d2c1d", "input": "Question: What kingdom in the domain eukarya that includes molds, mushrooms, and yeasts called? Answer: fungi", "output": [ "Fungi are a kingdom in the domain Eukarya that includes molds, mushrooms, and yeasts." ] }, { "id": "task593-86f274c402fb4934880c3c13cf83e1cb", "input": "Question: What do seismic waves prove about the inner core? Answer: it is solid", "output": [ "Seismic waves show that the outer core is liquid. The inner core is solid." ] }, { "id": "task593-e7e0e4da85c841e09e98612ecde11346", "input": "Question: What is a factor in determining weight but not mass? Answer: location", "output": [ "Mass is independent of location, while weight depends on location." ] }, { "id": "task593-c568ee28ae184407a9edd606fa719561", "input": "Question: What is the term for how the air feels at its temperature and humidity Answer: relative humidity", "output": [ "Relative humidity is how the air feels at its temperature and humidity." ] }, { "id": "task593-14aef22c3fcc44bbbe76b3787a1b2ec3", "input": "Question: What is the term for seed plants? Answer: spermatophytes", "output": [ "Most vascular plants are seed plants, or spermatophytes. They reproduce with seeds and pollen. Some modern seed plants are gymnosperms that produce seeds in cones." ] }, { "id": "task593-5e561109e67f4a8bab38a808eb14245b", "input": "Question: Due to similar function, the wings of bats and birds are referred to as what type of structures? Answer: analogous structures", "output": [ "John Romanes, modified by CK-12 Foundation. Wings of bats and birds are analogous structures . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-203e9262b6f146809b09d6dba9bf09ef", "input": "Question: Two important concepts, niche and habitat, are associated with what? Answer: ecosystem", "output": [ "Two important concepts associated with the ecosystem are niche and habitat." ] }, { "id": "task593-7dfa8940ce884566bb160e9280450853", "input": "Question: What is the scientific term for climates with the least moisture? Answer: arid", "output": [ "In terms of moisture, climates can be classified as arid (dry), semi-arid, humid (wet), or semi-humid. The amount of moisture depends on both precipitation and evaporation." ] }, { "id": "task593-7efc71c8e7794c6683568b60baed1e99", "input": "Question: What is the functional unit of compact bone? Answer: the osteon", "output": [ "Bone matrix provides bones with their basic structure. Notice the spongy bone in the middle, and the compact bone towards the outer region. The osteon is the functional unit of compact bone." ] }, { "id": "task593-c76667d41fcc4f838b3bd1f604903ca8", "input": "Question: Minerals form when they precipitate from hot fluids that have done what? Answer: cooled down", "output": [ "Minerals form when they precipitate from hot fluids that have cooled down." ] }, { "id": "task593-d7011310fb7945299aa65c12c1dcf61e", "input": "Question: What supports most of earth's ecosystems? Answer: sun", "output": [ "The Sun supports most of Earth's ecosystems. Plants create chemical energy from abiotic factors that include solar energy. The food energy created by producers is passed through the food chain." ] }, { "id": "task593-eee9a9205e8e470a8f6eba0b86bce534", "input": "Question: What is the term for tough protein fibers that connects bones to each other? Answer: ligaments", "output": [ "Ligaments are made of tough protein fibers and connect bones to each other. Your bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up your skeletal system ." ] }, { "id": "task593-eb02dcc1008a434ea66984844c6a38fe", "input": "Question: Burning trees produces most of the same pollutants as burning what? Answer: fossil fuels", "output": [ "Millions of acres of forest have been cut and burned to make way for farming. Figure below shows an example. Burning trees produces most of the same pollutants as burning fossil fuels." ] }, { "id": "task593-f505f1ab1a054d68aca87858a2a6cc42", "input": "Question: How can natural resources be classified from a human point of view? Answer: renewable or nonrenewable", "output": [ "From a human point of view, natural resources can be classified as either renewable or nonrenewable." ] }, { "id": "task593-6e51ca15b02c48d7a1c599efffb9ab6a", "input": "Question: What can alkenes and alkynes be reduced with to form alkanes? Answer: hydrogen gas", "output": [ "Alkenes and alkynes can be reduced with hydrogen gas to form alkanes." ] }, { "id": "task593-81e9158c53ad47d5a042cf9c9483e9d3", "input": "Question: What is the highest taxon in the classification of living things? Answer: a domain", "output": [ "Prokaryotes are currently placed in two domains. A domain is the highest taxon in the classification of living things. It's even higher than the kingdom." ] }, { "id": "task593-a6fe8415aff648ba9ffc493f4a232acf", "input": "Question: What causes rivers to always flow downhill? Answer: gravity", "output": [ "Currents are like rivers flowing through the ocean. Rivers always flow downhill because of gravity. What do you think causes ocean currents to flow?." ] }, { "id": "task593-950d0d1fbefa414198e78acdf00e36f1", "input": "Question: What do industries use water to generate? Answer: electricity", "output": [ "Rechargeable batteries are renewable because they can be refilled with energy. Is the energy they are refilled with always renewable?." ] }, { "id": "task593-8b5e9b1ffd494ba5bfdeb956ee191d6c", "input": "Question: Differences in density between water and air lead to differences in what? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Differences in density between water and air lead to differences in pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-2e16f0ac85e74726b9137f0db75f62bb", "input": "Question: Nearly all earthquakes occur where? Answer: plate boundaries", "output": [ "Nearly all earthquakes occur at plate boundaries, and all types of plate boundaries have earthquakes." ] }, { "id": "task593-d141b1bcd730432b8721871c721b2dba", "input": "Question: What does temperature measure? Answer: average kinetic energy of molecules", "output": [ "In this lesson, you read that air density and pressure change with altitude. The temperature of the air also changes with altitude. Air temperature measures the heat energy of air molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-781977e404b44875827318314b6e3610", "input": "Question: How do autotrophs get food? Answer: make their own", "output": [ "Autotrophs make their own food. Heterotrophs get food by eating other living things." ] }, { "id": "task593-19eff34ed4e7407ea8436b92bcd70cb6", "input": "Question: Milk is usually subjected to what process, where high temperatures denature the proteins in bacteria so they cannot carry out functions needed to grow and multiply? Answer: pasteurization", "output": [ "When milk is pasteurized, it is heated to high temperatures. These high temperatures denature the proteins in bacteria, so they cannot carry out needed functions to grow and multiply." ] }, { "id": "task593-cde80060045a421bbeb943d568aabee8", "input": "Question: Because atoms have equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons, what kind of electric charge do they possess? Answer: neutral", "output": [ "Atoms have equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons, so they are neutral in electric charge." ] }, { "id": "task593-9c52b013ed2f423497b4d01c855b5187", "input": "Question: Atoms of different elements can combine in simple whole number ratios to form what? Answer: chemical compounds", "output": [ "Atoms of different elements can combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds." ] }, { "id": "task593-107a142f397348669972bc26ecb48c2b", "input": "Question: Deer ticks are vectors for the bacteria that cause what disease? Answer: lyme", "output": [ "Deer ticks are vectors for the bacteria that cause Lyme disease. The ticks are actually very small and may go unnoticed." ] }, { "id": "task593-af5e62c7178a4f9f9a5827b40d996afd", "input": "Question: What type of terminal releases neurotransmitters at a synapse? Answer: axon", "output": [ "At a synapse, neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal. They bind with receptors on the other cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-6511f01766f44bf995d402dc3fbd514b", "input": "Question: What has the average global temperature done since the 1900s? Answer: risen", "output": [ "Average global temperature has risen since 1900." ] }, { "id": "task593-8cc9a32a112b4851a62940b0696e9501", "input": "Question: Which country is formed by a hotspot along the mid-atlantic ridge? Answer: iceland", "output": [ "Hotspots may also be active at plate boundaries. This is especially common at mid-ocean ridges. Iceland is formed by a hotspot along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge." ] }, { "id": "task593-5b899e18931c483ebed02b2d6b3bbe4c", "input": "Question: What occurs when the immune system attacks harmless substances that enter the body from the outside? Answer: allergies", "output": [ "Allergies occur when the immune system attacks harmless substances that enter the body from the outside." ] }, { "id": "task593-663fbe3bfa664014a374c760d7f04d9a", "input": "Question: Chewing insects such as dragonflies and grasshoppers have how many sets of jaws? Answer: two", "output": [ "If all three bulbs are set a full intensity, the person sees __________." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e6496d4ba644684b385d128d3c154c6", "input": "Question: What is the term for vascular plants that reproduce with seeds? Answer: seed plants", "output": [ "Seed plants are vascular plants that reproduce with seeds. Modern seed plants are called spermatophytes. Seeds allow the plants to reproduce without water. Most vascular plants today are seed plants." ] }, { "id": "task593-c461d01d603a40529f5d6afbea8bd2c4", "input": "Question: Change in momentum in an object is equivalent to what other measurement? Answer: impulse", "output": [ "The change of momentum of an object is equal to the impulse." ] }, { "id": "task593-89d1695b775840dd81dba3f97cb5ef20", "input": "Question: Counterweights and diagonal steel beams are used in buildings to hold down what? Answer: sway", "output": [ "Larger buildings must sway, but not so much that they touch nearby buildings. Counterweights and diagonal steel beams are used to hold down sway." ] }, { "id": "task593-7811fc9496f74cb9af9b1f03b7cb4d9c", "input": "Question: A sticky, moist secretion that covers mucous membranes is called what? Answer: mucus", "output": [ "One way mucous membranes protect the body is by producing mucus. Mucus is a sticky, moist secretion that covers mucous membranes. The mucus traps pathogens and particles so they can’t enter the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-bbd6f04181ef4c168d3c37a98c694b17", "input": "Question: Which fungi eaten by people all over the world? Answer: mushrooms", "output": [ "Mushrooms are fungi that are eaten by people all over the globe." ] }, { "id": "task593-084a2cb86fa84d098f67e12a07f6132a", "input": "Question: Has the average annual temperature on earth been rising or falling for the past 100 years? Answer: rising", "output": [ "The average annual temperature on Earth has been rising for the past 100 years." ] }, { "id": "task593-7b6b95103f0141689412ee399076e982", "input": "Question: How many valence electrons does carbon have? Answer: four", "output": [ "Carbon has four valence electrons, so it can achieve a full outer energy level by forming four covalent bonds. When it bonds only with hydrogen, it forms compounds called hydrocarbons." ] }, { "id": "task593-53b499e013d540e0ad6a392c3f46b938", "input": "Question: The cell body contains what central structure along with other organelles? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles." ] }, { "id": "task593-e24b8bb947b143d7bfb392c2e8cc55d5", "input": "Question: When the energy of the earthquake reaches shore, it forms a huge wave called? Answer: a tsunami", "output": [ "When an earthquake occurs under the ocean, it sends waves through the water as well as the ground. When the energy of the earthquake reaches shore, it forms a huge wave called a tsunami." ] }, { "id": "task593-28ee393a253d4bf49e09df9d3d823f98", "input": "Question: What word describes a change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience? Answer: learning", "output": [ "Learning is a change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience." ] }, { "id": "task593-995d8976b48147c7979fef53dc6d33f2", "input": "Question: What is it called when plants release water vapor through their leaves? Answer: transpiration", "output": [ "Transpiration is like evaporation because it changes liquid water to water vapor. In transpiration, plants release water vapor through their leaves. This water vapor rises into the atmosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-7220d84939e5435d889a7d511b57de2d", "input": "Question: Many hydrocarbons are cyclic and adopt specific three-dimensional structures that influence their physical and what properties? Answer: chemical", "output": [ "Many hydrocarbons are cyclic and adopt specific three-dimensional structures that influence their physical and chemical properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-1b36eef2d94946d986a9bff07adbc75b", "input": "Question: What types of genes encode transcription factors? Answer: homeobox genes", "output": [ "Homeobox genes are involved in the regulation of genes important to development. They encode transcription factors." ] }, { "id": "task593-cd667f1e8503419d90c83a418e1707db", "input": "Question: The major cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of? Answer: fossil fuels", "output": [ "The major cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels." ] }, { "id": "task593-892555253a924395841eb80cc23a2339", "input": "Question: What is a force that opposes motion between any surfaces that are touching? Answer: friction", "output": [ "Friction is a force that opposes motion between any surfaces that are touching." ] }, { "id": "task593-360524409bd041f587986818d0590ccd", "input": "Question: What are these examples of: a person riding a carousel and a skydiver in free fall? Answer: acceleration", "output": [ "Examples of acceleration include a person riding a carousel and a skydiver in free fall." ] }, { "id": "task593-ee467eb4028c464c9fa3dbb5edf8694d", "input": "Question: Name the organ located behind the nasal cavity in which both food and air pass through? Answer: pharynx", "output": [ "Behind the nasal cavity, air passes through the pharynx , a long tube. Both food and air pass through the pharynx." ] }, { "id": "task593-be857ddf1b84434483883ed2b586a02c", "input": "Question: What term is used to express the measurement of how high land is above sea level? Answer: elevation", "output": [ "Elevation measures how high land is above sea level. It gets colder as you go higher above sea level, which is why you see snow-capped mountains." ] }, { "id": "task593-7c5d46b14f1245a5b911fad8e687ffc3", "input": "Question: Where are temperatures the lowest? Answer: at the poles", "output": [ "At the poles, the Sun’s rays are least direct. Much of the area is covered with ice and snow, which reflect a lot of sunlight. Temperatures are lowest here." ] }, { "id": "task593-b9bd43c80ea54dabb6e6b6a9ce1b8f54", "input": "Question: Well suited to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil, thin-walled dermal cells and tiny hairs cover what basic plant structures? Answer: roots", "output": [ "Roots are covered with thin-walled dermal cells and tiny root hairs. These features are well suited to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil." ] }, { "id": "task593-74bb3368ba084a1d83dcdf1465e31791", "input": "Question: What pulls skydivers towards the earth? Answer: gravity", "output": [ "Skydivers are pulled towards the Earth by gravity. Gravity exerts a force on the skydivers. A force is a push or pull. Some pushes and pulls can be seen." ] }, { "id": "task593-f48c03b02821489583f16a12ef2b5b7c", "input": "Question: Viruses depend on what type of cells? Answer: host cells", "output": [ "Briefly describe how viruses depend on host cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-8dd443ac93ba4196a14c24264bfe5e22", "input": "Question: All cells need what for processes like active transport? Answer: energy", "output": [ "All cells, including both plant and animal cells, need energy for processes such as active transport. How do cells obtain the energy they need?." ] }, { "id": "task593-d5b9a29e985d42c4a948a8552075a12f", "input": "Question: What lets different species of anole lizards live in the same area without competing? Answer: specialization", "output": [ "Specialization in Anole Lizards. Specialization lets different species of anole lizards live in the same area without competing." ] }, { "id": "task593-0097825d478d4250a0e740c4ad95ae75", "input": "Question: What type of plate boundaries produce huge mountain ranges in the ocean basin? Answer: divergent", "output": [ "Divergent plate boundaries produce huge mountain ranges under water in every ocean basin." ] }, { "id": "task593-8b0d6ca20ef6427a98d8eb528d717275", "input": "Question: What form because water erodes the outside of curves and deposits eroded material on the inside? Answer: meanders", "output": [ "Meanders form because water erodes the outside of curves and deposits eroded material on the inside. Over time, the curves shift position." ] }, { "id": "task593-bc2c20b05d45473796285fa9ebf0c2e2", "input": "Question: Monatomic cations have the same name as their parent element. what happens to monatomic anions? Answer: ends in - de", "output": [ "Monatomic cations have the same name as their parent element, whereas monatomic anions end in - ide ." ] }, { "id": "task593-b33bcb1b20ee42398980a7f61fb15027", "input": "Question: What is the process of a cell membrane surrounding a particle and engulfing it calles? Answer: phagocytosis", "output": [ "Figure 5.20 In phagocytosis, the cell membrane surrounds the particle and engulfs it. (credit: Mariana Ruiz Villareal)." ] }, { "id": "task593-2cf9276a020b4f49ab09d5195aab920a", "input": "Question: Nonvascular plants such as liverworts, hornworts, and mosses lack what three typical plant features? Answer: roots, stems, leaves", "output": [ "Nonvascular plants include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. They lack roots, stems, and leaves." ] }, { "id": "task593-26bd17dde7cb48b790f37eb2dd851803", "input": "Question: What astronomical phenomenon is often comprised of remnants of the earliest material that formed in the solar system? Answer: meteorites", "output": [ "Many meteorites are remnants of the earliest material that formed in the solar system." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ff5f3b06c484da8bd556f095fe781a7", "input": "Question: A basic function of cells includes obtaining what from glucose? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Obtaining energy from glucose is one of the basic functions of cells. Another basic function of living cells is dividing." ] }, { "id": "task593-428608333348495788550dc7b0f3b066", "input": "Question: What is the basic chemical building block of matter; it is the simplest chemical substance? Answer: element", "output": [ "An element is the basic chemical building block of matter; it is the simplest chemical substance." ] }, { "id": "task593-6204ff680d1a47888371834b1cff810f", "input": "Question: What are some uses of chlorine gas? Answer: cleaning, disinfecting and in swimming pools", "output": [ "You may be able to avoid some of the health effects of outdoor air pollution by staying indoors on high-pollution days. However, some indoor air is just as polluted as outdoor air." ] }, { "id": "task593-36b91e0ce9174bc89212f7f7adfdb750", "input": "Question: What is freshwater below the earth's surface called? Answer: groundwater", "output": [ "Freshwater below Earth’s surface is called groundwater . The water infiltrates, or seeps down into, the ground from the surface. How does this happen? And where does the water go?." ] }, { "id": "task593-656c7e7409454421ba3fa6028a4575d4", "input": "Question: What is the clear, protective covering on the outside of the eye? Answer: cornea", "output": [ "First, light passes through the cornea of the eye. The cornea is a clear, protective covering on the outside of the eye." ] }, { "id": "task593-4344640d59cf40468390d3e6453a891c", "input": "Question: What consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to some combination of carbons and hydrogens? Answer: an amine", "output": [ "An amine consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to some combination of carbons and hydrogens." ] }, { "id": "task593-7a424022b981429893c990cb26ce9b6e", "input": "Question: What is the foundation species of coral reef ecosystems? Answer: coral", "output": [ "Figure 19.24 Coral is the foundation species of coral reef ecosystems. (credit: Jim E. Maragos, USFWS)." ] }, { "id": "task593-b6655b89c9fa418689660b995fd50dd8", "input": "Question: What process would be impossible without some variation in the inherited traits of organisms within a species? Answer: natural selection", "output": [ "There is some variation in the inherited traits of organisms within a species. Without this variation, natural selection would not be possible." ] }, { "id": "task593-a0ebd82e36104d11b56960d0d1c15bd6", "input": "Question: Zeros that appear in front of all of the nonzero digits are called what? Answer: left-end zeros", "output": [ "3. Zeros that appear in front of all of the nonzero digits are called left-end zeros. Left-end zeros are never significant. A. 0.008 has one significant figure." ] }, { "id": "task593-7cc9711af05442df9196f01301f5df8a", "input": "Question: What process allows particles too large to move along the stream bed? Answer: saltation", "output": [ "Particles that are too large to be suspended move along the stream bed by saltation." ] }, { "id": "task593-0bef8d888f95490c8c68ff9d913f358a", "input": "Question: Hair and nails are made of what? Answer: keratin", "output": [ "Hair and nails are made of keratin, a tough protein." ] }, { "id": "task593-ba0a2209114d4ba99c5232ae48e18e68", "input": "Question: What is the stored food in a seed called? Answer: endosperm", "output": [ "The stored food in a seed is called endosperm . It nourishes the embryo until it can start making food on its own." ] }, { "id": "task593-d20f0973a1b4499d910abc652a9a974b", "input": "Question: When a rock is altered by heat from a nearby magma, what occurs? Answer: contact metamorphism", "output": [ "Contact metamorphism occurs when a rock is altered by heat from a nearby magma." ] }, { "id": "task593-5e11cb68506b42a5af1a3ad293b9529d", "input": "Question: What gas, that is dissolved in solution, is used in carbonated beverages? Answer: carbon dioxide", "output": [ "Carbonated beverages contain carbon dioxide gas that is dissolved in solution. Do you think a carbonated beverage is a mixture or a pure substance? Explain." ] }, { "id": "task593-95de92a88aa4432fb5c08159db689164", "input": "Question: What happened to chemical reactions when temperature increases? Answer: it became faster", "output": [ "Temperature increases. Chemical reactions are faster at higher temperatures." ] }, { "id": "task593-5407897edab840468d4b17627c868998", "input": "Question: What do craters and rifts become when the fill with water? Answer: lakes", "output": [ "Craters and rifts become lakes when they fill with water. Where does the water come from?." ] }, { "id": "task593-6cd2d4e3e5844e2b8a44ba0ee98b995d", "input": "Question: What do structures of the human eye collect and focus? Answer: light", "output": [ "The structures of the human eye collect and focus light. They form a reduced, upside-down image on the retina at the back of the eye." ] }, { "id": "task593-68e3e30c7a024301bba9361732054661", "input": "Question: What happens between particles with opposite charges? Answer: they attract", "output": [ "When charged particles are close enough to exert force on each other, their electric fields interact. Particles with opposite charges attract each other. Particles with like charges repel each other." ] }, { "id": "task593-839988109b2b485b9d8c08086352197d", "input": "Question: Cells that are divided by oncogenes contain damaged what? Answer: dna", "output": [ "Proto-oncogenes normally help control cell division. Mutations in these genes turn them into oncogenes. Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged DNA." ] }, { "id": "task593-447124862e1a49229c71bfd29c52a9f4", "input": "Question: What is an interation between organisms or species for the same resources in an enviroment is called? Answer: competition", "output": [ "Competition is as an interaction between organisms or species for the same resources in an environment." ] }, { "id": "task593-20e18eb149d945d4ab9c6aca18e2230b", "input": "Question: What type of movement is caused by erosion from direct gravity? Answer: mass movement", "output": [ "Outline the forces that act on particles in the nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-6f2c62866ff44bc993ffeac5efa417d8", "input": "Question: Electromagnetic specturm is the full spectrum of raidant energy, which is energy emitted and transmitted as what? Answer: waves", "output": [ "The noble gases are characterized by their high ionization energies and low electron affinities." ] }, { "id": "task593-6ec874de10424347b39621cea357dc81", "input": "Question: The structures of both trifluoramine and hydroxylamine are similar to that of what? Answer: ammonia", "output": [ "The structures of both trifluoramine and hydroxylamine are similar to that of ammonia." ] }, { "id": "task593-a9b8442fe1c947319edd68a5eb8cb1c7", "input": "Question: New land can be created when what happens to a volcano? Answer: it erupts", "output": [ "New land can be created by volcanic eruptions." ] }, { "id": "task593-910ede8e6a99412e95d68f2f07d6a9d8", "input": "Question: What is the fourth planet from the sun? Answer: mars", "output": [ "Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It has two small, irregular moons. Mars is red because of rust in its soil. Mars has the largest mountain and the largest canyon in the solar system." ] }, { "id": "task593-b91b9be7d4de445cae6df3b1a0aa736c", "input": "Question: What type of metal is a good conductor of electricity? Answer: copper", "output": [ "Copper is a good conductor of electricity. That's why electric wires are often made of copper. They are covered with a protective coating of plastic, which does not conduct electricity." ] }, { "id": "task593-7ba52bb359cf43d5ac0e4bb8645818c3", "input": "Question: What do people apply to their lawns that causes water pollution? Answer: chemicals", "output": [ "People pollute water when they apply excess chemicals to their lawn. They may also dispose of pollutants incorrectly." ] }, { "id": "task593-8242412565d942c5ac6eca2938c8faad", "input": "Question: Which group of the periodic table consists of hydrogen and the alkali metals? Answer: group 1", "output": [ "Group 1 of the periodic table consists of hydrogen and the alkali metals. Hydrogen is a very reactive nonmetal. The alkali metals are the most reactive metals." ] }, { "id": "task593-5363de0b055940179d1353898cc9e0c9", "input": "Question: What gives a coil of copper wire the ability to conduct electricity well? Answer: metallic bonds", "output": [ "Image copyright SergiyN, 2014. Coil of copper wire, which conducts electricity well due to metallic bonds . Used under license from Shutterstock. com." ] }, { "id": "task593-583549ead2154048a954a306c10e5e20", "input": "Question: Sulfate is used as a cleaning agent because it is acidic and soluble in what substance? Answer: water", "output": [ "sulfate is used as a cleaning agent because it is water soluble and acidic." ] }, { "id": "task593-b7977c9ae25f4fb6a2f3ff04eb766c71", "input": "Question: What is a prerequisite for fertilization to take place in plants? Answer: pollination", "output": [ "Pollination must occur for fertilization to take place. Zygotes develop into embryos inside seeds, from which the next sporophyte generation grows." ] }, { "id": "task593-c812c21edc80402494b4f1e98c8e6c48", "input": "Question: What type of isotopes have short half-lives and are given in very low doses? Answer: radioisotopes", "output": [ "Radioisotopes are widely used in medical diagnosis. These isotopes need to have short half-lives so that they can be administered in very low doses, thus minimizing damage to cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-35eae03226df4272b0902e6feedd9aa9", "input": "Question: What device is a magnetic disc that provides long-term storage for programs and data? Answer: hard drive", "output": [ "The hard drive is a magnetic disc that provides long-term storage for programs and data." ] }, { "id": "task593-a5be55adbb7b410d9c5d217163288e67", "input": "Question: What do you call any device that makes work easier by changing a force? Answer: machine", "output": [ "A machine is any device that makes work easier by changing a force. Work is done whenever a force moves an object over a distance. The amount of work done is represented by the equation:." ] }, { "id": "task593-3c4643b4d96741eea5caa0a0cbef3766", "input": "Question: What do earth and the other planets in the solar system make around the sun? Answer: elliptical orbits", "output": [ "Earth and the other planets in the solar system make elliptical orbits around the Sun. The ellipses in this image are highly exaggerated." ] }, { "id": "task593-1f853f479175483e9a395300d4af5e12", "input": "Question: What are the nonliving parts of ecosystems like soil and air called? Answer: abiotic factors", "output": [ "Abiotic factors are the nonliving parts of ecosystems. They include air, soil, and other things organisms need. They determine which organisms — and how many of them — can live in an ecosystem." ] }, { "id": "task593-0903ffeca0534e2c8b9ea3c74a200cb7", "input": "Question: If a machine only changes the direction of a force without changing the ratio of the output/input forces, then what is its associated mechanical advantage? Answer: 1", "output": [ "For machines that change only the direction of the force, such as the rope systems on flagpoles, the output force is the same as the input force. Therefore, the mechanical advantage is equal to 1." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4d44adc73a94352bb32b6f62031de32", "input": "Question: Cellular respiration involves forming atp from what type of sugar? Answer: glucose", "output": [ "Cellular respiration occurs in the cells of all living things. It takes place in the cells of both autotrophs and heterotrophs. All of them burn glucose to form ATP." ] }, { "id": "task593-9da3d253726347e5af5c14726b63ed59", "input": "Question: What is the term for the relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is harmed? Answer: symbiotic relationship", "output": [ "symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is harmed." ] }, { "id": "task593-d8273569f7a4417f93c7edd29d1bd01f", "input": "Question: What makes up the central nervous system? Answer: brain and spinal cord", "output": [ "The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord." ] }, { "id": "task593-22d3c9a1b1c9403b92e11fc33dcc7a77", "input": "Question: Scientific notation expresses a number as a what, times a power of 10? Answer: coefficient", "output": [ "Scientific notation expresses a number as a coefficient times a power of 10." ] }, { "id": "task593-8249dfb70e5043b190879e2482a58f49", "input": "Question: What is formed when an element gains one or more electrons? Answer: anion", "output": [ "When an element gains one or more electrons, an anion is formed. Nonmetals typically become anions when they interact with other chemical species." ] }, { "id": "task593-4c10070716014a358d60bcfd7a6c51e9", "input": "Question: Giardia is an example of a protozoa that uses flagella for what purpose? Answer: movement", "output": [ "type of protozoa, such as Giardia, that moves with flagella." ] }, { "id": "task593-595dba78f48748df8b302234f9ff67e0", "input": "Question: In which organs does gas exchange take place between blood and air? Answer: lungs", "output": [ "Respiration begins with ventilation . This is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs. The lungs are the organs in which gas exchange takes place between blood and air." ] }, { "id": "task593-94fb5823f1af43f38ed4c5185f3b8cb0", "input": "Question: Food chewed evenly during mastication moisten and lubricate the lining of the mouth and this? Answer: pharynx", "output": [ "Food is chewed evenly during mastication Moisten and lubricate the lining of the mouth and pharynx." ] }, { "id": "task593-fe3be530d5884894adf1237156cf4495", "input": "Question: What are located on either side of the pharynx in the throat? Answer: tonsils", "output": [ "The tonsils are located on either side of the pharynx in the throat. They trap pathogens, which are destroyed by lymphocytes in the tonsils." ] }, { "id": "task593-a7c17eb8acf748848f8357a38eab3a3a", "input": "Question: Stis are diseases caused by what that spread through sexual contact? Answer: pathogens", "output": [ "STIs are diseases caused by pathogens that spread through sexual contact. Abstinence from sexual activity and other risk behaviors is the only completely effective way to prevent the spread of STIs." ] }, { "id": "task593-8eafb4d6ac814edebf9d7387c4fb2b4f", "input": "Question: The physical properties of gases are predictable using mathematical formulas known as what? Answer: gas laws", "output": [ "The physical properties of gases are predictable using mathematical formulas known as gas laws." ] }, { "id": "task593-11ad7bf8abaa418d97f156c7156852d0", "input": "Question: What happens when materials return to their original shape? Answer: elastic rebound", "output": [ "Elastic rebound occurs when materials return to their original shape." ] }, { "id": "task593-0ccdb619546d440aae06bc6b4303b2eb", "input": "Question: What is the term for tough, flexible connective tissue that contains the protein collagen? Answer: cartilage", "output": [ "Cartilage is a tough, flexible connective tissue that contains the protein collagen. It covers the ends of bones where they meet. The gray tissue in Figure below is cartilage." ] }, { "id": "task593-3a552414751349719536c217e4757cba", "input": "Question: When sand is deposited along a shoreline, what is created? Answer: beach", "output": [ "Sand deposited along a shoreline creates a beach." ] }, { "id": "task593-31c50829c54d4c68a0f3c0853e4d98c5", "input": "Question: Gall bladder removal surgery does not seriously affect digestion because ______ is still being produced. Answer: bile", "output": [ "Note Surgical removal is often advised for a gallbladder that becomes infected, inflamed, or perforated. This surgery does not seriously affect digestion because bile is still produced." ] }, { "id": "task593-2a5bb52b0e1d4e4c8445ae5e9f2a604a", "input": "Question: Because their embryos are surrounded by a thin membrane, reptiles are considered what? Answer: amniotes", "output": [ "Reptiles are also amniotes, which means their embryos are surrounded by a thin membrane." ] }, { "id": "task593-eb7baf7fd33d43c3833143c71c348302", "input": "Question: Arrows and cannon balls are examples of objects with what kind of motion? Answer: projectile", "output": [ "Examples of objects that have projectile motion include arrows and cannon balls." ] }, { "id": "task593-b52d8d46721a4a34a6ffa2762e7bd859", "input": "Question: Pressure, volume, and temperature are related by which law? Answer: gas law", "output": [ "Pressure, volume, and temperature are related by the combined gas law." ] }, { "id": "task593-d7360f31b89c43c68c8acb0ff685228b", "input": "Question: What is the representative particle in pure metals? Answer: the atom", "output": [ "In the case of pure metals, the representative particle is simply the atom. One mole of zinc refers to a mole of Zn atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-a8049589bd0746808ec5bd0b748cc510", "input": "Question: Mercury is small, rocky and covered with what objects? Answer: craters", "output": [ "6. Mercury is small, rocky and covered with craters. Why?." ] }, { "id": "task593-8d5c08dc14ee43e7a8623c41e14883d7", "input": "Question: Which enzyme is used in step three of the polymerase chain reaction because of it's ability to withstand high temperatures? Answer: taq polymerase", "output": [ "When appropriate, a symbol may be written above or below the arrow to indicate some special circumstance. The symbol \"Δ\" is often used to indicate that the reaction is to be heated." ] }, { "id": "task593-2b3a71a5313148bd99c2038d2a5f512e", "input": "Question: What enthalpy change is observed in an exothermic reaction? Answer: negative", "output": [ "The reaction is exothermic and thus the sign of the enthalpy change is negative." ] }, { "id": "task593-42f7168dca4845f8980d2b54c33dbb3f", "input": "Question: How do all musical instruments create sound? Answer: vibration", "output": [ "All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving through the air." ] }, { "id": "task593-752ff877fea34a7c83fe52ff555561bf", "input": "Question: What does lattice energy of an ionic solid measure the strength of? Answer: bonds", "output": [ "Lattice energy of an ionic solid is a measure of the strength of bonds in that ionic compound." ] }, { "id": "task593-267dcdccd45f42e489e55d0a31f25a54", "input": "Question: What affects how high a cake rises when it bakes? Answer: air pressure", "output": [ "Air pressure affects how high a cake rises when it bakes. Directions for cake mixes often have special high altitude instructions, like those on the label below. Explain why." ] }, { "id": "task593-1aab6117e5f2450e870b23eb37d3a88a", "input": "Question: What plays a variety of important roles in biochemical systems? Answer: protein", "output": [ "Proteins play a variety of important roles in biochemical systems. Some of the most common protein functions are listed below:." ] }, { "id": "task593-fb0c3b80b8244002b2a1f7abff786a28", "input": "Question: Models may be physical, conceptual, or what else? Answer: mathematical", "output": [ "Models may be physical, conceptual, or mathematical." ] }, { "id": "task593-be6d37447006440c9a8583c9e6d1514a", "input": "Question: What type of chloride is a non-volatile material, but does not dissolve in water? Answer: silver chloride", "output": [ "Silver chloride is a non-volatile material, but does not dissolve in water. What effect will it have on the vapor pressure of water?." ] }, { "id": "task593-bb44e74cab954e22971f630e05901076", "input": "Question: What can lenses be used to make? Answer: visual representations", "output": [ "Lenses can be used to make visual representations, called images ." ] }, { "id": "task593-59e8981ffd214a9683e8f3f88af3892d", "input": "Question: Modern members of what broad animal group live in many different habitats and are found on every continent except antarctica? Answer: reptiles", "output": [ "Modern reptiles live in many different habitats. They can be found on every continent except Antarctica." ] }, { "id": "task593-c301ee08f3a14c7cb402b82885d794ac", "input": "Question: Which ancient fish has just two living species and is at risk of extinction? Answer: coelacanths", "output": [ "Coelacanths are ancient fish with just two living species. They are at risk of extinction because of their very small numbers." ] }, { "id": "task593-33fd64765d064909a26d5101bc286e3e", "input": "Question: What does the concentration of a solution represent? Answer: percentage of solute", "output": [ "The concentration of a solution represents the percentage of the solution that is the solute. You can calculate the concentration of a solution using this formula:." ] }, { "id": "task593-655f1042392d4322b2ad11e2d2385cad", "input": "Question: Spirals, spheres, and rods are examples of what distinguishing property of bacteria? Answer: shape", "output": [ "Bacteria come in many different shapes. Some of the most common shapes are bacilli (rods), cocci (spheres), and spirilli (spirals). Bacteria can be identified and classified by their shape." ] }, { "id": "task593-27dc24178d8c487a977ebb9999b8371d", "input": "Question: What type of locomotion do humans have? Answer: bipedal", "output": [ "34.8 Humans are mammals that have a large brain and bipedal locomotion." ] }, { "id": "task593-29ec3ce1663c444784e6c85acf4ba667", "input": "Question: What is the part of the flower that produces pollen? Answer: stamen", "output": [ "stamens The part of the flower that produces pollen." ] }, { "id": "task593-cfb8f06af71d4ae99a4544ce4dae4431", "input": "Question: What is the apparatus used for carrying out an electrolysis reaction called? Answer: electrolytic cell", "output": [ "An electrolytic cell is the apparatus used for carrying out an electrolysis reaction. Figure below shows an electrolytic cell composed of Zn|Zn 2+ and Cu|Cu 2+ half-cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-98d4ad939f534383b9788503c97713bc", "input": "Question: What catalyst substances may also allow reactions to occur by different pathways that have lower activation energy? Answer: enzymes", "output": [ "Enzymes may also allow reactions to occur by different pathways that have lower activation energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-686a7a20f7374e6184945e1c3cdeb74d", "input": "Question: What is needed by all known forms of life? Answer: water", "output": [ "Water is needed by all known forms of life." ] }, { "id": "task593-2fbe0fdd3c744136b31829126ee76eaa", "input": "Question: Which system transports oxygens to cells? Answer: circulatory system", "output": [ "An important function of the circulatory system is transporting oxygen to cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-1da9488c42c74fd58a0557d4ee3e8249", "input": "Question: Attaching strips of neutral metals that are higher in the activity series can protect a structure from what? Answer: corrosion", "output": [ "Attaching strips of neutral metals that are higher in the activity series can protect a structure from corrosion." ] }, { "id": "task593-1d9e377dec284b079d6f075d86c9c6a9", "input": "Question: Along with muscles, what helps the body move with relatively little force? Answer: joints", "output": [ "With the help of muscles, joints allow the body to move with relatively little force." ] }, { "id": "task593-9b280284f0944f30be60ba68c34644e8", "input": "Question: Weather maps show storms, air masses, and what? Answer: fronts", "output": [ "Weather maps show storms, air masses, and fronts." ] }, { "id": "task593-099745e7a77f43c1bd2cd8d4b5b3fd06", "input": "Question: What is the term for body parts that do not serve their original function? Answer: vestigial structures", "output": [ "Moles live underground where they do not need eyes to find their way around. This mole’s eyes are covered by skin. Body parts that do not serve their original function are vestigial structures." ] }, { "id": "task593-d8912787c40942e4b2ef6a188deaeb1b", "input": "Question: How many low and high tides occur per day? Answer: two", "output": [ "The primary cause of tides is the gravitational attraction of the Moon. This causes two high and two low tides a day." ] }, { "id": "task593-fa21c656e7224876b9d4e1a4d294454d", "input": "Question: What tube carries urine out of the body? Answer: urethra", "output": [ "The penis is a cylinder-shaped organ. It contains the urethra. The urethra is a tube that carries urine out of the body. The urethra also carries sperm out of the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-e5f8a5f285ad47e18ba5ee325b2d0274", "input": "Question: What natural resource can be damaged by the accumulation of too much salt? Answer: soil", "output": [ "Soils may also remain in place but become degraded. Soil is contaminated if too much salt accumulates. Soil can also be contaminated by pollutants." ] }, { "id": "task593-b68488dcad704471af124b495649d4e1", "input": "Question: What is the skeleton of the cell? Answer: cytoskeleton", "output": [ "The cytoplasm consists of watery cytosol and cell structures. It has several functions. The cytoskeleton is the “skeleton” of the cell. It helps the cell keep its shape." ] }, { "id": "task593-3cfdc276fbc0415e8a041dafca0a10af", "input": "Question: Groupings of related organs in the human body are referred to as \"organ\" what? Answer: systems", "output": [ "Human organ systems work together to carry out many of their functions. The skeletal and muscular systems are no exception." ] }, { "id": "task593-d4ebcac2fdec4df3af24a7e30f723820", "input": "Question: What are formed by atoms gaining electrons? Answer: anions", "output": [ "Figure 7.10 Cations are formed when atoms lose electrons, represented by fewer Lewis dots, whereas anions are formed by atoms gaining electrons. The total number of electrons does not change." ] }, { "id": "task593-69154824dff245288124d6ba291524f5", "input": "Question: Canoe paddles, nutcracker, and hammer are examples of what type of simple machine? Answer: lever", "output": [ "The canoe paddles, nutcracker, and hammer that you read about in this lesson have something in common. All three are examples of a type of simple machine called a lever." ] }, { "id": "task593-a4d706d5be4e4fb2937a67ed3432c515", "input": "Question: What is the center of an earthquake called? Answer: the epicenter", "output": [ "Where an earthquake takes place is described by its focus and epicenter." ] }, { "id": "task593-8194874e7f7e4244a783c48677499fb4", "input": "Question: What is the smallest volcanic landform that is formed from accumulation of many small fragments of ejected material? Answer: cinder cones", "output": [ "Cinder cones are the smallest volcanic landform. They are formed from accumulation of many small fragments of ejected material." ] }, { "id": "task593-fef6dcf4893a494db7a60e2d83addb39", "input": "Question: Water is a polar compound, so its molecules are attracted to each other and form what kind of bonds? Answer: hydrogen", "output": [ "Water is a polar compound, so its molecules are attracted to each other and form hydrogen bonds." ] }, { "id": "task593-6613add365cb47c69db3e9543b395d65", "input": "Question: What equals the output power divided by the input power? Answer: efficiency", "output": [ "; The efficiency equals the output power divided by the input power." ] }, { "id": "task593-52949b756cbc42dda0fa191581d74c82", "input": "Question: What is making measurements that are close to the true value known as? Answer: accuracy", "output": [ "Accuracy means making measurements that are close to the true value." ] }, { "id": "task593-39820a9eea5f4a52bb39320f3c819226", "input": "Question: What are materials that can be magnetized called? Answer: ferromagnetic materials", "output": [ "Only certain materials, called ferromagnetic materials, can be magnetized. They include iron, cobalt, and nickel. Materials that have been magnetized may become temporary or permanent magnets." ] }, { "id": "task593-5b952205d12048b59376d37973d4419c", "input": "Question: Differences in fitness among different members of a population can lead to what kind of selection? Answer: natural selection", "output": [ "Natural selection occurs when there are differences in fitness among members of a population." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e5d750f8bc842cd984e56b892064e88", "input": "Question: This type of tissue consists of bundles of xylem and phloem and transports fluids throughout the plant. Answer: vascular tissue", "output": [ "Vascular tissue runs through the ground tissue inside a plant. It consists of bundles of xylem and phloem, which transport fluids throughout the plant." ] }, { "id": "task593-8700261c10c141fc85b4502350361495", "input": "Question: Bacterial stis usually can be cured with what? Answer: antibiotics", "output": [ "Bacterial STIs usually can be cured with antibiotics." ] }, { "id": "task593-f19f5ab08c4f435580c35c1a68f2911e", "input": "Question: What bond is a force of attraction between ions and atoms? Answer: chemical bond", "output": [ "A chemical bond is a force of attraction between atoms or ions. Bonds form when atoms share or transfer valence electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-3eb1d911958d4bce9d6b9eaf07a0f2b2", "input": "Question: Adding a solute does what to the boiling point of a pure solvent? Answer: increases it", "output": [ "Adding a solute increases the boiling point of a pure solvent. This change can be calculated using the equation ." ] }, { "id": "task593-c4c46c3f5578401da2f225c1b0bbc4c8", "input": "Question: The partial pressure of each gas in a mixture is proportional to its what? Answer: mole fraction", "output": [ "The partial pressure of each gas in a mixture is proportional to its mole fraction. KEY EQUATIONS Mole fraction." ] }, { "id": "task593-31052c022a3d4c02be1425f5d5e053a0", "input": "Question: Cytokinins promote cell division and prevent what? Answer: senescence", "output": [ "Cytokinins Promote cell division; prevent senescence." ] }, { "id": "task593-95dd5213cb1a4797b6de81f8add7a0f1", "input": "Question: What is the first stage of cellular respiration? Answer: glycolysis", "output": [ "The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis . It takes place in the cytosol of the cytoplasm." ] }, { "id": "task593-b1d1ff9917e2482d96b89d9df2af2c8b", "input": "Question: The populations that live in the same area form this? Answer: a community", "output": [ "All of the populations that live in the same area make up a community . The community that includes the goldfish population also includes the populations of other fish, coral and other organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa5c60a71e7d4015a03baa66c2c11a68", "input": "Question: What type of boiling point do nonmetals normally have? Answer: low", "output": [ "Properties of nonmetals include a relatively low boiling point, so many nonmetals are gases. Nonmetals are also poor conductors of heat, and solid nonmetals are dull and brittle." ] }, { "id": "task593-51218557d38d4bab8ceb397147659daf", "input": "Question: The environment where most chemical reactions in organisms takes place consists mostly of what? Answer: water", "output": [ "Most chemical reactions in organisms take place in an environment that is mostly water." ] }, { "id": "task593-86c16b30ac7f451a94267e0dff4c679a", "input": "Question: Mutations cannot be passed on to offspring if they occur in what type of cells? Answer: body cells", "output": [ "Mutations that occur in body cells cannot be passed on to offspring. They are confined to just one cell and its daughter cells. These mutations may have little effect on an organism." ] }, { "id": "task593-897261cd08d4477abec0a626a7412c47", "input": "Question: How do reptiles typically reproduce? Answer: sexually", "output": [ "Reptiles typically reproduce sexually and lay eggs." ] }, { "id": "task593-9fb1b1c74c5b44468380ee24f4e7f352", "input": "Question: What process enables all living things to maintain a constant internal environment? Answer: homeostasis", "output": [ "All living things are able to maintain a constant internal environment through homeostasis." ] }, { "id": "task593-94ec906557bd4b70b7c4af4580d78a91", "input": "Question: What structures include the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes? Answer: reproductive", "output": [ "Female reproductive structures include the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes." ] }, { "id": "task593-60ba30e8d0324b8a87f0b6bdeecdb7d6", "input": "Question: Steel, bronze, and brass are examples of what? Answer: alloys", "output": [ "Pure metals may be less useful than mixtures of metals, called alloys. Examples of alloys include steel, bronze, and brass." ] }, { "id": "task593-bc558e1a78cc441c82c3a4402c30401d", "input": "Question: What is the source of most electricity? Answer: coal", "output": [ "Coal is the source of most electricity." ] }, { "id": "task593-66e19dfbf3504717b418079cdcc54931", "input": "Question: The intermolecular structure of what has spaces that are not present in liquid water? Answer: ice", "output": [ "The intermolecular structure of ice has spaces that are not present in liquid water." ] }, { "id": "task593-70ee2d508dd746efbc2a4cf5b5959487", "input": "Question: Gibbs free energy values can be used to determine what? Answer: equilibrium constants", "output": [ "Gibbs free energy values can be used to determine equilibrium constants." ] }, { "id": "task593-882844abecdc443d80a7b42805f2f4e2", "input": "Question: At what point during a chemical reaction is there no net change? Answer: equilibrium", "output": [ "Most chemical reactions reach equilibrium at which point there is no net change." ] }, { "id": "task593-a0fe466d809d4f4d8910c3254702a463", "input": "Question: How does the number of protons compare to the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom? Answer: they are equal", "output": [ "In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-3089185a2da443729fc9c2e401791f46", "input": "Question: What part of the body are eggs formed in? Answer: ovaries", "output": [ "Eggs form in the ovaries. After puberty, an egg is released from an ovary each month in the process of ovulation. The egg passes through the fallopian tube where fertilization may take place." ] }, { "id": "task593-da1442af7b7c42b5a63c975221dbb00e", "input": "Question: Why do hummingbirds have long narrow bills? Answer: to reach the nectar at the bottom of flowers", "output": [ "dome-shaped plug of thick lava that cools near the vent of a volcano." ] }, { "id": "task593-39c6a825961c4ffe9f79173556c970aa", "input": "Question: Which type of joints do not allow any movement of the bones? Answer: fixed", "output": [ "The skull has fixed joints. Fixed joints do not allow any movement of the bones, which protects the brain from injury." ] }, { "id": "task593-bbbb87fbed2341e4984058e59e81f18e", "input": "Question: What is the name of the two metalloids in the carbon group called? Answer: silicon and germanium", "output": [ "Group 14 is called the carbon group. This group contains two metalloids: silicon and germanium. Carbon is a nonmetal, and the remaining elements in this group are metals." ] }, { "id": "task593-307d15daf8fe4fdcbbb6265d8f09fee6", "input": "Question: Microevolution occuring and taking place over many generations results in? Answer: macroevolution", "output": [ "Macroevolution occurs over geologic time above the level of the species. The fossil record reflects this level of evolution. It results from microevolution taking place over many generations." ] }, { "id": "task593-d899d15b4ae9490e8c7a8d0a2e630c88", "input": "Question: Skeletal and muscular are examples of what type of system? Answer: organ system", "output": [ "Organs are organized into organ systems such as the skeletal and muscular systems." ] }, { "id": "task593-0f967bffc9414ff7b27be3f702339451", "input": "Question: What is the layer above the mesophere called? Answer: stratosphere", "output": [ "The mesosphere is the layer above the stratosphere. It rises to about 85 kilometers (53 miles) above the surface. Temperature decreases with altitude in this layer." ] }, { "id": "task593-72ab7481419c4b59980eef0b6edafa3e", "input": "Question: The cell wall of plants is made up of a complex carbohydrate that is a polymer of what sugar? Answer: glucose", "output": [ "complex carbohydrate that is a polymer of glucose and that makes up the cell wall of plants." ] }, { "id": "task593-a17bac7e2be448b4930c8a321820ec8f", "input": "Question: What is the exchange of gases between the body and outside air? Answer: respiration", "output": [ "Respiration is the exchange of gases between the body and the outside air." ] }, { "id": "task593-3b63de904daf4ddba7ab1bce1b83a475", "input": "Question: Like all chordates, vertebrates are animals with four defining traits, at least during which stage? Answer: embryonic", "output": [ "Like all chordates, vertebrates are animals with four defining traits, at least during the embryonic stage. The four traits are:." ] }, { "id": "task593-3485520c4bab43c0a84fd1e5ad50310f", "input": "Question: Methyl groups are found within what? Answer: amino acids", "output": [ "Methyl groups are found within amino acids." ] }, { "id": "task593-e321a10618ba4252bd54999f4f0fec71", "input": "Question: What body system consists of organs that break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste? Answer: digestive system", "output": [ "The digestive system consists of organs that break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste." ] }, { "id": "task593-787b1d3c12164847bc42ea5d859cf4ab", "input": "Question: What is a circuit that consists of one loop called? Answer: series circuit", "output": [ "A circuit that consists of one loop is called a series circuit. If its single loop is interrupted at any point, no current can flow through the circuit." ] }, { "id": "task593-27fe48b4022542c4934c4069b7a900bb", "input": "Question: What are mass, volume, and length an example of? Answer: extensive properties", "output": [ "Extensive properties vary according to the amount of matter present. Examples of extensive properties include mass, volume, and length." ] }, { "id": "task593-4b2db2ca3b4a4db089444a079f177299", "input": "Question: Where do most biochemical reactions take place? Answer: within cells", "output": [ "Most biochemical reactions take place within cells. Cells are the microscopic building blocks of organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-fbaec637b39e4c92af6430db8d8a20b6", "input": "Question: What is defined as a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time? Answer: evolution", "output": [ "One idea is that evolution happens. Evolution is a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time. Living things have changed as descendants diverged from common ancestors in the past." ] }, { "id": "task593-6b86c8cb6a3f4f03aaac71fcbc48eb0f", "input": "Question: In which stage do chromosomes line up one on top of each other along the middle of the cell, similar to how they line up in mitosis? Answer: metaphase ii", "output": [ "Metaphase II: The chromosomes line up one on top of each other along the middle of the cell, similar to how they line up in mitosis. The spindle is attached to the centromere of each chromosome." ] }, { "id": "task593-872edd715f4c4243ad36482758dd5487", "input": "Question: What is the atomic number of magnesium? Answer: 12", "output": [ "REVIEW QUESTIONS 2. Magnesium has an atomic number of 12. Which of the following statements is true of a neutral magnesium atom? a." ] }, { "id": "task593-385cb72d1aba4180abdcebf8d292c381", "input": "Question: The heterotroph eats only or mainly what? Answer: plants", "output": [ "heterotroph that eats only or mainly plants." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d424099cd494cff9ddd2355d4ddc4f0", "input": "Question: An object's energy due to motion is known as? Answer: kinetic energy", "output": [ "An object’s kinetic energy is the energy due to motion. Kinetic energy can be defined mathematically as." ] }, { "id": "task593-e38d1b6718f64543a2a2f536324b56d3", "input": "Question: In what type of climate might one find deciduous trees? Answer: humid continental", "output": [ "Deciduous trees are common in humid continental climates. Conifer forests grow in the subarctic." ] }, { "id": "task593-ede864b6f7174509bfd770b91b4de7b2", "input": "Question: Exposure to what causes skin color to darken? Answer: sunlight", "output": [ "Skin color darkens when exposed to the sun." ] }, { "id": "task593-c215660483134f07ba3499b72d19e469", "input": "Question: The location of an object in a frame of reference is called what? Answer: position", "output": [ "The location of an object in a frame of reference is called position." ] }, { "id": "task593-b520f70930974b83b3282b021c919b5d", "input": "Question: What are used as model organisms in molecular biology and genetics? Answer: cellular slime molds", "output": [ "Cellular slime molds are used as model organisms in molecular biology and genetics. They may be the key to how multicellular organisms evolved. Can you explain why?." ] }, { "id": "task593-03cd91ced2144f6d8fb460a2ea5deead", "input": "Question: What do you call a specialized type of plant tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant? Answer: vascular tissue", "output": [ "Vascular seedless plants have vascular tissue, a specialized tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant." ] }, { "id": "task593-109efb38298c4c14a06de972b4f328cd", "input": "Question: Cells with different functions often differ in what physical property? Answer: shape", "output": [ "Cells come in many different shapes. Cells with different functions often have different shapes." ] }, { "id": "task593-b9ea93aea8a64519b5ec4810f20f37a6", "input": "Question: What is an insect's hard outer exoskeleton made out of? Answer: chitin", "output": [ "Figure 3.11 Insects have a hard outer exoskeleton made of chitin, a type of polysaccharide. (credit: Louise Docker)." ] }, { "id": "task593-8ee1f94d942f40149f5eb2f9086fbc00", "input": "Question: Major exchange pools of carbon include organisms and what else? Answer: the atmosphere", "output": [ "Major exchange pools of carbon include organisms and the atmosphere. Carbon cycles more quickly between these components of the carbon cycle." ] }, { "id": "task593-a60f5c0bb9e64ca7a4796ee57ec5a532", "input": "Question: Isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of what? Answer: neutrons", "output": [ "Isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-efe1a48dc9ea4569b518b2b25dabeb9b", "input": "Question: What physical process occurs when large chunks of food are broken down into smaller pieces? Answer: mechanical digestion", "output": [ "Mechanical digestion occurs when large chunks of food are broken down into smaller pieces. This is a physical process that happens mainly in the mouth and stomach." ] }, { "id": "task593-b81689804a0c479cb90632cd0e6edb6c", "input": "Question: Intensity is defined to be the power per unit area carried by a what? Answer: wave", "output": [ "Intensity is defined to be the power per unit area carried by a wave. Power is the rate at which energy is transferred by the wave. In equation form, intensity I is." ] }, { "id": "task593-a3e83a1b501441efaf15cf9b0542eda3", "input": "Question: What are lipids' function in relation to nerves? Answer: protection", "output": [ "Lipids are nutrients, such as fats that store energy. Lipids also have several other roles in the body. For example, lipids protect nerves and make up the membranes that surround cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-2ae2bee9d77243ce806bfb4303c7a81e", "input": "Question: What measures the force of gravity pulling on an object? Answer: weight", "output": [ "Weight measures the force of gravity pulling on an object. The SI unit for weight is the Newton (N)." ] }, { "id": "task593-e4759b12fe2a4111bfb4b1e9d810adc8", "input": "Question: What state occurs when the amount of solute dissolved exceeds the solubility? Answer: supersaturation", "output": [ "supersaturated : When the amount of solute dissolved exceeds the solubility. Occurs when a solution is saturated and the temperature slowly drops." ] }, { "id": "task593-2b66a9bfaa894d73bea66538771d025c", "input": "Question: Cow manure can have a second life as a source of what gas? Answer: methane", "output": [ "Cow manure can have a second life as a source of methane gas, which can be converted to electricity. Not only that food scraps can also be converted into green energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-01501b9053f64207a9e8573357f54e00", "input": "Question: Magma can be created when temperature rises, pressure lowers, or what else is added? Answer: water", "output": [ "Magma can be created when temperature rises, pressure lowers, or water is added." ] }, { "id": "task593-f56c501a50554dc0a52b2615b5468f04", "input": "Question: What do you call the illness that occurs when harmful bacteria enter the digestive system in food? Answer: food poisoning", "output": [ "illness that occurs when harmful bacteria enter the digestive system in food; commonly called food poisoning." ] }, { "id": "task593-90e12d4eb5274ff29e7802f60ad35074", "input": "Question: The calvin cycle and light reactions are the two stages of what process? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "Photosynthesis occurs in two stages, called the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Figure below sums up what happens in these two stages. Both stages are described below." ] }, { "id": "task593-9e534260ce214b32b756fd9fb39fb71c", "input": "Question: Water seeping into the ground is known as? Answer: infiltration", "output": [ "Infiltration is the process by which water soaks into the ground. Some of the water may seep deep underground. Some may stay in the soil, where plants can absorb it with their roots." ] }, { "id": "task593-69c8b2d9210841ad9098a09cfb06f225", "input": "Question: What kind of molecule is made from one or more long chains of amino acids? Answer: protein molecule", "output": [ "A protein molecule is made from one or more long chains of amino acids, each linked to its neighbors by covalent bonds. Multiple chains of a protein are held together by weaker bonds." ] }, { "id": "task593-8ffaa6e64d974a67af3e885f03c4fb26", "input": "Question: What is the star-like structure inside the paramecia? Answer: the contractile vacuole", "output": [ "The contractile vacuole is the star-like structure within the paramecia." ] }, { "id": "task593-a057ad4b28324c039276567cb3469acd", "input": "Question: The corona surrounds which major object in our solar system? Answer: the sun", "output": [ "The corona is the halo around the Sun." ] }, { "id": "task593-a45f3c8d2d264332a75760aa2855d8ea", "input": "Question: Speed takes distance and what else into account? Answer: time", "output": [ "Speed just takes distance and time into account. How might direction be considered as well?." ] }, { "id": "task593-2e90c6f81d9e4520a87a28f9d7c83fc4", "input": "Question: Scientists did not actually see viruses until what was invented? Answer: electron microscope", "output": [ "Scientists did not actually see viruses for the first time until the 1930s. That’s when the electron microscope was invented. The virus shown in Figure below was the first one to be seen." ] }, { "id": "task593-5ca13771a40c424881aae9c522115062", "input": "Question: What is the strength of an earthquake called? Answer: magnitude", "output": [ "Earthquake: What Does Magnitude Mean? at http://www. livescience. com/20538-earthquake-magnitude-video. html (2:00)." ] }, { "id": "task593-8018711741024570aee6fb639508bc89", "input": "Question: What is the outer core made of? Answer: liquid metal", "output": [ "Yes! The outer core, anyway. The outer core is liquid metal, like in this photo. Of course, the metal is under an incredible amount of pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-eab3d8375f2748519174f6f9eae4e39b", "input": "Question: What type energy sources emit fewer or no greenhouse gases? Answer: renewable", "output": [ "New technologies can be developed. Renewable energy sources emit fewer or no greenhouse gases. These sources are discussed in the chapter Natural Resources ." ] }, { "id": "task593-10c71cc9eae24c7482ffdc345c2a2a79", "input": "Question: What is a controlled scientific study of specific variables called? Answer: experiment", "output": [ "An experiment is a controlled scientific study of specific variables. A variable is a factor that can take on different values." ] }, { "id": "task593-7dd747bfc8374575a172a421f963052a", "input": "Question: The testes produce sperm and secrete what? Answer: testosterone", "output": [ "The testes produce sperm and secrete testosterone." ] }, { "id": "task593-aaaf9bc5d464444e8e227b785b9c02f1", "input": "Question: What form do biofuels take that makes them very useful? Answer: liquid", "output": [ "Biofuels are useful because they are liquid. Biofuels can go into a gas tank unlike many other types of alternative energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-6e9a80defe394e83b63e3bdcb18db371", "input": "Question: What is the breakdown of unstable elements into stable elements called? Answer: radioactive decay", "output": [ "Radioactive decay is the breakdown of unstable elements into stable elements. To understand this process, recall that the atoms of all elements contain the particles protons, neutrons, and electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-bf86a8c4177d40c38d73820d436f486f", "input": "Question: When a liquid is heated, molecules with enough kinetic energy escape the liquid and become what? Answer: vapor", "output": [ "Kinetic energy distribution curves for a liquid at two temperatures T 1 and T 2 . The shaded area is the molecules with enough kinetic energy to escape the liquid and become vapor." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4288ff8f23b475abc03e4113e579f5b", "input": "Question: What type of young do scorpions produce? Answer: live", "output": [ "Unlike the majority of arachnids, scorpions produce live young. The young are carried about on the mother’s back until they have molted at least once. They reach an age of between four to 25 years." ] }, { "id": "task593-65be2fe260f34e188702d50409c413b9", "input": "Question: What determines how strongly an atom attracts electrons to itself? Answer: electronegativity", "output": [ "The electronegativity of an atom determines how strongly it attracts electrons to itself." ] }, { "id": "task593-a7c2aa14f58b4c76888645944006fdbd", "input": "Question: Many innovative farming methods can prevent what type of erosion, which is especially important in agriculture? Answer: soil erosion", "output": [ "There are many farming methods that help prevent soil erosion." ] }, { "id": "task593-63cf46c916cd4202aff15616557e2b1e", "input": "Question: The length that an object has travelled in one or multiple directions can also be called what? Answer: distance", "output": [ "The length traveled by an object moving in any direction or even changing direction is called distance." ] }, { "id": "task593-5efe3a308ef44c1080de55e64ad7e61d", "input": "Question: Harmful instances of what can result in errors in protein sequence that yield non-functional proteins? Answer: mutation", "output": [ "Harmful mutations can result in errors in protein sequence, creating partially or completely non-functional proteins." ] }, { "id": "task593-a7d974ed4b9144c4aa50cf6dc2cfbd54", "input": "Question: Red giants are stars that fuse what element into larger atoms? Answer: helium", "output": [ "When stars fuse helium into larger atoms, they become red giants." ] }, { "id": "task593-644267990f1d41088fbd8e125723ce44", "input": "Question: Amino acids are made by which kind of plastid? Answer: leucoplasts", "output": [ "Leucoplasts are plastids that store substances such as starch or make small molecules such as amino acids." ] }, { "id": "task593-0e683abb54724bfcb6356c8ab7597377", "input": "Question: Aquatic biomes are determined mainly by distance from shore and what other factor? Answer: depth of water", "output": [ "Aquatic biomes are determined mainly by depth of water and distance from shore. They include freshwater and marine biomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-3b3f199745fc49e2933138e9fb6c4708", "input": "Question: What mammalian feature serves functions such as filtration and keeping the body warm? Answer: hair", "output": [ "Hair serves many functions such as acting as a filter and keeping the body warm." ] }, { "id": "task593-28a28cb482a0450080c56f12465b9f89", "input": "Question: Large or small numbers are expressed in scientific notation, which use powers of this? Answer: 10", "output": [ "Large or small numbers are expressed in scientific notation, which use powers of 10." ] }, { "id": "task593-958afdc3aeeb4ebfbd36f4fc79abde5a", "input": "Question: While matter is recycled, ecosystems need a constant input of what? Answer: energy", "output": [ "In all biomes, ecosystems need a constant input of energy. Matter, on the other hand, is constantly recycled in ecosystems." ] }, { "id": "task593-96ab40526a60430794f411b6beb7f7a0", "input": "Question: What is the term for much bigger evolutionary changes that result in new species? Answer: macroevolution", "output": [ "Macroevolution refers to much bigger evolutionary changes that result in new species. Macroevolution may happen:." ] }, { "id": "task593-98cbb27e1204413aa5174219157489e0", "input": "Question: Splitting the nucleus of an atom produces a massive amount of what type of energy? Answer: nuclear energy", "output": [ "Nuclear energy is produced by splitting the nucleus of an atom. This releases a huge amount of energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ff7be7798d142b594f2845b7d75c9ba", "input": "Question: What are drilled to monitor groundwater pollution? Answer: test wells", "output": [ "Test wells are drilled to monitor groundwater pollution." ] }, { "id": "task593-2b9cdb30523b480cafe83efb2a86bdb9", "input": "Question: What organic catalysts work by lowering the activation energy needed to start biochemical reactions? Answer: enzymes", "output": [ "Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed to start biochemical reactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-f8cc98a4a8194aa485fcfa769332322a", "input": "Question: On which ridge does iceland sit? Answer: mid-atlantic ridge", "output": [ "Most mid-ocean ridges are located deep below the sea. The island of Iceland sits right on the Mid-Atlantic ridge ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-142a8b7879904b449f4c432fcef9518c", "input": "Question: What is the average kinetic energy of particles of matter? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "Temperature is the average kinetic energy of particles of matter." ] }, { "id": "task593-72110ff8eb834423aaabbe4ee82f5f97", "input": "Question: Earthworms are important deposit feeders that help form and enrich what material? Answer: soil", "output": [ "Earthworms are important deposit feeders that help form and enrich soil." ] }, { "id": "task593-0b288779e90c480983e03bf9d088b348", "input": "Question: Which system does the large and small intestine belong to? Answer: digestive system", "output": [ "Large intestine Removes solid waste and some water in the form of feces. Digestive system." ] }, { "id": "task593-771fdb218bb342878571544958b7102f", "input": "Question: What kind of core does mercury have? Answer: liquid metal", "output": [ "Mercury is extremely hot and has a liquid metal core." ] }, { "id": "task593-037398a2ea3f47e6b6e6ba9eb0e9b200", "input": "Question: What do you call the horizontal stems of a strawberry plant that run over the ground surface? Answer: stolons", "output": [ "Strawberry plants have horizontal stems called stolons that run over the ground surface. If they take root, they form new plants." ] }, { "id": "task593-8dbc8924fc7a4c928175394b07807f18", "input": "Question: What is the simplest unit of structure and function of all living organisms called? Answer: cell", "output": [ "A cell is the simplest unit of structure and function of all living organisms. From the smallest bacteria to the largest whale, all life is made of at least one cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-f25f26b12595477c85bf49746a71cd0b", "input": "Question: What occurs when the bronchioles swell and the muscles around the bronchioles contract? Answer: asthma", "output": [ "Courtesy of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Asthma occurs when the bronchioles swell and the muscles around the bronchioles contract . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-0afd1e9856b04e5c88bd3e46ef1817eb", "input": "Question: Where do plankton, nekton, and benthos live? Answer: in the oceans", "output": [ "Zappy's. Plankton, nekton, and benthos are the three groups of living things in the oceans . CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-d4fd0157fa3d47318ce9533ebfc879cb", "input": "Question: What contain organelles common to other cells, such as a nucleus and mitochondria, and also have more specialized structures, including dendrites and axons? Answer: neurons", "output": [ "Figure 16.19 Neurons contain organelles common to other cells, such as a nucleus and mitochondria. They also have more specialized structures, including dendrites and axons." ] }, { "id": "task593-03d33ebe8e144ac9badf25912ae132f0", "input": "Question: What piece of technology can you use to see infrared light? Answer: night goggles", "output": [ "The human body radiates heat in the range of infrared light. Night goggles work by ‘seeing’ the infrared light emitted by our bodies." ] }, { "id": "task593-7295513116a148e9ac5af9b347acba1a", "input": "Question: All of the living things in an area and the nonliving environment together make up what? Answer: ecosystem", "output": [ "An ecosystem consists of all the living things in a given area, together with the nonliving environment. The nonliving environment includes water, sunlight, and other physical factors." ] }, { "id": "task593-a0528652d2a248d098dafebd715a5d06", "input": "Question: Which types of waves are used for cell phones and radar? Answer: microwaves", "output": [ "Microwaves are used for cell phones and radar." ] }, { "id": "task593-da8a34a103b94f5cae121b7d894b43ae", "input": "Question: The skin is a familiar organ made of what kind of tissue? Answer: epithelial tissue", "output": [ "The skin is a familiar organ made of epithelial tissue." ] }, { "id": "task593-c5b8d09bd36c45dfb22c87a2ba780e25", "input": "Question: What are the light wavelengths that the human eye can detect called? Answer: visible light", "output": [ "Describe hotspots and the volcanic activity they create." ] }, { "id": "task593-4045bf781f454b2b80c10a4e6a28e921", "input": "Question: Intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma slowly in the crust and have large what? Answer: crystals", "output": [ "Intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma slowly in the crust. They have large crystals." ] }, { "id": "task593-5a9d1ff8245e40e9be802ff3306339c6", "input": "Question: What makes soil and rock particles move gradually down the slope during each thaw? Answer: gravity", "output": [ "Hot spots may also be active at plate boundaries. This is especially common at mid-ocean ridges. Iceland is formed by a hot spot along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge." ] }, { "id": "task593-e2c4733ebc624395af9d70ff435a469d", "input": "Question: Regularly done aerobic activities can help build up endurance and make what vital organ stronger? Answer: heart", "output": [ "Tim Wilson. Regularly done aerobic activities can help build up endurance and make the heart stronger . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-74ebd0e732b04d09aa025b6015f28ca1", "input": "Question: Glands release what substance into the blood? Answer: hormones", "output": [ "human body system of glands that release hormones into the blood." ] }, { "id": "task593-05fb041456c44dd69ef7c05509c35aab", "input": "Question: What quality of sound makes a tuba and a piccolo very different to a listener? Answer: pitch", "output": [ "A piccolo and a tuba sound very different. One difference is the pitch of their sounds." ] }, { "id": "task593-9db477d1e7354cf095ca2902e93e11b7", "input": "Question: What type of reproduction is exemplified by starfish and yeasts? Answer: asexual reproduction", "output": [ "Starfish: Flickr:amanderson2; Yeast: Zappy's. Starfish and yeasts are examples of organisms that reproduce asexually . Starfish: CC BY 2.0; Yeast: CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-7433a544e73041d3ac23a2b4ecd77b53", "input": "Question: What appears in autumn when cool air moves over a warm lake? Answer: steam fog", "output": [ "Steam fog appears in autumn when cool air moves over a warm lake. Water evaporates from the lake surface. As the water vapor cools, it condenses. The fog appears like steam." ] }, { "id": "task593-6c567bd4b36d4cdbbb368b8be6b2045a", "input": "Question: What happens to a substance in a liquid state when the temperate is lowed? Answer: it solidifies", "output": [ "Under the right pressure conditions, lowering the temperature of a substance in the liquid state causes the substance to solidify. The opposite effect occurs if the temperature is increased." ] }, { "id": "task593-f0d8f745bc184ceba706cf1b49ebf2b5", "input": "Question: The mass lost in mass defect has gone into energy called what? Answer: binding energy", "output": [ "The mass lost in mass defect has gone into energy that is called binding energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-a8939ae977ec49ed84f320aa90f1a4c9", "input": "Question: If only one atom of a specific type is present what is not used? Answer: subscript", "output": [ "If only one atom of a specific type is present, no subscript is used." ] }, { "id": "task593-087d0ed0560942d1a953faa748df9a9f", "input": "Question: Bees and other wild animals perform what function on flowering plants, making them vital for crop reproduction? Answer: pollenation", "output": [ "Animals, like the bee in Figure below , pollinate flowering plants. Many crop plants depend on pollination by wild animals." ] }, { "id": "task593-a5e5017420424279b5df94ef0b537d19", "input": "Question: What cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction? Answer: matter", "output": [ "Law stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-8371a7bf93324ee9a7dbb72ce58e764e", "input": "Question: What does erosion do to pieces of broken rock? Answer: moves them", "output": [ "Erosion moves the pieces of broken rock." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e5ac18a0b5a48f6898334936abf8b8a", "input": "Question: What atoms make up a water molecule? Answer: hydrogen and oxygen", "output": [ "Water is a compound that forms molecules. Each water molecule consists of two atoms of hydrogen (white) and one atom of oxygen (red)." ] }, { "id": "task593-ad3de9c96acf4b5da6d326b4b1cfe889", "input": "Question: The last two stages of aerobic respiration require what? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "The last two stages of aerobic respiration require oxygen. However, not all organisms live in places where there is a plentiful supply of oxygen." ] }, { "id": "task593-53f60674e29e4f079cca0bf33c80725f", "input": "Question: What is the smallest planet in our solar system? Answer: mercury", "output": [ "Mercury is the smallest planet and the closest to the Sun. It has an extremely thin atmosphere so surface temperatures range from very hot to very cold. Like the Moon, it is covered with craters." ] }, { "id": "task593-54a5c39e3af64bacbea8a229efcb83ea", "input": "Question: What do tadpoles change into? Answer: adult frogs", "output": [ "Tadpoles go through many changes to become adult frogs." ] }, { "id": "task593-40acf2f4d18a4d87acf37c99f411670b", "input": "Question: What causes the particles of medium to move parallel to the direction of the wave? Answer: longitudinal waves", "output": [ "Longitudinal waves cause the particles of medium to move parallel to the direction of the wave." ] }, { "id": "task593-f66d6a1d2e0f4bc2847244204285a4dc", "input": "Question: The role that a particular species plays in its ecosystem is also known as what? Answer: niche", "output": [ "Niche is the role that a particular species plays in its ecosystem. This role includes all the ways that the species interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors in the ecosystem." ] }, { "id": "task593-7b44c3d992bc4579b7023db63fb53992", "input": "Question: Producing light without a high temperature is called? Answer: luminescence", "output": [ "Producing light without a high temperature is called luminescence. Types of luminescence include fluorescence, electroluminescence, and bioluminescence." ] }, { "id": "task593-d4e08a0a7e454910b9519d8e6b1ca8b3", "input": "Question: What process joins two haploid gametes into a diploid zygote? Answer: fertilization", "output": [ "Fertilization joins two haploid gametes into a diploid zygote." ] }, { "id": "task593-61bde6ae1add45d5bab415865a574f83", "input": "Question: Images in what type of mirror are reversed left and right but not reversed top and bottom? Answer: plane mirror", "output": [ "Images in a plane mirror are reversed left and right but not reversed top and bottom." ] }, { "id": "task593-b30fbc75356d4da791ff235befcb4c64", "input": "Question: The process by which leaves collect sunlight and make food is called this? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "The primary function of leaves is to collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-2e918d6bd9fc438bb5af3525db85fd0c", "input": "Question: What type of vents are giant tube worms found at? Answer: hydrothermal", "output": [ "Giant tube worms are found at hydrothermal vents. They get food from the chemosynthetic bacteria that live within them. The bacteria provide food; the worms provide shelter." ] }, { "id": "task593-31f7c01044234bd793d693ddbd8891a0", "input": "Question: What does the vertebral column , or backbone, protect? Answer: spinal cord", "output": [ "The primary feature shared by all vertebrates is the vertebral column , or backbone. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord." ] }, { "id": "task593-abc7114a2b2f4999abed89e7ee77af90", "input": "Question: The first law of thermodynamics deals with the total amount of energy in what? Answer: universe", "output": [ "Only radioactive isotopes have half-lives." ] }, { "id": "task593-a7fee31a9e9847eb8cf8712fd712335d", "input": "Question: The converging of continental plates can form what kind of geological feature? Answer: mountains", "output": [ "When two continental plates converge, they smash together and create mountains." ] }, { "id": "task593-684b5bfc147e43a8b7b767fc088930f8", "input": "Question: What is a measure of both speed and direction of motion? Answer: velocity", "output": [ "Velocity is a measure of both speed and direction of motion. Velocity is a vector, which is a measurement that includes both size and direction." ] }, { "id": "task593-ac624da40cef4cebab242388f9cf4aa0", "input": "Question: Name the process of removing wastes from the body. Answer: excretion", "output": [ "Excretion is the process of removing wastes from the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-83518627a9ac4a0b85118a50a6cb81b1", "input": "Question: What will happen to a rock when it's under tremendous stress? Answer: it will fracture", "output": [ "A rock under enough stress will fracture. There may or may not be movement along the fracture. If there is not movement, the fracture is a joint. If there is movement, the fracture is a fault." ] }, { "id": "task593-132ee951851d412a8aaa5a588685117f", "input": "Question: Archaeans help break down sewage in waste treatment plants, so they fulfill what important role? Answer: decomposer", "output": [ "Like bacteria, archaeans are important decomposers. For example, archaeans help break down sewage in waste treatment plants. As decomposers, they help recycle carbon and nitrogen." ] }, { "id": "task593-afe6fe0b62b9419597582a21798a3d0a", "input": "Question: What is defined as force per unit area? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Pressure is defined as force per unit area, ." ] }, { "id": "task593-8941d28daa31473d828171e18b50cac5", "input": "Question: Soda fizzes when what common gas comes out of solution? Answer: carbon dioxide", "output": [ "Soda fizzes when carbon dioxide comes out of solution. Which do you think will fizz more, warm soda or cold soda?." ] }, { "id": "task593-e0b243b8b05747dab3f9943f1aef845c", "input": "Question: Where do biochemical reactions take place? Answer: inside the organisms' cells", "output": [ "Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7a86e5069ed4bbb8ad88ed656935e21", "input": "Question: What do monotremes have instead of a uterus and vagina? Answer: cloaca", "output": [ "Monotremes have a cloaca instead of a uterus and vagina. The eggs pass through the opening of the cloaca." ] }, { "id": "task593-578759c8ceae4ba3a4d16a256e6c3fa1", "input": "Question: What do we call the energy of motion? Answer: kinetic energy", "output": [ "The energy of motion is called kinetic energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-6735cc494e2940feb487383e415eb2d0", "input": "Question: When heat flows into an object, its thermal energy increases and so does its what? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "When heat flows into an object, its thermal energy increases and so does its temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-505e31649d704f3da8f69fc8b0202090", "input": "Question: What phenomenon is primarily the result of plate tectonic motions? Answer: earthquake", "output": [ "Earthquakes are primarily the result of plate tectonic motions. What type of stress would cause earthquakes at each of the three types of plate boundaries?." ] }, { "id": "task593-81d395b4c5f1491c8370dfd10dd06e27", "input": "Question: What is the second line of defense? Answer: inflammatory response", "output": [ "The second line of defense includes the inflammatory response and phagocytosis by nonspecific leukocytes." ] }, { "id": "task593-a2e3c4bf6dc9442db6721438192f1d06", "input": "Question: What is the term for the use of radioactive decay to estimate the ages of fossils and rock? Answer: radioactive dating", "output": [ "Radioactive dating is the use of radioactive decay to estimate the ages of fossils and rocks. An example is carbon-14 dating." ] }, { "id": "task593-1026034318a84bb7b4a76df593b82570", "input": "Question: Where do most of the digestion reactions occur? Answer: small intestine", "output": [ "Most of the digestion reactions occur in the small intestine." ] }, { "id": "task593-eedd48966f06440695817ca1b6c4f297", "input": "Question: Molds and yeasts are organisms in what kingdom? Answer: fungus", "output": [ "Fungi are eukaryotes in the Fungus Kingdom. Fungi include molds, which are multicellular, and yeasts, which are single-celled." ] }, { "id": "task593-22b9d075403f4015b62112a34c15ffbc", "input": "Question: What is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place? Answer: competition", "output": [ "Competition is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place. The resources might be food, water, or space. There are two different types of competition:." ] }, { "id": "task593-314571e3312d4bc886db3ea35afaea23", "input": "Question: Which theory explains how materials can collide and become new materials? Answer: collision theory", "output": [ "Collision theory explains how materials can collide and become new materials." ] }, { "id": "task593-dd763ea2a3fd4e5ab3ec64922705d6b0", "input": "Question: Gaseous nitrogen is converted into forms that can be used by plants during a process called what? Answer: nitrogen fixation", "output": [ "Gaseous nitrogen is converted into forms that can be used by plants during the process of nitrogen fixation." ] }, { "id": "task593-86d2af7a3280429eae94dbcbf02c49a0", "input": "Question: What burns to produce the white light in fireworks displays? Answer: magnesium in air", "output": [ "The white light in fireworks displays is produced by burning magnesium in air, which contains oxygen. What compound is formed?." ] }, { "id": "task593-21f61c1eb34849a0a3d922fe98312c03", "input": "Question: Glaciers are incredibly powerful agents of what? Answer: erosion", "output": [ "Glaciers are incredibly powerful agents of erosion." ] }, { "id": "task593-14928f3202d84776b4cfdca430ed7e95", "input": "Question: What is made up of the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum? Answer: the outer ear", "output": [ "The outer ear includes the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum. These structures gather sound waves, funnel them into the ear, and pass the vibrations to the middle ear." ] }, { "id": "task593-6477c6d6ef854638ad73dff793bd41b2", "input": "Question: What is the second most common type of cancer in both men and women? Answer: lung", "output": [ "In both men and women, the second most common type of cancer is lung cancer. Most cases of lung cancer develop in people who smoke." ] }, { "id": "task593-5faa7b8300284e5d87cf3442083ff759", "input": "Question: What is the name for the study of the plants and animals that live in fresh water bodies ? Answer: limnology", "output": [ "Limnology is the study of the plants and animals that live in fresh water bodies. A lake has zones just like the ocean. The ecosystem of a lake is divided into three distinct zones ( Figure below ):." ] }, { "id": "task593-0b4c70c995c64358b9e64bb5da4ef12c", "input": "Question: The sum of the masses of the atoms in the formula is referred to as what? Answer: molecular mass", "output": [ "The molecular mass is the sum of the masses of the atoms in the formula." ] }, { "id": "task593-12822b8ef54e40058520a37034abc985", "input": "Question: What is the process by which the egg is fertilized by the pollen of the same flower? Answer: self pollination", "output": [ "In self-pollination , the egg is fertilized by the pollen of the same flower." ] }, { "id": "task593-4a18b52861ba4eae80cecb66ba77698a", "input": "Question: What type of animals breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults? Answer: amphibians", "output": [ "Amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults. They have a three-chambered heart and relatively complex nervous system." ] }, { "id": "task593-009f1d495d3c4ee7a7a11c8ad292290c", "input": "Question: What would you call a relationship where the bacteria benefit and and the other organism is harmed? Answer: parasitism", "output": [ "Other bacteria are parasitic and can cause illness. In parasitism , the bacteria benefit, and the other organism is harmed. Harmful bacteria will be discussed in another concept." ] }, { "id": "task593-1eb75b6aaa944bdcadb5da1f84d62155", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe cells without a nucleus? Answer: prokaryotic", "output": [ "Prokaryotic cells are cells without a nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-d3bf721054f549cf9bb98468e6341124", "input": "Question: Topographic maps have a horizontal scale to indicate what distances? Answer: horizontal", "output": [ "Topographic maps have a horizontal scale to indicate horizontal distances." ] }, { "id": "task593-5eab5781104d4ee8b86ce2251701bc92", "input": "Question: Capacitors can be used to filter out low frequencies. for example, a capacitor in series with a sound reproduction system rids it of the 60 hz what? Answer: hum", "output": [ "the current. Capacitors can be used to filter out low frequencies. For example, a capacitor in series with a sound reproduction system rids it of the 60 Hz hum." ] }, { "id": "task593-2208a5178ee24ab0bfbaf334be9229cb", "input": "Question: Newly duplicated chromosomes are divided into two daughter nuclei during what stage? Answer: mitosis", "output": [ "During mitosis, the newly duplicated chromosomes are divided into two daughter nuclei." ] }, { "id": "task593-55a7b9c4d4bf4ca8a9794cbe8cf82cc9", "input": "Question: What are found in moist forests that break down decaying plant material? Answer: myriapoda", "output": [ "Myriapoda are usually found in moist forests, where they break down decaying plant material." ] }, { "id": "task593-090df63c2e64438cb788f4d8bcbdd0fc", "input": "Question: The magnitude of the momentum vector is the product of what two properties? Answer: mass and speed", "output": [ "Momentum is a vector that points in the direction of the velocity vector. The magnitude of this vector is the product of mass and speed." ] }, { "id": "task593-baa43e01a19647b99c2fce30cfe41e5a", "input": "Question: In what form is most of the earth's freshwater? Answer: frozen", "output": [ "Oceans of salt water cover much of Earth’s surface. Freshwater is water that contains little or no salt. Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen in ice caps and glaciers." ] }, { "id": "task593-b08b06f79e154ef7a01458d9815ca21b", "input": "Question: The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on what two factors? Answer: mass and velocity", "output": [ "The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and velocity. It can be calculated with the equation: ." ] }, { "id": "task593-689c4282b7c64aba921de7f6ae4150ae", "input": "Question: Processes in which matter changes between liquid and solid states are freezing and? Answer: melting", "output": [ "Processes in which matter changes between liquid and solid states are freezing and melting." ] }, { "id": "task593-39e9d8ea1f3440918d2e091d2e1aa16a", "input": "Question: An atom that gains or loses electrons is called what? Answer: ion", "output": [ "An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion." ] }, { "id": "task593-43d14737f6f042c4855c8368d337ecc7", "input": "Question: What are decomposers that feed on the organic matter left over from other decomposers? Answer: saprotrophs", "output": [ "Saprotrophs are decomposers that feed on any remaining organic matter that is left after other decomposers do their work. Examples of saprotrophs include fungi and protozoa." ] }, { "id": "task593-f436c95d8eee42a6bb362b4288a60e41", "input": "Question: Radiometric dating methods, such as carbon-14 dating depend on what type of decay? Answer: radioactive", "output": [ "The age of a rock in years is its absolute age. The main evidence for absolute age comes from radiometric dating methods, such as carbon-14 dating. These methods depend on radioactive decay." ] }, { "id": "task593-b07e6c0448ab4a4eb6fc49daa35c4d30", "input": "Question: Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi are part of which system? Answer: respiratory", "output": [ "The organs of the respiratory system include the lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi." ] }, { "id": "task593-710448e4a48e43648793c320bc6698bc", "input": "Question: One of the earliest air pumps was made by? Answer: robert boyle", "output": [ "One of the earliest air pumps was made by Robert Boyle. The figure below is a diagram of his early pump." ] }, { "id": "task593-8ccbd99f116f4466b0490b1b3195703e", "input": "Question: Changes in the number of what can lead to disorders like down syndrome? Answer: chromosomes", "output": [ "Changes in chromosome number can lead to disorders like Down syndrome." ] }, { "id": "task593-4fef3cb12c724e4890ea332e821aa5e5", "input": "Question: Where do two or more bones of the skeleton meet? Answer: joints", "output": [ "Joints are places where two or more bones of the skeleton meet. With the help of muscles, joints allow the body to move with relatively little force. Some joints can move more than others." ] }, { "id": "task593-2b2f12827457449aa931af45012af9ee", "input": "Question: What is the process where light bounces back from surfaces that it cannot pass through? Answer: reflection", "output": [ "Reflection of light occurs when light bounces back from a surface that it cannot pass through. If the surface is very smooth, the reflected light forms an image." ] }, { "id": "task593-30b4e7c199d0493a9c45074b5d2f443d", "input": "Question: What are the proteins called that speed up biochemical reactions in cells? Answer: enzymes", "output": [ "Enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions in cells. Antibodies are proteins that target pathogens for destruction." ] }, { "id": "task593-936b19e1ce9f40aea8bb0aebab1eaf0a", "input": "Question: How many underlying principles does the science of biology have? Answer: four", "output": [ "Four underlying principles form the basis of biology. They are cell theory, gene theory, homeostasis, and evolution." ] }, { "id": "task593-8958439679584d419592e6f7932f4f34", "input": "Question: Carboxylic acids have an acidic hydrogen atom, but esters do not. what do esters have in place of an acidic hydrogen atom? Answer: hydrocarbon group", "output": [ "Unlike ethers, esters have a carbonyl group. Unlike carboxylic acids, esters have no acidic hydrogen atom; they have a hydrocarbon group in its place." ] }, { "id": "task593-cdf0591bcfdb4579b5b673d1baab96eb", "input": "Question: The process of the cytoplasm splitting apart and the cell pinching in two is known as what? Answer: cytokinesis", "output": [ "The cell wall grows toward the center of the cell. The cytoplasm splits apart, and the cell pinches in two. This is called cytokinesis ." ] }, { "id": "task593-f2f05864cb93463bbde3d9e32a3c40db", "input": "Question: Acidity is measured by what physical property? Answer: ph", "output": [ "A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that has the same composition throughout. Some solutions are acids, some are bases." ] }, { "id": "task593-914d86a9406e42e6936e48f6e9f7c910", "input": "Question: What kind of charge do electrons have? Answer: negative", "output": [ "electrons, which have a negative electric charge." ] }, { "id": "task593-2f56ae94372a441cb1681642cd21048d", "input": "Question: What is the term for the wavelengths of light humans can see? Answer: visible light", "output": [ "Visible light is the wavelengths of light humans can see." ] }, { "id": "task593-f2ec7814ab0c47b2b01acac317b4de44", "input": "Question: What are the mass of threadlike filaments on the body of a fungus called? Answer: hyphae", "output": [ "body of a fungus that consists of a mass of threadlike filaments called hyphae." ] }, { "id": "task593-839821433b184477870d3f0cd07269e9", "input": "Question: Unlike the passive form, the sodium-potassium pump uses what type of transport? Answer: active", "output": [ "Mariana Ruiz Villarreal (User:LadyofHats/Wikimedia Commons), modified by Hana Zavadska. The sodium-potassium pump uses active transport . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-444e4b69146d451c932f5deaac9335a4", "input": "Question: What is produced when haploid gametes fuse in sexual reproduction? Answer: diploid zygote", "output": [ "Fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell. In sexual reproduction, haploid gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote." ] }, { "id": "task593-c3cbca460f0d424cbc580757cddff6e8", "input": "Question: The rock of the mantle is mostly what? Answer: peridotite", "output": [ "The rock of the mantle is mostly peridotite. Peridotite is formed of crystals of olivine (green) and pyroxene (black)." ] }, { "id": "task593-b826d48e7cf841d087eca453ff9901a2", "input": "Question: The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion in two dimensions is a what? Answer: parabola", "output": [ "The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion in two dimensions is a parabola." ] }, { "id": "task593-01a0b223e1ef4bcbbe38ae1839ba0609", "input": "Question: What can damage the hair cells lining the cochlea of the inner ear? Answer: loud sounds", "output": [ "Loud sounds can damage the hair cells lining the cochlea of the inner ear. Explain how this might affect the ability to hear sound." ] }, { "id": "task593-073625fffe7c4b4e97b5c129983b456a", "input": "Question: In which organ are bile acids made Answer: liver", "output": [ "Bile salts are bile acids that help to break down fat. Bile acids are made in the liver. When you eat a meal, bile is secreted into the intestine, where it breaks down the fats ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-808f3eac032540769ac870b75b73c7e5", "input": "Question: What is another term for a hand lens? Answer: magnifying glass", "output": [ "An example of a lens is a hand lens, also called a magnifying glass. This type of lens makes objects look bigger than they really are. How do you think this happens?." ] }, { "id": "task593-523565cbefe14a09aa7232d80e1b87d4", "input": "Question: Carbohydrates are an important group of biological molecules that includes sugars and these? Answer: starches", "output": [ "Carbohydrates are an important group of biological molecules that includes sugars and starches." ] }, { "id": "task593-91cc12776b5c41d8a9addf7d1013b569", "input": "Question: Cooling or evaporation of what from the sea surface makes surface water dense? Answer: fresh water", "output": [ "Cooling or evaporation of fresh water from the sea surface makes surface water dense. This causes the surface water to undergo downwelling." ] }, { "id": "task593-2243d0735776410f9d418f1603db9aab", "input": "Question: Electronegativity is a qualitative measure of how much an atom attracts what in a covalent bond? Answer: electrons", "output": [ "Electronegativity is a qualitative measure of how much an atom attracts electrons in a covalent bond." ] }, { "id": "task593-32d09f0a97254cdaaac447468ff528b1", "input": "Question: What do you call a reaction that consumes energy as it is carried out? Answer: endothermic", "output": [ "The exothermic reaction on the left releases energy. The endothermic reaction on the right consumes energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-b666cac1cd2c446f9f228efe96bb1bd5", "input": "Question: Where are hotspot volcanoes commonly found? Answer: the ocean", "output": [ "Hotspot volcanoes are better able to penetrate oceanic crust than continental crust. We see many more hotspot volcanoes in the oceans." ] }, { "id": "task593-b326f7f5178f4129a29e6e65b47e36f2", "input": "Question: What prevents soil erosion on a hillside that is being farmed? Answer: terracing", "output": [ "Although the hillside is interesting, that's not why this was done. Terracing prevents soil erosion on a hillside that is being farmed. Many techniques can be utilized to reduce soil erosion." ] }, { "id": "task593-b2fb4fbdf06d4e3eb1314d26313913d1", "input": "Question: What are the two main divisions of the human nervous system? Answer: central and peripheral", "output": [ "The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system has additional divisions." ] }, { "id": "task593-7fad13d8a8b34e6bbcaa8e500de6e84e", "input": "Question: What is the term for volcanic mudflows? Answer: lahars", "output": [ "Mudflows or lahars, which are volcanic mudflows, are mass movements that contain a lot of water." ] }, { "id": "task593-84f70807da9440f5bfb4bd217b972118", "input": "Question: Who lack some of the defining traits of chordates? Answer: adult humans", "output": [ "Adult humans lack some of the defining traits of chordates. Why are humans still classified in the chordate phylum?." ] }, { "id": "task593-f2ab2447d941490e9e5612701e68d22f", "input": "Question: What type of simple inheritance is too simplified to explain most human traits? Answer: mendelian", "output": [ "Most human traits have more complex modes of inheritance than simple Mendelian inheritance. For example, the traits may be controlled by multiple alleles or multiple genes." ] }, { "id": "task593-7b1c0dac6a4741ee83469d6780f7b9fe", "input": "Question: What is the term for the process in which two atomic nuclei fuse together to make a single nucleus? Answer: fusion", "output": [ "Fusion is the process in which two atomic nuclei fuse together to make a single nucleus. Energy is released in the form of nuclear particles, neutrons, and gamma-rays." ] }, { "id": "task593-ef3eea38f35846f5ab8b93e0962a01c2", "input": "Question: What is the common measure of how hot or cold something is? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter. In everyday usage, temperature is how hot or cold an object is." ] }, { "id": "task593-7d61e90125fb4c3a8ecb13f6bc5de7c9", "input": "Question: Where do benthos live in oceans? Answer: on the ocean floor", "output": [ "Three main groups of ocean life are plankton, nekton, and benthos. Plankton float in the water. Nekton swim through the water. Benthos live on the ocean floor." ] }, { "id": "task593-3762ffbbd1154cb990a955f33567071c", "input": "Question: What is another term for joules per second? Answer: watts", "output": [ "Electric energy is measured in joules per second, or watts." ] }, { "id": "task593-5916ea0051c44ae19c7ce8a3dce7ac1e", "input": "Question: What term describes a colloidal dispersion of a liquid in either a liquid or a solid? Answer: emulsion", "output": [ "An emulsion is a colloidal dispersion of a liquid in either a liquid or a solid." ] }, { "id": "task593-183647dcff3645c5867e4aad991ecc36", "input": "Question: What plastid makes and stores other pigments? Answer: chromoplasts", "output": [ "Chromoplasts are plastids that make and store other pigments. The red pigment that colors the flower petals in Figure above was made by chromoplasts." ] }, { "id": "task593-8219f82914f14a94a20f2deb169e7313", "input": "Question: What are the light highlands of the moon called? Answer: terrae", "output": [ "The lunar surface has dark basalt maria. The light highlands are called terrae." ] }, { "id": "task593-ed6ee6cd34ba481fae417f0d33de5193", "input": "Question: Which property changes when a glass breaks? Answer: its physical property", "output": [ "When glass breaks, its physical properties change. Instead of one solid sheet of glass, it now has holes and cracks." ] }, { "id": "task593-03fe4eff509945f7bc2ff833fadaa36d", "input": "Question: What happens to the temperature of matter as light is absorbed? Answer: it increases", "output": [ "http://www. chem. ufl. edu/~itl/2045/lectures/lec_d. html." ] }, { "id": "task593-36e94a2f84a647d2a521545c465af031", "input": "Question: Where do most of the steps of cellular respiration take place? Answer: mitochondria", "output": [ "Most of the steps of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria." ] }, { "id": "task593-70a974dc48274fc7a0356f65b8631c2d", "input": "Question: When gas particles collide, what kinds of collisions are these considered? Answer: elastic", "output": [ "Collisions of gas particles are elastic, so no energy is lost." ] }, { "id": "task593-e25cb5c6aa01493fb5fcd8e12eb978bb", "input": "Question: What happens to the total energy of the system when heat is positive? Answer: it increases", "output": [ "When heat is positive, the total energy of the system is increasing." ] }, { "id": "task593-eabf104d660344afaf6353a74e9f9fe3", "input": "Question: What are the two most abundant elements in the universe? Answer: hydrogen and helium", "output": [ "Hydrogen and helium are the most abundant elements in the universe." ] }, { "id": "task593-d7c10467f0004370af7a762a980fe657", "input": "Question: What is our largest source of energy? Answer: coal", "output": [ "Coal is our largest source of energy for producing electricity." ] }, { "id": "task593-d13abc15ccfe4667b722bd5d7f6f93e3", "input": "Question: The average human body contains 5,830 g of what? Answer: blood", "output": [ "The average human body contains 5,830 g of blood. What mass of arsenic is present in the body if the amount in blood is 0.55 ppm?." ] }, { "id": "task593-ec70e2aa5dcf4af2a28907aef701361e", "input": "Question: What takes both the shape and the volume of their container? Answer: gases", "output": [ "Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container. Gases take both the volume and the shape of their container." ] }, { "id": "task593-f59ab7cf7922433d9dc0f8cbf1bf4172", "input": "Question: Initiation, elongation, and termination are the three steps of what? Answer: transcription", "output": [ "Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. The steps are illustrated in Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ae89f61fe164c9080b26c39dc5eef40", "input": "Question: A crater can usually be found on the top of what kind of volcanoes? Answer: composite", "output": [ "Composite volcanoes usually have craters on the top. Why are the craters sometimes “U” or horseshoe-shaped?." ] }, { "id": "task593-e5caf082ffad46528d2eaf5bedeba96b", "input": "Question: What is the term for the last stage of life before adulthood? Answer: adolescence", "output": [ "For the first year after birth, a baby is called an infant . Childhood begins at age two and continues until adolescence. Adolescence is the last stage of life before adulthood." ] }, { "id": "task593-b2eead67a9af4186aa2f5c50d68400fa", "input": "Question: What is speed at any given instant called? Answer: instantaneous speed", "output": [ "Speed may be constant, but often it varies from moment to moment. Speed at any given instant is called instantaneous speed. It is much more difficult to calculate than average speed." ] }, { "id": "task593-c20ade6e41934261be34557f5e6cd999", "input": "Question: What cellular structure moves molecules between locations inside the cell? Answer: transport vesicles", "output": [ "Transport vesicles are able to move molecules between locations inside the cell. For example, transport vesicles move proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus." ] }, { "id": "task593-df5d894140304b64ab904d3c83001597", "input": "Question: What connects the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system? Answer: nerves", "output": [ "The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nervous tissue that lies outside the central nervous system. It is connected to the central nervous system by nerves." ] }, { "id": "task593-43d60f1e0a20486eab8c5f73018ffe80", "input": "Question: The ovules, which are the female gametophytes, are held in what organ? Answer: ovary", "output": [ "The ovary holds the ovules , the female gametophytes. When the ovules are fertilized, the ovule becomes the seed and the ovary becomes the fruit." ] }, { "id": "task593-711baeb74ae14386ae2eeec6a6c5a221", "input": "Question: What type of organism is algae? Answer: bacteria (cyanobacteria)", "output": [ "Describe why algae is a good source of biofuel." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7893411251642479e1c567dfd6ab379", "input": "Question: What do winter storms develop from at higher latitudes? Answer: cyclones", "output": [ "Winter storms develop from cyclones at higher latitudes. They include blizzards and lake-effect snow storms." ] }, { "id": "task593-045f63760dcd4f64a3bf94624156a427", "input": "Question: Soil forms where land areas are what? Answer: flat", "output": [ "Weathered material washes off steep slopes and so does not stay in place to form soil. Soil forms where land areas are flat or gently undulating." ] }, { "id": "task593-957f5b08bdfc4c159a7448bbb6414040", "input": "Question: How do they classify tornadoes? Answer: wind speed", "output": [ "The winds of a tornado can reach very high speeds. The faster the winds blow, the greater the damage they cause. Wind speed and damage are used to classify tornadoes ( Table below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-c994a71ee9484fdab2502918fda3f4f8", "input": "Question: What is the term for animal-like protists that are usually single-celled? Answer: protozoa", "output": [ "Animal-like protists are called protozoa. Most consist a single cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-c15f5986b54a4e06a41483691b2e94b9", "input": "Question: Which type of arthritis causes the immune system to attack joints? Answer: rheumatoid", "output": [ "In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks joints. This causes joint damage and pain." ] }, { "id": "task593-6675579fada54ec8be1bb1e426fc2abb", "input": "Question: What is the only substance on earth that is stable in all three states? Answer: water", "output": [ "Water is the only substance on Earth that is stable in all three states." ] }, { "id": "task593-77a9f56e20884608bd708b26ef05e48e", "input": "Question: Fertilization is the union of a sperm and egg, resulting in the formation of what? Answer: a zygote", "output": [ "Fertilization is the union of a sperm and egg, resulting in the formation of a zygote." ] }, { "id": "task593-37376e7cb3a5423b9e77edaf71ecc5a6", "input": "Question: What are most metal objects made of? Answer: metal alloys", "output": [ "Most metal objects are made of metal alloys rather than pure metals." ] }, { "id": "task593-31f35566238a487eb36a4aab32568345", "input": "Question: An aquifer is an underground layer of rock that is saturated with what? Answer: groundwater", "output": [ "An aquifer is an underground layer of rock that is saturated with groundwater. One of the biggest aquifers in the world is the Ogallala aquifer in the American Midwest." ] }, { "id": "task593-3902bcdff79742159410af9759421ba5", "input": "Question: Where do most skin structures originate in? Answer: dermis", "output": [ "Layers of Human Skin. The outer layer of the skin is the epidermis, and the inner layer is the dermis. Most skin structures originate in the dermis." ] }, { "id": "task593-d0d469ce0f6a4dfd8dddb71493d75f0d", "input": "Question: The needle of a compass is made of what element? Answer: iron", "output": [ "Calsidyrose. The needle of a compass is made of the element iron . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-a4bceb3e07b74345bd17a827a819454b", "input": "Question: What are the four stages of food processing? Answer: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination", "output": [ "41.2 The main stages of food processing are ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination." ] }, { "id": "task593-a781f30e2a5848caa3f63b700395331b", "input": "Question: In what system can energy change forms but the total amount of energy stay constant? Answer: closed", "output": [ "In a closed system, energy may change forms but the total amount of energy is constant." ] }, { "id": "task593-4bb0c28cfb61429a86ca9b3087275829", "input": "Question: Genetics is the branch of biology that focuses on heredity in what? Answer: organisms", "output": [ "Genetics is the branch of biology that focuses on heredity in organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-a78bb86765a641a18645d0272d9d0411", "input": "Question: Which water from the equator mixes with cold water from the poles? Answer: warm", "output": [ "Water flows through all the world’s oceans. Warm water from the Equator mixes with cold water from the poles. The mixing of warm and cold water makes the water temperature moderate." ] }, { "id": "task593-292c45dc2be74b999595336b51333188", "input": "Question: Although surface waves are slowest, they do most of the damage of what event? Answer: earthquake", "output": [ "Surface waves are the slowest, but they do the most damage in an earthquake." ] }, { "id": "task593-71be35aca0014d00a5bde2a4b76dbf6c", "input": "Question: What is the second highest mountain in the world, at over 28,000 feet? Answer: k2", "output": [ "The Karakoram Range is part of the Himalaya Mountains. K2, pictured here, is the second highest mountain the world at over 28,000 feet. The number and height of mountains is impressive." ] }, { "id": "task593-92f66a05d0f449e0a478eb731335c325", "input": "Question: In the humid subtropical climate, summers are ____ but winters are very cold. Answer: wet", "output": [ "In the humid subtropical climate, summers are wet but winters are very cold." ] }, { "id": "task593-ecaff0fb0ad64d629b920a2b5a98e842", "input": "Question: Saturated hydrocarbons get their name because they are saturated with what atoms? Answer: hydrogen", "output": [ "Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between carbon atoms, so the carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. In other words, they are saturated with hydrogen atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-b6253aee00a647019bf13d9c11380ecb", "input": "Question: Regulation of endocrine depends on the hypothalmus and what other gland? Answer: pituitary", "output": [ "45.3 The hypothalamus and pituitary are central to endocrine regulation." ] }, { "id": "task593-17420c0f5a9f404585b7d02162a02c2f", "input": "Question: What is the term for the difference in elevation between two contour lines? Answer: contour interval", "output": [ "Contour lines are lines of equal elevation. Contour intervals are the difference in elevation between two contour lines." ] }, { "id": "task593-9cdfb0af6b4b4b2bacf47c558562463e", "input": "Question: Acidity is measured on what kind of scale? Answer: ph scale", "output": [ "Acidity is measured on a pH scale. Rain that is 5.0 or less on that scale is considered acid rain." ] }, { "id": "task593-0af22b6284514412a0243051d383c8d9", "input": "Question: What system gets less effective with age, that generally makes older people more disease susceptible? Answer: immune system", "output": [ "The immune system naturally becomes less effective as people get older. This is why older people are generally more susceptible to disease." ] }, { "id": "task593-70d0c2da8e994907809a9284e1ea249d", "input": "Question: What happens to water when it is heated in the broiler? Answer: it expands", "output": [ "When water is heated in the boiler, it expands. It might burst the pipes of the system if it weren’t for the expansion tank. This tank holds excess water after it expands." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d0b38bfb09249cb8e6fa1196ad46ecf", "input": "Question: The bond between the two nitrogen atoms is a what? Answer: triple bond", "output": [ "Solution 1. The bond between the two nitrogen atoms is a triple bond. The Lewis diagram for N2 is as follows:." ] }, { "id": "task593-ae55a5a8529c4758a050bb99844326e6", "input": "Question: Red algae and green algae are the closest relatives of what? Answer: land plants", "output": [ "28.5 Red algae and green algae are the closest relatives of land plants." ] }, { "id": "task593-13159c75fe774566aeaba5cf1423ceaa", "input": "Question: What signals the secretion of gastric acid? Answer: gastrin", "output": [ "Gastrin, which signals the secretion of gastric acid." ] }, { "id": "task593-82371337b06f446fba6cd549ff79faf6", "input": "Question: Caffeine is an example of what type of drug? Answer: psychoactive", "output": [ "diploid spore in fungi that is produced by the fusion of two haploid parent cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-b63cf2d8ebc548d7a927dbec3d55786e", "input": "Question: What is the main organ required for respiration in mammals? Answer: the lungs", "output": [ "Respiration is the process in which gases are exchanged between the body and the outside air." ] }, { "id": "task593-ccf04a71a7584f3aa65c05f482882df7", "input": "Question: Unlike ionic compounds, covalent compounds do not have freely moving what? Answer: electrons", "output": [ "Unlike ionic compounds, covalent compounds do not have freely moving electrons, so they cannot conduct electricity." ] }, { "id": "task593-aac55be331d3493bb04755763d6c6191", "input": "Question: What is the photosynthesis factory of the plant? Answer: chloroplast", "output": [ "The chloroplast is the photosynthesis factory of the plant." ] }, { "id": "task593-1036a4a395844cb2845697d5c60fb536", "input": "Question: Yogurt is made with milk fermented with what? Answer: bacteria", "output": [ "Describe hurricane formation and the damage they cause." ] }, { "id": "task593-40af9876bcaf421f95a767c7567c7947", "input": "Question: What do you call compounds that have covalent bonds? Answer: covalent compounds", "output": [ "Covalent bonds are bonds in which atoms share rather than transfer electrons. Compounds with covalent bonds are called covalent compounds." ] }, { "id": "task593-45b653d5bf434d628b4ee7455f6045dd", "input": "Question: Alpha emission is a type of what? Answer: radioactivity", "output": [ "One type of radioactivity is alpha emission. What is an alpha particle? What happens to an alpha particle after it is emitted from an unstable nucleus?." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d50e198a57045619aaf69bc54aadd97", "input": "Question: The presence of solute particles blocks some of the ability for liquid particles to do what? Answer: evaporate", "output": [ "The presence of solute particles blocks some of the ability for liquid particles to evaporate. Thus, solutions of solid solutes typically have a lower vapor pressure than the pure solvent." ] }, { "id": "task593-af038880e8d44745b873ec802f242255", "input": "Question: What use enzymes to break down foreign matter and dead cells? Answer: lysosomes", "output": [ "Lysosomes, which use enzymes to break down foreign matter and dead cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-e35b650d947241648eb12f88662fd070", "input": "Question: Pink snapdragons are an example of what? Answer: incomplete dominance", "output": [ "Pink snapdragons are an example of incomplete dominance." ] }, { "id": "task593-a0d00d5658ba41d0be6b041847feed5a", "input": "Question: Objects moving at different speeds, in different directions have different what? Answer: velocities", "output": [ "Objects have the same velocity only if they are moving at the same speed and in the same direction. Objects moving at different speeds, in different directions, or both have different velocities." ] }, { "id": "task593-fec31aac7ea64db48a8767082d9be799", "input": "Question: What do you call vesicle transport into the cell? Answer: endocytosis", "output": [ "Vesicle transport into the cell is called endocytosis. The cell membrane engulfs the substance. Then a vesicle pinches off from the membrane and carries the substance into the cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-249dd583323242d49b59ce651b3cc0d2", "input": "Question: Like mammals and birds, and unlike other reptiles, crocodiles have how many chambers in their heart? Answer: four", "output": [ "Like mammals and birds, and unlike other reptiles, crocodiles have a four-chambered heart. But, unlike mammals, blood with and without oxygen can be mixed." ] }, { "id": "task593-94f432f254914b5d87cf52512a34fada", "input": "Question: Amino groups are found within amino acids, nicknamed the building blocks of what? Answer: proteins", "output": [ "Amino groups are found within amino acids, the building blocks of proteins." ] }, { "id": "task593-5f734b15f5374a2da359449ec1ae9c76", "input": "Question: Blood flows into the kidney through which artery? Answer: renal artery", "output": [ "Blood flows into the kidney through the renal artery. The renal artery connects to capillaries inside the kidney. Capillaries and nephrons lie very close to each other in the kidney." ] }, { "id": "task593-daddb256d16b49db87b577a0d6972315", "input": "Question: What do ecosystems require constant inputs of? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Ecosystems require constant inputs of energy from sunlight or chemicals." ] }, { "id": "task593-01d965af4da145b3b7b518a8714a6b59", "input": "Question: Amino acid units in a protein are connected by what bonds? Answer: peptide", "output": [ "Amino acid units in a protein are connected by peptide bonds. What is another name for the functional group linking the amino acids?." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ce7d7f6f1184c3294c6ee8c39e18598", "input": "Question: The strength of acids is measured on what scale? Answer: ph", "output": [ "The strength of acids is measured on the pH scale. A pH value less than 7 indicates an acid, and the lower the number is, the stronger the acid." ] }, { "id": "task593-e1ec3fd16849484094a6acfd481820f9", "input": "Question: What type of layers do animals' tissues develop from? Answer: embryonic", "output": [ "32.1 Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers." ] }, { "id": "task593-866c8937d54f4fb88f4c0b4a83b87d9e", "input": "Question: Some women experience cramping and pain before and during what monthly cycle? Answer: menstruation", "output": [ "Some women experience cramping and pain before and during menstruation." ] }, { "id": "task593-8a3798d7501e417f90f75f31b32b4b85", "input": "Question: Red stars are the coolest; which are the hottest? Answer: blue", "output": [ "Stars are classified by color, which correlates with temperature. Red stars are the coolest and blue are the hottest." ] }, { "id": "task593-7b4b2e50e8624219baf78e227659927d", "input": "Question: Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and what? Answer: leaves", "output": [ "Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. Major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and leaves." ] }, { "id": "task593-717c56c7c3e44d27a2d4008972478389", "input": "Question: In which sphere of the atmosphere do the northern and southern lights occur? Answer: thermosphere", "output": [ "The thermosphere is the layer above the mesosphere. Temperature increases with altitude in this layer. The northern and southern lights occur here." ] }, { "id": "task593-42648e9b8395451b89fd2a334ec3d396", "input": "Question: All chordates are deuterostomes possessing a what? Answer: notochord", "output": [ "Figure 29.2 All chordates are deuterostomes possessing a notochord." ] }, { "id": "task593-2941b9df60df423caf4682201ce6035f", "input": "Question: What occurs when the immune system makes an inflammatory response to a harmless antigen? Answer: allergies", "output": [ "Allergies occur when the immune system makes an inflammatory response to a harmless antigen. An antigen that causes an allergy is called an allergen." ] }, { "id": "task593-60b468d130474366991dc1c1ee45f7d1", "input": "Question: Carbon dioxide molecules consist of a central carbon atom bonded to how many oxygen atoms? Answer: two", "output": [ "Carbon dioxide molecules consist of a central carbon atom bonded to 2 oxygen atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-31eaef5af4a64a118d44a28681c1a1b9", "input": "Question: How are protists traditionally classified? Answer: animal-like, plant-like, or fungi-like", "output": [ "Protists are traditionally classified as animal-like, plant-like, or fungi-like. You will read more about each of these types of protists in the next lesson." ] }, { "id": "task593-61a94cd314c94a81817faaef016e561c", "input": "Question: What promotes cell division and are necessary for growing plants in tissue culture? Answer: cytokinins", "output": [ "Cytokinins promote cell division and are necessary for growing plants in tissue culture. A small piece of a plant is placed in sterile conditions to regenerate a new plant." ] }, { "id": "task593-fd5ea338d2df44fda6ca3669ba78ce93", "input": "Question: What type of cell layer do flatworms have? Answer: mesoderm", "output": [ "Flatworms have a mesoderm cell layer and simple organ systems. They also show cephalization and bilateral symmetry." ] }, { "id": "task593-2024e4a280b146afbc4ae21e45b2f98f", "input": "Question: The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of what? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-c3d1024f9d324c9885d088b4dc1279a9", "input": "Question: Organisms that obtain food from outside themselves (i.e. they don't make their own food) are known as what? Answer: heterotrophs", "output": [ "Fungi are heterotrophs, meaning they obtain food from outside themselves." ] }, { "id": "task593-a33285c100ca4160a7dcfb0a9f9eeb4f", "input": "Question: Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and ethers all have functional groups containing what element? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and ethers h ave oxygencontaining functional groups." ] }, { "id": "task593-bc69a064730e4a44a1edaffc8c909f3d", "input": "Question: What is the science of how traits are passed from parents to offspring? Answer: heredity", "output": [ "science of heredity, or how traits are passed from parents to offspring." ] }, { "id": "task593-dec80b7343bc454bb4306f3bb757ff8c", "input": "Question: Which type of animal creates useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer, and silk? Answer: insects", "output": [ "Insects produce useful substances, such as honey, wax, lacquer, and silk." ] }, { "id": "task593-433872fcb6514433a557b9654d7bbfc2", "input": "Question: During a what type of reaction do chemical changes take place? Answer: chemical", "output": [ "A: During a chemical reaction, chemical changes take place. Some chemical bonds break and new chemical bonds form." ] }, { "id": "task593-493e5ce697bb478ca1f7ab215ab0d455", "input": "Question: The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on it's mass and it's what? Answer: volume", "output": [ "The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on its mass and its volume." ] }, { "id": "task593-c43a3f1ffe1b4afcb910e8ca33a41157", "input": "Question: What is released during an enthalpy reaction? Answer: heat", "output": [ "The enthalpy of the reactants is greater than the enthalpy of the products. During the course of the reaction, heat is released to the surroundings." ] }, { "id": "task593-35e5dc93f30f473682dab0dd133cf527", "input": "Question: Generators usually transform kinetic energy into what kind of energy? Answer: electrical energy", "output": [ "Generators may produce either alternating or direct current, but they all change kinetic energy to electrical energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-6313df8800a14c2c8644e238b84da276", "input": "Question: What class are centipedes and millipedes in? Answer: myriapoda", "output": [ "Myriapoda, which includes centipedes and millipedes. All of these animals live on land, and can have anywhere from ten to nearly 200 pairs of appendages." ] }, { "id": "task593-3fd8a4c1a1f4465b8f14246084f143b1", "input": "Question: The first line of defense includes mechanical, chemical, and which other barrier? Answer: biological", "output": [ "The first line of defense includes mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers." ] }, { "id": "task593-6e4a884270fd494cbc918576608d1783", "input": "Question: In hornworts, the horns are the sporophytes that rise up from what? Answer: the leaflike gametophyte", "output": [ "Jason Hollinger. In hornworts, the horns are the sporophytes that rise up from the leaflike gametophyte . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-7f64a69ce5814e3d94c66a188b693644", "input": "Question: Molar mass is equal to density multiplied by what? Answer: molar volume", "output": [ "Molar mass is equal to density multiplied by molar volume." ] }, { "id": "task593-a02608b05307416b801799745dc7a0b5", "input": "Question: The process in which materials move depending on their heat relative to nearby materials is known as what? Answer: convection", "output": [ "In convection, materials move depending on their heat relative to nearby materials." ] }, { "id": "task593-c42a5e8e1e3c48df8b30483e4e56c9ed", "input": "Question: Which area of the human heart pumps the blood to the right ventricle? Answer: right atrium", "output": [ "Blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium pumps the blood to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs." ] }, { "id": "task593-ad9a704afe2240cbb61a09cd8fe10d1c", "input": "Question: What secures together immovable joints and prevents them from moving? Answer: dense collagen", "output": [ "Immovable joints allow no movement because the bones at these joints are held securely together by dense collagen . The bones of the skull are connected by immovable joints." ] }, { "id": "task593-197ec99e4d644beeaf4d4b89741722e5", "input": "Question: Minerals are grouped based on what? Answer: chemical composition", "output": [ "Minerals are divided into groups. The groups are based on their chemical composition." ] }, { "id": "task593-f373f5aa832e42c4a61745068b140ac3", "input": "Question: How many more legs do spiders have compared to insects? Answer: two", "output": [ "Although spiders and insects are both arthropods, a spider is not an insect. One key difference is that insects have six legs, while spiders have eight legs." ] }, { "id": "task593-185beae383fb49948583962b5492aba2", "input": "Question: What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? Answer: diffusion", "output": [ "Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration." ] }, { "id": "task593-ead118b03b7d4993b44d1bc86302272d", "input": "Question: What is responsible for the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria? Answer: bacterial mutations", "output": [ "Mutations in many bacteria that allow them to survive in the presence of antibiotic drugs. The mutations lead to antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria." ] }, { "id": "task593-bd06f875a6d64911af44b737481103aa", "input": "Question: What is the mechanism that accounts for the drifting of continents? Answer: seafloor spreading", "output": [ "Seafloor spreading is the mechanism for the drifting continents." ] }, { "id": "task593-2020141f694a421f91c50ebb06e3c93e", "input": "Question: What affects the boiling point of water? Answer: external pressure", "output": [ "Boiling points are affected by external pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-371ff1fc88164b2991f44627b49035bf", "input": "Question: What is the invisible force that pulls things to earth? Answer: gravity", "output": [ "Gravity cannot be seen. It does not require things to touch. Gravity is an invisible force. Many things are pulled to the Earth by gravity. Can you think of some things that fall toward the Earth?." ] }, { "id": "task593-c8fef4e36d0643958a1c7f42127add7d", "input": "Question: What forms the small holes found in bread? Answer: carbon dioxide gas", "output": [ "The small holes in bread are formed by bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. The gas was produced by alcoholic fermentation carried out by yeast." ] }, { "id": "task593-e5160da695084868bca0693e552acb59", "input": "Question: Elements involved in nuclear reactions are what? Answer: radioactive", "output": [ "Elements involved in nuclear reactions are radioactive. How do you think radioactive elements differ from other elements?." ] }, { "id": "task593-ed37343a13454042ab9130529430171a", "input": "Question: Melting ice and grinding wood into sawdust are examples of what? Answer: physical changes", "output": [ "Melting ice and grinding wood into sawdust are examples of physical changes." ] }, { "id": "task593-5f6f69074e3d492b97e520c6be39e8ec", "input": "Question: Kinetic energy is energy of this? Answer: motion", "output": [ "Kinetic Energy and the Ultimate Speed Limit Kinetic energy is energy of motion. Classically, kinetic energy has the familiar expression." ] }, { "id": "task593-eb59d271331e45c8bc90965677cd223f", "input": "Question: Mass multiplied by velocity equals what force? Answer: momentum", "output": [ "- Momentum equals mass multiplied by velocity. It is a vector, direction must be considered. Always define a positive direction and be consistent." ] }, { "id": "task593-399fb8e92be34ca6863998d3038ed21f", "input": "Question: What is a biochemical compound that is a chain of amino acids called? Answer: proteins", "output": [ "Proteins are biochemical compounds that consist of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins have many different functions. For example, some are enzymes, and some are hormones." ] }, { "id": "task593-bb984da04ad449f1b007c4f0862fabcd", "input": "Question: Experiments have shown that acceleration is exactly inversely proportional to mass, just as it is exactly linearly proportional to what? Answer: net external force", "output": [ "where m is the mass of the system. Experiments have shown that acceleration is exactly inversely proportional to mass, just as it is exactly linearly proportional to the net external force." ] }, { "id": "task593-1b54162ea797444ea2b19250c09d6a71", "input": "Question: In seedless vascular plants such as ferns, the sporophyte releases spores from the undersides of what basic plant structures? Answer: leaves", "output": [ "In seedless vascular plants such as ferns, the sporophyte releases spores from the undersides of leaves." ] }, { "id": "task593-9955ddd75200462bb53b63365960b98b", "input": "Question: One species benefits while the host species is harmed in what type of relationship? Answer: parasitism", "output": [ "In a parasitism, the parasitic species benefits, while the host species is harmed." ] }, { "id": "task593-453659d988344d96899b28e544d84837", "input": "Question: What is the final stage of aerobic respiration? Answer: electron transport", "output": [ "Electron transport is the final stage of aerobic respiration. In this stage, energy from NADH and FADH 2 is transferred to ATP." ] }, { "id": "task593-6c770b646fd74c58939a9b7b46d89b6b", "input": "Question: Besides the uppermost mantle, what else is the lithosphere composed of? Answer: crust", "output": [ "The lithosphere is composed of both the crust and the uppermost mantle. The lithosphere is a brittle, rigid solid. It is easily cracked or broken." ] }, { "id": "task593-b4ddf627672044a8a00e896ebdb65982", "input": "Question: In a hydrogen replacement reaction, the hydrogen in the acid is replaced by what? Answer: an active metal", "output": [ "In a hydrogen replacement reaction, the hydrogen in the acid is replaced by an active metal." ] }, { "id": "task593-8065e7fc340c4985947e2b115a27efd0", "input": "Question: What consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions? Answer: ecosystem", "output": [ "An ecosystem consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-1143dd9028e84ce08f4495fc79bb1f01", "input": "Question: What is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment? Answer: ecology", "output": [ "Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment." ] }, { "id": "task593-96f2c007fb3845569d85585d36c95b6c", "input": "Question: What is the process of making an observation in terms of a numerical scale and recording the value? Answer: measurement", "output": [ "Measurement is the process of making an observation in terms of a numerical scale and recording the value." ] }, { "id": "task593-347de0ecf1054f5ebc2ecb66695d8501", "input": "Question: What evolutionary concept emphasizes reproductive isolation? Answer: biological species concept", "output": [ "24.1 The biological species concept emphasizes reproductive isolation." ] }, { "id": "task593-394f993346a947e7a692eaa7013cc421", "input": "Question: What term describes a specific statement that is thought to be never violated by the entire natural universe? Answer: scientific law", "output": [ "A scientific law is a specific statement that is thought to be never violated by the entire natural universe. Everyday laws are arbitrary limits that society puts on its members." ] }, { "id": "task593-c50cf5602680461d90bff7e8dd82753c", "input": "Question: Landslides and mudslides are the most destructive types of what geologic phenomenon? Answer: mass movement", "output": [ "The most destructive types of mass movement are landslides and mudslides. Both occur suddenly." ] }, { "id": "task593-744db4ac276c48e2b9aa402bf0f1f219", "input": "Question: How many types of glands does the dermis contain? Answer: two", "output": [ "The dermis also contains hair follicles and two types of glands. You can see some of these structures in Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-b2144b67e26645d480145dba0a8670fa", "input": "Question: What is responsible for many properties of covalent compounds, which have relatively low boiling points, cannot conduct electricity, and may not dissolve in water? Answer: covalent bonds", "output": [ "Covalent bonds are responsible for many of the properties of covalent compounds. Covalent compounds have relatively low boiling points, cannot conduct electricity, and may not dissolve in water." ] }, { "id": "task593-e8ba1175b0ea473a9d50b66557086c87", "input": "Question: Ovulation takes place in what organ and is part of the menstrual cycle? Answer: ovary", "output": [ "The menstrual cycle includes events that take place in the ovary, such as ovulation." ] }, { "id": "task593-c6250cd61e064a83983185ebee18525b", "input": "Question: Simple eyes, like the human eye, have how many lenses? Answer: one", "output": [ "The head generally has several simple eyes and a pair of compound eyes. Simple eyes have a single lens, like the human eye. Compound eyes have many lenses." ] }, { "id": "task593-0662bd0592754edfa931441a1d25e528", "input": "Question: What are 3 types of light? Answer: infrared, visible, ultraviolet", "output": [ "Electromagnetic waves that are commonly called light fall roughly in the middle of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light includes infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light." ] }, { "id": "task593-f9667a39bb274351bcd13deefcf10891", "input": "Question: Viruses were assumed to exist before they were first seen with an electron microscope in which decade? Answer: 1930 ' s", "output": [ "Viruses were assumed to exist before they were first seen with an electron microscope in the 1930s. Multiple hypotheses for viral origins have been proposed." ] }, { "id": "task593-a6a22783e065485a91670ddbf41626e1", "input": "Question: Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis are examples of which type of sti? Answer: bacterial", "output": [ "Bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis." ] }, { "id": "task593-3b6ed4b7057f4b5f9aecee507a4f86e6", "input": "Question: What do vertebrates have which invertebrates do not? Answer: backbones", "output": [ "Vertebrates have a backbone, but invertebrates do not. Except for the chordates, all animal phyla consist only of invertebrates. Chordates include both vertebrates and invertebrates." ] }, { "id": "task593-2ae3cc6635b04feeb643cb039ba96005", "input": "Question: The other ammonium ions are changed into nitrogen gas by what? Answer: denitrifying bacteria", "output": [ "The other ammonium ions are changed into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria." ] }, { "id": "task593-1b1b014e526a4ea0a07af5a358dc3c6a", "input": "Question: What is the midpiece of sperm packed with? Answer: mitochondria", "output": [ "The midpiece of the sperm is packed with mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles in cells that produce energy. Sperm use the energy in the midpiece to move." ] }, { "id": "task593-78a0a8d42cb343bc8cc9bf68b1bc7f7e", "input": "Question: Science is a process of knowing about the natural universe through what two actions? Answer: observation and experimentation", "output": [ "Science is a process of knowing about the natural universe through observation and experiment." ] }, { "id": "task593-0e998b52ba6944f486781be72d391c8d", "input": "Question: What are the only organelles that prokaryotic cells have? Answer: ribosomes", "output": [ "Eukaryotic cells have other organelles besides the nucleus. The only organelles in a prokaryotic cell are ribosomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-59d0e7d1cb0c4e4291f29a43862a98cf", "input": "Question: What is the most important factor determining soil type? Answer: climate", "output": [ "Formed when elements either gain or lose electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-2d83a172118c4ec7ba837a56fba63266", "input": "Question: Because they have free electrons, metals are able to conduct what? Answer: electricity", "output": [ "Metals can conduct electricity because they have free electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-29575b12be7a446bb70abb9cd05c3912", "input": "Question: What molecules are usually insoluble in water? Answer: non-polar", "output": [ "Non-polar molecules are usually insoluble in water." ] }, { "id": "task593-1338e4366256469aa09e3d30fede0e66", "input": "Question: What do a river and all its tributaries make up? Answer: river system", "output": [ "Small streams often flow into bigger streams or rivers. The small streams are called tributaries. A river and all its tributaries make up a river system." ] }, { "id": "task593-3740d40a960b4b6fb05a8ec74648e448", "input": "Question: Tissues are organized by what? Answer: cells", "output": [ "Cells are organized into tissues, and tissues form organs." ] }, { "id": "task593-ae1c736e302d4864a75a8aca9cd4ed8b", "input": "Question: What is the connecting piece of a sperm packed with? Answer: mitochondria", "output": [ "The connecting piece of the sperm is packed with mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles in cells that produce energy. Sperm use the energy to move." ] }, { "id": "task593-96d901d9f3814580b4f0ef073e483c25", "input": "Question: Force times distance is the equation for what? Answer: work", "output": [ "Work is directly related to both the force applied to an object and the distance the object moves. It can be represented by the equation: Work = Force × Distance." ] }, { "id": "task593-68afa82a716c430e9479bfb7819d3bef", "input": "Question: What is the exchange of energy from one part of the universe to another called? Answer: heat", "output": [ "Heat is the exchange of energy from one part of the universe to another. Heat and energy have the same units." ] }, { "id": "task593-6844ced375884350b0b490f62c99955c", "input": "Question: Surface tension and viscosity are generally associated with what form or state of matter? Answer: liquids", "output": [ "Two interesting properties of liquids are surface tension and viscosity." ] }, { "id": "task593-234fdad9e21a4e98bfdd346ccff16e50", "input": "Question: What type of energy is clean and does not release greenhouse gases? Answer: geothermal energy", "output": [ "Geothermal energy is clean and does not release greenhouse gases." ] }, { "id": "task593-b39410cd2c1242eb946e642b04759075", "input": "Question: Quantum mechanics involves the study of material at what level? Answer: atomic", "output": [ "Quantum mechanics involves the study of material at the atomic level." ] }, { "id": "task593-3c2749bddacc4d49b36c633dfd81436a", "input": "Question: Destructive interference in waves occurs when what things overlap? Answer: two troughs", "output": [ "Destructive interference in waves occurs when two troughs overlap." ] }, { "id": "task593-396315e8479845e3935bd34722bbbda9", "input": "Question: In addition to a nucleus what do eukaryotic cells have? Answer: organelles", "output": [ "Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound structures called organelles." ] }, { "id": "task593-0b86791ac1e74cff838fd60aa78b281d", "input": "Question: Compared to free-floating bacteria, bacteria in biofilms often show increased resistance to what? Answer: antibiotics and detergents", "output": [ "Compared to free-floating bacteria, bacteria in biofilms often show increased resistance to antibiotics and detergents. Why do you think this might be the case?." ] }, { "id": "task593-f8149b3e7f184732b38c0ced04a5c137", "input": "Question: Electrophiles have a strong tendency to react with what? Answer: nucleophiles", "output": [ "Electrophiles have a strong tendency to react with nucleophiles. CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS." ] }, { "id": "task593-0142c9d993814c0480c50ebd9cff38e2", "input": "Question: What do sharks use to secrete salt to assist in osmoregulation? Answer: rectal gland", "output": [ "animals exposed to similar levels of urea. Sharks are cartilaginous fish with a rectal gland to secrete salt and assist in osmoregulation." ] }, { "id": "task593-5191a101d6bc40a3845e5ce3cad45524", "input": "Question: Which part of all mammals have the same basic bone structure? Answer: forelimbs", "output": [ "The forelimbs of all mammals have the same basic bone structure." ] }, { "id": "task593-c80827c47879441cb2933442eed1576e", "input": "Question: What topographic feature does a circle with inward hatches represent on a contour map? Answer: a depression", "output": [ "On a contour map, a circle with inward hatches indicates a depression." ] }, { "id": "task593-3583d52f754d4ef2a22c77964e44c014", "input": "Question: What shape rash is formed from a skin infection caused by trichophyton? Answer: ring-shaped", "output": [ "skin infection caused by the fungus Trichophyton that causes a characteristic ring-shaped rash." ] }, { "id": "task593-3ede8473003a415c8a1fac2015cbc3c4", "input": "Question: What do glands in the skin produce to cool down the body? Answer: sweat", "output": [ "glands in the skin that produce sweat, a salty fluid that helps cool down the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-4749b171d1144ecbb71a9f68744dd7b7", "input": "Question: What is the temperature at which condensation of water vapor occurs called? Answer: the dew point", "output": [ "The temperature at which condensation of water vapor occurs is called the dew point. The dew point varies depending on air temperature and moisture content." ] }, { "id": "task593-706de2340e634205a00f7dd3b1453ea0", "input": "Question: What term describes the amount of solute in a given amount of solution? Answer: concentration", "output": [ "The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute in a given amount of solution. A dilute solution has a low concentration of solute. A concentrated solution has a high concentration of solute." ] }, { "id": "task593-5579a901b1ed486cbe8fae3dfe772fa9", "input": "Question: What type of microscope is used to see extremely small objects? Answer: electron microscope", "output": [ "Light microscopes continued to improve and are still used today. However, to see extremely small objects, a different type of microscope, such as an electron microscope, must be used." ] }, { "id": "task593-d037a70999fb4e13bd27fe7b7aefcc60", "input": "Question: In a chemical reaction, the amounts of reactants and products will be constant when what state is attained? Answer: equilibrium", "output": [ "The amount of reactants and products do not have to be equal. However, after equilibrium is attained, the amounts of reactants and products will be constant." ] }, { "id": "task593-971d6d51d12e4d329c6facaf69b63d82", "input": "Question: An amide bond joining two amino acid units is called a what? Answer: peptide bond", "output": [ "An amide bond joining two amino acid units is called a peptide bond. Note that the product molecule still has a reactive amino group on the left and a reactive carboxyl." ] }, { "id": "task593-b0c171c7f8f442d58fe2b5f12533d2a6", "input": "Question: In a science lab, what device would you use to measure the volume of a liquid? Answer: graduated cylinder", "output": [ "Measuring devices must be used correctly to get accurate measurements. Figure below shows the correct way to use a graduated cylinder to measure the volume of a liquid." ] }, { "id": "task593-9cb8191826ab4254b8ed7be1385d0227", "input": "Question: Approximately how much larger is the radius of an atom than that of its nucleus? Answer: 10 times", "output": [ "The radius of an atom is approximately 10 times larger than the radius of its nucleus. If the radius of the nucleus were 1.0 cm, what would be the radius of the atom in centimeters? in miles?." ] }, { "id": "task593-6bd3003301204d26b4980339d50a604b", "input": "Question: What are the special compartments that are surrounded by membranes inside eukaryotic cells called? Answer: organelles", "output": [ "Eukaryotic cells contain special compartments surrounded by membranes, called organelles. For example, notice in this image the mitochondria, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus." ] }, { "id": "task593-db9a07baaf2341749ddd6f05977f701b", "input": "Question: How do birds learn to avoid eating monarch butterflies? Answer: conditioning", "output": [ "Birds learn through conditioning to avoid eating monarch butterflies." ] }, { "id": "task593-c26e96fceeff49989693dfba1556c493", "input": "Question: What is continuously changing within a circuit in an analog signal? Answer: voltage", "output": [ "An analog signal consists of continuously changing voltage in a circuit. For example, microphones encode sounds as analog signals." ] }, { "id": "task593-b5e7af95d4fd4edaa414e0c1b7019bcb", "input": "Question: The epidermis consists mainly of what type of cells? Answer: epithelial", "output": [ "Cell Layers of the Epidermis. The epidermis consists mainly of epithelial cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-04103ab8073d4833ad3e35f43ca859d8", "input": "Question: What do jellyfish use to startle predators? Answer: visible light", "output": [ "Bioluminescent organisms include jellyfish and fireflies. Jellyfish give off visible light to startle predators. Fireflies give off visible light to attract mates." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4670d58d3a14baaa2f3f461b008b2af", "input": "Question: What is located beneath the lithosphere? Answer: asthenosphere", "output": [ "Beneath the lithosphere, the asthenosphere is solid rock that can flow." ] }, { "id": "task593-5bbf9eadfb9e47c1888b6ea061d70d3e", "input": "Question: Many adolescents experience frequent mood swings. name one of the causes for this. Answer: surging hormones", "output": [ "Adolescents may have mood swings because of surging hormones." ] }, { "id": "task593-8fb03d49020643bc9b5092df658b0f2a", "input": "Question: What part of the atmosphere is the heat source? Answer: stratosphere", "output": [ "Temperature decreases in the mesosphere with altitude. This is because the heat source is the stratosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-24bb2e5917b94ca8bcad30e3fcb6b598", "input": "Question: What is caused by the same virus that causes chicken pox? Answer: shingles", "output": [ "Preston Hunt. Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes chicken pox . CC BY 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-39887a0b84074c918b0df5a28c703819", "input": "Question: What is a pure substance that cannot be separated into any other substances called? Answer: element", "output": [ "An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into any other substances. There are 92 naturally occurring elements." ] }, { "id": "task593-69fff69ee86a4858b8a32b62da23e045", "input": "Question: Water and chemical elements that organisms need keep recycling through biogeochemical what? Answer: cycles", "output": [ "Water and chemical elements that organisms need keep recycling through biogeochemical cycles. These cycles include biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems." ] }, { "id": "task593-8fd128336c1f42db8395df62ed61e9ce", "input": "Question: Different feeding \"positions\" in a food chain or web are associated with what kinds of levels? Answer: trophic", "output": [ "The different feeding positions in a food chain or web are called trophic levels." ] }, { "id": "task593-868634e566674b0480e7659d0429b25a", "input": "Question: Lymph capillaries collect fluid that leaks out of what? Answer: blood capillaries", "output": [ "Lymph capillaries collect fluid that leaks out from blood capillaries. The lymphatic vessels return the fluid to the cardiovascular system." ] }, { "id": "task593-6d2d195aac2f48ebb72c496468ed24a2", "input": "Question: A bicycle is an example of a compound machine made of many what? Answer: simple machines", "output": [ "Arthropod at http://animal. discovery. com/animal-facts/arthropod-info. htm." ] }, { "id": "task593-b5aad75576a14e8dbce712093656f3e8", "input": "Question: What is it called when two waves combine to create a larger wave? Answer: constructive interference", "output": [ "Constructive interference occurs when two waves combine to create a larger wave. This occurs when the peaks of two waves line up." ] }, { "id": "task593-122605f6b8af48a18c0db4d225f21b95", "input": "Question: Bones are made up of different types of what? Answer: tissue", "output": [ "Christopher Auyeung. Bones are made up of different types of tissues . CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-e1cbe7abdce2417bad9e92db4396adcb", "input": "Question: What does rising and sinking air influence in a region? Answer: precipitation", "output": [ "Rising and sinking air can influence the precipitation of a region." ] }, { "id": "task593-b536a789812846e7bf5d52821523bd32", "input": "Question: What is the term for the tube that carries sound waves into the ear? Answer: ear canal", "output": [ "The ear canal is a tube that carries sound waves into the ear. The sound waves travel through the air inside the ear canal to the eardrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-5fccb8c3f8bb42f7aece32a28e516d4f", "input": "Question: What characteristic of particles determines how they are carried by flowing water? Answer: size", "output": [ "The size of particles determines how they are carried by flowing water. This is illustrated in Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-28366bc8dda44de9878aab226cb26024", "input": "Question: Pressure and ________ are directly proportional at a constant volume? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "Pressure and temperature are directly proportional at a constant volume." ] }, { "id": "task593-0890c3693ec544e59cdc2c0f4fe6b5fb", "input": "Question: Frequency and intensity are two measurable properties of what? Answer: wave", "output": [ "All waves can be defined in terms of their frequency and intensity." ] }, { "id": "task593-5ecfe5ffd13b431caf9c607d5d4d43c3", "input": "Question: When the number of electrons and the number of protons are equal, the object is what? Answer: neutral", "output": [ "When the number of electrons and the number of protons are equal, the object is neutral." ] }, { "id": "task593-c51d1936492e49838a91b30b407a6f76", "input": "Question: Which law relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas? Answer: combines gas law", "output": [ "The combined gas law relates pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas." ] }, { "id": "task593-a1a4ad9e633548978af31226353a5fee", "input": "Question: The polymerase chain reaction is a way of making copies of what? Answer: a gene", "output": [ "The polymerase chain reaction is a way of making copies of a gene. It uses high temperatures and an enzyme to make new DNA molecules. The process keeps cycling to make many copies of a gene." ] }, { "id": "task593-52d4e2b06abd4c91b92fc142848a267d", "input": "Question: Water's very polar compound causes most solutes to do what? Answer: dissolve", "output": [ "Many solutes dissolve in water because water is a very polar compound." ] }, { "id": "task593-530fb691aa9a4a3786d8d3f4cbea4f4e", "input": "Question: Which part of an earthquake is in the ground where the ground breaks? Answer: the focus", "output": [ "The focus of an earthquake is in the ground where the ground breaks. The epicenter is the point at the surface just above the focus." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e602078192241c98cb0bfb76f5bb2ed", "input": "Question: Electromagnets can be turned on or off and their strength can be changed by controlling what? Answer: electric current", "output": [ "Electromagnets can be turned on or off and their strength can be changed by controlling the electric current." ] }, { "id": "task593-3899e04241ca47a097bb91c44f08640d", "input": "Question: Competition within a species is called what? Answer: intraspecific competition", "output": [ "Competition within a species is called intraspecific competition. It leads to natural selection within the species, so the species becomes better adapted to its environment." ] }, { "id": "task593-6b0d877e2e4a4e52b750d91308a67b1c", "input": "Question: Some protists absorb nutrients from decaying matter like a what? Answer: fungus", "output": [ "Some protists absorb nutrients from decaying matter like a fungus." ] }, { "id": "task593-7d43244e802b4c73874de039523f936d", "input": "Question: What are terrestrial biomes determined by? Answer: temperature and moisture", "output": [ "Terrestrial biomes are determined mainly by temperature and moisture. Plants are the primary producers. Examples of terrestrial biomes include tropical rainforests, temperate grasslands, and tundra." ] }, { "id": "task593-465a84f03a1347d8bbb742b8038785aa", "input": "Question: Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and how they what? Answer: interact", "output": [ "Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and how they interact, mainly at the level of atoms and molecules. Basic concepts in chemistry include chemicals and chemical reactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-a0583435be374f0da703283107f5a857", "input": "Question: What type of energy is possessed by autumn leaves before they fall? Answer: potential energy", "output": [ "Before leaves fall from trees in autumn, they have potential energy. Why do they have the potential to fall?." ] }, { "id": "task593-5cd62ec7e55742de89afdfac457e82f8", "input": "Question: What is a gap in rock layers called? Answer: an unconformity", "output": [ "An unconformity is a gap in rock layers. They occur where older rock layers eroded away completely before new rock layers were deposited." ] }, { "id": "task593-372356070f034ee689d613936b4dd249", "input": "Question: What are the two major atmospheric gases? Answer: nitrogen and oxygen", "output": [ "The major atmospheric gases are nitrogen and oxygen. The atmosphere also contains minor amounts of other gases, including carbon dioxide." ] }, { "id": "task593-e1fa537bec644c4e9623e977c0fd2b58", "input": "Question: What occurs when a former inhabited area gets disturbed? Answer: secondary succession", "output": [ "Secondary succession occurs in a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed." ] }, { "id": "task593-7facca40dfd0488fbbc62842a4c45d4b", "input": "Question: What is one major cause of skin cancer? Answer: ultraviolet light", "output": [ "The most important way to keep your skin healthy is to protect it from ultraviolet light. Over-exposure to ultraviolet light can cause skin cancer. Keeping the skin clean can help prevent acne." ] }, { "id": "task593-8d7bf0f2f0a4474d9eb4acd15e768a09", "input": "Question: If a gas in a closed area experiences increases in pressure and decreases in temperatures, what other attribute of the gas will be affected? Answer: volume", "output": [ "Both the increase in pressure and the decrease in temperature cause the volume of the gas sample to decrease. Since both changes are relatively small, the volume does not decrease dramatically." ] }, { "id": "task593-0a3d1e23e1bd48a487849300685db730", "input": "Question: What is the most common type of cancer in adult males? Answer: prostate", "output": [ "The most common type of cancer in adult males is cancer of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is part of the male reproductive system. About one third of all cancers in men are prostate cancers." ] }, { "id": "task593-91a2c905bf3d43a595cbc2654999ade7", "input": "Question: The volume of a regularly shaped solid can be calculated from its what? Answer: dimensions", "output": [ "The volume of a regularly shaped solid can be calculated from its dimensions. For example, the volume of a rectangular solid is the product of its length, width, and height." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e32bf24e3f04164948611037aa98e5f", "input": "Question: In addition to a vibrating electric field what does an electromagnetic wave consist of? Answer: magnetic field", "output": [ "An electromagnetic wave consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields." ] }, { "id": "task593-8641c61668324917bec0d5e2b2121e71", "input": "Question: What type of bonds between the bases at the center of the dna double helix hold the helix together? Answer: hydrogen bonds", "output": [ "DNA’s three-dimensional structure is a double helix. The hydrogen bonds between the bases at the center of the helix hold the helix together." ] }, { "id": "task593-c9ef3656aef04e4f9d923b471c4b7dc9", "input": "Question: Which type of cell division halves the number of chromosomes? Answer: meiosis", "output": [ "Meiosis is a type of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-6961b99f718845d2a5ce9cbcdbf86f20", "input": "Question: What is the third male reprodutive structure after the penis and testes? Answer: epididymis", "output": [ "Male reproductive structures include the penis, testes, and epididymis." ] }, { "id": "task593-6099c955ad244a4ca76658162ed960ff", "input": "Question: Depending on how matter interacts with light, it can be classified as transparent, translucent, or what? Answer: opaque", "output": [ "Matter can be classified as transparent, translucent, or opaque depending on how it interacts with light." ] }, { "id": "task593-a904ec1cc95d47f49f1812289d915638", "input": "Question: What layer of soil, essential for farming, has the highest proportion of organic material? Answer: topsoil", "output": [ "Topsoil has the highest proportion of organic material. Topsoil is essential for farming." ] }, { "id": "task593-0e768dcbf43b4d6b85c0c3a38e064aa9", "input": "Question: What type of shape does a pelvic inlet have? Answer: oval shape", "output": [ "Pelvic inlet has a round or oval shape." ] }, { "id": "task593-94f1a3eb8c484be386602c0b30f117d1", "input": "Question: There is a predictable amount of solute that can be dissolved at what? Answer: specific temperature", "output": [ "There is a predictable amount of solute that can be dissolved at a specific temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-e2d6a59de8bc4d40a4a68e88dcd9b859", "input": "Question: Gymnosperms have seeds but do not have what? Answer: flowers", "output": [ "Gymnosperms have seeds but do not have flowers." ] }, { "id": "task593-397264b1c54a46efbe43f14a4139191b", "input": "Question: The temperature of the box is related to the average speed of what? Answer: molecules", "output": [ "The temperature of the box is related to the average speed of the molecules. Use momentum principles to relate temperature to pressure. Explain conceptually, in words rather than with equations." ] }, { "id": "task593-7e712e67c8004d53bd0f63b437c6f4c4", "input": "Question: What gland is located at the base of the brain and secretes the hormone melatonin? Answer: pineal", "output": [ "The pineal gland is a tiny gland located at the base of the brain. It secretes the hormone melatonin. This hormone controls sleep-wake cycles and several other processes." ] }, { "id": "task593-f0a3d06b052f40189a654e8ccb88f945", "input": "Question: What are broad explanations that are widely accepted as true? Answer: scientific theories", "output": [ "Scientific theories are broad explanations that are widely accepted as true. This is because they are supported by a great deal of evidence." ] }, { "id": "task593-7bc0887a1a2d4fc2a05dd2c602bd2a6b", "input": "Question: What type of reproduction do fungi engage in? Answer: asexual", "output": [ "Through asexual reproduction , new organisms are produced that are genetically identical to the parent. That is, they have exactly the same DNA. Fungi reproduce asexually through three methods:." ] }, { "id": "task593-1d678c79bbfe44cbb863aaa4ed1948f0", "input": "Question: Helium-3 is produced by beta decay of a certain what? Answer: nuclide", "output": [ "helium-3 is produced by beta decay of a certain nuclide." ] }, { "id": "task593-a372303c082549b39cba74e1378fb56a", "input": "Question: Which type of glaciers form in high mountains and travel through valleys? Answer: alpine glaciers", "output": [ "Continental glaciers form in a central location with ice moving outward in all directions. Alpine glaciers form in high mountains and travel through valleys. Ice caps cover large areas." ] }, { "id": "task593-d3424ed3f67c4aa4bf74481004421fb1", "input": "Question: What type of orbit do the planets make in the solar system? Answer: elliptical", "output": [ "Earth and the other planets in the solar system make elliptical orbits around the Sun." ] }, { "id": "task593-4aad09e6db7b44baa69bb93de0c7720e", "input": "Question: An unbalanced force on an object in motion causes what? Answer: acceleration", "output": [ "An object will not change its state of motion (i. e. , accelerate) unless an unbalanced force acts on it. Equal and oppositely directed forces on the same object do not produce acceleration." ] }, { "id": "task593-c9178bc1ffe7414fa9d48839a86c8777", "input": "Question: What illnesses are caused by damage to the alveoli of the lungs? Answer: pneumonia and emphysema", "output": [ "Pneumonia and emphysema are caused by damage to the alveoli of the lungs." ] }, { "id": "task593-83c93c0b49cf4981b34d51d56291da39", "input": "Question: There are how many visual clues to indicate a chemical reaction? Answer: four", "output": [ "chemical reaction: Involves a transfer of energy. There are four visual clues to indicate a chemical reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-ed1972aae2d64cd483b60df903cd011c", "input": "Question: Kidney stones can form anywhere in what system? Answer: urinary", "output": [ "A kidney stone. The stones can form anywhere in the urinary system." ] }, { "id": "task593-19f7161962024c95bd0ad973f928fc0f", "input": "Question: The composition of the magma determines if the rock is mafic, felsic, or what? Answer: intermediate", "output": [ "The composition of the magma determines if the rock is mafic, felsic, or intermediate." ] }, { "id": "task593-b78270e221204f5a8096396ded993c02", "input": "Question: What is the temperature where molecular motion stops? Answer: absolute zero", "output": [ "Absolute zero is the temperature where molecular motion stops and is the lowest possible temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-b0de2bd468d34f6a81e9fbbfec6249ee", "input": "Question: What is the structure which hangs from a newly hatched salmon larva? Answer: yolk sac", "output": [ "Salmon Larva. This newly hatched salmon larva doesn’t look very fish-like. The structure hanging from the larva is the yolk sac." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d290180062742f6b0153b7e3ba5a63b", "input": "Question: What does the kinetic-molecular theory describe the behavior of? Answer: an ideal gas", "output": [ "The kinetic-molecular theory describes the behavior of an ideal gas." ] }, { "id": "task593-575e5f4a0f844a4681e1d9310abc4f95", "input": "Question: What types of flat maps show users changes in land elevation? Answer: topographic maps", "output": [ "Topographic maps are flat maps that show the three-dimensional surface features of an area. Topographic maps help users see the how the land changes in elevation." ] }, { "id": "task593-3351bdfa0ec942b48460b4ca9e1d6ebb", "input": "Question: Met, asn, trp, and gln connect together like beads on a necklace and are an example of what type of acids? Answer: amino acids", "output": [ "Amino acids connect together like beads on a necklace. MET, ASN, TRP, and GLN refer to four different amino acids." ] }, { "id": "task593-d320ad9fe897427f98edefcba249ddc8", "input": "Question: How many major forces of elevation cause allele frequencies to change? Answer: four", "output": [ "There are four major forces of evolution that cause allele frequencies to change. They are mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection." ] }, { "id": "task593-3943e129ba474ba0b8aa9628281fb21a", "input": "Question: Lobsters are what kind of food source? Answer: arthropod", "output": [ "Lobsters are one kind of arthropod food source." ] }, { "id": "task593-1be8f0e10b834b11bc1b3cc9873dbb84", "input": "Question: What type of energy is required in all chemical reactions? Answer: activation", "output": [ "All chemical reactions require activation energy, which is the energy needed to get a reaction started." ] }, { "id": "task593-476f5ba541b14d63bc0aeb66c643b6fa", "input": "Question: What are the simplest types of carbon-based compounds? Answer: hydrocarbons", "output": [ "Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. They are the simplest type of carbon-based compounds." ] }, { "id": "task593-5e60e0796afd4f449f5ed1889de20cf6", "input": "Question: Electromagnetic radiation behaves like particles as well as what? Answer: waves", "output": [ "Electromagnetic radiation behaves like particles as well as waves. This prompted Albert Einstein to develop his wave-particle theory." ] }, { "id": "task593-a8e11e784dc14ed3a1da89f0f21a6892", "input": "Question: Melanocytes are located in which layer of the epidermis? Answer: bottom", "output": [ "Melanocytes are located at the bottom of the epidermis." ] }, { "id": "task593-9319ea0e92f64e29942d43c422c7447c", "input": "Question: What do we call structures that have lost their use through evolution, which serve as important evidence of evolution? Answer: vestigial", "output": [ "Vestigial structures, or structures that have lost their use through evolution, are important evidence of evolution." ] }, { "id": "task593-14de065977c94b629fe219e20ff153a6", "input": "Question: Which electromagnetic waves are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves? Answer: gamma rays", "output": [ "Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves that carry photons of energy called gamma particles. They are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves." ] }, { "id": "task593-2c661a8f9e974b3d871bf01b125a6fb0", "input": "Question: What needs to happen to temperature to cause pressure to increase dramatically? Answer: large increase", "output": [ "The pressure increases dramatically due to large increase in temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e2bedf09c5a47a7aef1d4bebccb0871", "input": "Question: While spermatogenesis produces four haploid sperm cells, oogenesis produces one mature what? Answer: ovum", "output": [ "Spermatogenesis produces four haploid sperm cells, while oogenesis produces one mature ovum." ] }, { "id": "task593-86f22a7760c04c09b361b0490002d377", "input": "Question: What receives blood in the heart? Answer: the atria", "output": [ "The atria receive blood and the ventricles pump blood out of the heart." ] }, { "id": "task593-820944f7cb664775b519b75249fb2179", "input": "Question: Color, temperature, and solubility are examples of what type of property? Answer: intensive", "output": [ "Color, temperature, and solubility are examples of intensive properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-10416982af2a494189002c30cea6eb80", "input": "Question: The geologic time scale is divided into eons, eras, periods, and? Answer: epochs", "output": [ "The geologic time scale is divided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs." ] }, { "id": "task593-0ecf1f9c0c794c1997f640bfa396145f", "input": "Question: How do wolves learn to hunt as a group? Answer: observational learning", "output": [ "Observational learning explains how wolves know how to hunt as a group." ] }, { "id": "task593-664ffea73d594dc1852c858bccdb0089", "input": "Question: Does air temperature increase or decrease as it rises higher in the atmosphere? Answer: decrease", "output": [ "The rising air cools as it goes higher in the atmosphere. If it is moist, the water vapor may condense. Clouds may form, and precipitation may fall." ] }, { "id": "task593-504569cf72384aa093eab8db325ce596", "input": "Question: What do all chemical sections need to get started? Answer: energy", "output": [ "The bonds between the atoms need to be rearranged. That is the definition of a chemical reaction. And all chemical sections need energy to get started." ] }, { "id": "task593-821d17c16fd1454699faca3fb32984c0", "input": "Question: What effect causes an object to appear to have a change of motion? Answer: coriolis effect", "output": [ "Coriolis is an effect rather than a force. Coriolis does not force a motion. An object appears to have a change of motion due to the Coriolis effect." ] }, { "id": "task593-df57775386904e10975c6a3bae30b1ef", "input": "Question: Birds and insects perform what function for flowering plants? Answer: pollination", "output": [ "Insects and birds pollinate flowering plants, including crop plants." ] }, { "id": "task593-a3a4782462f140b68555625ca9624e35", "input": "Question: Triggered by changes in the environment, migration and hibernation occur as cycles on what temporal basis? Answer: annual", "output": [ "Examples of behaviors with annual cycles include migration and hibernation. Both are innate behaviors. They are triggered by changes in the environment, such as the days growing shorter in the fall." ] }, { "id": "task593-14845665ade54dc2a9d52632a30dff9e", "input": "Question: What is the equation of power released? Answer: voltage x current", "output": [ "; Power released is equal to the voltage multiplied by the current." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ea3a7ccfd9f4755bad4057bc7aaffc2", "input": "Question: What disease, caused by vitamin c deficiency, causes bleeding gums, nosebleeds, and other symptoms? Answer: scurvy", "output": [ "Not getting enough vitamins can cause health problems. For example, too little vitamin C causes a disease called scurvy. People with scurvy have bleeding gums, nosebleeds, and other symptoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-cf2e0145ad4c436ba1694c12964712bd", "input": "Question: Fossil fuels and nuclear power are what type of resource? Answer: nonrenewable", "output": [ "Nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels and nuclear power." ] }, { "id": "task593-307aae5f16aa4dbf965fe5d4c8239b32", "input": "Question: What is the property that determines the amount of current flow through a particular material? Answer: resistance", "output": [ "Resistance is the property that determines the amount of current flow through a particular material." ] }, { "id": "task593-b12bd849ef9d43788b9d696069894d5b", "input": "Question: Female monotremes lack a uterus and vagina. instead they have what? Answer: cloaca", "output": [ "Female monotremes lack a uterus and vagina. Instead, they have a cloaca with one opening, like the cloacas of reptiles and birds. The opening is used to excrete wastes as well as lay eggs." ] }, { "id": "task593-91ddca65c9414e9985103aa7e39f8402", "input": "Question: What do plasmodesmata connect to in the plant cell? Answer: cytoplasms", "output": [ "Plasmodesmata are gaps between plant cells, connecting the cytoplasms of plant cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-e139a31ba9a540fa89b4d26304a82cc7", "input": "Question: What two structures are found on mars? Answer: volcanoes and canyons", "output": [ "The surface of Mars has volcanoes and canyons. There is a polar ice cap and channels that were once filled with water. Curiosity has found evidence of a flowing stream." ] }, { "id": "task593-564bfad342764da0b08d2f90622e492a", "input": "Question: What kind of solids are gummi bears or taffy? Answer: amorphous solids", "output": [ "Some types of candy, such as gummi bears or taffy, are amorphous solids. Table salt has a crystalline geometry." ] }, { "id": "task593-33f8fe8385994762be10e877869a9ecc", "input": "Question: The first plants probably evolved from what? Answer: aquatic green algae", "output": [ "The first plants probably evolved from aquatic green algae. They had male and female reproductive organs. However, they lacked true stems, roots, and leaves." ] }, { "id": "task593-a72511e98af540f49af0d23032df02d4", "input": "Question: The length of a rectangular surface multiplied by its width is equal to what? Answer: area", "output": [ "The area of a rectangular surface is calculated as its length multiplied by its width." ] }, { "id": "task593-c443ce0c8baf43f2bdca517a3525e544", "input": "Question: Mutations in regulatory genes that normally control the cell cycle cause what? Answer: cancer", "output": [ "Mutations in regulatory genes that normally control the cell cycle cause cancer." ] }, { "id": "task593-732b798616b24ffc977ce684f3fa2c12", "input": "Question: Cardiomyocytes are striated muscle cells found where? Answer: in cardiac tissue", "output": [ "Figure 40.13 Cardiomyocytes are striated muscle cells found in cardiac tissue. (credit: modification of work by Dr. Girod, Anton Becker; scale-bar data from Matt Russell)." ] }, { "id": "task593-1498f56bfb0141ed9c55708b6dae4dae", "input": "Question: Deer ticks are the vectors for what disease that affects humans? Answer: lyme disease", "output": [ "USDA, photo by Scott Bauer. Deer ticks are the vectors for Lyme disease . public domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-90e7505ece7d4238969cb95b99d908d5", "input": "Question: What type of fatty acids have bent chains? Answer: unsaturated fatty acids", "output": [ "Fatty Acids. Saturated fatty acids have straight chains, like the three fatty acids shown on the left. Unsaturated fatty acids have bent chains, like all the other fatty acids in the figure." ] }, { "id": "task593-0f8453cf422c4af6aa518555478dd16c", "input": "Question: What is contained in the skin of brightly colored poison dart frogs? Answer: toxins", "output": [ "Adrian Pingstone (Wikimedia: Arpingstone). Brightly colored poison dart frogs have toxins in their skin . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-e0de7aca0dfb4253b88265ebf9254de6", "input": "Question: What is defined as a group of living and nonliving things and their environment? Answer: ecosystem", "output": [ "An ecosystem is a group of living things and their environment. It is made up of both living and nonliving things." ] }, { "id": "task593-b675519da9f24052adf4cba5dfdf7c5a", "input": "Question: What is the name of the relatively large gland in the neck that secretes thyroxin? Answer: thyroid", "output": [ "The thyroid gland is a relatively large gland in the neck. Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland include thyroxin. Thyroxin increases the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-669b3f49c179420dab6383f98def16d4", "input": "Question: What kind of radiation is greatest at the equator and lessens toward the poles? Answer: solar radiation", "output": [ "The amount of solar radiation a place receives is greatest at the Equator and lessens toward the poles." ] }, { "id": "task593-2f111cb7bbc848bd9300a2d8a649736a", "input": "Question: What consists of all the living things and nonliving things interacting in the same area? Answer: ecosystem", "output": [ "An ecosystem consists of all the living things and nonliving things interacting in the same area." ] }, { "id": "task593-e64c60bef3a74bf08b1a6d4d8eb8a5e7", "input": "Question: What has increased the greenhouse effect? Answer: human actions", "output": [ "Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb heat. This is called the greenhouse effect and it makes the planet warmer. Human actions have increased the greenhouse effect." ] }, { "id": "task593-650e455caf5b4c47a46ccdaf68064ef0", "input": "Question: What is the scientific name for the human species? Answer: homo sapiens", "output": [ "The human species evolved during the Cenozoic Era. The scientific name of the human species is Homo sapiens." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7530674b36b49c882db73663b048f3c", "input": "Question: What shape is the orbit of a planet? Answer: elliptical", "output": [ "The orbits of the planets are elliptical." ] }, { "id": "task593-668831c0ec854d73bb0f2ab5dd053d4e", "input": "Question: The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called boiling, while the process of a solid becoming a gas is called what? Answer: sublimation", "output": [ "Temperature does not change during a phase change. The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called boiling; the process of a solid becoming a gas is called sublimation." ] }, { "id": "task593-8734475ee5ea4130ac05ec1b5969c4e4", "input": "Question: What is the only amphibian without legs? Answer: caecilians", "output": [ "Frogs and toads are adapted for jumping. Salamanders and newts may walk or swim. Caecilians live in the water or soil and are the only amphibians without legs." ] }, { "id": "task593-7a7a65ca4df643a9b3030b6db206e39d", "input": "Question: What type of disorders are caused by mutations in genes or abnormal numbers of chromosomes? Answer: genetic disorders", "output": [ "Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few genes. Other genetic disorders are caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-6c84a07b211248eeb616e1f39da3055a", "input": "Question: Acids turn blue litmus paper which color? Answer: red", "output": [ "Certain indicator compounds, such as litmus, can be used to detect acids. Acids turn blue litmus paper red." ] }, { "id": "task593-ec094ccd95574ee59217cef2901e7e26", "input": "Question: How do you test a hypothesis? Answer: conduct experiments", "output": [ "Conduct experiments or make observations to test the hypothesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-61c1936dd2a84b62be535440845490d2", "input": "Question: What can be linked together to form disaccharides or polysaccharides? Answer: monosaccharides", "output": [ "Monosaccharides can be linked together to form disaccharides or polysaccharides." ] }, { "id": "task593-0cf2135cb4814078ab5d580673d0e465", "input": "Question: Electrons flow through wires to create what? Answer: electric current", "output": [ "3. Electrical energy is the energy of moving electrons. Electrons flow through wires to create electric current." ] }, { "id": "task593-6983546190a54233926f508b27bec2e1", "input": "Question: What are interferons? Answer: cytokines", "output": [ "Figure 42.4 Interferons are cytokines that are released by a cell infected with a virus. Response of neighboring cells to interferon helps stem the infection." ] }, { "id": "task593-0915048800b94bfa83b96c75233bcc9b", "input": "Question: Fish use some of their fins to propel themselves through the water and others to do what? Answer: steer", "output": [ "Most fish have several fins for swimming. They use some of their fins to propel themselves through the water and others to steer the body as they swim." ] }, { "id": "task593-658a1fd29d6a42dd9452e2c278fafc46", "input": "Question: Almost all plants make food through what process? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "Almost all plants make food by photosynthesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-ddd2222f9e90451abd227a1322e612ca", "input": "Question: Metamorphic rocks form when an existing rock is changed by heat or what? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Metamorphic rocks form when an existing rock is changed by heat or pressure. The minerals in the rock change but do not melt. The rock experiences these changes within the Earth." ] }, { "id": "task593-4fa654d6863c4e2b8a7039e25de40ef0", "input": "Question: Collisions between hydrogen atoms demonstrate one form of what? Answer: nuclear fusion", "output": [ "Collisions between hydrogen atoms demonstrate one form of nuclear fusion." ] }, { "id": "task593-85c5a325b8c84300b08bb0aefdd45d79", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe the development of new technology? Answer: technological design", "output": [ "The development of new technology is called technological design . It is similar to scientific investigation. Both processes use evidence and logic to solve problems." ] }, { "id": "task593-78034ae7d8f4488ba3214a8fae9897eb", "input": "Question: What do cells do in order to replace damaged or worn out cells? Answer: divide", "output": [ "Cells also divide in order to replace damaged or worn-out cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-4fe72ccac8f7418bb28ecf29eb1f814e", "input": "Question: The spermatids are transported from the testes to where? Answer: epididymis", "output": [ "The spermatids are transported from the testes to the epididymis. Involuntary muscular contraction moves the spermatids along." ] }, { "id": "task593-5cbaf9e2396146d78bc1e958605ce2ec", "input": "Question: What is the term for the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves? Answer: wavelength", "output": [ "Wavelength is one way of measuring the size of waves. It is the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves, usually measured in meters." ] }, { "id": "task593-8037def9a88b49a3ad34e5730fa0b4bb", "input": "Question: Latitude affects the amount of which radiation a place receives? Answer: solar", "output": [ "Latitude affects the amount of solar radiation a place receives." ] }, { "id": "task593-ce6a83d039974e14a8b1e83e9677d7e5", "input": "Question: Hyenas and cockroaches are examples of what decomposers that consume the soft tissues of dead animals? Answer: scavengers", "output": [ "Scavengers are decomposers that consume the soft tissues of dead animals. Examples of scavengers include hyenas and cockroaches." ] }, { "id": "task593-8049ba8cabea40eeb3e8c699c14b844c", "input": "Question: Bond energy is an indication of the amount of energy needed for what to occur? Answer: chemical reaction", "output": [ "Bond energy is an indication of the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-e50b5c64c2d34a03964c301514214896", "input": "Question: The voltage of a voltaic cell can be determined by the reduction potentials of what? Answer: half reactions", "output": [ "The voltage of a voltaic cell can be determined by the reduction potentials of the half reactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-38b980bdafc4470a93a57cb221736934", "input": "Question: What type of biomes are found in the salt water of the ocean? Answer: marine", "output": [ "Marine biomes are found in the salt water of the ocean." ] }, { "id": "task593-c8bec1d949404b9b880be4440ce3d45d", "input": "Question: What organ breaks down excess amino acids and toxins in the blood? Answer: liver", "output": [ "Salamanders can breathe with the help of gills, lungs, or their skin surface." ] }, { "id": "task593-7eaebfe224744776b774f1119f0a18f0", "input": "Question: What two forms can fluids take? Answer: liquid or gas", "output": [ "Fluid friction occurs in fluids, which are liquids or gases." ] }, { "id": "task593-90ad4757153d4358827951acf02cab93", "input": "Question: What do we call the full range of electromagnetic waves? Answer: electromagnetic spectrum", "output": [ "Electromagnetic waves vary in their wavelengths, frequencies, and energy levels. The full range of electromagnetic waves makes up the electromagnetic spectrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-05274edf67d045fdbf114a276f686278", "input": "Question: Metabolism is controlled by regulation of what? Answer: enzyme activity", "output": [ "8.5 Regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism." ] }, { "id": "task593-2bd6536489404becb451984abd46152d", "input": "Question: What kind of map can show the features of the bottom of a body of water? Answer: bathymetric", "output": [ "Oceanographers use bathymetric maps to show the features of the bottom of a body of water." ] }, { "id": "task593-85f07c23d6dd4323916b8622d4224a09", "input": "Question: Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all what? Answer: hexoses", "output": [ "Figure 3.5 Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all hexoses. They are structural isomers, meaning they have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6) but a different arrangement of atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-dc02bbb3fc6741a79fa6543d7d5ce8dc", "input": "Question: Bond lengths are intermediate between covalent single bonds and what? Answer: covalent double bonds", "output": [ "Bond lengths are intermediate between covalent single bonds and covalent double bonds." ] }, { "id": "task593-cd94d4ffd09b429da630786d111cfe28", "input": "Question: Where does digestion begin? Answer: mouth", "output": [ "Figure 23.28 Digestion and Absorption Digestion begins in the mouth and continues as food travels through the small intestine. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine." ] }, { "id": "task593-73d7e3a612ac461d81bd8b51ecf34140", "input": "Question: Where are the pharyngeal slits located? Answer: pharynx", "output": [ "The pharyngeal slits are located in the pharynx. The pharynx is the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts." ] }, { "id": "task593-7f31470e06c24cd6838c075d18d5ec20", "input": "Question: The soil beneath a deciduous forest is called what? Answer: pedalfer", "output": [ "The soil beneath a deciduous forest is a pedalfer. These soils are very fertile." ] }, { "id": "task593-e9fdd5fc1a1940759695b0a804a945b3", "input": "Question: Sugars, starches, and cellulose are examples of what biochemical compounds that organisms use for energy? Answer: carbohydrates", "output": [ "Carbohydrates are biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose. They contain oxygen in addition to carbon and hydrogen. Organisms use carbohydrates mainly for energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-ab7d5a7f2e804a508c381dffed6a9e83", "input": "Question: The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion is called? Answer: a parabola", "output": [ "The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion is a parabola." ] }, { "id": "task593-a9d19ff80ce845de9ce555fe761b1126", "input": "Question: What word describes a molecule that repels polar water? Answer: hydrophobic", "output": [ "The other end of each phospholipid molecule is nonpolar and has no electric charge. This end of the phospholipid molecule repels polar water and is described as hydrophobic, or “water hating. ”." ] }, { "id": "task593-9903d11f8d114169a6a8bd5ebc35ecac", "input": "Question: What can be identified as an element, a compound, or a mixture? Answer: matter", "output": [ "Matter can be identified as an element, a compound, or a mixture." ] }, { "id": "task593-d344da8c82ce4b2f9e127204dd081bc1", "input": "Question: What is the force pushing a rocket called? Answer: thrust", "output": [ "Most halogens have a variety of important uses. A few are described in the Table below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-2cfb7f0916734a4182b8b303b13bf659", "input": "Question: What is formed from an alcohol that loses water? Answer: alkenes", "output": [ "Alcohols can lose water to form alkenes." ] }, { "id": "task593-01a2a4acb1b147679ddfc9484fe5fee8", "input": "Question: What common air pollutant is characterized by its sharp odor and often triggers asthma attacks? Answer: nitrogen dioxide", "output": [ "Nitrogen dioxide is a toxic gas with a sharp odor. It can irritate the eyes and throat and trigger asthma attacks. It is a major air pollutant." ] }, { "id": "task593-f807d3ebfb46495fb72799c8e334437f", "input": "Question: What is the name for spherical groups of old stars held tightly together by gravity? Answer: globular clusters", "output": [ "Globular clusters are spherical groups of old stars held tightly together by gravity." ] }, { "id": "task593-049415d7fec942a784bc32306ed7bd26", "input": "Question: Catabolic reactions involve breaking what? Answer: bonds", "output": [ "Catabolic reactions involve breaking bonds. Larger molecules break down to form smaller ones. These reactions release energy. For example, energy is released when starches break down to sugars." ] }, { "id": "task593-cd8cf2544e1d4976bc4bfed22fbd1bd1", "input": "Question: Gastropods, cephalopods, and bivalves are examples of what class? Answer: mollusks", "output": [ "Mollusks are divided into ten living classes, including the familiar gastropods, cephalopods, and bivalves." ] }, { "id": "task593-620d399919ba465fa89f4667aadbd007", "input": "Question: Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall located outside of the __________? Answer: plasma membrane", "output": [ "Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall outside their plasma membrane." ] }, { "id": "task593-aaf5c621b11f4fe2bce76d2a52d0e882", "input": "Question: Planets are held by the force of gravity in elliptical orbits around what? Answer: sun", "output": [ "Planets are held by the force of gravity in elliptical orbits around the Sun." ] }, { "id": "task593-9f14aead0aad4e808ff4bf3054d0003a", "input": "Question: Reactant concentrations are highest at which part of a reaction? Answer: beginning", "output": [ "Reactant concentrations are highest at the beginning of a reaction. The plot of [C] versus tis a curve with a slope that becomes steadily less positive." ] }, { "id": "task593-7e7cd299f8bc48b0826e541425b10fff", "input": "Question: What is found at the top of the stamen? Answer: pollen", "output": [ "The next structure is the stamen , consisting of the stalk-like filament that holds up the anther , or pollen sac. The pollen, which is found at the top of the stamen, is the male gametophyte." ] }, { "id": "task593-7c46a20cb64a44f884b0772f0e466cd7", "input": "Question: What are liverworts with a flattened, ribbon-like body called? Answer: thallose liverworts", "output": [ "Jason Hollinger. Liverworts with a flattened, ribbon-like body are called thallose liverworts . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-19b221073bec4d5f8ab6ba9afe3f7197", "input": "Question: Scanning acoustic microscopes use what kind of waves to scan a specimen? Answer: sound waves", "output": [ "Scanning acoustic microscopes use sound waves to scan a specimen. These microscopes are useful in biology and medical research." ] }, { "id": "task593-9743cc33db344d28b61981fa8a343531", "input": "Question: When traveling through space what do mechanical waves lose? Answer: energy", "output": [ "An electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave that can travel across space as well as through matter. When it travels through space, it doesn’t lose energy to a medium as a mechanical wave does." ] }, { "id": "task593-6fb1c87381e14da4ba532ae06a4d8f01", "input": "Question: What make us sick when they become human parasites? Answer: protozoa", "output": [ "Most protist diseases in humans are caused by animal-like protists, or protozoa. Protozoa make us sick when they become human parasites. Three examples of parasitic protozoa are described below." ] }, { "id": "task593-fa074730006f4297b2706290b0cc3b70", "input": "Question: Amoebas and paramecia are examples of what? Answer: protozoa", "output": [ "Examples of protozoa include amoebas and paramecia." ] }, { "id": "task593-3b3e4de204874ee09bfc57f94e547f32", "input": "Question: What is responsible for the properties of metals? Answer: the metallic bond", "output": [ "The metallic bond is responsible for the properties of metals." ] }, { "id": "task593-83da304924f44b5c932c724a54df07cc", "input": "Question: The monosaccharide glucose is broken down through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions known as what? Answer: glycolysis", "output": [ "The monosaccharide glucose is broken down through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions known as glycolysis." ] }, { "id": "task593-fb9d09709c8d4698be3d1a885e608175", "input": "Question: Volcanoes are termed active, dormant, or extinct depending on the possibility of the presence of what in chamber structures? Answer: magma", "output": [ "Volcanoes may be active, dormant, or extinct. This depends on whether there is the possibility of magma in their magma chambers." ] }, { "id": "task593-d7a50c1f121a4ec8bae6adecefad2ba1", "input": "Question: What does an electric field surround? Answer: a charged particle", "output": [ "An electric field is a space surrounding a charged particle where the particle exerts electric force." ] }, { "id": "task593-87d94a31d41145fba814f9c8010cf1ec", "input": "Question: Which metalloids are found in the nitrogen group? Answer: arsenic and antimony", "output": [ "Group 15 is called the nitrogen group. The metalloids in this group are arsenic and antimony. Group 15 also contains two nonmetals and one metal." ] }, { "id": "task593-564e7fd2340b4e2da8af861ce67154b6", "input": "Question: Tapeworms are what type of flatworms? Answer: parasitic", "output": [ "Flatworms can be free-living or parasitic. Tapeworms are parasitic flatworms." ] }, { "id": "task593-9333837b8ef04c67a80e070cd9ce9492", "input": "Question: What occurs when water on the surface changes to water vapor? Answer: evaporation", "output": [ "Evaporation occurs when water on the surface changes to water vapor. The sun heats the water and gives water molecules enough energy to escape into the atmosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-8a0447e821cc4236a650b2c030800ba6", "input": "Question: What causes nitrate to go back to its gaseous nitrogen state? Answer: denitrifying bacteria", "output": [ "Denitrifying bacteria turn nitrate back into gaseous nitrogen." ] }, { "id": "task593-e3e10f72d93d4adaa31cf7edbb6e07a9", "input": "Question: Which organ's diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes? Answer: kidney", "output": [ "Kidney diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes. Kidney failure may be treated with dialysis." ] }, { "id": "task593-92efa1bf1fcd425b911ba0c73302d2a1", "input": "Question: What includes all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and how they interact? Answer: ecosystem", "output": [ "An ecosystem is a unit of nature. It consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and all the ways in which they interact." ] }, { "id": "task593-f5bb911e06324d14a133e79248378219", "input": "Question: In how many ways ca a living organism obtain chemical energy Answer: two", "output": [ "Living organisms obtain chemical energy in one of two ways." ] }, { "id": "task593-85bd24fa4d6d447ba59b4c4b8a45338a", "input": "Question: Whisk ferns have yellow sporangia and no what? Answer: leaves", "output": [ "Whisk ferns have yellow sporangia and no leaves." ] }, { "id": "task593-c718e30662c84dfe8bb645d3416f060d", "input": "Question: What happens to the volume of a gas as the kelvin temperature increases? Answer: it increases", "output": [ "The volume of a gas increases as the Kelvin temperature increases." ] }, { "id": "task593-38c73a0369d04ee6b3cc873aa2949b28", "input": "Question: The rings of what planet can be easily seen from earth? Answer: saturn", "output": [ "All of the outer planets have numerous moons. They also have planetary rings made of dust and other small particles. Only the rings of Saturn can be easily seen from Earth." ] }, { "id": "task593-80292b3e2228484ebc85a43a98d6a01e", "input": "Question: Where does digestion take place within an incomplete digestive system? Answer: gastrovascular cavity", "output": [ "Flatworms have an incomplete digestive system. This means that the digestive tract has only one opening. Digestion takes place in the gastrovascular cavity." ] }, { "id": "task593-f167b90d926449cdaeab1aa7da0c8d49", "input": "Question: Birds are the most numerous type of what vertebrates? Answer: tetrapod", "output": [ "Birds evolved from a reptile ancestor but they are very different from reptiles today. Birds are also the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates." ] }, { "id": "task593-c1f245312406473d86c223d33a37ff4c", "input": "Question: Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain what? Answer: a nucleus", "output": [ "Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-0c8bd1b73ff24f07a6d2414f1747c174", "input": "Question: What kind of chain is formed by subduction of oceanic crust beneath a continental or oceanic plate? Answer: volcano", "output": [ "Subduction of oceanic crust beneath a continental or oceanic plate creates a chain of volcanoes." ] }, { "id": "task593-a320cf4100d645e29d7420251bdece38", "input": "Question: What is the most common bacterial sti in the u. s.? Answer: chlamydia", "output": [ "Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI in the U. S. Females are more likely to develop it than males. Symptoms may include burning during urination and a discharge from the vagina or penis." ] }, { "id": "task593-ca4f366f1cf1453cb5ddb75951828138", "input": "Question: In which direction does heat always flow through objects? Answer: from hotter to cooler", "output": [ "The objects are at different temperatures, and heat flows from the hotter to the cooler object. This is always." ] }, { "id": "task593-6f22e13439504f7bb4a41b1c2ae22079", "input": "Question: Shield volcanoes often form along which locations? Answer: divergent plate boundaries", "output": [ "Shield volcanoes often form along divergent plate boundaries. They also form at hot spots, like Hawaii. Shield volcano eruptions are non-explosive." ] }, { "id": "task593-0beb303229c548a18dbb62a0d8665326", "input": "Question: Which chemical element is the basis of all life on earth? Answer: carbon", "output": [ "Carbon is an element. Carbon is the basis of all life on Earth. Since carbon can combine with many other elements it forms a variety of different substances." ] }, { "id": "task593-14a1749c48c94317a2f4b87ac9e0bc60", "input": "Question: What two ways may light be transmitted? Answer: refracted or scattered", "output": [ "Transmitted light may be refracted or scattered. When does each process occur?." ] }, { "id": "task593-9dc49365a384499480d9046026493b38", "input": "Question: What are the dark areas of the moon called? Answer: maria", "output": [ "The Moon has dark areas, called maria, surrounded by lighter colored highland areas, called terrae." ] }, { "id": "task593-940e135f043c4e2e8b9ffb29700949ea", "input": "Question: What two types of hormones regulate mammalian reproduction? Answer: tropic and sex", "output": [ "46.4 The interplay of tropic and sex hormones regulates mammalian reproduction." ] }, { "id": "task593-eeaa3fcf085e467c8d48abc3b18c7b15", "input": "Question: What type of constraints are placed on technological design? Answer: physical and social", "output": [ "Technological design constraints may be physical or social." ] }, { "id": "task593-a747ca3ccb304b77801d442f5f50582b", "input": "Question: Synostoses unite the sacral vertebrae that fuse together to form the what? Answer: adult sacrum", "output": [ "synostoses and fusing the bony components together into the single hip bone of the adult. Similarly, synostoses unite the sacral vertebrae that fuse together to form the adult sacrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-f48a279c82de4582babb3ecdd7ada9e8", "input": "Question: Fluid-filled thylakoids are the site of glucose production in the second stage of what process? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "The interior space that surrounds the thylakoids is filled with a fluid called stroma . This is where carbon dioxide is used to produce glucose, the second part of photosynthesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-4741f8fdf44445ee8218ded2f51c64f5", "input": "Question: What is the only human cell with flagella? Answer: sperm", "output": [ "Sperm cells are the only human cell with flagella . This is because of their need to \"swim\" long distances to reach an egg for fertilization." ] }, { "id": "task593-dc0f474f0525414b9f6381bb969adffa", "input": "Question: Lipids are biochemical compounds such as fats and? Answer: oils", "output": [ "Lipids are biochemical compounds such as fats and oils. Organisms use lipids to store energy. In addition to carbon and hydrogen, lipids contain oxygen." ] }, { "id": "task593-3def82a17c7e4f4e987437893dcebe4c", "input": "Question: What are people called that choose to study science? Answer: scientists", "output": [ "Scientists are regular people who chose to study science. They are experts in done or more fields of science." ] }, { "id": "task593-70794243bc8943ca8752bf5112938231", "input": "Question: Both oxygen and glucose are transported within the body via what? Answer: blood", "output": [ "Oxygen is just one substance transported by the blood. The blood also transports nutrients such as glucose." ] }, { "id": "task593-9523845aa5e64ee19e4f084ef55914bf", "input": "Question: Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal are all types of what? Answer: muscle", "output": [ "The three types of muscles in the body include skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle." ] }, { "id": "task593-3b5cf1930c024fb5a7dc9b1cc4c8a434", "input": "Question: The nucleolus, which makes ribosomes, is located within what cell structure? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "The nucleolus, which makes ribosomes, is also within the nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-9eeb585d68d24c96bf847cbdb1dc9ae4", "input": "Question: When hit from behind in a car crash, a passenger can suffer a neck injury called what? Answer: whiplash", "output": [ "When hit from behind in a car crash, a passenger can suffer a neck injury called whiplash . Explain in terms of inertia how this occurs, and how headrests can prevent the injury." ] }, { "id": "task593-d3cb38124cb947e086ed9f2f79058d1e", "input": "Question: What hypothesis states that the biosphere is its own living organism Answer: the gaia hypothesis", "output": [ "The Gaia hypothesis states that the biosphere is its own living organism." ] }, { "id": "task593-860f1b6e2779441dbfdf3ecb879e9e8c", "input": "Question: What combines with rain to form acid rain? Answer: nitrogen and sulfur oxides", "output": [ "Courtesy of the U. S. EPA. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides combine with rain to form acid rain . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-4f9a9e7e6c6746cfa35f9646338192ed", "input": "Question: What is it called when one or more ending digits are dropped to get the correct number of significant figures? Answer: rounding", "output": [ "Rounding is done when one or more ending digits are dropped to get the correct number of significant figures. Simple rules state when to round up and when to round down." ] }, { "id": "task593-457b80f11c314326b9ca07cf8964653d", "input": "Question: What do scientists think are the oldest eukaryotes? Answer: protists", "output": [ "Scientists think that protists are the oldest eukaryotes." ] }, { "id": "task593-fa19d087c3f44b4c935ba38693a456b8", "input": "Question: What does urine leave the body through? Answer: urethra", "output": [ "Urine leaves the body through the urethra ." ] }, { "id": "task593-700d9e16f3d34ddfa4b21d8c6a639929", "input": "Question: What basic structures are the site of all the life functions of an organism? Answer: cells", "output": [ "all the life functions of an organism occur within cells,." ] }, { "id": "task593-1a9e36d6ef1242449fc22cc930b9f125", "input": "Question: Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or what else? Answer: extinct", "output": [ "Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or extinct." ] }, { "id": "task593-ea05e59f6cf541508799ed24b5d68892", "input": "Question: Polarization occurs between a charged and what other object? Answer: neutral", "output": [ "Polarization occurs between a charged and neutral object." ] }, { "id": "task593-a5d6648a28f442f3a34842fdb6760e30", "input": "Question: What is the simple sugar that living things us to store energy? Answer: glucose", "output": [ "simple sugar that all living things use to store and transport energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-82d97bb6f2c54602a00509e858e45703", "input": "Question: Why do viruses not belong to any domain of life? Answer: they are nonliving", "output": [ "Which of the three domains of life do viruses belong to? None. Why? Viruses are usually considered to be nonliving. Viruses do not meet most of the criteria of life. They are not even made of cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-9dddc5100ab848589910c1defacd6584", "input": "Question: What creates wet and dry zones at different latitudes? Answer: global air currents", "output": [ "Temperature falls from the equator to the poles. Global air currents create wet and dry zones at different latitudes. They also create global winds." ] }, { "id": "task593-96b56d269f3d4498a6f2b20cba746869", "input": "Question: What is the quantity of force multiplied by the time it is applied called? Answer: impulse", "output": [ "The quantity of force multiplied by the time it is applied is called impulse." ] }, { "id": "task593-5a8369e2971742109b1cc5443cbf824d", "input": "Question: Single-displacement reactions are a subset of what? Answer: redox reactions", "output": [ "Single-displacement reactions are a subset of redox reactions. In this subset, what is oxidized and what is reduced? Give an example of a redox reaction that is not a single-displacement reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-7bde90dda7e64ab6af2f4e89fd130e98", "input": "Question: What are the extremely small particles that comprise all matter? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-e70687488322401395d82d25610e2920", "input": "Question: Where are free-living roundworms mainly found? Answer: freshwater habitats", "output": [ "Free-living roundworms are found mainly in freshwater habitats." ] }, { "id": "task593-05dbc85264b147338c87fe6eba0a6c89", "input": "Question: What are two basic types of pollutants in the air? Answer: primary and secondary pollutants", "output": [ "There are two basic types of pollutants in air. They are known as primary pollutants and secondary pollutants." ] }, { "id": "task593-ef37fbd8b2b2479cb6b1e03bdf6532d3", "input": "Question: Heat and light are forms of what, which refers to the ability to do work? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Energy is the ability to do work. Heat and light are forms of energy. Energy can change form. It can also move from place to place." ] }, { "id": "task593-e0390649e87a472b969d1e8e8d17ea9a", "input": "Question: How many continents do birds breed on? Answer: 7", "output": [ "Birds live and breed in most terrestrial habitats on all seven continents. They occupy a wide range of ecological positions." ] }, { "id": "task593-6991caa83e894debb447766c8a0416a8", "input": "Question: When calculating impulse, consider the change in _______ of one of the objects in the collision? Answer: momentum", "output": [ "the initial momentum of an object. When calculating impulse, consider the change in momentum of one of the objects in the collision." ] }, { "id": "task593-2196ed6001c140ca9a042ef3350ccffc", "input": "Question: What two element makes up a hyrdocarbon? Answer: carbon and hydrogen", "output": [ "The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons and are composed of carbon and hydrogen." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c19e6a97e8146ebacfa9bca227fcc22", "input": "Question: What part of the sweet potato store sugar from photosynthesis as starch? Answer: roots", "output": [ "Secondary growth of sweet potato roots provides more space to store food. Roots store sugar from photosynthesis as starch. What other starchy roots do people eat?." ] }, { "id": "task593-82d552db0b6240d4a9f0350c5dd871a9", "input": "Question: What type of evolution often happens in species that have symbiotic relationships? Answer: coevolution", "output": [ "Coevolution often happens in species that have symbiotic relationships. Examples include flowering plants and their pollinators." ] }, { "id": "task593-0b4f5d68806c40fd896b254c299f055c", "input": "Question: Which metal is not solid at room temperature? Answer: mercury", "output": [ "All metals except for mercury are solids at room temperature. Many metals are shiny, ductile, and malleable. Most are also good conductors of heat." ] }, { "id": "task593-a3672bbd5de1413883767433078a275b", "input": "Question: Elements are pure substances that make up what? Answer: all matter", "output": [ "Elements are pure substances that make up all matter, so each one is given a unique name. The names of elements are also represented by unique one-, two-, or three- letter symbols." ] }, { "id": "task593-239c6c69886d43789acca9f50cd31252", "input": "Question: What is tube-shaped and brings urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder? Answer: ureters", "output": [ "Ureters are tube-shaped and bring urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder." ] }, { "id": "task593-36b75d29694144ea8fc7fa05746eac14", "input": "Question: What is the basic unit of structure and function of living things? Answer: cell", "output": [ "All forms of life are built of cells. A cell is the basic unit of the structure and function of living things." ] }, { "id": "task593-24a04b02b4af4f519c7a5854b5b906a8", "input": "Question: What type of air may get stuck on the windward side of a mountain range? Answer: maritime air", "output": [ "Maritime air may become stuck on the windward side of a mountain range. For this reason it is unable to bring cooler air farther inland." ] }, { "id": "task593-8d6685fe1f104a2ba4a3c60a7cea9f1c", "input": "Question: Sex-linked traits are located on genes on what chromosomes? Answer: sex", "output": [ "Sex-linked traits are located on genes on the sex chromosomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-5ff0b6f984234c84af436c9aea41a6cd", "input": "Question: Water molds are commonly found in moist soil and where else? Answer: surface water", "output": [ "Water molds are commonly found in moist soil and surface water. Many water molds are plant pathogens or fish parasites." ] }, { "id": "task593-ef43abf4454245839be1a5633c6229a8", "input": "Question: In order to create food, what do photosynthetic protists use? Answer: light energy", "output": [ "Photosynthetic protists use light energy to make food. They are major producers in aquatic ecosystems." ] }, { "id": "task593-5f732f7613404b78b8afdefac40532f1", "input": "Question: What is a soft, malleable, and corrosion resistant material called? Answer: lead", "output": [ "Lead is a soft, malleable, and corrosion resistant material. The ancient Romans used lead to make water pipes, some of which are still in use today." ] }, { "id": "task593-5a0d6c9e0be84b78a4e9c1b845219b73", "input": "Question: Video and audio signals are broadcast on these? Answer: electromagnetic waves", "output": [ "video and audio signals broadcast on electromagnetic waves." ] }, { "id": "task593-bd0cc0a8bce44f16ac9d55480fcffe95", "input": "Question: What is the method of reproduction for echinoderms? Answer: external fertilization", "output": [ "Echinoderms generally reproduce by external fertilization; regeneration is fairly common among echinoderms." ] }, { "id": "task593-6fff9ef7b6194c9891eadad6e658f001", "input": "Question: How many pairs of chromosomes are there? Answer: 23", "output": [ "Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-78a43235df5f4655b63b84cd21aaab6f", "input": "Question: What does the activity of an organism depend on the totality of? Answer: independent cells", "output": [ "the activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells,." ] }, { "id": "task593-0056926dabe2438d91277468ed854bb8", "input": "Question: What are the primary causes of bone fractures? Answer: sideways impact or bending", "output": [ "Each ionic compound has its own unique name that comes from the names of the ions." ] }, { "id": "task593-61dc18b30a2e444388dcdac5c1ff31e0", "input": "Question: What mirrors diverge light rays and, thus, have a negative focal length? Answer: convex", "output": [ "behind the mirror. Convex mirrors diverge light rays and, thus, have a negative focal length." ] }, { "id": "task593-e6c53d3ab90c42168e7189329c967b9b", "input": "Question: What occurs when waves interact with other waves? Answer: interference", "output": [ "Wave interference occurs when waves interact with other waves. Constructive interference increases wave amplitude. Destructive interference decreases wave amplitude." ] }, { "id": "task593-7666f83dafe3444d9f807e82755e597f", "input": "Question: What type of plants are the mosses, the hornwarts, and the liverworts considered to be? Answer: nonvascular", "output": [ "Nonvascular plants include the mosses, the hornworts, and the liverworts." ] }, { "id": "task593-eb199d3df9fe4ccdb930deb226ed420a", "input": "Question: Radar maps of venus show that it has mountains, canyons and volcanoes surrounded by plains of what? Answer: lava", "output": [ "Radar maps of Venus show that it has mountains, canyons and volcanoes surrounded by plains of lava." ] }, { "id": "task593-c51f23bf555e4093915dbe115acebad2", "input": "Question: The term salt can refer to essentially any of what compounds? Answer: ionic", "output": [ "where the term salt can refer to essentially any ionic compound. An example would be the reaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide:." ] }, { "id": "task593-2c314eb736734825865b142345693fbb", "input": "Question: What method do scientists use to answer questions? Answer: scientific method", "output": [ "Scientists use the scientific method to answer questions. The scientific method is a series of steps. These steps help scientists (or even just people!) investigate a question." ] }, { "id": "task593-6d5ebce503624720b591138ae115113f", "input": "Question: Types of compounds include covalent and which other compounds? Answer: ionic", "output": [ "Types of compounds include covalent and ionic compounds. They differ in the nature of the bonds that hold their atoms or ions together." ] }, { "id": "task593-053fe7c085194d18bd3bde8bb3381f61", "input": "Question: Nitrogen and sulfur oxides form what type of rain? Answer: acid rain", "output": [ "Both nitrogen and sulfur oxides are toxic to humans. These compounds can cause lung diseases or make them worse. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides form acid rain, which is described in the next concept." ] }, { "id": "task593-c457cc9d828642b898aac00c516516b6", "input": "Question: What science is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes? Answer: chemistry", "output": [ "Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes." ] }, { "id": "task593-d2bb5bb64cd14706840d22cb0ad75260", "input": "Question: Instead of wood, what do some fireplaces use? Answer: propane", "output": [ "Some fireplaces use propane gas rather than wood as fuel." ] }, { "id": "task593-0661978c64eb48aaa560437ea3e81014", "input": "Question: Chemical reactions follow the laws of what? Answer: thermodynamics", "output": [ "Chemical reactions follow the laws of thermodynamics." ] }, { "id": "task593-11129727a64340fda300efde19813400", "input": "Question: At equilibrium reactants and what are equally abundant? Answer: products", "output": [ "Reactants and products are equally abundant at equilibrium." ] }, { "id": "task593-626c6c1a69a3462ab536ddcfa1ec2395", "input": "Question: What is the minimum number of pulleys needed for a compound pulley? Answer: 2", "output": [ "Single pulleys may be fixed or moveable. Compound pulleys consist of two or more pulleys." ] }, { "id": "task593-94c9074b300d4e028c1729906ce11c4c", "input": "Question: Individuals with sickle cell anemia have crescent-shaped what? Answer: red blood cells", "output": [ "Figure 39.21 Individuals with sickle cell anemia have crescent-shaped red blood cells. (credit: modification of work by Ed Uthman; scale-bar data from Matt Russell)." ] }, { "id": "task593-ca740450de4a4192acb173226bd62ae6", "input": "Question: Mutations that lead to cancer usually occur in genes that control the cell cycle. these include tumor-suppressor genes and what? Answer: proto-oncogenes", "output": [ "Mutations that lead to cancer usually occur in genes that control the cell cycle. These include tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes." ] }, { "id": "task593-2be45f937ce644ba93bc69f493fc6a3b", "input": "Question: Where does the earth gets its energy from? Answer: sun", "output": [ "Earth gets its energy from the Sun. The Sun gives off photons of energy that travel in waves. All the wavelengths of the Sun’s energy make up the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-ab72a5afca6f44bbb008ec7937beb7b6", "input": "Question: Mixtures that have the same composition throughout are known as what kinds of mixtures? Answer: homogeneous", "output": [ "Some mixtures are homogeneous. This means they have the same composition throughout. An example is salt water in the ocean. Ocean water everywhere is about 3.5 percent salt." ] }, { "id": "task593-85a18a46579e49fc84e1caba5634e44d", "input": "Question: Melting, sublimation, and evaporation absorb what from their surroundings? Answer: heat", "output": [ "Melting, sublimation, and evaporation absorb heat from their surroundings. Freezing, deposition, and condensation release heat." ] }, { "id": "task593-b601d847b8064e49884a1c6a3a2954ce", "input": "Question: Zinc is what kind of metal.? Answer: active transition metal", "output": [ "Figure 18.7 Zinc is an active transition metal. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid, forming a solution of colorless Zn 2+ ions, Cl– ions, and hydrogen gas." ] }, { "id": "task593-5d85c7827bf347b3a46e47e69c8ce317", "input": "Question: The law of conservation mass states that matter cannot be created or what? Answer: destroyed", "output": [ "The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed." ] }, { "id": "task593-fb019e91b0d7472a9983e3cc4373dc32", "input": "Question: What term is used for darwin's idea that in stable geologic and climatic conditions evolution occurred gradually? Answer: gradualism", "output": [ "When geologic and climatic conditions are stable, evolution may occur gradually. This is how Darwin thought evolution occurred. This model of the timing of evolution is called gradualism ." ] }, { "id": "task593-c0bdedff307d4f758d893ac699d4f7b5", "input": "Question: What are color and hardness physical properties of? Answer: matter", "output": [ "A: You can see that snow and sand have a different color. You can also feel that snow is softer than sand. Both color and hardness are physical properties of matter." ] }, { "id": "task593-3ac6cf95ca7c4dddaf68ffbc78cc8bc4", "input": "Question: What is the upper-most atmosphere known as? Answer: thermosphere", "output": [ "The atmosphere is a big part of the water cycle. What do you think would happen to Earth’s water without it?." ] }, { "id": "task593-2da8a6ac4a8e40c8ad367074c29c4e5e", "input": "Question: The lifecycle of an ascomycete is characterized by the production of what during the sexual phase? Answer: asci", "output": [ "Figure 24.13 The lifecycle of an ascomycete is characterized by the production of asci during the sexual phase. The haploid phase is the predominant phase of the life cycle." ] }, { "id": "task593-d701c963defd4ec8b4dee447bafe95a3", "input": "Question: Are cnidarians typically found in ocean or fresh water habitats? Answer: ocean", "output": [ "Cnidarians can be found in almost all ocean habitats. A few species live in fresh water." ] }, { "id": "task593-e67ad4c088b44cb38c1eceb9ea4ad1b6", "input": "Question: Each myofibril is made up of two types of proteins, called actin and what? Answer: myosin", "output": [ "Each myofibril is made up of two types of proteins, called actin and myosin. These proteins form thread-like filaments." ] }, { "id": "task593-a1b054cfe30b4219be02b946f20b4f1e", "input": "Question: Hotspots can be used to tell the speed and direction that what object is moving? Answer: plates", "output": [ "Hotspots can be used to tell the speed and direction that a plate is moving." ] }, { "id": "task593-4afacdaa10c44c1aba8e25421678c20f", "input": "Question: Opposite charges attract and like charges do what? Answer: repulse", "output": [ "Opposite charges attract and like charges repulse." ] }, { "id": "task593-c688a5aa093f4724bb5fdbb536920871", "input": "Question: Convection is the transfer of what type of energy by particles moving through a fluid? Answer: thermal", "output": [ "Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through a fluid. The particles transfer energy by moving from warmer to cooler areas. They move in loops called convection currents." ] }, { "id": "task593-2c33af5be9e34d99aa3bc5d3562ca6ac", "input": "Question: What is the name of the thin layer that acts as a boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere? Answer: stratopause", "output": [ "At the top of the stratosphere is a thin layer called the stratopause. It acts as a boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-caa24e7862624f9b9abd4734f11467fc", "input": "Question: What is another term for movable joints? Answer: synovial", "output": [ "Movable joints are also known as synovial joints . This is because the space between the bones is filled with a thick fluid, called synovial fluid , that cushions the joint (see Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-a19be93d46c54f95908d472fc3deebe9", "input": "Question: What is the name for something that consists of all the population in a given area together with the nonliving environment? Answer: ecosystem", "output": [ "An ecosystem consists of all the populations in a given area, together with the nonliving environment." ] }, { "id": "task593-f0b86c61398742d49c5b351b334a3c21", "input": "Question: What type of energy is useful to humans because it's ease of transport and conversion to other forms of energy? Answer: electrical", "output": [ "Electrical energy is useful to us mostly because it is easy to transport and can be easily converted to or from other forms of energy. Of course, conversion involves wast, typically as heat." ] }, { "id": "task593-10c77bb968e04463b0a34fc3c7abfc1e", "input": "Question: Which kind of vertebrates are amphibians? Answer: ectothermic vertebrates", "output": [ "Like fish, amphibians are ectothermic vertebrates. They belong to the class Amphibia. There are three orders:." ] }, { "id": "task593-ac36ea31ae964dfc875c4327f304e4d9", "input": "Question: What is the term for the deepest places on earth? Answer: trenches", "output": [ "a deep hole in the seafloor where subduction takes place; trenches are the deepest places on Earth." ] }, { "id": "task593-3132fb26f36745e290d2b8b4478bebfa", "input": "Question: The kinetic-molecular theory as it applies to gases has how many basic assumptions? Answer: five", "output": [ "The kinetic-molecular theory as it applies to gases has five basic assumptions." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e7d23803f874e5b8e04dedd3556e34e", "input": "Question: Endocytosis and exocytosis are types of vesicle transport that carry very large molecules across what structure? Answer: cell membrane", "output": [ "Illustration of the two types of vesicle transport, exocytosis and endocytosis. Endocytosis and exocytosis are types of vesicle transport that carry very large molecules across the cell membrane." ] }, { "id": "task593-2e880c3a61a64915ad4ae7cd3c00b161", "input": "Question: The value that occurs most often in a data set is called the? Answer: mode", "output": [ "The mode is the most common value. It is the value that occurs most often." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa5880cea1924307b011c3f57d36b1fc", "input": "Question: What is the comparison of two factors within a population? Answer: correlation", "output": [ "Correlation is a comparison of two factors within a population. Correlation does not imply causation." ] }, { "id": "task593-d6d84b8fa1bc45f89d0d891e12764222", "input": "Question: What system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream? Answer: the endocrine system", "output": [ "The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream." ] }, { "id": "task593-ade4f1c0718248fd8f9cc901f48e0ed0", "input": "Question: Angiosperms possess reproductive structures that attract animals that perform what role? Answer: pollination", "output": [ "structure in angiosperms consisting of male and female reproductive structures that attracts animal pollinators." ] }, { "id": "task593-3d4c6f3d289347be84dbdcab80a16995", "input": "Question: What are the dark areas that appear on the sun called? Answer: sunspots", "output": [ "Tiny Mercury is the small black dot in the lower center of this picture of the Sun. The larger dark area near the left edge is a sunspot." ] }, { "id": "task593-1bf0f5c0fe7841c2a5a403f158716c44", "input": "Question: Fungi are unique in having cell walls made of what? Answer: chitin", "output": [ "Fungi are a kingdom in the domain Eukarya that includes molds, mushrooms, and yeasts. Most fungi are multicellular. They are unique in having cell walls made of chitin." ] }, { "id": "task593-e9f43bc084464a78aa07378933491811", "input": "Question: What are the three stages of water? Answer: ice, liquid, vapor", "output": [ "(A) Natalie Lucier; (B) Gareth Haywood; (C) Lynn Greyling. Ice, liquid, and water vapor are the three phases of water . (A) CC BY 2.0; (B) CC BY 2.0; (C) Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-dd8d152a6fee4b8b82dc9bc45bd1dafb", "input": "Question: Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has what element, which is essential for human life, present in all three of its states? Answer: water", "output": [ "Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has water in all three states." ] }, { "id": "task593-917dc2d85a504e8cb3bb66e59ecb895b", "input": "Question: The lymphatic system helps return fluid that leaks from the blood vessels back to what system? Answer: cardiovascular", "output": [ "The lymphatic system helps return fluid that leaks from the blood vessels back to the cardiovascular system." ] }, { "id": "task593-cde1dc50436b4eb488926b1b6113a146", "input": "Question: What is happening to the rate of the expansion of the universe? Answer: it is increasing", "output": [ "The rate of the expansion of the universe is increasing. The cause of this increase is unknown; one possible explanation involves a new form of energy called dark energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-5bfc0479cedb454fa1feef5565e40e90", "input": "Question: What is regulated by the reticular formation? Answer: wakefulness", "output": [ "Wakefulness is regulated by the reticular formation, which is present in the." ] }, { "id": "task593-4fe7aefb501548be99bf2f14d437f476", "input": "Question: What is capable of altering the rate of time passing? Answer: strong gravitational fields", "output": [ "Strong gravitational fields can alter the rate of time passing. True." ] }, { "id": "task593-5e2129bbe38943d3aec56a76b64f64f3", "input": "Question: What type of gas are stars made up of? Answer: hydrogen", "output": [ "the fact that stars are made up of very lightweight hydrogen gas." ] }, { "id": "task593-853ecbac818a40e5a8e2880227225c50", "input": "Question: What is the term for a mixture that varies in its composition? Answer: heterogeneous", "output": [ "The rock in Figure above is an example of a heterogeneous mixture. A heterogeneous mixture varies in its composition. The black nuggets, for example, are not distributed evenly throughout the rock." ] }, { "id": "task593-fc27bbfd13f240e09c87d994e7cac70f", "input": "Question: What work together in pairs to bend or straighten a joint? Answer: muscles", "output": [ "Muscles work together in pairs to bend or straighten the joint." ] }, { "id": "task593-faf1b8ca291742c1ba27a754f298a9e1", "input": "Question: What are the structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made? Answer: ribosomes", "output": [ "Ribosomes are structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made." ] }, { "id": "task593-e884ad82e7994393af787b9750efb7f5", "input": "Question: Exposure to what can increase the amount of pigment in the skin and make it appear darker? Answer: ultraviolet radiation", "output": [ "Genes are a major determinant of human skin color. However, exposure to ultraviolet radiation can increase the amount of pigment in the skin and make it appear darker." ] }, { "id": "task593-953a89e305b3424cb92ba5755664b101", "input": "Question: What is the method that is a plan for asking questions and testing possible answers called? Answer: scientific investigation", "output": [ "At the heart of science is the scientific investigation, which is done by following the scientific method. A scientific investigation is a plan for asking questions and testing possible answers." ] }, { "id": "task593-67b499ce52de4d988c4ebb0e188a1229", "input": "Question: What do body cells use for energy? Answer: sugars", "output": [ "A: You may eat a wide variety of carbohydrates—from sugars in fruits to starches in potatoes. However, body cells use only sugars for energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-4109e5c26f56415d977af38659340b5b", "input": "Question: What can be calculated by solving the average speed formula? Answer: distance or time", "output": [ "Competition is a relationship between organisms that depend on the same resources. Competition can occur between members of the same species or between members of different species." ] }, { "id": "task593-75cdb273d5b444f6ad84f806e9e73991", "input": "Question: With codominance, both alleles are expressed equally in what? Answer: heterozygotes", "output": [ "With codominance, both alleles are expressed equally in heterozygotes. The red and white flower in Figure below has codominant alleles for red petals and white petals." ] }, { "id": "task593-0a1ca52943974dcbbaffa99f6f21ce71", "input": "Question: Displacement divided by time is equal to the average what? Answer: velocity", "output": [ "Average velocity is displacement divided by time." ] }, { "id": "task593-47170bbd5ace49d8887864d183b4cbe2", "input": "Question: Panting allows dogs to get rid of what? Answer: excess body heat", "output": [ "Dogs pant to lose excess body heat." ] }, { "id": "task593-f2b0ff49c00e4667a34f70244f4b6bbf", "input": "Question: What are all of the living or once-living aspects of the environment called? Answer: biotic factors", "output": [ "Biotic factors are all of the living or once-living aspects of the environment. They include all the organisms that live there as well as the remains of dead organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-bdb654bdf9e8401aacfa63a30433a00f", "input": "Question: Reducing waste, as well as reusing and recycling resources, can help save what? Answer: natural resources", "output": [ "Reducing waste, as well as reusing and recycling resources, can help save natural resources." ] }, { "id": "task593-297217e475954a6fb2df3589c552c1cc", "input": "Question: Where does electric power originate? Answer: power plants", "output": [ "Power plants are where electric power originates. They have electric generators that generate electric current through electromagnetic induction." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d05dec346614c608c44bac1ee788717", "input": "Question: What influence does the horizontal motion of a projectile have on free fall? Answer: none", "output": [ "The horizontal motion of a projectile does not influence its free fall." ] }, { "id": "task593-a8ee21290991443da4cc7e06d68c1cf1", "input": "Question: When water slows down, it starts depositing sediment, starting with which particles first? Answer: largest", "output": [ "How water transports particles depends on their size. When water slows down, it starts depositing sediment, starting with the largest particles first." ] }, { "id": "task593-a367b87bc39344ec9514828315a4755b", "input": "Question: Plants are described by what term, meaning their cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles? Answer: eukaryotic", "output": [ "Plants are multicellular and eukaryotic, meaning their cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles." ] }, { "id": "task593-1305bbdd5a10446586bea0ea4bcb52f4", "input": "Question: What is controlled by regulatory proteins that bind to regulatory elements on dna? Answer: gene transcription", "output": [ "Gene transcription is controlled by regulatory proteins that bind to regulatory elements on DNA. The proteins usually either activate or repress transcription." ] }, { "id": "task593-f5df6fa4e9b44942871ffab46404b4bd", "input": "Question: Which plant group has vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers? Answer: angiosperms", "output": [ "Angiosperms have vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers." ] }, { "id": "task593-9750ae9e056748d8b96bf03a6e7bfa4d", "input": "Question: What can human facial expressions communicate? Answer: emotions", "output": [ "Human facial expressions can communicate a range of emotions." ] }, { "id": "task593-9f1520fa3f5242108a1d027a9fd0e073", "input": "Question: What are created based upon the loss or gain of electrons? Answer: ions", "output": [ "Christopher Auyeung. Ions are created by the loss or gain of electrons . CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-36cb8c5e0be545c5a8c0bea4359cfb37", "input": "Question: What are the two types of earth crust? Answer: oceanic and continental", "output": [ "The crust is less than 1% of Earth by mass. The two types are oceanic crust and continental crust." ] }, { "id": "task593-b9e72012bde242d9b348261e6334d345", "input": "Question: What is the process of changing something from a gas to a liquid? Answer: condensation", "output": [ "Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid." ] }, { "id": "task593-6ad8f629a83340e98b85f9b1e8f2fd7a", "input": "Question: Bony fish can live in either of what type of aquatic biome? Answer: saltwater or freshwater", "output": [ "Bony fish may live in salt water or freshwater. They consume a wide range of foods. For example, they may eat algae, smaller fish, detritus, or dead organisms, depending on the species of fish." ] }, { "id": "task593-a80118f759db4ac7bf47cf87ea2baee6", "input": "Question: Is wind power renewable or non renewable? Answer: renewable", "output": [ "Wind power, a renewable resource, shown here in a modern wind energy farm. The wind is used to turn turbines that generate electricity." ] }, { "id": "task593-5dccc13917cc425d93fa1764b65a22c5", "input": "Question: What change the physical properties of solvents? Answer: solutes", "output": [ "Solutes change the physical properties of solvents. They lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of solvents." ] }, { "id": "task593-2bb61175dc0a41d8aec402b001d88aa1", "input": "Question: The tyndall effect refers to the scattering of what by colloidal particles? Answer: visible light", "output": [ "The Tyndall effect is the scattering of visible light by colloidal particles." ] }, { "id": "task593-89c04e5515ab4240b6cbefc9da350119", "input": "Question: Which system in the human body consists of the heart, a network of blood vessels, and blood? Answer: cardiovascular system", "output": [ "The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, a network of blood vessels, and blood. Blood is a liquid tissue. The heart is a pump that keeps blood flowing through the vessels of the system." ] }, { "id": "task593-f61ecfc5981d4568bf97ff609b9bba43", "input": "Question: What is the distance that sound waves travel in a given amount of time called? Answer: speed of sound", "output": [ "The speed of sound is the distance that sound waves travel in a given amount of time. The speed of sound in dry air at 20 °C is 343 meters per second." ] }, { "id": "task593-e1a245812b1d4421b31b3dfe7e5fafa0", "input": "Question: Boiling points increase with which kind of mass? Answer: molar mass", "output": [ "Carboxylic acids have high boiling points compared to other substances of comparable molar mass. Boiling points increase with molar mass." ] }, { "id": "task593-bbcd580137cd494a896be34cdb9e52b3", "input": "Question: Average acceleration is the rate of change of what? Answer: velocity", "output": [ "Average acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, or the change in velocity per unit time." ] }, { "id": "task593-45117130236a41059138ec4ac3e607c1", "input": "Question: What is the process of generating electric current with a magnetic field? Answer: electromagnetic induction", "output": [ "An electric generator is a device that produces electricity through electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction is the process of generating electric current with a magnetic field." ] }, { "id": "task593-bf76d8a6102245f8abfb3023b614a6c4", "input": "Question: What type of craniates have backbones? Answer: vertebrates", "output": [ "34.3 Vertebrates are craniates that have a backbone." ] }, { "id": "task593-dd78986700fb4ed6ab3a578fa0beaef9", "input": "Question: Each month, starting in puberty, one egg matures and is released from where? Answer: ovary", "output": [ "Each month, starting in puberty, one egg matures and is released from the ovary." ] }, { "id": "task593-8e5f7bb7eae8440889ad11242a7aa489", "input": "Question: The constant \"c\" can be specifically used to represent the (extremely fast) speed of what? Answer: light", "output": [ "n = cv , where v is the observed speed of light in the material. Since the speed of light is always less than only in a vacuum, the index of refraction is always greater than or equal to one." ] }, { "id": "task593-f2b36caa953040409cd9693aaad85a03", "input": "Question: Water droplets form when the air reaches 100-percent what? Answer: humidity", "output": [ "Water droplets form when the air reaches 100% humidity. If the temperature is cold enough, frost will form." ] }, { "id": "task593-500fb0acd4f148ddbe059e0ec08fc720", "input": "Question: The primary amine in which the nitrogen atom is attached directly to a benzene ring has a special name, what is it? Answer: aniline", "output": [ "The primary amine in which the nitrogen atom is attached directly to a benzene ring has a special name—aniline. Aryl amines are named as derivatives of aniline." ] }, { "id": "task593-a11b6352db9443c496ed83df970801c2", "input": "Question: What is moving air called? Answer: wind", "output": [ "Moving air, like moving water, causes erosion. Moving air is called wind." ] }, { "id": "task593-098e4cdc715b42359eea325769771223", "input": "Question: Which layer is found below the lithosphere? Answer: asthenosphere", "output": [ "The asthenosphere is below the lithosphere. The asthenosphere is also in the upper mantle. This layer is solid, but it can flow and bend. A solid that can flow is like silly putty." ] }, { "id": "task593-50ae93849b3643e486713d208295103b", "input": "Question: What happens to a chain of amino acids after it reaches a stop codon? Answer: released from the ribosome", "output": [ "The chain of amino acids keeps growing until a stop codon is reached. Then the chain is released from the ribosome." ] }, { "id": "task593-428913b15b8c4a5a914146969aa6631c", "input": "Question: Where is pedocal soil commonly found? Answer: grasslands", "output": [ "Pedocal is the soil common in grasslands. The more arid climate increases calcium in the soil. Pedocal is not as fertile." ] }, { "id": "task593-4e9abace725047b88080298582fd8194", "input": "Question: Biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose are examples of what? Answer: carbohydrates", "output": [ "Carbohydrates are biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they are used mainly for energy by living things." ] }, { "id": "task593-10d3916ddaf54dc39223c1c41cae501f", "input": "Question: How many types of major tissues do modern plants have? Answer: three", "output": [ "A tissue is a group of specialized cells of the same kind that perform the same function. Modern plants have three major types of tissues. They're called dermal, ground, and vascular tissues." ] }, { "id": "task593-9f7babbe10224243a939b15fae352a13", "input": "Question: What is the transparent outer covering of the eye? Answer: cornea", "output": [ "The cornea is the transparent outer covering of the eye. It protects the eye and also acts as a convex lens, helping to focus light that enters the eye." ] }, { "id": "task593-38a53ecddf1447589812c3b1ef7f4c0d", "input": "Question: The cecum is the first part of what structure, where wastes in a liquid state enter from the small intestine? Answer: large intestine", "output": [ "http://www. explainthatstuff. com/how-geiger-counters-work. html." ] }, { "id": "task593-2bb5eebaa4d84c618c369eee34f7edf5", "input": "Question: How many layers of phospholipids does the cell membrane contain? Answer: two", "output": [ "The cell membrane consists of two layers of phospholipids. It encloses the cytoplasm and controls what enters and leaves the cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-ba7c41fc97274b219a6ee2bf3db7850b", "input": "Question: Amines are bases; they react with acids to form what? Answer: salts", "output": [ "Amines are bases; they react with acids to form salts." ] }, { "id": "task593-664e061ab4ef4c1b90466c7761882fa6", "input": "Question: Renal plasma flow equals the blood flow per minute times the what? Answer: hematocrit", "output": [ "Renal plasma flow equals the blood flow per minute times the hematocrit. If a person has a hematocrit of 45, then the renal plasma flow is 55 percent. 1050*0.55 = 578 mL plasma/min." ] }, { "id": "task593-b9f15de116f84ff38f5c15f0eacb78f4", "input": "Question: What is the approximate population on the earth? Answer: 7 billion", "output": [ "There are approximately 7 billion humans on the planet. How long would it take some bacteria to make 7 billion copies of themselves?." ] }, { "id": "task593-cb1cf3d92b0244e4beab78cfd471bbe8", "input": "Question: The speed of a particle in what state is directly proportional to the temperature of the system? Answer: gas", "output": [ "The speed of a gas particle is directly proportional to the temperature of the system." ] }, { "id": "task593-732961efd62b49ee8932e2f28123a71c", "input": "Question: What lies between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain? Answer: continental slope", "output": [ "The continental slope lies between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain. It has a steep slope with a sharp drop to the deep ocean floor." ] }, { "id": "task593-59481d1275de47a1b864cc5ff9f188ee", "input": "Question: When leaves wilt, what plant process ceases? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because." ] }, { "id": "task593-ebf9a24bd56842faba0b472e7be49f61", "input": "Question: Where are the two tonsils located? Answer: throat", "output": [ "The two tonsils are located on either side of the throat. They trap pathogens that enter the body through the mouth or nose." ] }, { "id": "task593-024dbd90cae34c99b7eda33b551f16da", "input": "Question: What does a hydrolase use to split molecules? Answer: water", "output": [ "Hydrolase – A hydrolase splits a molecule into two fragments by using water. The catalyzed reaction is referred to as a hydrolysis." ] }, { "id": "task593-cb25d0371c2340319c03bbd7850cdf3d", "input": "Question: Living organisms are affected by changes in ph which can include basic conditions and what other kinds of conditions? Answer: acidic", "output": [ "3.3 Acidic and basic conditions affect living organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-75b60e0f14f142ca9d656940a1def952", "input": "Question: What is the body of a roundworm covered with? Answer: tough cuticle", "output": [ "Roundworms have a pseudocoelom and hydrostatic skeleton. Their body is covered with tough cuticle." ] }, { "id": "task593-468c21ba302a49bd85023a2288bed501", "input": "Question: Some plants have stolons, or stems, that run along the ground and are commonly called what? Answer: runners", "output": [ "Figure 32.25 A stolon, or runner, is a stem that runs along the ground. At the nodes, it forms adventitious roots and buds that grow into a new plant." ] }, { "id": "task593-7d7dd550710a4eb0baa632bdd4bf2f36", "input": "Question: A newborn baby has a soft spot on the top of its head. over the next few months, the soft spot gradually does what? Answer: hardens", "output": [ "A newborn baby has a soft spot on the top of its head. Over the next few months, the soft spot gradually hardens. What explains this?." ] }, { "id": "task593-06d07f07bf1541d9ba04dfca9ca66a4d", "input": "Question: What are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties called? Answer: elements", "output": [ "Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-531ced6ec8194c0a81815ceb0007d7c9", "input": "Question: What is the name of pluto's moon? Answer: charon", "output": [ "Pluto and its moon, Charon, are actually two objects." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e9a6a02baa84438901f72d498a6d503", "input": "Question: Why is blue cheese blue? Answer: fungus", "output": [ "Stuart Webster. Blue cheese is blue because of the fungus growing throughout it. . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-cc311a7d1f1d40b1b493bd7b2d60c510", "input": "Question: What is the source of precipitation? Answer: the atmosphere", "output": [ "The atmosphere is a crucial part of the water cycle. It is an important reservoir for water, and the source of precipitation." ] }, { "id": "task593-482aeeff29814da7b98e382306806bf1", "input": "Question: What does magma that cools underground form? Answer: instrusions", "output": [ "Magma that cools underground forms intrusions ( Figure below ). Intrusions become land formations if they are exposed at the surface by erosion." ] }, { "id": "task593-69d3666f8d1e48b78828b16a0173f4c2", "input": "Question: Nuclear power plants produce electricity through what? Answer: induced fission", "output": [ "Nuclear power plants produce electricity through induced fission." ] }, { "id": "task593-04dff43626b5468e82acfc793d01c68e", "input": "Question: All of the stages that a cell goes through make up what? Answer: the cell cycle", "output": [ "Cell division is just one of the stages that a cell goes through during its lifetime. All of the stages that a cell goes through make up the cell cycle ." ] }, { "id": "task593-63f7edf8554244cd9699eef595d9ea4a", "input": "Question: When a stalactite and stalagmite join together, they form a what? Answer: column", "output": [ "If a stalactite and stalagmite join together, they form a column . One of the wonders of visiting a cave is to witness the beauty of these amazing and strangely captivating structures." ] }, { "id": "task593-6d5fb43fcbc64580bca3ba995aefcb73", "input": "Question: What type of roads and parking lots prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground? Answer: paved", "output": [ "Paved roads and parking lots prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground. This increases runoff and the potential for soil erosion." ] }, { "id": "task593-8ed8f311e27d4d769a26a86e6122d06b", "input": "Question: Water-soluble carboxylic acids ionize slightly in water to form these? Answer: moderately acidic solutions", "output": [ "Water-soluble carboxylic acids ionize slightly in water to form moderately acidic solutions." ] }, { "id": "task593-6fed8e75c467479c91ea18cbf74476a0", "input": "Question: Frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians are the three orders of what group of animals? Answer: amphibians", "output": [ "There are about 6,200 known species of living amphibians. They are classified into three orders: frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians." ] }, { "id": "task593-9c7de6537b974096a6a33196dd81bf8f", "input": "Question: Some flatworms are free-living carnivores that live mainly in which type of habitats? Answer: aquatic", "output": [ "Many flatworms are parasites with vertebrate hosts. Some are free-living carnivores that live mainly in aquatic habitats." ] }, { "id": "task593-14aebc85397a469f8d906873e80c564e", "input": "Question: What is used for the fermentation process that makes beer, wine, and bread? Answer: yeast", "output": [ "Yeast are used for the fermentation process that makes beer, wine, and bread." ] }, { "id": "task593-e5f26c4091cc4ed5a4d23af8a64f8345", "input": "Question: What shape is the gametophyte in ferns? Answer: heart-shaped", "output": [ "In ferns, the sporophyte is dominant and produces spores that germinate into a heart-shaped gametophyte." ] }, { "id": "task593-b17112eb15794d8689901a4224d526c5", "input": "Question: What is the term for cellular eating? Answer: phagocytosis", "output": [ "Phagocytosis , or cellular eating, occurs when the dissolved materials enter the cell. The plasma membrane engulfs the solid material, forming a phagocytic vesicle." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ef5466c2a814532994fb0636ae57aa9", "input": "Question: What do you call a simple machine consisting of a sloping surface that connects lower and higher elevations? Answer: inclined plane", "output": [ "An inclined plane is a simple machine consisting of a sloping surface that connects lower and higher elevations. The ideal mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is always greater than 1." ] }, { "id": "task593-b9985a79a39244f792b21f426196e055", "input": "Question: Pressure is defined as the force per unit area on? Answer: surface", "output": [ "Pressure is defined as the force per unit area on a surface." ] }, { "id": "task593-baf25e2cb3c24c658c60bc2abf6b6bfd", "input": "Question: Heating a gas gives its particles more of what type of energy? Answer: kinetic energy", "output": [ "In this lesson, you read that heating a gas gives its particles more kinetic energy. As a result, its volume or pressure also increases. The opposite happens when a gas is cooled." ] }, { "id": "task593-1129485a9365485e9cdfabd958e7f041", "input": "Question: How can nuclear fusion in stars be simulated? Answer: particle accelerators", "output": [ "Particle accelerators simulate nuclear fusion in stars." ] }, { "id": "task593-c9f731f3ee154c4da72f5ebf9c2a3acf", "input": "Question: What is at the center of our solar system? Answer: the sun", "output": [ "The Sun is at the center of the solar system." ] }, { "id": "task593-92c870d68d604512a5e8a0c8913ace19", "input": "Question: In combination or synthesis reactions, two chemical species combine to produce a what? Answer: new compound", "output": [ "In combination or synthesis reactions, two chemical species combine to produce a new compound. The general expression for a combination reaction is:." ] }, { "id": "task593-3cdd1f832ed343afb49991dfe27b2302", "input": "Question: The rate of dissolving is influenced by surface area, stirring, and what else? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "The rate of dissolving is influenced by surface area, stirring, and temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-003135f37fc94430b6c093cb6106a20e", "input": "Question: What does liquid change to due to vaporization? Answer: gas", "output": [ "Vaporization is the process in which a liquid boils and changes to a gas." ] }, { "id": "task593-304882ec5775481da61c668323ecaa11", "input": "Question: What do you call the two ends of a magnet where the magnetic effect is strongest? Answer: poles", "output": [ "Any magnet has two ends called poles where the magnetic effect is strongest." ] }, { "id": "task593-38f01274456d47bfa2397b9f7222de89", "input": "Question: Wavelengths are described by a unit of what? Answer: distance", "output": [ "Wavelengths are described by a unit of distance, typically meters." ] }, { "id": "task593-cc5c9ca734bc4a919bf59484e3b2d340", "input": "Question: Hardness, density, color, and melting and boiling points are all considered what types of properties? Answer: physical", "output": [ "Physical properties include color, density, hardness, and melting and boiling points." ] }, { "id": "task593-462b44f170834871b193de3e97edd0e6", "input": "Question: What forms when the metal sodium gives up an electron to the nonmetal chlorine? Answer: an ionic bond", "output": [ "An ionic bond forms when the metal sodium gives up an electron to the nonmetal chlorine." ] }, { "id": "task593-ebc1eb5104084b6d87f0bb4ae5102440", "input": "Question: What do we call zeros that appear after nonzero digits? Answer: right-end zeros", "output": [ "4. Zeros that appear after all nonzero digits are called right-end zeros. Right-end zeros in a number that lacks a decimal point are not significant. A. 140 has two significant figures." ] }, { "id": "task593-797d0b98ffe14936b2bffc02e1bac49e", "input": "Question: What is a branded polymer that serves as energy storage in animal? Answer: glycogen", "output": [ "Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose and serves as energy storage in animals." ] }, { "id": "task593-975e87b20840486489e03ead9c175cc0", "input": "Question: What are structures that protect the coast like barrier islands called? Answer: breakwaters", "output": [ "Breakwaters are structures that protect the coast like barrier islands. Groins are structures that help prevent longshore drift from eroding a beach." ] }, { "id": "task593-434a232e4bc84263ab0859cab623d234", "input": "Question: Varicella zoster virus causes what two illnesses? Answer: chicken pox and shingles", "output": [ "An enveloped virus. Varicella zoster virus causes chicken pox and shingles." ] }, { "id": "task593-9752813920df4c9cb2e044f4bd3c8b35", "input": "Question: Pure nonpolar covalent bonds exist only between what? Answer: two identical atoms", "output": [ "Pure nonpolar covalent bonds exist only between two identical atoms. The H-H bond would be 100% covalent, because there is no difference in electronegativity between the two atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-d5ca08c8faf34351abd25e92551f0f81", "input": "Question: How many alleles comes from each parent? Answer: one", "output": [ "When gametes unite during fertilization, the resulting zygote inherits two alleles for each gene. One allele comes from each parent." ] }, { "id": "task593-03d7aab7b8b0478cb46ab8c67a04643c", "input": "Question: What is the attraction of oppositely charged ions caused by electron transfer called? Answer: ionic bond", "output": [ "The attraction of oppositely charged ions caused by electron transfer is called an ionic bond." ] }, { "id": "task593-23cbfd99bb1c4e72af5b23f3017a273f", "input": "Question: What is anything that causes cancer called? Answer: carcinogen", "output": [ "A carcinogen is anything that causes cancer. Most carcinogens produce mutations in genes that control the cell cycle." ] }, { "id": "task593-7454646c78d7482ba29510fba08c7e0a", "input": "Question: An electormagnet is a piece of iron inside a? Answer: solenoid", "output": [ "An electormagnet is a piece of iron inside a solenoid." ] }, { "id": "task593-49fc9ecfe1f14e75b5f38014d8c378aa", "input": "Question: What are four children born at one birth called? Answer: quadruplets", "output": [ "QUADruplets are four children born at one birth." ] }, { "id": "task593-654f6511d4e142f48110c85f8df2fd96", "input": "Question: What do scientists believe are the oldest eukaryotes? Answer: protists", "output": [ "Scientists think that protists are the oldest eukaryotes. They most likely evolved from prokaryotic cells, as explained by the endosymbiotic theory. This theory is well-supported by evidence." ] }, { "id": "task593-70d49b88cc3e4527ae47264dca30ec33", "input": "Question: Where do biochemical reactions occer? Answer: inside organisms", "output": [ "Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside living things. Two of the most important biochemical reactions are photosynthesis and cellular respiration." ] }, { "id": "task593-70c731855cc94f198121e57891e7f423", "input": "Question: What organ systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body? Answer: circulatory", "output": [ "42.1 Circulatory systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-08ddfe5e16444a8d85e37835eeddb36a", "input": "Question: What type of archaea live in salty environments? Answer: halophiles", "output": [ "Archaea that live in salty environments are known as halophiles." ] }, { "id": "task593-5c72ec7c4fb04a699e374b2f337c0daf", "input": "Question: What does water treatment do to water? Answer: removes unwanted substances", "output": [ "Water treatment is a series of processes that remove unwanted substances from water. More processes are needed to purify water for drinking than for other uses." ] }, { "id": "task593-921f714309404fc08bd5eef0c61686c9", "input": "Question: What is a soft connective tissue inside pores and cavities in spongy bone? Answer: bone marrow", "output": [ "Bone marrow is a soft connective tissue inside pores and cavities in spongy bone. Bone marrow makes blood cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-d2272e4124044634b80ff83f49d5eba1", "input": "Question: What is necessary for organisms to survive in the deepest parts of the ocean? Answer: adaptations", "output": [ "There are few organisms that live in the deepest ocean. The ones that do have amazing adaptations to the exceptionally harsh conditions." ] }, { "id": "task593-3dd2dc04e3eb4a0192d6e301ae41bf88", "input": "Question: What do you call the entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves? Answer: electromagnetic spectrum", "output": [ "Sunlight contains the complete range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves. The entire range is called the electromagnetic spectrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-2a6f787118e14335abeec57703c0de91", "input": "Question: Mixtures of materials called alloys contain at least one of what type of material? Answer: metal", "output": [ "Alloys are mixtures of materials, at least one of which is a metal." ] }, { "id": "task593-389db130b289457ca826e41a4c41d8a6", "input": "Question: Energy comes in discrete packages called what? Answer: quanta", "output": [ "Energy comes in discrete packages called quanta." ] }, { "id": "task593-dc947cf81ad54727b47231d472a24e67", "input": "Question: The nitrogen cycle includes air, soil, and what? Answer: living things", "output": [ "The nitrogen cycle includes air, soil, and living things." ] }, { "id": "task593-9c20bfb53c874a64908710ddab46a9d5", "input": "Question: Crevasses are found in glaciers. how do these come about? Answer: from movement", "output": [ "Crevasses in a glacier are the result of movement." ] }, { "id": "task593-fed75e8c9b294f7899edd03c2400cdd9", "input": "Question: Bacterial stis include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis are diseases that can usually be cured with what? Answer: antibiotics", "output": [ "Bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. These diseases usually can be cured with antibiotics." ] }, { "id": "task593-a9a42217aa3e498699e0915aefed3730", "input": "Question: Bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up what anatomical system? Answer: skeletal system", "output": [ "The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. The skeletal system has many important functions in your body. What bones protect the heart and lungs? What protects the brain?." ] }, { "id": "task593-c2881b16e57140408e3541e3040e2078", "input": "Question: The fact that all living things share the same biochemical building blocks is molecular evidence of what theorized process? Answer: evolution", "output": [ "Molecular evidence for evolution includes that all living things share the same biochemical building blocks." ] }, { "id": "task593-487b3f337a904e4bba181bdc85004ac0", "input": "Question: Chemical energy is another form of which energy? Answer: potential energy", "output": [ "Chemical energy and nuclear energy are other forms of potential energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-cb5b4cbd760b431ea7791db663395a5b", "input": "Question: The enteric nervous system provides intrinsic innervation, and the autonomic nervous system provides this? Answer: extrinsic innervation", "output": [ "layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The enteric nervous system provides intrinsic innervation, and the autonomic nervous system provides extrinsic innervation." ] }, { "id": "task593-a8fa1b7454d547a5b82b47d482e65db2", "input": "Question: Sharing a phylum with insects, spiders, daddy-long-legs, scorpions, and ticks belong to what class? Answer: arachnids", "output": [ "Arachnids include spiders, daddy-long-legs, scorpions, and ticks." ] }, { "id": "task593-a4addea20ad342ac9722781fb5e569d1", "input": "Question: A convergent plate boundary is created when two plates do what? Answer: come toward each other", "output": [ "When two plates come toward each other, they create a convergent plate boundary." ] }, { "id": "task593-cdf14a327dcc4760b198616fedbf1e95", "input": "Question: Which type of double bond has a sigma bond and a pi bond? Answer: carbon-oxygen bond", "output": [ "Has a double-bonded carbon-oxygen bond (one sigma bond and one pi bond). The carbon to which the oxygen is attached has one hydrogen atom connected to it." ] }, { "id": "task593-affa8d3e5e414c629ea9f60f157509b3", "input": "Question: What is the term for a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. Answer: symbiosis", "output": [ "Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. Types of symbiosis include mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism." ] }, { "id": "task593-b476a5a956734beca6a30fe7e241ed7d", "input": "Question: What are the small units that comprise nucleic acids? Answer: nucleotides", "output": [ "DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are built of small units called nucleotides." ] }, { "id": "task593-4002f74cf306453d8d85f6c4c99392b2", "input": "Question: Chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts are all plastids, organelles found in what kind of cells? Answer: plant cells", "output": [ "Plastids are organelles in plant cells that may have various jobs. The main types of plastids are chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts." ] }, { "id": "task593-69b9c912c0e0464eb1138ddd4ff9f7a9", "input": "Question: What part of a sample can be represented by the mean, median, and mode? Answer: central tendency", "output": [ "The central tendency of a sample can be represented by the mean, median, or mode." ] }, { "id": "task593-867c8817ae70480585ba790af7e7e0ae", "input": "Question: What are two common weather characteristics of hurricanes? Answer: high winds and rainfall", "output": [ "Volcanoes and earthquakes are common at active margins. Active margins are near plate boundaries." ] }, { "id": "task593-4a9dab5d26c04102af4c0b2ff40002b3", "input": "Question: What are the three most common protective devices? Answer: fuses, circuit breaks & surge protectors", "output": [ "There are multiple ways to prevent these situations from occurring. The three most common protective devices are fuses, circuit breakers, and surge protectors." ] }, { "id": "task593-48e6c4f4deaf4f9aac8f7e0b501c6419", "input": "Question: What is the study of chemical processes that occur in living things? Answer: biochemistry", "output": [ "Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur in living things. Research may cover basic cellular processes up to understanding disease states so better treatments can be developed." ] }, { "id": "task593-e6b31ef193dc4e399ed984d0466ae5a7", "input": "Question: What scale is used to succinctly communicate the acidity or basicity of a solution? Answer: ph", "output": [ "The pH scale is used to succinctly communicate the acidity or basicity of a solution." ] }, { "id": "task593-d54da1074d174310ac76ea558db2f37f", "input": "Question: What is the organ in which gas exchanges take place between blood and air? Answer: lungs", "output": [ "Respiration begins with ventilation. This is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs. The lungs are the organs in which gas exchange takes place between blood and air." ] }, { "id": "task593-727bc4c5e9424b0ea527633bced036ca", "input": "Question: What is typical weather for chicago in winter? Answer: cold & snow", "output": [ "Cold and snow are typical for Chicago in the winter." ] }, { "id": "task593-3b09a610ff744a8e9d61751e19f485db", "input": "Question: What part of an egg contains the genetic material ? Answer: the nucleus", "output": [ "The ostrich egg - unfertilized, of course. Yes, this egg, just like a human ovum, is just one cell. The egg shell membrane encloses the nucleus containing the genetic material and the cytoplasm." ] }, { "id": "task593-03e18dadbb514cbf8fd966746e62d3ba", "input": "Question: What type of energy occurs by splitting the nuclei of radioactive uranium? Answer: nuclear", "output": [ "Nuclear energy is produced by splitting the nuclei of radioactive uranium. This doesn’t release air pollution or carbon dioxide, but it does produce dangerous radioactive wastes." ] }, { "id": "task593-5051ae93673f4365bf2d95297e7a3898", "input": "Question: Name the term used to described prokaryotes that require oxygen. Answer: aerobic", "output": [ "Prokaryotes that need oxygen are described as aerobic. They use oxygen for cellular respiration. Examples include the prokaryotes that live on your skin." ] }, { "id": "task593-788ff02eb1ac40f08ef221d4acc63d3b", "input": "Question: What occur because solid lithosphere travels on a round planet? Answer: intraplate earthquakes", "output": [ "Intraplate earthquakes occur because solid lithosphere travels on a round planet." ] }, { "id": "task593-b0fa36f478854bdbb5122585e3ad1d1c", "input": "Question: What do opposite charges do to one another? Answer: attract", "output": [ "Opposite charges attract, and like charges repel." ] }, { "id": "task593-84db63f92050442999c3b8354e32e636", "input": "Question: Zinc reacting with hydrochloric acid produces bubbles of which gas? Answer: hydrogen", "output": [ "Zinc reacting with hydrochloric acid produces bubbles of hydrogen gas." ] }, { "id": "task593-99cba0aba817447ca6ee04c780fd3499", "input": "Question: Sound is the transfer of energy from a vibrating object in waves that travel through what? Answer: matter", "output": [ "Sound is the transfer of energy from a vibrating object in waves that travel through matter." ] }, { "id": "task593-788c8f74a72c41a69cfb0766e17ec375", "input": "Question: What type of ecosystem do polar bears live in? Answer: arctic", "output": [ "Polar Bears. Thick fur and a layer of blubber keep polar bears warm in their Arctic ecosystem. Why do you think their fur is white? Why might it be an adaptation in an Arctic biome?." ] }, { "id": "task593-694e53b7770a47b6b0da4a70cbc947e3", "input": "Question: Animals can not produce their own food making them _________. Answer: heterotrophs", "output": [ "Animals are a kingdom of multicellular eukaryotes. They cannot make their own food. Instead, they get nutrients by eating other living things. Therefore, animals are heterotrophs ." ] }, { "id": "task593-ccedb12bcee146d28030e48c1123cd6b", "input": "Question: What are the two types of optical telescopes? Answer: reflecting and refracting", "output": [ "Optical telescopes are designed to collect visible light. The two types of optical telescopes are reflecting telescopes and refracting telescopes." ] }, { "id": "task593-ef96892ddca545368b78bbee58336e3a", "input": "Question: Reproduction in prokaryotic cells is by what process of growth, enlargement and division? Answer: binary fission", "output": [ "Reproduction in prokaryotic cells is by binary fission ; a process of growth, enlargement and division. This will be discussed in the Cell Division: Prokaryotic (Advanced) concept." ] }, { "id": "task593-5f831ac7868e4c74820fc78701e4e7f7", "input": "Question: How is most evidence gathered in science? Answer: lab experiments", "output": [ "Lab experiments are the main method of gathering evidence in some branches of science. Why might lab experiments not be the best way to study living things, such as wild animals?." ] }, { "id": "task593-7ebd31d304814458a22582ade04a90f8", "input": "Question: Geologists group rocks based on how they what? Answer: form", "output": [ "Geologists group rocks based on how they form. There are three major rock types. Each will be described in more detail in the coming concepts." ] }, { "id": "task593-2b5674e0461240bc9e1800cfdd67604b", "input": "Question: The cytoplasm divides during what stage of the cell cycle? Answer: cytokinesis", "output": [ "3. The third step is the division of the rest of the cell. This is called cytokinesis, as it is in a prokaryotic cell. During this step, the cytoplasm divides, and two daughter cells form." ] }, { "id": "task593-eff3e8e728fc4389929e0565403f8671", "input": "Question: Atmospheric pressure can be measured with what tool? Answer: barometer", "output": [ "Atmospheric pressure can be measured with a barometer." ] }, { "id": "task593-4a06ddc8d0f940c6a1f6e9a1cfc73f4c", "input": "Question: What structure supports the body, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and maintains mineral homeostasis? Answer: skeleton", "output": [ "The skeleton supports the body, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and maintains mineral homeostasis." ] }, { "id": "task593-037972f36f1747f2bad194d8ee5972c2", "input": "Question: Electromagnetic radiation is a form of what? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-3048cc7a43e84417a36d8c5f55ea3c05", "input": "Question: Sound navigation and ranging is an acronym for what, which is used to locate underwater objects such as submarines? Answer: sonar", "output": [ "Sonar stands for sound navigation and ranging. It is used to locate underwater objects such as submarines." ] }, { "id": "task593-bcffdd13393548c585cb8948dd3db01e", "input": "Question: The metacarpophalangeal joints in the finger are examples of what kind of joints? Answer: condyloid", "output": [ "Figure 38.30 The metacarpophalangeal joints in the finger are examples of condyloid joints. (credit: modification of work by Gray's Anatomy)." ] }, { "id": "task593-51ef0bc52a3e466c9d69b1c41660f628", "input": "Question: Dna encodes instructions for what kind of molecules? Answer: proteins", "output": [ "DNA encodes instructions for proteins. RNA copies the genetic code in DNA and carries it to a ribosome. There, amino acids are joined together in the correct sequence to make a protein." ] }, { "id": "task593-7c78e3c185504e219a9708ff76e404ec", "input": "Question: What are used to make maps of the moon and other planets? Answer: imaging satellites", "output": [ "Astronomers use imaging satellites to study and make maps of the Moon and other planets." ] }, { "id": "task593-1591d15c06ef4fc4910a2c2a0763adb7", "input": "Question: What are prokaryotic cells filled with? Answer: cytoplasm", "output": [ "cytoplasm. Like all other cells, prokaryotic cells are filled with cytoplasm. It includes watery cytosol and other structures." ] }, { "id": "task593-55c7e6aefb5d4065827421214861f6b4", "input": "Question: This bodily defense function attacks pathogens and includes inflammatory response and phagocytosis? Answer: second line of defense", "output": [ "The second line of defense attacks pathogens that manage to enter the body. It includes the inflammatory response and phagocytosis by nonspecific leukocytes." ] }, { "id": "task593-ebc1d92e5fc143a9b2c72ef773f88bd7", "input": "Question: In a heat map, what color represents the hottest temperatures? Answer: bright yellow", "output": [ "A heat wave over the United States as indicated by heat radiated from the ground. The bright yellow areas are the hottest, and the blue and white are coolest." ] }, { "id": "task593-0e0b85d9f8364c32b60ec018d86cb416", "input": "Question: Bacteria are responsible for many types of what in humans? Answer: diseases", "output": [ "Bacteria are responsible for many types of diseases in humans." ] }, { "id": "task593-bb279af78d3746fc94262e09ffeff0d4", "input": "Question: Some protists hunt their food or act as what? Answer: parasites", "output": [ "Some protists hunt their food or act as parasites." ] }, { "id": "task593-cf2c39d102fe4c898e3323cecf76e0e7", "input": "Question: A can of warm soda will fizz more because increasing the temperature decreases the what of a gas? Answer: solubility", "output": [ "A: A can of warm soda will fizz more because increasing the temperature decreases the solubility of a gas. Therefore, less carbon dioxide can remain dissolved in warm soda than in cold soda." ] }, { "id": "task593-3555898bc7e84ed6bd3354dc7b3cc027", "input": "Question: Steel, bronze, and brass are good examples of what? Answer: alloys", "output": [ "Examples of alloys include steel, bronze, and brass." ] }, { "id": "task593-8b5886c70d5f4672869e1f5102f6ce55", "input": "Question: Which waves have the longest wavelengths but the least energy in the atmosphere? Answer: radio waves", "output": [ "Some people are allergic to certain foods. Nuts and shellfish are common causes of food allergies. Other common causes of allergies include:." ] }, { "id": "task593-25b93e24cc98423cb94ba5060b220561", "input": "Question: What has revolutionized human society over the past several decades? Answer: computer technology", "output": [ "Over the past several decades, computer technology has revolutionized human society. Watch this video interview about ways computers have changed people’s lives. Then answer the questions below." ] }, { "id": "task593-a64c3366c0ff422cb53f5a1e969313aa", "input": "Question: What type of eggs do fully terrestrial vertebrates carry? Answer: amniotic", "output": [ "The amniotic egg is an important adaptation in fully terrestrial vertebrates. It first evolved in reptiles. The shells of reptile eggs are either hard or leathery." ] }, { "id": "task593-847e334e20b44c58bb8018a550b4f07e", "input": "Question: Like other bryophytes, moss plants spend most of their life cycle as what? Answer: gametophytes", "output": [ "Eleutherozoa are the echinoderms that can move. This group includes the starfish and most other echinoderms." ] }, { "id": "task593-6d9e6ed34f6e466081a7d3c88a85d520", "input": "Question: All carbon atoms have how many protons? Answer: six", "output": [ "All carbon atoms have six protons. Most also have six neutrons, but some have seven or eight neutrons. What is the mass number of a carbon isotope that has seven neutrons?." ] }, { "id": "task593-5d48b63126bd426e873b4f2e876e28d8", "input": "Question: When does a caldera form? Answer: after an eruption", "output": [ "A caldera forms after a massive eruption. The top of the volcano collapses, forming a basin." ] }, { "id": "task593-2b6eb5b215374770a703d688923536f5", "input": "Question: The bones of the skull are connected by what type of joints? Answer: immovable", "output": [ "Immovable joints allow no movement because the bones at these joints are held securely together by dense collagen. The bones of the skull are connected by immovable joints." ] }, { "id": "task593-a913e1e43ebb46d5ab28c3e83dbcf81c", "input": "Question: Substances produced by a reaction are known as? Answer: products", "output": [ "Products are substances that are produced in the reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-cafc0c5b97ea4e039961607218453e43", "input": "Question: What are the building blocks of peptides? Answer: amino acids", "output": [ "A peptide is composed of two or more amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of peptides." ] }, { "id": "task593-6df64518c68e4ba9b165a716866247d8", "input": "Question: There are three different types of rna. all three types are needed to make what? Answer: proteins", "output": [ "There are three different types of RNA. All three types are needed to make proteins." ] }, { "id": "task593-92ff49a34c214f8cb5d7c14a8ffad122", "input": "Question: What type of intense storm is a system of winds that rotate around a low pressure center, resulting in swirling air that rises and cools to create clouds and precipitation? Answer: cyclone", "output": [ "Cyclones can be the most intense storms on Earth. A cyclone is a system of winds that rotate around a low pressure center. The swirling air rises and cools. This creates clouds and precipitation." ] }, { "id": "task593-34105eeb8b704720911286ea6031b08f", "input": "Question: What kind of behaviors are adaptive because they are flexible, capable of changing if the environment changes? Answer: learned behavior", "output": [ "Learned behaviors are adaptive because they are flexible. They can change if the environment changes." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ac44e2c903c481c910cba8242c2e2cc", "input": "Question: What type of joint are ball-and-socket, hinge, and pivot examples of? Answer: movable", "output": [ "Joints may be immovable, partly movable, or movable. Types of movable joints include ball-and-socket, hinge, and pivot joints." ] }, { "id": "task593-b6daffce90e84761bcc91758aa19298c", "input": "Question: What is a benefit of low sulfur coal over high sulfur coal? Answer: less pollution", "output": [ "Low sulfur coal produces less pollution when burned than high sulfur coal. Name one factor that affects the sulfur content in coal." ] }, { "id": "task593-f9491f37d8354e8c89d0bb827295e0b5", "input": "Question: The vitamins and minerals contained in all of the food we consume are important for all of our organ systems. however, there are certain nutrients that affect this? Answer: bone health", "output": [ "Nutrition and Bone Tissue The vitamins and minerals contained in all of the food we consume are important for all of our organ systems. However, there are certain nutrients that affect bone health." ] }, { "id": "task593-e1047ed17edf441295aac4f59fa78433", "input": "Question: Each kidney is supplied by a renal artery and what else? Answer: renal vein", "output": [ "Each kidney is supplied by a renal artery and renal vein." ] }, { "id": "task593-3d4f744052494264a69bae2a64d13955", "input": "Question: What is the purpose of your body's first line of defense? Answer: to keep out pathogens", "output": [ "Your body’s first line of defense is like a castle’s moat and walls. It keeps most pathogens out of your body. The first line of defense includes physical, chemical, and biological barriers." ] }, { "id": "task593-b7f3619537ce47298d344e6c20515bf9", "input": "Question: What connects the fetus to the placenta? Answer: umbilical cord", "output": [ "The fetus is connected to the placenta through the umbilical cord." ] }, { "id": "task593-4db7d60ec7544ae893706a4f494ea44b", "input": "Question: Green cyanobacteria on a lake produce food through what process? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "Green cyanobacteria on a lake make food by photosynthesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-d027b018efbe4952b8c280e8ed42db76", "input": "Question: What makes water change to a different state? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "The state the water is in depends upon the temperature. Each state (solid, liquid, and gas) has its own unique set of physical properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-b477b45651f04f768bd3eb5ccc25d10e", "input": "Question: What substances dissociate into ions when dissolved in water? Answer: ionic", "output": [ "Ionic substances dissociate into ions when they dissolve in water, but most molecular substances do not." ] }, { "id": "task593-521b13136d674d78a72f1ee10cc234c8", "input": "Question: What is defined as an antigen that causes an allergy? Answer: an allergen", "output": [ "An antigen that causes an allergy is called an allergen." ] }, { "id": "task593-c16c66be17904a23897ac60ed2fe3a63", "input": "Question: What does the sebaceous gland secrete which waterproofs the skin and hair? Answer: sebum", "output": [ "Hair, hair follicle, and oil glands. The oil, called sebum, helps to prevent water loss from the skin. The sebaceous gland secretes sebum, which waterproofs the skin and hair." ] }, { "id": "task593-34821b7d31e44b1a81846716a7541ba5", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe foods containing active cultures of beneficial bacteria? Answer: probiotic", "output": [ "Yogurt is a good source of calcium. Yogurt also contains active cultures of \"good\" bacteria. Foods that contain these beneficial bacteria are sometimes called \"probiotic. \"." ] }, { "id": "task593-d1540c8853654e40aec982426e95fc4f", "input": "Question: What is formed when humid air near the ground cools below its dew point? Answer: fog", "output": [ "Fog ( Figure below ) is a cloud on the ground. Fog forms when humid air near the ground cools below its dew point. Each type of fog forms in a different way." ] }, { "id": "task593-3a80f6d8ab1740cbafd4f192d1f5e069", "input": "Question: What helps control the muscles and maintain balance? Answer: nervous system", "output": [ "Staying balanced when riding a scooter requires control over the body’s muscles. The nervous system controls the muscles and maintains balance." ] }, { "id": "task593-e53578a83a254811bb7d4ba4590d0302", "input": "Question: What occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells of the same size? Answer: binary fission", "output": [ "Binary fission occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells of the same size." ] }, { "id": "task593-d4a9a57d50ee4fed8876470a57018312", "input": "Question: What causes light to refract? Answer: slowing down", "output": [ "Light slows down when it enters water from the air. This causes the wave to refract, or bend." ] }, { "id": "task593-551e9f9688ec44f1bbdd65b6b0004984", "input": "Question: What is the logarithmic scale that measures the largest jolt of energy released by an earthquake called? Answer: richter scale", "output": [ "The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the largest jolt of energy released by an earthquake." ] }, { "id": "task593-a2dae5d5550442dfa7fbbfac3ad488eb", "input": "Question: What do the ears have to be protected from in order to avoid hearing loss? Answer: loud sounds", "output": [ "Hearing loss caused by loud sounds is permanent. However, this type of hearing loss can be prevented by protecting the ears from loud sounds." ] }, { "id": "task593-b5ceb12b7ecc48de900b9c2192ef6ffc", "input": "Question: What occurs as a result of the discharge of static electricity? Answer: lightning", "output": [ "Zachary Wilson. Lightning is the result of the discharge of static electricity . CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-f02538afd8fb4d219c7913a02756b052", "input": "Question: The grasp reflex in humans is an example of what kind of behavior? Answer: innate", "output": [ "One of the few innate behaviors in human beings is the grasp reflex. It occurs only in babies." ] }, { "id": "task593-d68cbe135cea4da59a96ea815712fc0a", "input": "Question: What is the term for plants that produce flowers and fruit? Answer: angiosperms", "output": [ "Angiosperms are plants that produce flowers and fruit." ] }, { "id": "task593-affdb9f78f184d1cb0bf52b6ac4db917", "input": "Question: What is a three-dimensional anticline called? Answer: dome", "output": [ "In an anticline, rocks arch upward. A three-dimensional anticline is a dome." ] }, { "id": "task593-18ab77c7cbaa4671990b0bed5171eb28", "input": "Question: Who should an obese person with an eating disorder seek for help? Answer: health professional", "output": [ "Some people who are obese have an eating disorder. Eating disorders are mental illnesses that require treatment by health professionals." ] }, { "id": "task593-2309ddb0b76d45fda7812257c5958a01", "input": "Question: What natural process allows water to return again to the earth’s surface? Answer: precipitation", "output": [ "Condensation creates precipitation. Precipitation includes rain, snow, hail, and sleet. The precipitation allows the water to return again to the Earth’s surface." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa1b95eac8804a8f88615b84a5c23d7e", "input": "Question: What is the only metalloid in group 13? Answer: boron", "output": [ "Group 13 is called the boron group, and boron is the only metalloid in this group. The other group 13 elements are metals." ] }, { "id": "task593-744e3a93b9204d6eb5091fb1aa16a363", "input": "Question: Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of what? Answer: carbon compounds", "output": [ "Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds." ] }, { "id": "task593-594827a96ee345598b87b8d35305f706", "input": "Question: Most biochemical molecules are macromolecules, meaning that they are what? Answer: very large", "output": [ "Most biochemical molecules are macromolecules, meaning that they are very large. Some contain thousands of monomer molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-1675ba0bfa744e9e853c0aa11b94cb94", "input": "Question: What contracts to move food throughout the gastrointestinal tract? Answer: muscles", "output": [ "waves of muscle contractions in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract that keep food moving through the tract." ] }, { "id": "task593-ee3b812b8db84f5091aca3737719b969", "input": "Question: Gas particles can move randomly in what directions? Answer: all directions", "output": [ "Christopher Auyeung. Gas particles move randomly in all directions . CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-ddfee6014ff14878897712df685bc1d4", "input": "Question: Phototrophic organisms capture light energy from the sun and convert it into what type of energy inside their cells? Answer: chemical energy", "output": [ "Phototrophic organisms capture light energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy inside their cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-06621eadda6c40ef92238ce67c6642ce", "input": "Question: What branch of science deals with the effects people have on the environment? Answer: environmental science", "output": [ "Environmental science deals with the effects people have on the environment." ] }, { "id": "task593-50e5bd6f07ce472bb1253ce19cc57320", "input": "Question: What is the process in which one cell divides to form two new cells called? Answer: cell division", "output": [ "Cell division is part of the life cycle of virtually all cells. Cell division is the process in which one cell divides to form two new cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-36c7d4214f3040b29906e36ef5d181ee", "input": "Question: What type of joint is the knee joint? Answer: hinge joint", "output": [ "Hinge Joint. The knee joint is a hinge joint. Like a door hinge, a hinge joint allows backward and forward movement." ] }, { "id": "task593-ee0e0c5317a5449f9841055df8b41127", "input": "Question: What is the acid that is released by the stomach that kills most pathogens that enter the stomach? Answer: hydrochloric acid", "output": [ "The stomach also releases a very strong acid, called hydrochloric acid. This acid kills most pathogens that enter the stomach in food or water. Urine is also acidic, so few pathogens can grow in it." ] }, { "id": "task593-a4deffe04fcc49859267e01aa8b6902a", "input": "Question: Sublimation and deposition involve direct transitions between solid and gas without going through which state? Answer: liquid", "output": [ "Sublimation and deposition involve direct transitions between solid and gas without going through the liquid state." ] }, { "id": "task593-8bd73607e66f4b5d8c789c71985c6795", "input": "Question: Which carbohydrates can be classified in terms of chain length? Answer: simple", "output": [ "Simple carbohydrates can be classified in terms of chain length." ] }, { "id": "task593-cff3263346074221a2354496f07c4917", "input": "Question: What does unequal heating of the atmosphere cause? Answer: weather", "output": [ "Weather occurs because of unequal heating of the atmosphere. The source of heat is the Sun. The general principles behind weather can be stated simply:." ] }, { "id": "task593-1f1b10c805ef47daae07b0644d7b1e67", "input": "Question: What do ocean mollusks use to absorb oxygen from the water? Answer: gills", "output": [ "Most ocean mollusks have a gill or gills to absorb oxygen from the water." ] }, { "id": "task593-8ac58fd0f3c443dab875e1ecc8fa6ede", "input": "Question: Saturated and unsaturated are the two main kinds of what? Answer: fats", "output": [ "There are two main types of fats, saturated and unsaturated." ] }, { "id": "task593-b8d21a040e604714b3e6b07297c59e04", "input": "Question: What do plants respond to in their environment? Answer: changes in sunlight or water", "output": [ "Like all organisms, plants detect and respond to stimuli in their environment. Their main response is to change how they grow." ] }, { "id": "task593-79177e9065324db6af32231215c6bc38", "input": "Question: What kind of health problem can occur in the kidney and potentially cause problems with urination? Answer: kidney stones", "output": [ "Kidney stones are mineral crystals that form in urine inside the kidney. They may be extremely painful. If they block a ureter, they must be removed so urine can leave the kidney and be excreted." ] }, { "id": "task593-c98e456263ba4f43b346ef8ac1d237a7", "input": "Question: Explanations of some aspect of the natural world based on repeated observations are termed what? Answer: scientific theories", "output": [ "Scientific theories are explanations of some aspect of the natural world based on repeated observations." ] }, { "id": "task593-4a50286fdfb7468695692c4b6bc00883", "input": "Question: In addition to five classes of fish, what other classes make up the species of vertebrates? Answer: amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals", "output": [ "There are about 50,000 living species of vertebrates. They are placed in nine classes: five classes of fish plus amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals." ] }, { "id": "task593-780791714d2c4892854798d6e5fc49eb", "input": "Question: What kingdom of organisms constitutes up to 20 percent of all living things on earth in mass? Answer: archaeans", "output": [ "Not all archaeans live in extreme conditions. In fact, archaeans are now known to live just about everywhere on Earth. They make up as much as 20 percent of Earth's total mass of living things." ] }, { "id": "task593-655e55f907e4477c971f54a1eeab34c1", "input": "Question: What is at the top of the mesosphere? Answer: mesopause", "output": [ "At the top of the mesosphere is the mesopause. Temperatures here are colder than anywhere else in the atmosphere. They are as low as -100° C (-212° F)! Nowhere on Earth’s surface is that cold." ] }, { "id": "task593-45985bce95b645e29cccccdb948cbd81", "input": "Question: Producing sperm and secreting testosterone are the main functions of what system? Answer: male reproductive system", "output": [ "The main functions of the male reproductive system are to produce sperm and secrete testosterone." ] }, { "id": "task593-daf870bd608d4154b534d329a69835c5", "input": "Question: The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is referred to as what? Answer: wave frequency", "output": [ "Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time." ] }, { "id": "task593-5857faec3f0a49dd93c060860de7768d", "input": "Question: If a solute is a gas, increasing the temperature will do what? Answer: decrease its solubility", "output": [ "If a solute is a gas, increasing the temperature decreases its solubility. For example, less carbon dioxide can dissolve in warm ocean water than in cold ocean water." ] }, { "id": "task593-7e6509574c134f5daea37a8982b9cc31", "input": "Question: What is the name for substances with a ph above 7? Answer: bases", "output": [ "Bases have a lower concentration of hydronium ions than pure water, and a pH higher than 7." ] }, { "id": "task593-1a3e5501780f4079ac1dad4aa184d124", "input": "Question: What is the largest cartilaginous fish? Answer: whale shark", "output": [ "Mike Johnston. Whale sharks are the largest cartilaginous fish . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-ce59ca1c94f34aa9b476a5661b6ca659", "input": "Question: What is it called when two alleles are both expressed in the heterozygous individual? Answer: codominance", "output": [ "Codominance is when two alleles are both expressed in the heterozygous individual." ] }, { "id": "task593-934c70725dc14a6f9817625c67f17133", "input": "Question: Thermal, radiant, electrical, nuclear, and chemical are all types of what? Answer: energy", "output": [ "The chapter describes thermal energy, radiant energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy, and chemical energy. Which form(s) of energy are represented by each of the following?." ] }, { "id": "task593-35b8688e22d44e808ac26c7f0744a8b3", "input": "Question: Fission is a type of radioactivity in which large nuclei spontaneously break apart into what? Answer: smaller nuclei", "output": [ "Fission is a type of radioactivity in which large nuclei spontaneously break apart into smaller nuclei." ] }, { "id": "task593-c61ba1e620ca41f797ae287d409ce6ee", "input": "Question: Scientists perform experiments to test their hypotheses because sometimes the nature of natural universe is what? Answer: not obvious", "output": [ "Scientists perform experiments to test their hypotheses because sometimes the nature of natural universe is not obvious." ] }, { "id": "task593-127a5d5f78d54e54aeb0d2b0558b9dc3", "input": "Question: What kind of behavior occurs only after experience or practice? Answer: learned behavior", "output": [ "Learned behavior is behavior that occurs only after experience or practice." ] }, { "id": "task593-07f296370874448ba2f622aa820b2600", "input": "Question: What kind of waves are electromagnetic waves? Answer: transverse", "output": [ "In this lesson, you learned that electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. Like other transverse waves, electromagnetic waves have certain properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-5a3d2e4534b546e9bc69967c442d5e3a", "input": "Question: Mammals have four limbs and produce what kind of eggs? Answer: amniotic", "output": [ "Mammals have four limbs and produce amniotic eggs." ] }, { "id": "task593-157bdcf7312843fbbcb3ed891e58e808", "input": "Question: What are composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and one of five different nitrogenous bases. Answer: nucleotides", "output": [ "Nucleotides are composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and one of five different nitrogenous bases." ] }, { "id": "task593-369f8c6795204e93b59c0ede9e4d0bba", "input": "Question: Common forms of what include light, chemical and heat, along with kinetic and potential? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Energy can take several different forms. Common forms of energy include light, chemical, and heat energy. Other common forms are kinetic and potential energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-722f0e11aa43459b86aa383b1d0aa0fa", "input": "Question: Light can be used to eject what from a solid material? Answer: electrons", "output": [ "Under the right conditions, light can be used to eject electrons from a solid material." ] }, { "id": "task593-5f85fa9329d84b06bfe33fd4567977ae", "input": "Question: Two water molecules contain 4 hydrogen atoms and how many oxygen atoms? Answer: 2", "output": [ "Two water molecules contain 4 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms. A mole of water molecules contains 2 moles of hydrogen atoms and 1 mole of oxygen atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-d40f6212f81348c588dfe9d248266600", "input": "Question: What kind of organisms are prokaryotes? Answer: single-celled", "output": [ "All prokaryotes are single-celled organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-fd55a435b2b7495b9e2c759e7fc24fd5", "input": "Question: What are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms? Answer: cells", "output": [ "All living things consist of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-970e171ffb2c4c82bad36c87ae97b4d2", "input": "Question: Which process involves solvent separation on a solid medium? Answer: chromatography", "output": [ "Chromatography involves solvent separation on a solid medium." ] }, { "id": "task593-02bfc1d254ee4c65a12541fb73822e92", "input": "Question: What muscle is imperative to breathing in helping the air move in and out of the lungs? Answer: diaphragm", "output": [ "Breathing is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs. It depends on the muscle called the diaphragm." ] }, { "id": "task593-3f546ed861ab4403b0f3794b6211a53e", "input": "Question: Kangaroos, koala and opossums are part of what group? Answer: marsupials", "output": [ "Marsupials. Marsupials include the kangaroo, koala, and opossum." ] }, { "id": "task593-28086463f0db482a9e6ca8223407e098", "input": "Question: In a food chain, what group of organisms breaks down animal remains and wastes to get energy? Answer: decomposers", "output": [ "Decomposers break down animal remains and wastes to get energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-7e2e3a5e747d40cb90aa73daede62872", "input": "Question: The vector sum of all the torques acting on an object is called what? Answer: net torque", "output": [ "the net torque is the vector sum of all the torques acting on the object. When adding torques it is necessary to subtract CW from CCW torques." ] }, { "id": "task593-7e662abfdab74c1d9dfda9a5da023367", "input": "Question: What type of x-linked trait is color blindness? Answer: recessive", "output": [ "Pedigree for Color Blindness. Color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait. Mothers pass the recessive allele for the trait to their sons, who pass it to their daughters." ] }, { "id": "task593-392dca9f62c549bdb5332724616d14d6", "input": "Question: What important process takes place in specialized tissue inside plant leaves? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "specialized tissue inside plant leaves where photosynthesis takes place." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d70988b4cd043419c8034326eb0a659", "input": "Question: What is the distance something travels in a given amount of time called? Answer: speed", "output": [ "A snail might travel 2 centimeters in a minute. A cheetah might travel 2 kilometers in the same amount of time. The distance something travels in a given amount of time is its speed." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e240520576948b38f74df7403abd06d", "input": "Question: Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced where? Answer: in red marrow", "output": [ "energy. Red marrow is where hematopoiesis—the production of blood cells—takes place. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced in the red marrow." ] }, { "id": "task593-e6e6dbf4a508444fa4f9e80ff02454cc", "input": "Question: What type of equations allows calculation of the wavelength of any moving object? Answer: debroglie wave", "output": [ "The deBroglie wave equations allows calculation of the wavelength of any moving object." ] }, { "id": "task593-8fd621b267314f7bb5d272797427c523", "input": "Question: What measurement is used to describe the amount of water vapor in the air? Answer: humidity", "output": [ "Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is the percent of water vapor in the air relative to the total amount the air can hold. The total amount depends on temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-ef1c5b58aa6a4ba781330bcdecb88408", "input": "Question: The common earthworm and leeches are examples of what type of worm? Answer: segmented", "output": [ "Segmented worms include the common earthworm and leeches." ] }, { "id": "task593-34ba5e1782ba4b43a3041928eecddb52", "input": "Question: Mutation creates new genetic variation in what? Answer: gene pool", "output": [ "Mutation creates new genetic variation in a gene pool." ] }, { "id": "task593-2b3993bc5ed2465fbe3ad799f2e245a4", "input": "Question: What is the hardest of all minerals? Answer: diamonds", "output": [ "Diamonds like the one pictured in the Figure below are the hardest of all minerals. Is a diamond a crystalline or an amorphous solid? How do you know?." ] }, { "id": "task593-36cd8f4bf63343e49b419529aa556a83", "input": "Question: What is the amount of force pushing against a given area? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Pressure is defined as the amount of force pushing against a given area. How much pressure a gas exerts depends on the amount of gas. The more gas particles there are, the greater the pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-69ba736f90734820a1fde3d7fb475713", "input": "Question: What's it called when gases turn back into liquids? Answer: condensation", "output": [ "As water cools in the clouds, condensation occurs. Condensation is when gases turn back into liquids." ] }, { "id": "task593-772c729ba2f64572a6b55baf7ad29104", "input": "Question: Glass, rubber, and plastics are examples of which type of solids? Answer: amorphous", "output": [ "Examples of amorphous solids include glass, rubber, and plastics." ] }, { "id": "task593-a9db3c0135b747e687eab83cdb92a56b", "input": "Question: What type of rocks are laid down horizontally with the oldest at the bottom? Answer: sedimentary", "output": [ "Sedimentary rocks are laid down horizontally with the oldest at the bottom." ] }, { "id": "task593-6f94dddc16d74a89906a736440eea7ff", "input": "Question: Why are noninfectious diseases not contagious? Answer: non-pathogen caused", "output": [ "Noninfectious diseases are not contagious because they are not caused by pathogens. Instead, they are caused by such factors as lifestyle choices, environmental toxins, or mutations." ] }, { "id": "task593-1f60a36de0da425fa71839ad7df90780", "input": "Question: Human actions such as plowing, logging, construction and other actions contribute to what kind of erosion? Answer: soil erosion", "output": [ "Many human actions make it easier for wind and water to carry away soil. They include plowing, logging, construction, and even some types of recreation." ] }, { "id": "task593-9905442fa47840cfa2b3815c1760869c", "input": "Question: Cancer occurs most often in adults over what age? Answer: fifty", "output": [ "Cancer occurs most often in adults, especially adults over the age of 50. The most common types of cancer in adults differ between males and females." ] }, { "id": "task593-bba6010560ee4eeb92d3ff02115bd4e8", "input": "Question: The fossil record shows that this type of event is followed by the evolution of new species to fill the habitats where old species lived? Answer: mass extinction", "output": [ "After each mass extinction, new species evolve to fill the habitats where old species lived. This is well documented in the fossil record." ] }, { "id": "task593-6b44bf8c0eca4979b8de1fa2a45dfb36", "input": "Question: What is the term for the horizontal displacement of a projectile from its starting point? Answer: range", "output": [ "In projectile motion, the horizontal displacement of an object from its starting point is called its range." ] }, { "id": "task593-56d60beb818946dbb15fbcc11169f904", "input": "Question: Carbonic acid decomposes easily at room temperature into carbon dioxide and what else? Answer: water", "output": [ "Some unstable acids decompose to produce nonmetal oxides and water. Carbonic acid decomposes easily at room temperature into carbon dioxide and water." ] }, { "id": "task593-f9ef7e9610494a3a853db52c8cfc9ca5", "input": "Question: What are the two main types of air pollutants? Answer: primary and secondary", "output": [ "There are two main types of air pollutants: primary and secondary. Most air pollutants come from burning fossil fuels. Some come from burning forests. Some are due to the evaporation of chemicals." ] }, { "id": "task593-00bb8f7b50fa480a9269e8f2925c44cf", "input": "Question: How many orders of magnitudes bigger is the electric force? Answer: 39", "output": [ "and . The electric force is 39 orders of magnitudes bigger." ] }, { "id": "task593-46ccd799f19c465cad740b45d4da5bea", "input": "Question: Featuring a stalk-like filament that ends in an anther, what is the male reproductive organ in a flower? Answer: stamen", "output": [ "The male reproductive organ in a flower is the stamen . It has a stalk-like filament that ends in an anther. The anther is where pollen forms." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ac4a0453b5f43fd83afa296d95f1653", "input": "Question: Water molecules are polar, so they form what type of bonds? Answer: hydrogen", "output": [ "Water molecules are polar, so they form hydrogen bonds. This gives water unique properties, such as a relatively high boiling point, high specific heat, cohesion, adhesion and density." ] }, { "id": "task593-a32047c6d2fe485ca55b524a23195dd0", "input": "Question: What term describes an imbalance of attractive forces between liquid molecules at the surface of a liquid? Answer: surface tension", "output": [ "Surface tension is an imbalance of attractive forces between liquid molecules at the surface of a liquid." ] }, { "id": "task593-531c928533204a59a62a076365103070", "input": "Question: Glucose and fructose are considered this type of sugar? Answer: monosaccharides, or simple", "output": [ "Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides, or simple sugars." ] }, { "id": "task593-9e21803b5b334ac6a9d0a6a0e3a65124", "input": "Question: What is magnetism produced by electricity called? Answer: electromagnetism", "output": [ "Electricity can be used to produce a magnetic field. Magnetism produced by electricity is called electromagnetism." ] }, { "id": "task593-ca30e5a9b1974ca0a1c9b2e3e7e138b5", "input": "Question: What group of elements cannot conduct electricity? Answer: nonmetals", "output": [ "Nonmetals are elements that generally cannot conduct electricity. They are the second largest class of elements after metals. Examples of nonmetals include hydrogen, carbon, chlorine, and helium." ] }, { "id": "task593-4fd6bebb96894a9d9b031f73e6506f6a", "input": "Question: Reactive elements are able to combine more what with other elements? Answer: easily", "output": [ "Reactive elements combine easily with other elements. This explains why they usually exist in nature in compounds rather than in pure form." ] }, { "id": "task593-c523faa128cd44be8f7b140cf72c97b7", "input": "Question: What kind of reaction, in general, keeps stars shining? Answer: fusion", "output": [ "The energy from fusion reactions keeps the star shining." ] }, { "id": "task593-d414369b5d6147ce9d00b9e2459c017f", "input": "Question: What does rising air do when it reaches the top of the troposphere? Answer: cools", "output": [ "The rising air cools as it reaches the top of the troposphere. The air gets denser, so it sinks to the surface. The sinking, heavy air creates an area of high air pressure near the ground." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e1f34af5f634df895506dcba69bc407", "input": "Question: Most food chains and webs have a maximum of how many trophic levels? Answer: 4", "output": [ "A trophic level is a feeding position in a food chain or food web. Most food chains and webs have a maximum of four trophic levels. There is less energy and biomass at higher trophic levels." ] }, { "id": "task593-1404e7694715417aba75c2de62240c83", "input": "Question: What are floods a source of on a floodplain? Answer: nutrients", "output": [ "Floods are a source of nutrients on a floodplain." ] }, { "id": "task593-66519ee900b340b18fa41ccf1fd9969c", "input": "Question: What do dendrites from the cell body recieve impulses from? Answer: other neurons", "output": [ "Dendrites extend from the cell body and receive nerve impulses from other neurons." ] }, { "id": "task593-888b2ab0d5a347b0ad90c5e531af5b5e", "input": "Question: Trash that gets into fresh and saltwater waterways is called what type of debris? Answer: aquatic", "output": [ "Most protists consist of a single cell. Some are multicellular but they lack specialized cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-09e40d25c2944e22b8d78c0899cd916a", "input": "Question: What are a class of biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy? Answer: lipids", "output": [ "Lipids are a class of biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy. Types of lipids include fats and oils." ] }, { "id": "task593-a2614ad9022149c780c18493836fbec9", "input": "Question: What makes up most of biological tissues? Answer: water", "output": [ "Biological tissue consists primarily of water, which absorbs electromagnetic radiation in the infrared region of the spectrum. Suggest a plausible reason for using carbon dioxide lasers in surgery." ] }, { "id": "task593-02ba49fd334046099055efc7df8f4f40", "input": "Question: Compound light microscopes use lenses to do what? Answer: focus light", "output": [ "human body system that includes all the muscles of the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-cf6af18f0d5d400894ba1b88341482cb", "input": "Question: In gas exchange, oxygen flows into the blood, and what flows out? Answer: carbon dioxide", "output": [ "Gas exchange is the movement of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood." ] }, { "id": "task593-82c48c318a3441f3b3291c5f6d97c33b", "input": "Question: Located above the stratosphere, what layer is the place where meteors burn up? Answer: mesosphere", "output": [ "The mesosphere is the layer above the stratosphere. Temperature decreases with altitude in this layer. Meteors burn up here." ] }, { "id": "task593-7fb7eb51da97462f9306709dc2228678", "input": "Question: A type of what in a cow's gut enables the animal to digest grass? Answer: bacteria", "output": [ "Kevin Walsh. Cows are able to digest grass with the help of the bacteria methanogens in their gut . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-f88a763dd6014449a44439cbb76e0291", "input": "Question: Light is scattered from what in our atmosphere? Answer: molecules", "output": [ "Light is scattered from the molecules in our atmosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-daf7261748934fbfa6c8605848f10dd1", "input": "Question: What organelle contains the genetic material of the cell? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-9fc8456a521c435fbbe0f53e933e509e", "input": "Question: What are the \"code words\" of the genetic code? Answer: codons", "output": [ "Reading the Genetic Code. The genetic code is read three bases at a time. Codons are the code words of the genetic code. Which amino acid does codon 2 in the drawing stand for?." ] }, { "id": "task593-d61c8febd0544f50a3ee2d4c871d3a6f", "input": "Question: Are the joints between the vertebrae contained in your backbone fully movable, partially movable, or unmovable? Answer: partially movable", "output": [ "Partly movable joints allow only a little movement. Your backbone has partly movable joints between the vertebrae ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d9646d54c6444ca993da18fef683952", "input": "Question: How do amphibians reproduce? Answer: sexually", "output": [ "Amphibians reproduce sexually. Fertilization may take place inside or outside the body. Amphibians are oviparous. Embryos develop in eggs outside the mother’s body." ] }, { "id": "task593-e28faa7303914efa955e12e9c5cdce11", "input": "Question: The structure of mitochondrion plays an important role in what? Answer: aerobic respiration", "output": [ "The structure of a mitochondrion is defined by an inner and outer membrane. This structure plays an important role in aerobic respiration." ] }, { "id": "task593-9c4fa0c0e3084648852040b06410cd54", "input": "Question: What is the transition from liquid to gas is called? Answer: boiling", "output": [ "The liquid to gas transition is called boiling." ] }, { "id": "task593-743a8949af4246fcb394976855289443", "input": "Question: Why do people build dams and levees? Answer: prevent flooding", "output": [ "People build dams and levees to protect from flooding. In an emergency, sandbags can be put out." ] }, { "id": "task593-4bb846c5ac5e438baf02f802c3f74a91", "input": "Question: When electrons return to a lower energy level, they emit the excess energy in the form of what? Answer: light", "output": [ "When electrons return to a lower energy level, they emit energy in the form of light." ] }, { "id": "task593-51c869f9fba54ba29be3787a14df016c", "input": "Question: What happens to neutral matter when electrons are transferred between objects? Answer: it becomes charged", "output": [ "Whenever electrons are transferred between objects, neutral matter becomes charged. For example, when atoms lose or gain electrons they become charged particles called ions." ] }, { "id": "task593-604b632a5a8640f6922ea40d6893a256", "input": "Question: What are mudskipper fish able to do in short distances? Answer: walk", "output": [ "Thomas H Brown. Mudskippers are fish that are able to walk short distances . CC-BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-6e56d04bc277423d9cb72969923f4a5a", "input": "Question: What is the term for matter that does not let any light pass through? Answer: opaque", "output": [ "Opaque matter is matter that does not let any light pass through it. Matter may be opaque because it absorbs light, reflects light, or does some combination of both." ] }, { "id": "task593-97537fadd5f04012a2579fb09d278b32", "input": "Question: What is less dense then either solids or liquids? Answer: gases", "output": [ "Gases are less dense that either solids or liquids." ] }, { "id": "task593-91793e6395744ca0a6efb90344e7dc39", "input": "Question: Increasing the temperature of n2 molecules increases what energy of motion? Answer: kinetic energy", "output": [ "Increasing the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of the N2molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-784acefa0a244bbf92c4dfe8ff900649", "input": "Question: What is the term for the decayed remains of living organisms? Answer: humus", "output": [ "Humus is the decayed remains of living organisms. Humus makes soil fertile." ] }, { "id": "task593-754640802fcc422daae7fdffef1c4118", "input": "Question: The number of protons in an atom is called what? Answer: atomic number", "output": [ "The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. This number is unique for atoms of each kind of element. For example, the atomic number of all helium atoms is 2." ] }, { "id": "task593-226254bd73144933b76881b9449ea671", "input": "Question: Said to go hand-in-hand with science, what evolves as new materials, designs, and processes are invented? Answer: technology", "output": [ "Technology evolves as new materials, designs, and processes are invented." ] }, { "id": "task593-1aaa16915da0450aae46c9e043bc5fd5", "input": "Question: What organisms use cilia, pseudopods, or flagella to move? Answer: protists", "output": [ "Protists use cilia, pseudopods, or flagella to move." ] }, { "id": "task593-c9862b9cb7934809a85aec8a4e1ebbdc", "input": "Question: Water is a versatile solvent that can dissolve many ionic and polar molecular solutes to make what? Answer: aqueous solutions", "output": [ "Water is a versatile solvent that can dissolve many ionic and polar molecular solutes to make aqueous solutions." ] }, { "id": "task593-0818bcf8542d4deca26917e04bd42a47", "input": "Question: What often involves the loss of hydrogen, the gain of oxygen, or the loss of electrons? Answer: oxidation", "output": [ "Oxidation often involves the loss of hydrogen, the gain of oxygen, or the loss of electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-a94dc42264704288ba8d8916ade3187a", "input": "Question: Which process is glycolysis in during cellular respiration? Answer: anaerobic", "output": [ "Cellular respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process. The other two stages are aerobic processes." ] }, { "id": "task593-bd60d2d0b62649159786b39b9fd748b1", "input": "Question: What natural process is associated with the death of cells? Answer: aging", "output": [ "6. Aging is associated with the death of cells. Give two reasons why cells die." ] }, { "id": "task593-6f0b5cea32134503af6dd037fd95e498", "input": "Question: Ionic bonds between two atoms require one metal and one what? Answer: nonmetal", "output": [ "Ionic bonds tend to form between atoms for which the electronegativity differences are 2.0 and above. In general, ionic bonds between two atoms require one metal and one nonmetal." ] }, { "id": "task593-7cbcafc6d6664c2eb325d6eb7cadc812", "input": "Question: What is the main sex hormone in males called? Answer: testosterone", "output": [ "Testosterone is the main sex hormone in males. Hormones are chemicals that control many body processes. Testosterone has two major roles:." ] }, { "id": "task593-3fad2dc9cfce451aa80bd46e7e043309", "input": "Question: What type of habitat do ferns need to grow? Answer: moist", "output": [ "Ferns 11,000 They have large leaves in fronds. They have stiff stems, so they are tall growing; some are trees. They reproduce with spores. They need a moist habitat." ] }, { "id": "task593-7c864eb6bba84e26a28d87629fe32c53", "input": "Question: What occurs when muscle fibers get shorter? Answer: muscle contraction", "output": [ "Muscle contraction occurs when muscle fibers get shorter. Literally, the muscle fibers get smaller in size. To understand how this happens, you need to know more about the structure of muscle fibers." ] }, { "id": "task593-4535fdb7ae8248b0959fab2a2c67eb58", "input": "Question: The heart contracts rhythmically to pump what to the lungs and the rest of the body? Answer: blood", "output": [ "The heart contracts rhythmically to pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. Specialized cardiac muscle cells trigger the contractions." ] }, { "id": "task593-cc6f031bc7cd4f669d59b02e7f97c541", "input": "Question: Balanced chemical reactions are balanced in what? Answer: terms of moles", "output": [ "Balanced chemical reactions are balanced in terms of moles." ] }, { "id": "task593-0135b72b35384864a7049dba5f17126f", "input": "Question: What is the cause of most ocean waves? Answer: winds", "output": [ "Most ocean waves are caused by winds. The size of a wave depends on how fast, how far, and how long the wind blows. Tsunamis are waves caused by earthquakes." ] }, { "id": "task593-bbbc296206ba466aa0fb5f4e09ce240d", "input": "Question: What kind of succession occurs in an area that has never before been colonized? Answer: primary succession", "output": [ "Primary succession occurs in an area that has never before been colonized. Pioneer species include bacteria and lichens that can grow on bare rock and help make soil." ] }, { "id": "task593-95b5af0d240849eca3fad7c72c933666", "input": "Question: What helps regulate the production of urine? Answer: the pituitary gland", "output": [ "Patrick J. Lynch, modified by CK-12 Foundation. The pituitary gland helps regulate the production of urine . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-f7ff0ae6089f471aaf8c2cd626b815f7", "input": "Question: What is the tubular passageway through which the embryo or fetus leaves the mother’s body during birth? Answer: vagina", "output": [ "The vagina is a tubular passageway through which the embryo or fetus leaves the mother’s body during birth. The vagina is also where the male deposits sperm during mating." ] }, { "id": "task593-2e6fde9d4a31428e9b9ac63267908cba", "input": "Question: What is the energy of moving matter? Answer: kinetic energy", "output": [ "Kinetic energy is the energy of moving matter. Things with kinetic energy can do work. Kinetic energy depends on an object’s mass and velocity." ] }, { "id": "task593-efa7b86d68c2405d91f976b6755284b0", "input": "Question: What property are alkali metals at room temperature? Answer: solid", "output": [ "Alkali metals are all solids at room temperature. They are relatively soft and low in density." ] }, { "id": "task593-366bd66742f642618f2a520e5decda85", "input": "Question: Where do polychaete worms live? Answer: the ocean floor", "output": [ "Polychaete worms live on the ocean floor. They may be sedentary filter feeders or active predators or scavengers. Active species crawl along the ocean floor in search of food." ] }, { "id": "task593-251ef2f63e6f43329801c3085f60d058", "input": "Question: Which type of skeleton supports the animal, protects internal organs, and allows for movement? Answer: internal", "output": [ "An internal skeleton. The internal skeleton supports the animal, protects internal organs, and allows for movement." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ceb13d361df42819c61b746c923ff69", "input": "Question: What supports life, and is also needed for the water cycle and weather? Answer: atmosphere", "output": [ "We are lucky to have an atmosphere on Earth. The atmosphere supports life, and is also needed for the water cycle and weather. The gases of the atmosphere even allow us to hear." ] }, { "id": "task593-a835fbd473a74908b2b788fa8d2fd95f", "input": "Question: What are the two types of properties that matter has? Answer: physical and chemical", "output": [ "Matter has both physical and chemical properties. Physical properties can be measured or observed without matter changing to a different substance." ] }, { "id": "task593-d8565eef32d14696b505a28c8a32a90e", "input": "Question: What term refers to a change in species over time? Answer: evolution", "output": [ "Evolution can be described as a change in species over time . Dinosaur fossils are significant evidence of evolution and of past life on Earth." ] }, { "id": "task593-ce366279646943f0b15ee36001d6cfdb", "input": "Question: What device is used to stop a current in a circuit? Answer: a switch", "output": [ "Understand current as it passes through a series circuit." ] }, { "id": "task593-f5492f77cc68443dbb24c692c6bddb0a", "input": "Question: Influenza is a type of what, where glycoproteins attach to a host epithelial cell? Answer: viral disease", "output": [ "Figure 17.6 In influenza virus infection, glycoproteins attach to a host epithelial cell. As a result, the virus is engulfed. RNA and proteins are made and assembled into new virions." ] }, { "id": "task593-9e5d14b8c3d2494d9a4159c05e94cb34", "input": "Question: What will be the effect to an organism if its homeostasis is not maintained? Answer: death or disease", "output": [ "All of the organ systems of the body work together to maintain homeostasis of the organism. If homeostasis fails, death or disease may result." ] }, { "id": "task593-3119e93ddf3e4ee8b376b24280da0a9b", "input": "Question: The skeletons of humans and horses are examples of what? Answer: endoskeletons", "output": [ "Figure 38.4 The skeletons of humans and horses are examples of endoskeletons. (credit: Ross Murphy)." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d36d20f5be44d11ad7f02eeead6fe42", "input": "Question: What is the science of classifying living things is called? Answer: taxonomy", "output": [ "Scientists classify living things to make sense of biodiversity and who how living things are related. The science of classifying living things is called taxonomy." ] }, { "id": "task593-e9dfe34177304548b11870a3763afcdf", "input": "Question: What bonds result from the overlap of atomic orbitals? Answer: covalents", "output": [ "Covalent bonds result from the overlap of atomic orbitals." ] }, { "id": "task593-c1de387b3f13441699f7ce2dad6f6807", "input": "Question: What are the key to species evolving? Answer: mutations", "output": [ "Mutations are the key to species evolving. Lets say an organism \"mutates\" due to a new allele for a gene that determines coat color. There are, theoretically, only three outcomes of that mutation:." ] }, { "id": "task593-8a35d05297c9406ea98f1ba90b6be964", "input": "Question: What type of cell transmits electrical impulses in the nervous system? Answer: nerve cell", "output": [ "cell that transmits electrical impulses in the nervous system; commonly called nerve cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-cc87e86f080a4d81952fd432c7b2c184", "input": "Question: What do all chemical reactions need to get started? Answer: activation energy", "output": [ "All chemical reactions, even exothermic reactions, need activation energy to get started. Activation energy is needed to bring reactants together so they can react." ] }, { "id": "task593-c16f1f22b21240db9c27dc5bfbbed61b", "input": "Question: Organisms cannot live alone, needing other organisms to survive; what is this relationship called? Answer: interdependence", "output": [ "Organisms are not independent, they are interdependent . They cannot live alone; they need other organisms to survive. The same is true for species. All species need other species to survive." ] }, { "id": "task593-d885154a3f3241fa8c595051aa07952c", "input": "Question: The combined magnetic force of the magnetized wire coil and iron bar makes an electromagnet what? Answer: very strong", "output": [ "The combined magnetic force of the magnetized wire coil and iron bar makes an electromagnet very strong." ] }, { "id": "task593-fc548b8afbc449ce80cb4365e3a335d3", "input": "Question: Where are protons and neutrons located? Answer: central nucleus", "output": [ "Protons and neutrons are located in a central nucleus, while electrons orbit about the nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-5fe8e90b2f5142db94d55a72852a81b2", "input": "Question: What is the chief organ of the urinary system? Answer: kidney", "output": [ "The kidneys are the chief organs of the urinary system." ] }, { "id": "task593-0e7bedd4b96344abb3aea6cf54783063", "input": "Question: How is oxygen transferred into the bloodstream? Answer: simple diffusion", "output": [ "The oxygen enters the bloodstream from the alveoli , tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place ( Figure below ). The transfer of oxygen into the blood is through simple diffusion." ] }, { "id": "task593-737919629a084fb683cff6fd1da60db9", "input": "Question: In what unit is frequency measured in? Answer: hertz", "output": [ "The frequency , , is the number of cycles an object or wave goes through in 1 second. Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz). 1 Hz = 1 cycle per sec." ] }, { "id": "task593-251c4b5f3ccf44dfbb5f22eccaee01bf", "input": "Question: Ecology, botany, and zoology are what type of science? Answer: life science", "output": [ "Life is complex and living things are incredibly diverse. Therefore, life science is divided into many fields, such as ecology, botany, and zoology." ] }, { "id": "task593-1b9e20404ae04cfab034e238dbbc502b", "input": "Question: What kind of messages do neurons send? Answer: electrical messages", "output": [ "Nervous tissue consists of nerve cells, or neurons, which can send and receive electrical messages. Nervous tissue makes up the brain, spinal cord, and other nerves that run throughout the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-d18f36ef3668415991743de3f351bc6f", "input": "Question: The largest absorption of heat comes during the vaporization of what? Answer: liquid water", "output": [ "The total heat absorbed as the ice at -30°C is heated to steam at 140°C is 113.4 kJ. The largest absorption of heat comes during the vaporization of the liquid water." ] }, { "id": "task593-aac7535a4b2442fe80b89e9a9b0534ca", "input": "Question: What is the thick fluid in the space between bones that cushions the joint? Answer: synovial fluid", "output": [ "Movable joints are also known as synovial joints. This is because the space between the bones is filled with a thick fluid, called synovial fluid, that cushions the joint (see Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-85eb7e9e59164f43a9080b0f2035568c", "input": "Question: What substance are physical objects are made of? Answer: matter", "output": [ "To understand minerals, we must first understand matter. Matter is the substance that physical objects are made of." ] }, { "id": "task593-6937e849637c4c0b948cb094e25649f0", "input": "Question: The ambrosia beetle bores holes in? Answer: tree bark", "output": [ "Ambrosia beetles bore holes in tree bark and “plant” fungal spores in the holes. The holes in the bark give the fungi an ideal place to grow. The beetles harvest fungi from their “garden. ”." ] }, { "id": "task593-a64bff09dc0b409281ee429ae58116ff", "input": "Question: What factor other than genes is important in determining adult height? Answer: nutrition", "output": [ "Genes play an important part in determining our adult height. However, factors such as poor nutrition can prevent us from achieving our full genetic potential." ] }, { "id": "task593-92d290f886d848569454cb07922ebb5f", "input": "Question: Which human body system system moves nutrients and other substances throughout the body? Answer: cardiovascular system", "output": [ "The cardiovascular system moves nutrients and other substances throughout the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-454a8f5df7714d3798377eac235f87ae", "input": "Question: Migration and hibernation are examples of behaviors that occur on what temporal basis? Answer: annual", "output": [ "Many animal behaviors occur in repeated cycles. Migration and hibernation are examples of behaviors with annual cycles. Sleeping and waking are examples of behaviors with daily cycles." ] }, { "id": "task593-4b355a912f6e4a33b5a70d2109fee97c", "input": "Question: Chordates include vertebrates and invertebrates that have what? Answer: a notochord", "output": [ "Chordates include vertebrates and invertebrates that have a notochord." ] }, { "id": "task593-230f783e244d423db1e9130b8f6972b9", "input": "Question: The variable is the speed of light. for the relationship to hold mathematically, if the speed of light is used in m/s, the wavelength must be in meters and the frequency in what? Answer: hertz", "output": [ "The variable is the speed of light. For the relationship to hold mathematically, if the speed of light is used in m/s, the wavelength must be in meters and the frequency in Hertz." ] }, { "id": "task593-e403fe32befc4385b552805a93094f0b", "input": "Question: Liquids with strong intermolecular forces have higher what than liquids with weaker forces? Answer: surface tension", "output": [ "Liquids with strong intermolecular forces have higher surface tensions than liquids with weaker forces." ] }, { "id": "task593-8069a36d9bb24ac5bdf62b756573e3c9", "input": "Question: What are biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy and make cell membranes? Answer: lipids", "output": [ "Lipids are biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy and make cell membranes. Types of lipids include fats, oils, and phospholipids." ] }, { "id": "task593-64bfd924f5d448b6a6f45fe13539a136", "input": "Question: The only invertebrates than can fly belong to what broad group, which is highly successful? Answer: insects", "output": [ "Insects are the only invertebrates than can fly. Flight is the main reason for their success." ] }, { "id": "task593-5ac54bc6288845e5a603b0b6991a0aa7", "input": "Question: What is the layman's term for mammals raising their hair with tiny muscles in the skin, something that is automatic in humans sensing cold? Answer: goosebumps", "output": [ "Goosebumps. Mammals raise their hair with tiny muscles in the skin. Even humans automatically contract these muscles when they are cold. They cause “goosebumps,” as shown here." ] }, { "id": "task593-134678d01332488abaffd86a03090c00", "input": "Question: Where does photosynthesis occur in plants? Answer: in chloroplasts", "output": [ "Figure 8.6 Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which have an outer membrane and an inner membrane. Stacks of thylakoids called grana form a third membrane layer." ] }, { "id": "task593-01ad2009b6344c36b01211d072912bca", "input": "Question: Which organ secretes estrogen? Answer: the ovaries", "output": [ "The ovaries release the eggs and secrete estrogen." ] }, { "id": "task593-d5a5b3d6eadb43178f4e09ba60be15f9", "input": "Question: He mass spectrometer measures the percent abundance of different what? Answer: isotopes", "output": [ "The mass spectrometer measures the percent abundance of different isotopes in a given sample." ] }, { "id": "task593-03c245675f924695bcde8443fab09f6a", "input": "Question: What type of carbon dioxide levels have been rising for the past several decades? Answer: atmospheric", "output": [ "Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising for the past several decades." ] }, { "id": "task593-496b8bdb537e4523b099204e6beace4c", "input": "Question: Triceps and biceps muscles in the upper arm are an example of what type of muscle relationship? Answer: opposing", "output": [ "Triceps and biceps muscles in the upper arm are opposing muscles." ] }, { "id": "task593-bd823d7e431941e1bf47012d4c1f305b", "input": "Question: What is a renewable resource that can take thousand of years to form? Answer: soil", "output": [ "Soil is a renewable resource, but it can take thousands of years to form. That’s why people need to do what they can to prevent soil erosion." ] }, { "id": "task593-46716a029ef54f51a74c407d408ae4a3", "input": "Question: What term is given to flatworms because they lack a body cavity? Answer: acoelomates", "output": [ "Flatworms have no true body cavity, but they do have bilateral symmetry. Due to the lack of a body cavity,flatworms are known as acoelomates." ] }, { "id": "task593-99f42b59f4994d0587ffb3ed8a6fef07", "input": "Question: What contains most of the structures found in skin? Answer: dermis", "output": [ "Structures of the Dermis. The dermis contains most of the structures found in skin." ] }, { "id": "task593-e94a1f72e1d04a0095cc9979f5132ac2", "input": "Question: An example of beta decay is the emission of an electron by a carbon-14 what? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "Transmutation also occurs when a nucleus undergoes decay. An example of beta decay is the emission of an electron by a carbon-14 nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-fbde327be46e4b7fa8c1797c9a1c4764", "input": "Question: \"red-shift\" refers to a shift toward red in the spectrum from what celestial bodies? Answer: stars", "output": [ "The spectrum from stars is shifted toward the red; this is known as red-shift. Red-shift of galaxies is evidence that the Universe is expanding." ] }, { "id": "task593-e5a1cc234ede41e8ada6927aca1e0e47", "input": "Question: Like ants and termites, they grow fungi inside the bark of trees and use it to help do what? Answer: digest food", "output": [ "Ambrosia beetles live in the bark of trees. Like ants and termites, they grow fungi inside the bark of trees and use it to help digest their food." ] }, { "id": "task593-7f252cc6caae4c1f9dbfedb946ed52f1", "input": "Question: Deserts and forests are examples of what type of biome? Answer: terrestrial", "output": [ "Terrestrial biomes , which are land-based, such as deserts and forests." ] }, { "id": "task593-67f10ccccb794577be2a7b4f829f2377", "input": "Question: Slime molds are fungus-like protists that grow as slimy masses on what? Answer: decaying matter", "output": [ "Slime molds are fungus-like protists that grow as slimy masses on decaying matter. They are commonly found on items such as rotting logs." ] }, { "id": "task593-2c53d393cee8491a882bd452fad0e582", "input": "Question: What is defined as the temperature plus precipitation of an area over a long period of time? Answer: climate", "output": [ "Climate is the temperature plus precipitation of an area. Not just today, but over a long period of time. Climate affects chemical weathering. Chemical weathering increases as:." ] }, { "id": "task593-f604276e05144660a688789153bd0bca", "input": "Question: Wings of bats and birds serve the same function. which body part should you study to understand ancestral differences? Answer: bones inside wings", "output": [ "Wings of bats and birds serve the same function. Look closely at the bones inside the wings. The differences show they developed from different ancestors." ] }, { "id": "task593-7e0026c890754ff09eaf4769d01220f8", "input": "Question: What type of pollution is generated by power plants and factories that can directly raise the temperature of water? Answer: thermal pollution", "output": [ "Thermal pollution raises the temperature of water. It is commonly caused by power plants and factories. The change in temperature can kill fish and other water organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-0d21b18effd44b378847a4565664a2e5", "input": "Question: What form when water vapor condenses in the air around specs of matter? Answer: clouds", "output": [ "Clouds form when water vapor condenses in the air around specs of matter. Clouds are classified on the basis of where and how they form. Types of clouds include cirrus, stratus, and cumulus clouds." ] }, { "id": "task593-57c26843762f416696f8225566c1b8b5", "input": "Question: Does blood flow increase or decrease when blood vessels constrict? Answer: decrease", "output": [ "When a blood vessel constricts, less blood can flow through it." ] }, { "id": "task593-13695482c0254ec0a12e83e42d14cb20", "input": "Question: A small molecule that binds to a larger molecule is known as a? Answer: ligand", "output": [ "http://www. kentchemistry. com/links/Kinetics/entropy. htm." ] }, { "id": "task593-4409e538623843cb81315a9bd173e309", "input": "Question: What is defined as a loss of hydrogen atoms? Answer: oxidation", "output": [ "Oxidation is also defined as a loss of hydrogen atoms. In the following equation, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde by the loss of two hydrogen atoms:." ] }, { "id": "task593-c003ef08d5c644c68513192403ba64f1", "input": "Question: What is the cloud of brown dust-like power that escapes when a puffball fungus is touched? Answer: spores", "output": [ "This is a \"puffball\" fungus. At maturity, clouds of a brown dust-like power escape when they are touched. This powdery substance is made up of spores, the reproductive structure of the fungus." ] }, { "id": "task593-cd5535647f5844e6bdf18538a61b1c3f", "input": "Question: Roots, stems and leaves are organs commonly found in what? Answer: plants", "output": [ "The three types of tissues work together in most plant organs. Three organs commonly found in modern plants are roots, stems, and leaves." ] }, { "id": "task593-2869edbe664549c48709c6e4c5c2996f", "input": "Question: What type of bonds only form in metals? Answer: metallic bonds", "output": [ "Special bonds form in metals that do not form in other classes of elements. They are called metallic bonds. The bonds explain some of the unique properties of elements in the metals class." ] }, { "id": "task593-20574818ca654e23987014843576284d", "input": "Question: Approximately how many galaxies are there in the universe? Answer: about a hundred billion", "output": [ "The Universe contains about a hundred billion galaxies." ] }, { "id": "task593-6f2676c5e02e455d80deb0f621bc1170", "input": "Question: The energy for an ecosystem can come from sunlight or _________? Answer: chemical compounds", "output": [ "All ecosystems need a constant input of energy in the form of sunlight or chemical compounds. Living things can be classified based on how they obtain energy as producers, consumers, or decomposers." ] }, { "id": "task593-1d510b1ec91f4ba9bef222206661781f", "input": "Question: The risk of what is raised by overexposure to the sun? Answer: skin cancer", "output": [ "It might be fun to lay out in the sun like these two girls are doing. But getting too much sun can be very dangerous. Overexposure to sunlight raises your risk for skin cancer." ] }, { "id": "task593-123d7104ae2f4f7698baa2274500aab4", "input": "Question: What type of animal are most reptiles in regards to diet? Answer: carnivores", "output": [ "Most reptiles are carnivores, and large reptiles are the top predators in their ecosystems." ] }, { "id": "task593-87d8dc14621e44db918c066cd7477d66", "input": "Question: What are the primary producers in the ocean? Answer: phytoplankton", "output": [ "Phytoplankton are the primary producers in the ocean. They form the base of most marine food chains." ] }, { "id": "task593-08c6c9cd4c634829a899a3c8a120aef4", "input": "Question: In vascular plants, the sporophyte generation is what? Answer: dominant", "output": [ "In vascular plants, the sporophyte generation is dominant." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c51ef6b00704a9798b3a9a9ac5401e3", "input": "Question: What filters pathogens and worn out red blood cells from the blood? Answer: the spleen", "output": [ "The spleen is in the upper abdomen. It filters pathogens and worn out red blood cells from the blood, and then lymphocytes in the spleen destroy them." ] }, { "id": "task593-0b8dd4ffa25a4e1ab1f2a82803dfbf4a", "input": "Question: Amphibian larvae go through what process to change into the adult form? Answer: metamorphosis", "output": [ "Amphibian larvae go through metamorphosis to change into the adult form." ] }, { "id": "task593-b226dc6ef2f84c8e9a66763c62bc097b", "input": "Question: What kind of gland produces an oily substance that waterproofs the hair and skin? Answer: sebaceous gland", "output": [ "oily substance produced in the dermis by a sebaceous gland that waterproofs the hair and skin." ] }, { "id": "task593-0a48fb3757b847f09ddc2154c0754e62", "input": "Question: What happens when an increase in temperature of a gas in a rigid container happens? Answer: pressure increases", "output": [ "An increase in temperature of a gas in a rigid container increases the pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-068292d0331c4250bfbf354bde6ba593", "input": "Question: What common code do all known living organisms use? Answer: genetic", "output": [ "The genetic code is universal. All known living organisms use the same genetic code. This shows that all organisms share a common evolutionary history." ] }, { "id": "task593-50126c9a1d32413dbd49b8e1380acc4c", "input": "Question: Enthalpy changes are measured by using what? Answer: calorimetry", "output": [ "Enthalpy changes are measured by using calorimetry." ] }, { "id": "task593-ee44ce320aa8492ca3bb93d7588dfbbb", "input": "Question: What occurs when there is a sudden and large falling of rocks down a slope? Answer: landslide", "output": [ "Landslides are sudden and massive falls of rock down a slope. Landslides may be very destructive or even deadly. Slump and creep are slower types of mass wasting." ] }, { "id": "task593-fcb13a5713ef4a25976487925f676c3d", "input": "Question: Precipitation maps show the amount of what in different areas? Answer: rainfall", "output": [ "Precipitation maps show the amount of rainfall in different areas." ] }, { "id": "task593-02297357c09e46deb27a856ec591987e", "input": "Question: What is the type of volcano with a tall cone shape that you picture when picturing a volcano? Answer: composite", "output": [ "A composite volcano forms the tall cone shape you usually think of when you think of a volcano. Shield volcanoes are huge, gently sloping volcanoes. Cinder cones are small, cone-shaped volcanoes." ] }, { "id": "task593-5a6aaa6832904cf8bdfc41cc95438064", "input": "Question: Groundwater does what to the rock beneath the ground surface? Answer: erodes it", "output": [ "Groundwater erodes rock beneath the ground surface. Limestone is a carbonate and is most easily eroded." ] }, { "id": "task593-ec051d9ae1ee413ab2a6b74c82c2a88f", "input": "Question: What are flightless birds that are strong swimmers and spend much of their time in the water? Answer: penguins", "output": [ "Penguins are flightless birds that are strong swimmers and spend much of their time in the water." ] }, { "id": "task593-bd173fa918aa4b6286d7610fac434fab", "input": "Question: What is it called when rays focus at different distances from the lens? Answer: spherical aberration", "output": [ "Figure 26.30 Spherical aberration is caused by rays focusing at different distances from the lens." ] }, { "id": "task593-0b205badfe22497f9413800d9383eadf", "input": "Question: What is an element that tend to be malleable? Answer: metal", "output": [ "Metals tend to be malleable. This means that they can be formed into thin sheets without breaking. An example is aluminum foil, also pictured in the Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-14568ed7ae11449390040a774c28c3b9", "input": "Question: Varves form in lakes covered by what? Answer: ice", "output": [ "Varves form in lakes covered by ice. Varves are useful to scientists for understanding climate." ] }, { "id": "task593-c6a0cba5c37d4553bb857036947ddef6", "input": "Question: What occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells of the same size? Answer: fission", "output": [ "Fission Occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells of the same size. Bacteria, Protists, Unicellular Fungi." ] }, { "id": "task593-39cdd6ecf2fb4a718296bacbcdba56dd", "input": "Question: Wave amplitude and wavelength are two important measures of what? Answer: wave size", "output": [ "Wave amplitude and wavelength are two important measures of wave size." ] }, { "id": "task593-36abf5914f7d4016bf95e905240501d1", "input": "Question: Hfcs are used as a replacement for what? Answer: cfcs", "output": [ "HFCs are used as a replacement for CFCs. The molecular structure of HFC134a is shown in this ball-and-stick model." ] }, { "id": "task593-393f2c1eaced4f6199d844b5d37b8ed3", "input": "Question: What is the name for the tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles? Answer: alveoli", "output": [ "Finally, air passes from the bronchi into smaller passages called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli." ] }, { "id": "task593-51e997c6a1324959958a206580c01293", "input": "Question: What type of plate is an island arc found on? Answer: oceanic", "output": [ "An island arc is a line of volcanoes on an oceanic plate. A continental arc is a line of volcanoes on a continental plate." ] }, { "id": "task593-cad9765b29c6427b9345a646f2b59bd3", "input": "Question: When referring to genes, what term describes the property of having multiple phenotypic effects? Answer: pleiotrophy", "output": [ "Many genes have multiple phenotypic effects, a property called pleiotropy." ] }, { "id": "task593-5588e117bbc14acea5c656f2208c6a90", "input": "Question: What is the most common type of cancer in adult females? Answer: breast", "output": [ "The most common type of cancer in adult females is cancer of the breast. About one third of all cancers in women are breast cancers." ] }, { "id": "task593-868e0602bb314b0e9c8f5d6c64274d07", "input": "Question: What is the common name for the midpoint between high and low tide? Answer: sea level", "output": [ "Sea level is the midpoint between high and low tide. It can vary around Earth." ] }, { "id": "task593-03c3b6c7f42645d59e5578b6bdb935b6", "input": "Question: What can be used to convert the energy provided by the sun to usable electrical energy? Answer: solar cells", "output": [ "Solar cells convert the energy in sunlight to electrical energy. They contain a material such as silicon that absorbs light energy and gives off electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-bd15cd28e608476a8d62b1729bc6d09a", "input": "Question: How many types of simple machines are there? Answer: six types", "output": [ "There are six types of simple machines. Machines that consist of two or more simple machines are called compound machines." ] }, { "id": "task593-66d9a63f646b4740aa4232a4aaa8bed0", "input": "Question: What type of plant keeps it green leaves year-round? Answer: evergreen plant", "output": [ "An evergreen plant keeps its green leaves year-round. It may have needle-like leaves to reduce water loss." ] }, { "id": "task593-0c7bb33028744676ac666c1636a99c05", "input": "Question: The right ventricle pumps what type of blood toward the lungs? Answer: oxygen-poor", "output": [ "The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood toward the lungs, where it receives oxygen." ] }, { "id": "task593-36bd712d56f3479b82b3ab305b3fdfde", "input": "Question: An electric transformer connects two circuits with an iron core that becomes what? Answer: electromagnet", "output": [ "An electric transformer connects two circuits with an iron core that becomes an electromagnet." ] }, { "id": "task593-39ca0076c04447189eed0f982ac8a3cc", "input": "Question: What hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms? Answer: saturated hydrocarbons", "output": [ "Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. As a result, each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible." ] }, { "id": "task593-f66b27e0497848c7a7ec8e41d202a91d", "input": "Question: Diamond, graphite and fullerene are examples of what form of carbon? Answer: crystalline", "output": [ "Pure carbon can form different types of crystals. Crystalline forms of carbon include diamond, graphite, and fullerenes." ] }, { "id": "task593-01c937a328e042c88fb394140074b941", "input": "Question: What type of tissue is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract? Answer: muscle tissue", "output": [ "Muscle tissue is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract, or become shorter. Muscles attached to bones enable the body to move." ] }, { "id": "task593-f672f90c4edb4b6abe08a68c0ffe252e", "input": "Question: Which process changes rocks by heat and pressure? Answer: metamorphism", "output": [ "Metamorphism changes rocks by heat and pressure. These agents create an entirely new type of rock. Metamorphism changes rocks physically and/or chemically." ] }, { "id": "task593-dc77c2260e344e7dbaf97cca9770cbdf", "input": "Question: What is another name for a broad explanation that is supported by a great deal of evidence? Answer: theory", "output": [ "A : A theory is needed to explain gravity. In science, a theory is a broad explanation that is supported by a great deal of evidence." ] }, { "id": "task593-c9926b62b6b5405a90c6fac58d62adff", "input": "Question: What term is used describe energy released during an earthquake? Answer: magnitude", "output": [ "For decades scientists have had equipment that can measure earthquake magnitude. The earthquake magnitude is the energy released during the quake." ] }, { "id": "task593-ed512196c4004a0fa935be81c61dcb8b", "input": "Question: A long chain of mountains that rises up high above the deep seafloor is called? Answer: mid-ocean ridges", "output": [ "mid-ocean ridges : A long chain of mountains that rises up high above the deep seafloor. An example is the light blue gash in middle of Atlantic Ocean. Light blue is higher elevation than dark blue." ] }, { "id": "task593-f8a2ce1f51994f3492820cc696ac1a96", "input": "Question: What are two of the most common vision problems? Answer: nearsightedness and farsightedness", "output": [ "Many people have vision problems. Often, the problem is due to the shape of the eyes and how they focus light. Two of the most common vision problems are nearsightedness and farsightedness." ] }, { "id": "task593-57bff2b5a0454a829eadb30a52f9952f", "input": "Question: What is a type of solid that lacks an ordered internal structure? Answer: an amorphous solid", "output": [ "An amorphous solid is a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure." ] }, { "id": "task593-af0fbd72bc604947865e6d2407f50e76", "input": "Question: What are large glaciers that cover a larger area than just a valley? Answer: ice caps", "output": [ "Ice caps are large glaciers that cover a larger area than just a valley. An ice cap can bury an entire mountain range or region ( Figure below ). Glaciers come off of ice caps into valleys." ] }, { "id": "task593-9f7d124be309437e8eb6159119098960", "input": "Question: What forms at the boundary between two air masses? Answer: a front", "output": [ "A front forms at the boundary between two air masses. Types of fronts include cold, warm, occluded, and stationary fronts. Clouds, precipitation, and storms commonly occur along fronts." ] }, { "id": "task593-77967fdde90d4ac68572fc09b6726635", "input": "Question: Some soil water can flow through easily. what kind of soil is this? Answer: permeable", "output": [ "Water can flow easily through a permeable soil. Spaces between the inorganic particles are large and well connected. Sandy or silty soils are permeable, water-draining types of soils." ] }, { "id": "task593-7565777cdf6048afb86c357eb5d91c8a", "input": "Question: What are needed to oxidize the noble gases to form compounds in positive oxidation states? Answer: potent oxidants", "output": [ "Potent oxidants are needed to oxidize the noble gases to form compounds in positive oxidation states." ] }, { "id": "task593-fa6ebb51dc844d23922bd2b89df3bd51", "input": "Question: The pulmonary circulation carries blood between what two organs? Answer: heart and lungs", "output": [ "The pulmonary circulation carries blood between the heart and lungs. The systemic circulation carries blood between the heart and body." ] }, { "id": "task593-bca47598164d4b198d78ab8b58ad87dc", "input": "Question: Cancer is caused by mutations, which can be caused by pathogens, chemicals, or what else? Answer: radiation", "output": [ "Cancer is caused by mutations, which can be caused by pathogens, chemicals, or radiation." ] }, { "id": "task593-c0d8abb87cdb4e7192737a782aa8d13b", "input": "Question: What theory explains the physical behavior of gases? Answer: kinetic theory of gases", "output": [ "The physical behavior of gases is explained by the kinetic theory of gases." ] }, { "id": "task593-3dfdd1aed2e443bb885a79cc4d395e02", "input": "Question: Most of food's chemical energy ultimately comes from what source? Answer: sunlight", "output": [ "Living things must have chemical energy from food to power life processes. Most of the chemical energy in food comes ultimately from the energy in sunlight." ] }, { "id": "task593-1f20b2910ae24ca693f7cbf944888c31", "input": "Question: Flatworms have a concentration of nerve tissue in the head end, which was a major step in the evolution of what organ? Answer: brain", "output": [ "Flatworms have a concentration of nerve tissue in the head end. This was a major step in the evolution of a brain. It was also needed for bilateral symmetry." ] }, { "id": "task593-1dd2740848534a548869a9615a959960", "input": "Question: Which carbohydrate is produced by photosynthesis? Answer: glucose", "output": [ "Glucose is the carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis. Energy-rich glucose is delivered through your blood to each of your cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-5dcb94b6682d48c1bba9f56b0b5f2180", "input": "Question: What is the first cell of a new organism? Answer: zygote", "output": [ "The new cell is stimulated with an electric shock and embryo development begins, as if it were a normal zygote . The zygote is the first cell of a new organism." ] }, { "id": "task593-9554cd8b21304bf992e8ee973b1d9455", "input": "Question: The marine west coast climate gets lots of rain because of what being nearby? Answer: the ocean", "output": [ "The marine west coast climate gets lots of rain from the nearby ocean." ] }, { "id": "task593-1351fa54797a43dd9a0df61786d3cc2c", "input": "Question: All living things are capable of what process whereby living things give rise to offspring? Answer: reproduction", "output": [ "All living things are capable of reproduction, the process by which living things give rise to offspring." ] }, { "id": "task593-68e4ed468f40453098f7c1cf9b2e3fa9", "input": "Question: Plants alternate between haploid and what? Answer: diploid", "output": [ "Plants alternate between haploid and diploid generations. Haploid cells have one of each pair of chromosomes. Diploid cells have two of each pair." ] }, { "id": "task593-05f587b5c805491b85c8de83c832c9cc", "input": "Question: What happens to light when it reflects from a rough surface? Answer: gets diffused", "output": [ "Figure 25.5 Light is diffused when it reflects from a rough surface. Here many parallel rays are incident, but they are reflected at many different angles since the surface is rough." ] }, { "id": "task593-46e42083fddd4d4bba443f99358eecb6", "input": "Question: What occurs when two waves combine and cancel each other out? Answer: destructive interference", "output": [ "Destructive interference occurs when two waves combine and cancel each other out. This occurs when a peak in one wave lines up with a trough in the other wave." ] }, { "id": "task593-73c5f5b558f84d9e89ff77fd3a7c9e99", "input": "Question: What change can you expect in vectors that are perpendicular to each other? Answer: no effect", "output": [ "Vectors that are perpendicular to each other have no effect on each other." ] }, { "id": "task593-5797ef4284894e9dbd41f85793d854a1", "input": "Question: What part of the eye controls the size of the pupil? Answer: iris", "output": [ "The iris is the colored part of the eye. It controls the size of the pupil." ] }, { "id": "task593-899164ca958d40d2a50e193f32008bac", "input": "Question: Acetyl-coa is formed from the breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, and what else? Answer: proteins", "output": [ "Acetyl-CoA is formed from the breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It is used in many biochemical pathways." ] }, { "id": "task593-4e029c2cf2f74515801c8b22e9ae802c", "input": "Question: What is the supply of water to land or crops to help growth called? Answer: irrigation", "output": [ "Some of the problems associated with intensive irrigation include all but." ] }, { "id": "task593-036ae9be4c6b43e38da27e1005ae7cc4", "input": "Question: Snails, scallops, and squids are examples of invertebrates called what? Answer: mollusks", "output": [ "Mollusks are invertebrates such as snails, scallops, and squids." ] }, { "id": "task593-7d5a2523ca07477bbab38869a5940b3a", "input": "Question: In the tropics what are the prevailing winds called? Answer: tradewinds", "output": [ "The major wind belts push the water in the surface currents. The water moves in the direction of :." ] }, { "id": "task593-54d341a222bd488391b3a71828079e9a", "input": "Question: In which way to vertebrates reproduces? Answer: sexually", "output": [ "Vertebrates reproduce sexually. Most have separate male and female sexes. Vertebrates have one of three reproductive strategies: ovipary, ovovivipary, or vivipary." ] }, { "id": "task593-468225f2ef2b45c5b945e922f6bc2b7d", "input": "Question: Water in its solid state is commonly known as what? Answer: ice", "output": [ "During the water cycle, water occurs in three different states: gas (water vapor), liquid (water), and solid (ice). Many processes are involved as water changes state in the water cycle." ] }, { "id": "task593-60a3777204324a119057f0e770ce9c4c", "input": "Question: What is an isotope that is radioactive called? Answer: radioisotopes", "output": [ "Many elements have one or more isotopes that are radioactive. These isotopes are called radioisotopes. An example of a radioisotope is carbon-14." ] }, { "id": "task593-47acbc6de0d344cb80a5fdc3f39d20d1", "input": "Question: Terrestrial biomes are classified by the climate and their what? Answer: biodiversity", "output": [ "Terrestrial biomes are classified by the climate and their biodiversity , especially the types of primary producers . The world map in Figure below shows where 13 major terrestrial biomes are found." ] }, { "id": "task593-594f57c0f054434488568a19bae7d318", "input": "Question: What do we call the energy-rich product of photosynthesis? Answer: glucose", "output": [ "Glucose is the energy-rich product of photosynthesis, a universal food for life. It is also the primary form in which your bloodstream delivers energy to every cell in your body." ] }, { "id": "task593-5b5fce19c8f04bacbb3819019df76943", "input": "Question: What type of rocks form from sediments that are cemented and compacted? Answer: sedimentary", "output": [ "Sedimentary rocks form from sediments that are cemented and compacted." ] }, { "id": "task593-680d41f0da89406aa58a480b6a14b04c", "input": "Question: Intestinal cells combine with proteins to create what? Answer: chylomicrons", "output": [ "Diffusion into intestinal cells, where they are combined with proteins to create chylomicrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-8577b1b1971b466c986be1f00ac7ee70", "input": "Question: Aquatic biomes in the ocean are called what? Answer: marine biomes", "output": [ "Aquatic biomes in the ocean are called marine biomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-fdeaa5d0eeae48629ba1ce3500e498ca", "input": "Question: The direction of the force of gravity is in what direction? Answer: straight line", "output": [ "The direction of the force of gravity is in a straight line between two objects. It is always attractive." ] }, { "id": "task593-3d1a0d6fb85f4fcfa0c871c43e16206f", "input": "Question: Coal, oil and natural gas are types of what formed from the remains of once living organisms? Answer: fossil fuels", "output": [ "Coal, oil and natural gas are all fossil fuels formed from the remains of once living organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-298701b230a84b53a12defbb31bccc52", "input": "Question: What does subduction of a plate lead to? Answer: melting and volcanism", "output": [ "Subduction of a plate leads to melting and volcanism." ] }, { "id": "task593-7a05bce9accd4e63bc9088e89a64b2b1", "input": "Question: What type of earthquake has a shallow focus because the plates meet near the surface? Answer: transform fault", "output": [ "Transform fault earthquakes have shallow focus because the plates meet near the surface." ] }, { "id": "task593-4de1092fc273468dbbda013d395b8f0b", "input": "Question: Motion of water molecules helps break up interactions between what? Answer: solid ions or molecules", "output": [ "Motion of water molecules helps break up interactions between solid ions or molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-fa8d2db7340a412e8393d4a8d549433f", "input": "Question: Which asexual reproduction method do starfish use to reproduce? Answer: fragmentation", "output": [ "Starfish reproduce by fragmentation and yeasts reproduce by budding. Both are types of asexual reproduction." ] }, { "id": "task593-0b8a4cae9cc04f82a66c603c8f909179", "input": "Question: Which of these is last if ordered in increasing size: galaxy, solar system, star cluster? Answer: galaxy", "output": [ "Compared to Earth, the solar system is a big place. Compared to the solar system a star cluster is a big place. But galaxies are bigger—a lot bigger." ] }, { "id": "task593-d44af5e530d14062b72106146f503f76", "input": "Question: What are solid lipids that animals use to store energy called? Answer: fats", "output": [ "Fats are solid lipids that animals use to store energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-fa09da82addc4493b3fe0eee02fe15f4", "input": "Question: What type of shape does sodium chloride have? Answer: cubic", "output": [ "Sodium chloride crystals are cubic in shape. Other ionic compounds may have crystals with different shapes." ] }, { "id": "task593-5332970cf1924aababaf33e33905ac28", "input": "Question: Which gas is released by the group of archaea known as methanogens? Answer: methane", "output": [ "Archaea that produce methane are called methanogens." ] }, { "id": "task593-72f15eb375604d7c95a6ad10f1af8fc3", "input": "Question: What type of rocks form from cooled magma or lava? Answer: igneous", "output": [ "Igneous rocks form from cooled magma or lava." ] }, { "id": "task593-02c9daaee5e0485c82b2fdbff3cad0ff", "input": "Question: All atoms have equal numbers of what two particles? Answer: electrons and protons", "output": [ "Electrons are one of three main types of particles that make up the atom. They are extremely small and have an electric charge of -1. All atoms have the same number of electrons as protons." ] }, { "id": "task593-ea283895c0364b7facc15c82d07e5ac0", "input": "Question: What is the sum of the massess of the atoms in a molecule? Answer: molecular mass", "output": [ "The molecular mass is the sum of the masses of the atoms in a molecule." ] }, { "id": "task593-eb8ffa1b289e4c61b53357ec0efc08a4", "input": "Question: When an acid and base solutions react, they produce water and a neutral ionic compound known as what? Answer: salt", "output": [ "When acid and base solutions react, they produce water and a neutral ionic compound called a salt. The reaction is called a neutralization reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-545a6d62d9004fd2aa1bfabc2a2abc5e", "input": "Question: Trophic level 4 = tertiary consumers that eat what kind of consumers? Answer: secondary consumers", "output": [ "Trophic level 4 = tertiary consumers that eat secondary consumers." ] }, { "id": "task593-464f706be58b4c6b8b75e3816cae20f0", "input": "Question: Dinosaurs filled the niches that mammals fill today during which era? Answer: mesozoic", "output": [ "In the Mesozoic, dinosaurs filled the niches that mammals fill today." ] }, { "id": "task593-15f74371a7ba45f48318e16b829bdff4", "input": "Question: What organ protects the body from injury, water loss, and microorganisms? Answer: skin", "output": [ "Skin protects the body from injury, water loss, and microorganisms. It also plays a major role in maintaining a stable body temperature. Common skin problems include acne and skin cancer." ] }, { "id": "task593-17a3bb0dc7194bd18b4af395a1f0dff0", "input": "Question: What type of diagnosis happens before a baby is born? Answer: prenatal", "output": [ "Prenatal diagnosis refers to the diagnosis of a disease or condition before the baby is born." ] }, { "id": "task593-eeeae194fb36413f8dfde0a786cfdfa8", "input": "Question: What is necessary for new alleles to be created? Answer: new mutations", "output": [ "No new mutations are occurring. Therefore, no new alleles are being created." ] }, { "id": "task593-1efb73ae76e140738a8caf70854b6e87", "input": "Question: The eardrum is part of what part of the ear? Answer: outer", "output": [ "The outer ear includes the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-336cc507682e4500aed8b021b9b99394", "input": "Question: What is the term for how close a measurement is to the true value? Answer: accuracy", "output": [ "Accuracy is how close a measurement is to the true value. For example, 66 mL is a fairly accurate measurement of the liquid in Figure above ." ] }, { "id": "task593-9e3139ec9c6344e1af88c295ae00ec66", "input": "Question: What do nonvascular plants reproduce with? Answer: spores", "output": [ "Nonvascular plants are low-growing, reproduce with spores, and need a moist habitat." ] }, { "id": "task593-de17d0790af2421aa3c26c64e1d879a0", "input": "Question: What makes and stores pigments that give petals and fruit their orange and yellow colors? Answer: chromoplasts", "output": [ "Chromoplasts make and store pigments that give petals and fruit their orange and yellow colors." ] }, { "id": "task593-9c82f024a37c40d299aa253e8dbaf26f", "input": "Question: The skull is a part of a vertebrate endoskeleton that encloses and protects what organ? Answer: brain", "output": [ "part of a vertebrate endoskeleton that encloses and protects the brain; also called the skull." ] }, { "id": "task593-10f49f1236eb4d578a7ef7180da924c9", "input": "Question: What kind of volcanoes often form along divergent plate boundaries? Answer: shield", "output": [ "Shield volcanoes often form along divergent plate boundaries. They also form at hotspots, like Hawaii. Shield volcano eruptions are non-explosive." ] }, { "id": "task593-5103377f632844fb8a8da1913d6e360d", "input": "Question: What is the process of getting oxygen into the body & releasing carbon dioxide called? Answer: respiration", "output": [ "The process of getting oxygen into the body and releasing carbon dioxide is called respiration." ] }, { "id": "task593-559b438539cf4deb8e98408e531f8c3e", "input": "Question: In humans and other multicellular organisms, different types of what basic structures are specialized for specific jobs? Answer: cells", "output": [ "Different types of cells in the human body are specialized for specific jobs. Do you know the functions of any of the cell types shown here?." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e71bacd8f774811b84ff9c82e342449", "input": "Question: The diffusion of water across a membrane because of a difference in concentration is called? Answer: osmosis", "output": [ "The diffusion of water across a membrane because of a difference in concentration is called osmosis . Let's explore three different situations and analyze the flow of water." ] }, { "id": "task593-b77a39fb9557436ea0c9c402ab2c049a", "input": "Question: Crests and troughs are the high and low points of a what? Answer: transverse wave", "output": [ "Crests and troughs are the high and low points of a transverse wave." ] }, { "id": "task593-e2067509af434fe59420311d687f3549", "input": "Question: What radiation, generally produced by thermal motion and the vibration and rotation of atoms and molecules, literally means \"below red\"? Answer: infrared", "output": [ "where k is a constant equal to Electric Potential." ] }, { "id": "task593-b45eecd8e2184c00b4b9221b2577bbe3", "input": "Question: What substance flows over the land from precipitation or melting snow or ice? Answer: water", "output": [ "water that flows over the land from precipitation or melting snow or ice." ] }, { "id": "task593-975b67567fcf43f599ef1848962a1d8f", "input": "Question: Protists are the simplest of what? Answer: eukaryotes", "output": [ "Protists are the simplest eukaryotes. They are easiest to define by what they are not. Protists are not animals, plants, or fungi." ] }, { "id": "task593-e36c5ee5d3c24cd28c3b0d3ea4655695", "input": "Question: All chemical reactions require what to get started? Answer: activation energy", "output": [ "Some chemical reactions release energy, whereas other chemical reactions absorb energy. All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started." ] }, { "id": "task593-fdae25a5b5ca4725b1c84c8d6cb015f1", "input": "Question: What is the term for the steep sloped side of a sand dune? Answer: slip face", "output": [ "A sand dune has a gentle slope on the side the wind blows from. The opposite side has a steep slope. This side is called the slip face." ] }, { "id": "task593-99f772c0f04d4821ab0a71adcb9338d5", "input": "Question: Lactic acid fermentation is common in muscle cells that have run out of what? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "Figure 7.14 Lactic acid fermentation is common in muscle cells that have run out of oxygen." ] }, { "id": "task593-6d659010ccf54fbe870b165f0e4fa4a2", "input": "Question: When performing anaerobic exercise, your muscles work against what? Answer: resistance", "output": [ "Anaerobic exercises involve the muscles working against resistance. In this case the resistance is the weight of a barbell." ] }, { "id": "task593-28c0fb95e2ae49bfb0c8e214030a0a4f", "input": "Question: What type of waves travel through the body of a planet? Answer: body waves", "output": [ "Body waves travel through the body of a planet. Surface waves travel along the surface." ] }, { "id": "task593-4bc6ba718a244c78b78285121336d206", "input": "Question: What type of creature is a scallop? Answer: mollusk", "output": [ "Some mollusks, such as oysters and scallops, are important food sources." ] }, { "id": "task593-fb043eed2ed5468989b4a3682d8a6c36", "input": "Question: After passing through capillaries and being filtered, clean blood leaves what organ through a vein? Answer: kidney", "output": [ "Blood with wastes enters each kidney through an artery, which branches into many capillaries. After passing through capillaries and being filtered, the clean blood leaves the kidney through a vein." ] }, { "id": "task593-e075657dc06f49c49b81132624b3ca5e", "input": "Question: When current flows in just one direction, what is it called? Answer: direct current", "output": [ "When current flows in just one direction, it is called direct current (DC) . The current that flows through a battery-powered flashlight is direct current." ] }, { "id": "task593-ccca7f6faef147baa63e983962871979", "input": "Question: What were the first vertebrates to evolve? Answer: fish", "output": [ "Fish were the first vertebrates to evolve. The earliest fish lived in the water, and modern fish are still aquatic." ] }, { "id": "task593-f0c2e0a331244fe7b917eeaf013ff96d", "input": "Question: What type of resource is limited in supply and cannot be replaced except over millions of years? Answer: natural resource", "output": [ "Natural resource that is limited in supply and cannot be replaced except over millions of years." ] }, { "id": "task593-67b8bb477c324b12a005766cf0faff68", "input": "Question: Magnetite crystals of different ages and on different continents pointed to different spots. the simplest explanation is that the continents have done what? Answer: moved", "output": [ "Magnetite crystals of different ages and on different continents pointed to different spots. The simplest explanation is that the continents have moved." ] }, { "id": "task593-323dc2fed191461a84a60b9ad34743b4", "input": "Question: What is a solid particle that is indestructible? Answer: atom", "output": [ "Atoms are solid particles that are indestructible." ] }, { "id": "task593-ed71518672db42d2949567ddfc87d33f", "input": "Question: Regulatory proteins bind to regulatory elements to control what? Answer: transcription", "output": [ "Regulation of Transcription. Regulatory proteins bind to regulatory elements to control transcription. The regulatory elements are embedded within the DNA." ] }, { "id": "task593-42ccded4ffcc49c791a32835aa79a2d0", "input": "Question: What type of pollutants enter the air directly? Answer: primary", "output": [ "Primary pollutants enter the air directly. Some are released by natural processes, like ash from volcanoes. Most are released by human activities. Carbon oxides are released when fossil fuels burn." ] }, { "id": "task593-eca02164c33a4d6ebf1b9645bc1945b8", "input": "Question: What is the unit used to measure voltage? Answer: volts", "output": [ "Electric current occurs whenever there is a difference in electric potential energy, or voltage. Voltage is measured in volts (V)." ] }, { "id": "task593-ad72af443d28408bb65ba77b97d9e18c", "input": "Question: The active site can only bind certain what? Answer: substrates", "output": [ "The active site is specific for the reactants of the biochemical reaction the enzyme catalyzes. Similar to puzzle pieces fitting together, the active site can only bind certain substrates." ] }, { "id": "task593-702db2f5172f4a69941e17cd7977619b", "input": "Question: What is used to fluoridate drinking water to promote dental health Answer: calcium fluoride", "output": [ "Calcium fluoride is used to fluoridate drinking water to promote dental health. Crystalline CaF 2 (d = 3.1805 3." ] }, { "id": "task593-2dbda37621a74409b8ef8a6e2ee803dd", "input": "Question: What type of organisms do carnivores feed on? Answer: animals", "output": [ "Carnivores feed on animals, either herbivores or other carnivores. Snakes that eat mice are carnivores. Hawks that eat snakes are also carnivores ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-19a2c87b941843559cc2068ada88dae2", "input": "Question: What forms when the spores from two parents fuse during sexual reproduction? Answer: zygospore", "output": [ "Sexual reproduction occurs when spores from two parents fuse and form a zygospore." ] }, { "id": "task593-9926aedc4fdd4315a065be2a5e697bbf", "input": "Question: What are considered to be the smallest particles of matter? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "All substances are made of atoms. Atoms are the smallest particles of matter. They cannot be divided into smaller particles, created, or destroyed." ] }, { "id": "task593-75d266eea24f4211bc42377fe72e3491", "input": "Question: Titration is a method to determine what in acids or bases? Answer: concentration", "output": [ "The concentration of an acid or base can be determined by titration." ] }, { "id": "task593-ea8bcc8ab686482ab72291eda519eaab", "input": "Question: Crossover occurs between non-sister chromatids of which chromosomes? Answer: homologous", "output": [ "Figure 11.3 Crossover occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. The result is an exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-373a8700a9bc47579d41e99dfe7377d1", "input": "Question: What type of bonds contain atoms that possess either a partial positive or a partial negative charge? Answer: polar bonds", "output": [ "Polar bonds contain atoms that possess either a partial positive or a partial negative charge." ] }, { "id": "task593-764a75bbb050496aa2d1fc9b1f6911fa", "input": "Question: What does the urethra do? Answer: carries urine and sperm out of the body", "output": [ "The penis is an external, cylinder-shaped organ that contains the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine out of the body. It also carries sperm out of the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-5545d7e00dfe4745ad51f791de35341e", "input": "Question: Portable amplifiers have batteries that store what type of energy? Answer: chemical energy", "output": [ "Amplifier: Tim Walker; Battery: Emilian Robert Vicol. Portable amplifiers have batteries that store chemical energy . Amplifier: CC BY 2.0; Battery: Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-151651ada02f4cb291a750f4da4e0835", "input": "Question: The rate of evolution is influenced by the rate of changes to what? Answer: the environment", "output": [ "The rate of evolution is influenced by how quickly the environment is changing. Long periods of gradual evolutionary change may be interrupted by short bursts of rapid change." ] }, { "id": "task593-d9a8cfff9d204fbcb1ec5265d9ae7919", "input": "Question: Because their cells are arranged in bundles, the appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscles is described as what? Answer: striated", "output": [ "http://zonalandeducation. com/mstm/physics/mechanics/vectors/introduction/introductionVectors. html." ] }, { "id": "task593-4868793f63c241be93c8846883a7edce", "input": "Question: The fight or flight response and similar responses are controlled by what part of the nervous system? Answer: autonomous", "output": [ "Image copyright CREATISTA, 2014. The autonomous nervous system controls responses such as fight or flight . Used under license from Shutterstock. com." ] }, { "id": "task593-6a239325d0fa413a8b84bda161478194", "input": "Question: What happens to energy when an atom gains an electron? Answer: it is released", "output": [ "A: Energy is released when an atom gains an electron. Halogens release the most energy when they form ions. As a result, they are very reactive elements." ] }, { "id": "task593-4779975a6c4d4fa8a8b440f33c953738", "input": "Question: What is the name of plant-like protists? Answer: algae", "output": [ "Plant-like protists are called algae (singular, alga). They are a large and diverse group. Some algae, diatoms, are single-celled. Others, such as seaweed, are multicellular (see Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-33665428870f4323a532ed7ec605583f", "input": "Question: Hormones send what through your body? Answer: signals", "output": [ "Good record keeping is very important in scientific research." ] }, { "id": "task593-f0c385a53bf94282849c3c18520f1a13", "input": "Question: What are molecules that the immune system recognize as foreign to the body? Answer: antigens", "output": [ "The average kinetic energy of atoms (each of mass and average speed ) in a gas is related to the temperature of the gas, measured in Kelvin. The Boltzmann constant is a constant of nature, equal to." ] }, { "id": "task593-0df4f6cff96e460ba6d10cb9814b9a9d", "input": "Question: Where do most red algae species live? Answer: oceans", "output": [ "Red algae are a very large group of protists making up about 5,000–6,000 species. They are mostly multicellular and live in the ocean. Many red algae are seaweeds and help create coral reefs." ] }, { "id": "task593-2fba2b7e3cb0449b9e5a14640c72f304", "input": "Question: Bone marrow, the thymus gland, the spleen, and the tonsils are organs in what body system? Answer: immune system", "output": [ "Immune system organs include bone marrow, the thymus gland, the spleen, and the tonsils. Each organ has a different job in the immune system." ] }, { "id": "task593-b1c71f9a329f49c384d2aec33821103c", "input": "Question: What color and shape are cumulus clouds? Answer: white and puffy", "output": [ "Cumulus clouds are white and puffy. Convection currents make them grow upward, and they may grow very tall. When they produce rain, they are called cumulonimbus." ] }, { "id": "task593-3959508cdcc04b249c7e04edc17a7b53", "input": "Question: What type of diseases do antibiotics not affect? Answer: viruses", "output": [ "Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. Several viral diseases can be treated with antiviral drugs or prevented with vaccines." ] }, { "id": "task593-c08ba6c0b1204d4e9546f6a04e278875", "input": "Question: What is the final product of the calvin cycle? Answer: glucose", "output": [ "The final product of the Calvin cycle is glucose." ] }, { "id": "task593-07e4c32505924e71b75ef7cb3ce4fe04", "input": "Question: How do you determine the atomic weight of an element? Answer: add up protons and neutrons", "output": [ "The atomic weight of an element is a weighted average of its isotopes." ] }, { "id": "task593-308b9aa2873649a995b8bc8807cb26d0", "input": "Question: How does carbon dioxide chemically weather rocks? Answer: by creating acids", "output": [ "Carbon dioxide chemically weathers rock by creating acids." ] }, { "id": "task593-57c580b649c349719bf9aebf2c5d6b59", "input": "Question: What system includes lymph organs, lymph vessels, lymph, and lymph nodes? Answer: immune", "output": [ "The immune system includes lymph organs, lymph vessels, lymph, and lymph nodes." ] }, { "id": "task593-6440c3c7892245f89741d0d2e389ec2a", "input": "Question: The mechanical advantage of a machine is related to how it changes what? Answer: force", "output": [ "The mechanical advantage of a machine is related to how it changes force. Explain this relationship." ] }, { "id": "task593-22677999bb234ff9b9f23663f05d21a2", "input": "Question: What is the first step of the calvin cycle called? Answer: carbon fixation", "output": [ "The Calvin cycle has three major steps: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. All three steps take place in the stroma of a chloroplast." ] }, { "id": "task593-4002cb7b8c9d416aa8c0c3ee6ccbc6b1", "input": "Question: Chemical reactions always involve energy. when methane burns, for example, it releases energy in the form of what? Answer: heat and light", "output": [ "Chemical reactions always involve energy. When methane burns, for example, it releases energy in the form of heat and light. Other chemical reactions absorb energy rather than release it." ] }, { "id": "task593-12f9dbc899264b658524b7339aca4f9d", "input": "Question: What branch of biology focuses on heredity? Answer: genetics", "output": [ "When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, the reaction bubbles vigorously as hydrogen gas is produced. The production of a gas is also an indication that a chemical reaction is occurring." ] }, { "id": "task593-a325f2db3c4447578fd2a279a97c05be", "input": "Question: Which latitudes get the most energy from the sun? Answer: lowest latitudes", "output": [ "The lowest latitudes get the most energy from the Sun. The highest latitudes get the least." ] }, { "id": "task593-2a602b992354431ab729f4c1299e64cb", "input": "Question: What does a healthy immune system fight off? Answer: infections and other dieases", "output": [ "Eat well, get enough sleep, and be active every day. These healthy lifestyle choices will help keep your immune system healthy so it can fight off respiratory infections and other diseases." ] }, { "id": "task593-74e62bf6d3964c96a08a57281cd8a6ed", "input": "Question: What is the force of attraction between things that have mass Answer: gravity", "output": [ "Gravity has traditionally been defined as a force of attraction between things that have mass. The strength of gravity between two objects depends on their mass and their distance apart." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d0ce4b6001247b398c7f262949e7894", "input": "Question: The two main agents of soil erosion are water and what else? Answer: wind", "output": [ "The main agents of soil erosion are water and wind." ] }, { "id": "task593-fc4f3f2a36f94c4eb5575a477a874652", "input": "Question: What protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes? Answer: absorptive", "output": [ "Absorptive protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes. This occurs by diffusion . These protists are important decomposers." ] }, { "id": "task593-f033cc8d9bcf48bb944dfb6d54103c90", "input": "Question: Three ways that waves may interact with matter are reflection, refraction, and what? Answer: diffraction", "output": [ "Three ways that waves may interact with matter are reflection, refraction, and diffraction." ] }, { "id": "task593-c1b20799defe497e8f6a5a0ea3a40d34", "input": "Question: The white mountains in new hampshire are part of what province? Answer: appalachian", "output": [ "The White Mountains in New Hampshire are part of the Appalachian province. The mountains are only around 6,000 feet high." ] }, { "id": "task593-80aaf79d241b49b284d5c8b7aecb9d1e", "input": "Question: What controls the shape of a developing zygote early in its development? Answer: gap genes", "output": [ "Gap genes control the shape of a developing zygote early in its development. Gap mutants are missing segments in their embryos. These genes are highly regulated." ] }, { "id": "task593-8cffab0a7e7f48588dd3740f6486ff14", "input": "Question: In what human organ system would you find live e. coli bacteria? Answer: digestive system", "output": [ "E. coli bacteria are anaerobic bacteria that live in the human digestive tract." ] }, { "id": "task593-0daee661b4344f1ab7ca5d40dd4a72f4", "input": "Question: What are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions? Answer: ionic bonds", "output": [ "Ionic bonds are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ba6ef7e0e954cf09249b39aea7406f9", "input": "Question: Supercontinents have formed at least how many times in earth history? Answer: five", "output": [ "The first continents were small but they grew over time. Supercontinents have formed at least five times in Earth history." ] }, { "id": "task593-e75f5d66eb904dff9f68aa4d6c22f00a", "input": "Question: What can be looked at to see a record of how horses evolved? Answer: fossil records", "output": [ "Evolution of the Horse. The fossil record reveals how horses evolved." ] }, { "id": "task593-ecfbcdaa51e341f694a14fa646b30d03", "input": "Question: What do we call the diffusion of water across a membrane because of a difference in concentration? Answer: osmosis", "output": [ "The diffusion of water across a membrane because of a difference in concentration is called osmosis." ] }, { "id": "task593-d888b0e49ad440c1bf3f86302262277e", "input": "Question: The trade winds are nearest what? Answer: equator", "output": [ "The wind belts have names. The Trade Winds are nearest the equator. The next belt is the westerlies. Finally are the polar easterlies. The names are the same in both hemispheres." ] }, { "id": "task593-a153746ecafc4abcbb6812f39584d407", "input": "Question: Which types of muscles cause bones to move when they retract? Answer: skeletal muscles", "output": [ "Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton and cause bones to move when they contract." ] }, { "id": "task593-f1cf419851da44a7893b8d015687167b", "input": "Question: Latitude, humidity, and elevation affect the type of what, a term for a large naturally occurring community? Answer: biome", "output": [ "Factors affecting biome type include latitude, humidity, and elevation." ] }, { "id": "task593-07c2c6fe72234c4287575e369af0a285", "input": "Question: What type of systemic response involves lymphocytes? Answer: immune", "output": [ "There are two different types of immune responses. Both types involve lymphocytes. However, one type of response involves B cells. The other type involves T cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-1d5645113645430b86b4b55ff46d5405", "input": "Question: What does increasing a solute's temperature do? Answer: increases its solubility", "output": [ "If a solute is a solid or liquid, increasing the temperature increases its solubility. For example, more sugar can dissolve in hot water than in cold water." ] }, { "id": "task593-cb6c63f025ae4de88c9a1fa8705f400a", "input": "Question: In sexual reproduction, two of what unite to produce an offspring? Answer: gametes", "output": [ "In sexual reproduction, two gametes unite to produce an offspring. Which two gametes is a matter of chance. The union of gametes occurs randomly." ] }, { "id": "task593-17301bcc39824a5fbde40242af608a08", "input": "Question: What are ring-shaped hydrocarbons called? Answer: cyclic hydrocarbons", "output": [ "Hydrocarbons may form straight chains, branched chains, or rings. Ring-shaped hydrocarbons are called cyclic hydrocarbons." ] }, { "id": "task593-8013dfb4e8b14be5ab5e515b5adbffee", "input": "Question: What kind of summers do humid continental climates have? Answer: cold summers", "output": [ "Humid continental climates have warm winters and cold summers. Subarctic climates have cool short summers and very cold winters." ] }, { "id": "task593-d55bbd3f6d554bb08fdd29d5c35507d5", "input": "Question: What can help scientist gather information for an investigation? Answer: observations", "output": [ "Observations raise questions that lead to scientific investigations. Observations also help scientists gather evidence in investigations." ] }, { "id": "task593-e654ee2cd51d4849ad974b42c443aa5c", "input": "Question: What system includes the brain and the spinal cord? Answer: central nervous", "output": [ "31.2 Central nervous system Central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord. Brain There are four lobes of the brain. • • • •." ] }, { "id": "task593-cb8e036e25834d3faab5e54129ba2961", "input": "Question: What do you call catalysts that are found inside of living things? Answer: enzymes", "output": [ "Chemical reactions constantly occur inside living things, and many of them require catalysts to occur quickly enough to support life. Catalysts in living things are called enzymes." ] }, { "id": "task593-f0dffa2719fa4f938f3fba3bd7a69dfd", "input": "Question: What is solid water that forms when water vapor undergoes deposition? Answer: frost", "output": [ "Frost is solid water that forms when water vapor undergoes deposition." ] }, { "id": "task593-7cdd1bd7e1964c4394d37ebc0f8ae639", "input": "Question: In a chemical reaction, what, in general, comes together in order to form a product? Answer: reactants", "output": [ "Bonds break and reform during chemical reactions. Reactants and products contain the same atoms, but they are rearranged during the reaction, so reactants and products are different substances." ] }, { "id": "task593-a158b0e39fdb4c72812a7c41ba0d438e", "input": "Question: What is the hollow sac like organ that stores urine until it is excreted? Answer: bladder", "output": [ "hollow, sac-like organ that stores urine until it is excreted from the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-3f0f1dc19bf3439a9b08547edf0286e4", "input": "Question: Plants and algae maintain the atmosphere. during photosynthesis, they add oxygen and remove what? Answer: carbon dioxide", "output": [ "Plants and algae maintain the atmosphere. During photosynthesis, they add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide." ] }, { "id": "task593-8f39f4392ef649cdaa7329cab8c58470", "input": "Question: What is an important level of organization in ecology and the unit of microevolution? Answer: population", "output": [ "The population is an important level of organization in ecology. It is also the unit of microevolution." ] }, { "id": "task593-3bdb088a14ac4368899ec5c76c9f79fd", "input": "Question: What is a galvanic process that can be prevented using cathodic protection? Answer: corrosion", "output": [ "Corrosion is a galvanic process that can be prevented using cathodic protection. CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS 1." ] }, { "id": "task593-f21577dcaf5d433d82c68087a3a0c9c7", "input": "Question: The variation in a sample can be represented by what quantity, which means the total spread of values? Answer: range", "output": [ "The variation in a sample can be represented by the range, or the total spread of values." ] }, { "id": "task593-0676076e60fa4663886e440a9398afda", "input": "Question: What is a layer of saturated porous rock? Answer: an aquifer", "output": [ "An aquifer is a layer of saturated porous rock. It lies below the water table. An impermeable layer, such as clay, is below the aquifer." ] }, { "id": "task593-c9f8cbd514ed4b44bbb1e4701fbc6b56", "input": "Question: What do power plants burn to generate electricity? Answer: fossil fuels", "output": [ "Power plants and factories account for more than a quarter of fossil fuel use. Power plants burn fossil fuels to generate electricity. Factories burn fossil fuels to power machines." ] }, { "id": "task593-21d53bbf672b441ba78c9716f46e2fe1", "input": "Question: What are the two types of vascular plants? Answer: seedless and seed", "output": [ "Vascular plants are further divided into seedless and seed plants." ] }, { "id": "task593-ead3a3a73e1747a5b6e8507e3cf7a356", "input": "Question: What is the hardest type of coal? Answer: anthracite", "output": [ "5. Anthracite is the hardest type of coal because it is metamorphic. Anthracite causes less pollution when it burns. Why do you think that is?." ] }, { "id": "task593-fd6d1e875f1c482595e69eb307fa14b0", "input": "Question: What does the slope of a position-time graph represent? Answer: velocity", "output": [ "The slope of a position-time graph represents velocity. The steeper the slope is, the faster the motion is changing." ] }, { "id": "task593-c0f1c05dcf254c56be6a901ccb5d660b", "input": "Question: Does warm air sit above or below cooler air in the troposphere? Answer: below", "output": [ "In the troposphere, warm air ordinarily sits below cooler air." ] }, { "id": "task593-240c6cd91f7e4dcbbe13ab8410a1fc13", "input": "Question: What property of toluene and xylene makes them important in the chemical industry? Answer: solvent property", "output": [ "Toluene and xylene are important solvents and raw materials in the chemical industry. Styrene is used to produce the polymer polystyrene." ] }, { "id": "task593-8cb03a9b5c58405185057e13a71d0952", "input": "Question: What is the main cause of outdoor air pollution? Answer: burning of fossil fuels", "output": [ "The main cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels. Outdoor air pollution causes human health problems, acid rain, and global climate change." ] }, { "id": "task593-883cf5e3642446ef86bcda00a1552637", "input": "Question: What corrosive substances capable of dissolving many metals can cause contamination if spilled? Answer: acids", "output": [ "Acids can dissolve many metals; a spilled acid can lead to contamination." ] }, { "id": "task593-abf74066934e4c74a5443ddfd34cff69", "input": "Question: What is the process of drawing general conclusions based on many pieces of evidence? Answer: inductive reasoning", "output": [ "Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing general conclusions based on many pieces of evidence. This type of reasoning is the basis of the scientific method." ] }, { "id": "task593-d0f42ca3d5f040feb9eeb9e40f04e9f4", "input": "Question: Plants and fungi cells have what basic cell structure, which animals do not have? Answer: cell wall", "output": [ "Plants and fungi cells both have a cell wall, which animals do not have." ] }, { "id": "task593-39a81a1eba74404990c9233b63e87431", "input": "Question: Where does the development of a fetus take place? Answer: the female reproductive system", "output": [ "Earth has a tremendous amount of water. So why is water sometimes a scarce resource?." ] }, { "id": "task593-2f848eebe43f4d63afdc4f6f24320fde", "input": "Question: What do we call the seasonal movement of animals? Answer: migration", "output": [ "Monarch butterflies gather in large groups as they migrate 2,500 miles south each fall. They return to the north in the spring. This migration is a cycle that repeats every year." ] }, { "id": "task593-88faa4a8c01d4706b3a112a1a14ea0dc", "input": "Question: What basic structure holds plants upright, bears leaves and other structures, and transports fluids between roots and leaves? Answer: stem", "output": [ "Stems hold plants upright, bear leaves and other structures, and transport fluids between roots and leaves." ] }, { "id": "task593-2fd1f8426dae4d7d89dcf61b87d60e27", "input": "Question: The force applied to an object is called? Answer: stress", "output": [ "Stress is the force applied to an object. Stresses can be confining, compression, tension, or shear." ] }, { "id": "task593-32a1b069cc544c24be673b1242426cf2", "input": "Question: Echinoderms are found in many different ocean environments, but most are found where? Answer: in reefs", "output": [ "Echinoderms are found in many different ocean environments, but most are found in reefs." ] }, { "id": "task593-dd9d5d9b81894a68ae489cbb4cf4de97", "input": "Question: What types of orbits do comets usually have? Answer: elliptical", "output": [ "Comets are small, icy objects that orbit the Sun in very elliptical orbits. When they are close to the Sun, they form comas and tails, which glow and make the comet more visible." ] }, { "id": "task593-29b687f303c34646be2c261ea6c559e3", "input": "Question: What is the most common cause of lung cancer? Answer: tobacco smoke exposure", "output": [ "The new cells gradually move up through the epidermis toward the surface of the body. As they move, they produce the tough, fibrous protein called keratin." ] }, { "id": "task593-09e01f6912a842e68e5d78698d688976", "input": "Question: How many valence electrons does nitrogen have? Answer: 5", "output": [ "Nitrogen is a diatomic element with five valence electrons. Create a model of a molecule of nitrogen." ] }, { "id": "task593-00508eff0d7145c88732220c0fe3170f", "input": "Question: When changes in the genes of a species result in a new species, the process is called what? Answer: biological evolution", "output": [ "Changes in the genes of a species may result in a new species. This is biological evolution." ] }, { "id": "task593-b0927a47be7443e6812e7631fc499619", "input": "Question: Like bacteria, archaea can have what to assist with movement? Answer: flagella", "output": [ "Like bacteria, archaea can have flagella to assist with movement." ] }, { "id": "task593-6c07d02d6440440cb8868b7d6d23566d", "input": "Question: What type of input is not required during passive transport? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Passive transport does not require energy input." ] }, { "id": "task593-a29fabb9bc0a4d918b36596d9bb90151", "input": "Question: When your body digests food, it breaks down the molecules of nutrients and releases what? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids contain energy. When your body digests food, it breaks down the molecules of these nutrients. This releases the energy so your body can use it." ] }, { "id": "task593-5989b8ef3aad4ec381c3b584dee5819f", "input": "Question: What is the process in which a solid changes directly to a gas without going through the liquid state called? Answer: sublimation", "output": [ "Sublimation is the process in which a solid changes directly to a gas without going through the liquid state. Solid carbon dioxide is an example of a substance that undergoes sublimation." ] }, { "id": "task593-42e73da910ba4f2ab8614c30d0125918", "input": "Question: Radiocarbon is useful for dating relatively young materials with what element as their base? Answer: carbon", "output": [ "Radiocarbon is useful for relatively young, carbon-based materials. Other longer-lived isotopes are good for older rocks and minerals." ] }, { "id": "task593-178bbce0bb584bd99a9e199409191aea", "input": "Question: What is another term for the voice box? Answer: larynx", "output": [ "The larynx , also called the \"voice box,\" is found just below the pharynx. Your voice comes from your larynx. Air from the lungs passes across thin tissues in the larynx and produces sound." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4262c79be8f487089ad021bd433ec5d", "input": "Question: A reference point is used in measurement to make what? Answer: estimation", "output": [ "Estimation, as used in measurement, is the process of referencing a physical quantity in terms of a calibration or reference point. All measurement devices have reference marks of some kind." ] }, { "id": "task593-3a80b6eb56f94172aa3d3687dd6ae780", "input": "Question: What do angiosperms produce? Answer: flowers and fruit", "output": [ "a phosphate group, which contains phosphorus and oxygen." ] }, { "id": "task593-2ece3b47787e48f2af8a54f2be6b328b", "input": "Question: Light has the properties of both a wave and what else? Answer: particle", "output": [ "Light has properties of both a wave and a particle." ] }, { "id": "task593-72cf13b4429e459aaf2f4f39dccdc994", "input": "Question: Ticks spread bacteria that causes what condition? Answer: lyme disease", "output": [ "Bacterial Disease Vectors. Ticks spread bacteria that cause Lyme disease. Deerflies spread bacteria that cause tularemia." ] }, { "id": "task593-defcfb47b1ca4d21bc2074a642370eeb", "input": "Question: Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of what? Answer: chromosomes", "output": [ "15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-eabc3333b04d439e9ce036f93f0feb8a", "input": "Question: Tropical rainforests are an example of a climate that occurs near what? Answer: equator", "output": [ "Tropical wet climates occur at or very near the Equator. They have high rainfall year round. Tropical rainforests ( FIgure below ) grow in this type of climate." ] }, { "id": "task593-5cd3e441667f46d99d45dd24133b94d2", "input": "Question: What is a continuous flow of electric charge called? Answer: electric current", "output": [ "Electric current is a continuous flow of electric charge. It is measured in amperes (A). Direct current (DC) flows in just one direction. Alternating current (AC) keeps reversing direction." ] }, { "id": "task593-56c8d2f2f1bb46efb48cfa1bd9e8d6eb", "input": "Question: What is the term for an ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water? Answer: acid", "output": [ "An acid is an ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Acids taste sour and turn blue litmus paper red." ] }, { "id": "task593-97cce45ab9a64723bed92d435867ea5d", "input": "Question: Materials that are good conductors of thermal energy are called? Answer: thermal conductors", "output": [ "Materials that are good conductors of thermal energy are called thermal conductors. Metals are very good thermal conductors." ] }, { "id": "task593-2518cf8f9c9e4810850dfdc0fe8c5975", "input": "Question: What are xylem and phloem responsible for transporting to the cells of leaves? Answer: water and minerals", "output": [ "Veins are made primarily of xylem and phloem. They transport water and minerals to the cells of leaves and carry away dissolved sugar." ] }, { "id": "task593-bbc845c68e61458d87b97ad90a2934fc", "input": "Question: What is formed when atoms of different elements bond together? Answer: covalent compound", "output": [ "The two atoms that are held together in a covalent bond may be atoms of the same element or different elements. When atoms of different elements bond together, it forms a covalent compound." ] }, { "id": "task593-d391f61d675647a79131879a90666eae", "input": "Question: Types of neurons include sensory neurons, motor neurons, and? Answer: interneurons", "output": [ "Types of neurons include sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d1304afe3a84cd0a86c4fe4fb18822f", "input": "Question: What harmful substance must not be drained into s storm sewer? Answer: motor oil", "output": [ "People may dispose of harmful substances incorrectly. For example, motor oil must not be drained into a storm sewer." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e9e23d7d50c430baea86660c7ce2812", "input": "Question: What is the term for land that has permanently frozen soil? Answer: permafrost", "output": [ "Permafrost is land with permanently frozen soil." ] }, { "id": "task593-c149cc86a9ec4735973ceac8dd7b115e", "input": "Question: Fish hatch into larvae that are different from the adult form of? Answer: species", "output": [ "Fish hatch into larvae that are different from the adult form of the species." ] }, { "id": "task593-dddb80ea51b945edaff59cfc1624190b", "input": "Question: A solute generally does what to the freezing point of a solvent? Answer: lowers it", "output": [ "A solute generally lowers the freezing point of a solvent, which is called freezing point depression. For example, spreading salt on an icy road melts the ice." ] }, { "id": "task593-97f0fd58e8784bc4a3e281a520af88c1", "input": "Question: What occurs if oxygen cannot be obtained at a sufficient rate? Answer: anaerobic respiration", "output": [ "Phil Roeder. Anaerobic respiration occurs if oxygen cannot be obtained at a sufficient rate . CC-BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-edcf61422f21407b9f42b86f90e6cc08", "input": "Question: Air is said to reach what point, a term used by meteorologists, when humidity increases or temperature decreases? Answer: its dew point", "output": [ "Air reaches its dew point when humidity increases or temperature decreases." ] }, { "id": "task593-eff7a5f04f2b4e9889c3fb5d3fffcc83", "input": "Question: What still causes fatal lung disease in nonsmokers? Answer: tobacco smoke", "output": [ "tobacco smoke causes fatal lung disease in nonsmokers." ] }, { "id": "task593-2ef2755ea67841119bf689829f0d13cf", "input": "Question: Which type of weathering causes changes int he rocks materials, chemical or mechanical? Answer: chemical", "output": [ "The original rock is the source of the inorganic portion of the soil. Mechanical weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces. Chemical reactions change the rock's minerals." ] }, { "id": "task593-e61d787d1199476095687184bc3fc01f", "input": "Question: How can you calculate the density of matter? Answer: by dividing its mass by its volume", "output": [ "The density of matter can be calculated by dividing its mass by its volume." ] }, { "id": "task593-e96c739adeec4b9d8995fe3fcc077ff5", "input": "Question: What is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits? Answer: symbiosis", "output": [ "Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits." ] }, { "id": "task593-a1b3a76b621a4818a8511a1d01ab19db", "input": "Question: What is the limiting factor for bacteria in a dish? Answer: space", "output": [ "The blades of simple leaves are not divided. This provides the maximum surface area for collecting sunlight." ] }, { "id": "task593-5bdb7a307c234f6d9522bd65de2941d4", "input": "Question: What travels 9.5 trillion kilometers a year? Answer: light", "output": [ "the distance light can travel in one year, 9.5 trillion kilometers." ] }, { "id": "task593-cd6e679e90e94a47afb0702e8d60c4d7", "input": "Question: What does blood pickup from the lungs to be carried throughout the rest of the body? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs and carries it to cells throughout the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-a31d22614f8242e98161dbf2fcac7af9", "input": "Question: Resonance has been used in what kind of human-made recreational objects since prehistoric times? Answer: musical instruments", "output": [ "Figure 17.33 Resonance has been used in musical instruments since prehistoric times. This marimba uses gourds as resonance chambers to amplify its sound. (credit: APC Events, Flickr)." ] }, { "id": "task593-ff1128aee8504c6fb20be045a87d9363", "input": "Question: In vertebrates, ovipary, ovovivipary, and vivipary are different strategies for what vital process? Answer: reproduction", "output": [ "Vertebrates have one of three reproductive strategies, known as ovipary, ovovivipary, or vivipary." ] }, { "id": "task593-6603e89e7d664234820ba9101850ae32", "input": "Question: What do you call the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching? Answer: conduction", "output": [ "Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching. Thermal energy is always transferred from particles of warmer matter to particles of cooler matter." ] }, { "id": "task593-35f5d5addc654ab093fba637c94bca53", "input": "Question: When gas pressure-forces are used to move an object the work is done on the object by? Answer: expanding gas", "output": [ "When gas pressure-forces are used to move an object then work is done on the object by the expanding gas. Work can be done on the gas in order to compress it." ] }, { "id": "task593-213881dec1314e9fb8654d7a822c5709", "input": "Question: What is just below the cerebrum and coordinates body movements? Answer: cerebellum", "output": [ "The cerebellum is just below the cerebrum. It coordinates body movements. Many nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons throughout the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-cd9178faf4664d0d8f5302444a0fcede", "input": "Question: The planets orbit around what celestial body? Answer: sun", "output": [ "The orbits of the planets lie in nearly the same plane. The Sun is at the center." ] }, { "id": "task593-16fa3da6d34541899669e8916272c28d", "input": "Question: Which of the animals digest cellulose with the aid of methanogens? Answer: cows", "output": [ "Stuart Chalmers. Cows digest cellulose with the aid of methanogens . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-bd418e77060646dd96629110bb374334", "input": "Question: The combustion of propane gas produces carbon dioxide and what else? Answer: water vapor", "output": [ "The combustion of propane gas produces carbon dioxide and water vapor." ] }, { "id": "task593-33972fea080c49d19107ad6792472001", "input": "Question: Plants can lose their leaves, flower, or break dormancy in response to a change in what? Answer: seasons", "output": [ "Plants can respond to the change of season by losing their leaves, flowering, or breaking dormancy." ] }, { "id": "task593-2c92bcd2957444408bbf82492ebd1025", "input": "Question: What organs are the main organs of the urinary system? Answer: kidneys", "output": [ "The kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system." ] }, { "id": "task593-a737faf725994e9fbf1a2e99f3a6b8b5", "input": "Question: What is the term for when clumped solids sink to the bottom of the water? Answer: sedimentation", "output": [ "The water is moved to tanks. The clumped solids sink to the bottom of the water. This is called sedimentation ." ] }, { "id": "task593-1085e87b6b8d4c61a2cc225fcec70e80", "input": "Question: Where is the pressure of gases in the atmosphere at its greatest? Answer: sea level", "output": [ "The pressure of gases in the atmosphere is greatest at sea level and decreases rapidly as altitude increases." ] }, { "id": "task593-030587646f9e4e76be661034b67901bd", "input": "Question: What types of living beings have water vascular systems and unique tube feet? Answer: echinoderms", "output": [ "Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. This allows slow but powerful movement." ] }, { "id": "task593-c60e0587a8df4fc884370a46b6711d8c", "input": "Question: What system consists of structures that produce eggs, secrete female sex hormones, and ultimately enable birth of a fetus? Answer: female reproductive system", "output": [ "The female reproductive system consists of structures that produce eggs and secrete female sex hormones. They also provide a site for fertilization and enable the development and birth of a fetus." ] }, { "id": "task593-22f9f482974b462480ec89de90e24172", "input": "Question: Hormones produced by what gland in the neck increase the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body? Answer: thyroid", "output": [ "The thyroid gland is a large gland in the neck. Thyroid hormones increase the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body. They control how quickly cells use energy and make proteins." ] }, { "id": "task593-0b25b208c78d4f96bf6f64c9bb7fe864", "input": "Question: Ionic compounds take on the form of extended three-dimensional arrays of cations and what else? Answer: anions", "output": [ "Ionic compounds take on the form of extended three-dimensional arrays of cations and anions." ] }, { "id": "task593-2c7b374f5aca477eb18fa050982e2149", "input": "Question: What organ system is different in men and women? Answer: reproductive organs", "output": [ "Men and women share most of the same organs. We all have skin, a heart, and lungs. Men and women differ only in their reproductive organs." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c237a1f8af6464497991170c82af94c", "input": "Question: What type of charge do electrons have? Answer: negative", "output": [ "Electrons have negative charge and protons have positive charge. The magnitude of the charge is the same for both, ." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c5c683aff6f45ceb7feb1e5a434786d", "input": "Question: Different elements differ in the size, mass, and other properties of what fundamental structures? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "Atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-9088ee18817d41a7a3481b7483d75c82", "input": "Question: A desert is a type of what community in an ecosystem? Answer: biome", "output": [ "This scene is from Anza-Borrago California Desert Park. However, deserts exist around the globe. You might find a similar picture of a desert in Africa. The desert is one type of biome." ] }, { "id": "task593-d19ddd99f4c2460fb4ec80dcd6c27bb8", "input": "Question: A changing magnetic field produces an electric current in what? Answer: a conductor", "output": [ "Law stating that a changing magnetic field produces an electric current in a conductor." ] }, { "id": "task593-92f0780da7564a3f805e810b9c40a233", "input": "Question: What are identified by the azimuthal quantum number? Answer: sub-energy levels", "output": [ "The sub-energy levels are identified by the azimuthal quantum number, ." ] }, { "id": "task593-24024c4506394fa5bda208a406fc3d45", "input": "Question: Burning gas to run our cars is an example of how human activity is contributing to what global event? Answer: climate change", "output": [ "Flickr:futureatlas. com (http://futureatlas. com/blog/). Human activities like burning gasoline in cars are contributing to a global change in our climate . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-d5143e0fe4824870b681b031100f1310", "input": "Question: What process within cells makes sure that every gamete receives a copy of every chromosome? Answer: meiosis", "output": [ "All of our cells contain DNA. Meiosis ensures that each gamete receives a copy of each chromosome." ] }, { "id": "task593-c27f67f1c9344166bc3bec0361a6b061", "input": "Question: Isobaric expansion is a process occurring without a change in what? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "isobaric expansion is a process occurring without a change in pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-8e80d0ec99db4eac9b0e47bc1cc4593d", "input": "Question: Parasites usually harm their hosts (or they wouldn't be parasites), but what do they usually stop short of doing? Answer: killing their host", "output": [ "Some parasites kill their host, but most do not. It’s easy to see why. If a parasite kills its host, the parasite may also die. Instead, parasites usually cause relatively minor damage to their host." ] }, { "id": "task593-0be48e0e3c304266800e4687f00c59fc", "input": "Question: What is venus covered in a thick layer of? Answer: clouds", "output": [ "Viewed through a telescope, Venus looks smooth and featureless. The planet is covered by a thick layer of clouds. You can see the clouds in pictures of Venus ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-66b075fb48c54a4aa8c7cd8ec9810753", "input": "Question: What occurs between long warm climate periods? Answer: ice ages", "output": [ "Earth’s climate has changed many times. Long warm periods were broken up by ice ages. Over the past 150 years, climate has warmed quickly." ] }, { "id": "task593-9887ef8198f94609990de54057bd4843", "input": "Question: Salt in seawater causes it to have greater what, which is also affected by temperature and pressure? Answer: density", "output": [ "Seawater has lots of salts in it. This increases its density (mass per volume) over fresh water. Temperature and pressure also affect density." ] }, { "id": "task593-dde2f624d9d14608bc66cef2e3f4351a", "input": "Question: A flow of one coulomb per second is called one ampere, which is a measure of what? Answer: electric current", "output": [ "The electric current is measured in coulombs per second. A flow of one coulomb per second is called one ampere, A, of current." ] }, { "id": "task593-b8df1006c217422192327d0d68e37bc7", "input": "Question: What makes up the dense outer layer of bones? Answer: compact bone", "output": [ "Compact bone makes up the dense outer layer of bones." ] }, { "id": "task593-c4751c02403d4e848c393f7fbcd60dd8", "input": "Question: What is caused by bodies sliding over rough surfaces? Answer: friction", "output": [ "Friction is caused by bodies sliding over rough surfaces." ] }, { "id": "task593-38c0c3896d904b9dbbcd86a49a6b89d8", "input": "Question: What are two ways cnidarians are able to reproduce? Answer: asexually and sexually", "output": [ "General Cnidarian Life Cycle. Cnidarians may reproduce both asexually and sexually." ] }, { "id": "task593-9f798f6c2a02477eac2b4e2b49caa7af", "input": "Question: Solids and liquids are phases of matter that have their own unique what? Answer: properties", "output": [ "Solids and liquids are phases that have their own unique properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-9068a4c1ad1740de844ffe1eee96ee46", "input": "Question: What are groups of young stars loosely held together by gravity called? Answer: open clusters", "output": [ "Open clusters are groups of young stars loosely held together by gravity." ] }, { "id": "task593-6e67923ce6234c6b8856afd7037f659b", "input": "Question: What are the key cells in the immune response? Answer: lymphocytes", "output": [ "Lymphocytes are the key cells in the immune response. They are leukocytes that become activated by a particular antigen. There are two major type of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-ff6b94a81d8349fbad78aa93faaa8768", "input": "Question: The number of neutrons and electrons may vary or change in an atom. what happens to the number of protons? Answer: remains the same", "output": [ "The number of protons per atom is always the same for a given element. However, the number of neutrons may vary, and the number of electrons can change." ] }, { "id": "task593-a6aed2c202aa46c6942a3db177dad3d4", "input": "Question: What provides the shape of a cell? Answer: cytoskeleton", "output": [ "The cytoskeleton provides the shape of the cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-dab0aa4c3fff4be6b72880d972612f36", "input": "Question: What artificial process involves making an exact copy of a gene? Answer: gene cloning", "output": [ "Gene cloning is making an exact copy of a gene." ] }, { "id": "task593-2d494148a637492fac8fb34a9bf37d12", "input": "Question: Which form of matter assumes the shape of its container? Answer: gas", "output": [ "Gases assume the shape of their container." ] }, { "id": "task593-6c7a0bb6a317479fb3a6ede2bf4a42b8", "input": "Question: What third property is different if two boxes have the same volume but one has greater mass? Answer: density", "output": [ "A: Both boxes have the same volume because they are the same size. However, the books have greater mass than the feathers. Therefore, the box of books has greater density." ] }, { "id": "task593-d1fdcf49cd834e5fa9e121c722d640a2", "input": "Question: What do populations gain through births and immigration? Answer: individuals", "output": [ "Populations gain individuals through births and immigration. They lose individuals through deaths and emigration. These factors together determine how fast a population grows." ] }, { "id": "task593-33c2248005c44fa287b7b5d4407ac31f", "input": "Question: What is an example of a disease that affects the blood? Answer: anemia", "output": [ "Many diseases affect the blood or its components. They include anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, and sickle-cell disease." ] }, { "id": "task593-4a4fb9958d0641578b04dea15fd8db6c", "input": "Question: Is an acid lower or higher than 7 on the ph scale? Answer: lower than 7", "output": [ "A: The weakest acid on the scale is milk, which has a pH value between 6.5 and 6.8. The strongest base on the scale is liquid drain cleaner, which has a pH of 14." ] }, { "id": "task593-b0bb90f01339431d9a03a59219133619", "input": "Question: What monthy cycle causes changes in the ovaries and uterus? Answer: the menstrual cycle", "output": [ "The menstrual cycle is a monthly cycle of changes in the ovaries and uterus." ] }, { "id": "task593-78b6c88cb0de47f9a7efd27178cc7cf6", "input": "Question: The cells of all eukarya have a what? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "Some Eukarya are also single-celled, but many are multicellular. Some have a cell wall; others do not. However, the cells of all Eukarya have a nucleus and other organelles." ] }, { "id": "task593-568da857ad13438faa3976e4211e195c", "input": "Question: What type of waste is eliminated from the body through the anus? Answer: solid", "output": [ "solid waste that remains after food is digested and is eliminated from the body through the anus." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d5471e318604d6dbe803377199ecdf0", "input": "Question: What happens to gas solubility as the temperature increases? Answer: decreases", "output": [ "Gas solubility decreases as the temperature increases." ] }, { "id": "task593-5edd293998be4b0a97d5186185c85835", "input": "Question: An experiment generates what to support a hypothesis? Answer: evidence", "output": [ "A field goal kicker lines up to kick a 44 yard (40 m) field goal. He kicks it with an initial velocity of 22 m/s at an angle of . The field goal posts are 3 meters high. Does he make the field goal?." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e96178a6112492d97b222cf2374700e", "input": "Question: Acids are the opposites of what? Answer: bases", "output": [ "Acids and bases have had many uses throughout history. In this chapter we want to explore the properties of acids and bases and the reactions in which they take part." ] }, { "id": "task593-863a98c16fa74abbb90d27679e9b67a5", "input": "Question: Which species in class insecta has three body segments, six jointed legs, and multiple head appendages? Answer: arthropod", "output": [ "arthropod in Class Insecta that has three body segments, six jointed legs, and multiple head appendages." ] }, { "id": "task593-75091fdec3544145ae96965d78014819", "input": "Question: What are the two main types of diabetes? Answer: type 1, type 2", "output": [ "There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. The two types of diabetes have different causes." ] }, { "id": "task593-11c933c19ead4323890b538d65842a2b", "input": "Question: Which continent is covered with an ice cap? Answer: antarctica", "output": [ "The continent of Antarctica is covered with an ice cap." ] }, { "id": "task593-41a80dc44dfe45848ad7dff69faa2454", "input": "Question: If a fixed amount of gas maintains a perfectly inversely proportional relationship between volume and pressure, then what else must be constant about the gas? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "For a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to its pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-04acb54d78054968a66a3c0dea8870ff", "input": "Question: What keeps the moon orbiting earth? Answer: gravity", "output": [ "Gravity keeps the Moon orbiting Earth. Gravity keeps the planets orbiting the Sun." ] }, { "id": "task593-cfa6298af1d64b78a1fd79aaefe56f38", "input": "Question: How do planets usually rotate to their orbital planes? Answer: nearly perpendicular", "output": [ "The axes of rotation of the planets are mostly nearly perpendicular to the orbital plane." ] }, { "id": "task593-4c1c8b7f15ae430da81160a13f6a6dcf", "input": "Question: What is the most prevalent gas in the atmosphere, but not the most vital for life? Answer: nitrogen", "output": [ "Most of the atmosphere is nitrogen, but it doesn't do much. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are the gases in the atmosphere that are needed for life." ] }, { "id": "task593-4e6fe12c624e45f3bfe22d0b03ebcb0d", "input": "Question: What is the energy of motion called? Answer: kinetic energy", "output": [ "According to the kinetic theory, particles of matter are in constant motion. The energy of motion is called kinetic energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-89100a87b94d4b8ab0ead6211655fb7e", "input": "Question: What is made from the minerals in rocks known as bauxite? Answer: aluminum", "output": [ "Aluminum is made from the minerals in rocks known as bauxite." ] }, { "id": "task593-81bab812fd9d4874a8ef298b4bf1e46a", "input": "Question: What function of the car is affected by the pedal that controls the amount of gas the engine gets? Answer: acceleration", "output": [ "The car pedal on the right controls the amount of gas the engine gets. How does this affect the car’s acceleration?." ] }, { "id": "task593-a1e207f636734599bdb0de29ad4f6097", "input": "Question: Gas lines should be made of what so they do not rupture? Answer: flexible material", "output": [ "Check to see that gas lines are made of flexible material so they do not rupture. Any equipment that uses gas should be well secured." ] }, { "id": "task593-0057efa0ac6341feb1f22fe602df5ea5", "input": "Question: How much work is done when a force is applied in a different direction than the direction of movement? Answer: none", "output": [ "Laura Guerin. Work is not done when a force is applied in a different direction than the direction of movement . CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-0e5504c48f9c49199e4d4cdf263a6fd8", "input": "Question: What is the metal part of the compound named as? Answer: the element", "output": [ "The metal part of the compound is named as the element." ] }, { "id": "task593-75795b91b62340c988b20e5978e1824d", "input": "Question: What is usually the prey of a protist? Answer: bacteria", "output": [ "The protist wraps around its prey, which is usually bacteria." ] }, { "id": "task593-7931c44640a84c9d9766b48fb30857be", "input": "Question: What lens shape corrects myopia? Answer: concave", "output": [ "Myopia is corrected with a concave lens, while hyperopia is corrected with a convex lens." ] }, { "id": "task593-e9eb7667f9c848cdadd928b6f1292239", "input": "Question: What type of winds blow over a limited area? Answer: local winds", "output": [ "Local winds are winds that blow over a limited area. They are influenced by local geography, such as nearness to an ocean. They include land and sea breezes as well as monsoons." ] }, { "id": "task593-e1e9c8c24c4a4397a43f0c8d498e5864", "input": "Question: What two factors influence the pressure of fluids? Answer: depth and density", "output": [ "Two factors influence the pressure of fluids. They are the depth of the fluid and its density." ] }, { "id": "task593-f1f5a8d9b0574e19b1f59aee652317fe", "input": "Question: Which element has atomic number 87? Answer: francium", "output": [ "Francium has an atomic number of 87. Write the chemical equation for the alpha particle emission of 212Fr. What is the daughter isotope?." ] }, { "id": "task593-952c3110fd4e4e1a9eeb406cdaa8d43e", "input": "Question: While similar to insects, what eight-legged invertebrates lack antennae or wings? Answer: arachnids", "output": [ "Arachnids do not have antennae or wings." ] }, { "id": "task593-c9afa7d909384ec6b393c6facbde23cd", "input": "Question: The zeros at the end of a number are known as what? Answer: trailing zeros", "output": [ "Trailing zeros, which are zeros at the end of a number, are significant only if the number has a decimal point. Thus, in 1,500, the two trailing zeros are not." ] }, { "id": "task593-99e66a02f62a48e89ce90385f8911098", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe how fast a chemical reaction occurs? Answer: reaction rate", "output": [ "How fast a chemical reaction occurs is called the reaction rate . Several factors affect the rate of a given chemical reaction. They include the:." ] }, { "id": "task593-6c9affa58bac440ba3ad8be88b295516", "input": "Question: Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, krill, and woodlice are all? Answer: crustaceans", "output": [ "Crustaceans include crabs, lobsters, shrimp, krill, and woodlice." ] }, { "id": "task593-3b68f8de0721464e9260211909895967", "input": "Question: What field of science seeks to explain how traits are passed on from one generation to the next? Answer: genetics", "output": [ "Genetics is the study of inheritance. The field of genetics seeks to explain how traits are passed on from one generation to the next." ] }, { "id": "task593-f945bdc176014eb19ea2ab97d09127ff", "input": "Question: How does the core of the sun radiate energy? Answer: nuclear fusion", "output": [ "The extremely hot core of the sun radiates energy from nuclear fusion." ] }, { "id": "task593-287dab78f09f475a9ad50393a2d6358b", "input": "Question: The farther an area is from the equator, what happens to the temperature? Answer: it gets lower", "output": [ "At higher latitudes, the Sun’s rays are less direct. The farther an area is from the Equator, the lower its temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-a9c9c58290c1450db65e22ea1c96db92", "input": "Question: Every chemical reaction occurs with a concurrent change in what? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Every chemical reaction occurs with a concurrent change in energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-54db2427d4404b82b29a716f69254110", "input": "Question: What is the name of the wind belt nearest the equator? Answer: trade winds", "output": [ "The wind belts have names. The Trade Winds are nearest the Equator. The next belt is the westerlies. Finally are the polar easterlies. The names are the same in both hemispheres." ] }, { "id": "task593-2bcd8b7a091c46889718fc1f755d15a7", "input": "Question: The motion of stars in galaxies imply that there is about 10 times as much what as in the luminous objects we can see? Answer: mass", "output": [ "Figure 6.18 The diagram shows angular momentum for a circular motion." ] }, { "id": "task593-411d5de324444611922a6684733aef4d", "input": "Question: What is the part of the shadow that is partially lit called? Answer: penumbra", "output": [ "The penumbra is the part of the shadow that is partially lit." ] }, { "id": "task593-f5b1c29bd14348d181f7643da54ffe41", "input": "Question: What do you call the folded layers of rock where geologists look for oil? Answer: anticlines", "output": [ "Geologists look for oil in folded layers of rock called anticlines. Oil moves through permeable rock and is trapped by the impermeable cap rock." ] }, { "id": "task593-c86b7647abe94847ab0a1e6798bc51ef", "input": "Question: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can increase the risk of what? Answer: cardiovascular disease", "output": [ "Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease." ] }, { "id": "task593-1c249b7ae9c840d3993a3b789bd4b77a", "input": "Question: What builds up in an artery and reduces blood flow? Answer: plaque", "output": [ "Plaque buildup in an artery reduces blood flow through the vessel." ] }, { "id": "task593-8583d3467a0145f888e42f12b1f63a6a", "input": "Question: How many orders can flying birds be divided into? Answer: 29", "output": [ "Flying birds are divided into 29 orders. The most common orders include landfowl, waterfowl, shorebirds, diurnal and nocturnal raptors, parrots, and perching birds." ] }, { "id": "task593-2549be5721c14ea9894d1dfaded4c0e4", "input": "Question: What is the advantage of selecting for certain genetic traits for crops? Answer: promotes productivity", "output": [ "Improving crops by selecting for certain genetic traits. The desired traits promote productivity. Recently, genetically engineered crops have been introduced." ] }, { "id": "task593-9f997ec519754da0845ace8584030bfc", "input": "Question: The type of eruption a volcano has depends on the type of what in its chamber? Answer: magma", "output": [ "The type of eruption a volcano has depends on the type of magma in its chamber. Some eruptions are explosive. Some eruptions are quiet. All eruptions are amazing!." ] }, { "id": "task593-363b7722a53c4ea1a2dafc0332148ca5", "input": "Question: Some consumers such as the mushroom get their energy from what? Answer: dead organic matter", "output": [ "Some consumers such as the mushroom in Figure above get their energy from dead organic matter. For example, they might consume dead leaves on a forest floor." ] }, { "id": "task593-bf1bce6196fa41479adc4d6f55eefe8a", "input": "Question: When do glaciers deposit their sediment? Answer: when they melt", "output": [ "Glaciers deposit their sediment when they melt. Landforms deposited by glaciers include drumlins, kettle lakes, and eskers." ] }, { "id": "task593-3959f3aa23004ca9a64c8202dc06c1c3", "input": "Question: What does phagocytosis defend the body from? Answer: pathogens", "output": [ "4. State how phagocytosis helps defend the body from pathogens." ] }, { "id": "task593-d8193129901046b89520aba11051f4b1", "input": "Question: The ideal gas law does not require that the properties of what? Answer: gas change", "output": [ "The ideal gas law does not require that the properties of a gas change." ] }, { "id": "task593-7a7d7fbc43ea404da10f09822db29e07", "input": "Question: What is the name of the simplest carbon molecule? Answer: methane", "output": [ "Figure 2.13 Carbon can form four covalent bonds to create an organic molecule. The simplest carbon molecule is methane (CH4), depicted here." ] }, { "id": "task593-c80e803034d346b191e43534b1e5fd4f", "input": "Question: What gas is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned? Answer: co2", "output": [ "Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are increasing. Fossil fuel burning is increasing. The rise in fossil fuel burning is increasing the CO 2 in the atmosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-90fdffb5841c4439915dccc9e958ef4f", "input": "Question: Equal and oppositely directed forces produce what kind of acceleration? Answer: no acceleration", "output": [ "An object will not change its state of motion (i. e. , accelerate) unless a net force acts on it. Equal and oppositely directed forces do not produce acceleration." ] }, { "id": "task593-b9a3eeb4130b48ecba8adca37a5c74e3", "input": "Question: Some bacteria can contaminate food and cause what illness? Answer: food poisoning", "output": [ "Some bacteria can contaminate food and cause food poisoning." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d0e50c8ca144689b945cb30d465989c", "input": "Question: What are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond between carbon atoms? Answer: alkynes", "output": [ "Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond between carbon atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-b88b27caf9b44182996a4ddb37e14191", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe modern seed plants that produce seeds in cones? Answer: gymnosperms", "output": [ "Some modern seed plants are gymnosperms that produce seeds in cones." ] }, { "id": "task593-0f6cbc3cb15d4d1dbce4d9e387d70fd2", "input": "Question: What is it called when a new species arises without geographic separation? Answer: sympatric speciation", "output": [ "Less often, a new species arises without geographic separation. This is called sympatric speciation . The following example shows one way this can occur." ] }, { "id": "task593-a685a54240bd4a56b03b658e99741b61", "input": "Question: What structure does methane have? Answer: three dimensional tetrahedra", "output": [ "Methane has a three-dimensional, tetrahedral structure." ] }, { "id": "task593-9346e0a8606d460181bcd35b36841aaf", "input": "Question: Atoms of the same element that have different masses are called what? Answer: isotopes", "output": [ "Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different masses." ] }, { "id": "task593-6ea8be43116540b3932b7f3e90ff6e22", "input": "Question: Living things get energy from food in a process called respiration, which releases what gas back into the atmosphere? Answer: carbon dioxide", "output": [ "Carbon doesn’t stop there. Living things get energy from food in a process called respiration. This releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. The cycle then repeats." ] }, { "id": "task593-ce32e9f6378640d9a964376441a2e1ca", "input": "Question: Soil erosion is a natural process, but what can increase it unnaturally? Answer: human activities", "output": [ "Soil erosion is a natural process, but human activities can increase it." ] }, { "id": "task593-aabc05f91a8546aeb98fee9f6562df2f", "input": "Question: Tropical rainforest, temperate grassland, and tundra are examples of what type of biomes? Answer: terrestrial", "output": [ "Terrestrial biomes include tropical rainforest, temperate grassland, and tundra." ] }, { "id": "task593-2529b47fa1c14f928a1568c1e2864ae8", "input": "Question: While most mammals give birth to live young, monotremes can do what? Answer: lay eggs", "output": [ "Monotremes can lay eggs, but most mammals give birth to live young." ] }, { "id": "task593-66d0bd1d717c46c6b719d87da77848d7", "input": "Question: In the presence of oxygen, hydrogen can interact to make what? Answer: water", "output": [ "A pile of leaves slowly rots in the backyard. In the presence of oxygen, hydrogen can interact to make water. Gold can be stretched into very thin wires." ] }, { "id": "task593-74e0790494094801967ccbb5413fe2e4", "input": "Question: Bases are ionic compounds consisting of hydroxide ions and a what? Answer: cation", "output": [ "Bases are ionic compounds consisting of hydroxide ions and a cation. Naming and formula writing for bases follows the same guidelines as for other ionic compounds." ] }, { "id": "task593-c38ab2ecec1a4ecaa393ae00d4a7ceff", "input": "Question: What is described by the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution? Answer: ph", "output": [ "Acidity is measured by pH, which is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution." ] }, { "id": "task593-b78e1ba1291248e187f849f86ceb7c05", "input": "Question: What is used to carry out metric unit conversions? Answer: dimensional analysis", "output": [ "Dimensional analysis can be used to carry out metric unit conversions." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d65d4bb33c940edb9212ba2e9cf600c", "input": "Question: In angiosperms, flowers and fruits are adaptations essential for what process? Answer: reproduction", "output": [ "30.3 The reproductive adaptations of angiosperms include flowers and fruits." ] }, { "id": "task593-301a7eda3d6f47288cacf161ac2d4a57", "input": "Question: In which kind of water can less carbon dioxide dissolve? Answer: warm water", "output": [ "If a solute is a gas, increasing the temperature decreases its solubility. For example, less carbon dioxide can dissolve in warm water than in cold water." ] }, { "id": "task593-b80c0b826489413585f5b3756ba3e64d", "input": "Question: What do communication satellites carry and use to provide energy during their missions? Answer: solar panels", "output": [ "Communications satellites carry solar panels to provide energy for their missions." ] }, { "id": "task593-848f44c777fb46d2888d39c2adef87ce", "input": "Question: What theory proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases? Answer: germ theory", "output": [ "The germ theory proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases." ] }, { "id": "task593-e404310d5b804ec1b636274a91b421a5", "input": "Question: What type of environment is maintained in homeostasis? Answer: constant internal", "output": [ "Homeostasis is maintaining a constant internal environment." ] }, { "id": "task593-9a82e90f31df4a049854ff1c4e85d511", "input": "Question: Solutions of ionic compounds and melted ionic compounds conduct what? Answer: electricity", "output": [ "Solutions of ionic compounds and melted ionic compounds conduct electricity, but solid materials do not." ] }, { "id": "task593-3d6754a855bc4910b3b2aca5d515aa00", "input": "Question: The movement of bone away from the midline of the body is called what? Answer: extension", "output": [ "The movement of bone away from the midline of the body is called ________. circumduction b. extension c. adduction d. abduction." ] }, { "id": "task593-3c257089c57c418498f9868023365fb3", "input": "Question: What is the term for the intentional release or spread of agents of disease? Answer: bioterrorism", "output": [ "Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease." ] }, { "id": "task593-5233840a169b4332856b97f04fd01c42", "input": "Question: Cellular respiration uses oxygen to harvest what from organic molecules? Answer: energy", "output": [ "the evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen to help harvest energy from organic molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-903925d3836a46e599316ffc8a08aa30", "input": "Question: What is the term for the energy of movement? Answer: mechanical energy", "output": [ "1. Mechanical energy is the energy of movement. It is found in objects that are moving or have the potential to move." ] }, { "id": "task593-dc0965be1ea54dd1acf7fd8ad8f91caa", "input": "Question: What is the term for the green pigment in leaves that captures energy from the sun? Answer: chlorophyll", "output": [ "Chlorophyll is the green pigment in leaves that captures energy from the sun. Chlorophyll molecules are located in the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts." ] }, { "id": "task593-78e1ba1b56f54e01b8b2113f57d821ed", "input": "Question: The average number of individuals per unit of area or volume is referred to as a population's what? Answer: density", "output": [ "Population density is the average number of individuals per unit of area or volume." ] }, { "id": "task593-3b479c304128495eb5df85ebe8bd47f0", "input": "Question: What system of the body is generally responsible for breathing? Answer: respiratory system", "output": [ "The respiratory system is responsible for breathing." ] }, { "id": "task593-d55ac8c8a21a489b9e5aaeb931858901", "input": "Question: What is used to measure, in degrees, the distance north or south of the equater? Answer: latitude", "output": [ "Latitude is the distance north or south of the Equator. It’s measured in degrees, from 0° to 90°. Several climate factors vary with latitude." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa22dca3ff16419ea63cd3719ac92d84", "input": "Question: What is used to classify tornadoes? Answer: wind speed, damage", "output": [ "The winds of a tornado can reach very high speeds. The faster the winds blow, the greater the damage they cause. Wind speed and damage are used to classify tornadoes. Table below shows how." ] }, { "id": "task593-88887261c8dc4bb18cf1864309747c80", "input": "Question: Long distance runners try to maintain constant velocity with very little acceleration or deceleration to conserve what? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Long distance runners try to maintain constant velocity with very little acceleration or deceleration to conserve energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-8ef3d83f2f484c18a913acc08f6a418e", "input": "Question: Van der waals forces are weak interactions between molecules that involve what? Answer: dipoles", "output": [ "Van der Waals forces are weak interactions between molecules that involve dipoles." ] }, { "id": "task593-2256667581b34072a64e7f1b465d2c9e", "input": "Question: The most common carbon atoms have six protons and six neutrons in their what? Answer: nuclei", "output": [ "E XA MP L E 1 1. The most common carbon atoms have six protons and six neutrons in their nuclei. What are the atomic number and the mass number of these carbon atoms?." ] }, { "id": "task593-bd1d68f24bdf4df380f698546ded429e", "input": "Question: Human evolution shows that evolutionary changes typically occur at what pace? Answer: slow", "output": [ "Usually evolutionary changes occur at a very slow pace. Human evolution took millions of years. However, sometimes evolution can also happen quite quickly." ] }, { "id": "task593-7a2efd0cf45c44c58e14b5879095a3e7", "input": "Question: What moves nitrogen back and forth between the atmosphere and organisms? Answer: the nitrogen cycle", "output": [ "The nitrogen cycle moves nitrogen back and forth between the atmosphere and organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-db91ad2fdfa746f1b3f5ab98c290f5a6", "input": "Question: Ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins, absciscic acid, and auxins are examples of what? Answer: plant hormones", "output": [ "Plant hormones include ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins, absciscic acid, and auxins." ] }, { "id": "task593-49827f6284b740d9b1f7f5090e61e549", "input": "Question: What effect causes winds and currents to form circular patterns? Answer: coriolis effect", "output": [ "The Coriolis effect causes winds and currents to form circular patterns. The direction that they spin depends on the hemisphere that they are in." ] }, { "id": "task593-eea72fc0dae6492d9789b3be68cb77e5", "input": "Question: Radiation, chemicals, and infectious agents are types of what? Answer: mutagens", "output": [ "Types of mutagens include radiation, chemicals, and infectious agents." ] }, { "id": "task593-c3f4feb7deea4747a7965d5724423d82", "input": "Question: What can all living things sense and respond to in their environment? Answer: stimuli", "output": [ "All living things can sense and respond to stimuli in their environment. Stimuli might include temperature, light, or gravity." ] }, { "id": "task593-99429150d8e14759ba63c21325d235b6", "input": "Question: The joint that lies between the radius and the ulna is what kind of joint? Answer: pivot joint", "output": [ "Pivot Joint. The joint at which the radius and ulna meet is a pivot joint. Movement at this joint allows you to flip your palm over without moving your elbow joint." ] }, { "id": "task593-e06f8b17872248dc8e07b8006ffad005", "input": "Question: Which state of matter is characterized by molecules with minimal movement and strong forces between them? Answer: solid", "output": [ "Three main types of particles that make up all atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-dbf817ccd9964217b4a89516d074b673", "input": "Question: Where do oceans absorb gases from? Answer: atmosphere", "output": [ "Oceans are an important part of the water cycle. They absorb gases from the atmosphere. They evaporate and supply water vapor to the atmosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-3a2094792062404ab30f0227c8456b55", "input": "Question: The volume of a gas is comprised of about 10% matter. what is the rest? Answer: empty space", "output": [ "The volume of a gas contains only about 10% matter, with the rest being empty space. ΔHsub is equal to ΔHvap." ] }, { "id": "task593-1f067cd53fc145b0befb26b3a52c6408", "input": "Question: During the day, what type of energy is transferred from the air over the land to the air over the water? Answer: thermal", "output": [ "A: During the day, thermal energy is transferred from the air over the land to the air over the water. During the night, thermal energy is transferred in the opposite direction." ] }, { "id": "task593-03a518a11c52446292a000d829e05cea", "input": "Question: The zygote undergoes many cell divisions before it implants in the lining of what? Answer: uterus", "output": [ "The zygote undergoes many cell divisions before it implants in the lining of the uterus." ] }, { "id": "task593-44f8d52b889f41c1ae3e9e115c3b636d", "input": "Question: What is the attachment of ducklings to their mother an example of? Answer: imprinting", "output": [ "Figure 45.39 The attachment of ducklings to their mother is an example of imprinting. (credit: modification of work by Mark Harkin)." ] }, { "id": "task593-380c03dcc36d4c14968674ba1c33d6fd", "input": "Question: A system of glands secretes what chemical messenger molecules into the blood? Answer: hormones", "output": [ "system of glands that secrete chemical messenger molecules called hormones into the blood." ] }, { "id": "task593-0230a744113c4cf5810669c424b8389a", "input": "Question: Heterotrophs is another name for what group? Answer: consumers", "output": [ "Consumers are also called heterotrophs. There are several different types of heterotrophs depending on exactly what they consume. They may be herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores." ] }, { "id": "task593-b9b9be2f0b8d455f80a77c2d8bf6738d", "input": "Question: As a polycrystalline material solidifies, grains with irregular shapes form. the interfaces between grains constitute grain what? Answer: boundaries", "output": [ "Grain boundaries. As a polycrystalline material solidifies, grains with irregular shapes form. The interfaces between grains constitute grain boundaries. (Squares represent unit cells within grains." ] }, { "id": "task593-a824d6e057f2450fbe0494b4b09019c2", "input": "Question: Making a specific statement based on a general principle is the definition of what type of reasoning? Answer: deductive", "output": [ "Deductive reasoning means making a specific statement based on a general principle." ] }, { "id": "task593-0cf83bbbabb34344b33d26570cc4a073", "input": "Question: Organs are made up of two or more types of what? Answer: tissues", "output": [ "Bones come in many different shapes and sizes, but they are all made of the same materials. Bones are organs, and recall that organs are made up of two or more types of tissues." ] }, { "id": "task593-394c4a2b9bf8429393c0b9e1f8843075", "input": "Question: What is the main function of the cardiovascular system? Answer: to transport", "output": [ "Many ecosystems have changed because of human actions. The human species is responsible for a range of environmental problems." ] }, { "id": "task593-ef9639d68e224d4899222a0e5c5838c4", "input": "Question: What term describes weathering that occurs as water expands when it freezes, wedging apart rock? Answer: mechanical weathering", "output": [ "form of mechanical weathering that occurs as water expands when it freezes, wedging apart rock." ] }, { "id": "task593-fe31c30f80494b729cb6b6b19d49b489", "input": "Question: The waste of cows releases a lot of which type of gas? Answer: methane", "output": [ "Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon compounds such as methane. VOCs are released in many human activities, such as raising livestock. Livestock wastes produce a lot of methane." ] }, { "id": "task593-947ed38c85de4296b48ec2ff5092ee52", "input": "Question: The vector of what organism is significant on a map showing the location of malaria? Answer: mosquito", "output": [ "Worldwide Distribution of Malaria. This map shows where malaria is found. The area is determined by the mosquito vector. The mosquito can live year-round only in the red-shaded areas." ] }, { "id": "task593-8e5393b06b604fe4ba60a238009249cf", "input": "Question: Hydropower is generated with what natural resource? Answer: water", "output": [ "Hydropower utilizes the energy of falling water." ] }, { "id": "task593-e47fc7d01932451fa407b6e89007ff87", "input": "Question: What is the type of cancer in which bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that cannot fight infections? Answer: leukemia", "output": [ "type of cancer in which bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that cannot fight infections." ] }, { "id": "task593-d059eb512ba148af84156d4c91ef26bc", "input": "Question: What is the tectonic zone called where two plates come together? Answer: convergent boundary", "output": [ "Describe and explain volcanic activity that occurs within oceanic and continental plates." ] }, { "id": "task593-167dc5c1f6fe482a8dc024fd24b1d3a5", "input": "Question: Terrestrial biomes are determined mainly by what? Answer: climate", "output": [ "Terrestrial biomes are determined mainly by climate." ] }, { "id": "task593-52cbc2f324d94eb18cc8e4dd6358b88d", "input": "Question: Under a microscope, salt crystals are what shape? Answer: cubes", "output": [ "Under a microscope, salt crystals are cubes." ] }, { "id": "task593-6ea31df96927484a8473d236fad3302f", "input": "Question: Atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged during what? Answer: chemical reactions", "output": [ "In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged." ] }, { "id": "task593-e5ff8866fa1048c290c4438f3018dac8", "input": "Question: What type of map would show average temperatures and rainfall? Answer: climate map", "output": [ "Climate maps show average temperatures and rainfall." ] }, { "id": "task593-39e8c66137664d12aa16dbfb1f9be0e8", "input": "Question: Alterations that change chromosome structure are known as? Answer: mutations", "output": [ "Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure." ] }, { "id": "task593-b63bec44f3b94c14a775ec05a2bd1d4d", "input": "Question: Genetic variation helps ensure that some organisms will survive if what happens? Answer: their environment changes", "output": [ "No physical object can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. (Maximum speed is finite)." ] }, { "id": "task593-0bef5d5c50b348bc9fc31ea72a3d4617", "input": "Question: What do eukaryotic cells have that compartmentalize their functions? Answer: internal membranes", "output": [ "6.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions." ] }, { "id": "task593-8206580bddd94280bc4e76ea5c666319", "input": "Question: What advantage equals the distance of effort divided by the distance the object moves and is also equal to the output force divided by the input force? Answer: mechanical", "output": [ "Mechanical advantage equals the distance of effort divided by the distance the object moves. It is also equal to the output force divided by the input force." ] }, { "id": "task593-c199ceb091ef4e9ba7273924378dcaff", "input": "Question: Fossil fuels and coal are examples of what kind of resources? Answer: nonrenewable", "output": [ "Nonrenewable resources exist in fixed amounts. They can be used up. Examples include fossil fuels such as coal." ] }, { "id": "task593-d1472fa3926b4b64a8a010bf80414747", "input": "Question: What is required when electrons are removed from an atom, and released from the process when an electron is added? Answer: energy", "output": [ "When electrons are removed from an atom, that process requires energy to pull the electron away from the nucleus. Addition of an electron releases energy from the process." ] }, { "id": "task593-78b01439cb2947b7bc238d128b7fc5a0", "input": "Question: Two important types of energy that can be converted to one another include potential and what? Answer: kinetic", "output": [ "Give examples of energy conversions between potential and kinetic energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4e2e93c80854561a30bbce15a661c64", "input": "Question: What are the two layers of the skin? Answer: epidermis and dermis", "output": [ "Skin is made up of two layers, the epidermis and the dermis." ] }, { "id": "task593-7f908e2c7e624f97977a5da77de541c2", "input": "Question: Tropical rainforest, chaparral, and taiga are what kind of biomes? Answer: terrestrial", "output": [ "Terrestrial biomes include the tropical rainforest, chaparral, and taiga." ] }, { "id": "task593-16a591b3ec904c0bb347e2bc3e960200", "input": "Question: What is the name for electrons closer to the nucleus that do not participate in bonding? Answer: core electrons", "output": [ "Core electrons are the electrons that are closer to the nucleus and therefore do not participate in bonding." ] }, { "id": "task593-644423e92d8c4a56b7e75c9692902c57", "input": "Question: What is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties? Answer: element", "output": [ "An element is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-ca31d0d573c84235b02888fcef9277d2", "input": "Question: What do corals secrete that builds up to become a coral reef? Answer: exoskeletons", "output": [ "Many corals secrete an exoskeleton that builds up to become a coral reef." ] }, { "id": "task593-7824b41fdb7e467f8fb2ebff77cbd618", "input": "Question: What group includes the simplest eukaryotes, including most single-celled eukaryotes? Answer: protists", "output": [ "Most single-celled eukaryotes are protists. Protists are the simplest eukaryotes." ] }, { "id": "task593-656f8800b8664eea9590abe8cacbd325", "input": "Question: What are two major categories of mutations? Answer: germline and somatic", "output": [ "There are a variety of types of mutations. Two major categories of mutations are germline mutations and somatic mutations." ] }, { "id": "task593-fa74862632444a75a7422c4ee15d5a37", "input": "Question: Body waves travel through the earth and arrive at seismograms before what? Answer: surface waves", "output": [ "Body waves travel through the Earth and arrive at seismograms before surface waves." ] }, { "id": "task593-6cca133e3cb64d0a9b28d24057a39efa", "input": "Question: Define motion. Answer: change of position", "output": [ "Motion is defined as a change of position." ] }, { "id": "task593-9815decc86e5427b8609ef039701daf2", "input": "Question: What is the outer layer of the sun made up of? Answer: plasma", "output": [ "outermost layer of the sun, made up of a plasma that extends millions of kilometers into space." ] }, { "id": "task593-bf0eb5c447fe4fbcb6685d4629ad34ee", "input": "Question: What population on earth is already harming the environment due to less resources to go around? Answer: humans", "output": [ "Bundles of vascular tissue run through the ground tissue of a stem and transport fluids. Plants may vary in how these bundles are arranged." ] }, { "id": "task593-15be4e86bb134f49a1929259471fd85b", "input": "Question: What properties describe the existence of matter, as opposed to chemical properties that describe how substances change into other substances? Answer: physical", "output": [ "Physical properties describe the existence of matter, and chemical properties describe how substances change into other substances." ] }, { "id": "task593-88f82b79440e47aaa0be135c522b04ce", "input": "Question: A light bulb converts electrical energy to light and what? Answer: thermal energy", "output": [ "Most circuits have devices such as light bulbs that convert electrical energy to other forms of energy. In the case of a light bulb, electrical energy is converted to light and thermal energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-90270e1115c743deac5b91acb5342dda", "input": "Question: Which direction does the sun, moon, and stars appear to travel? Answer: east to west", "output": [ "Sun, Moon, and stars appear to travel from east to west each day." ] }, { "id": "task593-4a1e23f6cf5b45c0950441748f57fb3b", "input": "Question: Algae is a promising alternative to traditional crops for what type of fuels? Answer: biofuel", "output": [ "Algae is the focus of much research. Algae is a very promising alternative to traditional crops for biofuels." ] }, { "id": "task593-d487a2265738407a9be06701b464ddee", "input": "Question: How much can the bacteria in your gut weigh? Answer: 2 pounds", "output": [ "Lastly, keep in mind the small size of bacteria. Together, all the bacteria in your gut may weight just about 2 pounds." ] }, { "id": "task593-a99c9660ae034a5e8d3017eab08421d4", "input": "Question: The ability to maintain a stable internal temperature, despite the climate, is exhibited by members of what animal group? Answer: mammals", "output": [ "Not really. Like all mammals, polar bears maintain a stable internal temperature. They do not need to stay warm by lying in the sun. This allows them to live in cold climates." ] }, { "id": "task593-86f7c55cd2c74683877974272bd61ca9", "input": "Question: Composite cones are steep-sided, cone-shaped types of what, which produce explosive eruptions? Answer: volcanoes", "output": [ "Composite cones are steep sided, cone shaped volcanoes that produce explosive eruptions." ] }, { "id": "task593-ce0d7fe294cc468b9b31c93403dc6604", "input": "Question: What system disorders include kidney stones, kidney failure, and urinary tract infections? Answer: urinary system", "output": [ "Disorders of the urinary system include kidney stones, kidney failure, and urinary tract infections." ] }, { "id": "task593-68042a5859b146e29f676737baeb57fa", "input": "Question: What can demonstrate the decrease in energy, biomass or numbers within an ecosystem? Answer: ecological pyramids", "output": [ "Ecological pyramids can demonstrate the decrease in energy, biomass or numbers within an ecosystem. Energy pyramids are discussed at http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=8T2nEMzk6_E (1:44)." ] }, { "id": "task593-a7402267695e4b31bfb3125108223534", "input": "Question: What does antifreeze do to the freezing temperature of the water in car radiators? Answer: lowers it", "output": [ "Flickr:EvelynGiggles. Antifreeze lowers the freezing temperature of the water in car radiators . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-80f98ea0a13b4afc8e21ab88db590d4c", "input": "Question: What is the name of the group that rats are apart of called? Answer: rodents", "output": [ "Rats are mammals, but this class can be divided into more specific groups. Rats are in a group known as rodents. Rodents are gnawing animals that include beavers, mice, and squirrels." ] }, { "id": "task593-23815d53f47c41ab8ea7cad4d224a1f2", "input": "Question: Food is chemical energy stored in what? Answer: organic molecules", "output": [ "Food is chemical energy stored in organic molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c67b7805ab84324ad2ee1d2a71b2143", "input": "Question: How are protozoa that cause giardiasis spread? Answer: food and water", "output": [ "Protozoa that cause giardiasis are spread by contaminated food or water. They live inside the intestine. They may cause abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea." ] }, { "id": "task593-64bd92f9c9c8480c9c02421d12a0ea39", "input": "Question: Carefully controlling the speed of a fission reaction produces what kind of energy? Answer: nuclear", "output": [ "Nuclear energy is produced by carefully controlling the speed of a fission reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-38cc7712e9e742678f070fc2b72dafd6", "input": "Question: What is the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together called? Answer: atomic radius", "output": [ "Atomic radius is determined as the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together." ] }, { "id": "task593-0556e2971a184fb2940526c89ae1d278", "input": "Question: How many lobes is each hemisphere of the cerebrum divided into? Answer: 4", "output": [ "Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is divided into four parts, called lobes. The four lobes are the:." ] }, { "id": "task593-005d6f44b4d442908b3344cfea3974d9", "input": "Question: By what process does oxygen enter the pores of flatworms? Answer: diffusion", "output": [ "Flatworms do not have a respiratory system. Instead, they have pores that allow oxygen to enter through their body. Oxygen enters the pores by diffusion." ] }, { "id": "task593-a04dc16d287f48b49300b20a817ba272", "input": "Question: Growth and development in humans is most rapid during what two stages? Answer: infancy and adolescence", "output": [ "Growth and development are most rapid during infancy and slower throughout the rest of childhood until adolescence." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e4bdcc3d2f4427a8dfe90cbb79b1e8b", "input": "Question: What is found in abundance in the polar ice caps and under the surface of mars? Answer: water", "output": [ "There is a lot of water ice in the polar ice caps and under the surface of Mars." ] }, { "id": "task593-02fb0dc6115040debe553ad2cede6c42", "input": "Question: What layer is above the mesosphere? Answer: thermosphere", "output": [ "The thermosphere is the layer above the mesosphere. It rises to 600 kilometers (372 miles) above the surface. The International Space Station orbits Earth in this layer as in Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-c4a1c3bebb064ab5af970f463b1dff0d", "input": "Question: Some compounds form rigid frameworks called what? Answer: crystals", "output": [ "Some compounds form rigid frameworks called crystals. Other compounds form individual molecules. A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that still has the compound’s properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-ec2138b7681f4880974b5da8b0165037", "input": "Question: When there is no mass in a volume of space, the space is not what? Answer: curved", "output": [ "When there is no mass in a volume of space, the space is not curved. An object passing through such space would follow a straight line in our normal way of thinking of a straight line." ] }, { "id": "task593-1146ed674a7040949fc01ac408e26d54", "input": "Question: What mineral is made of one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms? Answer: quartz", "output": [ "5. Quartz is made of one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms. If you find a mineral and find that it is made of one silicon atom and one oxygen atom is it quartz?." ] }, { "id": "task593-20b23f85aa2e462b8a6d0cf9c80e3e3f", "input": "Question: Atomic emission spectra are produced when excited electrons return to what state? Answer: ground state", "output": [ "Atomic emission spectra are produced when excited electrons return to ground state." ] }, { "id": "task593-33a4c309af944e7c975aa2ac96cf2848", "input": "Question: What does all matter consist of? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "All matter consists of atoms, which cannot be further subdivided into smaller particles." ] }, { "id": "task593-b64caf3744c24bccb906eb88d3201081", "input": "Question: Groundwater dissolves minerals and carries the ions in a what? Answer: solution", "output": [ "Groundwater dissolves minerals and carries the ions in solution." ] }, { "id": "task593-ee0d145e1ea64262ab05f766e873ab44", "input": "Question: Solar and wind are still expensive compared to what? Answer: fossil fuels", "output": [ "Solar and wind are still expensive relative to fossil fuels. The technology needs to advance so that the price falls." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d5604b23f8048769d1ee55e55e79bac", "input": "Question: Which kingdom are mosses and trees included in? Answer: plant", "output": [ "Mateusz Kulawik. Mosses and trees are all part of the plant kingdom . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-fb17180ec3eb401aa1d8e03e8e8c403c", "input": "Question: Bones are the main organs of what system, which also includes cartilage and ligaments? Answer: skeletal system", "output": [ "Bones are the main organs of the skeletal system. The skeletal system also includes cartilage and ligaments." ] }, { "id": "task593-eb13b2a763e144dd8821198dc0630ec7", "input": "Question: What is a three dimensional snycline? Answer: a basin", "output": [ "In a syncline, rocks arch downward. A three-dimensional syncline is a basin." ] }, { "id": "task593-377ea30479b6483d9f5d27b02f6501b3", "input": "Question: Abrasion is a process of what type of weathering? Answer: mechanical", "output": [ "Ice wedging and abrasion are two important processes of mechanical weathering." ] }, { "id": "task593-a6c6fddd58f640dd998df2a114586a34", "input": "Question: What do osteoclasts do to bone? Answer: break it down", "output": [ "Under the direction of osteocytes, osteoblasts continuously build up bone, while osteoclasts continuously break down bone. These processes help maintain mineral homeostasis." ] }, { "id": "task593-7c7c883f4d19444a8f7bedb5bba4ffe7", "input": "Question: What do tadpoles turn into? Answer: frogs", "output": [ "Frogs develop from tadpoles, which develop from eggs. Notice the formation of the two powerful back legs used for jumping." ] }, { "id": "task593-41dcec64c03f42c8ad51352ccc548a33", "input": "Question: A major disturbance in what results in an episode of severe weather called a storm? Answer: the atmosphere", "output": [ "A storm is an episode of severe weather. It is caused by a major disturbance in the atmosphere. Types of storms include thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes." ] }, { "id": "task593-0f680ceed26b453ea94ffd57dd31de88", "input": "Question: Which branch of science is the study of energy, matter, and their interactions? Answer: physics", "output": [ "Physics is the study of energy, matter, and their interactions. It is concerned with matter and energy at all levels—from the most fundamental particles of matter to the entire universe." ] }, { "id": "task593-6e5d96bbf142406fa3af5192ea8cabe2", "input": "Question: What is it called when you get the same result after repeating an experiment? Answer: replication", "output": [ "Getting the same result when an experiment is repeated is called replication. If research results can be replicated, it means they are more likely to be correct." ] }, { "id": "task593-b0dab3a92c4349ad96587cd4d515b533", "input": "Question: What is the difference between the daily high and the daily low? Answer: tidal change", "output": [ "The difference between the daily high and the daily low is the tidal range." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ce2609dd6e34b85b2a378a0894f9035", "input": "Question: Ocean currents transfer heat from the equator towards what locations? Answer: poles", "output": [ "Ocean currents transfer heat from the Equator toward the poles. This moderates Earth's temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e347cb2051a4f4c9421450a5b88abe4", "input": "Question: Solar energy travels in what? Answer: photons", "output": [ "Solar energy travels in photons. Photons travel in waves, which make up electromagnetic radiation." ] }, { "id": "task593-bad2c7184d944f319884ef0f8bc8ec3f", "input": "Question: What type of speciation occurs when groups from the same species are geographically isolated for long periods? Answer: allopatric", "output": [ "Allopatric speciation occurs when groups from the same species are geographically isolated for long periods. Imagine all the ways that plants or animals could be isolated from each other:." ] }, { "id": "task593-6bacefbf5ce8445cba136f7b53625fae", "input": "Question: Limestone is insoluble in water, so what can dissolve it? Answer: acid", "output": [ "An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances." ] }, { "id": "task593-a715c478aa354bb2a9aaa68bd9998c86", "input": "Question: What is the process by which organisms change in small ways over time? Answer: microevolution", "output": [ "Microevolution is the process by which organisms change in small ways over time." ] }, { "id": "task593-aae6a351d74842fb827d44f8b7eba1b3", "input": "Question: What term refers to patterns of stars seen from earth? Answer: constellations", "output": [ "Constellations are patterns of stars seen from Earth. These stars are usually not near each other." ] }, { "id": "task593-30b7eb54d8304fc28a6238c1e0d4df11", "input": "Question: What is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution? Answer: natural selection", "output": [ "23.4 Natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution." ] }, { "id": "task593-c1bce7e366f446fcae8d5538b181d0d5", "input": "Question: What eliminates food wastes that remain after digestion takes place? Answer: large intestine", "output": [ "The large intestine eliminates food wastes that remain after digestion takes place." ] }, { "id": "task593-67bddadd26bb4b318495d805c5912576", "input": "Question: What is formed when an acidic solution and a basic solution react together in a neutralization reaction? Answer: salt", "output": [ "An acidic solution and a basic solution react together in a neutralization reaction that also forms a salt." ] }, { "id": "task593-a2d84ced36804c4c855b11d0623131eb", "input": "Question: What substances, which serve as catalysts, are involved in most of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms? Answer: enzymes", "output": [ "Enzymes are involved in most of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-37e8656223f54427aba2321400193d4a", "input": "Question: Where do radio waves lie on the electromagnetic spectrum? Answer: far left", "output": [ "Courtesy of NASA. Radio waves lie at the far left of the electromagnetic spectrum . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-43d1f9621af944b2a7c862da0eab62d4", "input": "Question: What controls what moves inside and outside the cell? Answer: the plasma membrane", "output": [ "The plasma membrane controls what moves inside and outside the cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-6d788f075da7403ab88c83faff71d03a", "input": "Question: What two layers is the skin made of? Answer: epidermis and dermis", "output": [ "Skin is made up of two layers, the epidermis on top and the dermis below. The tissue below the dermis is called the hypodermis, but it is not part of the skin." ] }, { "id": "task593-b7e29c749358492697329b9e458ef909", "input": "Question: What is the weighted average of the masses of all isotopes of an element called? Answer: atomic mass", "output": [ "The atomic mass is the weighted average of the masses of all isotopes of an element." ] }, { "id": "task593-1267482e4fa44cb19b65dda1898ab791", "input": "Question: What is the unit of evolution? Answer: the population", "output": [ "The population is the unit of evolution." ] }, { "id": "task593-decde662cf98408c8fea9f845b6bea55", "input": "Question: What state of hydrogen can be predicted based on the atoms to which it is bonded? Answer: oxidation", "output": [ "The oxidation state of hydrogen can also be predicted based on the atoms to which it is bonded. As with other pure elements, hydrogen has an oxidation state of zero in H 2 ." ] }, { "id": "task593-2d645879f1a54e8996cdc751e811597d", "input": "Question: What determines whether a volcanic eruption will be explosive or not? Answer: thickness of magma", "output": [ "Volcanic eruptions can be non-explosive or explosive depending on the thickness of the magma." ] }, { "id": "task593-2bc95cece5854dd8be8d978b15ff130d", "input": "Question: What does the structure of a protein start with? Answer: amino acids", "output": [ "Protein Structure. The structure of a protein starts with its sequence of amino acids. What determines the secondary structure of a protein? What are two types of secondary protein structure?." ] }, { "id": "task593-75f5089bd7714b14825206677d9a9bac", "input": "Question: The amniotic egg first evolved in what species? Answer: reptiles", "output": [ "Amniotic Egg. The amniotic egg is an important adaptation in fully terrestrial vertebrates. It first evolved in reptiles. The shells of reptile eggs are either hard or leathery." ] }, { "id": "task593-cb0b7a1aacee4d6f99901396ebdd505c", "input": "Question: What is the water that falls from the sky called? Answer: precipitation", "output": [ "Clouds are needed for precipitation. Precipitation is water that falls from the sky. This may fall as liquid water, mostly as rain . It may fall also as frozen water, such as snow." ] }, { "id": "task593-d1390d13cd9b4c459ed6b61859fe8e0b", "input": "Question: Emissions of what gas into the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning have been rising for the past several decades? Answer: carbon dioxide", "output": [ "Carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning have been rising for the past several decades." ] }, { "id": "task593-400f442df3ee4e878f9fa0455e28f0b5", "input": "Question: What is the name of the protective layer of gases that surrounds the earth and blocks harmful rays from the sun? Answer: the atmosphere", "output": [ "The atmosphere protects living things from the Sun’s most harmful rays. Gases reflect or absorb the strongest rays of sunlight. Figure below models this role of the atmosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-02743ffe78e34b2ba9d9596c116ccde7", "input": "Question: During adulthood, what is needed for the production of sperm? Answer: testosterone", "output": [ "During adulthood, testosterone is needed for the production of sperm." ] }, { "id": "task593-c3833d03af9c4ccabb196b5fc68a2817", "input": "Question: What is the term for an amount of force pushing against a given area? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Gas particles are constantly moving and bumping into things, and this creates force. The amount of force pushing against a given area is called pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-59949cbc49674096b0d82786fa570546", "input": "Question: What is the total number of codons? Answer: 64", "output": [ "The mRNA is divided into three-base segments called codons. A codon is the segment of nucleotides that codes for an amino acid, or for a start or stop signal. There are 64 codons." ] }, { "id": "task593-d13d94fd97344061820dd5b77ac7b3bf", "input": "Question: Latitude affects the amount of what received by an area, which in turn affects the temperature of a region? Answer: solar radiation", "output": [ "We saw that the amount of solar radiation an area receives depends on its latitude. The amount of solar radiation affects the temperature of a region. Latitude has other effects on climate." ] }, { "id": "task593-394f8b474ad54c4f9091563bc4ea56c2", "input": "Question: Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by what? Answer: tendons", "output": [ "Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons." ] }, { "id": "task593-dcf5889d489a40eab9336de62c9579a8", "input": "Question: What is the multi-phase process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides? Answer: mitosis", "output": [ "Mitosis in the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle. Mitosis is the multi-phase process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides." ] }, { "id": "task593-9afbb64e53204112b3060701eaddf234", "input": "Question: What type of graph is useful for showing percents of a whole? Answer: circle graphs", "output": [ "Circle graphs are especially useful for showing percents of a whole. The circle graph in Figure below shows the percent of all vehicles counted that were of each type." ] }, { "id": "task593-9839938da6e745d8b483f7e5736df7ee", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe muscle fibers that allows muscles to contract? Answer: organelle", "output": [ "organelle in muscle fibers that allows muscles to contract." ] }, { "id": "task593-de4f001ebe7d486ab0bcb32d2f39e878", "input": "Question: What 2 things keep polar bears warm in their arctic ecosystem? Answer: thick fur, blubber", "output": [ "Thick fur and a layer of blubber keep polar bears warm in their Arctic ecosystem. Why do you think their fur is white? Why might it be an adaptation in an Arctic biome?." ] }, { "id": "task593-fc7e5125f76349b4b174eedaf4c9214b", "input": "Question: If an atom gains electrons, it becomes what? Answer: an ion", "output": [ "If an atom gains electrons, it becomes an ion. Is the ion positively or negatively charged? Explain your answer." ] }, { "id": "task593-43a80f2de36148068b10a136fe51e95c", "input": "Question: Around 1200 species of what broad animal group are currently at risk of extinction due to human activity? Answer: birds", "output": [ "Today, some 1,200 species of birds are threatened with extinction by human actions. Humans need to take steps to protect this precious and important natural resource. What can you do to help?." ] }, { "id": "task593-695c708604b441618f34d0c18f247c1e", "input": "Question: Applying a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure of a solution will do what? Answer: reverse osmosis", "output": [ "Figure 11.26 Applying a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure of a solution will reverse osmosis. Solvent molecules from the solution are pushed into the pure solvent." ] }, { "id": "task593-5541226b4777492bb0b1bdfd067db67d", "input": "Question: What substances contained in lemons, vinegar, and sour candies have a sour taste? Answer: acids", "output": [ "Acids have a sour taste. Lemons, vinegar, and sour candies all contain acids." ] }, { "id": "task593-ad4c5bf05dff4b75983c62015553e436", "input": "Question: What is the layer above the troposphere? Answer: stratosphere", "output": [ "The stratosphere is the layer above the troposphere. Temperature increases with altitude in this layer. The ozone layer occurs here." ] }, { "id": "task593-083b5cc83b0b40098f5bb5b9c02d6743", "input": "Question: What kind of surface temperature is found on venus? Answer: extremely high", "output": [ "Venus is the second planet from the Sun and the closest planet to Earth, in distance and in size. Venus has a very thick, corrosive atmosphere, and the surface temperature is extremely high." ] }, { "id": "task593-38e259714d0040fa98602cc8951427bf", "input": "Question: What do cells of dermal tissue secrete? Answer: cuticle", "output": [ "Dermal tissue covers the outside of a plant. It's like the plant's skin. Cells of dermal tissue secrete a waxy substance called cuticle. Cuticle helps prevent water loss and damage to the plant." ] }, { "id": "task593-ef74426baf204a0983ab4943c77d126c", "input": "Question: What branch of science is based on the modern atomic theory, which states that all matter is composed of atoms? Answer: chemistry", "output": [ "Chemistry is based on the modern atomic theory, which states that all matter is composed of atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-b6cfba4b8d944c868575217d01f08170", "input": "Question: How many pathways do plants have for carbon fixation? Answer: three", "output": [ "Plants have evolved three pathways for carbon fixation." ] }, { "id": "task593-15bb0187f86142b1b7a05e9e1bde634e", "input": "Question: A statement is considered what if it is open to being falsified? Answer: hypothesis", "output": [ "At a given temperature, individual particles of a substance have a range of kinetic energies." ] }, { "id": "task593-56fce9f45f6140eda22f9ab18060c1fa", "input": "Question: X and y are the labels of what specialized human chromosomes? Answer: sex chromosomes", "output": [ "The 24 human chromosomes. The autosomes are numbered 1 - 22, based on size, with chromosome 1 being the largest. The X and Y sex chromosomes are shown in the box." ] }, { "id": "task593-947b2097daa74d489b62dde47d067bfa", "input": "Question: Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma particles are major types of what? Answer: radioactivity", "output": [ "The major types of radioactivity include alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays." ] }, { "id": "task593-791f8d279cc543edb631b0135258018b", "input": "Question: What causes holes in bread? Answer: yeast fermentation", "output": [ "Laurentbonneau. The holes in bread are created by yeast fermentation . CC-BY 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-523866754ba64a42984c265cb8bed385", "input": "Question: What happens to the core of a star when it begins to run low on hydrogen? Answer: it contracts", "output": [ "series of stages a sexually reproducing organism goes through from one generation to the next." ] }, { "id": "task593-a1ce5406473c46a6a07741fc7966881f", "input": "Question: What chemical affects the onset of puberty and duration? Answer: hormones", "output": [ "Puberty lasts from about ages 12 to 18 years and is controlled by hormones." ] }, { "id": "task593-1779e2c6d4e643c4a5e8bae56d8f4378", "input": "Question: What waves do radio and television use? Answer: radio waves", "output": [ "Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths, lowest frequencies, and least amount of energy. They are used for radio and television broadcasts and many other purposes." ] }, { "id": "task593-46678e9665b74c5182d53fb0f18785d3", "input": "Question: Sand dunes migrate when sand is blown up a slope and this force pulls it down the other side? Answer: gravity", "output": [ "Sand is blown up a slope. Gravity pulls it down the other side. This is how dunes migrate." ] }, { "id": "task593-d24eff9086bb4fe1841845372c8f133e", "input": "Question: What type of winds blow only over a limited area? Answer: local", "output": [ "Local winds are winds that blow over a limited area. They are influenced by local geography. Nearness to an ocean, lake or mountain range can affect local winds. Some examples are found below." ] }, { "id": "task593-7736bfcf937643aaa4e4fe83b5341e05", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe the amount of space occupied by a sample of matter? Answer: volume", "output": [ "Volume is the amount of space occupied by a sample of matter." ] }, { "id": "task593-bbfe72b8e9cd44ba82a12e7b79605f87", "input": "Question: How many additional pairs of appendages do arachnids have? Answer: 2", "output": [ "Arachnids also have two additional pairs of appendages. Describe these two pairs." ] }, { "id": "task593-b9b537d5de654874aecbf49c08f3309b", "input": "Question: Which system consists of all the bones of the body? Answer: skeletal system", "output": [ "The skeletal system consists of all the bones of the body. How important are your bones?." ] }, { "id": "task593-03a5f4648d534eddbcc8f9d0e30726c5", "input": "Question: Cilia and flagella are extensions of what? Answer: plasma membrane", "output": [ "Cilia and flagella are extensions of the plasma membrane." ] }, { "id": "task593-61f911e092154def9164fd6f905d8149", "input": "Question: In eukaryotes, mrna may be modified before leaving what? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "During transcription, a copy of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. In eukaryotes, mRNA may be modified before it leaves the nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-7abaaf4a9f8b448f8c2550730342296c", "input": "Question: What type of galaxies have a rotating disk of stars and dust, a bulge in the middle, and several arms? Answer: spiral galaxies", "output": [ "Spiral galaxies have a rotating disk of stars and dust, a bulge in the middle, and several arms spiraling out from the center. The disk and arms contain many young, blue stars." ] }, { "id": "task593-02fb5f72da2d4907a96209ba2a4b395e", "input": "Question: Which organ protects the body from injury, water loss, and microorganisms? Answer: skin", "output": [ "Skin protects the body from injury, water loss, and microorganisms. It also plays a major role in maintaining a stable body temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-f74f566ac4f44ca1afaae90cf2aed128", "input": "Question: Name the virus that causes cold sores. Answer: herpes virus", "output": [ "Metju12. Cold sores are caused by a herpes virus . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-bb8215dc417c400d8a201691a527d76a", "input": "Question: Subducting plate and epicenter are terms related to what phenomenon? Answer: earthquake", "output": [ "A cross section of earthquake epicenters. The depth outlines the subducting plate. There are shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes." ] }, { "id": "task593-cb165bd681c441ce92d8751148127cd3", "input": "Question: At transform plate boundaries, two plates move in which directions? Answer: opposite", "output": [ "At transform plate boundaries, two plates move in opposite direction." ] }, { "id": "task593-3ef137a62c804fb4aae06f9021a73df1", "input": "Question: Isotopes are named for their number of ______ plus neutrons? Answer: protons", "output": [ "Isotopes are named for their number of protons plus neutrons. If a carbon atom had 7 neutrons, what would it be named?." ] }, { "id": "task593-743974e8794745ccb9036835a0002b6e", "input": "Question: The central nervous system is composed of the brain and what else? Answer: the spinal cord", "output": [ "User:Grm_wnr/Wikimedia Commons, modified by CK-12 Foundation. The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-d86c5f59badc4f51bf6ff24acbadd664", "input": "Question: Oceans are made of a solution of what? Answer: salt and water", "output": [ "Flickr:xiquinhosilva. Oceans are made of a solution of salt and water . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-83908a93e46543a69b7fc0631773ecab", "input": "Question: What is a defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks? Answer: not horizontal", "output": [ "Sedimentary rocks that are not horizontal have been deformed." ] }, { "id": "task593-96164633d5ab4884907efe94c563b208", "input": "Question: What three forms does frozen precipitation take? Answer: snow, sleet, freezing rain", "output": [ "Frozen precipitation may fall as snow, sleet, or freezing rain." ] }, { "id": "task593-ca5b0697a6064a1794fb740b4dec264a", "input": "Question: What gas associated with global warming is released when limestone is heated during the production of cement? Answer: carbon dioxide", "output": [ "Carbon dioxide is released when limestone is heated during the production of cement." ] }, { "id": "task593-25bfb8ac1ad444ecbb99e8e6a63c45e7", "input": "Question: By what kind of change can a chemical change be reversed? Answer: another chemical change", "output": [ "Because chemical changes result in different substances, they often cannot be undone. Some chemical changes can be reversed, but only by other chemical changes." ] }, { "id": "task593-32470394f2284774b1b71b9d053ee212", "input": "Question: What is another term for hydraulic fracturing? Answer: fracking", "output": [ "Hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking, is a relatively new method for extracting natural gas. Fracking may be linked to groundwater contamination and small earthquakes in non-seismic regions." ] }, { "id": "task593-cb63ac1146e64a4b8c9f57e8e25ddae8", "input": "Question: What is usually necessary to develop cancer? Answer: multiple genes mutations", "output": [ "Usually mutations in multiple genes are necessary to develop cancer." ] }, { "id": "task593-7ce97c679b4e4551a3328963b9a7f22c", "input": "Question: Reptiles can be found on every continent except which one? Answer: antarctica", "output": [ "Reptiles can be found on every continent except Antarctica." ] }, { "id": "task593-61dd638986aa4079be4a80edd0258340", "input": "Question: What man-made substance tends to break down ozone in the stratosphere? Answer: cfcs", "output": [ "CFCs break down ozone in the stratosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-57c91aac50f746979c3b73d406e6df38", "input": "Question: What science includes many fields of science related to our home planet? Answer: earth science", "output": [ "Earth science includes many fields of science related to our home planet." ] }, { "id": "task593-04c89534282645e296226779a9715204", "input": "Question: In a scientific investigation, what do you call a direct, physical observation of something or a process? Answer: evidence", "output": [ "Evidence is a direct, physical observation of something or a process." ] }, { "id": "task593-334dcf8dc8684a7a89df3f2a61f7b1fe", "input": "Question: Water infiltrates the ground because soil and rock may have air spaces between the grains. these pores, or tiny holes, result in the rock's what? Answer: porosity", "output": [ "Identify features caused by groundwater erosion and deposition." ] }, { "id": "task593-f122534372204035830cf90aa103c833", "input": "Question: What is extracted from rock by heap leaching, flotation, or smelting? Answer: ore", "output": [ "Ore is extracted from rock by heap leaching, flotation, or smelting." ] }, { "id": "task593-dbb54a6f05d64ad2ae5083cc3711fe8a", "input": "Question: Most vascular plants are seed plants, also known as? Answer: spermatophytes", "output": [ "Most vascular plants are seed plants, or spermatophytes. They reproduce with seeds and pollen. Some modern seed plants are gymnosperms that produce seeds in cones." ] }, { "id": "task593-e2de0d15b3bb431e8a82316a8f6ed7c4", "input": "Question: What are commonly used to control insect pests, but can have harmful effects on the environment? Answer: insecticides", "output": [ "Insecticides are commonly used to control insect pests, but they can have harmful effects on the environment." ] }, { "id": "task593-cbc589b6ba0748b5a8ddaad1ff8b7c7d", "input": "Question: What is the measure of the energy released when an extra electron is added to an atom? Answer: electron affinity", "output": [ "Electron affinity is a measure of the energy released when an extra electron is added to an atom." ] }, { "id": "task593-9c14b38dd466482a98e389313f523e0d", "input": "Question: Bread has little holes in it from carbon dioxide produced by what? Answer: yeast", "output": [ "Bread has little holes in it from carbon dioxide produced by yeast." ] }, { "id": "task593-6a754d3166da4af291a087adc6ab4a7d", "input": "Question: What is the ph level for pure water? Answer: ph of 7", "output": [ "The extremely low hydronium ion concentration of pure water gives pure water a neutral pH of 7. Acids have a pH lower than 7, and bases have a pH higher than 7." ] }, { "id": "task593-06d4607fab554afe928dfea76e408661", "input": "Question: What biome is located between the temperate and tropical biomes? Answer: subtropical", "output": [ "Latitude means how far a biome is from the equator. Moving from the poles to the equator, you will find (in order) Arctic, boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical biomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-4023bb4a6b314d0693a5ef331f39cd65", "input": "Question: Ether molecules have an oxygen atom and can engage in hydrogen bonding with which other molecules? Answer: water", "output": [ "Ether molecules have an oxygen atom and can engage in hydrogen bonding with water molecules. An ether molecule has about the same solubility in water as the alcohol that is isomeric with it." ] }, { "id": "task593-e90566d1f4a84029abae69d8aaa34119", "input": "Question: Adipose is a connective tissue made up of cells called what? Answer: adipocytes", "output": [ "Figure 33.16 Adipose is a connective tissue is made up of cells called adipocytes. Adipocytes have small nuclei localized at the cell edge." ] }, { "id": "task593-5621f7c4e1af4438aa72168943c1b83d", "input": "Question: The nuclei of radioisotopes are unstable, so they constantly decay and emit what? Answer: radiation", "output": [ "The nuclei of radioisotopes are unstable, so they constantly decay and emit radiation." ] }, { "id": "task593-66390e0f3ffa44548c512deab9209110", "input": "Question: Population growth is determined by rates of birth, death, immigration, and what else? Answer: emigration", "output": [ "Population growth is determined by rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration." ] }, { "id": "task593-f654fd273215449cb7c2577e2d7a0db7", "input": "Question: Calculations are described showing conversions between molar mass and what for gases? Answer: density", "output": [ "Calculations are described showing conversions between molar mass and density for gases." ] }, { "id": "task593-ac1b1a61d7d741458d24deb7db414886", "input": "Question: Protists are classified as animal-like, plant-like, or what else? Answer: fungus-like", "output": [ "Protists are classified as animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like. The three groups differ mainly in how they obtain carbon and energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-33e5599e1ab147c089d462c3fea1c7ab", "input": "Question: What is the term for the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter." ] }, { "id": "task593-60fa15dde94f417bba3456ea241e2f76", "input": "Question: What is the“packet” of energy called that the nucleus emits during gamma decay? Answer: gamma particle", "output": [ "Gamma rays are produced during gamma decay of an excited nucleus. During gamma decay, the nucleus emits a “packet” of energy called a gamma particle." ] }, { "id": "task593-1177aa840a49429b90b1054d1af78f70", "input": "Question: What is the cutting and burning trees to clear land for farming called? Answer: slash-and-burn agriculture", "output": [ "Cutting and burning trees to clear land for farming is called slash-and-burn agriculture. How does this affect the atmosphere?." ] }, { "id": "task593-060b16385dd146c7bfa51d8b384a99f2", "input": "Question: What do voltmeters measure? Answer: voltage drop across a resistor", "output": [ "Voltmeters measure the voltage drop across a resistor." ] }, { "id": "task593-ca67ae43e4184a0eae3642dfdbae06ad", "input": "Question: Kelvin is a temperature measure in which the lowest temperature is what? Answer: absolute zero", "output": [ "Kelvin is a temperature measure in which the lowest temperature is absolute zero." ] }, { "id": "task593-cec10ca6ecdd465786a3025b301a6b6a", "input": "Question: The moon has a crust, mantle, and a? Answer: core", "output": [ "The Moon has a crust, mantle, and core." ] }, { "id": "task593-a791bad10ce8415bb043a5d9b054c985", "input": "Question: What occurs when two wave crests overlap? Answer: constructive interference", "output": [ "Constructive interference occurs when two wave crests overlap, doubling the wave amplitude at that location." ] }, { "id": "task593-5e1f8cfef7404edb8de32fa82e1d507a", "input": "Question: Covalent bond energies can be used to estimate the enthalpy changes of what? Answer: chemical reactions", "output": [ "Covalent bond energies can be used to estimate the enthalpy changes of chemical reactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-54619343093a419bbbf9106551224ce3", "input": "Question: Homologous chromosomes move toward what poles? Answer: opposite", "output": [ "Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during." ] }, { "id": "task593-935f8e70aa124d3b8137ec5fd43606bc", "input": "Question: Saturated hydrocarbons are given the general name of what? Answer: alkanes", "output": [ "Saturated hydrocarbons are given the general name of alkanes. The name of specific alkanes always ends in –ane and has a prefix to indicate how many carbon atoms it has." ] }, { "id": "task593-f37ba232670c452e82600fec3c6ca6f4", "input": "Question: What do you call plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyll? Answer: chloroplasts", "output": [ "Chloroplasts are plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyll. They capture light energy from the sun and use it to make food. A chloroplast is shown in Figure above ." ] }, { "id": "task593-4da64c1a54f44e3985930091c78261de", "input": "Question: Eutrophication, or high levels of nutrients, can cause conditions that deprive fish of what vital gas? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "High levels of nutrients, called eutrophication, can cause conditions that deprive fish of oxygen." ] }, { "id": "task593-e89089de010c4dcfb6e9650f0d493afe", "input": "Question: The simplest way to define a base is which kind of compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water? Answer: ionic", "output": [ "The simplest way to define a base is an ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. One of the most commonly used bases is sodium hydroxide, illustrated below." ] }, { "id": "task593-ca4f9f89b936466cb60af5a9c479d3f3", "input": "Question: Reversing the orientation of a chromosomal segment is called what? Answer: inversions", "output": [ "Inversions are reversing the orientation of a chromosomal segment." ] }, { "id": "task593-706a8f2b91a247d690010c53ef93c0fb", "input": "Question: The genetic code is universal, unambiguous, and what else? Answer: redundant", "output": [ "6. The genetic code is universal, unambiguous, and redundant. Explain what this means and why it is important." ] }, { "id": "task593-c9abae934b6548c28c99069802c29754", "input": "Question: Carboxylic acids can form what with alcohols? Answer: esters", "output": [ "Carboxylic acids can form esters with alcohols." ] }, { "id": "task593-a1d85e93cb2943999d65b8878c948158", "input": "Question: What are materials that have a low resistance to electrical current called? Answer: electrical conductors", "output": [ "Materials that have low resistance to electric current are called electric conductors. Many metals are good electric conductors." ] }, { "id": "task593-4de3973583d4433d9e754073c2e9989b", "input": "Question: Rising and falling levels of what will result in progression of the ovarian and menstrual cycles? Answer: hormones", "output": [ "Figure 43.17 Rising and falling hormone levels result in progression of the ovarian and menstrual cycles. (credit: modification of work by Mikael Häggström)." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ba969e93b0840d1af39eb9747f6e186", "input": "Question: What spreads sti during sexual contact? Answer: pathogens", "output": [ "STIs are diseases caused by pathogens that spread through sexual contact." ] }, { "id": "task593-1caa9e11c4534b3fa89a315bae1c9d35", "input": "Question: What are ionic compounds that produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water? Answer: bases", "output": [ "Bases are ionic compounds that produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water." ] }, { "id": "task593-7dcc2032cb864db0a1979512000c5731", "input": "Question: What force holds together both types of star clusters? Answer: gravity", "output": [ "Star clusters are small groups of stars. A star cluster is smaller than a galaxy. There are two main types, open clusters and globular clusters. Both types are held together by gravity." ] }, { "id": "task593-5939f02d9b5c4e5990c34be9b6163702", "input": "Question: What is the jelly-like material in which the contents of the cell are suspended? Answer: cytosol", "output": [ "The cytosol is the jelly-like material in which the contents of the cell are suspended." ] }, { "id": "task593-b5d24b6576074aeca40a1870962a66ef", "input": "Question: The muscles in arteries and veins that are largely responsible for regulation of blood pressure are known as what type? Answer: smooth muscles", "output": [ "Smooth muscles in arteries and veins are largely responsible for regulation of blood pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-98ca65edc483415287010a81104fea51", "input": "Question: Wind power, solar power, hydropower, and geothermal power are called renewable sources of energy or what other term? Answer: alternative energy", "output": [ "Alternative energy sources include wind power, solar power, hydropower, and geothermal power." ] }, { "id": "task593-2ff47fd8c53548159fef79af99b63c9a", "input": "Question: What celestial body in the solar system makes up most of its total mass? Answer: sun", "output": [ "The Sun makes up almost all of the mass of the solar system." ] }, { "id": "task593-f07653617a14476d928b43d350a0c45f", "input": "Question: What is the plasma membrane formed by? Answer: a phospholipid bilayer", "output": [ "The plasma membrane is formed by a phospholipid bilayer." ] }, { "id": "task593-5eca9c4437314a0c9fd984ff00eaa3cb", "input": "Question: When both objects have a positive charge what will the force be between them? Answer: repulsive", "output": [ "The positive sign of the force indicates the force is repulsive. This makes sense, because both objects have a positive charge." ] }, { "id": "task593-8bb92ba7a0624caa87e5e238a0b10134", "input": "Question: Matter can exist either as a pure substance or as a combination of what? Answer: different substances", "output": [ "The properties of matter, both physical and chemical, depend on the substances that matter is made of. Matter can exist either as a pure substance or as a combination of different substances." ] }, { "id": "task593-564c38955418483986ef5f1561d2b8e9", "input": "Question: Digestion of polysaccharides and disaccharides in the small intestine produces glucose and other? Answer: monosaccharides", "output": [ "Digestion of polysaccharides and disaccharides in the small intestine produces glucose and other monosaccharides." ] }, { "id": "task593-bf0e5cdafbcb4734af41c93df43a14ab", "input": "Question: What kind of joints does the skull have that do not allow any movement? Answer: fixed joints", "output": [ "Image copyright Vasiliy Koval, 2013, modified by CK-12 Foundation. The skull has fixed joints that do not allow any movement . Used under license from Shutterstock. com." ] }, { "id": "task593-90023803b15d4f37b1ef8283c6dc20f1", "input": "Question: What is created when energy turns a turbine? Answer: electricity", "output": [ "4. Electricity is made when some type of energy turns a turbine. Explain how this happens and give two examples." ] }, { "id": "task593-0de7c7dffbf949528028c09196629232", "input": "Question: What occurs when there is a sudden discharge of static electricity between a cloud and the ground? Answer: lightning", "output": [ "Lightning occurs when there is a sudden discharge of static electricity between a cloud and the ground." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa16af0c475648549b6520ec02199b66", "input": "Question: What occurs when some substances change chemically to other substances? Answer: chemical reaction", "output": [ "A chemical reaction occurs when some substances change chemically to other substances. Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations." ] }, { "id": "task593-206b21aabddc4fa7af7559d9e85464ec", "input": "Question: What is greatest source of hazardous waste? Answer: industry", "output": [ "The greatest source of hazardous waste is industry. Agriculture is another major source. Even households produce a lot of hazardous waste." ] }, { "id": "task593-cbadfc4fa7fa4ce19c13a8ab4d2f0cce", "input": "Question: What type of species can alternate between medusa and polyp forms? Answer: cnidarian", "output": [ "As you can see in Figure below , both body plans have radial symmetry. Some cnidarian species alternate between medusa and polyp forms. Other species exist in just one form or the other." ] }, { "id": "task593-9232531349664714bf838016f00e7dff", "input": "Question: What temperature scale is obtained by adding 273 degrees from the corresponding celsius temperature? Answer: kelvin scale", "output": [ "The Celsius scale is the standard SI temperature scale. It is equal to the Kelvin scale if you minus 273 from the Celsius reading. Water has a boiling point of and a freezing point of ." ] }, { "id": "task593-efaacd66928c4ddd80eabfed285fed48", "input": "Question: Carbon dioxide is an example of a material that easily undergoes what? Answer: sublimation", "output": [ "Carbon dioxide is an example of a material that easily undergoes sublimation." ] }, { "id": "task593-8bcc626aea92405a8bdae615100ddec7", "input": "Question: The distance between two crests of a wave of light is referred to as what, which is related to the color of light? Answer: wavelength", "output": [ "wavelength : The distance between two crests of a wave of light. The color of light is related to its wavelength. This is inversely proportional to frequency." ] }, { "id": "task593-e6782b3dae4743b5803df538001d8e98", "input": "Question: Which type of membrane are ribosomes surrounded by? Answer: none", "output": [ "Ribosomes are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Ribosomes are not surrounded by a membrane. The other organelles found in eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a membrane." ] }, { "id": "task593-768d9c7d02f94541b34d80e37eef185b", "input": "Question: The ability of matter to burn is called? Answer: flammability", "output": [ "Flammability is the ability of matter to burn. Wood is flammable; iron is not. When wood burns, it changes to ashes, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. After burning, it is no longer wood." ] }, { "id": "task593-f5808370dd7e42369a8730d06b26f385", "input": "Question: What substance, involved in most biochemical reactions, is essential to life? Answer: water", "output": [ "Water is involved in most biochemical reactions. Therefore, water is essential to life." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d3bc81500ff4dadacd9608b400ec5ee", "input": "Question: What is an advantage of brightly colored fruits? Answer: attract animals to disperse their seeds", "output": [ "Brightly colored fruits attract animals that may disperse their seeds. It’s hard to miss the bright red apples on these trees." ] }, { "id": "task593-08f9f6c43e3048c8ad8515b3b123b312", "input": "Question: What type of gas levels in the atmosphere are increasing? Answer: greenhouse gas", "output": [ "Greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere are increasing. Global temperatures are increasing." ] }, { "id": "task593-d89be8fc110c470ab3dda1d2266bc540", "input": "Question: What is the general shape of centrioles? Answer: rod", "output": [ "Centrioles are rod-like structures made of short microtubules. Though they are found in most eukaryotic cells, centrioles are absent in some plants and most fungi." ] }, { "id": "task593-e218f684f0274d70b4088097574139c3", "input": "Question: What cells carry oxygen? Answer: red blood cells", "output": [ "Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells defend the body, and platelets help blood clot." ] }, { "id": "task593-d5815f521ce540b4a120b185b87e2a0d", "input": "Question: Probability can be used to predict the chance of gametes and offspring having certain what? Answer: alleles", "output": [ "Probability can be used to predict the chance of gametes and offspring having certain alleles." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7d378eef2e046fa8e74c7c9367353d2", "input": "Question: How many identical daughter cells are created at the end of cytokinesis? Answer: two", "output": [ "At the end of cytokinesis there are two genetically identical daughter cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-71b77177c01f4bb0b65bf0bf3103a7f3", "input": "Question: Does pressure increase or decrease when gas particles heat up? Answer: increase", "output": [ "Like a gas, plasma lacks a fixed volume and shape. Unlike a gas, it can conduct electricity and respond to magnetism." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d938a6fdb58446bbcf961a5fb9a945b", "input": "Question: Where is the only place an electric charge can be found? Answer: conductor", "output": [ "Electric charge is found only in a conductor." ] }, { "id": "task593-f0be215b30f44acb933a47e3ab530112", "input": "Question: Catalytic converters used on motor vehicles break down pollutants in what, yielding non-toxic compounds? Answer: exhaust", "output": [ "Catalytic converters are used on motor vehicles. They break down pollutants in exhaust to non-toxic compounds. For example, they change nitrogen oxides to harmless nitrogen and oxygen gases." ] }, { "id": "task593-cbe5f5a72823486a9e76c8e533f17e2f", "input": "Question: Where do the majority of arthropods live? Answer: on land", "output": [ "The majority of mollusks and annelids live in the water or inside hosts. Arthropods are invertebrates that include insects. The majority of arthropods live on land." ] }, { "id": "task593-8430e55c68be48829160b664f1e86617", "input": "Question: What are insect parasites transmitted sexually? Answer: pubic lice", "output": [ "Pubic lice , like the one in Figure below , are insect parasites that are transmitted sexually. They suck the blood of their host and irritate the skin in the pubic area." ] }, { "id": "task593-33c888d8bff14daa9b9008d9feb79ff5", "input": "Question: Are thunderstorms more likely where the ground temperatures are extremely high or extremely low? Answer: extremely high", "output": [ "Thunderstorms grow where ground temperatures are extremely high." ] }, { "id": "task593-6d0e3cde39c74232b3453bf2685f6bf9", "input": "Question: Which nerve carries electrical signals from the rods and cones to the brain? Answer: optic", "output": [ "The optic nerve carries electrical signals from the rods and cones to the brain." ] }, { "id": "task593-86035d182e4044dbaf34211e5a5393e2", "input": "Question: What does the driving of turbines by the heating of water to steam accomplish? Answer: generation of electricity", "output": [ "Nuclear reactors heat water to steam to drive a turbine for generation of electricity." ] }, { "id": "task593-eaf1b110b6fc4d808540cb82eebb238c", "input": "Question: The way a mineral cleaves or fractures depends on what part of the mineral? Answer: the crystal structure", "output": [ "The way a mineral cleaves or fractures depends on the crystal structure of the mineral." ] }, { "id": "task593-8cd2feb5aa6e4746923eff7e63ea7ccf", "input": "Question: What's the other term for your wind pipe? Answer: trachea", "output": [ "The trachea , or wind pipe, is a long tube that leads down to the chest." ] }, { "id": "task593-5d385efcd34643df900e9de25d47be1a", "input": "Question: The high points of a transverse wave are called what? Answer: crests", "output": [ "The high points of a transverse wave are called crests, and the low points are called troughs." ] }, { "id": "task593-4ae45fc785e1407eaa08b4e695ce4e08", "input": "Question: What kind of relationship exists between living things that depend on the same resources? Answer: competition", "output": [ "Competition is a relationship between living things that depend on the same resources." ] }, { "id": "task593-aaabf18255314acdbb70a3ad9abfd98b", "input": "Question: What is the distance north or south of the equator called? Answer: latitude", "output": [ "Latitude is the distance north or south of the Equator. It is expressed as a number between 0° and 90° north or south." ] }, { "id": "task593-800b61bba2fb41568eddc2bf298bedbc", "input": "Question: What is a combination of two or more substances in any proportions called? Answer: mixture", "output": [ "A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in any proportions. The substances in a mixture do not combine chemically, so they retain their physical properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-2580817f49d244eb9063d31a00f1a964", "input": "Question: In what type of population do allele and genotype frequencies not change over time? Answer: equilibrium population", "output": [ "In an equilibrium population, allele and genotype frequencies do not change over time." ] }, { "id": "task593-25a14b5e6fd14a1583cc812d988bccda", "input": "Question: Partially decayed remains of plants and animals form the organic portion of what? Answer: soil", "output": [ "the partially decayed remains of plants and animals that forms the organic portion of soil." ] }, { "id": "task593-df1f3065032e41e1af2eef66187ea44b", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe the distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel that distance? Answer: speed", "output": [ "Speed is the distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel that distance. Velocity is the instantaneous speed and direction. Average velocity is the displacement divided by the time." ] }, { "id": "task593-a2ebf3bf3abe4b7281e5ba9a19a65cfa", "input": "Question: What kind of radiation is observed in honeycreeper birds? Answer: adaptive", "output": [ "Figure 18.13 The honeycreeper birds illustrate adaptive radiation. From one original species of bird, multiple others evolved, each with its own distinctive characteristics." ] }, { "id": "task593-bf825cb9c0aa4613b79b2f0751c9a1d8", "input": "Question: Oils are liquid lipids that plants use to store what? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Oils are liquid lipids that plants use to store energy. Examples of oils include olive oil and corn oil." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d2087aca5074c448af4c5ce57c12c7f", "input": "Question: What factors consist of parts of the environment that are or were alive, and their remains? Answer: biotic factors", "output": [ "Biotic factors are the parts of the environment that are alive, or were alive and then died, such as plants, animals, and their remains. Biotic factors also include bacteria, fungi and protists." ] }, { "id": "task593-0e69b624e1c448a9a1d7be24eeaa3ade", "input": "Question: What element can form two different compounds with oxygen? Answer: carbon", "output": [ "Carbon can form two different compounds with oxygen." ] }, { "id": "task593-cb6ed37a06e247989a95da60d60b68d6", "input": "Question: What does the human protein cytokine help fight? Answer: infections", "output": [ "Bacteria are modified to produce the human protein cytokine. This is a protein that helps fight infections." ] }, { "id": "task593-d960b3f390ee48a080ee5414c2e46465", "input": "Question: What type of power is generated using a nonrenewable resource? Answer: nuclear power", "output": [ "Chuck Szmurlo (Wikimedia: Cszmurlo). Nuclear power is generated using a nonrenewable resource . CC BY 2.5." ] }, { "id": "task593-6ae322f79b2946668c0d5dedb436292f", "input": "Question: What does the male reproductive system consist of? Answer: structures that produce sperm and secrete testosterone", "output": [ "The male reproductive system consists of structures that produce sperm and secrete testosterone." ] }, { "id": "task593-e6e9202d03e349088d874fbabd36c5b8", "input": "Question: What is the largest human organ? Answer: skin", "output": [ "human body system that includes the skin, nails, and hair." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e4561a2da4b48a0a4f29c9d2368b684", "input": "Question: Ice cubes in cola cause the cola to lose what? Answer: thermal energy", "output": [ "Simon Cousins. Ice cubes in cola cause the cola to lose thermal energy . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-53d292eaae9748038e6d0300a16cac23", "input": "Question: The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nerves that are found outside what? Answer: central nervous system", "output": [ "The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nerves that are found outside the central nervous system." ] }, { "id": "task593-ae765724906c4d68879f2f7a4b7f3343", "input": "Question: A device that produces a very focused beam of visible light of just one wavelength and color is called? Answer: laser", "output": [ "A laser is a device that produces a very focused beam of visible light of just one wavelength and color. Pulses of laser light carry communication signals through optical fibers." ] }, { "id": "task593-b660ba36848f43b4b5f2a32a16dc929a", "input": "Question: Earth’s magnetic north and south poles are not the same as what? Answer: geographic poles", "output": [ "Earth has north and south magnetic poles like a bar magnet. Earth’s magnetic poles are not the same as the geographic poles." ] }, { "id": "task593-68ba7502858f494a806b9e7335dcec4b", "input": "Question: A measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another is what? Answer: precision", "output": [ "precision: A measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another. Precise measurements are highly reproducible, even if the measurements are not near the correct value." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa077d03f1d54362b45ca8d1e49a801f", "input": "Question: In naming ternary compounds, which type of particle is stated first? Answer: cation", "output": [ "Ternary compounds are named by stating the cation first, followed by the anion." ] }, { "id": "task593-196336e9c6c1429daf6eea31a53dfa49", "input": "Question: What element enters the body when an organism breathes? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "What goes into the cell? Oxygen and glucose are both reactants of cellular respiration. Oxygen enters the body when an organism breathes. Glucose enters the body when an organism eats." ] }, { "id": "task593-219c8c39036b45f4921c8e6ef0cced25", "input": "Question: In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate. this results in a net gain of? Answer: two atp molecules", "output": [ "In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate. This results in a net gain of two ATP molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-42ab356eaf154cc69707a2d2ecf1925f", "input": "Question: Living organisms are comprised of organic compounds, which are molecules built around what element? Answer: carbon", "output": [ "Living organisms are comprised of organic compounds, molecules built around the element carbon." ] }, { "id": "task593-d59f7b11a63e46e4a8d8bd8bcefbc267", "input": "Question: What makes metals shiny? Answer: light reflection", "output": [ "Metals are generally shiny. This is because they reflect much of the light that strikes them. The mercury pictured above is very shiny." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa3a8a4ddef2444f9ce595b06c4b0103", "input": "Question: What kind of diagrams can be used to illustrate electron movements and ion formation? Answer: electron dot diagrams", "output": [ "Electron dot diagrams can be used to illustrate electron movements and ion formation." ] }, { "id": "task593-cccab2d4b7fb4cf2b38778243ce569aa", "input": "Question: What type of electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus? Answer: negative electrons", "output": [ "Avoid close contact with people who are sick. This includes kissing, hugging, shaking hands, and sharing cups or eating utensils." ] }, { "id": "task593-f72965fd1bd840d4be23615aef7ffab6", "input": "Question: How many groups of leaves does poison ivy typically have? Answer: three", "output": [ "Poison ivy plants are wild vines with leaves in groups of three. They grow in wooded areas in most of the United States. Contact with poison ivy may cause a rash in a person allergic to the plant." ] }, { "id": "task593-f151e18ec20a49828e9a3d11ce6583c2", "input": "Question: The yellowstone hot spot is a famous example of a what? Answer: continental hot spot", "output": [ "Hot spots are found within continents, but not as commonly as within oceans. The Yellowstone hot spot is a famous example of a continental hot spot." ] }, { "id": "task593-e0ac04686f394461873b9d3b3765addc", "input": "Question: The adrenal cortex directly influences the function of what organs through the production of the hormone aldosterone to stimulate sodium reabsorption? Answer: kidneys", "output": [ "On the superior aspect of each kidney is the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex directly influences renal function through the production of the hormone aldosterone to stimulate sodium reabsorption." ] }, { "id": "task593-3455519b52d64bf19c3d2433f97d0ced", "input": "Question: What is the smallest part of a compound? Answer: molecule", "output": [ "A compound is a substance that consists of two or more elements. A compound has a unique composition that is always the same. The smallest particle of a compound is called a molecule." ] }, { "id": "task593-fb37fa39df6b4728858a4896dc94fe36", "input": "Question: What is made up of bands of cells that contract for movement? Answer: muscle tissue", "output": [ "Muscle tissue is made up of bands of cells that contract and allow movement." ] }, { "id": "task593-825de711fbb747f3938e23c8af4563fd", "input": "Question: The vertebrate endoskeleton includes a vertebral column, cranium, limbs, and what else? Answer: limb girdles", "output": [ "Vertebrate Endoskeletons. The vertebrate endoskeleton includes a vertebral column, cranium, limbs, and limb girdles. Can you find these parts in each endoskeleton shown here?." ] }, { "id": "task593-ac9c8d0a4a3342d8af9fc17674169fd6", "input": "Question: What type of bonds do alkanes only contain? Answer: carbon-carbon single bonds", "output": [ "Alkanes contain only carbon-carbon single bonds." ] }, { "id": "task593-96d4556083a34274a324322549420a26", "input": "Question: Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few of? Answer: genes", "output": [ "Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few genes." ] }, { "id": "task593-af36aceb18064f0babacb86b0bbe8c02", "input": "Question: What does the decomposition of dead organisms and organic waste release into the atmosphere, soil, or ocean? Answer: carbon", "output": [ "Decomposition of dead organisms and organic wastes releases carbon back to the atmosphere, soil, or ocean." ] }, { "id": "task593-0c280fc743184049992cd472c007dccb", "input": "Question: Sensory organs that respond to particular sensory stimuli contain cells called what? Answer: sensory receptors", "output": [ "Sensory organs such as the eyes contain cells called sensory receptors that respond to particular sensory stimuli." ] }, { "id": "task593-082362a350774a24a18693f930e8f595", "input": "Question: What do prevailing winds influence? Answer: climate", "output": [ "Prevailing winds are the result of atmospheric circulation cells. They influence the climate of a region." ] }, { "id": "task593-4bd46c8371e64ff2bfc48882b457dc64", "input": "Question: Phosphate groups are found within phospholipids and what else? Answer: nucleotides", "output": [ "Phosphate groups are found within phospholipids and nucleotides." ] }, { "id": "task593-c14366dc75fb4827b7dddf60c435c27e", "input": "Question: What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Answer: presence of a nucleus", "output": [ "The answer depends on if the cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The main difference between the two types of cells is the presence of a nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, DNA lives in the nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-6cc9766eb5cb43b5a1e02a1e780344f7", "input": "Question: A few earthquakes take place away from plate boundaries, these are called what? Answer: intraplate earthquakes", "output": [ "The remaining 5% are scattered around other plate boundaries. A few earthquakes take place away from plate boundaries. These are intraplate earthquakes." ] }, { "id": "task593-8a5559e06c45415ba1b9c4569218b7d5", "input": "Question: What do you call the symbiotic relationship where a parasite benefits while the host is harmed? Answer: parasitism", "output": [ "Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which the parasitic species benefits while the host species is harmed." ] }, { "id": "task593-5e56963cca054173b7105b71d6f92186", "input": "Question: What do you call the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom? Answer: valence electrons", "output": [ "Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom are called valence electrons. They determine many of the properties of an atom, including how reactive it is." ] }, { "id": "task593-6dda7a3bbeec4384ac692599d0f4a836", "input": "Question: When bread bakes, yeast releases which gas? Answer: carbon dioxide", "output": [ "When bread bakes, yeast releases carbon dioxide gas, forming the small holes in bread. The gas was produced by alcoholic fermentation carried out by yeast." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e2ddc855bc541f3b4f925e084f06d02", "input": "Question: What term means the amount of space matter takes up? Answer: volume", "output": [ "The amount of space matter takes up is its volume . How the volume of matter is measured depends on its state." ] }, { "id": "task593-4915202aa8164fe892d04797411b6939", "input": "Question: Segmented worms have a digestive,nervous and what type of system? Answer: circulatory", "output": [ "Segmented worms have a digestive system, nervous system, and circulatory system." ] }, { "id": "task593-e8c05626b75d41a18d35966d8452d423", "input": "Question: What is controlled by both genes and experiences in a given envionment? Answer: animal behaviors", "output": [ "Most animal behaviors are controlled by both genes and experiences in a given environment." ] }, { "id": "task593-ffdc8220a1b841f6b0bf840a57d21078", "input": "Question: What is the unit of liquid measurement in the metric system? Answer: liter", "output": [ "Transition metal ions often involve rearrangements of both d and s electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-896f533daddd47f29cabbe66d5ec3666", "input": "Question: What happens when forces of evolution work over a long period of time? Answer: macroevolution", "output": [ "What happens when forces of evolution work over a long period of time? The answer is macroevolution. An example is the evolution of a new species." ] }, { "id": "task593-7a975a08a46a4fc5adbcb75964c702ca", "input": "Question: What is the bending of waves around a corner called? Answer: diffraction", "output": [ "Diffraction is the bending of waves around a corner." ] }, { "id": "task593-befea1ed51294e79809ccf14a0e963cb", "input": "Question: Large viruses began as what type of cells inside bigger host cells? Answer: parasitic", "output": [ "Large viruses were once parasitic cells inside bigger host cells. Over time, genes needed to survive and reproduce outside host cells were lost." ] }, { "id": "task593-d304811694b64934a8edf3f7131a02f0", "input": "Question: When sparks from a steel grinder react with oxygen, what do they form? Answer: iron oxide", "output": [ "The sparks from a steel grinder are molten iron. The iron reacts with oxygen to form iron(III) oxide." ] }, { "id": "task593-7a2cc6496a5e426e9c39458999b0fe1e", "input": "Question: What division of the nervous system controls involuntary activities that are not emergencies, such as the digestive organs breaking down food? Answer: parasympathetic division", "output": [ "The parasympathetic division controls involuntary activities that are not emergencies. For example, it controls the organs of your digestive system so they can break down the food you eat." ] }, { "id": "task593-140fc7a009f844e19460387e973b8def", "input": "Question: Water can be a solid, liquid, and what other form? Answer: gas", "output": [ "Water can be a solid, liquid, or a gas." ] }, { "id": "task593-361df4a82eed459c8d4c905c59ef8285", "input": "Question: When acellular slime molds swarm, they fuse together to form a single cell with many what? Answer: nuclei", "output": [ "When acellular slime molds swarm, they fuse together to form a single cell with many nuclei." ] }, { "id": "task593-77a2c3900fa24ce7aa6c73a6d5139f09", "input": "Question: Ground subsidence is a consequences of the overuse of what? Answer: groundwater", "output": [ "Ground subsidence is a consequences of groundwater overuse." ] }, { "id": "task593-6bee9d581cdc4e0c8dce8e982fa391f9", "input": "Question: What kind of interactions do polar substances experience? Answer: dipole-dipole interactions", "output": [ "Substances that are polar experience dipole-dipole interactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-ba111c49032c4017827434c81f7af043", "input": "Question: Enzymes - proteins which speed up what? Answer: chemical reactions", "output": [ "enzymes - proteins which speed up chemical reactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-232cf2e6ad444d3aa6376342f0c2acf5", "input": "Question: Upwelling mantle at the mid-ocean ridge pushes plates in which direction? Answer: outward", "output": [ "Plates move for two reasons. Upwelling mantle at the mid-ocean ridge pushes plates outward. Cold lithosphere sinking into the mantle at a subduction zone pulls the rest of the plate down with it." ] }, { "id": "task593-12bea70087fe468aaed1a11cbe4a936e", "input": "Question: What does the human body produce to help digest food? Answer: enzymes", "output": [ "The human body produces many enzymes that help digest food. Here are just two examples." ] }, { "id": "task593-f84926c847c549699e75ad11535008bb", "input": "Question: The part of the shadow in which light is completely blocked is called what? Answer: umbra", "output": [ "The umbra is the part of the shadow in which light is completely blocked." ] }, { "id": "task593-294c5639a29744828aa1da159b784d2d", "input": "Question: How many vertebrae make up the human vertebral column? Answer: 33", "output": [ "Human Vertebral Column and Vertebrae. The human vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae. Two vertebrae are shown here enlarged." ] }, { "id": "task593-d3c5679d4ef24274a3f80a5604c456fe", "input": "Question: Line graphs are especially useful for showing changes over what? Answer: time", "output": [ "Line graphs are especially useful for showing changes over time. The line graph in Figure below shows how distance from school changed over time when some students went on a class trip." ] }, { "id": "task593-21de66a45bfa4e3bb254b7abf88d2389", "input": "Question: Gene expression is regulated primarily at the what level? Answer: transcriptional", "output": [ "Gene expression is regulated primarily at the transcriptional level." ] }, { "id": "task593-e1ffc8019cb749dba7c92a296c7620a0", "input": "Question: Warm water from the equator mixes with cold water from where? Answer: the poles", "output": [ "Water flows through all the world’s oceans. Warm water from the equator mixes with cold water from the poles. The mixing of warm and cold water makes the water temperature moderate." ] }, { "id": "task593-45e5887d1b0942c095326bb63d09cc11", "input": "Question: What is a byproduct from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal and gasoline? Answer: nitrogen dioxide", "output": [ "The brown color is from nitrogen dioxide gas. Nitrogen dioxide is a byproduct from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal and gasoline." ] }, { "id": "task593-8f6aac8ddb3c42b792cd70a3a3b11dbb", "input": "Question: White blood cells called what travel to areas of the body that are inflamed? Answer: phagocytes", "output": [ "White blood cells called phagocytes travel to areas of the body that are inflamed." ] }, { "id": "task593-89535ac860474415a54dc57666278eee", "input": "Question: What can be used to determine the mass of a quantity of material? Answer: molar masses", "output": [ "Molar masses can be used to determine the mass of a given quantity of material." ] }, { "id": "task593-ee899897fac9489292c78c620f5ad02c", "input": "Question: Along with other organelles, all eukaryotic cells possess what structure? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other organelles. Each organelle has a special job to do." ] }, { "id": "task593-1290b884dba0438facffcc6035ff7876", "input": "Question: Each root is made of dermal, ground, and what type of tissue? Answer: vascular", "output": [ "Each root is made of dermal, ground, and vascular tissues." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d24b03fb2b44de09f80fcbff2371fd9", "input": "Question: What are magnetites naturally attracted to? Answer: iron", "output": [ "Magnetite naturally attracts iron nails and filings. Its natural magnetism was discovered thousands of years ago." ] }, { "id": "task593-15c6315935054a3c8f3b9bef4b01892e", "input": "Question: The chemical behavior of elements can largely be explained by what? Answer: electron configurations", "output": [ "The chemical behavior of elements can largely be explained by electron configurations." ] }, { "id": "task593-a00c3fc4d4934be58a19692f50ebcdca", "input": "Question: Covalent solutes separate into what when dissolved? Answer: individual molecules", "output": [ "Ionic solutes separate into individual ions when they dissolve. Covalent solutes separate into individual molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-031320c631db46fea08b916624eb5084", "input": "Question: When the helium is gone, the stars become what? Answer: white dwarfs", "output": [ "When the helium is gone, the stars become white dwarfs." ] }, { "id": "task593-c88ce52ec6d2482288fa67d078cee2d5", "input": "Question: Aids is an infectious disease of which system? Answer: immune", "output": [ "AIDS is an infectious disease of the immune system caused by a virus. Some diseases of the immune system are noninfectious. They include autoimmune diseases and allergies." ] }, { "id": "task593-c8cbff04f38f4916baa64a72fcb6c00e", "input": "Question: Solvation involves surrounding ions with what? Answer: solvent particles", "output": [ "Solvation involves surrounding ions with solvent particles." ] }, { "id": "task593-2d7eea64f1e945c99699a7cd73d4e9f2", "input": "Question: Radioisotopes may vary greatly in their rate of decay, decaying faster if their nuclei are more what? Answer: unstable", "output": [ "Different radioisotopes may vary greatly in their rate of decay. The more unstable their nuclei are, the faster they decay." ] }, { "id": "task593-ad9d78c6a1074d77bdbee9d10506761e", "input": "Question: What two things are used in optical instruments to reflect or refract light? Answer: mirrors and lenses", "output": [ "Mirrors and lenses are used in optical instruments to reflect or refract light. Optical instruments include microscopes, telescopes, cameras, and lasers." ] }, { "id": "task593-21f764d9e4824f69904630dca4568791", "input": "Question: Which part of the brain regulates the rate of breathing? Answer: brain stem", "output": [ "The rate of breathing is regulated by the brain stem. It monitors the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and triggers faster or slower breathing as needed to keep the level within a narrow range." ] }, { "id": "task593-a9f8f0c906c04cd2952efc0729fa77bd", "input": "Question: What do you call a process that uses microorganisms to consume a pollutant? Answer: bioremediation", "output": [ "Cleaning groundwater in an aquifer requires bioremediation or chemical remediation. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to consume a pollutant. Chemical remediation destroys the contaminant." ] }, { "id": "task593-f1d9d706ed8a441facf79a7b651f6aec", "input": "Question: Beryllium hydride consists of a central beryllium atom with two single bonds to what? Answer: hydrogen atoms", "output": [ "Beryllium hydride consists of a central beryllium atom with two single bonds to hydrogen atoms. Recall that it violates the octet rule." ] }, { "id": "task593-b3ee3dd87a11488d9d05149178637d65", "input": "Question: What are biofilms resistant to many common forms of? Answer: sterilization", "output": [ "planktonic counterparts. Overall, biofilms are very difficult to destroy because they are resistant to many common forms of sterilization." ] }, { "id": "task593-d06708cd77af4189a29691a9d099d7eb", "input": "Question: What trophic level are secondary consumers (which eat primary consumers) considered to be? Answer: trophic level 3", "output": [ "Trophic level 3 = secondary consumers that eat primary consumers." ] }, { "id": "task593-9bf026843e884180b125ec051bc3aed5", "input": "Question: What is the point on the ground that is located directly above where underground rocks fracture (or the \"focus\" point)? Answer: epicenter", "output": [ "The focus is where the rocks rupture. The epicenter is the point on the ground directly above the focus." ] }, { "id": "task593-8b63eafb2c2343d0b504e5af19233d77", "input": "Question: What is the field of biology that focuses on the study of inheritance in humans? Answer: human genetics", "output": [ "Human genetics is the field of biology that focuses on the study of inheritance in humans." ] }, { "id": "task593-d74cc13e373247c3a447719cd4cb4d76", "input": "Question: Vinegar is a solution of which acid? Answer: acetic", "output": [ "Figure 14.11 Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid, a weak acid. (credit: modification of work by “HomeSpot HQ”/Flickr)." ] }, { "id": "task593-7b274339f3b7452f897f91a398c74315", "input": "Question: Aging is associated with the death of what? Answer: cells", "output": [ "Aging is associated with the death of cells. Give two reasons why cells die." ] }, { "id": "task593-8f9e96fdce0748d08be1f0db2f28289d", "input": "Question: An electron possesses both particle and these? Answer: wave properties", "output": [ "An electron possesses both particle and wave properties. CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS 1." ] }, { "id": "task593-37eae22c8b6b4f27a9927b09c7833aa4", "input": "Question: What is the largest level of organization? Answer: organism", "output": [ "Levels of organization, from the atom (smallest) to the organism (largest). Notice that organelles are inside a cell, and organs are inside an organism." ] }, { "id": "task593-e81cb43c59784e01a43ebf3c29216cfe", "input": "Question: What type of mammals are humans? Answer: placental mammals", "output": [ "Human beings are mammals. Like other mammals, we have hair and mammary glands. The subclass in which the human species is classified is the placental mammals." ] }, { "id": "task593-786dc16c5c234719aa997ab9be0a66c6", "input": "Question: What is the main difference between prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells ? Answer: the presence of a nucleus", "output": [ "The answer depends on if the cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The main difference between the two types of cells is the presence of a nucleus. And in eukaryotic cells, DNA lives in the nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-8636abd49f0841a9bcfde3078f6806e1", "input": "Question: Most people can survive only a few days without what essential substance? Answer: water", "output": [ "Water is essential to life because biochemical reactions take place in water. Most people can survive only a few days without water." ] }, { "id": "task593-52de9fcdb458476c9ab5107c2614476f", "input": "Question: What are the 3 types of tissues that modern plants have? Answer: dermal, ground, and vascular", "output": [ "Modern plants have three different types of tissues. They are called dermal, ground, and vascular tissues. Each type of tissue has a different function." ] }, { "id": "task593-fa6b8507ab5e46059a9b5d2dd8ed45b8", "input": "Question: Reasoning can be broken down into two categories: deduction and? Answer: induction", "output": [ "Any useful hypothesis will allow predictions based on reasoning. Reasoning can be broken down into two categories: deduction and induction. Most reasoning in science is formed through induction." ] }, { "id": "task593-97984328de194145a19c25de5cc3eabb", "input": "Question: What is produced when sulfur and oxygen combine? Answer: sulfur oxide", "output": [ "Sulfur oxides are produced when sulfur and oxygen combine. This happens when coal that contains sulfur burns." ] }, { "id": "task593-ea789f140812431097f9c3673ee6a2f5", "input": "Question: What is the term for the buildup of electric charge on an object, which can be transferred to another when touched? Answer: static electricity", "output": [ "Static electricity is a buildup of electric charges on objects. It occurs when electrons are transferred from one object to another." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d11587f24dd43fb81cba2031e2f8040", "input": "Question: In a longitudinal wave, what term is a measure of how compressed particles of the medium become when the wave passes through? Answer: amplitude", "output": [ "In a longitudinal wave, amplitude is a measure of how compressed particles of the medium become when the wave passes through. The closer together the particles are, the greater the amplitude." ] }, { "id": "task593-9f0c4a9d9b5e4833a2f6ab68b24dbd50", "input": "Question: What devices convert mechanical energy to electric energy? Answer: electric generators", "output": [ "Electric generators convert mechanical energy to electric energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-f11f3257bb3a44e79e43d711359668f4", "input": "Question: What is the liquid component in blood? Answer: plasma", "output": [ "Blood is a fluid connective tissue that contains a liquid component called plasma." ] }, { "id": "task593-918aa31fb5de46949ffb04e016b266ab", "input": "Question: What is the process by which the remains of living things become fossils? Answer: fossilization", "output": [ "The process by which remains or traces of living things become fossils is called fossilization . Most fossils are preserved in sedimentary rocks." ] }, { "id": "task593-5ab0aef98a1948f4bb29c6c9098fda79", "input": "Question: What property is the result of force acting on a given area? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Pressure is the result of force acting on a given area. It can be represented by the equation:." ] }, { "id": "task593-2c992220f511423bbff8da95cf68ca5f", "input": "Question: How many pairs of legs do arachnids have? Answer: 4", "output": [ "Arachnids have four pairs of legs, specialized appendages, and a fused head and thorax." ] }, { "id": "task593-dfed8561e54245469204a0f3aaf10c50", "input": "Question: Nearly all fish reproduce sexually and have what? Answer: separate sexes", "output": [ "Nearly all fish reproduce sexually and have separate sexes." ] }, { "id": "task593-b5d25b79ca9d4ffdbbd67c1b7343598a", "input": "Question: Chemical equations need to be balanced to satisfy the law of what? Answer: conservation of matter", "output": [ "Chemical equations need to be balanced to satisfy the law of conservation of matter." ] }, { "id": "task593-ea16ccc08b88474eb8226424ab3aa687", "input": "Question: In a magnet, what are the regions called that are the strongest? Answer: poles", "output": [ "A magnet is an object that attracts certain materials such as iron. All magnets have north and south magnetic poles. The poles are regions where the magnet is strongest." ] }, { "id": "task593-8eeb760b19b547e48d5c6a14d2ae9c90", "input": "Question: What are the two classifications of natural resources? Answer: renewable and nonrenewable", "output": [ "From the human point of view, natural resources can be classified as renewable or nonrenewable." ] }, { "id": "task593-f9f45823b23246af8bfc25db35ea234f", "input": "Question: What type of molecule is first broken down in cellular respiration? Answer: glucose molecule", "output": [ "Cellular respiration takes place in the stages shown here. The process begins with a molecule of glucose, which has six carbon atoms. What happens to each of these atoms of carbon?." ] }, { "id": "task593-92d1854c5d284698a9d183c0f389bbbc", "input": "Question: What glands produce the salty fluid that helps cool the body of many mammals? Answer: sweat gland", "output": [ "The skin of many mammals is covered with sweat glands. The glands produce sweat, the salty fluid that helps cool the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ffa81c7b6ce40fa9d86b47710c7a5ac", "input": "Question: Deficiency of what mineral causes bones to become porous and weak? Answer: calcium", "output": [ "disease in which the bones become porous and weak because they do not contain enough calcium." ] }, { "id": "task593-d167449cfc554cbb9c6735469de3b422", "input": "Question: What law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed? Answer: conservation of energy", "output": [ "In any chemical reaction, there is no overall change in the amount of energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is the law of conservation of energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-a66cc30ebe044a0fa223fe2c22504d17", "input": "Question: Air conditioning systems can incubate certain bacteria and what else? Answer: mold", "output": [ "Air conditioning systems that can incubate certain bacteria and mold." ] }, { "id": "task593-4e1b5aefb1f44eaf8a8d2a97f8503551", "input": "Question: What do the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas contribute that aid in digestion? Answer: chemicals", "output": [ "The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas contribute chemicals that aid in digestion." ] }, { "id": "task593-adf96270ceeb4e7fb0618d5d5e296646", "input": "Question: What move the body by contracting against the skeleton? Answer: muscles", "output": [ "Muscles move the body by contracting against the skeleton." ] }, { "id": "task593-d4cdcb4ba91b4890bfc16ae11fa8a94d", "input": "Question: What is mass number? Answer: the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus", "output": [ "All oxygen atoms have eight protons, and most have eight neutrons as well. What is the mass number of an oxygen isotope that has nine neutrons? What is the name of this isotope?." ] }, { "id": "task593-4ecec5e565ec4217aeab0e853ae86bf8", "input": "Question: What takes place at some coastlines or along the equator and brings cool, nutrient-rich water to the surface? Answer: upwelling", "output": [ "Upwelling takes place at some coastlines or along the Equator. Upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich water to the surface." ] }, { "id": "task593-eb08e6145ea54914b7f67dc7c2ee3849", "input": "Question: What changes from heat or pressure during metamorphism? Answer: minerals", "output": [ "Metamorphism does not cause a rock to melt completely. It only causes the minerals to change by heat or pressure. If the rock melts completely, it will cool to become an igneous rock." ] }, { "id": "task593-0f7a5adbd64647b29c603c29f00f1fb7", "input": "Question: What type of tissue covers the outside of a plant? Answer: dermal", "output": [ "Dermal tissue covers the outside of a plant in a single layer of cells called the epidermis. It mediates most of the interactions between a plant and its environment." ] }, { "id": "task593-efd4c2000ad748a083ce99cefd5d5adc", "input": "Question: The explosion of nitroglycerin, which releases large volumes of gases, is what type of reaction? Answer: exothermic", "output": [ "The explosion of nitroglycerin releases large volumes of gases and is very exothermic." ] }, { "id": "task593-010fb6b379e247d483f4112d3e481f83", "input": "Question: What is the process in which cells break down glucose, release the stored energy, and use it to make atp Answer: cellular respiration", "output": [ "Cellular respiration is the process in which cells break down glucose, release the stored energy, and use it to make ATP. The process begins in the cytoplasm and is completed in a mitochondrion." ] }, { "id": "task593-a594ec0757844fd4b89c040b071eceb2", "input": "Question: What type of oceans are hostile to algae and cytoplankton? Answer: warmer", "output": [ "Warmer oceans are hostile to algae and cytoplankton , which are the most important absorbers of carbon dioxide. The loss of these two photosynthesizers would remove the most important natural sink." ] }, { "id": "task593-4628696f327f45cf95162b8279fb6e47", "input": "Question: What is the name of the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts? Answer: pharynx", "output": [ "Pharyngeal slits : Pharyngeal slits are located in the pharynx. The pharynx is the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts." ] }, { "id": "task593-24122284a2b441408b51a6889bf0e661", "input": "Question: Proteins are one of four classes of what type of compounds? Answer: biochemical", "output": [ "Proteins are one of four classes of biochemical compounds. Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur." ] }, { "id": "task593-5208e060b4de4e30b681659090a17cc8", "input": "Question: What is a winding ridge of sand deposited by a stream of meltwater called? Answer: esker", "output": [ "An esker is a winding ridge of sand deposited by a stream of meltwater. Such streams flow underneath a retreating glacier." ] }, { "id": "task593-0248b520db154b16b230f769bd7208c5", "input": "Question: Gases can undergo diffusion, or the opposite, which is what? Answer: effusion", "output": [ "Define diffusion and effusion and how they relate to other properties of gases." ] }, { "id": "task593-7052a2ebfd2e47f8b2ff46d88e79121f", "input": "Question: When gas particles heat up and gain energy, what do they do? Answer: move faster", "output": [ "When gas particles heat up and gain energy, they move faster. This increases their collisions with each other and their container, causing greater pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-33c1abafaf5b4c95bcb13dfe0e4ba557", "input": "Question: What is responsible for the foul smell of rancid butt? Answer: butyric acid", "output": [ "25°C is 4.83. Butyric acid is responsible for the foul smell of rancid butter." ] }, { "id": "task593-a5894f8568d44fbf900c9503a833bd99", "input": "Question: What members of an ecosystem food chain take in food by eating producers or other living things? Answer: consumers", "output": [ "Consumers take in food by eating producers or other living things." ] }, { "id": "task593-86f21b9f188d4751926c25121ceabeff", "input": "Question: Which kind of flowers carry both male and female floral organs? Answer: perfect flowers", "output": [ "Figure 14.25 This image depicts the structure of a perfect and complete flower. Perfect flowers carry both male and female floral organs. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7339262aec544ee958f84cbcf276e57", "input": "Question: What do you call the gently sloped ocean floor nearest the edges of continents? Answer: continental shelf", "output": [ "The continental shelf is the ocean floor nearest the edges of continents. It has a a gentle slope. The water over the continental shelf is shallow." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7153998f27e45a997584ab9859f4754", "input": "Question: What is the smallest class of elements? Answer: metalloids", "output": [ "Metalloids are the smallest class of elements, containing just six elements. They fall between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table." ] }, { "id": "task593-08c0a3d18b40493b911d6827cf86bdd4", "input": "Question: Alkenes have double bonds while alkynes have what? Answer: triple bonds", "output": [ "Alkenes have double bonds; alkynes have triple bonds. Both undergo addition reactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-94f6849a092944b8ac57cb4cc34e0cd0", "input": "Question: Primary alcohols are oxidized to form what? Answer: aldehydes", "output": [ "Primary alcohols are oxidized to form aldehydes." ] }, { "id": "task593-3c9e1b613eb94fd4b60095b5497344a4", "input": "Question: The hamstrings flex the leg, whereas the quadriceps femoris have what effect? Answer: extend", "output": [ "The hamstrings flex the leg, whereas the quadriceps femoris extend it." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e13c15d4af2409985502f41af9281e4", "input": "Question: What are the structural and functional units of the kidney called? Answer: nephrons", "output": [ "Each kidney has more than a million nephrons, which are the structural and functional units of the kidney. Each nephron is like a tiny filtering plant." ] }, { "id": "task593-fd93d4e368cf42da90068528d3d83130", "input": "Question: Dolphins are what type of animal? Answer: mammal", "output": [ "Dolphins are mammals that have adapted to swimming and reproducing in water." ] }, { "id": "task593-7b5ba4600dd546a0abaa199cf5af01b4", "input": "Question: Joules and calories are the units of what? Answer: energy and heat", "output": [ "Joules and calories are the units of energy and heat." ] }, { "id": "task593-a7386cdd696a4a97a90523c361f8d024", "input": "Question: When matter reacts, there can be what that comes from nowhere and is unaccounted for? Answer: mass", "output": [ "When matter reacts, there can be mass that comes from nowhere and is unaccounted for." ] }, { "id": "task593-e5a98770ff2e4ebeab04a0ff138128e0", "input": "Question: What are convection currents that occur far below the surface of the ocean called? Answer: deep currents", "output": [ "Deep currents are convection currents that occur far below the surface. They are caused by differences in the density of ocean water." ] }, { "id": "task593-9121e842d3bd4aad996e0256587c01ae", "input": "Question: An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of what? Answer: volts", "output": [ "An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of volts. It then enters a region traveling perpendicular to a magnetic field of . Calculate the velocity of the electron." ] }, { "id": "task593-1b5fa2be7c06418d9d0137413701128c", "input": "Question: Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur? Answer: chloroplast", "output": [ "Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of the plant cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-b45a473fd58a49f2aa30120c6d6d0f60", "input": "Question: What type of bacteria change nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrates in soil? Answer: nitrogen fixing bacteria", "output": [ "Nitrogen-fixing bacteria change nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrates in soil." ] }, { "id": "task593-d104475c231a4dc88cbf06064380b3c9", "input": "Question: What organs filter blood and form urine? Answer: the kidneys", "output": [ "The kidneys filter blood and form urine. They are part of the urinary system, which also includes the ureters, bladder, and urethra." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7e6b5d741e14d5a86abb3cf1793ae1a", "input": "Question: What is the middle layer that hair pass through before exiting at the surface of the skin? Answer: epidermis", "output": [ "Hair follicles are the structures where hairs originate. Hairs grow out of follicles, pass through the epidermis, and exit at the surface of the skin." ] }, { "id": "task593-b53b652f192648b9830650b726612045", "input": "Question: From the pharynx, air next passes through what structure, also known as the voice box because it contains vocal cords? Answer: larynx", "output": [ "From the pharynx, air next passes through the larynx , or voice box. The larynx contains vocal cords, which allow us to produce vocal sounds." ] }, { "id": "task593-1a38a4a72871461fb1526aef7e416115", "input": "Question: What are the cliffs called which are created when waves erode a rocky shoreline, leaving a vertical wall of exposed rock layers? Answer: wave-cut", "output": [ "Wave-cut cliffs form when waves erode a rocky shoreline. They create a vertical wall of exposed rock layers." ] }, { "id": "task593-0bf600c49e114ae691c340a833e74519", "input": "Question: What is the first classification of igneous rocks? Answer: composition", "output": [ "Igneous rocks are classified first by composition. Categories go from from felsic to ultramafic. Color can indicate composition." ] }, { "id": "task593-2585e053cfc74ac5a8236783d1da2100", "input": "Question: An offspring that inherits a mutation in a gamete will have the mutation in all of its? Answer: cells", "output": [ "Mutations that occur in gametes can be passed on to offspring. An offspring that inherits a mutation in a gamete will have the mutation in all of its cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-92c1046067d24d2599676f743d29ac2d", "input": "Question: What is the small, dense region at the center of the atom that consists of positive protons and neutral neutrons? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "The nucleus is a small, dense region at the center of the atom. It consists of positive protons and neutral neutrons, so it has an overall positive charge." ] }, { "id": "task593-226986e7f739496b946e4c20d51a3015", "input": "Question: What occurs in a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed? Answer: secondary succession", "output": [ "Secondary succession occurs in a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed. Soil is already in place, so pioneer species include small plants such as grasses." ] }, { "id": "task593-90ce391a6b9f43d6989005f8dacaec25", "input": "Question: Which is larger: the human sperm or the human egg? Answer: human egg", "output": [ "A human sperm is a tiny cell with a tail. A human egg is much larger. Both cells are mature haploid gametes that are capable of fertilization. What process is shown in this photograph?." ] }, { "id": "task593-472d4ce477494045ad7d1af22e075990", "input": "Question: Nutrients from food are absorbed by the blood for transport around the body as part of what system? Answer: digestive", "output": [ "In the digestive system, food is digested and its nutrients are absorbed by the blood for transport around the body. The blood is part of the cardiovascular system." ] }, { "id": "task593-f29b599e294a4205aeb7a1d2ab1bf7d9", "input": "Question: X rays and what other type of electromagnetic wave has the shortest wavelengths and the highest frequencies? Answer: gamma rays", "output": [ "On the far right are X rays and gamma rays. The have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies of all electromagnetic waves. They also have the greatest amount of energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-2b6a9ea7b5e94bf191c8b3f77deaa3e5", "input": "Question: Polar molecules result from differences in electronegativity of what in the molecule? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "Polar molecules result from differences in electronegativity of the atoms in the molecule." ] }, { "id": "task593-47bde1a336cd429a8664e6305eb0f707", "input": "Question: What is part of a cycle that holds an element or water for a long period of time called? Answer: a reservoir", "output": [ "Part of a cycle that holds an element or water for a long period of time is called a reservoir . The ocean is a reservoir for water. The deep ocean may hold water for thousands of years." ] }, { "id": "task593-dc0cfe5283e2485086b7a34f3d418594", "input": "Question: What are clouds that form on the ground called? Answer: fog", "output": [ "Clouds form when air in the atmosphere reaches the dew point. Clouds may form anywhere in the troposphere. Clouds that form on the ground are called fog ." ] }, { "id": "task593-ee6a9714d23e4d01abb760591f9fb51d", "input": "Question: Cycling, shoveling snow and cross-country skiing are examples of what kind of heart-strengthening activity? Answer: aerobic", "output": [ "When done regularly, aerobic activities, such as cycling, make the heart stronger. Other aerobic activities include mowing lawn, shoveling snow and cross country skiing." ] }, { "id": "task593-2883eed95df14bb9a1ddafe660e30282", "input": "Question: What class of animals includes the subgroups rodents, carnivores, insectivores, bats, and primates? Answer: mammals", "output": [ "Subgroups of the mammals include rodents, carnivores, insectivores, bats, and primates." ] }, { "id": "task593-2df295b2871a49c5906128eb972d9341", "input": "Question: What kind of potentially harmful compounds can barbecuing food create? Answer: carcinogens", "output": [ "Barbecued foods are cooked at very high temperatures. This may cause carcinogens to form." ] }, { "id": "task593-7d489357dba642468bd354324d65bd7b", "input": "Question: How high or low a sound seems is associated with what property of the sound? Answer: pitch", "output": [ "How high or low a sound seems to a listener is its pitch. Pitch, in turn, depends on the frequency of sound waves." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4d6cff12dcf49a4b633de92cdcf62e8", "input": "Question: How many chambers are in the heart? Answer: four", "output": [ "The atria receive the blood, and the ventricles pump the blood out of the heart. Each of the four chambers of the heart has a specific job." ] }, { "id": "task593-50666aa9cc814f76ac1c3b6068a84c4a", "input": "Question: Stoichiometric coefficients are used in chemical equations to indicate the amounts of reactants and what? Answer: products", "output": [ "Stoichiometric coefficients are used in chemical equations to indicate the amounts of reactants and products." ] }, { "id": "task593-1dc5f3f02a6d4c5f9faf0cbff3f64c0d", "input": "Question: What is the name of the first leaf developed inside an embryo? Answer: cotyledon", "output": [ "The embryo develops from a fertilized egg. While still inside the seed, the embryo forms its first leaf (cotyledon) and starts to develop a stem (hypocotyl) and root (radicle)." ] }, { "id": "task593-18d0f977f1d448518536b3e3e5cf7d3a", "input": "Question: Bone marrow is found inside many bones and produces what? Answer: lymphocytes", "output": [ "Bone marrow is found inside many bones. It produces lymphocytes." ] }, { "id": "task593-b2038c1449c840db874a09bec46eabe4", "input": "Question: What is the most numerous species on the planet? Answer: bacteria", "output": [ "Practically all surfaces. Bacteria can live and grow in practically any environment. It is this ability that has made bacteria the most numerous species on the planet." ] }, { "id": "task593-00bdb1a9f3a347ce99a4ca6545ba0d5a", "input": "Question: What process tends to be external in aquatic species and internal in terrestrial species? Answer: fertilization", "output": [ "Aquatic species generally have external fertilization, whereas terrestrial species usually have internal fertilization." ] }, { "id": "task593-32328f4b0f73463dacfa2b36060952dd", "input": "Question: Equilibriums are affected by changes in concentration, total pressure or volume, and this? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "Equilibriums are affected by changes in concentration, total pressure or volume, and temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-85701bfa04eb4da58b356293c869bebf", "input": "Question: What do herbivores eat? Answer: plants", "output": [ "Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat meat, and omnivores eat both." ] }, { "id": "task593-58999e7bffb14c4baea9732dc73067b6", "input": "Question: What kind of reaction is needed to prepare amides? Answer: carboxylic acid reaction", "output": [ "Amides are prepared by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with ammonia or an amine." ] }, { "id": "task593-362e511a3e3b4c05b28c7c98acff154b", "input": "Question: What are small gnawing mammals such as rats and mice called? Answer: rodents", "output": [ "Rodents include rats, mice, and other small gnawing mammals. They have a single pair of continuously growing incisors (teeth) in each of the upper and lower jaws that must be kept short by gnawing." ] }, { "id": "task593-5afe89c856bd4c6197f8dc1b8a577bff", "input": "Question: Water is formed from oxygen and what other element? Answer: hydrogen", "output": [ "When hydrogen gas is reacted with oxygen gas, water is formed as the product." ] }, { "id": "task593-415fbcef5cdf4046819abdbb62d7edab", "input": "Question: What substance can be identified by their atomic number and mass number? Answer: elements", "output": [ "Elements can be identified by their atomic number and mass number." ] }, { "id": "task593-1485c9f33d22402faaaeab5ba3c88ae5", "input": "Question: Acids are molecular compounds that dissolve in water to produce hydronium ions and what else? Answer: an anion", "output": [ "Acids are molecular compounds that dissolve in water to produce hydronium ions and an anion." ] }, { "id": "task593-3ca05b97760a4e9b8ea2da77eb9d79fa", "input": "Question: Each lymph organ has a different job in what system? Answer: immune", "output": [ "Each lymph organ has a different job in the immune system." ] }, { "id": "task593-02e710acb3684ebeaa5bd43972a046c9", "input": "Question: Inserting copies of normal genes into a patient with defective genes is known as? Answer: gene therapy", "output": [ "treat genetic disorders. For example, copies of a normal gene might be inserted into a patient with a defective gene. This is called gene therapy . Ideally, it can cure a genetic disorder." ] }, { "id": "task593-d29269b0f00b4f15b28f58bf895a535b", "input": "Question: Like animals, protozoa are heterotrophic and capable of what? Answer: moving", "output": [ "Like animals, protozoa are heterotrophic and capable of moving." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d7359a6f03c4f7686dcefc49772c073", "input": "Question: What is transmitted that makes up the electromagnetic spectrum? Answer: electromagnetic radiation in different wavelengths", "output": [ "Electromagnetic radiation is energy transmitted as waves with different wavelengths. This makes up the electromagnetic spectrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-0e423d92a8a544219f0369fadf218082", "input": "Question: The lungs, kidneys, skin, and large intestine are all part of what organ system? Answer: excretory", "output": [ "Organs of the excretory system include the kidneys, large intestine, skin, and lungs." ] }, { "id": "task593-d918cacb3cb24ee38e4ae677ed1bdbf7", "input": "Question: Light moving from air into water is bent ___________ the normal? Answer: more", "output": [ "Light moving from air into water is bent ___________ the normal." ] }, { "id": "task593-5abd744087584d5f9becf69b3c7569ae", "input": "Question: Where do plates move apart in oceans and on land? Answer: divergent plate boundaries", "output": [ "Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries. This can occur in the oceans or on land." ] }, { "id": "task593-5a71231656364737bd2d1161899ef2e0", "input": "Question: Whan an alkene is aquired by an alkyl halide in an organic reaction, what kind of reaction is this? Answer: elimination", "output": [ "When an alkene is acquired by an alkyl halide during an organic reaction. An example of elimination reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-485faa82b741446c9c959f3c3282f03d", "input": "Question: Nuclear reactors use fission reactions to vaporize water, producing steam to drive a turbine and generate what? Answer: electricity", "output": [ "Nuclear reactors use fission reactions to vaporize water. The resulting steam is used to drive a turbine, which generates electricity." ] }, { "id": "task593-73299008547f4cb39beb809a21bbe450", "input": "Question: What kind of compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion? Answer: ionic compounds", "output": [ "Ionic compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion." ] }, { "id": "task593-e07a2c1ea08c4529b98e6ce5e22236e2", "input": "Question: What part of the cell helps it keep its shape? Answer: cytoskeleton", "output": [ "cytoskeleton. This is a network of fibers and tubules that crisscrosses the cytoplasm. The cytoskeleton helps the cell keep its shape." ] }, { "id": "task593-8fc866de90c7422c973f1f2457dd39b0", "input": "Question: All cells have certain parts in common. these parts include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, dna, and what? Answer: ribosomes", "output": [ "All cells have certain parts in common. These parts include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-ff84fde1091448039daedd4029459a77", "input": "Question: Which element has an atomic number of 16? Answer: sulfur", "output": [ "The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Therefore, in a neutral atom of sulfur, there are 16 electrons. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books." ] }, { "id": "task593-47b7f2a718d24d82bf90f6749256f4f3", "input": "Question: The electronic components in electronic devices, used to transmit and change electricity are made of? Answer: semiconductors", "output": [ "Electronic components are the parts used in electronic devices such as computers. The components transmit and change electric current. They are made of materials called semiconductors." ] }, { "id": "task593-86fc330951924f19bf6da2f9edf81080", "input": "Question: Stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence, fusing hydrogen into what? Answer: helium", "output": [ "Stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence, fusing hydrogen into helium." ] }, { "id": "task593-09220c941fc440d1bc05f39a408c1ca2", "input": "Question: Plants, algae and bacteria are all examples of what type of organism? Answer: photosynthetic", "output": [ "Photosynthetic organisms include plants, algae, and some bacteria." ] }, { "id": "task593-a48fba735419429da4faf22669da924d", "input": "Question: Alkenes can react with what to form alcohols? Answer: water", "output": [ "Alkenes can react with water to form alcohols." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ae4816c1c6c49c096fdb8dfe806ec1d", "input": "Question: Which law means that the simplest of competing theories is most likely to be correct? Answer: law of parsimony", "output": [ "The formation of scientific theories is generally guided by the law of parsimony. According to this law, the simplest of competing theories is most likely to be correct." ] }, { "id": "task593-25026c11aec84fe780c6ed5c3646f90a", "input": "Question: What substance can be eroded by wind or water? Answer: soil", "output": [ "Soil and water are renewable resources but may be ruined by careless human actions. Soil can be depleted of nutrients. It can also be eroded by wind or water." ] }, { "id": "task593-7419f8ad47e74a5e8b8a03772010c277", "input": "Question: What kind of charge does a neutron have? Answer: neutral", "output": [ "neutrons, which are neutral in electric charge." ] }, { "id": "task593-8a106cd01bc2435aaad5be1a00a61c0f", "input": "Question: According to the english system measurement, how much is equal to 2 pints, 1 quart, and ¼ of a gallon? Answer: 4 cups", "output": [ "Many quantities can be expressed in several different ways. The English system measurement of 4 cups is also equal to 2 pints, 1 quart, and ¼ of a gallon." ] }, { "id": "task593-3cb8ae8f410e4df99403530796c98d3d", "input": "Question: Footprints, burrows, and waste are considered what type of fossils? Answer: trace fossils", "output": [ "Preserved traces can include footprints, burrows, or even wastes. Examples of these types of fossils, called trace fossils are picture below ( Figure below and Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-d1960173426c412fa1becfcd4b419b2a", "input": "Question: What allows giraffes to reach leaves that other ground animals cannot? Answer: long necks", "output": [ "African Giraffes. Giraffes feed on leaves high in trees. Their long necks allow them to reach leaves that other ground animals cannot." ] }, { "id": "task593-97576513635448908675598c2f37d52c", "input": "Question: What does cartilage lack compared to bones, making it softer and less rigid? Answer: calcium", "output": [ "Skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. Cartilage is supportive tissue that does not have as much calcium as bones, which makes bones rigid. Cartilage is softer and more flexible than bone." ] }, { "id": "task593-e1245a715a5f4c5290731b5b02592b18", "input": "Question: Defined as a difference in electric potential energy, a source of what is required in order to produce an electrical current? Answer: voltage", "output": [ "Current requires a source of voltage, which is a difference in electric potential energy. Sources of voltage include chemical cells and solar cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-87ce5ee61d1e485f8e924d8fcae891e6", "input": "Question: Cirrus, stratus, and cumulus are the main types of what? Answer: clouds", "output": [ "Clouds are classified on the basis of where and how they form. Three main types of clouds are cirrus, stratus, and cumulus. Figure below shows these and other types of clouds." ] }, { "id": "task593-ce4f961c074d4f4aafa49fd9b8b661de", "input": "Question: What term refers to larger evolutionary changes that result in new species? Answer: macroevolution", "output": [ "Macroevolution refers to larger evolutionary changes that result in new species." ] }, { "id": "task593-15b6c980d9794e678464c5274f65e7ee", "input": "Question: Bacteria are often used to make cheese from what? Answer: milk", "output": [ "Bacteria are often used to make cheese from milk. But making foods is not the only beneficial role of bacteria. For example, they also play an essential role in your gut!." ] }, { "id": "task593-1342929d724c4c928ce002650b5d5c74", "input": "Question: How long does it take for earth to rotate on it's axis one time? Answer: 24 hours", "output": [ "Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours." ] }, { "id": "task593-df2187e79b514ed9b70f8336f417d5f1", "input": "Question: What is the name for the organs behind the head of a fish that absorb oxygen from water? Answer: gills", "output": [ "Fish have gills. Gills are organs behind the head that absorb oxygen from water. Water enters through the mouth, passes over the gills, and then exits the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-ba8f583b15ea4cfeb354402a0ff9b2c9", "input": "Question: Coal is a solid hydrocarbon formed from what type of decaying material? Answer: plant", "output": [ "Coal is a solid hydrocarbon formed from decaying plant material over millions of years." ] }, { "id": "task593-0dc416edd4394021aff402937f97987c", "input": "Question: What effect is responsible for flight paths looking curved? Answer: coriolis effect", "output": [ "Zappy's. Flight paths look curved due to the Coriolis effect . CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-6c3cffb08cd141168719474cda6d4c5e", "input": "Question: What level is greater than 7 in a basic solution? Answer: ph", "output": [ "The solution is basic and so its pH is greater than 7. The reported pH is rounded to two decimal places because the original mass and volume has two significant figures." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ec028d0cef24e3bab72f5ab2b794135", "input": "Question: What is the modern periodic table based on? Answer: atomic number", "output": [ "The modern periodic table is based on atomic number. Elements in each period go from metals on the left to metalloids and then nonmetals on the right. Within groups, elements have similar properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-2326eca5041b4fb696ef9523a2f664bd", "input": "Question: What physical property of matter reflects how closely packed the particles of matter are? Answer: density", "output": [ "Density is an important physical property of matter. It reflects how closely packed the particles of matter are." ] }, { "id": "task593-cc022e39ebfd4c839c059bab5f8cc08f", "input": "Question: What do you call the zone in a body of water where there is too little sunlight for photosynthesis? Answer: aphotic zone", "output": [ "Neurons are usually classified based on the role they play in the body. Two main types of neurons are sensory neurons and motor neurons." ] }, { "id": "task593-de72a71672204b93971ee682b61ecbd9", "input": "Question: What is the leading cause of lung cancer? Answer: tobacco smoke", "output": [ "Tobacco smoke contains dozens of carcinogens, including nicotine and formaldehyde. Exposure to tobacco smoke is the leading cause of lung cancer." ] }, { "id": "task593-620caf677d89472e94fb3b19076363b1", "input": "Question: What occurs over a large area when a rock is buried or compressed? Answer: regional metamorphism", "output": [ "Regional metamorphism occurs over a large area when a rock is buried or compressed." ] }, { "id": "task593-f2a1e2907fb24836b6b25c5e961c949a", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe a chemical released by an animal that affects the behavior or physiology of animals of the same species? Answer: pheromone", "output": [ "The amount of material left over after a certain number of half-lives can be easily calculated." ] }, { "id": "task593-eed7a77e74b74bb7a18af6df31fd1de6", "input": "Question: Which direction from the source do pollutants in an aquifer spread? Answer: outward", "output": [ "Pollutants that enter an aquifer spread outward from the source. They spread in the direction the water is moving." ] }, { "id": "task593-8e4bd2058f474b149972b0c3ebb55822", "input": "Question: Strangeness, charm, bottomness, and topness are properties of what subatomic particle? Answer: quarks", "output": [ "± symbols are the values for antiquarks. B is baryon number, S is strangeness, c is charm, b is bottomness, t is topness. Values are approximate, are not directly observable, and vary with model." ] }, { "id": "task593-5ada4f1bef314de4847af9c1c9280644", "input": "Question: When waves of two different frequencies interfere, what phenomenon occurs? Answer: beating", "output": [ "When waves of two different frequencies interfere, a phenomenon known as beating occurs. The frequency of a beat is the difference of the two frequencies." ] }, { "id": "task593-abbf1cf865ab41b3826a2cff5d20fedd", "input": "Question: How many sperm does it take to fertilize an egg? Answer: 1", "output": [ "It might only take one sperm to fertilize an egg, but that sperm is not alone. Hundreds of millions of sperm can be released during sexual intercourse." ] }, { "id": "task593-042c3c4a80804cc48a842a40f9721302", "input": "Question: Regularly performing weight-bearing exercise can reduce the risk of what condition that affects bones? Answer: osteoporosis", "output": [ "Regular weight-bearing exercise can reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Apply lesson concepts to explain why." ] }, { "id": "task593-590afe0bc3594fb29299e03b29fcd60b", "input": "Question: Name the type of system that a jellyfish does not have? Answer: circulatory", "output": [ "The half-life of titanium-44 is 60.0 y. A sample of titanium contains 0.600 g of titanium-44. How much remains after 100.0 y?." ] }, { "id": "task593-bb7f71802ca342eaa413055e4e961bb6", "input": "Question: Cody's velocity is zero so therefore he doesn't have what? Answer: momentum", "output": [ "A : Cody has no momentum as he stands there because he isn’t moving. In other words, his velocity is zero. However, Cody will gain momentum as he starts moving down the ramp and picks up speed." ] }, { "id": "task593-8f83fdf23819466ead6f32bb528684d7", "input": "Question: Mountain ranges, plateaus, and plains are features of what large landforms? Answer: continents", "output": [ "Features of continents include mountain ranges, plateaus, and plains." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4be5debff464a66863a2c80e46462a6", "input": "Question: Fractures, rickets, and osteoarthritis all affect what part(s) of the body? Answer: bones", "output": [ "Despite their hardness and strength, bones can suffer from injury and disease. Bone problems include fractures, osteoarthritis, and rickets." ] }, { "id": "task593-5d8321a7e28f46e7a69d05ea7e481ea1", "input": "Question: How many centimeters are in a meter? Answer: 100", "output": [ "500. mm is equivalent to 0.5 m." ] }, { "id": "task593-f81d2c21baab4103b39ad4acf0bba066", "input": "Question: Which factor ruins renewable resources like soil and water? Answer: careless human action", "output": [ "Theoretically, soil and water are renewable resources. However, they may be ruined by careless human actions." ] }, { "id": "task593-3d2fd0dac1aa4368ab3d4f1c4e78a6ac", "input": "Question: A fish's stream-lined body that reduces water resistance is an example of what kind of response to an aquatic lifestyle? Answer: adaptation", "output": [ "Many structures in fish are adaptations for their aquatic lifestyle. For example, fish have a stream-lined body that reduces water resistance while swimming." ] }, { "id": "task593-cc947e77155140d48b085b4c9d2c6d49", "input": "Question: Because core electrons are closer to the nucleus, they are not involved in what? Answer: bonding", "output": [ "Core electrons are the electrons that are closer to the nucleus and therefore do not participate in bonding." ] }, { "id": "task593-6dc2c630e5a94f1f9a12927ea843467f", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe the ability of matter to burn? Answer: flammability", "output": [ "Flammability is the ability of matter to burn. When matter burns, it combines with oxygen and changes to different substances. Wood is an example of flammable matter, as seen in Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-1443f6750b8647398b9dd2e466e9ffee", "input": "Question: How many types of tissue are found in animals? Answer: four", "output": [ "Muscle tissue is one of the four types of tissue found in animals. There are three different types of muscle in the body ( Figure below ):." ] }, { "id": "task593-fb2d91e3c4254a5f9a006f1754c5692a", "input": "Question: What do they call 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in the gasoline industry? Answer: isooctane", "output": [ "In the gasoline industry, what is called isooctane is actually 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Draw the structure of isooctane." ] }, { "id": "task593-506d13f9b21c453186db9baad507b6e0", "input": "Question: What should you learn that allows you to recognize and avoid the dangers of specific hazards when experimenting, such as flames or broken glass? Answer: lab safety symbols", "output": [ "Lab safety symbols warn of specific hazards, such as flames or broken glass. Knowing the symbols allows you to recognize and avoid the dangers." ] }, { "id": "task593-0c99d75d36044fc19c63ad5c8b40c591", "input": "Question: Many metals react with acids to produce what gas? Answer: hydrogen", "output": [ "Many metals react with acids to produce hydrogen gas. A certain reaction produces 86.5 L of hydrogen gas at STP. How many moles of hydrogen were produced?." ] }, { "id": "task593-4fdb792c912a4b218fc91acb1c0acb67", "input": "Question: What helps deposit the material in caves as stalactites, stalagmites, and columns Answer: groundwater", "output": [ "Groundwater deposits the material in caves as stalactites, stalagmites, and columns." ] }, { "id": "task593-e0c56abce1dd4dbd858af0991eb76860", "input": "Question: Homes and transportation use what percent of all energy in the u.s.? Answer: half (fifty)", "output": [ "About half the energy used in the U. S. is used in homes and for transportation. Businesses, stores, and industry use the other half." ] }, { "id": "task593-b001f4957a2b45baa21b815e0d2abeb3", "input": "Question: What does the secretion of the hormone cholecystokinin stimulate the release of? Answer: pancreatic juices, bile", "output": [ "Secretion of the hormone cholecystokinin, which stimulates release of pancreatic juices and bile." ] }, { "id": "task593-469ff035bac34c598a285b4e3a44c5ae", "input": "Question: What is the term for the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid? Answer: the melting point", "output": [ "The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid." ] }, { "id": "task593-6723b2c6bd6e4121b27d87d02ff7b6be", "input": "Question: Which part of the earth is made of the rigid, brittle, solid crust and uppermost mantle? Answer: lithosphere", "output": [ "The lithosphere is made of the rigid, brittle, solid crust and uppermost mantle." ] }, { "id": "task593-62e7d5c3104f4db886a439899bdb57cd", "input": "Question: What is the mass of one mole of any given substance? Answer: molar mass", "output": [ "Molar mass is the mass of one mole of any given substance." ] }, { "id": "task593-05bc1246d50e4ea3839123f27b80229e", "input": "Question: What is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms? Answer: the cell", "output": [ "the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms,." ] }, { "id": "task593-75b95c9f30664a7ea5ea27efa088bd05", "input": "Question: How do bacteria reproduce? Answer: binary fission", "output": [ "New mitochondria and chloroplasts are produced through a process similar to binary fission . Bacteria also reproduce through binary fission." ] }, { "id": "task593-db60266b346545f48476f224a24c7de2", "input": "Question: What are biochemical compounds, such as fats and oils, that consist of fatty acids and store energy? Answer: lipids", "output": [ "Lipids are biochemical compounds such as fats and oils. They consist of fatty acids, which may saturated or unsaturated. Lipids are used to store energy. They also make up cell membranes." ] }, { "id": "task593-6c7cc36501fc41e29de3ab0328563533", "input": "Question: What is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do? Answer: biogeography", "output": [ "Biogeography is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do. It provides more evidence for evolution. Let’s consider the camel family as an example." ] }, { "id": "task593-f9e8198f26a9484089e7f27ac686203e", "input": "Question: Heat, electricity, or light might provide what necessary input to the process of decomposition? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Most decomposition reactions require an input of energy in the form of heat, light, or electricity." ] }, { "id": "task593-72331c813d584f3a9623ce913de3b67a", "input": "Question: What organ eliminates solid wastes that remain after the digestion of food? Answer: the large intestine", "output": [ "The large intestine eliminates solid wastes that remain after the digestion of food." ] }, { "id": "task593-d9102584c2b44914992434bc66fec604", "input": "Question: In binary fission how many times does a cell split? Answer: two", "output": [ "In binary fission, a cell splits in two. First, the large circular chromosome is copied. Then the cell divides to form two new daughter cells. Each has a copy of the parent cell's chromosome." ] }, { "id": "task593-03b55e2a8c5d4f0782d7fb0259b6f0b1", "input": "Question: If the temperature of a gas sample is decreased, what happens to the volume? Answer: decreases", "output": [ "If the temperature of a gas sample is decreased, the volume decreases as well." ] }, { "id": "task593-59933202293e4699a0c50c9b41670473", "input": "Question: What form does formaldehyde take at room temperature? Answer: gas", "output": [ "Formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature. Acetaldehyde boils at 20°C; in an open vessel, it boils away in a warm room. Most other common aldehydes are liquids at room temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-369f5565112e47888e586acdd4f33dc8", "input": "Question: Amides are actually formed by bringing together an amine-containing molecule and molecule containing what? Answer: carboxylic acid", "output": [ "Amides are actually formed by bringing together an amine-containing molecule and a carboxylic acidcontaining molecule. A molecule of H2O is lost, much like when an ester forms:." ] }, { "id": "task593-b00706bf9e004c8990de2b9c2ea88269", "input": "Question: What can destroy living cells, produce mutations and cause cancer? Answer: gamma rays", "output": [ "Gamma rays can destroy living cells, produce mutations, and cause cancer. They can be used to treat cancer by focusing the deadly rays on cancer cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-493c6c20cfff4e75a37da537ad098320", "input": "Question: Pharmacist and surveyor are two career options based in what type of science? Answer: physical", "output": [ "There are many career options in physical science. Examples include pharmacist and surveyor." ] }, { "id": "task593-7a3720f398394de2815995503b637970", "input": "Question: The global biosphere includes all areas of what? Answer: life", "output": [ "The global biosphere, which includes all areas that contain life, from the sea to the atmosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-6eab472804494a8e9af7b1a5728d4676", "input": "Question: What occurs when hot magma transforms rock that it contacts? Answer: contact metamorphism", "output": [ "Contact metamorphism occurs when hot magma transforms rock that it contacts." ] }, { "id": "task593-905c5a4c0fcb4d4cb53755c1ced412ae", "input": "Question: Bacterial stis can be cured with what? Answer: antibiotics", "output": [ "Most STIs are caused by bacteria or viruses. Bacterial STIs can be cured with antibiotics. Viral STIs cannot be cured. Once you are infected with a viral STI, you are likely to be infected for life." ] }, { "id": "task593-1573c1082c56452c88c684c2528ca708", "input": "Question: What is the energy called that is stored in matter? Answer: potential", "output": [ "Potential energy is energy stored in matter." ] }, { "id": "task593-9c40e620c19a42288b349a4585f21085", "input": "Question: When does sublimation occur? Answer: when the ice and snow change directly into water vapors", "output": [ "Sublimation occurs when ice and snow change directly to water vapor. This also happens because of heat from the sun." ] }, { "id": "task593-9a11f1b97ffc402fad1b4bf5ec4fba99", "input": "Question: Are humans a new or old species on the earth? Answer: new", "output": [ "This timeline shows the history of life on Earth. In the entire span of the time, humans are a relatively new addition." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e4ecd0c70584ab69ca10052c59d2d3b", "input": "Question: Fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm come together to form a what? Answer: zygote", "output": [ "Fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm come together to form a zygote." ] }, { "id": "task593-ac00483d4c514a6a969ff8c3efe975ed", "input": "Question: What evolutionary process may affect the distribution of a polygenic trait? Answer: natural selection", "output": [ "Natural Selection for a Polygenic Trait. Natural selection may affect the distribution of a polygenic trait. These graphs show three ways this can happen." ] }, { "id": "task593-8553d9d301574c8aac8354d25fac4d42", "input": "Question: Sickle-cell anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, and hemophilia are examples of what types of disease? Answer: blood disease", "output": [ "Blood diseases include sickle-cell anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, and hemophilia." ] }, { "id": "task593-9616dce32b474293916819592d88a0a8", "input": "Question: What gems are created by mollusks, such as oysters? Answer: pearls", "output": [ "Pearls are highly valued as gemstones. Most gemstones come from the Earth, but pearls come from living things. They are created by mollusks, such as oysters." ] }, { "id": "task593-eaa33d57136347bc93b1394947e6a25c", "input": "Question: What is the ability of an atom to emit charged particles and energy from its nucleus called? Answer: radioactivity", "output": [ "Radioactivity is the ability of an atom to emit charged particles and energy from its nucleus. The charged particles and energy are called by the general term radiation." ] }, { "id": "task593-c537ded287ce4970b8f0bf11cc6da266", "input": "Question: What influences the types of plants and animals that inhabit a specific biome? Answer: climate", "output": [ "Climate influences the types of plants and animals that inhabit a specific biome." ] }, { "id": "task593-be9ea1e282eb417da8b46bdc5a7e562f", "input": "Question: What describes how close an estimate is to a known standard? Answer: accuracy", "output": [ "Accuracy describes how close an estimate is to a known standard." ] }, { "id": "task593-41fcc4e3ec39434b8d09b67771e4737a", "input": "Question: Smog is a visible form of what? Answer: air pollution", "output": [ "Smog clouds the city of Los Angeles, California. Visible air pollution in the form of smog is a sign that the air is unhealthy." ] }, { "id": "task593-0cf880db0fe844288c398599afbf0670", "input": "Question: What do molecules need to do for a reaction to take place? Answer: collide", "output": [ "Molecules need to collide in order for a reaction to take place." ] }, { "id": "task593-3861e6e708c142bf85af2d3a0fecc52e", "input": "Question: What type electrical circuits have multiple paths the current may take? Answer: parallel", "output": [ "Parallel electrical circuits have multiple paths the current may take." ] }, { "id": "task593-e07cb44226b04476acf3bb5b2cf0ab94", "input": "Question: Most modern seed plants are angiosperms that produce seeds in the what of flowers? Answer: ovaries", "output": [ "Most modern seed plants are angiosperms that produce seeds in the ovaries of flowers." ] }, { "id": "task593-ef7696e8e362443aa3ba3fb0d04aac3a", "input": "Question: The rate the magma cools determines what property of the rock? Answer: texture", "output": [ "The rate the magma cools determines the texture of the rock." ] }, { "id": "task593-70a25b48e47c4c3989b07831a7d3a237", "input": "Question: What long molecules are composed of chains of units called monomers? Answer: polymers", "output": [ "Polymers are long molecules composed of chains of units called monomers." ] }, { "id": "task593-a8c39bf475994c4dad65ef7c37f8652f", "input": "Question: What is the charge on a single electron known as? Answer: elementary charge", "output": [ "The charge on a single electron is and is known as the elementary charge." ] }, { "id": "task593-81b132e0570e4aa4ad5ee33efa682a5b", "input": "Question: What is the evolutionary history of group of related organisms Answer: phylogeny", "output": [ "Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of group of related organisms. It is represented by a phylogenetic tree that shows how species are related to each other through common ancestors." ] }, { "id": "task593-c54ad29577a04d089d29ab6de4dac5c4", "input": "Question: What is the name of the magnetic material found in lava? Answer: magnetite", "output": [ "Magnetite is a magnetic mineral found in lava. The magnetite points to the magnetic north pole when it cools." ] }, { "id": "task593-595b9c13defa4d5c90994e41ac17c319", "input": "Question: The theory that establishes the concepts of atoms and how they compose matter is called what? Answer: modern atomic theory", "output": [ "The modern atomic theory establishes the concepts of atoms and how they compose matter." ] }, { "id": "task593-5a4c589df87a4f388f211479dae38ee6", "input": "Question: What is the touch response in plants called? Answer: thigmotropism", "output": [ "The surface temperature of most stars is due to their size. Bigger stars produce more energy, so their surfaces are hotter. But some very small stars are very hot. Some very big stars are cool." ] }, { "id": "task593-eacc5367bc6b442db4864f921516a97d", "input": "Question: Which process helps absorptive protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes? Answer: diffusion", "output": [ "Absorptive protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes. This occurs by diffusion. These protists are important decomposers." ] }, { "id": "task593-36ac14d3070b42e4a30292a5ec120297", "input": "Question: The frequency of a wave is the reciprocal of what other attribute of the wave? Answer: period", "output": [ "The period of a wave and its frequency are reciprocals of each other." ] }, { "id": "task593-2640d35cce4e439a8687132ec9d587fc", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe major changes in the genetic material? Answer: chromosomal alterations", "output": [ "Chromosomal Alterations. Chromosomal alterations are major changes in the genetic material." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ecbb5959149480e8954c2e8b9b62505", "input": "Question: What parts of the planet does solar energy have difficulty reaching? Answer: poles", "output": [ "Much less solar energy gets to the poles." ] }, { "id": "task593-5652db862cdc4f4d9faf0f9e656e668e", "input": "Question: Electron configurations are a shorthand method of indicating what subshells electrons occupy in these? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "Electron configurations are a shorthand method of indicating what subshells electrons occupy in atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-9c0c0f30832f450c941c0e91634f60d9", "input": "Question: When a glacier no longer moves, what is it called? Answer: an ice sheet", "output": [ "Glaciers are melting back in many locations around the world. When a glacier no longer moves, it is called an ice sheet. This usually happens when it is less than 0.1 km2 in area and 50 m thick." ] }, { "id": "task593-5a56b142aeca4ec89299435a84fc171f", "input": "Question: Real gases deviate from ideal form at high pressure and what other thermodynamic condition? Answer: low temperatures", "output": [ "Real gases deviate from ideal gases at high pressures and at low temperatures." ] }, { "id": "task593-414d6570ac7346639796fae129fa77fe", "input": "Question: Chemical symbols are useful to concisely represent the elements present in a substance. the letters usually come from the name of what? Answer: element", "output": [ "Chemical symbols are useful to concisely represent the elements present in a substance. The letters usually come from the name of the element." ] }, { "id": "task593-1c943717643e4f6e9b047a3279f801f4", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe the full range of electromagnetic waves? Answer: electromagnetic spectrum", "output": [ "Electromagnetic waves vary in their wavelength, frequency, and energy. The full range of electromagnetic waves makes up the electromagnetic spectrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-5f5ef6a4fe8242b28b20fd07818702b7", "input": "Question: Warming conditions and, perhaps, human activities contributed to what fate of many organisms of the pleistocene era? Answer: extinction", "output": [ "Many of the organisms that made up the Pleistocene megafauna went extinct as conditions warmed. Some may have been driven to extinction by human activities." ] }, { "id": "task593-57790650bd474a069d0d6745d21cd573", "input": "Question: What type of taste do bases normally have? Answer: bitter", "output": [ "Bases often have a bitter taste and are found in foods less frequently than acids. Many bases, like soaps, are slippery to the touch." ] }, { "id": "task593-40ed72c2cb424c84a2cdf7fc3aa3fcdf", "input": "Question: What is the general name for the homogeneous mixture that is formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent? Answer: solution", "output": [ "A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which a solute dissolves in a solvent. Water is a very common solvent, especially in organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-41377acd394b4fc6871ed158e0b21664", "input": "Question: Does deforestation increase or decrease carbon dioxide levels around the world? Answer: increase", "output": [ "Jami Dwyer. Deforestation creates significant increases in carbon dioxide levels around the world . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-b42bed5cf60344f2adf637898ffb37d2", "input": "Question: Muscarinic receptors can cause both depolarization or hyperpolarization depending on the what? Answer: subtype", "output": [ "Nicotinic receptor causes depolarization. Muscarinic receptors can cause both depolarization or hyperpolarization depending on the subtype." ] }, { "id": "task593-a81418df4efb408ba613d2e12eb4a32d", "input": "Question: How many fingers do apes have on each hand? Answer: five", "output": [ "Humans and apes have five fingers they can use to grasp objects. Do you think these are analogous or homologous structures? Explain." ] }, { "id": "task593-80ad3c4df15d4a309d16a424302ae734", "input": "Question: The rate of decay of carbon-14 does what over time? Answer: remains stable", "output": [ "The rate of decay of carbon-14 is stable over time." ] }, { "id": "task593-d67e810c506f434ea678174a2218d10c", "input": "Question: Which part of the body has mucus and hair to trap dust and also warms and moistens air so to not harm lung tissue? Answer: the nose", "output": [ "In the nose, mucus and hairs trap any dust or other particles in the air. The air is also warmed and moistened so it won’t harm delicate tissues of the lungs." ] }, { "id": "task593-e7fde3caa8334508b18287d51bd4cf7b", "input": "Question: Examples of organ systems in a human include the skeletal, nervous, and what? Answer: reproductive systems", "output": [ "Organ system : Group of organs that work together to perform a certain function. Examples of organ systems in a human include the skeletal, nervous, and reproductive systems." ] }, { "id": "task593-335b3bf24394465eb1358323942039a1", "input": "Question: What is the role of the sodium ion in the neutralization reaction of sodium flouride? Answer: spectator ion", "output": [ "Since sodium fluoride is soluble, the sodium ion is a spectator ion in the neutralization reaction. The fluoride ion is capable of reacting, to a small extent, with water, accepting a proton." ] }, { "id": "task593-c93a708daa164df3b67dff41636b547a", "input": "Question: Mass and volume are examples of what kind of properties? Answer: extensive properties", "output": [ "Mass and volume are examples of extensive properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-6c2f1660ecf94e47b9211ec276a52ad0", "input": "Question: Speciation, convergent evolution, and coevolution are types of what process? Answer: macroevolution", "output": [ "Macroevolution occurs when microevolution takes place over a long period of time. Types of macroevolution include speciation, convergent evolution, and coevolution." ] }, { "id": "task593-ce908ddd040146e1ae98c2105be0ae34", "input": "Question: What type of animal that eats only or mainly insects? Answer: heterotrophic", "output": [ "heterotrophic animal that eats only or mainly insects." ] }, { "id": "task593-af67669b59d144899bf297511a0a6c24", "input": "Question: During what type of reproduction do two haploid gametes join in the process of fertilization to produce a diploid zygote? Answer: sexual reproduction", "output": [ "During sexual reproduction, two haploid gametes join in the process of fertilization to produce a diploid zygote." ] }, { "id": "task593-9b028833eb48417ebedd70cd8625b545", "input": "Question: When salinity and pressure increase, or when temperature decreases, what happens to water density? Answer: increases", "output": [ "Water density increases as salinity and pressure increase, or as temperature decreases." ] }, { "id": "task593-47ed428f2ce4475cba1a1b3e146e63f6", "input": "Question: What do omnivores eat? Answer: plants & animals", "output": [ "Omnivores are heterotrophs that consume both plants and animals. They include crows and human beings. The grizzly bears pictured in Figure below are also omnivores." ] }, { "id": "task593-cabf86b9fadd47e59d427e126ec336a2", "input": "Question: What are materials that have high resistance to electric current called? Answer: electric insulators", "output": [ "Materials that have high resistance to electric current are called electric insulators . Wood, rubber, and plastic are examples of electric insulators. Dry air is also an electric insulator." ] }, { "id": "task593-8051eb84155d4d05882f6e2c9ae1c68a", "input": "Question: What are changes in makeup and chemical properties of matter called? Answer: chemical changes", "output": [ "Chemical changes are changes in the makeup and chemical properties of matter. An example of a chemical change is wood burning." ] }, { "id": "task593-42e8a6f1f9b14e2da620b02a41265363", "input": "Question: Ultraviolet radiation has the highest energy; which has the lowest? Answer: infrared", "output": [ "Ultraviolet radiation has the highest energy; infrared the lowest." ] }, { "id": "task593-3f93e7299e2340ccbfe627e5aa732ccf", "input": "Question: When does the nucleus divide? Answer: mitosis", "output": [ "The nucleus divides during mitosis, and the cytoplasm divides during cytokinesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-87cbef8edeac48138bf3e44d5f784125", "input": "Question: Which human body system controls the amount of water in the body and removes wastes? Answer: urinary system", "output": [ "The urinary system controls the amount of water in the body and removes wastes. Any problem with the urinary system can also affect many other body systems." ] }, { "id": "task593-06731f1d75004a2f8e274a7c83325f3b", "input": "Question: Which vertebrates were the first with four limbs? Answer: amphibians (or tetrapods)", "output": [ "Amphibians are the first true tetrapods, or vertebrates with four limbs." ] }, { "id": "task593-68eb836056f944078752198730ea37d6", "input": "Question: What compound is formed when there are sparking electrical equipment? Answer: ozone", "output": [ "The sharp odor associated with sparking electrical equipment is due, in part, to ozone." ] }, { "id": "task593-02b306f3b929479d924329c0d715b425", "input": "Question: What are bacteria and archaea examples of? Answer: prokaryotes", "output": [ "Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea. An individual prokaryote consists of a single cell without a nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-a0440c6158884dcead842fce53db6e0d", "input": "Question: The two stages of photosynthesis are the light reactions and what? Answer: calvin cycle", "output": [ "The two stages of photosynthesis are the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Do you see how the two stages are related?." ] }, { "id": "task593-0263394833694f87a6d2e874b519ba81", "input": "Question: When methane burns, what is produced along with carbon dioxide? Answer: water", "output": [ "Compounds can also react with oxygen, possibly creating oxides of more than one element. When methane burns, carbon dioxide and water are produced." ] }, { "id": "task593-483f60f2d66b416eb7830c9792b6700a", "input": "Question: What is the name of the black opening in the eye that lets light enter? Answer: pupil", "output": [ "Next, light passes through the pupil. The pupil is a black opening in the eye that lets light enter the eye." ] }, { "id": "task593-bb58df50762544db9cd58694c03808f4", "input": "Question: Electrons are organized into shells and subshells about the nucleus of this? Answer: atom", "output": [ "Electrons are organized into shells and subshells about the nucleus of an atom." ] }, { "id": "task593-a60384e149ba40abac0c89e8aefb5bb7", "input": "Question: Alkenes react with what to form dihalides? Answer: halogens", "output": [ "Alkenes can react with halogens to form dihalides." ] }, { "id": "task593-3c3b223031cb420499af44846cdab5d2", "input": "Question: When the volume of a gas is decreased, what happens to its pressure? Answer: increases", "output": [ "When the volume of a gas is decreased, its pressure is increased." ] }, { "id": "task593-f05628b0fecb4b0abe8e325818b6d26d", "input": "Question: What is defined as superheated gas with a positive electrical charge? Answer: plasma", "output": [ "The Sun is made mostly of plasma. Plasma is superheated gas with a positive electrical charge." ] }, { "id": "task593-658f2b47d6eb4ced8e01ad6f075c49d0", "input": "Question: A transformer has two coils, electrically insulated from each other. one coil is called the primary coil and the other is called the what? Answer: secondary coil", "output": [ "A transformer has two coils, electrically insulated from each other. One coil is called the primary coil and the other is called the secondary coil." ] }, { "id": "task593-99db383306eb414fa510a09afa9ecd15", "input": "Question: An atomic symbol is used to represent what? Answer: element", "output": [ "Elements are represented by an atomic symbol." ] }, { "id": "task593-2dd38d88dabc401f98236580339a3ebd", "input": "Question: The heart, blood vessels, and blood make up which system in the body? Answer: cardiovascular", "output": [ "The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood." ] }, { "id": "task593-87b8222ae3ff46d6972962700c00f520", "input": "Question: What are plastids that contain other pigments? Answer: chromoplasts", "output": [ "Chromoplasts are plastids that contain other pigments. These other pigments give flowers and fruits their colors." ] }, { "id": "task593-514b44ad73c84afa872dd51983093856", "input": "Question: An axe head and a doorstop are types of what simple machine? Answer: wedge", "output": [ "The axe head and the doorstop are both examples of a wedge, a type of simple machine." ] }, { "id": "task593-6ad75ff900b44613a9576ae837d03f92", "input": "Question: Matter can be classified on the basis of how what interacts with it? Answer: light", "output": [ "Matter can be classified on the basis of how light interacts with it. Matter may be transparent, translucent, or opaque. Each type of matter is illustrated in Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-6e8143e2300a44b6b672a08b26aeba73", "input": "Question: What do atoms become if they lose or gain electrons? Answer: ions", "output": [ "Atoms are electrically neutral, but if they lose or gain electrons they become charged particles called ions." ] }, { "id": "task593-c15361758aa440e49f5d740f55c502ce", "input": "Question: Heterotrophic organisms use organic compounds, usually from other organisms, as a source of what basic element of life? Answer: carbon", "output": [ "Heterotrophic organisms use organic compounds, usually from other organisms, as carbon sources." ] }, { "id": "task593-b29f9acc2b2a4af3b8ac8e617f1c1eb0", "input": "Question: What remains a constant of radioactive substance over time? Answer: rate of decay", "output": [ "The rate of decay of a radioactive substance is constant over time." ] }, { "id": "task593-d5881eece5974959af72aa924761b65f", "input": "Question: Neurons are classified based on the direction in which they carry what? Answer: nerve impulses", "output": [ "Neurons are classified based on the direction in which they carry nerve impulses." ] }, { "id": "task593-f666810eeb4649f696e9dc65339c181b", "input": "Question: Changing the shape of an elastic material gives it what type of energy? Answer: potential", "output": [ "Changing the shape of an elastic material gives it potential energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d8cbaefd1154bab9398f900f7907730", "input": "Question: When do hammerhead sharks usually hunt? Answer: at night", "output": [ "Figure 29.11 Hammerhead sharks tend to school during the day and hunt prey at night. (credit: Masashi Sugawara)." ] }, { "id": "task593-03f13ec036ec4121a64c19abc1e74af9", "input": "Question: What may have developed to help our ancestors distinguish between ripe and unripe fruits? Answer: color vision", "output": [ "McKay Savage. Color vision may have developed to help our ancestors distinguish between ripe and unripe fruits . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-9921cedf0cad45009f029118ad181a72", "input": "Question: Where in the female body does egg production take place? Answer: ovaries", "output": [ "Egg production takes place in the ovaries. It occurs in several steps:." ] }, { "id": "task593-5cc7e3ff8c504b308ea474d29ad56ee2", "input": "Question: Oncogenes are involved in the formation of what disease? Answer: cancer", "output": [ "Oncogenes are genes involved in cancer formation." ] }, { "id": "task593-a8e11d41b64642528d460a559e4c9752", "input": "Question: Along with climate, this also influences the type of vegetation that can grow in the region? Answer: soil type", "output": [ "Soil type also influences the type of vegetation that can grow in the region. We can identify climate types by the types of plants that grow there." ] }, { "id": "task593-feea9997c37f4a9ba026210abfdb8576", "input": "Question: How do heavy alkanes affect the skin? Answer: form a protective layer", "output": [ "Lighter alkanes wash away protective skin oils; heavier alkanes form a protective layer." ] }, { "id": "task593-07463e1eacde41c59bda4ed67ade68c9", "input": "Question: Aerobic exercise helps improve the cardiovascular system, while what exercise causes muscles to get bigger and stronger? Answer: anaerobic", "output": [ "Aerobic exercise helps improve the cardiovascular system, while anaerobic exercise causes muscles to get bigger and stronger." ] }, { "id": "task593-baa17272e67b4920950f6238016388a0", "input": "Question: Living organisms release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by what method? Answer: cellular respiration", "output": [ "Cellular respiration by living things releases carbon into the atmosphere or ocean as carbon dioxide." ] }, { "id": "task593-02385dfea2354348a34da6f4c542f58c", "input": "Question: What kind of change occurs whenever matter changes into an entirely different substance with different chemical properties? Answer: chemical change", "output": [ "A chemical change occurs whenever matter changes into an entirely different substance with different chemical properties. Burning is an example of a chemical change." ] }, { "id": "task593-d110bb15f8d944a89066a93eab07aaf9", "input": "Question: What landform occurs most often along plate boundaries? Answer: volcanoes", "output": [ "Volcanoes occur most often along plate boundaries." ] }, { "id": "task593-f70dba3536b54a388e88c35aa7613b08", "input": "Question: In their pure form, all elements have an oxidation number of what? Answer: zero", "output": [ "All elements have an oxidation number of zero in their pure form." ] }, { "id": "task593-d308dbafdc834df1805e8229807e88ee", "input": "Question: Eutherian mammals possess a specialized structure called the corpus callosum that links what hemispheres? Answer: cerebral", "output": [ "possess a single, undivided lobe. Eutherian mammals also possess a specialized structure that links the two cerebral hemispheres, called the corpus callosum." ] }, { "id": "task593-62d5d01423684377a3c64a12c96aac8e", "input": "Question: On a hot, dry day, plants close their stomata to conserve what? Answer: water", "output": [ "ART CONNECTION QUESTIONS 1. Figure 5.7 On a hot, dry day, plants close their stomata to conserve water. What impact will this have on photosynthesis?." ] }, { "id": "task593-511bcd1321fc4bb3bf1fc26e8885bf1c", "input": "Question: What causes blue litmus to turn red? Answer: acid", "output": [ "Acids change the color of certain acid-base indicators. Two common indicators are litmus and phenolphthalein. Blue litmus turns red in the presence of an acid, while phenolphthalein turns colorless." ] }, { "id": "task593-f704bf2f520f40c1a243ad633ce11e7b", "input": "Question: What are considered to be the most basic concepts in the field of physical science? Answer: matter and energy", "output": [ "Matter and energy are the most basic concepts in physical science. Watch this video about matter and energy, and then answer the questions below." ] }, { "id": "task593-a2975da022994d5ba9afdc619b944135", "input": "Question: Monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals are subclasses of what? Answer: mammals", "output": [ "Monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals are subclasses of mammals. Almost all living mammals are placental mammals, which are divided into many orders." ] }, { "id": "task593-b27a1a0e4ef448a5ad2fdaf0bf1d5e33", "input": "Question: Where would you find most pollution of ocean water? Answer: coastline", "output": [ "Ocean water is most polluted along coasts. That’s because pollution usually enters the water from land. Oil spills also pollute ocean water." ] }, { "id": "task593-fff43ba716dd4aa8b524c608a19a0b79", "input": "Question: What type of respiration does not use oxygen? Answer: fermentation", "output": [ "Fermented Foods. Fermentation is a type of respiration that doesn’t use oxygen. Fermentation by bacteria is used in brewing and baking. It is also used to make the foods pictured here." ] }, { "id": "task593-0cb0f3d321a8448181a3af30fd4e0c80", "input": "Question: What are the key cells of an immune response? Answer: lymphocytes", "output": [ "Courtesy of Dr. Triche and the National Cancer Institute. Lymphocytes are the key cells of an immune response . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-cd2fbf92fd2b48d0b1c16f69e0f4d41a", "input": "Question: What are non-renewable sources of energy that produce environmental damage? Answer: fossil fuels", "output": [ "Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that produce environmental damage." ] }, { "id": "task593-60d1db55360240db8a28843c6dc3f988", "input": "Question: What forces keep the moon orbiting the earth? Answer: gravitational", "output": [ "This photograph was taken by Apollo 8 crewmember Bill Anders on December 24, 1968, showing the Earth rising above the lunar surface. Gravitational forces keep the moon orbiting the Earth." ] }, { "id": "task593-82a43f2f0db947efaa014d2ec728aaf1", "input": "Question: What do we call the movement of individuals into a population from other areas? Answer: immigration", "output": [ "Immigration is the movement of individuals into a population from other areas. This increases the population size and growth rate." ] }, { "id": "task593-e8067f402bff44f7b434c06b06801d67", "input": "Question: What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? Answer: rough & smooth", "output": [ "There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. They are called rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Both types are shown in Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-295dd9b58c5e411abfa046301a4d1894", "input": "Question: Comparing what sequences provides clues to evolution and development? Answer: genome", "output": [ "21.6 Comparing genome sequences provides clues to evolution and development." ] }, { "id": "task593-6a59cb6e463546d08933c134546c9653", "input": "Question: What do refrigerator magnets contain that make them stick to a refrigerator door? Answer: iron", "output": [ "Refrigerator magnets stick to a refrigerator door because it contains iron. Why won’t the magnets stick to wooden cabinet doors?." ] }, { "id": "task593-08d4b9bd97a241889c370a30f7335e0f", "input": "Question: When magma heats groundwater, it may come to the surface as a hot spring or a what? Answer: geyser", "output": [ "When magma heats groundwater, it may come to the surface as a hot spring or a geyser." ] }, { "id": "task593-5d156a3d2a0a449ca7e7cafe6fcf0527", "input": "Question: About how many grams of carbohydrates are in a typical apple? Answer: 20", "output": [ "An apple contains about 20 grams of carbohydrates. How much energy does it provide?." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ce9a57587b249e7b79401b051889a20", "input": "Question: What warms the base of the mantle creating convection currents there? Answer: the hot core", "output": [ "The hot core warms the base of the mantle, which creates convection currents in the mantle." ] }, { "id": "task593-71f9631065ba4469afb86b57067ee08e", "input": "Question: Which competition leads to one species going extinct or both becoming more specialized? Answer: interspecific", "output": [ "Interspecific competition occurs between members of different species. It may lead to one species going extinct or both becoming more specialized." ] }, { "id": "task593-2203cb9a232744a0a76463d3914a32ef", "input": "Question: A turbine using tides in the ocean can create what type of energy? Answer: electricity", "output": [ "Tides in the ocean can also turn a turbine to create electricity. This energy can then be stored until needed ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-573d63ce8a5441fc958b8d0eee54a1e0", "input": "Question: What do you call sound that has a wave frequency higher than the human ear can detect? Answer: ultrasound", "output": [ "Ultrasound is sound that has a wave frequency higher than the human ear can detect. It includes all sounds with wave frequencies higher than 20,000 waves per second, or 20,000 hertz (Hz)." ] }, { "id": "task593-4e48f668766c4428b1f66f58e9319766", "input": "Question: What are drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes formed by? Answer: glaciers", "output": [ "Drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes are features made of glacial till." ] }, { "id": "task593-fcf894157ac349d08d1e04f41e014079", "input": "Question: What does an electric conductor cross to generate current? Answer: magnetic field lines", "output": [ "A changing magnetic field produces an electric current in the process of electromagnetic induction. Current is generated whenever an electric conductor crosses magnetic field lines." ] }, { "id": "task593-c5bd1b274d11400c9f4fc5fb4ce9155b", "input": "Question: Along with other functions, what do carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids provide for the body? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids provide energy and have other important roles in the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-63028c604418426f80d85975539fc601", "input": "Question: What type of cancer can the use of tanning beds lead to? Answer: skin cancer", "output": [ "You can reduce your risk of developing cancer by staying away from certain hazards. For example, the use of tanning beds can lead to skin cancer." ] }, { "id": "task593-e7ff8562337a4ca48b12daa6e8cafba8", "input": "Question: What are jellyfish and other cnidarian's stingers called? Answer: nematocysts", "output": [ "Cnidarians such as jellyfish have radial symmetry. Flatworms and roundworms, which you will read about next, have bilateral symmetry." ] }, { "id": "task593-786937a9a95f4c149db040a96e8428ab", "input": "Question: What is the name of a microorganism that is considered important for living resources in all ecosystem? Answer: bacteria", "output": [ "Microorganisms such as bacteria are important living resources in all ecosystems. They recycle nutrients and other matter." ] }, { "id": "task593-a2075d8fc2ec43fd9cfa7531ddfe2761", "input": "Question: Which state of matter has the lowest density? Answer: gases", "output": [ "Gases have much lower densities than liquids and solids. For example, liquid water is over 1000 times more dense than water vapor at STP." ] }, { "id": "task593-8124d6a3f2294af8bffdb0467e76a96a", "input": "Question: Both endocytosis and ______ are active transport processes. Answer: exocytosis", "output": [ "Both endocytosis and exocytosis are active transport processes." ] }, { "id": "task593-b21e5a253e7b4fcebdddda79ce6128c0", "input": "Question: What layer is below the lithosphere and in the upper mantle? Answer: asthenosphere", "output": [ "Below the lithosphere is the asthenosphere . The asthenosphere is also in the upper mantle. This layer is solid, but it can flow and bend. A solid that can flow is like silly putty." ] }, { "id": "task593-d721eaf86b8e46af969511872aaafc5a", "input": "Question: The distance between corresponding points of adjacent waves is known as the __________ Answer: wavelength", "output": [ "Wavelength is the distance between corresponding points of adjacent waves. Wavelengths of electromagnetic waves range from many kilometers to a tiny fraction of a millimeter." ] }, { "id": "task593-6bd9762bf8854a54968de0d3a9aca9dd", "input": "Question: Most ecosystems are disturbed too often to attain what final, stable status? Answer: climax community", "output": [ "Most ecosystems are disturbed too often to attain a final, stable climax community." ] }, { "id": "task593-58bbcbebd01f42f5a1ebe6b6a0a1c04e", "input": "Question: Organs, vessels, and lymph make up what system? Answer: lymphatic", "output": [ "The lymphatic system consists of organs, vessels, and lymph." ] }, { "id": "task593-9608be517d0c4232a7d4d28977d9c0b9", "input": "Question: The structure of a neuron allows it to rapidly transmit nerve impulses to other what? Answer: cells", "output": [ "The structure of a neuron allows it to rapidly transmit nerve impulses to other cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c5ffca020944e8fb1eae780140bd1b6", "input": "Question: What kind of energy is released when the nucleus of an atom is split? Answer: nuclear", "output": [ "Nuclear energy is released when the nucleus of an atom is split." ] }, { "id": "task593-ea91423e34884638bea505c173c86e71", "input": "Question: What is a push or a pull acting on an object? Answer: force", "output": [ "Force is a push or a pull acting on an object. Examples of force include friction and gravity. Force is a vector because it has both size and direction. The SI unit of force is the newton (N)." ] }, { "id": "task593-81789bc94090448fbb4508046f00336d", "input": "Question: Platinum and gold are useful materials for constructing circuits because of their ability to resist what? Answer: oxidation", "output": [ "If something is MULTIcolored, it has many colors." ] }, { "id": "task593-935788f570af48b4a59cbf3dcd3643fb", "input": "Question: What is the name of the order that salamanders belong to? Answer: urodela", "output": [ "Salamanders belong to a group of approximately 500 species of amphibians. The order Urodela, containing salamanders and newts, is divided into three suborders:." ] }, { "id": "task593-158aa011270c46709f751f25630e5fd7", "input": "Question: Diagnosing and treating cancer is a beneficial use of what potentially dangerous energy? Answer: radiation", "output": [ "Radiation has several important uses, including diagnosing and treating cancer." ] }, { "id": "task593-434cda192f4e40a189cf2f3665c4c1d1", "input": "Question: In a tropical rainforest, where are ferns common? Answer: understory", "output": [ "Photography by Kat. Ferns are common in the understory of the tropical rainforest . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-15a8004fd7404a3b99831dfde6d40c78", "input": "Question: When a balloon is rubbed against hair, why do they attract each other? Answer: opposite electron charge", "output": [ "Electrons are transferred from hair to a balloon rubbed against the hair. Then the oppositely charged hair and balloon attract each other." ] }, { "id": "task593-060d7e1c8d0a4455931a91286b7a1f28", "input": "Question: What gives the body shape and support? Answer: skeleon", "output": [ "The skeleton supports the body and gives it shape. It has several other functions as well, including:." ] }, { "id": "task593-ea68a48fb3cd4ca3be085da53aa82479", "input": "Question: What do osteoblasts secrete that mineralizes to become bone matrix? Answer: collagen", "output": [ "Osteoblasts make new bone cells and secrete collagen that mineralizes to become bone matrix. They are responsible for bone growth and the uptake of minerals from the blood." ] }, { "id": "task593-135c87be8d1144a8a2e849a26682633a", "input": "Question: What is the continental margin made of? Answer: continental crust", "output": [ "continental margin : The transition from the land to the deep sea. The continental margin is made of continental crust. More than one-quarter of the ocean basin is continental margin." ] }, { "id": "task593-4ee1dd96836e4babac1525d42159e759", "input": "Question: Which lymphoid organ is situated in the upper chest? Answer: thymus", "output": [ "The thymus is located in the upper chest behind the breast bone. It stores and matures lymphocytes." ] }, { "id": "task593-3d05f875c0d14e95850220f039250f11", "input": "Question: When do female reproductive organs mature? Answer: at puberty", "output": [ "Female reproductive organs form before birth. However, they do not mature until puberty." ] }, { "id": "task593-0e0d9ca703074a99a1c5188f3903b295", "input": "Question: What is another term for chemical messenger molecules? Answer: hormones", "output": [ "an endocrine system with glands that secrete chemical messenger molecules called hormones." ] }, { "id": "task593-f65b81c43c3d4bc893f3c5ce7ff2d4cb", "input": "Question: What structure shows the bonding between atoms, with dots representing available electrons? Answer: lewis structure", "output": [ "Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each substance. Double or triple bonds may be needed." ] }, { "id": "task593-f660e7ef22934ec79778e5d233b52246", "input": "Question: Changing levels of what substances partly explain emotional ups and downs in teens? Answer: hormones", "output": [ "Many teens have emotional ups and downs. This is at least partly due to their changing hormone levels." ] }, { "id": "task593-0a4c325166f248bd85450b27ef3b8649", "input": "Question: What is the small intestine lined with that helps with nutrient absorption? Answer: villi", "output": [ "Image copyright Sebastian Kaulitzki, 2013. The small intestine is lined with tiny villi that help absorb nutrients . Used under license from Shutterstock. com." ] }, { "id": "task593-4c3c6b6b51114403a86db2c18d144149", "input": "Question: What is the minimum number of times a partial lunar eclipse will occur each year? Answer: two", "output": [ "Partial lunar eclipses occur at least twice a year, but total lunar eclipses are less common. The Moon glows with a dull red coloring during a total lunar eclipse ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-c8049adf8aad48deae518ef5900bb15a", "input": "Question: The body cells cannot use insulin properly in which type of diabetes? Answer: type 2 diabetes", "output": [ "In type 2 diabetes, the body cells cannot use insulin properly." ] }, { "id": "task593-4190e0a56d1046b7b1812dd9f7fd53fe", "input": "Question: What allows for a large and mature fetus before birth, resulting from a long period of fetal growth in the uterus? Answer: the placenta", "output": [ "The placenta permits a long period of fetal growth in the uterus. As a result, the fetus can become large and mature before birth. This increases its chances of surviving." ] }, { "id": "task593-c8004ca920c542a9ba2b53f1329d9dbe", "input": "Question: What organism is responsible for most decomposition in forest? Answer: fungi", "output": [ "Most fungi are decomposers. They are the main decomposers in forests. Many fungi have symbiotic relationships with other species." ] }, { "id": "task593-b71f86e512ca44a795ff0830c6720192", "input": "Question: What part of the rainforest commonly has ferns and other ground plants? Answer: understory", "output": [ "Ferns are common in the understory of the tropical rainforest." ] }, { "id": "task593-9f70c44eb780436eac6440e78d8e2e77", "input": "Question: The rate of flow of charge in an electrical circuit is known as what? Answer: current", "output": [ "Figure 20.2 The rate of flow of charge is current. An ampere is the flow of one coulomb through an area in one second." ] }, { "id": "task593-5cef8d97093549c2af3ed11b2306c209", "input": "Question: Fertilizer runoff can create what type of zones in the ocean? Answer: dead zones", "output": [ "Fertilizer runoff can create dead zones in the ocean." ] }, { "id": "task593-850c85fbcafb4064b211058439ac6a63", "input": "Question: What types of glands do only female mammals have? Answer: mammary", "output": [ "Two traits are used to define the mammal class. They are fur or hair and mammary glands in females." ] }, { "id": "task593-736c16fe705e4f289107b3c8e1218795", "input": "Question: Acne and different types of cancer can affect what large organ? Answer: skin", "output": [ "Common skin problems include acne and skin cancer." ] }, { "id": "task593-301d7d449e8c48efbe139343a84de3df", "input": "Question: Adulthood is divided into how many stages? Answer: three", "output": [ "Adulthood is divided into the stages of early, middle, and late adulthood." ] }, { "id": "task593-4579c9067ea24d2fb3c33af78378c763", "input": "Question: At what point can nutrients enter or exit an ecosystem? Answer: any point", "output": [ "Nutrients can enter or exit an ecosystem at any point and can cycle around the planet." ] }, { "id": "task593-61f81c05ff7c4e95985dc2819a420314", "input": "Question: What is the name of the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra? Answer: vas deferens", "output": [ "The vas deferens is a tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra." ] }, { "id": "task593-7ef1e77e3f4b4517a29d8d73a06ec059", "input": "Question: Ground tissue forms the interior of the stem. the large central vacuoles of ground tissue cells fill with water to support the plant. the cells may also store what? Answer: food", "output": [ "Ground tissue forms the interior of the stem. The large central vacuoles of ground tissue cells fill with water to support the plant. The cells may also store food." ] }, { "id": "task593-a3e2b5fc17d8458ebc4d8166d7046767", "input": "Question: Name the plant considered to be the ancestor of plants? Answer: green algae", "output": [ "The ancestor of plants is green algae. This picture shows a close up of algae on the beach." ] }, { "id": "task593-f597f9a843014cdf9d2dedab507e9a4e", "input": "Question: All solutions contain at least how many substances? Answer: two", "output": [ "All solutions contain at least two substances." ] }, { "id": "task593-163ab0672d71459f8ba4286d42c58330", "input": "Question: How many years ago may the earliest fungi have evolved? Answer: 600 million", "output": [ "The earliest fungi may have evolved about 600 million years ago." ] }, { "id": "task593-0001c73498e5458994afe299789c0e73", "input": "Question: Ice masses, acquifers, and the deep ocean are examples of water what? Answer: reservoirs", "output": [ "The atmosphere is an exchange pool for water. Ice masses, aquifers, and the deep ocean are water reservoirs." ] }, { "id": "task593-f44828ebe8564fa2a0ca7a538defc90e", "input": "Question: What is the color of mercury oxide? Answer: red", "output": [ "Mercury(II) oxide is a red solid. When it is heated, it decomposes into mercury metal and oxygen gas." ] }, { "id": "task593-6440c902d5764dd4bcf81e31fabdc96e", "input": "Question: What is the primary gas produced from burning of wood? Answer: carbon dioxide", "output": [ "When wood burns, it changes to ashes, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. You can see ashes in the wood fire pictured here. The gases are invisible." ] }, { "id": "task593-3fa00f06167e462b9b9c76c1948f17e2", "input": "Question: In eukaryotic cells, where is the dna kept? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is kept in the nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. Within the nucleus is the nucleolus." ] }, { "id": "task593-73ed6ccb0a5e4e0aad924fcdf8c4cefc", "input": "Question: What is beyond the atmosphere? Answer: space", "output": [ "The chapter focuses on the atmosphere. Beyond the atmosphere is space. The next chapter introduces the study of space." ] }, { "id": "task593-20e9e240fe59406c982aad800db96a05", "input": "Question: Why do butterfly fish have fake eyespots? Answer: confuse predators", "output": [ "Butterfly fish like this one have “fake” eyespots. The eyespots may confuse larger predators long enough for the butterfly fish to escape." ] }, { "id": "task593-587afda9ac7e49a294455007cf39b741", "input": "Question: What kind of movement do planets in the solar system make around the sun? Answer: elliptical orbits", "output": [ "Flickr:Image Editor. Planets in the solar system make elliptical orbits around the Sun . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-19bd0e1d51494df6ae122f9102816fd3", "input": "Question: What is a controlled scientific test that often takes place in a lab? Answer: an experiment", "output": [ "An experiment is a controlled scientific test that often takes place in a lab. It investigates the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable." ] }, { "id": "task593-ddf42f593f484d74900fcf81c3acafb8", "input": "Question: Circadian rhythms and migration are examples of what kind of behaviors in animals? Answer: cyclic", "output": [ "Many animal behaviors occur in a regular cycle. Two types of cyclic behaviors are circadian rhythms and migration." ] }, { "id": "task593-98b8683b4f41455ea017b02e9cee7291", "input": "Question: What are the largest phylum in the animal kingdom? Answer: arthropods", "output": [ "Arthropods are the largest phylum in the animal kingdom." ] }, { "id": "task593-fb053337bd5a4e2eb062de135b6bcbd6", "input": "Question: How do we describe chemical reactions? Answer: chemical equations", "output": [ "Chemical reactions are described using chemical equations." ] }, { "id": "task593-87b7a3164bd148b295e5468757c6df33", "input": "Question: Which types of compounds are more likely to burn easily? Answer: covalent", "output": [ "Many covalent compounds, especially those containing carbon and hydrogen, burn easily. In contrast, many ionic compounds do not burn." ] }, { "id": "task593-6f6549c9cfa04a6aa2a8823dbafe810e", "input": "Question: Wavelength and frequency are defined in the same way for electromagnetic waves as they are for which other waves? Answer: mechanical", "output": [ "Wavelength and frequency are defined in the same way for electromagnetic waves as they are for mechanical waves. Both properties are illustrated in Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-e707084a5c5548e592b0841fac15649c", "input": "Question: All cells need what for energy? Answer: glucose", "output": [ "Glucose is a substance that passes across cell membranes by facilitated diffusion. All cells need glucose for energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-a371eaac1088469f85e12b0d054e5f58", "input": "Question: What is the study of matter and energy referred to as? Answer: physical science", "output": [ "Physical science is the study of matter and energy. It includes chemistry, which focuses on matter, and physics, which focuses on energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-13d4e353bb8c482ba566783a51ad71bb", "input": "Question: What are the largest phylum of the animal kingdom? Answer: arthropods", "output": [ "Two chemical species combine to produce a new compound. The general expression for this reaction is A + B → C." ] }, { "id": "task593-4eca019c2a9943d592ebc18cb3d0196a", "input": "Question: What holds together the small molecules called nucleotides which make up nucleic acids? Answer: covalent bonds", "output": [ "Nucleic acids consist of chains of small molecules called nucleotides, which are held together by covalent bonds." ] }, { "id": "task593-db10433c72a9480abc38ac46db38592c", "input": "Question: What happens during the process of digestion? Answer: breakdown of food", "output": [ "The digestive system consists of organs that break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. The breakdown of food occurs in the process of digestion." ] }, { "id": "task593-b33f8f89390f4a8b801fc2c3903deddf", "input": "Question: Cirrus, stratus, and cumulus are types of what? Answer: clouds", "output": [ "Cloud types include cirrus, stratus, and cumulus." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d4b81ca63b94bb48bd7b2d4276ea3ef", "input": "Question: Transform faults are the site of massive what? Answer: earthquakes", "output": [ "Transform faults are the site of massive earthquakes." ] }, { "id": "task593-658289e2aff5403a811d3632a2abd9af", "input": "Question: When a mountain stream flows onto flatter land and comes to a stop rapidly, what do the deposits form? Answer: alluvial fan", "output": [ "In arid regions, a mountain stream may flow onto flatter land. The stream comes to a stop rapidly. The deposits form an alluvial fan ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-42e6a49b13b1484aafdb8fc7579d1b29", "input": "Question: Puberty and other physical changes occurs during which stage of development? Answer: adolescence", "output": [ "Adolescence includes the physical changes of puberty among other changes." ] }, { "id": "task593-a176486377d34f89a7734d5ab055fc37", "input": "Question: The outer layer of what anatomical structure is so tough that it keeps out most pathogens? Answer: skin", "output": [ "This drawing shows that the skin has many layers. The outer layer is so tough that it keeps out most pathogens." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ae8e907a8b54388ad91c98135d47d17", "input": "Question: What transmits nerve impulses to other cells? Answer: neurons", "output": [ "Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-4441b5942b1841358da8866996bd7b3b", "input": "Question: High decibel sounds can damage your? Answer: ears", "output": [ "High-decibel sounds can damage the ears and cause loss of hearing. Which sounds in the graph are dangerously loud?." ] }, { "id": "task593-765e9328a1944cc78d1c88327f897a16", "input": "Question: Atmospheric pressure is low in what anatomically named part of a hurricane? Answer: eye", "output": [ "Atmospheric pressure is low in the eye of a hurricane. In a 1979 hurricane in the Pacific Ocean, a pressure of 0.859 atm was reported inside the eye. What is this pressure in torr?." ] }, { "id": "task593-902b276bb57749529a378bbab199ebdb", "input": "Question: What allowed life to expand and diversify during the early cambrian period? Answer: warm, humid climate", "output": [ "The warm, humid climate of the early Cambrian allowed life to expand and diversify. This brought the Cambrian Explosion. Life exploded both in diversity and in quantity!." ] }, { "id": "task593-3a46d2a659db4116b306913ff84cfc2f", "input": "Question: Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between two oppositely charged what? Answer: ions", "output": [ "Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between two oppositely charged ions. Ions can be formed and then bonded when metal atoms donate their valence electrons to nonmetal atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa44c0ffa10745a6bf7ae0bdc6f9ef88", "input": "Question: The atomic number of tungsten is 74. therefore, in a neutral atom of tungsten, there are 74 electrons. the atomic number of argon is 18. therefore, in a neutral atom of argon, there are how many electrons? Answer: 18", "output": [ "The atomic number of tungsten is 74. Therefore, in a neutral atom of tungsten, there are 74 electrons. The atomic number of argon is 18. Therefore, in a neutral atom of argon, there are 18 electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-51c547acf94f402da22ce9c9303480ad", "input": "Question: What is the functional unit of compact bone? Answer: osteon", "output": [ "Compact bone makes up the dense outer layer of bone. Its functional unit is the osteon . Compact bone is very hard and strong." ] }, { "id": "task593-416e476df7dd425b906ab98661591392", "input": "Question: If no unbalanced force acts on an object the object remains at constant velocity or what? Answer: at rest", "output": [ "If no unbalanced force acts on an object the object remains at constant velocity or at rest." ] }, { "id": "task593-8adf16943cdf482f8d35cdbfe081a8f3", "input": "Question: What is the sun classified as on the main sequence? Answer: yellow dwarf", "output": [ "Producers create food energy. They are the base of all life on Earth. Most producers use photosynthesis but a very small number use chemosynthesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-1a3c10aeada04a1b9d18008520e0822e", "input": "Question: What do we call any way that animals act, either alone or with other animals. Answer: animal behavior", "output": [ "Animal behavior is any way that animals act, either alone or with other animals." ] }, { "id": "task593-d8be46f032584a03893f88360255caf5", "input": "Question: In what state of matter is butter at room temperature? Answer: solid", "output": [ "6. Butter is a fat that is a solid at room temperature. What type of fatty acids does butter contain? How do you know?." ] }, { "id": "task593-b9c9f1c93a9343c0a048679bc1ae3a95", "input": "Question: What form do alkali metals take at room temperature? Answer: solid", "output": [ "Alkali metals are all solids at room temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-dcb02a93d9ba4b7793ee867b1a3d0d11", "input": "Question: How many bones make up an adult human skeleton? Answer: 206", "output": [ "The adult human skeleton includes 206 bones and other tissues. It supports the body, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and maintains mineral homeostasis." ] }, { "id": "task593-4e5f0c4bd29048ceba823dbd2ecf6782", "input": "Question: What is aggravated by practices such as logging, mining, construction, and paving surfaces? Answer: soil erosion", "output": [ "Logging, mining, construction, and paving surfaces are some of the ways that soil erosion increases." ] }, { "id": "task593-cddb00ce84ee44b097ae6180bf2c3f9f", "input": "Question: Carbon behaves as a metal because it conducts which two things well? Answer: heat and electricity", "output": [ "Carbon behaves as a metal because it conducts heat and electricity well. It is a nonmetal because it is black and brittle and cannot be made into sheets or wires." ] }, { "id": "task593-ad20a61093d04c88971d2675b71f5e0b", "input": "Question: What do bats use to determine the location of objects? Answer: echolocation", "output": [ "Christopher Auyeung, using bat image by User:Rugby471/Wikimedia Commons. Bats use echolocation to identify the location of objects . CC BY-NC 3.0 (bat image available under public domain)." ] }, { "id": "task593-897b48f51a624b3e888ead8e3fe6400e", "input": "Question: In which way do sunspots occur? Answer: in pairs", "output": [ "Sunspots occur in pairs. Each is one side of a loop of the Sun's magnetic field on the Sun's surface. Sunspots come and go on an 11-year cycle." ] }, { "id": "task593-34194c9a7e31482cb162581c5cf1779e", "input": "Question: Unlike wild animals, what type of species are genetically uniform, making them more vulnerable to die-out from disease? Answer: domestic species", "output": [ "Wild plants and animals maintain a valuable pool of genetic variation . This is important because domestic species are genetically uniform. This puts them at great risk of dying out due to disease." ] }, { "id": "task593-df7fcf0cd400499eb23232991706a784", "input": "Question: What are animal fats and oils such as olive and vegetable oil classified as? Answer: lipids", "output": [ "A: Lipids that are fats include butter and the fats in meats. Lipids that are oils include olive oil and vegetable oil. Examples of both types of lipids are pictured in the Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-0eb747e3f5d548da91cb544e1af7a6ba", "input": "Question: How does the image focused by the eye travel to the brain? Answer: the optic nerve", "output": [ "The image focused by the eye travels through the optic nerve to the brain as electrical signals. The brain interprets the signals and “tells” us what we are seeing." ] }, { "id": "task593-1b7786c6e56a491b9f54214802dbd528", "input": "Question: Fractures and faults are terms you hear when talking about? Answer: earthquakes", "output": [ "Compare fractures and faults and define how they are related to earthquakes." ] }, { "id": "task593-fee65aa7ed5e4aef945bda7394e5936d", "input": "Question: Magnetite crystals in lava typically point to what geographic location? Answer: magnetic north pole", "output": [ "Magnetite crystals in the lava point in the direction of the magnetic north pole. The different stripes of magnetic polarity reveal the different ages of the seafloor." ] }, { "id": "task593-4a6b266142ea4ef99d8ef7cc84e4a450", "input": "Question: What is the term for a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces? Answer: fluid", "output": [ "Section Summary 11.1 What Is a Fluid? • A fluid is a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces. Liquids and gases are both fluids. Fluid statics is the physics of stationary fluids." ] }, { "id": "task593-da52eceafcec48259c24b65c7d6e00f5", "input": "Question: What is the network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell called? Answer: cytoskeleton", "output": [ "6.6 The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-7dd9f3351ef74d7ea9c6f52652d8962c", "input": "Question: Which body system controls all the others by sending electrical messages? Answer: the nervous system", "output": [ "The nervous system sends electrical messages throughout the body and controls all other body systems." ] }, { "id": "task593-f1d22da96ba34444adec717c86e817a8", "input": "Question: Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have what type of fertilization? Answer: internal", "output": [ "Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have internal fertilization." ] }, { "id": "task593-6b0cad2736f34a179df70a02275a9190", "input": "Question: How many types of antigens can an antibody match? Answer: one", "output": [ "An antibody matches only one type of antigen." ] }, { "id": "task593-9c48973fb05f45ad896df69b09a1040b", "input": "Question: How is energy expressed when it is released in a chemical reaction? Answer: as negative number", "output": [ "When energy is released in a chemical reaction or process, that energy is expressed as a negative number. Figure below shows electron affinities in kJ/mol for the main group elements." ] }, { "id": "task593-f55167c0bf2742bbbc307ee7fcecd204", "input": "Question: If hot water becomes trapped, pressure may build up. when the water breaks free, it creates what? Answer: geyser", "output": [ "If hot water becomes trapped, pressure may build up. When the water breaks free, it creates a geyser." ] }, { "id": "task593-8294e3e1cbb140e287a826788326da12", "input": "Question: What cause the rippled surface of the ocean? Answer: waves", "output": [ "Waves cause the rippled surface of the ocean." ] }, { "id": "task593-788ed671e69046f4a25deddb88843039", "input": "Question: What is produced by the sebaceous glands? Answer: sebum", "output": [ "Structures in the dermis include hair follicles and sebaceous glands, which produce sebum." ] }, { "id": "task593-766457a3f4524f6a81470bc8f04bd13b", "input": "Question: Gene expression and what else are usually considered the same molecular process? Answer: protein synthesis", "output": [ "Gene expression and protein synthesis are usually considered the same molecular process." ] }, { "id": "task593-04df0880a6e84faa85d8e9c50f865ead", "input": "Question: Niche and habitat are concepts related to what broader term? Answer: ecosystem", "output": [ "7. Compare and contrast the ecosystem concepts of niche and habitat." ] }, { "id": "task593-8d8e17785b004b6880d42aed28213040", "input": "Question: What are the two components of a mixture called? Answer: solute and a solvent", "output": [ "Combinations of different substances are called mixtures." ] }, { "id": "task593-4fd1c7268e674a118846ee7528960ac5", "input": "Question: What are the chemical messengers used to communicate between cells? Answer: hormones", "output": [ "Hormones, chemical messengers used to communicate between cells, are important in regulating digestion." ] }, { "id": "task593-3ad5a764e09c4d298b02e194b3b46481", "input": "Question: What type of tissue makes up much of the inside of a plant? Answer: ground tissue", "output": [ "Ground tissue makes up much of the inside of a plant. The cells of ground tissue carry out basic metabolic functions and other biochemical reactions. Ground tissue may also store food or water." ] }, { "id": "task593-5526c72ce998448790f3644c81760d1f", "input": "Question: During protein synthesis, ribosomes assemble what into proteins? Answer: amino acids", "output": [ "Figure 4.13 Ribosomes are made up of a large subunit (top) and a small subunit (bottom). During protein synthesis, ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins." ] }, { "id": "task593-8505a974e570481c99dbc1573b1e5c36", "input": "Question: When two plates of continental crust collide, the material pushes upward and forms what? Answer: high mountain range", "output": [ "When two plates of continental crust collide, the material pushes upward. This forms a high mountain range. The remnants of subducted oceanic crust remain beneath the continental convergence zone." ] }, { "id": "task593-1aa231c4d41540c3a3f87d86734e9085", "input": "Question: What effect does changing temperature have on a system at equilibrium? Answer: stress", "output": [ "Increasing or decreasing the temperature of a system at equilibrium is also a stress to the system. The equation for the Haber-Bosch process is written again below, as a thermochemical equation." ] }, { "id": "task593-695171bde3564cf690515d7e5bb080e5", "input": "Question: The outer planets are made of hydrogen and helium, so they are termed what? Answer: gas giants", "output": [ "The outer planets are made of hydrogen and helium, so they are called gas giants." ] }, { "id": "task593-581369023b204f1996c5439b5b3dd358", "input": "Question: The products of photosynthesis are glucose and what else? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "The products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen." ] }, { "id": "task593-c50de0c998264b71ae0ee76ad384883f", "input": "Question: Time, mass, length, and temperature are considered to be what kinds of units? Answer: base", "output": [ "Base units have independent scales and cannot be described by a combination of any other base units. Examples of base units used in chemistry are length, mass, temperature, and time." ] }, { "id": "task593-844e006e768f493eaa0cfd023feee2a4", "input": "Question: What kinds of acids are proteins made out of? Answer: amino acids", "output": [ "Proteins are organic compounds made up of amino acids." ] }, { "id": "task593-2bb8ce2d20384b5e80ca1308898be5ea", "input": "Question: By multiplying the force applied by the perpendicular component of the moment arm,what is determined? Answer: torques", "output": [ "Individual torques are determined by multiplying the force applied by the perpendicular component of the moment arm." ] }, { "id": "task593-d4acab8ccc7e44c1a7aaf213f4e85efa", "input": "Question: In places like the grand canyon, hard rocks that are resistant to weathering form what, while softer rocks that weather more easily form slopes? Answer: cliffs", "output": [ "The rocks in this photo of the Grand Canyon are all sedimentary. Hard rocks that are resistant to weathering form cliffs. Softer rocks that weather more easily form slopes." ] }, { "id": "task593-eff6c92ed502441da9b4743f056715ca", "input": "Question: If a unit is named after a person it needs to be? Answer: capitalized", "output": [ "If a unit is named after a person, it is capitalized. So you write “10 Newtons,” or “10 N,” but “10 meters,” or “10 m. ”." ] }, { "id": "task593-f211181c42d947e49c6af9f426e8d04b", "input": "Question: What is defined as male gametes that form in the testes and mature in the epididymis? Answer: sperm", "output": [ "Sperm are male gametes that form in the testes and mature in the epididymis." ] }, { "id": "task593-295011bbe2b1401f8a9ca7ce9319833b", "input": "Question: What consists of two or more elements and forms as a result of a chemical reaction? Answer: compound", "output": [ "Living things consist of matter, which can be an element or a compound. A compound consists of two or more elements and forms as a result of a chemical reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-41f96ea8f2524aa5818760f7213f49ee", "input": "Question: Monatomic ions have an oxidation number equal to their what? Answer: charge", "output": [ "Monatomic ions have an oxidation number equal to their charge. Li + has an oxidation state of +1, Ba 2+ has an oxidation state of +2, I - has an oxidation state of -1, and so on." ] }, { "id": "task593-2089eba7629d4e7f94a5a483503c8871", "input": "Question: What are large sheets of ice that cover relatively flat ground called? Answer: continental glaciers", "output": [ "Continental glaciers are large ice sheets that cover relatively flat ground. These glaciers flow outward from where the greatest amounts of snow and ice accumulate." ] }, { "id": "task593-702e1ed8bda449dba383913aef9b42f5", "input": "Question: What element is an essential part of many molecules needed by living organisms? Answer: nitrogen", "output": [ "Nitrogen is an essential part of many molecules needed by living organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-5fd4a8af56914403aa255ee7105f390a", "input": "Question: What describe the fraction or percentage of a mixture that is made up of a particular substance. Answer: mole fractions", "output": [ "Mole fractions describe the fraction or percentage of a mixture that is made up of a particular substance." ] }, { "id": "task593-474731fc7b264fdeab3968fb4bd20a83", "input": "Question: What are the narrowest blood vessels, where oxygen is transferred into body cells? Answer: capillaries", "output": [ "Red blood cells are flat, round, and very small. Their small size allows easy maneuverability through the capillaries, the narrowest blood vessels, where oxygen is transferred into body cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-be520a7f018046bbbfa0e26d82ac9ab5", "input": "Question: What are the highest clouds in the atmosphere? Answer: noctilucent clouds", "output": [ "Noctilucent clouds are the highest clouds in the atmosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-ccb627a78b5640c49e5397dd4e0b7165", "input": "Question: What is the factor that affects the solubility of solutes in all three states? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "Temperature affects the solubility of solutes in all three states. Pressure also affects the solubility of gases." ] }, { "id": "task593-2abd21d3d5a34f23a9b3b73b41fd6a01", "input": "Question: What occurs at joints? Answer: body movements", "output": [ "Movements of the body occur at joints. Describe how muscles are arranged around the joints of the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-0aa34cf1fd764f8a88f98286d156e28f", "input": "Question: What is the term for the gases that surround a planet? Answer: the atmosphere", "output": [ "An atmosphere is the gases that surround a planet. The early Earth had no atmosphere. Conditions were so hot that gases were not stable." ] }, { "id": "task593-121e7065fb7346f7bb861c67e3d9f446", "input": "Question: Mineral crystals that form when magma cools are usually _______ than crystals that form when lava cools. Answer: larger", "output": [ "Mineral crystals that form when magma cools are usually larger than crystals that form when lava cools." ] }, { "id": "task593-b21ff126ff19476f8b1ea08bd60f2cbb", "input": "Question: Yogurt is made from milk fermented with what type of organism? Answer: bacteria", "output": [ "Mom the Barbarian. Yogurt is made from milk fermented with bacteria . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-c88fb045347146c4bde031dae04536cc", "input": "Question: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell in the third phase of what process? Answer: mitosis", "output": [ "third phase of mitosis during which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-b045f28930844bfea8b2180bc9f28612", "input": "Question: Twin studies have been instrumental in demonstrating what type of component in autism? Answer: environmental", "output": [ "Autism has a wide phenotypic spectrum of disability. Twin studies have been instrumental in demonstrating an environmental component in autism." ] }, { "id": "task593-9bc0c08d9dd3450cb7719853e86955a9", "input": "Question: What type of mammals are characterized by detailed development of the hands and feet, a shortened snout, and a large brain? Answer: primates", "output": [ "Primates include monkeys, apes and humans. These mammals are characterized by detailed development of the hands and feet, a shortened snout, and a large brain." ] }, { "id": "task593-842e7d24c5794a1ca7996a725aa44554", "input": "Question: Like other bryophytes, moss plants spend most of their life cycle as? Answer: gametophytes", "output": [ "Like other bryophytes, moss plants spend most of their life cycle as gametophytes. Find the sporophyte in the diagram. Do you see how it is growing on the gametophyte plant?." ] }, { "id": "task593-696fb2c04233402e9f12c0db481c0b24", "input": "Question: Asthma, pneumonia, and emphysema are diseases of what system? Answer: respiratory", "output": [ "Diseases of the respiratory system include asthma, pneumonia, and emphysema." ] }, { "id": "task593-d5b7ff4864e3461da6f3b4ba000db223", "input": "Question: What is the the basic si unit for mass? Answer: kilogram (kg)", "output": [ "Mass measures the amount of matter in a substance or an object. The basic SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg)." ] }, { "id": "task593-e718982d530447e9b3bbd296b3954097", "input": "Question: How does alcohol expand over a wide range of temperatures? Answer: uniformly", "output": [ "The red liquid in this thermometer is alcohol. Alcohol expands uniformly over a wide range of temperatures. This makes it ideal for use in thermometers." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e01bec64591436ca86bb82ddf90429c", "input": "Question: Aging occurs as cells lose their ability to do what? Answer: divide", "output": [ "Aging occurs as cells lose their ability to divide." ] }, { "id": "task593-b85db01689f5452ab2a45cf878bfca6f", "input": "Question: What results from the evaporation of sea water? Answer: salt", "output": [ "In many parts of the world, table salt is obtained from the evaporation of sea water. The heat for the process comes from the sun." ] }, { "id": "task593-64d0e349258141b4a1308dd2aa5d40e2", "input": "Question: What gases move in and out of blood during gas exchange? Answer: oxygen, carbon dioxide", "output": [ "User:helix84/Wikimedia Commons. Gas exchange is the movement of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood . CC BY 2.5." ] }, { "id": "task593-1606e7bb199e4813b6cb49ae2e177b1a", "input": "Question: A mammal that reproduces by laying eggs is called what? Answer: monotreme", "output": [ "Platypus. The platypus is a monotreme, a mammal that reproduces by laying eggs." ] }, { "id": "task593-7d2f7453d02e4568a7ff22e82cb3c34f", "input": "Question: What are the active transport mechanisms by which molecules enter and leave the cell inside vesicles? Answer: endocytosis and exocytosis", "output": [ "Endocytosis and exocytosis are active transport mechanisms in which large molecules enter and leave the cell inside vesicles." ] }, { "id": "task593-9201d53f98714cecb6d30015777d03d9", "input": "Question: What are bacteria that stain purple are called? Answer: gram-positive bacteria", "output": [ "Bacteria that stain purple are called gram-positive bacteria. They have a thick cell wall without an outer membrane." ] }, { "id": "task593-7c20818481c64123bebc3452a2a0c80a", "input": "Question: What fatty material inside arteries can restrict blood flow in the artery? Answer: plaque", "output": [ "The fatty material inside the artery on the right is plaque. Notice how much narrower the artery has become. Less blood can flow through it than the normal artery." ] }, { "id": "task593-e25b1cb64c4b49318fa96817b9d69e54", "input": "Question: Fossils provide a window into the past. they are evidence for what? Answer: evolution", "output": [ "Fossils provide a window into the past. They are evidence for evolution." ] }, { "id": "task593-dd42ff0aaa1b4a19ad862065fc506007", "input": "Question: Name a passageway that is shared with the digestive system. Answer: pharynx", "output": [ "Next, air passes through the pharynx, a passageway that is shared with the digestive system. From the pharynx, the air passes next through the larynx, or voice box." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c3fb44ac3ba40c78f87ffd9c9b2f23a", "input": "Question: How do plants and algae both make food? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "Like plants, algae contain chlorophyll and make food by photosynthesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-c887d9e2126041bebaf1c5d3fb7a5975", "input": "Question: In humans, a zygote has how many chromosomes? Answer: 46", "output": [ "Upon fertilization a diploid zygote is formed. In humans, a zygote has 46 chromosomes, 23 inherited from each parent. The gametes, sperm and eggs, are haploid cells, with 23 chromosomes each." ] }, { "id": "task593-95b4a75fa4e0465cbd34959ea8f1cac1", "input": "Question: The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport pump that exchanges sodium ions for what? Answer: potassium ions", "output": [ "The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport pump that exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions." ] }, { "id": "task593-9c8cc07e3f5345b9a58e484905ad1f7a", "input": "Question: What are the most numerous and diverse biochemical compounds? Answer: proteins", "output": [ "Proteins are the most numerous and diverse biochemical compounds. They have many different functions." ] }, { "id": "task593-47eb4fc8c05d4814a67e7f64284ca542", "input": "Question: What are the basic building blocks of the human body? Answer: cells", "output": [ "The basic building blocks of the human body are cells. Human cells are organized into tissues, tissues are organized into organs, and organs are organized into organ systems." ] }, { "id": "task593-b67c061d70a44efe864d00a2f7faf6f5", "input": "Question: What is the the force of attraction that holds together ions? Answer: ionic bond", "output": [ "An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions. It forms when atoms of a metallic element give up electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element." ] }, { "id": "task593-28fc5eb692ce481f8209803bdb4fab51", "input": "Question: What were the electrons initially called? Answer: cathode rays", "output": [ "Negatively charged and has a very small mass compared to the mass of other subatomic particles. Electrons were initially called cathode rays." ] }, { "id": "task593-7ba404094067496da8c95b81dea2561d", "input": "Question: Which cycle tracks the flow of nitrogen through an ecosystem? Answer: nitrogen cycle", "output": [ "Mariana Ruiz Villarreal (LadyofHats) for CK-12 Foundation. The nitrogen cycle tracks the flow of nitrogen through an ecosystem . CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-e5cd77decb7640ccb1a6df48c82c757e", "input": "Question: What is cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen known as? Answer: aerobic respiration", "output": [ "Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is aerobic respiration." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ddd36413a1d4ca391156718612ac29e", "input": "Question: What is the top 200 meters of water in the ocean called? Answer: photic zone", "output": [ "ocean zone in the top 200 meters of water that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-c9814e60072e454e83b9d55bc3cac3b6", "input": "Question: In the case of a light bulb, electricity is converted to light and what kind of energy? Answer: thermal", "output": [ "Most circuits have devices such as light bulbs that convert electric energy to other forms of energy. In the case of a light bulb, electricity is converted to light and thermal energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-17656b7639c545fbb640f53dd74a4a68", "input": "Question: What is hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer? Answer: well", "output": [ "Many people get their freshwater from an aquifer. They obtain the water through a well. A well is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer." ] }, { "id": "task593-46effb5593b6409c92f9869731f70568", "input": "Question: What is magnetism produced by an electrical current? Answer: electromagnetism", "output": [ "Electromagnetism is magnetism produced by an electric current. Current flowing through a wire creates a magnetic field that surrounds the wire in concentric circles." ] }, { "id": "task593-9cb2ae5692764aa2aee301d5b69d2709", "input": "Question: Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or what? Answer: destroyed", "output": [ "Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed." ] }, { "id": "task593-4fb724b0b95b4fadbb5a4b1a98a5742c", "input": "Question: What preventive measure can protect even young children against diseases such as viral meningitis? Answer: vaccination", "output": [ "Children as young as 2 years of age can be vaccinated against viral meningitis." ] }, { "id": "task593-1579ec35b72742fa98d472dee61e943b", "input": "Question: Methanogens in their gut enable what process in cows? Answer: digestion", "output": [ "Cows are able to digest grass with the help of the methanogens in their gut." ] }, { "id": "task593-478563c21f12430ab298fdb80c415531", "input": "Question: What type of chemicals do ants communicate with? Answer: pheromones", "output": [ "We must use energy to get energy resources. This is true of non-renewable and renewable energy. Getting fossil fuels so that they can be used takes many steps. All of these steps use energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-c6538fa163f5466f8f246d84add2dcc4", "input": "Question: What do scientists use to search other planets suitable for living? Answer: telescopes", "output": [ "Scientists are using telescopes to search for other planets that may have conditions favorable for life. The places they can look are near our solar system in our galaxy." ] }, { "id": "task593-a622815f91a24ab4afd26682a066b6f0", "input": "Question: Because collisions are ______, energy can be transferred between molecules during them. Answer: elastic", "output": [ "Energy can be transferred between molecules during collisions. Collisions are completely elastic." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c6be90237754babaeddce97a32c08a8", "input": "Question: What is the term for anything that can cause cancer? Answer: carcinogen", "output": [ "A carcinogen is anything that can cause cancer. Cancer is a disease in which cells divide out of control. Most carcinogens cause cancer by producing mutations in DNA." ] }, { "id": "task593-92f03ff961c143c9983f16453b8e559a", "input": "Question: What are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis? Answer: ribosomes", "output": [ "Ribosomes are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are found in all cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-5cdbcbf9a92c4a86b9e2cbd46a69f706", "input": "Question: Stomata are special pores that allow gasses to enter and exit what? Answer: the leaf", "output": [ "Stomata are special pores that allow gasses to enter and exit the leaf." ] }, { "id": "task593-36fdbb25fa1e4451a2cbb86885da5405", "input": "Question: What makes up most of the interior of a plant? Answer: ground tissue", "output": [ "Ground tissue makes up most of the interior of a plant. It carries out basic metabolic functions and stores food and water." ] }, { "id": "task593-4790ea0f70cc4ef28732cd9a576bf290", "input": "Question: Which currents distribute heat around the planet and have a large impact on climate? Answer: surface", "output": [ "Surface currents are extremely important because they distribute heat around the planet. Surface currents also have a tremendous influence on climate around the globe." ] }, { "id": "task593-5197f7728f9d49b2bc0fddbf4286751d", "input": "Question: What type of gases are used for balloons, light bulbs and lighted signs? Answer: noble", "output": [ "Noble gases are used for balloons, light bulbs, and lighted signs." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4a22a1549cf4d86bc98c12a1415c216", "input": "Question: During an earthquake what causes seismic waves? Answer: rock displacement", "output": [ "In an earthquake, seismic waves are generated by rock displacement." ] }, { "id": "task593-dbde23c39fda418bb9f6b33fcf92fcc7", "input": "Question: Original atoms are called what type of isotopes? Answer: parent", "output": [ "Direction is an important component of motion." ] }, { "id": "task593-c6106b9021cf4cf48653c922b6255c73", "input": "Question: Plant-like protists are autotrophs capable of what process? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "Plant-like protists, which are autotrophs that photosynthesize." ] }, { "id": "task593-b24bbb51024d4adba48021f57b1cb0f9", "input": "Question: What type of animal in the sea spend most of their lives as medusae? Answer: jellyfish", "output": [ "Jellyfish spend most of their lives as medusae. They live virtually everywhere in the ocean. They prey on zooplankton, other invertebrates, and the eggs and larvae of fish." ] }, { "id": "task593-f492c6500ba14e20b9ead73acc5511a9", "input": "Question: What is essential for cellular respiration for all aerobic organisms? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "An online guide from the University of Illinois about air masses and fronts is found here: http://ww2010. atmos. uiuc. edu/%28Gh%29/guides/mtr/af/home. rxml ." ] }, { "id": "task593-14aacf97cbf149d0a20b17d97ee286ce", "input": "Question: What type of maps detail detail the types and locations of rocks found in an area? Answer: geologic maps", "output": [ "Geologic maps detail the types and locations of rocks found in an area." ] }, { "id": "task593-0d8c44d1eabb45ee901d51087ddbbaaa", "input": "Question: Electrical messages are carried by chemicals called what? Answer: neurotransmitters", "output": [ "tiny gap between two adjacent neurons across which electrical messages are carried by chemicals called neurotransmitters." ] }, { "id": "task593-324293ce551343abb3d66f7b655e0bb9", "input": "Question: What should you let liquid waste do before placing the container in the trash? Answer: evaporate", "output": [ "Always properly dispose of hazardous waste. For example, let liquid waste evaporate before placing the container in the trash." ] }, { "id": "task593-5e82f1ed917a419e8548b20f8b5c81cc", "input": "Question: The smallest cyclic ether is called what? Answer: epoxide", "output": [ "The smallest cyclic ether is called an epoxide. Draw its structure." ] }, { "id": "task593-060eb6468a234d6fb3e11fd30da1c5c8", "input": "Question: A lake is an example of what type of biome? Answer: freshwater biome", "output": [ "A lake is an example of a freshwater biome. Water in a lake generally forms three different zones based on water depth and distance from shore." ] }, { "id": "task593-ee2e6522544d41d290b77af320aaf782", "input": "Question: The end of a pine tree branch bears the male cones that produce what? Answer: the pollen", "output": [ "John Haslam. The end of a pine tree branch bears the male cones that produce the pollen . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-fbe4ac4d21574005ab7af1b13cd96624", "input": "Question: The bright color of poison dart frogs serves what purpose? Answer: warning predators", "output": [ "Poison dart frogs have toxins in their skin. Their bright colors warn potential predators not to take a bite!." ] }, { "id": "task593-dfca1abd91d5438ab500b0379ca619fc", "input": "Question: What tissue do clubmosses have that mosses do not? Answer: vascular tissue", "output": [ "Clubmosses can resemble mosses; however, clubmosses have vascular tissue, while mosses do not." ] }, { "id": "task593-c16e16441bad4ac491646af750cd6ce2", "input": "Question: Which organelle specific to plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis? Answer: the chloroplast", "output": [ "Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, an organelle specific to plant cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-dce5e7ccd8fc4271a8837ab6ebe8a3b5", "input": "Question: What bone forms the upper jaw and supports the upper teeth? Answer: maxillary bone", "output": [ "Figure 7.14 Maxillary Bone The maxillary bone forms the upper jaw and supports the upper teeth. Each maxilla also forms the lateral floor of each orbit and the majority of the hard palate." ] }, { "id": "task593-b802125ca63c499d996a96c5ac5e755f", "input": "Question: What cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration? Answer: krebs cycle", "output": [ "The Krebs cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration." ] }, { "id": "task593-46ac4c45a2d7433c92627aeec0ba1a06", "input": "Question: Energy from the sun has a wide range of wavelengths.what is the total range of energy called? Answer: electromagnetic spectrum", "output": [ "Energy from the Sun has a wide range of wavelengths. The total range of energy is called the electromagnetic spectrum . You can see it in Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-a47af9d2192641718f84f3175cc23be0", "input": "Question: Where are the seeds in gymnosperms found? Answer: in cones", "output": [ "Gymnosperms have seeds, but they do not produce fruit. Instead, the seeds of gymnosperms are usually found in cones." ] }, { "id": "task593-6f97ed1e233b41d88ed2fcdf180c2362", "input": "Question: What is one function of the nervous system in humans? Answer: controlling muscles", "output": [ "Controlling muscles and maintaining balance are just two of the functions of the human nervous system. What else does the nervous system do?." ] }, { "id": "task593-0ed7e6e3b9b2496594f03e30f12bedb9", "input": "Question: The total number of protons and neutorns in an atom is called what? Answer: mass number", "output": [ "The mass number is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom." ] }, { "id": "task593-e269f605c22f4581a2be1599f720d634", "input": "Question: What process involves two cell divisions and produces four haploid cells? Answer: meiosis", "output": [ "Meiosis involves two cell divisions and produces four haploid cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-168c1dfd7def4e4aaada96ffff6c0df0", "input": "Question: What cell structures are like storage centers and tend to be larger in plant cells? Answer: vacuoles", "output": [ "The vacuoles are like storage centers. Plant cells have larger vacuoles than animal cells. Plants store water and nutrients in their large central vacuoles." ] }, { "id": "task593-7c8bd45a0e4e4f68a480ff786b43bfda", "input": "Question: How many atoms are evenly organized around a central atom? Answer: six", "output": [ "Six atoms are evenly organized around a central atom." ] }, { "id": "task593-b8e5dc87eca646d081ff1eefe3a65036", "input": "Question: What is an ionic bond in nature? Answer: electrostatic", "output": [ "An ionic bond is electrostatic in nature." ] }, { "id": "task593-0138af918eed44a3a310d994bb3f449e", "input": "Question: What is the primary cause of air movement in the troposphere? Answer: differences in heating", "output": [ "Air movement takes place in the troposphere. Air moves because of differences in heating. The differences create convection currents and winds." ] }, { "id": "task593-1a79740225f64880a1a7b6e9da0670f2", "input": "Question: Which type of lava lavas are less viscous and erupt effusively? Answer: mafic", "output": [ "Felsic lavas are more viscous and erupt explosively or do not erupt. Mafic lavas are less viscous and erupt effusively." ] }, { "id": "task593-69557f98c4074b96bb8447d73f46eb81", "input": "Question: Materials made from non-living substances like pebbles and sand are called what? Answer: inorganic", "output": [ "Some of them are inorganic . Inorganic materials are made from non-living substances like pebbles and sand." ] }, { "id": "task593-b7386a80500247c4a829ab9e45267232", "input": "Question: The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a what? Answer: molecular control system", "output": [ "12.3 The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a molecular control system." ] }, { "id": "task593-86f10695357846afa640adefa3c51937", "input": "Question: Most turtle bodies are covered by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their what? Answer: ribs", "output": [ "Most turtle bodies are covered by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs." ] }, { "id": "task593-ab8ee5eeb1244b04a067ae4bdd45ef12", "input": "Question: What term describes the application of knowledge to real-world problems and is practiced by engineers? Answer: technology", "output": [ "Technology is the application of knowledge to real-world problems. Engineers are professionals in technology." ] }, { "id": "task593-84897a6183534cb4aaa285e1342f1560", "input": "Question: What is the process that moves particles by rolling or dragging along the bottom of the water? Answer: traction", "output": [ "The biggest particles, including gravel and pebbles, are moved by traction . In this process, the particles roll or drag along the bottom of the water." ] }, { "id": "task593-fdde0b9a5dc0447898cee74fd56f119d", "input": "Question: What kind of joints allow for a wide range of flexibility? Answer: ball and socket", "output": [ "Socket diagram: Pearson Scott Foresman; Joint diagram: Zachary Wilson. Ball and socket joints allow for a wide range of flexibility . Socket diagram: Public Domain; Joint diagram: CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-f49081bd81dc435f93c539bfe6e1b55a", "input": "Question: What are the two types of vascular tissues found in vascular plants? Answer: xylem and phloem", "output": [ "Xylem and phloem are the two types of vascular tissues in vascular plants." ] }, { "id": "task593-fef1a5b5b5694f8fbf0491156305a47b", "input": "Question: The ovaries produce estradiol and progesterone, which cause secondary sex characteristics and prepare the body for? Answer: childbirth", "output": [ "cells. The ovaries produce estradiol and progesterone, which cause secondary sex characteristics and prepare the body for childbirth." ] }, { "id": "task593-66b178adf69346798f2f561d1c27791d", "input": "Question: A circuit that consists of two loops is called a what? Answer: parallel circuit", "output": [ "A circuit that consists of two loops is called a parallel circuit. If one loop of a parallel circuit is interrupted, current can still flow through the other loop." ] }, { "id": "task593-1ae778733cff4372a7fab9d9cec84b5c", "input": "Question: Which law refers to the electron charge remaining the same during transfer? Answer: law of conservation of charge", "output": [ "Three ways electrons can be transferred are conduction, friction, and polarization. In each case, the total charge remains the same. This is the law of conservation of charge." ] }, { "id": "task593-1eed19b0ccc0401db5cc3f5c35379429", "input": "Question: What is the ph level of neutral, pure water? Answer: seven", "output": [ "The ion concentration of neutral, pure water gives water a pH of 7 and sets the standard for defining acids and bases. Acids have a pH lower than 7, and bases have a pH higher than 7." ] }, { "id": "task593-b2fe24f1180a4ccc9d90834bad8a588f", "input": "Question: In a model of a hemoglobin molecule, the purple part indicates the presence of what element? Answer: iron", "output": [ "Hemoglobin Molecule. This model represents the protein hemoglobin. The purple part of the molecule contains iron. The iron binds with oxygen molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-1daa2d73e381429d9a069e03cb081e66", "input": "Question: Because conditions are not ideal, most populations grow ____________. Answer: logistically", "output": [ "Most populations do not live under ideal conditions and grow logistically instead." ] }, { "id": "task593-3315c4c1f3e64dc3b3b44a4b9558fa45", "input": "Question: What happens when a cell takes in substances through its membrane? Answer: endocytosis", "output": [ "Other animal-like protists must \"swallow\" their food through a process called endocytosis . Endocytosis happens when a cell takes in substances through its membrane. The process is described below:." ] }, { "id": "task593-de60a49816e041b4a67a0b5c16a31ac3", "input": "Question: What large carboxylic acid with three ionizable hydrogen atoms gives some fruits a sour or tart flavor? Answer: citric acid", "output": [ "Citric acid is a large carboxylic acid with three ionizable hydrogen atoms. It is found in citrus fruits and gives them their sour or tart flavor." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d6d9365c5c54c588cd2117fbc8ca451", "input": "Question: Which division of the autonomic nervous system controls processes like digestion, heartbeat, and breathing? Answer: parasympathetic", "output": [ "The parasympathetic division controls internal organs and glands during the rest of the time. It controls processes like digestion, heartbeat, and breathing when there is not an emergency." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c48162f418b4b658769717765155148", "input": "Question: The three main rock types are igneous, metamorphic, and what? Answer: sedimentary", "output": [ "The three main rock types are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary." ] }, { "id": "task593-ff83ba96af9845e8bf7f18eb425d5e29", "input": "Question: What make distant objects appear both nearer and larger? Answer: telescopes", "output": [ "Telescopes make distant objects appear both nearer and larger. You can see many more stars through a telescope than with the unaided eye." ] }, { "id": "task593-7a55a2540d14439e97c952defc6ff52d", "input": "Question: More common in developing countries, parasitic diseases caused by roundworms often result from poor practice of what? Answer: personal hygiene", "output": [ "Diseases caused by roundworms are more common in developing countries. Many parasitic diseases caused by roundworms result from poor personal hygiene. Contributing factors may include." ] }, { "id": "task593-2e39284379b94514b3a6c14760b856f7", "input": "Question: When water is heated by magma and makes it's way to the surface what is created? Answer: geyser", "output": [ "Water works its way through porous rocks or soil. Sometimes this water is heated by nearby magma. If the water makes its way to the surface, it forms a hot spring or a geyser." ] }, { "id": "task593-92f153788d0f44a1bcea91321052e066", "input": "Question: What type of waste is likely to explode? Answer: explosive waste", "output": [ "Explosive waste is likely to explode. The risk of explosion may be greater if the waste is mixed with other substances." ] }, { "id": "task593-4c1f4401985b40d1a9865987f48fd6d6", "input": "Question: What mineral is used to produce glass? Answer: quartz", "output": [ "Silver is used to make sterling silver jewelry. Table salt is the mineral halite. Glass is produced from the mineral quartz." ] }, { "id": "task593-cdfb50f4d9c94530881b54136c224a70", "input": "Question: What type of science is the study of matter and energy and includes chemistry and physics? Answer: physical science", "output": [ "Physical science is the study of matter and energy. It includes chemistry and physics." ] }, { "id": "task593-57b85b4491be435cbc3f7e981a0f3084", "input": "Question: The most magnetic material in nature is what? Answer: magnetite", "output": [ "Some materials are natural permanent magnets. The most magnetic material in nature is the mineral magnetite." ] }, { "id": "task593-5d13b84f47e74fdb986b169380511921", "input": "Question: What scale measures acidity? Answer: ph scale", "output": [ "Note that Earth's axis of rotation is tilted. The axis is not perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic. This plane is the one that solar system bodies are mostly lined up in." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa192dfb68ca49448ccd41b1d2f0aceb", "input": "Question: Energy transfer between what kinds of levels is generally rather inefficient? Answer: trophic", "output": [ "55.3 Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient." ] }, { "id": "task593-5cae0852f6fb47e0ba1fa3361908e367", "input": "Question: What does the kyoto protocol focus on controlling? Answer: greenhouse gas emissions", "output": [ "The Kyoto Protocol is another worldwide agreement on air pollution. It was passed in 1997. The Protocol focuses on controlling greenhouse gas emissions. Its aim is to control global warming." ] }, { "id": "task593-ffc1e01f8dad4fa3b60a57d75308ede7", "input": "Question: What color is pyrite? Answer: gold", "output": [ "Pyrite has a similar color to gold. The appearance of the striations make pyrite different from gold." ] }, { "id": "task593-5b429a8c17a548c2902c05dbf5f5ae8f", "input": "Question: Organs that produce eggs and secrete estrogen are part of what system? Answer: female reproductive system", "output": [ "one of two female reproductive organs that produces eggs and secretes estrogen." ] }, { "id": "task593-fdf54af691a1409c9c00a0d9dbc0777b", "input": "Question: Controlling muscles and maintaining balance are just two of the roles of what system? Answer: nervous system", "output": [ "Controlling muscles and maintaining balance are just two of the roles of the nervous system. The nervous system also lets you:." ] }, { "id": "task593-6969739b350b4ab79a7ec746c24cd3d7", "input": "Question: The ether functional group consists of an oxygen atom which forms single bonds with what other atoms? Answer: carbon", "output": [ "The ether functional group consists of an oxygen atom which forms single bonds with two carbon atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-1c1a6b2c3e3c4ab4b0f2eee9c12b35fc", "input": "Question: Plants are complex organisms with tissues organized into what? Answer: organs", "output": [ "Plants are complex organisms with tissues organized into organs." ] }, { "id": "task593-9bce3beb8e9d41159b86f650f4383328", "input": "Question: What value of dissolved substances is higher than that of their corresponding precipitate? Answer: entropy", "output": [ "Dissolved substances have a higher entropy value than their corresponding precipitate." ] }, { "id": "task593-98b180ac6fda4736acc73f5c96444dbd", "input": "Question: In what area of the body are sutural bones found? Answer: skull", "output": [ "Sutural bones are small, flat, irregularly shaped bones. They may be found between the flat bones of the skull. They vary in number, shape, size, and position." ] }, { "id": "task593-70c4b151f76743fb9a023ab6a169018f", "input": "Question: There are only four possible bases that make up each dna nucleotide: adenine, guanine, thymine, and? Answer: cytosine", "output": [ "The only difference between each nucleotide is the identity of the base. There are only four possible bases that make up each DNA nucleotide: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C)." ] }, { "id": "task593-cf70efe0015c4bb0b7d141f97664b1ea", "input": "Question: What causes continents to drift closer to the poles or the equator? Answer: plate movements", "output": [ "Plate movements cause continents to drift closer to the poles or the equator. Ocean currents also shift when continents drift. All these changes can affect Earth’s temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-4db6781d1f914de885e52e982b3aac3c", "input": "Question: What type of cell contains a nucleus? Answer: eukaryotic cell", "output": [ "Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and several other types of organelles. These structures are involved in many vital cell functions." ] }, { "id": "task593-3066009e603e4e4d8b8e792986345e24", "input": "Question: Many structures in fish are adaptations for what type of lifestyle? Answer: aquatic", "output": [ "Many structures in fish are adaptations for their aquatic lifestyle. Several are described below and shown in Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-1539df013a824757818a544bbe26a533", "input": "Question: What is transferred in an acid-base reaction Answer: hydrogen ion", "output": [ "Acid-base reactions involve a transfer of a hydrogen ion instead of an electron. Acid-base reactions, like the one below, are also not redox reactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-de99e0ce840c4f02ac763e4d2f3b34cd", "input": "Question: What side of a mountain does the rainshadow effect occur on? Answer: the leeward side", "output": [ "Rainshadow effect occurs on the leeward side of a mountain range." ] }, { "id": "task593-8ac095d70571449fa9d3426acc3ad80e", "input": "Question: What describes a close and long-term interaction between different species? Answer: symbiosis", "output": [ "Symbiosis describes a close and long-term interaction between different species." ] }, { "id": "task593-36fa4aee94fa4294928d7e4059e54691", "input": "Question: What is the term for water that falls from clouds? Answer: precipitation", "output": [ "Precipitation is water that falls from clouds. It may fall as liquid or frozen water. Types of frozen precipitation include snow, sleet, freezing rain, and hail." ] }, { "id": "task593-59da59c1ce914b7592aca27f40896c70", "input": "Question: Conduction from the core has what effect on the lower mantle? Answer: it heats it", "output": [ "Conduction from the core heats the lower mantle." ] }, { "id": "task593-b1f2dc6dcdf343feb82226658abdb969", "input": "Question: Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce what? Answer: heat", "output": [ "Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce heat." ] }, { "id": "task593-74991a80f10d4643a2522121f4bae602", "input": "Question: Geysers erupt because what boiling hot substance is trapped beneath their surface? Answer: water", "output": [ "Geysers erupt because the water is trapped. The water becomes superheated until finally the pressure builds enough for it to break the seal." ] }, { "id": "task593-ebb843cd202d4511b1ec2366c4185566", "input": "Question: What is defined as the amount of force acting on a given area? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Pressure is defined as the amount of force acting on a given area. It measures how concentrated a force is." ] }, { "id": "task593-3be3c45847c04d20b0672158bd4cc35a", "input": "Question: In vascular plants, what two basic structures are made of dermal, vascular, and ground tissues? Answer: roots and stems", "output": [ "Like roots, the stems of vascular plants are made of dermal, vascular, and ground tissues." ] }, { "id": "task593-59f91d4a5f414343ba23311b5849cc86", "input": "Question: What do skeletal muscles enable the body to do? Answer: move", "output": [ "Skeletal Muscles. Skeletal muscles enable the body to move." ] }, { "id": "task593-56e8fde097864a76866ccd4fcc686beb", "input": "Question: What is split to produce nuclear energy? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "Nuclear energy is produced by splitting atoms. It also produces radioactive wastes that are very dangerous for many years." ] }, { "id": "task593-1bf73f46b9a743f1a498e40793c85430", "input": "Question: The entropy is decreasing because a gas is becoming a what? Answer: liquid", "output": [ "The entropy is decreasing because a gas is becoming a liquid." ] }, { "id": "task593-fcc60f6c17b443a8933ac0289e1a8695", "input": "Question: What is the layer of tissue between the body and shell called? Answer: mantle", "output": [ "Mollusks have a hard outer shell. There is a layer of tissue called the mantle between the shell and the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-ebc7b51098e041fcbf14d52b07782bd5", "input": "Question: Roots grow in length and width from the primary and secondary what? Answer: meristem", "output": [ "Roots grow in length and width from primary and secondary meristem." ] }, { "id": "task593-36b2a1d05941478ab33eb476eb1f51b2", "input": "Question: What are in leaves that function as solar collectors and food factories? Answer: chloroplasts", "output": [ "Leaves are rich in chloroplasts that function as solar collectors and food factories. The first leaves were very small, but leaves became larger over time." ] }, { "id": "task593-0661703212d44358a94ddd149b1320bb", "input": "Question: What is the term for the length of the route between two points? Answer: distance", "output": [ "Distance is the length of the route between two points. The SI unit for distance is the meter (m)." ] }, { "id": "task593-dd4a803e691146f2a6054de2f8263a4f", "input": "Question: What is the most important factor in determining the type of soil that forms in a particular area? Answer: climate", "output": [ "Climate is the most important factor in determining the type of soil that forms in a particular area." ] }, { "id": "task593-97570f0fb960478e80eb1479dab70abc", "input": "Question: When a fluorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a negative what? Answer: fluoride ion", "output": [ "When a fluorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a negative fluoride ion." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4712b34aeaf4d06908b93e7e83fcb1d", "input": "Question: The only obvious difference between boys and girls at birth is what type of organs? Answer: reproductive", "output": [ "The only obvious difference between boys and girls at birth is their reproductive organs. However, even the reproductive organs start out the same in both sexes." ] }, { "id": "task593-9661fbc8a4484a208bee88569c05e2f7", "input": "Question: What two organs secrete fluids that aid in digestion? Answer: pancreas and liver", "output": [ "The pancreas and liver secrete fluids that aid in digestion." ] }, { "id": "task593-00b61e05d3714556b7efe349c7a78cd5", "input": "Question: The central vacuole maintains turgor pressure against what? Answer: the cell wall", "output": [ "The central vacuole maintains turgor pressure against the cell wall." ] }, { "id": "task593-541896eb6c2044ae85fb2e0602ead778", "input": "Question: What leads to multiple copies of a chromosomal region? Answer: duplications (or amplifications )", "output": [ "Duplications (or amplifications ) lead to multiple copies of a chromosomal region, increasing the number of the genes located within that region. Some genes may be duplicated in their entirety." ] }, { "id": "task593-bb91b71315fa45e18cf0517b5e26f118", "input": "Question: The lithosphere-asthensophere divisions are based on what? Answer: mechanical properties", "output": [ "The lithosphere-asthensophere divisions are based on mechanical properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-a5b6f1c24d0448109207199ae40a0d6f", "input": "Question: What are the female gametes that form in the ovaries? Answer: eggs", "output": [ "Eggs are female gametes that form in the ovaries and are released into the fallopian tubes." ] }, { "id": "task593-49f4831102a140ecb5b22811ca353848", "input": "Question: Prokaryotic cells grow to a certain size and then they divide by which process? Answer: binary fission", "output": [ "Prokaryotic cells grow to a certain size. Then they divide by binary fission. This is a type of asexual reproduction." ] }, { "id": "task593-f988cd92b18342e196eaab09d2dfe05e", "input": "Question: Why do adult herbivores in a herd surround their young? Answer: to protect them as they are vulnerable to predators", "output": [ "Herbivores such as zebras and elephants live in herds . Adults in the herd surround and protect the young, who are most vulnerable to predators." ] }, { "id": "task593-1218cb62d358481faa944358a4eb3447", "input": "Question: What do all sound waves begin with? Answer: vibrating matter", "output": [ "All sound waves begin with vibrating matter. The vibrations generate longitudinal waves that travel through matter in all directions." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4830e8986864e84b8edcb9e1f8dd545", "input": "Question: Natural selection for what type of trait changes the distribution of phenotypes? Answer: polygenic trait", "output": [ "Natural selection for a polygenic trait changes the distribution of phenotypes. It may have a stabilizing, directional, or disruptive effect on the phenotype distribution." ] }, { "id": "task593-ce63f6fb4c1c45e2a0f63e9022148d50", "input": "Question: What term indicates moles per liter, whereas molality is moles per kilogram of solvent? Answer: molarity", "output": [ "A N SW E R S 1. Molarity is moles per liter, whereas molality is moles per kilogram of solvent." ] }, { "id": "task593-eeaefd449df6483d8de82702ebbf60b7", "input": "Question: What element chemically weathers rock by combining with a metal? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "Oxygen chemically weathers rock by combining with a metal." ] }, { "id": "task593-d1cc092b543c4a3bac9885f1ae14b25a", "input": "Question: Gymnosperms and angiosperms are types of _________ seed plants. Answer: modern", "output": [ "Modern seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms." ] }, { "id": "task593-ab0fe41ee3b74ce49da8be5a8b6800e3", "input": "Question: What mammalian structure allows the exchange of gases, nutrients, and other substances between the fetus and mother? Answer: placenta", "output": [ "Placenta of a Placental Mammal (Human). The placenta allows the exchange of gases, nutrients, and other substances between the fetus and mother." ] }, { "id": "task593-23a3eab9d41941acb7a8e5fc42519172", "input": "Question: The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of liquid water by 1°c is also known as? Answer: specific heat", "output": [ "State of matter that has a fixed volume and fixed shape." ] }, { "id": "task593-2c4a92f942b5430888f1c2de0b9c9307", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe birds that mate for an entire season or even stay paired for their entire life? Answer: monogamous", "output": [ "These birds are pairing up so that they can produce offspring. Many birds are monogamous , keeping the same mate for an entire season. In some species, they even stay paired for their entire life." ] }, { "id": "task593-61117e0e1fa84ffc9f02b68786a83ef1", "input": "Question: What is produced when hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are ignited? Answer: water", "output": [ "Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are ignited to produce water." ] }, { "id": "task593-64e77d0eeb774512bc898ee9d8cd299a", "input": "Question: What is the name for a specific amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent? Answer: solubility", "output": [ "Solubility is a specific amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent." ] }, { "id": "task593-b552dfb8a423408fa939f70a12f5eda6", "input": "Question: Cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons whose molecules are closed rings rather than straight or branched chains. a cyclic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon with a ring of these? Answer: carbon atoms", "output": [ "Cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons whose molecules are closed rings rather than straight or branched chains. A cyclic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon with a ring of carbon atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-8a6771aeeaf241d293df552b18affb17", "input": "Question: What are ocean waves mainly caused by? Answer: wind", "output": [ "Ocean waves are energy traveling through water. They are caused mainly by wind blowing over the water." ] }, { "id": "task593-9f47729935884d50ab385240234c0342", "input": "Question: What phenomenon is crowding out other species and making all the other causes of extinction worse? Answer: human overpopulation", "output": [ "Human overpopulation, which is crowding out other species. It also makes all the other causes of extinction worse." ] }, { "id": "task593-fb20676186174f1dbc2c0f42779fbc58", "input": "Question: Which gases trap heat in the atmosphere? Answer: greenhouse", "output": [ "Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere. These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and ozone." ] }, { "id": "task593-526d1c3e6a3c40949ba6b311adefe183", "input": "Question: What is one method to observe nebulae? Answer: telescope", "output": [ "Nebulae can be spotted with the naked eye or simple telescopes." ] }, { "id": "task593-f9617133b033438997d598a91d84f46b", "input": "Question: What does the distribution of darts on a dartboard shows the difference between? Answer: accuracy and precision", "output": [ "The distribution of darts on a dartboard shows the difference between accuracy and precision." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d778a61f4bc444c9c662b012d87401b", "input": "Question: What type of rocks are very useful for determining the deformation history of an area? Answer: sedimentary", "output": [ "Sedimentary rocks are very useful for determining the deformation history of an area." ] }, { "id": "task593-7d2767b6a91445788a5074b52b50f79e", "input": "Question: Where is the guinea worm a serious problem? Answer: africa", "output": [ "Guinea worm is a serious problem in parts of Africa that is being eradicated. Learn what is being done to decrease the number of people suffering from this parasite at the video below:." ] }, { "id": "task593-a5382f70e1444737bea6a4bca26b19be", "input": "Question: What happens to volume as the temperature increases? Answer: volume increases", "output": [ "The volume increases as the temperature increases. The result has three significant figures." ] }, { "id": "task593-05d3b6f70dab466c98dc9b76bfe736dc", "input": "Question: What do we call the temperature at which a substance melts? Answer: melting point", "output": [ "The temperature at which a substance melts is called its melting point. The melting point of ice is 0°C." ] }, { "id": "task593-68f59e9e8f5044aca88e750054710162", "input": "Question: Anaerobic prokaryotes can live without what compound in their environment (it's a compound that people do need to live)? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "Aerobic prokaryotes live in habitats with oxygen. Anaerobic prokaryotes live in habitats without oxygen. Prokaryotes may also be adapted to habitats that are hot, moderate, or cold in temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-776d2e054fc1458e9ce8282d7df8ea7b", "input": "Question: What occurs when plants release water vapor through stomata (leaf pores)? Answer: transpiration", "output": [ "Transpiration occurs when plants release water vapor through leaf pores called stomata (see Figure below ). The water is a product of photosynthesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-dcce7b6dcaab4aaeb2227e55e34f7ea6", "input": "Question: Bacteria are like eukaryotic cells in that they have cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a? Answer: plasma membrane", "output": [ "Bacteria are like eukaryotic cells in that they have cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane." ] }, { "id": "task593-f43b0dc4cb534f3b9f9d95bb590ffba9", "input": "Question: What is the base unit that frequency is typically measured in? Answer: hertz", "output": [ "The frequency , , is the number of cycles an object goes through in 1 second. Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz). 1 Hz = 1 cycle per sec." ] }, { "id": "task593-493d90a5619749d7b67890775b6a1390", "input": "Question: Which organ breaks down amino acids and toxins that are in the blood? Answer: liver", "output": [ "The liver breaks down excess amino acids and toxins in the blood." ] }, { "id": "task593-245b4a1a57724d5eae482b60d060208d", "input": "Question: Moist skin distinguishes frogs from what animal with dry, bumpy skin? Answer: toads", "output": [ "Although there is actually little difference between toads and frogs, this animal would most often be called a toad. Frogs have moist skin, while toads have dry, bumpy skin." ] }, { "id": "task593-c4f2abb044f148d4abbcebbb9b56f316", "input": "Question: Amino acids contain both a carboxylic acid group and what other group? Answer: amine", "output": [ "Amino acids contain both a carboxylic acid group and an amine group." ] }, { "id": "task593-0eca3109028b4c4998a00b108fdc4064", "input": "Question: What are the only regions of space that electrons can occupy? Answer: orbits", "output": [ "Electrons can occupy only certain regions of space, called orbits." ] }, { "id": "task593-ed4fa9fd6c3a41f79170cf065570f665", "input": "Question: How are the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas calculated? Answer: stoichiometry", "output": [ "The number of moles of carbon dioxide gas is first calculated by stoichiometry. Then the ideal gas law is used to calculate the volume of CO 2 produced." ] }, { "id": "task593-c621a6b162c54f90a3a2207fcc1af9df", "input": "Question: What is defined as a push or pull acting on an object? Answer: force", "output": [ "Force is defined as a push or pull acting on an object. Forces include gravity, friction, and applied force." ] }, { "id": "task593-be9332d98b794cd5b604b9e4a247dffd", "input": "Question: What kind of resource is soil? Answer: renewable", "output": [ "Soil is a renewable resource. Sometimes it is lost faster than it can be replaced." ] }, { "id": "task593-a9a0ba6566064c3ca91c15699792ab28", "input": "Question: What are daily changes in the level of ocean water called? Answer: tides", "output": [ "Tides are daily changes in the level of ocean water. They are caused mainly by the pull of the Moon’s gravity on Earth and its oceans. The Sun’s gravity also influences tides." ] }, { "id": "task593-ed8cf6adfc034a8dbdc31e4e73193d4d", "input": "Question: Ocean water releases dissolved carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when what happens to the temperature? Answer: it rises", "output": [ "Ocean water releases dissolved carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when water temperature rises." ] }, { "id": "task593-38f02300b1d9414a9d3a9f5789a6216c", "input": "Question: What are the bones in partly movable joints held in place by? Answer: cartilage", "output": [ "Partly movable joints allow only very limited movement. Bones at these joints are held in place by cartilage. The ribs and sternum are connected by partly movable joints." ] }, { "id": "task593-f78f6f8d64944be9bef8a8f4e2af59fb", "input": "Question: What kind of power plant uses energy to heat water that becomes steam and spins turbines? Answer: nuclear power plants", "output": [ "Nuclear power plants use the energy they produce to heat water. The water turns into steam, which causes a turbine to spin. This in turn produces electricity." ] }, { "id": "task593-ba06386e55f14201b3646690cbe592a9", "input": "Question: Fractures, osteoarthritis, and rickets are problems of which body system? Answer: skeletal system", "output": [ "Skeletal system problems include fractures, osteoarthritis, and rickets." ] }, { "id": "task593-1507344c7f9d4b84992e76c2bb2f18bf", "input": "Question: Particles of a gas are constantly moving and bumping into things. this gives gases what? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Particles of a gas are constantly moving and bumping into things. This gives gases pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-4329d489e9fb424481ac210e09952547", "input": "Question: Eukaryotic cell division involves mitosis and what? Answer: cytokinesis", "output": [ "Eukaryotic cell division involves mitosis and cytokinesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-2d1dad807f1549f48f0c39286b34e613", "input": "Question: Isothermal expansion is a process occurring without a change in? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "isothermal expansion is a process occurring without a change in temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-40f9de60371e4729b459e36663a8ed4e", "input": "Question: What causes genetic disorders in humans? Answer: alterations of chromosome", "output": [ "15.4 Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa323ba7942f4b4ab4697994a3546aba", "input": "Question: What do we call the amount of time a substance is stored in a reservoir? Answer: residence time", "output": [ "A substance is stored in a reservoir. The amount of time it stays in that reservoir is its residence time." ] }, { "id": "task593-d988814cef4e498382043866fbfba6a3", "input": "Question: What do bees do for flowering plants? Answer: pollinate", "output": [ "Thomas Quine (Flickr:quinet). Bees are important pollinators of flowering plants . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-ab1c83dc96ec439eb5f2d79c0dc4f9ff", "input": "Question: What is made up of a watery substance called cytosol and contains other cell structures such as ribosomes? Answer: cytoplasm", "output": [ "Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane. Cytoplasm is made up of a watery substance called cytosol and contains other cell structures such as ribosomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-d20c211691fe4db6933334f696c85c68", "input": "Question: What is the gland in the chest behind the breast bone that stores some types of lymphocytes while they mature? Answer: thymus", "output": [ "The thymus gland is in the chest behind the breast bone. It stores some types of lymphocytes while they mature." ] }, { "id": "task593-2fdf142218f046449fe5b98c78104c74", "input": "Question: Plant-like protists are autotrophs, meaning they make their own what? Answer: food", "output": [ "Plant-like protists are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food." ] }, { "id": "task593-ea250b57d4c54012b6a7bb02fa849350", "input": "Question: Which type of ferns have yellow sporangia and no leaves? Answer: whisk ferns", "output": [ "Forest and Kim Starr/Starr Environmental. Whisk ferns have yellow sporangia and no leaves . CC BY 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-259624d6417842e499a4f8a594920c68", "input": "Question: What is the most common type of cancer developed in children? Answer: leukemia", "output": [ "Childhood cancer is rare. The main type of cancer in children is leukemia. It makes up about one third of all childhood cancers. It occurs when the body makes abnormal white blood cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-b64e18aadf784e6e82446baa50a126ef", "input": "Question: What controls the movements of hands and arms? Answer: somatic nervous system", "output": [ "Scott Schram. The somatic nervous system controls the movements of hands and arms . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-6036a01c906845bea856298eb18df84a", "input": "Question: Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids are examples of what? Answer: lipids", "output": [ "Lipids are a diverse class of relatively nonpolar biomolecules that generally do not dissolve well in water. Common types of lipids include fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids." ] }, { "id": "task593-8f419f2c3c71438299967c0a29c6c205", "input": "Question: What do you call a substance that cannot be separated into smaller pieces, which is also defined by the number of protons it has? Answer: element", "output": [ "element: A substance that cannot be separated into smaller pieces. Defined by how many protons it has." ] }, { "id": "task593-1c8d3136e2624cb3a4e8a5b610f63cfa", "input": "Question: What forms when there is a difference in temperature between the land and the air? Answer: fog", "output": [ "Fog forms when there is a difference in temperature between the land and the air." ] }, { "id": "task593-78869c6b2b994964a9532e3dbc206f68", "input": "Question: The light reactions take place in which membranes? Answer: the thylakoid", "output": [ "Both stages of photosynthesis take place in chloroplasts. The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes, and the Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma." ] }, { "id": "task593-c1eb58f6a485442b8742e9c6479f7a78", "input": "Question: The ends of linear chromosomes are maintained by the action of which enzyme? Answer: telomerase", "output": [ "Figure 9.11 The ends of linear chromosomes are maintained by the action of the telomerase enzyme." ] }, { "id": "task593-a0c7b4941bed44a895781de981560854", "input": "Question: What are the winds that occur in belts that encircle the planet? Answer: global winds", "output": [ "Before catalytic converters were required, cars spewed a lot of pollutants into the air. On the left is a car without a catalytic converter. The car on the right has one." ] }, { "id": "task593-47dda8d38fe84540a7cfa82a23982ae1", "input": "Question: What consists of one or two closed loops through which current can flow? Answer: electric circuit", "output": [ "An electric circuit consists of one or two closed loops through which current can flow. It has a voltage source and a conductor and may have other devices such as lights and switches." ] }, { "id": "task593-f65664a802864e4995691376ab8c23f6", "input": "Question: Fungus-like protists are what kind of feeders? Answer: absorptive", "output": [ "Courtesy of H Weaver (JHU/APL), A Stern (SwRI), and the HST Pluto Companion Search Team. Pluto and its moon, Charon, are actually two objects . Public Domain." ] }, { "id": "task593-b21070a2636c427690986a403b95c55f", "input": "Question: A small scale version of what type of map displays individual rock units? Answer: geologic map", "output": [ "Geologic maps display rock units and geologic features. A small scale map displays individual rock units while a large scale map shows geologic provinces." ] }, { "id": "task593-d48bf8168d3842cba8bc0445289ff1ab", "input": "Question: Lavas that cool underwater are called what? Answer: pillow lavas", "output": [ "Different lava types create different rock types, such as pahoehoe and a'a. Lavas that cool underwater become pillow lavas." ] }, { "id": "task593-f32f988519a642e6aaa7a4563a06c082", "input": "Question: What causes acid rain? Answer: air pollution", "output": [ "Air pollution causes acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warming." ] }, { "id": "task593-f9c959abb9f045378715f6e713a5a43c", "input": "Question: What type of energy does chemosynthesis use to make food? Answer: chemical energy", "output": [ "Some bacterial autotrophs make food using chemosynthesis. This process uses chemical energy instead of light energy to produce food." ] }, { "id": "task593-50645d987c3e4ab7a46e1134b02ce482", "input": "Question: What is the type of plant called when its leaves seasonally turn color and fall off? Answer: deciduous plant", "output": [ "In a deciduous plant, leaves seasonally turn color and fall off the plant. They are replaced with new leaves later in the year." ] }, { "id": "task593-639fa9861efd43b5a50d8ea683f6445d", "input": "Question: What are centrioles made from? Answer: short microtubules", "output": [ "Centrioles are made of short microtubules and are very important in cell division." ] }, { "id": "task593-62c10a640a16476abbe843eba9bafa8b", "input": "Question: Salts of weak acids or bases can affect the acidity or what of their aqueous solution? Answer: basicity", "output": [ "Salts of weak acids or bases can affect the acidity or basicity of their aqueous solutions." ] }, { "id": "task593-c61ad1d3da994af18d2fbe295d82921a", "input": "Question: Hydrogen peroxide is commonly sold as a 3% by volume solution for use as a what? Answer: disinfectant", "output": [ "Hydrogen peroxide is commonly sold as a 3% by volume solution for use as a disinfectant." ] }, { "id": "task593-bfc726abcc3a4c2fa003ffb70ea04220", "input": "Question: What system of the body uses amylase and pepsin in its functioning? Answer: digestive system", "output": [ "Top: Flickr:LearningLark; Bottom: Laura Guerin (CK-12 Foundation). Amylase and pepsin are used in our digestive system . Top: CC BY 2.0; Bottom: CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-a323d7229ad744508fb584be68900fd2", "input": "Question: What involves the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide? Answer: combustion reactions", "output": [ "Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide." ] }, { "id": "task593-62197c7e8dd2432e8c51925b6afbd0fe", "input": "Question: What keeps glaciers from forming in water? Answer: warmth", "output": [ "Glaciers form only on land because water is too warm. When a glacier flows into water, it usually breaks up into icebergs. Those icebergs eventually melt into the water." ] }, { "id": "task593-26481a73037f4ad88aa3ae7619bbcee1", "input": "Question: What gland secretes a fluid that mixes with sperm to help form semen? Answer: prostate gland", "output": [ "The prostate gland secretes a fluid that mixes with sperm to help form semen. Semen is a whitish liquid that contains sperm. It passes through the urethra and out of the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-d79c94a40cf04e9db518352089aa629c", "input": "Question: What is the hollow and muscular balloon-shaped organ that collects urine? Answer: urinary bladder", "output": [ "The urinary bladder is a hollow and muscular organ. It is shaped a little like a balloon. It is the organ that collects urine." ] }, { "id": "task593-4b6566b387f444fea44a37932f3d5a2a", "input": "Question: What type of alloys are used in musical instruments? Answer: brass", "output": [ "Brass alloys have long been employed in musical instruments." ] }, { "id": "task593-2bb3d7b6f235466ca22466bd1328261c", "input": "Question: What do you require to test a hypothesis? Answer: data", "output": [ "Testing a hypothesis requires data. Data can be gathered by observations or by experiments." ] }, { "id": "task593-e752628d22ab4b4baf527d3c937a2a52", "input": "Question: Where do archea live? Answer: everywhere", "output": [ "Archaea live everywhere on Earth, including extreme environments." ] }, { "id": "task593-725d67edb05b4aa1b26e5990cab8fd17", "input": "Question: Seawalls and breakwaters are built parallel to what? Answer: shore", "output": [ "Seawalls and breakwaters are built parallel to the shore." ] }, { "id": "task593-f5a2d1bff2d7403799f303b77b2121fc", "input": "Question: What is the term for an organism, or single living thing? Answer: individual", "output": [ "An individual is an organism, or single living thing." ] }, { "id": "task593-3abe99e48ff3462783fad39638df05fb", "input": "Question: What type of masses are structureless particles that cannot spin? Answer: point masses", "output": [ "• Point masses are structureless particles that cannot spin." ] }, { "id": "task593-5e52fe723613403c9c24787f1c0a3e3b", "input": "Question: What system transports many substances to and from cells throughout the body? Answer: cardiovascular", "output": [ "The cardiovascular system transports many substances to and from cells throughout the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-ec871a4eda6a44518f3960dbc8391aa5", "input": "Question: Characterized by uncontrolled growth, cancerous cells are also called what? Answer: malignant", "output": [ "Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancerous cells are also called malignant cells. There are over 200 different known cancers that afflict humans." ] }, { "id": "task593-44b8234f476f49538ac1312555d57e30", "input": "Question: What does the cell cycle do? Answer: divide and reproduce cells", "output": [ "The cell cycle is a repeating series of events, characterizing the life of a eukaryotic cell." ] }, { "id": "task593-cf1e07d19f514f2cb7d0667d7c6658b4", "input": "Question: Wearing what will reduce the amplitude of sound waves entering the ears? Answer: hearing protectors", "output": [ "Hearing loss due to loud sounds can be prevented by wearing hearing protectors. They reduce the amplitude of sound waves entering the ears." ] }, { "id": "task593-56f2279ef6704b1dbac89b639650a400", "input": "Question: What do clouds trap into the atmosphere at night? Answer: heat", "output": [ "Clouds block sunlight in the day. Clouds trap heat in the atmosphere at night." ] }, { "id": "task593-a218c115316b48d39892bc03bb831a04", "input": "Question: Where does the process of digestion start? Answer: mouth", "output": [ "Digestion starts in the mouth. When food is swallowed, it travels through the esophagus to the stomach. In the stomach, digestion continues and a small amount of absorption of nutrients takes place." ] }, { "id": "task593-1530818b1b14439c82f7daf8b5a8c746", "input": "Question: What can carry nerve impulses from tissues and organs to the spinal cord and brain? Answer: sensory neurons", "output": [ "Sensory neurons carry nerve impulses from tissues and organs to the spinal cord and brain." ] }, { "id": "task593-e9f8873b7c8d42a2a1b3d627712cfe2a", "input": "Question: Ginkgo trees are gymnosperms with broad? Answer: leaves", "output": [ "Ginkgo trees are gymnosperms with broad leaves." ] }, { "id": "task593-efff8911c6184d8689ca90db9f0855a8", "input": "Question: Alkanes are nonpolar and therefore do not attract what? Answer: ions", "output": [ "Alkanes are nonpolar; they do not attract ions." ] }, { "id": "task593-defc4caebf5643f6b5de6d8908d29424", "input": "Question: What direction are sediments deposited? Answer: horizontally", "output": [ "Sediments are deposited horizontally so sedimentary rock layers are originally horizontal." ] }, { "id": "task593-5c198daff8014327a83fc31e376666f9", "input": "Question: What is the name of the mineral that contains calcium, carbon and oxygen? Answer: calcite", "output": [ "Law stating that pressure in a moving fluid is less when the fluid is moving faster." ] }, { "id": "task593-fc01288c16e24bd98c6ff7c3240eade9", "input": "Question: A rounded hollow carved in the side of a mountain by a glacier is known as? Answer: a cirque", "output": [ "A cirque is a rounded hollow carved in the side of a mountain by a glacier. The highest cliff of a cirque is called the headwall." ] }, { "id": "task593-d10b85a4bcf548c4b8c07ddb4c538235", "input": "Question: When does a baby double in length and triple in weight? Answer: infancy", "output": [ "Scientific notation is a way of writing very large or very small numbers that uses exponents. Numbers are written in the format a × 10 b ." ] }, { "id": "task593-cc8a99598d824ca3ac7164a04415e54b", "input": "Question: Density is defined as the mass of an object divided by its what? Answer: volume", "output": [ "Density is defined as the mass of an object divided by its volume. Propose a unit of density in terms of the fundamental SI units." ] }, { "id": "task593-907194e3bdc645739c591a5a9622a8fa", "input": "Question: Matter can be described with what two encompassing types of properties? Answer: physical and chemical", "output": [ "Matter can be described with both physical properties and chemical properties." ] }, { "id": "task593-206384e1f624462b804f87fc9632b3c0", "input": "Question: What mainly gives the body energy? Answer: food", "output": [ "Food gives the body energy. You need energy for everything you do. The energy in food is measured in a unit called the Calorie." ] }, { "id": "task593-9e18449a681449adbf23449e57e7415e", "input": "Question: Compared with the molecules of many other substances, molecules of water are strongly attracted to what? Answer: each other", "output": [ "Compared with the molecules of many other substances, molecules of water are strongly attracted to each other. How is this likely to affect the boiling point of water?." ] }, { "id": "task593-dd7b5a8ead7c4328be887b33aa22c84d", "input": "Question: What type of bacteria stains red? Answer: gram-negative bacteria", "output": [ "Bacteria that stain red are called gram-negative bacteria. They have a thin cell wall with an outer membrane." ] }, { "id": "task593-f9c0a09ffb7c4157b6af0734f0bd4a8e", "input": "Question: Secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions that occur when pollution is exposed to what? Answer: sunlight", "output": [ "Secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions that occur when pollution is exposed to sunlight." ] }, { "id": "task593-16699e7f5dfb41e984f05fa462760b98", "input": "Question: The atomic number defines the identity of what? Answer: element", "output": [ "The atomic number defines the identity of an element." ] }, { "id": "task593-8fdf9af63cc14cd6920559bd4a50e2e6", "input": "Question: What includes the bones and cartilage? Answer: skeleton", "output": [ "The human skeleton includes bones and cartilage." ] }, { "id": "task593-0b4c864d34d04e55af19c88bb6d5b00f", "input": "Question: The stoichiometric coefficients indicate the relative amounts of what? Answer: reactants and products", "output": [ "stoichiometric coefficient : The letters a, b, c, and d where A and B are reactants, and C and D are products. The stoichiometric coefficients indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products." ] }, { "id": "task593-a734f91b81ea46f0a5a3ddcd7b3a1250", "input": "Question: How much distance can beta particles travel through air? Answer: meter", "output": [ "Beta particles can travel up to a meter through air. They can pass through paper and cloth but not through a sheet of aluminum. They can penetrate and damage tissues beneath the skin." ] }, { "id": "task593-c926b2c217f5465a8c0fab0d51995876", "input": "Question: What occurs when nature reclaims areas formerly occupied by life? Answer: secondary succession", "output": [ "Forest and Kim Starr (Flickr:Starr Environmental). Secondary succession occurs when nature reclaims areas formerly occupied by life . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-36d94e0e90334cd78e0142f7e9b73562", "input": "Question: How do you add two dimensional vectors? Answer: geometrically", "output": [ "Vectors that are in two dimensions are added geometrically." ] }, { "id": "task593-1bb692a41ba9465f873c357284ce00f9", "input": "Question: What is it called when plant roots absorb liquid water and release water vapor into the atmosphere? Answer: transpiration", "output": [ "Liquid water is taken up by plant roots. The plant releases water vapor into the atmosphere. This is transpiration." ] }, { "id": "task593-a74dea9e62cf438e9d05a632df213659", "input": "Question: What can be classified as monoprotic or polyprotic based on the number of acidic hydrogens they contain? Answer: acids", "output": [ "Acids can be classified as monoprotic or polyprotic based on the number of acidic hydrogens they contain." ] }, { "id": "task593-42b06f18edee453eaccd5c217b7b8bde", "input": "Question: Molds, pollen, and pet dander are examples of air pollution with what type of source? Answer: biological", "output": [ "Biological sources of air pollution include molds, pollen, and pet dander." ] }, { "id": "task593-60a557dffc924549a64769f63aa8a8dd", "input": "Question: The scientific name of an organism consists of its genus and what else? Answer: species", "output": [ "The scientific name of an organism consists of its genus and species." ] }, { "id": "task593-10a7ed8a8e7544faa3312e51eab42ffa", "input": "Question: What preventative measure is often delivered by injection into the arm? Answer: vaccine", "output": [ "Figure 42.18 Vaccines are often delivered by injection into the arm. (credit: U. Navy Photographer's Mate Airman Apprentice Christopher D. Blachly)." ] }, { "id": "task593-1e435036493c4e7d8133547b26dbda34", "input": "Question: What is a process in which some substances change into different substances? Answer: a chemical reaction", "output": [ "A chemical reaction is a process in which some substances change into different substances. In a chemical reaction, bonds break in reactants and new bonds form in products." ] }, { "id": "task593-72dccb8840464e7b97a30cbb45726bc7", "input": "Question: What changes nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb? Answer: bacteria", "output": [ "Bacteria change nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb." ] }, { "id": "task593-6bef55c02762490a929a30b4c53e743c", "input": "Question: Difference in electric potential energy are measured in what basic unit? Answer: volts", "output": [ "The difference in electric potential energy is measured with a voltmeter in units called volts." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d244567924647d4b091224b9d3b2d37", "input": "Question: Platforms, arches, and sea stacks are all landforms created by what? Answer: erosion", "output": [ "Some landforms created by erosion are platforms, arches, and sea stacks." ] }, { "id": "task593-2be042a1208b4fc5819aadeec097e831", "input": "Question: What is damaged in the inner ear by loud sounds that cause hearing loss? Answer: hair cells", "output": [ "Loud sounds can cause hearing loss by damaging hair cells in the inner ear. The louder the sounds are, the less exposure is needed to cause hearing loss." ] }, { "id": "task593-0c6e938a54f7420f8f366e37f006ae1a", "input": "Question: Niche refers to the role a species plays in what? Answer: the ecosystem", "output": [ "The role a species plays in the ecosystem is called its niche." ] }, { "id": "task593-f9904121dca64217a1209af7693c8b85", "input": "Question: What are fungus like protists? Answer: slime molds and water molds", "output": [ "Examples of fungus-like protists include slime molds and water molds." ] }, { "id": "task593-492de86ba89c4b8ab2259b63e342a48b", "input": "Question: What sprouts up on stalks from the bed of moss gametophytes? Answer: sporophytes", "output": [ "Sporophytes sprout up on stalks from this bed of moss gametophytes. Notice that both the sporophytes and gametophytes exist at the same time." ] }, { "id": "task593-8b4195132ff14e7793ed761dc48ebd75", "input": "Question: Where are sperm produced in the process of spermatogenesis? Answer: testes", "output": [ "Sperm are produced in the testes in the process of spermatogenesis. They mature in the epididymes before being ejaculated from the body through the penis." ] }, { "id": "task593-fdedea08a48d47929e3b38db54e8bd9e", "input": "Question: All living things maintain a stable internal environment through what process? Answer: homeostasis", "output": [ "All living things have ways of maintaining a stable internal environment. This stable condition is called homeostasis." ] }, { "id": "task593-508376c101dc4777a83b433dfd7f2048", "input": "Question: The kinetic energy of molecules is generally proportionate to what other property that they have? Answer: temperature", "output": [ "The average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to the temperature of the sample." ] }, { "id": "task593-83252f80957b451aabcf2d930dd94626", "input": "Question: Lava flows from a volcano and hardens into what? Answer: rock", "output": [ "lava flows from a volcano and hardens into rock." ] }, { "id": "task593-e6c1bfa8a91941478cf6243a869eb0d3", "input": "Question: Glass breaking is an example of what type of change that doesn't affect the makeup of matter? Answer: physical", "output": [ "Physical changes are changes in the physical properties of matter but not in the makeup of matter. An example of a physical change is glass breaking." ] }, { "id": "task593-b331162c363c4b478e3fefc49be5c770", "input": "Question: What is the term for the remains or traces of living organisms? Answer: fossils", "output": [ "Fossils are the remains or traces of living organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-6b63ca4f8f3544699dcf585074ea16d6", "input": "Question: What consists mainly of parenchymal cells with chloroplasts? Answer: mesophyll", "output": [ "Mesophyll makes up most of the leaf’s interior. This is where photosynthesis occurs. Mesophyll consists mainly of parenchymal cells with chloroplasts." ] }, { "id": "task593-b2542478a3794cb78d6bb4c67789fb39", "input": "Question: What is name of the phenomenon where similar traits evolve independently in species that do not share a common ancestry? Answer: convergent evolution", "output": [ "Figure 22.31 The force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is." ] }, { "id": "task593-f43beb007663448a91537f133a14494b", "input": "Question: All chemical changes involve a transfer of what? Answer: energy", "output": [ "Describe ways protists are important to humans." ] }, { "id": "task593-210c7a90698243b8828ffd99893bcc04", "input": "Question: What kind of climates are found at or near the equator? Answer: tropical climates", "output": [ "Tropical climates are found at or near the Equator. Because warm air rises at the Equator, there is a lot of rain." ] }, { "id": "task593-43225040a41546bcb1e353ff9434c147", "input": "Question: What can be calculated given the mass and speed of an object? Answer: kinetic energy", "output": [ "Given the mass and speed of an object, calculate its kinetic energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-ad9ad39fd4334223920596b3d9a3019b", "input": "Question: What can be used to speed up biochemical reactions? Answer: enzymes", "output": [ "pH values for several common materials are listed." ] }, { "id": "task593-e93bd39b26964da28936116b2ad7b290", "input": "Question: Breeding in birds occurs through an internal type of what process? Answer: fertilization", "output": [ "Breeding in birds is through internal fertilization, where the egg is fertilized inside the female." ] }, { "id": "task593-35f130010aaa4364bc032557e1f37cb7", "input": "Question: What is the process by which organisms break down chemicals to make food energy? Answer: chemosynthesis", "output": [ "In chemosynthesis, organisms break down chemicals to make food energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-b3f5b5a9036c411e95a9590a4fd3bc36", "input": "Question: The fetal stage begins about how long after fertilization? Answer: two months", "output": [ "The fetal stage begins about two months after fertilization and continues until birth. During this stage, organs continue to develop, and the fetus grows in size." ] }, { "id": "task593-02ba4b2d5d4d440898195b624e957b00", "input": "Question: Mushrooms and other fungi obtain energy from what? Answer: other organisms", "output": [ "Mushrooms and other fungi obtain energy from other organisms. That’s why you often see fungi growing on a fallen tree; the rotting tree is their source of energy ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-21e01cf44c52445c98507db380d71073", "input": "Question: Visible light is part of what spectrum? Answer: electromagnetic spectrum", "output": [ "Visible light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-19c20d4daf35468b82adc7653b5f1002", "input": "Question: The penis, testes and epididymes are structures in what male anatomical system? Answer: reproductive", "output": [ "The male reproductive system consists of structures that produce sperm and secrete testosterone. They include the penis, testes, and epididymes." ] }, { "id": "task593-ed5ea6286938450bb12165d724ded17d", "input": "Question: Water, carbon dioxide, and what other element are important agents of chemical weathering? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are important agents of chemical weathering." ] }, { "id": "task593-ad69c12cb4cb4d10a2901d09034acd86", "input": "Question: What type of plant tissue transports water and dissolved mineral upward to the leaves? Answer: xylem", "output": [ "Xylem carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots upward to the leaves." ] }, { "id": "task593-211ea0ec9fa44459a9c80ff967e378d8", "input": "Question: The sun’s energy is converted to chemical energy by a what? Answer: plant", "output": [ "The sun’s energy is converted to chemical energy by a plant. An animal gets energy when it eats the plant. The student gets energy when it eats the animal. The boy’s energy is used to pedal the bike." ] }, { "id": "task593-bbc4779f607041f194b0fd334083a8bc", "input": "Question: What class of invertebrate animals has additional appendages called the chelicerae and the pedipalps? Answer: arachnid", "output": [ "Arachnids also have two additional pairs of appendages. The first pair, the chelicerae , serve in feeding and defense. The next pair, the pedipalps , help the organisms feed, move, and reproduce." ] }, { "id": "task593-642f4340a5974b9b855b46df540b7cc1", "input": "Question: What type of rain dissolves and damages stone buildings and statues? Answer: acid rain", "output": [ "A: Acid rain dissolves and damages stone buildings and statues. The Figure below shows a statue that has been damaged by acid rain." ] }, { "id": "task593-9d0a57ca98f34da7ab2dce138a610dc1", "input": "Question: All three types of convergent plate boundaries produce what destructive phenomenon? Answer: earthquake", "output": [ "All three types of convergent plate boundaries produce massive earthquakes." ] }, { "id": "task593-92008c30e8bd45778aeeda96368daed6", "input": "Question: In machines that increase force, such as ramps and doorknobs and nutcrackers, what is the relation between output and input force? Answer: output is greater", "output": [ "For machines that increase force — including ramps, doorknobs, and nutcrackers — the output force is greater than the input force. Therefore, the mechanical advantage is greater than 1." ] }, { "id": "task593-a3e00c303ab04c43882daecb20474b47", "input": "Question: Most bacteria may be placed into one of three groups based on their response to gaseous? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "Most bacteria may be placed into one of three groups based on their response to gaseous oxygen. What are these three groups?." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa2a720bf1594f279e869248a1b0618e", "input": "Question: Particles of sand and what other substance are carried by longshore drift? Answer: rock", "output": [ "Longshore drift carries particles of sand and rock down a coastline." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7e6166c74e7427ba18eb530410be02b", "input": "Question: As ph increases what happens to a solution? Answer: becomes more basic", "output": [ "The deprotonated form of an acid is referred to as its conjugate base. Similarly, the protonated form of a base is referred to as its conjugate acid." ] }, { "id": "task593-f4b7fb85873a4befb753b207801c5fb7", "input": "Question: What stages in the life of a cell does the cell cycle include? Answer: all", "output": [ "Cell division is just one stage of the cell cycle. The cell cycle includes all of the stages in the life of a cell. The cell cycle is more complex in eukaryotic than prokaryotic cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-fae150d9135d4e45b4d5d9c6a02f49e8", "input": "Question: Mirrors and lenses are used in optical instruments to reflect and refract what? Answer: light", "output": [ "Mirrors and lenses are used in optical instruments to reflect and refract light. Optical instruments include microscopes, telescopes, cameras, and lasers." ] }, { "id": "task593-07bdbcde2dda44b5b1b5984a2732e3bf", "input": "Question: Name the missing type of friction: static, rolling, fluid _____? Answer: sliding", "output": [ "Friction is the force that opposes motion between any surfaces that are in contact. There are four types of friction: static, sliding, rolling, and fluid friction." ] }, { "id": "task593-9946fef3fdb747e59e1c10c957eef993", "input": "Question: Cigarettes are a major source of what kind of chemical substances linked with cancer? Answer: carcinogens", "output": [ "Courtesy of the CDC/Debora Cartagena. Cigarettes are a major source of chemical carcinogens ." ] }, { "id": "task593-3166adbff32244269f7f09bce4991c33", "input": "Question: Refracting and reflecting telescopes are optical telescopes that use lenses to gather what? Answer: light", "output": [ "Refracting and reflecting telescopes are optical telescopes that use lenses to gather light." ] }, { "id": "task593-99d9bb506d324cbe9232b0165f5a498d", "input": "Question: By what process does the haploid gametophyte produce the gametes? Answer: mitosis", "output": [ "The haploid gametophyte produces the gametes, or sperm and egg, by mitosis. Remember, gametes are haploid, having one set of chromosomes." ] }, { "id": "task593-32158b46946647ca8d412907eb5e6563", "input": "Question: How does burning matter affect its mass? Answer: the mass remains the same", "output": [ "Burning and other changes in matter do not destroy matter. The mass of matter is always the same before and after the changes occur." ] }, { "id": "task593-9ed0b1c852714c9dba6c4a0432783d6e", "input": "Question: What are the nonliving aspects of the environment called? Answer: abiotic factors", "output": [ "Abiotic factors are the nonliving aspects of the environment. They include factors such as sunlight, soil, temperature, and water." ] }, { "id": "task593-df1cf02bd9084a608a3d7a6cbaec3cf8", "input": "Question: What are the parts used in electronic devices such as computers called? Answer: electronic components", "output": [ "Electronic components are the parts used in electronic devices such as computers. Types of electronic components include diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits." ] }, { "id": "task593-9b0571bd2fd843e8967131babd76933b", "input": "Question: What is the shape of the orbits that planets make around the sun? Answer: elliptical", "output": [ "The planets make slightly elliptical orbits around the Sun." ] }, { "id": "task593-87480992f6274e5090fea4218fec3dbc", "input": "Question: What property is associated with the number of reactant molecules involved in an elementary step? Answer: molecularity", "output": [ "The number of reactant molecules in an elementary step is referred to as its molecularity. The vast majority of elementary steps are unimolecular or bimolecular." ] }, { "id": "task593-b7214fcd4d604a8e8b8e88c503b8a440", "input": "Question: If a sedimentary rock layer is not horizontal, what is it? Answer: deformed", "output": [ "Sedimentary rock layers that are not horizontal are deformed." ] }, { "id": "task593-ce0d9196f0984450b7f7a51538d6bd7c", "input": "Question: What are mars' moons thought to be? Answer: captured asteroids", "output": [ "Mars has two moons that are thought to be captured asteroids." ] }, { "id": "task593-4ca83d37f72c4c7db7b191f1c1e5c382", "input": "Question: What term means the force of attraction that holds together oppositely charged ions? Answer: ionic bond", "output": [ "An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds form crystals instead of molecules. Table salt contains ionic bonds." ] }, { "id": "task593-3537f03dbaf5497c85408009352dbbbe", "input": "Question: The hydration of what is what makes many alcohols? Answer: alkenes", "output": [ "Many alcohols are made by the hydration of alkenes." ] }, { "id": "task593-f112ad08e76f43369d75ef90cdf4b90b", "input": "Question: What organism captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy inside its cell? Answer: phototrophs", "output": [ "Because glaciers move, they have characteristic features like crevasses and bergshrunds." ] }, { "id": "task593-45b399fc7103410b8202f4ad97aea73c", "input": "Question: Light reactions also release oxygen gas as a what? Answer: waste product", "output": [ "The light reactions also release oxygen gas as a waste product." ] }, { "id": "task593-99792a09b81248f3acc15ed3c4c2ee31", "input": "Question: Which is the largest planet in our solar system? Answer: jupiter", "output": [ "Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system." ] }, { "id": "task593-928c4030fee946659ebc6580dbb545ab", "input": "Question: What do we call the amount of time it will take for half of the radioactive material to decay? Answer: one half-life", "output": [ "The measure of how quickly a nucleus decays is given by the half-life of the nucleus. One half-life is the amount of time it will take for half of the radioactive material to decay." ] }, { "id": "task593-1a0a0eb74e71408a8ba00143d56651bb", "input": "Question: What are the most dramatic, sudden, and dangerous types of mass wasting? Answer: landslides", "output": [ "Landslides are the most dramatic, sudden, and dangerous types of mass wasting. Landslides are sudden falls of rock; by contrast, avalanches are sudden falls of snow." ] }, { "id": "task593-ad5696a0f53746958fd4d89d613ed7ef", "input": "Question: What are plant-like protists called? Answer: algae", "output": [ "Plant-like protists are called algae. They include single-celled diatoms and multicellular seaweed." ] }, { "id": "task593-5e43a2b6e3db4c5498f9660d14421749", "input": "Question: How are weather patterns formed? Answer: uneven heating of the atmosphere", "output": [ "Weather refers to conditions of the atmosphere at a given time and place. It occurs because of unequal heating of the atmosphere. Humidity, clouds, and precipitation are important weather factors." ] }, { "id": "task593-74bf10aa5424453197228f90ffa2b822", "input": "Question: What are oil in folded layers of rock called? Answer: anticlines", "output": [ "Geologists look for oil in folded layers of rock called anticlines ( Figure below ). Oil moves through permeable rock and is trapped by the impermeable cap rock." ] }, { "id": "task593-fe36999136ae4f9ab52029c073290520", "input": "Question: Where part of the atmosphere is the uppermost mantle? Answer: lithosphere", "output": [ "The lithosphere is the brittle crust and uppermost mantle." ] }, { "id": "task593-7f5592425c024ffb964c323b86395e18", "input": "Question: What is connected to, and dependent on, the gametophyte? Answer: the sporophyte", "output": [ "Following fertilization, the sporophyte forms. The sporophyte is connected to, and dependent on, the gametophyte." ] }, { "id": "task593-1eaf2c5d9a1142d3aeb7af6dbfda6e60", "input": "Question: Where do all cells come from? Answer: pre-existing cells", "output": [ "All cells come from pre-existing cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-533b04d61cdd4122be969ee4b3608867", "input": "Question: Isotopes have different number of these in their nuclei? Answer: neutrons", "output": [ "Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei." ] }, { "id": "task593-5c578e86545d43c88922f9d9b4e4ed7e", "input": "Question: Electrons in the \"outer shell\" are also known as what kind of electrons? Answer: valence", "output": [ "Determine the total number of valence (outer shell) electrons. For cations, subtract one electron for each." ] }, { "id": "task593-078a60f769e647eba31ccc5dee927e3b", "input": "Question: Average speed is equal to distance divided by what? Answer: time", "output": [ "Average speed is distance divided by time." ] }, { "id": "task593-a68cb96d6e954e3f948669fe348fd70f", "input": "Question: Chemical elements and water are recycled through what cycle? Answer: biogeochemical", "output": [ "Chemical elements and water are recycled through biogeochemical cycles. The cycles include both biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystems." ] }, { "id": "task593-5a50f0e7b525409db8a2f27e69efccd5", "input": "Question: Amylase and pepsin are examples of enzymes needed for what process? Answer: digestion", "output": [ "More than 1000 different enzymes are necessary for human life. Many enzymes are needed for the digestion of food. Two examples are amylase and pepsin. Both are described in the Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-1466883a90b8478caa792676dd8716d2", "input": "Question: Which type of glaciers form several unique features through erosion, including cirques, arêtes, and horns? Answer: valley glaciers", "output": [ "Glaciers cause erosion by plucking and abrasion. Valley glaciers form several unique features through erosion, including cirques, arêtes, and horns." ] }, { "id": "task593-991fd9052faf4028b6fda02ca32b94de", "input": "Question: What has high surface tension because of extensive hydrogen bonding? Answer: water", "output": [ "Water has high surface tension because of extensive hydrogen bonding." ] }, { "id": "task593-5b367a53308442f585ebcb021bb5b2cb", "input": "Question: What is the term for the change in temperature with distance? Answer: temperature gradient", "output": [ "Temperature gradient is the change in temperature with distance." ] }, { "id": "task593-c617ca35c1f746c2a9af324f2d8d0ad2", "input": "Question: What else besides temperature has an effect on the phase of a substance? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Butter is a fat that is a solid at room temperature. What type of fatty acid does butter contain? How do you know?." ] }, { "id": "task593-ece2796bc7d44fe68ab698ed3e025081", "input": "Question: Roundworms are intervertebrates that belong to which phylum? Answer: nematoda", "output": [ "Roundworms are invertebrates in Phylum Nematoda. Roundworms have a pseudocoelom and complete digestive system. They are free-living heterotrophs or parasites." ] }, { "id": "task593-52917d91bc5f49bb8706a05240a24438", "input": "Question: What type of ions do ionic compounds contain? Answer: positive and negative", "output": [ "An ionic compound contains positive and negative ions." ] }, { "id": "task593-e163ff7c4bc14836bdc35d73f72de650", "input": "Question: Through what does the nerve impulses travel to the brain? Answer: optic nerve", "output": [ "When light hits rods and cones, it causes chemical changes. The chemical changes start nerve impulses. The nerve impulses travel to the brain through the optic nerve ." ] }, { "id": "task593-fe21e644986a432298c993c14570b535", "input": "Question: What are the membrane-bound organelles that are usually larger than vesicles and can have secretory, excretory, and storage functions? Answer: vacuoles", "output": [ "Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles that can have secretory, excretory, and storage functions. They are usually larger than vesicles." ] }, { "id": "task593-560464cefa8d4c089125523072d2f536", "input": "Question: What equals the mass of the object (in kilograms) times the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s 2 )? Answer: weight", "output": [ "Weight is a measure of the force of gravity pulling on an object of a given mass. It equals the mass of the object (in kilograms) times the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s 2 )." ] }, { "id": "task593-c4317cb6196f483183a14535e6eab147", "input": "Question: Organelles whose membranes are specialized for aerobic respiration are called what? Answer: mitochondria", "output": [ "Mitochondria are organelles whose membranes are specialized for aerobic respiration." ] }, { "id": "task593-f31c96e3a3ff47d39acdb00cd64caf18", "input": "Question: What is determined by the energy of the disturbance that causes the wave? Answer: wave amplitude", "output": [ "Wave amplitude is determined by the energy of the disturbance that causes the wave. A wave caused by a disturbance with more energy has greater amplitude." ] }, { "id": "task593-f04225dfba5c458785003bcd95112bc6", "input": "Question: When is the sun directly over the equator? Answer: equinox", "output": [ "Solstice refers to the position of the Sun when it is closest to one of the poles. At equinox, the Sun is directly over the Equator." ] }, { "id": "task593-3d6986afb3a045d7bf7d8fad58ac136f", "input": "Question: What is a measure of the amount of space a substance or an object takes up? Answer: volume", "output": [ "Volume measures the amount of space that a substance or an object takes up. The basic SI unit for volume is the cubic meter (m 3 )." ] }, { "id": "task593-cdbd2684f1b745c5b71f8026b6f18f2b", "input": "Question: What is the type of cell division that produces gametes? Answer: meiosis", "output": [ "Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes." ] }, { "id": "task593-60ccd3f054284ea9aef3c2fbc4a72ea3", "input": "Question: What are seamounts that rise above the water surface called? Answer: islands", "output": [ "A seamount is a volcanic mountain on the ocean floor. Seamounts that rise above the water surface are known as islands. There are many seamounts dotting the seafloor." ] }, { "id": "task593-db62db16010e401f81ba9a72b248e428", "input": "Question: What is the term for the energy of motion, which is exhibited by the speed of an object? Answer: kinetic energy", "output": [ "The energy of motion is kinetic energy, KE. Whenever an object is in motion it has kinetic energy. The faster it is going, the more energy it has." ] }, { "id": "task593-18391c3703594186be3fc4a447d68695", "input": "Question: What does bile help to digest ? Answer: fat", "output": [ "The liver secretes bile acids. Bile acids help digest fat. Some liver bile is secreted directly into the small intestine." ] }, { "id": "task593-47070b783d66469aa3a415bd3f44822e", "input": "Question: What is the term for a process that changes some chemical substances into others? Answer: chemical reaction", "output": [ "A chemical reaction is a process that changes some chemical substances into others. During a chemical reaction, the reactants are used up to create the products." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c0c07a2b9e646c893dc57b46fc46af5", "input": "Question: How many nonpolar bonds does an oxygen molecule have? Answer: 2", "output": [ "An oxygen molecule has two nonpolar bonds. This is called a double bond. The two oxygen atoms attract equally the four shared electrons." ] }, { "id": "task593-c4233e9241ed4854aab91114d4d9b20b", "input": "Question: When volume does not change, temperature is proportional to what other property? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Pressure and temperature at constant volume are directly proportional." ] }, { "id": "task593-848588a0db534fbc8f261806f4e94224", "input": "Question: Alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or _______. Answer: ketones", "output": [ "Alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or ketones." ] }, { "id": "task593-9b4fd7754db94293a6642063ae8b20f1", "input": "Question: The first leaves of most ferns appear curled up into what? Answer: fiddleheads", "output": [ "The first leaves of most ferns appear curled up into fiddleheads." ] }, { "id": "task593-69cfdf02a67748f2aea04246e8106b4e", "input": "Question: What organs filter wastes from blood so they can be excreted from the body? Answer: kidneys", "output": [ "Vertebrates have an excretory system that includes a pair of kidneys. Kidneys are organs that filter wastes from blood so they can be excreted from the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-a044c9a9bb564e73952ef725203be24f", "input": "Question: What do decomposers release when they break down dead organisms? Answer: nutrients", "output": [ "Decomposers release nutrients when they break down dead organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-1982d2a986664680ac8361ec9ac0cb8c", "input": "Question: What are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian? Answer: primates", "output": [ "Primates are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian primates." ] }, { "id": "task593-e3b0e2a9d41843ad9990d44790193f45", "input": "Question: What changes the chemical composition of a substance and can only occur through a chemical reaction? Answer: chemical changes", "output": [ "Pure substances, such as compounds, can be separated through chemical changes. Chemical changes change the chemical composition of a substance and can only occur through a chemical reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-94ba013f8c0a4c65837a8b9ffa03980d", "input": "Question: Electric current is measured in coulombs per second, also called what? Answer: amperes", "output": [ "Electric current is measured in coulombs per second, or amperes." ] }, { "id": "task593-8bfe988f493e40b481032e51750184e8", "input": "Question: What carries blood away from the heart? Answer: arteries", "output": [ "Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins return blood to the heart." ] }, { "id": "task593-d55e988cd85f46fca22ef360b6be9534", "input": "Question: Ocean water appears cyan because microbes in the water preferentially absorb what color of light? Answer: red", "output": [ "Ocean water appears cyan because the microbes in the water preferentially absorb red light. What color does a red lobster appear on the ocean floor? How about a white shirt with blue stripes?." ] }, { "id": "task593-944a1a2981a54dc6b964972824181843", "input": "Question: Which crust lies deep inside the ocean? Answer: oldest", "output": [ "The oldest crust is coldest and lies deepest in the ocean." ] }, { "id": "task593-dcef5ffe53ec4e28885c70240595641b", "input": "Question: Chemical and solar cells are devices that change chemical or light energy to what? Answer: electrical energy", "output": [ "Chemical and solar cells are devices that change chemical or light energy to electrical energy. You can read about both types of cells and how they work below." ] }, { "id": "task593-180d2de14bb24cb381a79e1aa31131c3", "input": "Question: Light-weight air-filled bones and a large four-chambered heart helps a bird do what? Answer: fly", "output": [ "Bird organ systems are adapted for flight. For example, they have light-weight air-filled bones and a large four-chambered heart." ] }, { "id": "task593-041d6ca892834da885deb602faa263cd", "input": "Question: The brain and spinal cord are part of what system? Answer: central nervous system", "output": [ "The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system." ] }, { "id": "task593-269c22eecdcc41f3b42877f062b83c19", "input": "Question: What is the release of particles and/or energy from the nucleus of an atom described as? Answer: radioactivity", "output": [ "Radioactivity involves the release of particles and/or energy from the nucleus of an atom." ] }, { "id": "task593-88db9837a004469b9b7bb223f4b60766", "input": "Question: What are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis called. Answer: ribosomes", "output": [ "Ribosomes are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis. They are found in all cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-ade1909b7e16423ba814609bbe6ab745", "input": "Question: Lysosomes have what type of enzymes that break down old molecules into parts that can be recycled? Answer: digestive", "output": [ "Lysosomes are like the recycling trucks that carry waste away from the factory. Lysosomes have digestive enzymes that break down old molecules into parts that can be recycled." ] }, { "id": "task593-24f5fe2522cf4f20b8af26da367255b3", "input": "Question: Interconnected pathways through which carbon is recycled through the biotic and abiotic components of what? Answer: biosphere", "output": [ "interconnected pathways through which carbon is recycled through the biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-4e895cd892e3425da7784a9d8f7c3f16", "input": "Question: What are the outer-shell electrons of an atom called? Answer: valence electrons", "output": [ "Valence electrons are the outer-shell electrons of an atom." ] }, { "id": "task593-5522ecf3efb1496b8bf4dde5f8f77410", "input": "Question: The substances that comprise heterogeneous mixtures can also be separated by what means? Answer: physical", "output": [ "The substances that comprise heterogeneous mixtures can also be separated by physical means. We will discuss separation techniques in the following lesson." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa82d8b3907d4f919ce436eb937bb2a5", "input": "Question: Which theory states that the characteristics of living things are controlled by genes? Answer: gene theory", "output": [ "The gene theory states that the characteristics of living things are controlled by genes." ] }, { "id": "task593-8bfbc9bcfdb1477ca35e1598d6054af4", "input": "Question: The mass of atoms is based on the number of protons and neutrons in what? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "Atoms have a mass that is based largely on the number of protons and neutrons in their nucleus." ] }, { "id": "task593-540d4822be9f4820aa1830522ec26f64", "input": "Question: What is created by the polymerization of glucose? Answer: cellulose", "output": [ "Zachary Wilson. Cellulose is created by the polymerization of glucose . CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-2f43eae11754468f8fb170679776b3b1", "input": "Question: Name the law that determines as to which rock layers are younger or older than others. Answer: law of superposition", "output": [ "In this lesson, you read how scientists determine the relative ages of sedimentary rock layers. The law of superposition determines which rock layers are younger or older than others." ] }, { "id": "task593-7418c457d94949ec94d809848d6a6fa4", "input": "Question: A hair grows out of a follicle and passes through what before extending above the skin surface? Answer: epidermis", "output": [ "Hair follicles are structures where hairs originate. Each hair grows out of a follicle, passes up through the epidermis, and extends above the skin surface." ] }, { "id": "task593-06b70ad999d64faea94dcb864afdb783", "input": "Question: Deposition refers to when a gas changes to what state? Answer: solid", "output": [ "Deposition is the change of state from a gas to a solid." ] }, { "id": "task593-b305408ed7034c7c9300a5be48bb3dc8", "input": "Question: What is the basis of enzyme classification? Answer: reactions they catalyze", "output": [ "Enzymes are classified by the types of reactions that they catalyze." ] }, { "id": "task593-221a90c3431843a59175c795d7a1f562", "input": "Question: Which type of plankton make food via photosynthesis? Answer: phytoplankton", "output": [ "Phytoplankton are “plant-like” plankton. Since they make food by photosynthesis, they live in the photic zone. Most are algae." ] }, { "id": "task593-b6af370007134aeb8a2e2e7eb6ec9472", "input": "Question: Mechanical energy can also usually be expressed as the sum of kinetic energy and what other kind of energy? Answer: potential energy", "output": [ "Kinetic and potential energy add up to mechanical energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-2f9393daf3d8474eaea77cd542de6f43", "input": "Question: What are essential for pollination, but can spread disease and destroy crops? Answer: insects", "output": [ "Insects spread disease and destroy crops. However, they are essential for pollinating flowering plants." ] }, { "id": "task593-775c5e0a1f5d49aca6df254d938a384f", "input": "Question: The number of electrons in the outer energy level determines what property of nonmetals? Answer: reactivity", "output": [ "Some nonmetals are very reactive, whereas others are not reactive at all. It depends on the number of electrons in their outer energy level." ] }, { "id": "task593-40f50b6e9b5449d5a08e05488ea7634d", "input": "Question: The primary nitrogenous waste material secreted by ureotelic animals is what substance? Answer: urea", "output": [ "invertebrates produce uric acid. Animals that secrete urea as the primary nitrogenous waste material are called ureotelic animals." ] }, { "id": "task593-51ac7b5e45c54135885721d2ecaf834e", "input": "Question: What property of ocean water increases rapidly as the water gets deeper? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "The pressure of ocean water increases rapidly as the water gets deeper." ] }, { "id": "task593-644451b023ef4e2187b41dc182dc7754", "input": "Question: Synthesis, decomposition, replacement, and combustion are all types of what reaction? Answer: chemical", "output": [ "Types of chemical reactions include synthesis, decomposition, replacement, and combustion reactions." ] }, { "id": "task593-f77686edca0d42d7a2d20c4f361189c7", "input": "Question: What colorful phenomenon occurs in the northern sky when particles from the sun energize ions in the thermosphere? Answer: northern lights", "output": [ "Particles from the Sun energize ions in the thermosphere. This creates the northern and southern lights." ] }, { "id": "task593-7b27abd5b41448cdaafe179c614687ee", "input": "Question: What is the force that causes centripetal acceleration? Answer: centripetal force", "output": [ "Centripetal force is the force that causes centripetal acceleration." ] }, { "id": "task593-2b2d5c67d1634e92a6d6d2f78dc2f513", "input": "Question: What forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell? Answer: plasma membrane", "output": [ "The plasma membrane forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell. The plasma membrane has selective permeability." ] }, { "id": "task593-b3ad2d4c009b4386a52f8fd002bab917", "input": "Question: When two haploid gametes unite during fertilization they form what? Answer: a diploid cell", "output": [ "diploid cell that forms when two haploid gametes unite during fertilization." ] }, { "id": "task593-ae4236fa7ce34ccf81848ed727c34370", "input": "Question: What state of matter has a definite volume, but takes the shape of the container? Answer: liquid", "output": [ "Liquids have a definite volume, but take the shape of the container." ] }, { "id": "task593-b2bd54d5642641478b5ec07f64dc2e48", "input": "Question: Sight, hearing, balance, taste, smell, and touch are types of what? Answer: senses", "output": [ "Human senses include sight, hearing, balance, taste, smell, and touch." ] }, { "id": "task593-762d470a182c44798aca1bbe1e99d5cd", "input": "Question: What are considered solid lipids that animals use to store energy? Answer: fats", "output": [ "Fats are solid lipids that animals use to store energy. Examples of fats include butter and the fat in meat." ] }, { "id": "task593-e6587130de694762a1da7226a7039d28", "input": "Question: What are all scientific explanations and interpretations based on? Answer: facts", "output": [ "All scientific explanations and interpretations are based on facts." ] }, { "id": "task593-cbfe14927ba44b68aa3bfb49f9cfbf2e", "input": "Question: What type of fibers are made mostly of protein in living things? Answer: muscle fibers", "output": [ "Muscle fibers are made mostly of protein." ] }, { "id": "task593-b4673a54a4244a2fae1f58732876b361", "input": "Question: Which kind of irrigation uses much less water than other methods? Answer: drip", "output": [ "Drip irrigation uses much less water than other methods." ] }, { "id": "task593-682f894214e1499e98b1abf78a446664", "input": "Question: Red litmus paper turns what color when placed in a basic solution? Answer: blue", "output": [ "Red litmus paper turns blue when placed in a basic solution." ] }, { "id": "task593-f87a6fddfff34aef96f040c8d72e5c48", "input": "Question: What are the tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place? Answer: alveoli", "output": [ "Alveoli are tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place." ] }, { "id": "task593-54a8100f4fbb41059c1f858398c64534", "input": "Question: What is the term for anything that has mass and volume? Answer: matter", "output": [ "Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Mass is the amount of matter in a substance. Volume is the amount of space matter takes up." ] }, { "id": "task593-d3388f454faf4880aec815a0d0125201", "input": "Question: What type of force allows non-polar molecules to interact? Answer: london dispersion", "output": [ "Non-polar molecules can interact by way of London dispersion forces." ] }, { "id": "task593-26b701cc2d1047059ae99dc734df444e", "input": "Question: Sunlight gives plants the energy they need for what? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "Plants can get the energy they need for photosynthesis from either sunlight or artificial light." ] }, { "id": "task593-74c51630cb3e47f08f98ffd873ea3246", "input": "Question: What do organisms need to speed up biochemical reactions? Answer: enzymes", "output": [ "Enzymes are needed to speed up biochemical reactions in organisms. They work by lowering activation energy." ] }, { "id": "task593-431c161b90dd4681ad2f84b6b7aa929d", "input": "Question: What is the most commonly used source of energy in the world? Answer: oil", "output": [ "Oil is a thick, dark brown or black liquid. It is found in rock layers of the Earth's crust. Oil is currently the most commonly used source of energy in the world." ] }, { "id": "task593-326c234988eb418c8b7e51511e0b6938", "input": "Question: What property of food is determined by burning the food and measuring the heat released? Answer: calories", "output": [ "Food calories are determined by burning the food and measuring the heat released." ] }, { "id": "task593-02ded3faf13c41ca824860bb09efff96", "input": "Question: What regulates the thyroid gland in a body? Answer: negative feedback loop", "output": [ "The thyroid gland is regulated by a negative feedback loop. The loop includes the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in addition to the thyroid." ] }, { "id": "task593-83450f8c00a24353a9d0494362c3c433", "input": "Question: How many different types of stresses are there? Answer: four", "output": [ "Stress is the force applied to a rock. There are four types of stresses:." ] }, { "id": "task593-65d78f43f273406482ee6378d4fc0fcf", "input": "Question: Which is the fourth planet from the sun? Answer: mars", "output": [ "Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. The Red Planet is the first planet beyond Earth’s orbit." ] }, { "id": "task593-4d2f3c193fc240fdb4909483a12d818a", "input": "Question: Mammals may either be herbivores, omnivores or what else? Answer: herbivores", "output": [ "Mammals may be herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. They have four types of teeth, so they can eat a wide range of foods." ] }, { "id": "task593-3fbc6159538b4eadb96d5b388f7ec50a", "input": "Question: What part of the body do fish use to absorb oxygen? Answer: gills", "output": [ "In order to absorb oxygen from the water, fish use gills ( Figure below ). Gills take dissolved oxygen from water as the water flows over the surface of the gill." ] }, { "id": "task593-d64f435c8e6d42db8174085c4a7e0aa6", "input": "Question: What is the name of the major components of cell membranes called? Answer: phospholipids", "output": [ "Phospholipids are the major components of cell membranes." ] }, { "id": "task593-12bf2be22276493cb117cb7f16a4244f", "input": "Question: How is sediment transported? Answer: currents", "output": [ "The shore may have a lot of sediment washed from land or eroded from cliffs. The sediment is transported by currents." ] }, { "id": "task593-3e4b90e2bcc949edb39b6825ae0c4fe4", "input": "Question: What always has the same elements in the same ratio? Answer: compound", "output": [ "A compound always consists of the same elements in the same ratio. If the same elements combine in different ratios, they form different compounds." ] }, { "id": "task593-5746b8c013a5433bbca370a9487f8026", "input": "Question: What is lava called before it reaches the surface of the earth? Answer: magma", "output": [ "Minerals form as magma or lava cools." ] }, { "id": "task593-9f6d8cbc10db4c3fb7b703dc82d5bb69", "input": "Question: What is a thick, dark brown or black liquid found in rock layers of the earth's crust? Answer: oil", "output": [ "Oil is a thick, dark brown or black liquid. It is found in rock layers of Earth's crust. Oil is currently the most commonly used source of energy in the world." ] }, { "id": "task593-1074fe192d5f4eb0ac13a62c6750f8cc", "input": "Question: When wood is burned what kind of energy allows the wood to burn? Answer: chemical", "output": [ "Chemical energy is stored in wood and released when the wood burns." ] }, { "id": "task593-7486670aa62b490c96f8ed0a57ebc94a", "input": "Question: What basic units are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged to yield." ] }, { "id": "task593-5c3dbefaf0bb48949106d03b4781ef5f", "input": "Question: What is the most common plant-like protist? Answer: unicellular algae", "output": [ "Ginkgoes, like cycads, has separate female and male plants. The male trees are usually preferred for landscaping because the seeds produced by the female plants smell terrible when they ripen." ] }, { "id": "task593-a597197d49ae44a5947bfd0920d147c5", "input": "Question: In what two ways are volcanic eruptions characterized? Answer: explosive and non-explosive", "output": [ "Eruptions can be explosive or non-explosive. Only rarely do gentle and explosive eruptions happen in the same volcano." ] }, { "id": "task593-e58f58d22637401ea79c3897e1c28b23", "input": "Question: What is the main element in organic compounds? Answer: carbon", "output": [ "Carbon is the main element in organic compounds. Carbon can form stable bonds with many elements, including itself." ] }, { "id": "task593-44ade31074c043d5b401a870d40dbcb3", "input": "Question: A gene may have different versions called what? Answer: alleles", "output": [ "Traits are controlled by genes on chromosomes. A gene may have different versions called alleles." ] }, { "id": "task593-464324d3cd644ad2ad1bb72f3b24d87b", "input": "Question: How do plants obtain their energy? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "Seaweed is actually a plant-like protist, which are also known as algae. The green color is due to what pigment? Algae, like plants, obtain their energy through photosynthesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-ceb6e6f982384619a2b817fc6ff1e4ca", "input": "Question: The myod protein deserves its designation as a master regulatory what? Answer: gene", "output": [ "Some organisms can reproduce sexually or asexually. Under what conditions might each type of reproduction be an advantage?." ] }, { "id": "task593-b007f62b9ae5493fa7c56242e91bc0be", "input": "Question: What color is the fungus in blue cheese? Answer: blue", "output": [ "Blue cheese is blue because of the fungus growing throughout it." ] }, { "id": "task593-591a5ee013d84670a4a3751fdb58d8e6", "input": "Question: What provides building materials for the body? Answer: food", "output": [ "Food provides building materials for the body. The body needs building materials for growth and repair." ] }, { "id": "task593-2d7461114c32421c87f751310ea75e8f", "input": "Question: The quarks in a particle are confined, meaning individual quarks cannot be what? Answer: directly observed", "output": [ "Identify evidence for electroweak unification. The quarks in a particle are confined, meaning individual quarks cannot be directly observed. Are gluons confined as well? Explain." ] }, { "id": "task593-b8d85c808d42468287f4072793c58ee3", "input": "Question: What element do nuclear power plants use in fuel rods? Answer: uranium", "output": [ "Nuclear power plants use uranium in fuel rods. The fuel rods become nuclear waste. Nuclear waste can be dangerous for hundreds of thousands of years." ] }, { "id": "task593-daaeb29ad72e4c2faa1026c99694a650", "input": "Question: Kidneys, large intestine, liver, skin, and lungs comprise which system? Answer: excretory system", "output": [ "Organs of excretion make up the excretory system. They include the kidneys, large intestine, liver, skin, and lungs." ] }, { "id": "task593-4a4fefb33ab84d7ea5ec4d30dd738836", "input": "Question: Photosynthesis uses solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce energy-storing carbohydrates.what is produced as a waste product? Answer: oxygen", "output": [ "Figure 8.4 Photosynthesis uses solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce energy-storing carbohydrates. Oxygen is generated as a waste product of photosynthesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-c4e9a5eef83b4631a4e5640531dcf552", "input": "Question: What process brings nutrients from the ocean's floor to its surface? Answer: upwelling", "output": [ "Upwelling brings nutrients to the surface from the ocean floor. Nutrients are important resources for ocean life. However, they aren’t the only resources on the ocean floor." ] }, { "id": "task593-157f1a7861d443e0ab9fe22e3fb3952b", "input": "Question: Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from what kind of cells? Answer: ancient prokaryotic", "output": [ "Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from ancient prokaryotic cells." ] }, { "id": "task593-280f42d214034eb58d5fe1f1afe8d896", "input": "Question: What is a substance that can not be broken down any further into other substances? Answer: pure substance", "output": [ "pure substance that cannot be broken down into other types of substances." ] }, { "id": "task593-4300d90832114fb2849c1e1452d3d72d", "input": "Question: What is the movement of plates called? Answer: plate tectonics", "output": [ "Earthquakes are used to identify plate boundaries ( Figure below ). When earthquake locations are put on a map, they outline the plates . The movements of the plates are called plate tectonics." ] }, { "id": "task593-6e34fa4dcc0848e0a40b6bb9dc173a79", "input": "Question: What collect data on the land and sea in regards to the weather? Answer: weather stations", "output": [ "Weather stations collect data on land and sea. Weather balloons, satellites, and radar collect data in the atmosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-dd4685aae9cd4820b0db2a0f372414d6", "input": "Question: Which layer of the earth is molten? Answer: the outer core", "output": [ "The dense, iron core forms the center of the Earth. Scientists know that the core is metal. The inner core is solid, and the outer core is molten. Here are some of the reasons they know this:." ] }, { "id": "task593-dad16eb2710e4d65a919ec7d854c6925", "input": "Question: What is the name of an uncharged particle whose weight is nearly equal to that of a proton? Answer: a neutron", "output": [ "neutron : An uncharged particle with a mass nearly equal to that of the proton. Neutrons can be found in the nucleus of the atom." ] }, { "id": "task593-e9da23b3c66c4913bcf537575c4d7ea6", "input": "Question: Amphibians may attract mates with what? Answer: calls or scents", "output": [ "Amphibians may attract mates with calls or scents." ] }, { "id": "task593-c6c2b60e93e5402daf3a4ed431080fe0", "input": "Question: What element is the sun mostly made up of? Answer: hydrogen", "output": [ "The Sun is mostly hydrogen with smaller amounts of helium. The material is in the form of plasma." ] }, { "id": "task593-41ecf21c94a74ccaa3bc97ab7d9194ad", "input": "Question: What type of current do generators in cars use? Answer: alternating current", "output": [ "Generators may be set up to produce either alternating or direct current. Generators in cars and most power plants produce alternating current." ] }, { "id": "task593-8cc9d46b4c2140928657f11bdbe4a188", "input": "Question: The global pattern of precipitation is influenced by movements of what? Answer: air masses", "output": [ "The global pattern of precipitation is influenced by movements of air masses. For example, there is a global belt of dry air masses and low precipitation at about 30° N and 30° S latitude." ] }, { "id": "task593-f114d3297e02452dab07886a7ac1cbce", "input": "Question: What does an array of radio telescopes collect? Answer: radio waves", "output": [ "Radio telescopes collect radio waves and are sometimes used in large arrays." ] }, { "id": "task593-8252cbfb55fe422e8e4152186ca63057", "input": "Question: What type of competition occurs between members of the same species? Answer: intraspecific", "output": [ "Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species. For example, two male deer may compete for mates by clashing their antlers together." ] }, { "id": "task593-07daef6f0f404b2d96c43e188fa041c9", "input": "Question: What occurs when the amount of solute dissolved exceeds the solubility of the solute? Answer: saturation", "output": [ "When the amount of solute dissolved exceeds the solubility of the solute. Occurs when a solution is saturated and the temperature slowly drops." ] }, { "id": "task593-e2d98369a9824d18966b2c5ecdbe7baf", "input": "Question: What organ is divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum? Answer: small intestine", "output": [ "Most chemical digestion and nearly all absorption of nutrients take place in the small intestine. This organ consists of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum." ] }, { "id": "task593-7ac1f9b4876e4869a5732e3bc71b53b7", "input": "Question: What unit of the nervous system consists of a cell body, dendrites, and axon? Answer: neuron", "output": [ "Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system. They consist of a cell body, dendrites, and axon." ] }, { "id": "task593-f7541c5c7d5e464894425870e9c9d2fe", "input": "Question: What force causes waves to topple over and break on the shore? Answer: friction", "output": [ "Waves topple over and break on the shore because of friction with the bottom in shallow water." ] }, { "id": "task593-5a3ee9f8f3b448c097c3dd385524dbd2", "input": "Question: What is the transfer of thermal energy between substances called? Answer: heat", "output": [ "Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between substances. Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of moving particles of matter, measured by their temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-1c53af02110845018b13a7d594f803c4", "input": "Question: What causes oxides to decompose? Answer: heat", "output": [ "Found as a pure element in nature; oxides decompose with heating." ] }, { "id": "task593-4770039ac38c499ca4d269f6fcc867d5", "input": "Question: What kind of mouthparts do aphids have? Answer: piercing-sucking mouthparts", "output": [ "Some insects, such as aphids, have piercing-sucking mouthparts. Other insects, like grasshoppers, have chewing mouthparts." ] }, { "id": "task593-e23e68264d054da7af075c1a591b6868", "input": "Question: Most carcinogens produce mutations in genes that control what? Answer: cell cycle", "output": [ "Most carcinogens produce mutations in genes that control the cell cycle." ] }, { "id": "task593-67d23f363a754ef79ac1a083825951bf", "input": "Question: At how many places does points source pollution enter water? Answer: one", "output": [ "Point source pollution enters water at just one place. For example, it might enter a stream through a pipe. Non-point source pollution enters water everywhere. It is carried by runoff." ] }, { "id": "task593-31f375bf8d7146c3a00abd16168fef7f", "input": "Question: What is fluid friction with air called? Answer: air resistance", "output": [ "Types of friction include static friction, sliding friction, rolling friction, and fluid friction. Fluid friction with air is called air resistance." ] }, { "id": "task593-7c2b26df78e745cabc8867581589dc70", "input": "Question: How is a mammal developed if not inside of a placenta or a pouch? Answer: hatched from eggs", "output": [ "This is a mammal. But it is unlike placental or marsupial mammals. If a mammal does not develop within a placenta or a pouch, what type of development is left? Eggs!." ] }, { "id": "task593-3f95a96374334982a9735773fba1dc65", "input": "Question: All forms of energy can be interconverted. three things can change the energy of an object: the transfer of heat, work performed on or by an object, or some combination of what? Answer: heat and work", "output": [ "All forms of energy can be interconverted. Three things can change the energy of an object: the transfer of heat, work performed on or by an object, or some combination of heat and work." ] }, { "id": "task593-cdcda4d0b8a04b918964ed502c4f4bb2", "input": "Question: Red bone marrow, tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland are considered organs of what system? Answer: lymphatic", "output": [ "The lymph organs are the red bone marrow , tonsils , spleen , and thymus gland . They are described below ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-7b5a9fb40c9f45ad82291c8c293078e8", "input": "Question: In an experiment, what is kept constant so they will not affect the results, including affecting the dependent variable? Answer: experimental controls", "output": [ "Experimental controls are other factors that might affect the dependent variable. They are kept constant so they will not affect the results of the experiment." ] }, { "id": "task593-0d4a118fad3e4cc6b7e0a451bac52973", "input": "Question: What are composed of alternating positive and negative ions? Answer: ionic crystals", "output": [ "Ionic crystals are composed of alternating positive and negative ions." ] }, { "id": "task593-c4a8611683134f5a8372bcc77ace5afd", "input": "Question: What is an odorless white solid that is harmless unless consumed in large quantities? Answer: sodium chloride", "output": [ "A: Sodium chloride is an odorless white solid that is harmless unless consumed in large quantities. In fact, it is a necessary component of the human diet." ] }, { "id": "task593-00ce074a1b2945fb902df8d5d61c119b", "input": "Question: What type of reproduction results in genetically unique offspring? Answer: sexual reproduction", "output": [ "Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically unique. They differ from both parents and also from each other. This occurs for a number of reasons." ] }, { "id": "task593-2551c0b89c7540c5ad7884af591983d2", "input": "Question: What is the smallest unit of a chemical element called? Answer: atom", "output": [ "An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element . That is, an atom has all the properties of that element. All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons." ] }, { "id": "task593-c0ebb8786f5b4f588f2cfa02ba97c3e7", "input": "Question: Where is the food supply and embryo stored in a seed? Answer: hull", "output": [ "reproductive structure produced by a seed plant that contains an embryo and food supply enclosed within a hull." ] }, { "id": "task593-e78c5570ea354943950f1e88cb47d769", "input": "Question: Plant cells have structures that animal cells? Answer: lack", "output": [ "Plant cells have structures that animal cells lack. What important process takes place in plant cells but not in animal cells that might explain their differences?." ] }, { "id": "task593-717a662dea4f45b7980eef6e6518ba54", "input": "Question: What are the most numerous organisms in the world? Answer: insects", "output": [ "Insects are arthropods in the class Hexapoda. They are the most numerous organisms in the world." ] }, { "id": "task593-615003d747224741b430a69a3214f6e3", "input": "Question: People with red hair usually have what type of skin? Answer: light", "output": [ "7. People with red hair usually have very light skin. What might be a genetic explanation for this observation?." ] }, { "id": "task593-f3e68341a76a4a18aac5dd0a8a53051e", "input": "Question: What do you call the temperature at which a liquid boils and starts changing to a gas? Answer: boiling point", "output": [ "The temperature at which a liquid boils and starts changing to a gas is called its boiling point. The boiling point of pure water is 100°C." ] }, { "id": "task593-1a816570e16e4aae90d3510f5d636eef", "input": "Question: What characteristic of reptile eggs allows them to be laid on land instead of in water? Answer: they are amniotic", "output": [ "Reptile eggs are amniotic, so they can be laid on land instead of in water." ] }, { "id": "task593-f3b3bd00b5c0467c918456b88b4d547b", "input": "Question: Desert plants have evolved processes to conserve water and deal with harsh conditions. a more efficient use of co2 allows plants to adapt to living with what? Answer: less water", "output": [ "perpendicular to the surface at the point where the ray strikes the surface." ] }, { "id": "task593-7186cd2bce184a19b884bb24b8abfc9b", "input": "Question: The enormous number of species is due to the tremendous variety of what? Answer: environments", "output": [ "The enormous number of species is due to the tremendous variety of environments in which they can live." ] }, { "id": "task593-d09bca3acad14ef08feebe4c7a612ebf", "input": "Question: What composition determines both eruption type and volcano type? Answer: magma", "output": [ "Magma composition determines both eruption type and volcano type." ] }, { "id": "task593-4249b2ce1bb446d5a213fb4201f6ecc8", "input": "Question: What are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms called? Answer: alkenes", "output": [ "Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-3941f2efc7aa42869830302e82cae49d", "input": "Question: What kind of rocks form as an existing rock is altered by high temperature or pressure? Answer: metamorphic", "output": [ "Metamorphic rocks form as an existing rock is altered by high temperature or pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-cb5bf7fb45f14525a3ae38b9768b4ff3", "input": "Question: Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship that has what effect on both species involved? Answer: beneficial", "output": [ "Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit." ] }, { "id": "task593-b27e89283edb4db888102e99393d9553", "input": "Question: Atoms of what element ultimately form in a red supergiant? Answer: iron", "output": [ "In a red supergiant, fusion does not stop. Lighter atoms fuse into heavier atoms. Eventually iron atoms form." ] }, { "id": "task593-0aa4fba3be63477893e96e3514ecd11c", "input": "Question: What occurs when force is applied to a moving object? Answer: acceleration", "output": [ "Acceleration occurs when a force is applied to a moving object." ] }, { "id": "task593-e38b7c47950c451aa4d03ac53853cb41", "input": "Question: What kind of change causes evolution in population? Answer: allele frequency changes", "output": [ "Evolution occurs in a population when allele frequencies change over time. What causes allele frequencies to change? That question was answered by Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg in 1908." ] }, { "id": "task593-e48247ac4fde4ad58fed4a92b5a38f30", "input": "Question: What type of numbers specify the arrangement of electrons in orbitals? Answer: quantum numbers", "output": [ "Quantum numbers specify the arrangements of electrons in orbitals." ] }, { "id": "task593-84877a9bb3c048f8856e3c720983f749", "input": "Question: What are groups of atoms that behave as a single unit called? Answer: molecules", "output": [ "Molecules are groups of atoms that behave as a single unit." ] }, { "id": "task593-180b7279820742a7bf35bef7f56e6a8a", "input": "Question: The four phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and what? Answer: telophase", "output": [ "Mitosis occurs in four phases, called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase." ] }, { "id": "task593-09ed3296b72740a7817f902160fdb1a1", "input": "Question: Molecules of gas are rare in what outermost region of the planet's atmosphere? Answer: exosphere", "output": [ "Gas molecules are exceedingly rare in the exosphere." ] }, { "id": "task593-95d5c09588a241d2ae0a9af6b5072994", "input": "Question: Refraction happens when light bends from doing what in a new medium? Answer: changing speed", "output": [ "Facts are true. Data, gathered correctly, is factual. Facts and data are not subject to opinion or bias." ] }, { "id": "task593-230eb21a3b734210bce0ce6ca6ffb30e", "input": "Question: The process in which animals use visual cues to communicate is known as what? Answer: visual communication", "output": [ "Visual Communication in Animals. Many animals use visual cues to communicate." ] }, { "id": "task593-6de7f88568154aebbb11631995458db6", "input": "Question: Transparent, translucent, or opaque are properties of matter based on an interaction with what? Answer: light", "output": [ "Matter can be classified on the basis of its interactions with light. Matter may be transparent, translucent, or opaque. An example of each type of matter is pictured in the Figure below ." ] }, { "id": "task593-b5e577b163bf4032a3825c2a6a630b3c", "input": "Question: What system is the brain the control center of? Answer: nervous", "output": [ "The brain is the control center of the nervous system. It controls virtually all mental and physical processes." ] }, { "id": "task593-b2473ab88805412a9236a48d9db14b52", "input": "Question: Power in electricity is the voltage multiplied by what? Answer: the current", "output": [ "; Power in electricity is the voltage multiplied by the current." ] }, { "id": "task593-84ca71cf4d264e0699f967befd1c2a8c", "input": "Question: What are bones made up of? Answer: tissues", "output": [ "Bones are made up of different types of tissues." ] }, { "id": "task593-8c7ceab3f041400e8e79ccfbe421d782", "input": "Question: What is made up of nerve cells that sense stimuli and transmit signals? Answer: nervous tissue", "output": [ "Nervous tissue is made up of nerve cells that sense stimuli and transmit signals. Nervous tissue is found in nerves, the spinal cord, and the brain." ] }, { "id": "task593-3bd4117db87d4e44a87482c8ed0b145f", "input": "Question: The two main fundamental particles that make up neutrons are quarks and what else? Answer: gluons", "output": [ "Neutrons consist of fundamental particles known as quarks and gluons. Gluons carry the strong nuclear force that binds together the quarks in a neutron." ] }, { "id": "task593-3529746b9434483da9fb0b9503983b16", "input": "Question: What type of lines run next to each other? Answer: contour lines", "output": [ "Contour lines run next to each other. Each contour line is separated by a constant difference in elevation, usually noted on the map." ] }, { "id": "task593-182508fc12e3478aa3ffc680bf5736bc", "input": "Question: Compared to red light, blue light has a shorter what? Answer: wavelength", "output": [ "Blue light has a shorter wavelength than red light. Which color has the higher frequency? Which moves faster in a vacuum?." ] }, { "id": "task593-df08db606c274a80a2ed77f0057b125d", "input": "Question: What type of seismic waves do the most damage? Answer: surface", "output": [ "The surface seismic waves do the most damage because they only travel along the surface of the ground." ] }, { "id": "task593-c51ac802e74b440396e20b84ccdf1638", "input": "Question: What unit of measure is equal to the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute? Answer: horsepower", "output": [ "Power may be measured in a unit called the horsepower. One horsepower is the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute, which equals 745 watts of power." ] }, { "id": "task593-aa83aa9e450d4b119330ea13832f4fc7", "input": "Question: Group 16 is called the oxygen group. what is the only metalloid in this group? Answer: tellurium", "output": [ "Group 16 is called the oxygen group. Tellurium is the only metalloid in this group, which also contains three nonmetals and one metal." ] }, { "id": "task593-ab03732ea52f4b57818e86390b7e2344", "input": "Question: After fluid collects in nephron tubules in the kidney, where does it move to? Answer: the bladder", "output": [ "The location of nephrons in the kidney. The fluid collects in the nephron tubules and moves to the bladder through the ureter." ] }, { "id": "task593-7ac9584472674733a73daa49a077bb90", "input": "Question: What do you call the lightless part of the ocean? Answer: aphotic zone", "output": [ "The small surface zone that has light is the photic zone. The entire rest of the ocean does not have light and is the aphotic zone." ] }, { "id": "task593-c391d45497a44b73ab5eedb3d62ad5b3", "input": "Question: What is the decayed remains of living organisms called? Answer: humus", "output": [ "Humus is the decayed remains of living organisms. Humus makes soil fertile." ] }, { "id": "task593-4e389a68b2b843fd9d47eaefa679da3a", "input": "Question: What do you call resources that can be replaced at the rate they are being used? Answer: renewable", "output": [ "Renewable resources can be replaced at the rate they are being used." ] }, { "id": "task593-379b3272fe074dc283749ba17e48328e", "input": "Question: What can renewable resources can be replaced by? Answer: natural processes", "output": [ "Renewable resources can be replaced by natural processes as quickly as they are used." ] }, { "id": "task593-fcf1379ceb8e4032b6621ec2068a37b2", "input": "Question: Particles of different densities exert different amounts of what? Answer: pressure", "output": [ "Christopher Auyeung. Particles of different densities exert different amounts of pressure . CC BY-NC 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-cd35ce3680fa49dbb4553100a859da1f", "input": "Question: Two or more what may bond with each other to form a molecule? Answer: atoms", "output": [ "Figure 2.9 Two or more atoms may bond with each other to form a molecule. When two hydrogens and an oxygen share electrons via covalent bonds, a water molecule is formed." ] }, { "id": "task593-9088b41b1e74471cb75813fc372191dd", "input": "Question: What does the tires meeting the road cause when a car accelerates? Answer: friction", "output": [ "A bowling ball rolls down a lane at a constant velocity. (e) A car accelerates down the road. There is friction between the tires and the road." ] }, { "id": "task593-c255ad755a284c58b572000c385eb7eb", "input": "Question: What type of force always opposes the direction of motion? Answer: kinetic friction", "output": [ "Kinetic friction acts between two surfaces that are in contact and in motion with respect to each other. This force reduces the acceleration and it always opposes the direction of motion." ] }, { "id": "task593-792e4ff764d8419591d62d7aea14f714", "input": "Question: What process does water undergo to leave behind dissolved substances? Answer: evaporation", "output": [ "Minerals form from dissolved substances when water evaporates." ] }, { "id": "task593-3ae41ba385df40a987a946cfac42c5bb", "input": "Question: Transporting blood is the main job of the heart and what? Answer: blood vessels", "output": [ "Transporting blood is the main job of the heart and blood vessels." ] }, { "id": "task593-668a615c6960461db04ae62c6454f0cf", "input": "Question: When did new plants start sprouting after the forest fire? Answer: two months later", "output": [ "Secondary Succession. Two months after a forest fire, new plants are already sprouting among the charred logs." ] }, { "id": "task593-cba7529c289e4ac696dd0e50a8c13050", "input": "Question: What weather phenomenon, which may bring clouds and precipitation, is created by stalled air masses? Answer: stationary front", "output": [ "Sometimes two air masses stop moving when they meet. These stalled air masses create a stationary front . Such a front may bring clouds and precipitation to the same area for many days." ] }, { "id": "task593-eeb58327e5e64a038e77c9fe8f9df2f4", "input": "Question: What is the name of the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates? Answer: photosynthesis", "output": [ "Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates." ] }, { "id": "task593-35072f32532d4ebcbd1d7b4e0b50b94f", "input": "Question: What kind of phenotype results in a case of incomplete dominance? Answer: intermediate phenotype", "output": [ "1. Define energy, and state where living things get the energy they need." ] }, { "id": "task593-dc598804d8a748b29dd7eea5d199035d", "input": "Question: What code is the same in all living things and shows that all organisms are related by descent from a common ancestor? Answer: genetic", "output": [ "The genetic code is the same in all living things. This shows that all organisms are related by descent from a common ancestor." ] }, { "id": "task593-ddb76f1a6b1f4872a4f58eb7e67e8ddf", "input": "Question: A nerve cell that carries messages is called a? Answer: neuron", "output": [ "The nervous system is made up of nerves. A nerve is a bundle of nerve cells. A nerve cell that carries messages is called a neuron. The messages carried by neurons are called nerve impulses." ] }, { "id": "task593-05d9d127848042209f22c3c8429a6ab7", "input": "Question: Where is gabbro found? Answer: oceanic crust", "output": [ "Gabbro is a dark dense rock that can be found in oceanic crust." ] }, { "id": "task593-08e321882456471dba48b0071fc4918b", "input": "Question: When a wave travels down a string, the string vibrates up and down at right angles to the wave's what? Answer: direction", "output": [ "A: The wave travels down the string to the end. The string vibrates up and down at right angles to the direction of the wave." ] }, { "id": "task593-17f3262e45ab4f22b338fba3c9e0b236", "input": "Question: What rod provides stiffness to counterbalance the pull of muscles? Answer: notochord", "output": [ "The notochord lies between the dorsal nerve cord and the digestive tract. It provides stiffness to counterbalance the pull of muscles." ] }, { "id": "task593-db0c9f46fbcb41569f113c66ec5513a0", "input": "Question: Because force and electric field are what, they have direction as well as their value? Answer: vectors", "output": [ "Force and electric field are vectors and thus have direction as well as their value." ] }, { "id": "task593-e6028b1650874ff1bf62a48da2f7838f", "input": "Question: What is another term for life science? Answer: biology", "output": [ "Life science is the study of life and living organisms. Life science is also called biology." ] }, { "id": "task593-481777618b6a47aea93e8992e0a00941", "input": "Question: What do you call a unique substance formed when two or more elements combine chemically? Answer: compound", "output": [ "Compounds are unique substances that form when two or more elements combine chemically. The smallest particles of compounds are molecules. Some compounds form crystals instead." ] }, { "id": "task593-fd50777007e743a6ba346eb274de55c1", "input": "Question: What process creates sperm? Answer: spermatogensis", "output": [ "Sperm are produced in the testes in the process of spermatogenesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-6edf44a4b208474bb2b50e36e15c37da", "input": "Question: Metals, fossil fuels, and water are all examples of what type of resource? Answer: natural resources", "output": [ "A natural resource is anything in nature that humans need. Metals and fossil fuels are natural resources. But so are water, sunlight, soil, and wind. Even living things are natural resources." ] }, { "id": "task593-d8cb981eb787434ebcde8158ac067e01", "input": "Question: The simplest type of battery contains what? Answer: single cell", "output": [ "The simplest type of battery contains a single cell. The electrodes extend out of the battery for the attachment of wires that carry the current." ] }, { "id": "task593-48be601883b642e28561299f758f5e09", "input": "Question: What kind of biome or climate might you find very close to the earth's poles, as well as up on high mountains? Answer: tundra", "output": [ "Tundra is found near the poles and up on high mountains." ] }, { "id": "task593-a640c0df74e34986be2363631b07420b", "input": "Question: If everything in a system stays the same but the pressure deceases, gas bubbles will change in what way? Answer: they get bigger", "output": [ "Gas bubbles get bigger when they are under less pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-b899bec813024e66a9eaac2af869eaaa", "input": "Question: What protects a developing flower while it is still a bud? Answer: sepals", "output": [ "Sepals protect the developing flower while it is still a bud. Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers." ] }, { "id": "task593-ab7fcace0d6840a79c45f1567060eab5", "input": "Question: The term “vapor” refers to the gas phase when it exists at a temperature below what? Answer: boiling temperature", "output": [ "for low temperatures, where the phase can change from a gas to a liquid. The term “vapor” refers to the gas phase when it exists at a temperature below the boiling temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-24d7426d57324bc7abffa77fecf30fa6", "input": "Question: Timber, medicines, dyes, oils, and rubber are just some of the useful products humans derive from what? Answer: plants", "output": [ "Plants provide many products for human use. They include timber, medicines, dyes, oils, and rubber." ] }, { "id": "task593-9429fc47c33b45ad80167dde31e4d8b1", "input": "Question: Osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, fractures, and sprains are problems affecting what system? Answer: skeletal system", "output": [ "Possible problems of the skeletal system include osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, fractures, and sprains." ] }, { "id": "task593-c4d3fea309004805bfcea8f4a84fbae7", "input": "Question: Birds evolved from what type of ancestor? Answer: reptile", "output": [ "Birds evolved from a reptile ancestor, but modern birds and reptiles are very different. Birds are now the most numerous four-limbed reptiles on Earth." ] }, { "id": "task593-641c3e083543412384a186d95807c797", "input": "Question: What are used to lift large masses of magnetic materials such as scrap iron, rolls of steel, and auto parts? Answer: electromagnets", "output": [ "Electromagnets find use in many practical applications. Electromagnets are used to lift large masses of magnetic materials such as scrap iron, rolls of steel, and auto parts." ] }, { "id": "task593-27549b2f1c50476da49099c87ac8f479", "input": "Question: Atomic orbitals from different atoms overlap to form what? Answer: molecular orbitals", "output": [ "Atomic orbitals from different atoms overlap to form molecular orbitals." ] }, { "id": "task593-2309907f12544fb18c361fe6e7be0a03", "input": "Question: What is caused when circulating blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels? Answer: blood pressure", "output": [ "Blood pressure occurs when circulating blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels." ] }, { "id": "task593-a436bd7350d84fbf92423c6e3d998723", "input": "Question: The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are located near the base of this organ? Answer: the brain", "output": [ "The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are located close together at the base of the brain." ] }, { "id": "task593-9b346c65da9b473f9a42cb53ee93c4cd", "input": "Question: What kind of scientists measure percentages of sand, silt, and clay? Answer: soil scientists", "output": [ "Soil scientists measure the percentage of sand, silt, and clay in soil. They plot this information on a triangular diagram, with each type of particle at one corner ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-bd3d1cf29c6e49dfa7c2d99977307af2", "input": "Question: The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four of which other atoms? Answer: chlorine", "output": [ "The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms, so the formula is CCl4. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books." ] }, { "id": "task593-495d8872bbc745009eec8fb0987ac8ed", "input": "Question: What do you call pure substances with unique properties? Answer: elements", "output": [ "Elements are pure substances with unique properties. There are more than 100 different elements (92 of which occur naturally). The smallest particles of elements are atoms." ] }, { "id": "task593-2dec870743c1413c96119b98b4b63a02", "input": "Question: Due to the difference in the distribution of charge, water is what type of molecule? Answer: polar", "output": [ "Due to the difference in the distribution of charge, water is a polar molecule." ] }, { "id": "task593-bfc005fbff744b8d942dc1ebbee3891e", "input": "Question: Which type of tides are created when the sun and moon's tides match? Answer: spring tides", "output": [ "When the Sun's and Moon's tides match, there are spring tides. When the two tides are opposed, there are neap tides." ] }, { "id": "task593-954bf1c8447540ff846d67da0a72cc7c", "input": "Question: Hydrogen chloride contains one atom of hydrogen and one atom of what? Answer: chlorine", "output": [ "Hydrogen chloride contains one atom of hydrogen and one atom of chlorine. Because the." ] }, { "id": "task593-c3786557ff064cf584841cbc7161ba1b", "input": "Question: Blood from what organs enters the left atrium of the heart? Answer: lungs", "output": [ "Blood from the lungs enters the left atrium of the heart. The left atrium pumps the blood to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the body." ] }, { "id": "task593-69f7f8d694af4b87a291d0ab51b27f8f", "input": "Question: At what point is water on the ph scale? Answer: neutrality, 7", "output": [ "The light from a laser is monochromatic, coherent, and very intense." ] }, { "id": "task593-df7e1d0ee94147d9b090e16f5e44c779", "input": "Question: What is the practical application of scientific principles and discoveries to develop things that make our lives easier? Answer: engineering", "output": [ "Engineering is the practical application of scientific principles and discoveries to develop things that make our lives easier. Is medicine science or engineering? Justify your answer." ] }, { "id": "task593-932d2f6f093f4b268f9e18fb196beae5", "input": "Question: What consists of thylakoid membranes surrounded by stroma? Answer: a chloroplast", "output": [ "A chloroplast consists of thylakoid membranes surrounded by stroma. The thylakoid membranes contain molecules of the green pigment chlorophyll." ] }, { "id": "task593-bac3f12fc2464dc9bcc146ae736ccc88", "input": "Question: Kidney stones are considered a disease that affects which system? Answer: urinary system", "output": [ "Diseases of the urinary system include kidney stones and urinary tract infections. Untreated diabetes may cause kidney failure and the need for hemodialysis or a kidney transplant." ] }, { "id": "task593-8bca1f9992f64c9da12afcb1c8fcf902", "input": "Question: The cells of all protists have a what? Answer: nucleus", "output": [ "The cells of all protists have a nucleus. They also have other membrane-bound organelles. For example, all of them have mitochondria, and some of them have chloroplasts." ] }, { "id": "task593-4c89f4349f584344969d5bd1a4a268d3", "input": "Question: Different media affect what property of light? Answer: speed", "output": [ "The speed of light is different in different media." ] }, { "id": "task593-278773a54a8e45a7bd3ad9867a5b57de", "input": "Question: In a fullerene, what atoms are bonded to three other atoms in a soccer ball pattern? Answer: carbon", "output": [ "In a fullerene, carbon atoms are bonded to three other atoms in a soccer ball pattern. The bonds are weak, so fullerenes can dissolve and form solutions." ] }, { "id": "task593-230a71a59866476cb5ccbcd0b95f1550", "input": "Question: There are two types of digestion, mechanical and what else? Answer: chemical", "output": [ "Digestion consists of mechanical and chemical digestion." ] }, { "id": "task593-2c41b03e342c4a1ba66a6fcd73eb4288", "input": "Question: What is the release of energy in the form of high energy electromagnetic waves? Answer: gamma emission", "output": [ "Gamma emission is the release of energy in the form of high energy electromagnetic waves." ] }, { "id": "task593-5ed10f31333e4af8b557721966ca52bd", "input": "Question: Metals are elements that can conduct what? Answer: electricity", "output": [ "Metals are elements that can conduct electricity. Most elements are metals." ] }, { "id": "task593-391c3ddd4c9e4939a29d8a9eb9b67754", "input": "Question: What attracts the earth to the sun? Answer: gravity", "output": [ "The earth is attracted to the sun by the force of gravity. Why doesn’t the earth fall into the sun?." ] }, { "id": "task593-80a989323c314bb695c24754fda72b7a", "input": "Question: The female reproductive organs include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and what? Answer: vagina", "output": [ "The female reproductive organs include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina." ] }, { "id": "task593-6a30e02fd2db4a91b66d668979122ffa", "input": "Question: Elements with magic numbers of what tend to have more stable isotopes? Answer: protons", "output": [ "Isotopes with magic numbers of protons and/or neutrons tend to be especially stable. Elements with magic numbers of protons tend to have more stable isotopes than elements that do not." ] }, { "id": "task593-79ba7a9acb544faab42469b90112d68e", "input": "Question: How many pi bonds are found in a triple bond? Answer: two", "output": [ "From the stirrup, the vibrations pass to the oval window . This is another membrane like the eardrum." ] }, { "id": "task593-113097208db44fa78ad6b21e46789292", "input": "Question: What takes place directly after developing a hypothesis in the scientific method process? Answer: testing the hypothesis", "output": [ "Scientific method is a process consisting of making observations, developing a hypothesis, and testing that hypothesis." ] }, { "id": "task593-b73196b7d8ea4bccb8fadd7823877f6e", "input": "Question: Temperature can be defined as the average of what type of energy of the molecules? Answer: kinetic", "output": [ "Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules." ] }, { "id": "task593-94a5cac756954afba2721f6b866e6153", "input": "Question: The joints of the carpal bones in the wrist are examples of what type of joints? Answer: planar joints", "output": [ "Figure 38.27 The joints of the carpal bones in the wrist are examples of planar joints. (credit: modification of work by Brian C. Goss)." ] }, { "id": "task593-93536e766de64a9b8a91e25dec14bed3", "input": "Question: What type of salts are secreted into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats? Answer: bile", "output": [ "Bile salts are secreted into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats." ] }, { "id": "task593-d0490b4ca89a426a877a3d2e65eaf456", "input": "Question: What is the ph of pure water? Answer: 7", "output": [ "milk of magnesia, pH = 10.5 2. pure water, pH = 7 3. wine, pH = 3.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-b19f684f977c4403a849bf1d4887ac07", "input": "Question: Anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, and sickle-cell disease are examples of conditions that primarily affect what? Answer: blood", "output": [ "Some diseases affect mainly the blood or its components. They include anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, and sickle-cell disease." ] }, { "id": "task593-3558cf273b0c440ab27fcd980cf64352", "input": "Question: An obstacle or opening that is shorter than the wavelength causes greater diffraction of what? Answer: waves", "output": [ "An obstacle or opening that is shorter than the wavelength causes greater diffraction of waves." ] }, { "id": "task593-633750b012b749e4be850552dde0f4df", "input": "Question: Like plants, animals are multicellular what? Answer: eukaryotes", "output": [ "Like plants, animals are multicellular eukaryotes. However, animals differ from plants in other important ways." ] }, { "id": "task593-f5cf750511664575b1b50702ceffd6ad", "input": "Question: What are two examples of lipids? Answer: fats and oils", "output": [ "Lipids are organic compounds such as fats and oils. They store energy and help form cell membranes in addition to having other functions in organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-b0f8b36293ca4f5fb7f9eed261edd93f", "input": "Question: Which process or force pulls rocks apart? Answer: tension stress", "output": [ "Tension stress pulls rocks apart. Tension causes rocks to lengthen or break apart. Tension is the major type of stress found at divergent plate boundaries." ] }, { "id": "task593-bff92f5e912747cf99b135bdcde13348", "input": "Question: What trimester is associated with rapid fetal growth? Answer: third trimester", "output": [ "Figure 43.21 There is rapid fetal growth during the third trimester. (credit: modification of work by Gray’s Anatomy)." ] }, { "id": "task593-0ab27d8571fa4393a06276c96020c12c", "input": "Question: Predators can replace what tool in agriculture. Answer: pesticides", "output": [ "Predator species such as birds and spiders control insect pests. They reduce the need for chemical pesticides, which are expensive and may be harmful to human beings and other organisms." ] }, { "id": "task593-03cae85abae44acf944c7eaf59dc368f", "input": "Question: What happens to a species when all of the individuals die out or evolve into a different species? Answer: extinction", "output": [ "Species go extinct when all of the individuals die out or evolve into a different species." ] }, { "id": "task593-a8bb124b188d44e0ace3a13e1d9f178a", "input": "Question: Where do angiosperms produce seeds in flowers? Answer: ovaries", "output": [ "Seed plants called angiosperms produce seeds in the ovaries of flowers." ] }, { "id": "task593-ce337a38e16040e985dddeccbcc16993", "input": "Question: What is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane? Answer: osmosis", "output": [ "Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane and down a concentration gradient. They can move into or out of a cell, depending on the concentration of the solute." ] }, { "id": "task593-d0a3bd5e391a4ad08e7e197f1655fb6a", "input": "Question: What is categorized by the forces holding the individual atoms, ions, or molecules together? Answer: solids", "output": [ "Solids can be categorized by the forces holding the individual atoms, ions, or molecules together. The Table below summarizes the properties of different solids:." ] }, { "id": "task593-de68df1f9b6c4a4aa89ec01f28bbc132", "input": "Question: Pepsin and trypsin are examples of enzymes involved in what bodily process? Answer: digestion", "output": [ "Various conditions affect enzyme function. Pepsin and trypsin are two digestive enzymes that work in contrasting environments." ] }, { "id": "task593-0ad59938eac4461c92db9c34dc69ba0f", "input": "Question: Many transition metals and their compounds are used as what? Answer: catalysts", "output": [ "Many transition metals and their compounds are used as catalysts. Given MnO 2, FeCl3, Pt, and Ni, which would you select for each purpose and why?." ] }, { "id": "task593-a7f072a0afac4d36913f0795699f1214", "input": "Question: What is the least dangerous radioactive decay? Answer: alpha decay", "output": [ "All radioactive decay is dangerous to living things, but alpha decay is the least dangerous." ] }, { "id": "task593-edbfddb91dcc4cc899dcb48c6cd2981d", "input": "Question: By what are skeletal muscles attached to bones? Answer: tendons", "output": [ "Most muscles are skeletal muscles, which are attached to bones by tendons. Skeletal muscles work in pairs to move bones back and forth at joints." ] }, { "id": "task593-0cfefc82f6d749d7a0a68731735a5ce6", "input": "Question: What two gases are the main components of air? Answer: nitrogen and oxygen", "output": [ "A: Other examples of liquid mixtures include salt water and salad dressing. Air is a mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen. The rock pictured in the Figure below is a solid mixture." ] }, { "id": "task593-483721f2352d4c8c848ecea4793ef4ea", "input": "Question: What carries the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? Answer: messenger rna", "output": [ "Messenger RNA ( mRNA ) carries the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. mRNA is produced in the nucleus, as are all RNAs." ] }, { "id": "task593-7ccd374ee7534b69a9d57fa8498b2c66", "input": "Question: Bile salts produced by the liver assist in breaking apart what kind of fats? Answer: dietary", "output": [ "Many other salts are important in the body. For example, bile salts produced by the liver help break apart dietary fats, and calcium phosphate salts form the mineral portion of teeth and bones." ] }, { "id": "task593-182bab377cdc4e1c9a01f5a7421f410d", "input": "Question: What do people use from aquifers from springs or wells? Answer: fresh water", "output": [ "People use fresh water from aquifers from springs or wells." ] }, { "id": "task593-92e4e0cdb3d2433d9dd10e6a84ba9c92", "input": "Question: What type of galaxies are oval shaped, red or yellow, and contain mostly old stars? Answer: typical elliptical", "output": [ "Typical elliptical galaxies are oval shaped, red or yellow, and contain mostly old stars." ] }, { "id": "task593-f97d309221d54aef8eda48e9d7f041e0", "input": "Question: What zone is outside the radiative zone? Answer: convection zone", "output": [ "The convection zone is where convection takes place. It is located outward from the radiative zone." ] }, { "id": "task593-df0a126d3a6a4f76948941918f866e5a", "input": "Question: What term is used to describe the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through a fluid? Answer: convection", "output": [ "Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through a fluid. Thermal energy is always transferred from an area with a higher temperature to an area with a lower temperature." ] }, { "id": "task593-3c9c08fd8f894e8f8cc5dfd8596c3ac8", "input": "Question: A man made lake is known as what? Answer: resevoirs", "output": [ "Many lakes are not natural, but are human-made. People dam a stream in a suitable spot. Water backs up behind the dam, creating a lake. These lakes are \"reservoirs\" ( Figure below )." ] }, { "id": "task593-ab67d0f192f0489289fb7f4cb6ab2d9b", "input": "Question: Momentum is a vector quantity that has the same direction as what? Answer: object ' s velocity", "output": [ "Momentum is a vector quantity that has the same direction as the velocity of the object." ] }, { "id": "task593-8161d86fc54b4f1ba66b3ed99381076e", "input": "Question: Comparing anatomy, and characterizing the similarities and differences, provides evidence of what process? Answer: evolution", "output": [ "Take a close look at this gorilla hand. The similarities to a human hand are remarkable. Comparing anatomy, and characterizing the similarities and differences, provides evidence of evolution." ] }, { "id": "task593-721af73beacd4017b523473103b8fcd2", "input": "Question: Four electron groups orient themselves into what shape that has four faces? Answer: tetrahedron", "output": [ "Four electron groups orient themselves in the shape of a tetrahedron." ] }, { "id": "task593-c13635ad9b6f4e9a930eff86bca4eeaa", "input": "Question: What creates a new seafloor at the mid-ocean ridge? Answer: magma", "output": [ "Magma at the mid-ocean ridge creates new seafloor." ] }, { "id": "task593-fd086572e1904daa8fc175715ef12c7c", "input": "Question: Average global temperature has been doing what for the past several decades? Answer: rising", "output": [ "Average global temperature has been rising for the past several decades." ] }, { "id": "task593-f41e017a3d3c4d7e8a5fb727bf46d745", "input": "Question: In which type of reaction are compounds formed? Answer: chemical reaction", "output": [ "Compounds form when atoms of different elements combine. This process is a chemical reaction." ] }, { "id": "task593-838d0d63978f45f595a6b192c4c8b5f5", "input": "Question: Australopithecus afarensis is an ancestor of what primate? Answer: humans", "output": [ "Australopithecus afarensis is a human ancestor that lived about 3 million years ago." ] }, { "id": "task593-3b55a3807ed849b9a3fcecb265c37bea", "input": "Question: Myopia and hyperopia are defects that can be corrected with devices? Answer: lenses", "output": [ "Myopia and hyperopia can be corrected with lenses." ] }, { "id": "task593-74aba60f0b9845d3bd37e66aa7f71915", "input": "Question: Integral and peripheral proteins are associated with what fatty bilayer? Answer: lipid", "output": [ "Integral proteins span the lipid bilayer, while peripheral proteins associate with the surfaces of the lipid bilayer. aid in the movement of charged and polar species across the membrane." ] }, { "id": "task593-d774da6b1e614d55ad25d9372ed7816e", "input": "Question: Reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors, what organs tend to be relatively large in primates? Answer: brains", "output": [ "Primates tend to have bigger brains for their body size than other mammals. This is reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors." ] }, { "id": "task593-c7cbb0f9c1c34199a55edeca7e551bf9", "input": "Question: What is the basic unit of computer memory? Answer: byte", "output": [ "Multiplicative prefixes are used for other units as well, such as computer memory. The basic unit of computer memory is the byte (b). What is the unit for one million bytes?." ] }, { "id": "task593-72eb936d031b43c9a04b569294f46b2b", "input": "Question: The atomic number is the same as the number of what in an atom? Answer: protons", "output": [ "The number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number. This is also unique for each element." ] }, { "id": "task593-be14cfac633d42f38cfd1149d7a3dae0", "input": "Question: Where does the krebs cycle take place? Answer: in the matrix", "output": [ "The Krebs cycle and electron transport occur in the mitochondria. The Krebs cycle takes place in the matrix, and electron transport takes place on the inner membrane." ] }, { "id": "task593-77aa937c379347fbab8d689b66b66fe5", "input": "Question: What are most stis caused by? Answer: bacteria", "output": [ "Many STIs are caused by bacteria. Some of the most common bacterial STIs are chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Bacterial STIs can be cured with antibiotics." ] }, { "id": "task593-f19ed0e761d24e31957a9e26f2542ed9", "input": "Question: Potential energy is present in objects that are what? Answer: elastic", "output": [ "Potential energy is present in objects that are ______________." ] }, { "id": "task593-b2d864d1ecdb4895b58bf74688dca3b2", "input": "Question: Mount kilimanjaro has ________ climates at the top and bottom? Answer: different", "output": [ "Mount Kilimanjaro has very different climates at the top and bottom." ] }, { "id": "task593-997f9f41344340cf928ba33cb73aefa1", "input": "Question: The presence of what makes soil hold together more tightly and enables it to hold more water? Answer: clay", "output": [ "Soils with lots of very small spaces are water-holding soils. When clay is present in a soil, the soil holds together more tightly. Clay-rich soil can hold more water." ] }, { "id": "task593-82151d995cc44cfb8690e87aff0b6ae6", "input": "Question: What process does not cause a rock to melt completely, instead causing the minerals to change by heat or pressure? Answer: metamorphism", "output": [ "Metamorphism does not cause a rock to melt completely. It only causes the minerals to change by heat or pressure." ] }, { "id": "task593-874e69a0548e4b3c9340699e9bea2542", "input": "Question: What is the active ingredient in household bleach? Answer: chlorine", "output": [ "Chlorine is the active ingredient in household bleach. It removes stains from clothes. It can also be used to disinfect countertops and other surfaces." ] }, { "id": "task593-b150d2e520414cbe8836c65afaadf873", "input": "Question: What is found inside the pores of spongy bone? Answer: bone marrow", "output": [ "Bone marrow is a soft connective tissue that produces blood cells. It is found inside the pores of spongy bone." ] }, { "id": "task593-8cb26ed7080e429b955b4d7927c40ac1", "input": "Question: Coral reefs are a type of what large community and have the highest biodiversity on earth? Answer: biome", "output": [ "USFWS Pacific. Coral reefs are one of the biomes with the highest biodiversity on Earth . CC BY 2.0." ] }, { "id": "task593-49f666d3ed134ba89b7d8efd91790293", "input": "Question: Different forms, or allotropes, of carbon are diamond, graphite, and what? Answer: fullerenes", "output": [ "Different forms, or allotropes, of carbon are diamond, graphite, and fullerenes." ] }, { "id": "task593-11945709a9f84039b516a8dd8b4d6ae3", "input": "Question: Bar, circle, and line are all types of what? Answer: graphs", "output": [ "Descriptive statistics and graphs help organize data so patterns and trends are more apparent. Descriptive statistics include the mean and range. Types of graphs include bar, circle, and line graphs." ] }, { "id": "task593-e2de5667e8ac41218f9743481047e824", "input": "Question: What is the term for geological activity that occurs within a plate? Answer: intraplate activity", "output": [ "Not all geological activity is found at plate boundaries. Activity within a plate is called intraplate activity. Most intraplate activity occurs at hotspots." ] }, { "id": "task593-e3ea3ec519864c60948a7e1106048d05", "input": "Question: What is used as a vector for gene insertion in ex vivo gene therapy? Answer: virus", "output": [ "In ex vivo gene therapy, done outside the body, cells are removed from the patient and the proper gene is inserted using a virus as a vector. The modified cells are placed back into the patient." ] }, { "id": "task593-451db1308f2c4476ab07bbb1034c5145", "input": "Question: Galaxies can be spiral, elliptical, or which other type? Answer: irregular", "output": [ "Galaxies can be spiral, elliptical, or irregular." ] }, { "id": "task593-8142f3eec86046919cef8583cbcd00cc", "input": "Question: What is the preferred method for separating late transition metals from their ores? Answer: hydrometallurgy", "output": [ "Hydrometallurgy is the preferred method for separating late transition metals from their ores. What types of ligands are most effective in this process?." ] }, { "id": "task593-585140a4ddd84bc2a76084a2f0f7c85c", "input": "Question: A mass suspended by a wire is a simple type of what and undergoes simple harmonic motion for amplitudes less than about 15 degrees? Answer: pendulum", "output": [ "16.4 The Simple Pendulum • A mass m suspended by a wire of length L is a simple pendulum and undergoes simple harmonic motion for amplitudes less than about 15º. The period of a simple pendulum is." ] }, { "id": "task593-7ad1195be7b34e89b5786d3ab509b7aa", "input": "Question: Where do living things obtain the energy to carry out all life processes? Answer: food", "output": [ "Living things need energy to carry out all life processes. They get energy from food." ] }, { "id": "task593-c45c5169fa7341759a19a0576f824058", "input": "Question: What is the largest mineral group, comprising over 90% of earth's crust? Answer: silicates", "output": [ "Silicates are the largest mineral group. About 1,000 silicate minerals are known. Silicate minerals are also extremely common. They make up over 90% of Earth's crust!." ] } ], "Instance License": [ "CC BY-NC 3.0" ] }